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[ { "docid": "dd4751be4dfc7b6351e4a07efb5a3a9a", "text": "Kris Kristofferson Kristoffer `` Kris '' Kristofferson ( born June 22 , 1936 ) is an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor . He wrote and recorded the songs `` Me and Bobby McGee '' , `` For the Good Times '' , `` Sunday Mornin ' Comin ' Down '' , and `` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' . Kristofferson composed his own songs and collaborated with Nashville songwriters such as Shel Silverstein . In 1985 , Kristofferson joined fellow country artists Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Johnny Cash in forming the country music supergroup The Highwaymen . In 2004 , Kristofferson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . He is also known for his starring roles in Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore and A Star Is Born , for the latter of which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d31d660796b74b022bf0a252d6de9ca", "text": "Billy Davis (songwriter) Roquel `` Billy '' Davis ( July 11 , 1932 -- September 2 , 2004 ) , of Detroit , was an American songwriter , record producer , and singer . Davis was also known as a writer/producer of commercial jingles , mostly for Coca-Cola . He was also known as Tyran Carlo on writing credits . Early in his career in Detroit , Davis sang and wrote with an early version of the Four Tops called `` The Four Aims '' , which included his cousin Lawrence Payton . In the late-1950s , he collaborated with Berry Gordy , the Motown Records founder , to write a number of hit songs for Jackie Wilson . The most notable of these was `` Lonely Teardrops '' , written by Davis , Gordy , and Gordy 's sister Gwen , who was Davis 's girlfriend at the time . Davis and Gwen Gordy later founded Anna Records , which was the distributor of the early singles from Berry Gordy 's newly formed Tamla label . The two also wrote `` Reet Petite '' for Wilson , which was a Top 10 hit for the singer in the UK and later topped the British charts in 1986 when re-released . Another success for the two was Marv Johnson 's major hit in 1959 , `` You Got What It Takes '' ( # 2 R&B , # 10 pop ) , as the two continued to work together . In the early 1960s , Davis left Detroit and moved to Chess Records in Chicago , after being persuaded by label owner , Leonard Chess to take charge of the A&R and creative departments , bringing in and supervising in-house songwriters , arrangers and producers , who were aiming now at the soul and crossover pop markets . During this period , he wrote and produced for many artists , including Etta James , The Dells , Billy Stewart , Little Milton , Jackie Ross , Mitty Collier and Fontella Bass , whose 1965 single , `` Rescue Me '' was Davis ' biggest hit ( # 1 R&B , # 4 pop ) . Davis quit Chess towards the end of 1968 , some months before the record company was eventually sold , with his success at the label gaining him a position writing and producing jingles at the McCann Erickson advertising agency in New York City . He eventually rose to Senior Vice-President and Music Director . While at McCann-Erickson , Davis 's primary client was The Coca-Cola Company , for which he produced the famous jingle `` I 'd Like to Teach the World to Sing ( In Perfect Harmony ) '' , used in a 1971 Coca-Cola television advertisement . He also produced other jingles such as `` It 's the Real Thing '' , `` Things Go Better With Coke '' and `` Country Sunshine '' for Coca-Cola ( with country singer Dottie West , who recorded the song ) , and `` If You 've Got the Time '' for Miller Beer . Davis died of natural causes in New Rochelle , New York in September 2004 . He was 72 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ddd66c54bf52efed14d06b04669a9c8", "text": "Stargate (music producers) Stargate is a Norwegian record producing and songwriting team , composed of Tor Erik Hermansen ( born 14 October 1972 ) and Mikkel Storleer Eriksen ( born 10 December 1972 ) , based in New York City . The team 's genres include R&B , pop , dance-pop , Europop and hip hop . Stargate was established in Trondheim , Norway . Stargate broke into the American recording industry in 2006 , with the release of the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single , `` So Sick '' , produced and co-written by the team and performed by Ne-Yo . They also produced and co-wrote Beyoncé 's worldwide hit single `` Irreplaceable '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 consecutive weeks . Throughout their career they have been noted for their extensive work with Rihanna , writing and producing four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 singles with the Barbadian singer in 2010 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429aba119e0a5135b457d2637de968dd", "text": "Bob Montgomery (songwriter) Bob Montgomery ( May 12 , 1937 -- December 4 , 2014 ) was an American singer , songwriter , and record producer/publisher . Montgomery was born in Lampasas , Texas , United States . He was a songwriting partner and best friend of Buddy Holly , performing together as the duo `` Buddy and Bob '' while teenagers in high school . Initially , they played a variety of bluegrass music , which evolved into rockabilly sounds . Montgomery met Holly at Hutchinson Junior High School in Lubbock , Texas , in 1949 . They started playing together at school assemblies and on local radio shows . Montgomery sang lead and Holly harmonized . They soon had a weekly Sunday radio show on station KDAV . On October 14 , 1955 , Bill Haley & His Comets played a concert at the Fair Park Auditorium , at Montgomery , Holly and bassist Larry Welborn were also on the bill . Eddie Crandall , Marty Robbins ' manager , spoke to KDAV station owner Pappy Dave Stone and told him he was interested in Holly as a solo performer . Holly 's career then began after demo recordings of his music were made and sent to Decca Records . Montgomery co-wrote some of Holly 's songs , such as `` Heartbeat '' , `` Wishing '' , and `` Love 's Made a Fool of You '' . He wrote the pop standard `` Misty Blue '' and , for Patsy Cline , `` Back in Baby 's Arms '' . His son Kevin recorded a version of this , which appeared on his album True . Montgomery produced Bobby Goldsboro 's 1968 number 1 hit `` Honey '' . Montgomery died on December 4 , 2014 , in Lee 's Summit , Missouri , of Parkinson 's disease , at the age of 77 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68a90726e703d9bcb246ddcdf32ffc35", "text": "Kalmar and Ruby Kalmar and Ruby refers to the famous songwriting team of the first half of the 20th century of Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ab939347cad89e775eeede05965d46", "text": "Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers . The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration . Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks . n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others . Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials . Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization . In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84b794554ba618abfc074c54ffd31b8", "text": "Jay Orpin Jay Orpin ( born April 29 , 1976 in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a Swedish and Finnish songwriter and producer . He also writes songs and produced for Backstreet Boys , NSYNC , Robyn , Ace of Base , Bon Jovi , 2gether and Britney Spears , and later he produced songs for Good Charlotte , Sum 41 , Simple Plan , Hawthorne Heights , Red Jumpsuit Apparatus , My Chemical Romance , Tokio Hotel , Lindsay Lohan , Dashboard Confessional , All American Rejects , Fall Out Boy , AFI , Evanescence , Hollywood Undead , t.A.T.u. , Yellowcard , Hannah Montana , Linkin Park , Bullet for My Valentine and Taking Back Sunday . Most of his music is under the influence of today 's modern pop punk , dance-punk , and emo music , but he does write some pop and hip-hop music as well . He also teamed up with Travis Barker in 2007 , remixing popular hip-hop singles such as Throw Some D 's , Party Like a Rockstar , and Crank That Soulja Boy . Even though he has written some of the works of some of the aforementioned artists , he is not one of the main producers of many of these artists and he chooses not to put his credit for his work . An original song written by such composer to be cited is yet to be found , however some has claimed an abbreviation of his name in one of the albums . In late 2008 , he has decided to move in a small town near Oulu , Finland to raise his family and is a high school teacher and does accounting for bill paying in the summer to support the family , along with music production projects part-time , but he still continues to produce music today , but not as much as he used to . He did come back to help write a few new songs , such as In My Head by Jason Derulo . He has quit his part-time job in accounting to allow more time back in the music production business , to make a revival . One of his most prominent projects is producing the band and influencing the style of the American band Hawthorne Heights . He did some marketing and helped the band members make a more marketable sound , by making the sound of the earlier albums he helped produced Bon Jovi with Max Martin and adding the rock flavor to it . That rock sound made the two premier Hawthorne Heights albums become massively popular . One of his biggest masterpieces , Ohio Is for Lovers made a massive sensation throughout adolescence as an anthem of teen angst . Hawthorne Heights has cited the producer with the slogan `` Pop is Dead '' in advertisement , to generally prove that the manufactured boy band pop era is dead along with a protest of his production of many corporate pop punk bands that made the charts around 2004 . While most of the music he produces is generally American , he produces bands from Germany , Russia , France , Sweden , Canada , Finland , Australia , and the United Kingdom . His work for t.A.T.u. and Tokio Hotel made the popularity of t.A.T.u. rise in Finland and Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef9c562448d126a94d4629561254ca5", "text": "1001 Songs 1001 Songs : The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists , Stories and Secrets Behind Them is a compendium of notable popular recordings collected by Australian rock journalist and critic Toby Creswell . The book was initially published in 2005 by Hardie Grant Books ( Prahran , Victoria ) and subsequently published in the United States by Thunder 's Mouth Press ( an imprint of the Avalon Publishing Group ) in 2006 . It is a very personal collection with quite an Australian bias , and some of the choices and comments are probably quite controversial . It is not a collection of songs , but of the stories behind what Creswell considers are the great songs of all time -- from George Gershwin to Missy Elliott , from Bob Dylan to Alicia Keys , from Frank Sinatra to The Offspring , from Leonard Cohen to Pulp . The book also features over 400 photographs and album covers . 1001 Songs is used extensively by Brian Nankervis , creator , producer and adjudicator , of SBS program RocKwiz as a source of information for questions on the show . In the foreword to the book Creswell states the main research source was All Music Guide , which was consulted for release dates , songwriting credits and album listings , together with the website , Rock 's Backpages . Creswell wrote his first article on rock & roll for Nation Review in 1972 . He subsequently wrote articles about all aspects of popular culture and music for RAM , Billboard , Roadrunner and a range of national and international magazines and newspapers . He has worked for MTV and a variety of television programs as a writer and presenter . In 1985 he became editor of the Australian edition of Rolling Stone and two years later was in a partnership which took over the franchise . He continued to edit Rolling Stone until September 1992 . He was a founding editor of Juice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7efed4d0ea89677979e27fc917877ff2", "text": "Jean F. Cochois Jean F. Cochois aka The Timewriter is a German house record producer . His trademark style can be characterised by its dense and atmospheric sound . UK Muzik magazine wrote : `` This is real 21st century soul music , overflowing with magic '' . Under various pseudonyms he has been releasing 12 '' and artist albums on labels as Plastic City , Mole Listening Pearls , Elektrolux and American labels such as Wave Music , Driftwood , and Fiji . He amalgamates the deep soul of Motown with synthetic sound productions . While still at boarding school , he eagerly explored the field of composition and became familiar with diverse musical styles . Cochois first entered the music scene in 1994 when he began working with label Plastic City , based in Mannheim . His debut 12 '' was released in 1995 on Plastic City . He looked up to bands like Depeche Mode , Tears for Fears , Kraftwerk , Gary Numan , Thomas Dolby , Alan Parsons , Vangelis and Jean Michele Jarre . Motown artists like Bobby Womack , Marvin Gaye or The Four Tops are also among his heroes . Other important sources of inspiration are Roxy Music and Marillion . In some of his songs influence of Michael Stearns is noticeable but he never confirmed this . He has worked for artists such as Enigma , the ex-Kraftwerk member Wolfgang Flür ( Yamo ) , Mike Oldfield , Yello , Faithless and Boy George to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "422b888820fc4661ac6c29a0822f9313", "text": "Gisle Saga Gisle Saga is a Norwegian music producer and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce3a6ab4c59c42f9d0ff822768ca961", "text": "Songwriters Association of Canada The Songwriters Association of Canada ( SAC ) is a Canadian organization dedicated exclusively to Canadian composers , lyricists and songwriters . Their mission is to develop and protect the creative and business environments for songwriters in Canada and around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "401bc59b733bbee352664c78286ef337", "text": "Tim & Bob Tim & Bob ( Tim Kelley and Bob Robinson ) , also known as Funktwons , are Grammy Award-winning songwriting musicians and a Hip-hop/R & B production duo . Tim & Bob have discovered and or worked on some of the biggest artists in the music industry and has helped develop the Atlanta music scene as it is widely known for today . They have won three Grammy Awards amongst twelve nominations and have sold more than 300 million albums worldwide making them one of the most successful producer duos in music history . They are among the most consistent urban producers in the last 18 years , earning a spot on Billboard 's top ten list of producers almost every year since 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aabc0ecb9db1085600c3aa801c31ced1", "text": "The Highwaymen (country supergroup) The Highwaymen was a country music supergroup composed of four of the genre 's biggest artists well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country subgenre : Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Kris Kristofferson . Active as a group between 1985 and 1995 , these four artists recorded three major label albums as The Highwaymen : two on Columbia Records and one for Liberty Records . Their Columbia works produced three chart singles , including the number one `` Highwayman '' in 1985 . Between the years of 1996 and 1999 , Nelson , Kristofferson , Cash , and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the Louis L'Amour Collection , a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company , although the four were not credited as `` The Highwaymen '' in this work . Besides the four formal members of the group , only one other vocal recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording : Johnny Rodriguez , who provided Spanish vocal on `` Deportee '' , a Woody Guthrie composition , from `` Highwayman '' . The four original members starred in a movie together : the 1986 film Stagecoach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d256fc92ec7e45267871b412a0477cb7", "text": "Kriswontwo Kriswontwo is a Danish producer from Copenhagen . Georgia Anne Muldrow said the following about the Scandinavian producer : `` Kriswontwo is gifted with the ability to trust and fully follow through on his instinct ; He polishes up his work with great attention to detail but he does n't sacrifice the rawness of his original idea . It takes a whole lot of talent and discipline to be able to make that initial kneejerk reaction the centerpiece of such an elegant sound . '' In 2016 a youtube video surfaced showing Yasiin Bey ( fka . Mos Def ) working on lyrics to a beat by Kriswontwo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d7e0370da4986ba9c7f1cb30ef2cb8", "text": "Sandy Linzer Sandy Linzer ( born 1941 ) is an American songwriter , lyricist , and record producer , who is best known for his songwriting collaborations with Denny Randell and Bob Crewe in the 1960s and 1970s . He co-wrote hits including `` A Lover 's Concerto '' , `` Let 's Hang On ! '' , `` Working My Way Back to You '' , `` Breakin ' Down The Walls Of Heartache '' , `` Native New Yorker '' , and `` Use It Up and Wear It Out '' . He was nominated with Randell for induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame ( SHOF ) in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f59ff51d24a95eddeec7c45de96008a9", "text": "Tony Stone (music producer) Tony Stone ( born 1982 ) is an American music producer and project developer for Christian hip hop artists . He has produced the music to hundreds of songs in the genre . He is currently the Project Manager for Reflection Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c5a657922ae9fdd434edf5d5b87ed03", "text": "Lyrics Of Two Lyrics Of Two is a band from Los Angeles , California , United States . The band was founded by lyricist , songwriter , and sociologist Marie Helen Abramyan , who is also a classically trained pianist . Her training began with her uncle Ashot Abramyan , a notable violinist of the Utah Symphony , after whom the Abramyan String Quartet was founded . Lyrics Of Two have scored many chart-topping , award-winning songs , and have been recognized as `` one of the most innovative and original bands from Los Angeles . '' Lyrics Of Two have held the # 1 spot consecutively on the Deli Music Charts in the category of mainstream pop in Los Angeles and also held the # 1 spot for the entire west coast region of the Deli Music Charts for mainstream pop music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4265e5da30645419f40b741cafc64fcd", "text": "Curtis Richa Curtis Richa ( born Curtis Richardson ; November 6 , 1972 ) is an American songwriter , producer and A&R . He is the CEO of his own company Richamusikk and is also signed to Metronumm Musikk Publishing . He is one of the founding members of the production team The Conglomerate ( aka The Conglomm ) . In total , Curtis Richa is responsible for having written and/or produced albums that have sold in the excess of 28 million records worldwide . He has worked with Jennifer Lopez , Rihanna , Joss Stone , LL Cool J , Deborah Cox , Craig David and Jo Dee Messina . Richa has also worked with foreign superstars such as Kumi Koda , Tohoshinki , Agnes Carlsson , Naime Amuro , Christopher , Rainie Yang , Fady Malouf and Darin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a185a58a44caa1a41010a8a7e039e9", "text": "Me&John Me & John is a record production , engineering , mixing , and songwriting duo based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The duo is composed of Ryan Kondrat and John La Magna . The two have created music from a myriad of genres , ranging from dance , hip-hop , folk , and pop . The two met at school in 2002 . They began their career in the dance music scene as ghost writers for Jelo , Donald Glaude , and DJ Dan . They soon merged into the television and advertising side of the music industry working for Syndicate Sound in Toronto . At Syndicate Sound they were able to write music in a fully equipped professional studio , leveraging writing skills for studio time , they Produced and co-wrote Broken Social Scene presents Brendan Canning while simultaneously composing scores for Television and Film . Their next record With Shad , landed them a Polaris Prize shortlisting and a Juno for Hip Hop recording of the year . The two are currently Music Directors/Composers for Grayson Matthews in Toronto . Me & John have recently produced an Album for Lily Frost , Scored and Produced the soundtrack for Paul Schrider 's , The Canyons , with Brendan Canning , and just finished a New Documentary for Sony and Gran Turismo , KAZ : Pushing the Virtual Divide , that took home a gold , at London International in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e86261951ff569a0352df6b153d8548c", "text": "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends: The Publishing Demos Please Do n't Tell Me How The Story Ends : The Publishing Demos is the first release of the recording demos done by Kris Kristofferson between 1968 and 1972 while working as a janitor at Columbia Records . Many of these songs would later go on to be rerecorded on later Kristofferson albums or by other artists including Janis Joplin , Al Green , and Johnny Cash .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3968ba8af1b2ea8c37c29a31a21653bb", "text": "Janet (album) Janet ( stylized as janet . ) is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released on May 18 , 1993 , by Virgin Records America . Prior to its release , Jackson was at the center of a high-profile bidding war over her recording contract . In 1991 , her original label A&M sought to renew her contract , while others , such as Atlantic , Capitol , and Virgin all vied to sign her . After meeting with Virgin owner Richard Branson , she signed with the label for a $ 40 million contract , making her the world 's then-highest paid musical act . Criticism that her success in the music industry was attributed to being a member of the Jackson family and a producer-dependent artist led her to write all lyrics for the album , in addition to co-producing every song and co-writing each of their arrangements with the songwriting/production duo Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis . Its title , read `` Janet , period . '' , is meant to disassociate her public image from her family , dropping her surname . While pop and R&B had been standard components in her music , she broadened her compositions by incorporating hip hop , opera , house and jazz , eliminating the rigid , industrial sound of her previous records . Although she earned a reputation as an advocate for sexual abstinence with her 1986 single `` Let 's Wait Awhile '' , the theme of Janet is sexual intimacy -- an abrupt departure from her conservative image . Much of the acclaim for the album focused on her lyrics which emphasize a woman 's perspective on sexuality and the demand for practicing safe sex . Academics have argued the erotic imagery in her music videos released to promote the album 's singles have contributed to a higher degree of sexual freedom among women . The album topped the record charts in the United States , Australia , New Zealand and the UK . In the US , it became the singer 's third consecutive album to top the Billboard 200 and her first to debut at number one . Selling 350,000 copies in its first week , it set a record for the highest first week sales for a female artist at that time . Certified sixfold platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , it has sold over seven million copies in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan and an estimated 14 million copies worldwide . It cemented her as an international icon and sex symbol , and is listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the 200 Definitive Albums of All Time . According to Guinness World Records , it is the best-selling dance album of the 1990s . Producing six top ten hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart , Janet remains one of only seven albums in the chart 's history to achieve that feat . `` That 's the Way Love Goes '' became Jackson 's most successful single in the US , staying atop the Hot 100 for eight weeks , as well as topping the singles charts in Australia , Canada , and New Zealand . It received two Grammy Award nominations in 1994 , winning Best R&B Song . Her ballad `` Again '' -- written for the 1993 feature film Poetic Justice -- also topped the Hot 100 and garnered nominations for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song . The MTV-sponsored Janet World Tour supporting the album received critical acclaim for Jackson 's elaborate stage performances , reinforcing her reputation as one of the preeminent artists of the MTV generation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b15711d8714d483ee0abddde0b2a5d30", "text": "Janet Jackson Janet Damita Jo Jackson ( born May 16 , 1966 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer and actress . Known for sonically innovative , socially conscious , and sexually provocative records , elaborate stage shows , and high-profile television and film roles , she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 30 years . The youngest child of the Jackson family , she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s , including Good Times and Fame . After signing a recording contract with A&M Records in 1982 , she became a pop icon following the release of her third studio album Control ( 1986 ) . Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues , funk , disco , rap , and industrial beats , which led to crossover success in popular music . In 1991 Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records , establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry . Her debut album under the label , Janet ( 1993 ) , saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her work . That same year , she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice ; she has continued to act in feature films . By the end of the 1990s , she was the second most successful recording artist of the decade . The release of her seventh studio album All for You ( 2001 ) coincided with a celebration of her impact on popular music as the inaugural MTV Icon . After parting ways with Virgin she released her tenth studio album , Discipline ( 2008 ) , her first and only album with Island Records . In 2015 she partnered with BMG Rights Management to launch her own record label , Rhythm Nation , and released her eleventh studio album Unbreakable the same year . Having sold over 100 million records , Jackson is one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music . She has amassed an extensive catalog , with singles such as `` Nasty '' , `` Rhythm Nation '' , `` That 's the Way Love Goes '' , `` Together Again '' and `` All for You '' ; she holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 18 . In 2016 , Billboard placed her number seven on its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , and in 2010 ranked her fifth among the `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . In December 2016 , the magazine named her the second most successful dance club artist of all-time . One of the world 's most awarded artists , her longevity , records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music . She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9984050b693808d79fb05f5a314d2305", "text": "Jackie Jackson (album) Jackie Jackson is the self-titled debut album from Jackie Jackson , the eldest member of The Jackson 5 , released on Motown Records . It was arranged by Eddy Manson , Gene Page and The Corporation . Released on October 14 , 1973 , the album suffered from a lack of promotion and did not chart . It was his only full-length solo release for more than 15 years and his only solo album with Motown . `` Love Do n't Want to Leave '' has appeared on several Jackson 5 compilations ( including Anthology 76 , Anthology 86 and Soulsation ! ) , but the other tracks only appeared on the 33 rpm vinyl LP , which ranks among the more obscure releases in the Jackson family catalogue . The album features background vocals from the Jackson 5 on `` Did n't I ( Blow Your Mind This Time ) '' and the B-side opener `` Do I Owe '' . `` Is It Him or Me '' was sampled by Nas for his song `` War '' on his Street 's Disciple album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1610f01dc90988f1f0b386652b6f29ab", "text": "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer Teena Marie , released by Motown 's Gordy label on February 14 , 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059b43558003c53d189f8033c901c5d6", "text": "Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk . Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg . The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c9bd1462a91c4f0ea21d68d7f3a1ca", "text": "Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song) `` Come Back to Me '' is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson 's Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . It was written by Jackson , while James Harris III , and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song . The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago . It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18 , 1990 . Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled `` Vuelve a Mí '' . The song received positive reviews from most music critics , who praised Jackson 's sweet delivery and the song 's instrumentation ; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad . It became a commercial success on the charts , reaching the top three in Canada and the United States , while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom . The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris . The romantic video features Jackson 's former husband René Elizondo , Jr. . Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours , with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d5988d5f543e1938d156c7ec36f4a2", "text": "The Pleasure Principle (song) `` The Pleasure Principle '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson , recorded for her third studio album , Control ( 1986 ) . It was written by and produced by Monte Moir , and was released as the sixth single from the album on May 12 , 1987 by A&M Records . `` The Pleasure Principle '' is an `` independent woman '' anthem about love gone wrong built around a dance beat . The photo for the single cover was shot by fashion photographer David LaChapelle . The accompanying music video for `` The Pleasure Principle '' was directed by Dominic Sena . It depicts Jackson entering a loft wearing only a T-shirt and jeans to practice her dancing . The video was seen by critics as iconic , and was nominated at two categories at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards , eventually winning one . `` The Pleasure Principle '' was performed on many of Jackson 's tours , most recently on her 2015-2016 Unbreakable World Tour . The song was also performed on some promotional appearances , including at the 2006 Billboard Music Awards . In 2008 , Jackson 's lingerie line was named after the song . It has been included in two of Jackson 's greatest hits albums , Design of a Decade : 1986 -- 1996 ( 1995 ) and Number Ones ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7ae452c762147d2a85f605c044fcf6", "text": "La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family La Toya : Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson , and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski . The book was originally released on February 7 , 1991 , around the same time as Jackson 's seventh studio album No Relations . In this autobiography , Jackson accuses her father , Joseph , of child abuse , and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine , Randy , Tito , and Rebbie Jackson 's struggle under the spotlight . The Jackson family denied all of her allegations . At the time the book was written , Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon , who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a `` drama queen '' . Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon . On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father 's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children . The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s . The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List . In the weeks leading up to the release of the book , Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dbaa07f3368189288b2a7b3d076e3dc", "text": "A Motown Christmas A Motown Christmas is a Christmas music compilation album , originally released as a 2-LP set by Motown Records in 1973 . It contains various seasonal singles and album tracks recorded by some of the label 's artists from the 1960s and early 1970s . Much of the music had previously been collected on the 1968 UK compilation Merry Christmas from Motown . The music has several times been recycled into different packagings . In 1992 , the album was reissued on compact disc , with all 24 tracks from the original album on one CD . In 1999 , a new single-CD version was released , with a bonus track by Marvin Gaye added ( `` I Want to Come Home for Christmas '' ) . A second compilation , A Motown Christmas , Volume 2 , was issued on CD in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c6d6334e293d3070f8b8f433557fb84", "text": "Come into My Life (Jermaine Jackson album) Come into My Life is the second solo album from Jermaine Jackson . Released in 1973 , Come Into My Life charted during the summer of 1973 , hitting # 30 on R&B and # 152 on the pop charts . The album was arranged by Greg Poree , Fonce Mizell , Freddie Perren , H.B. Barnum , David Van DePitte , David Blumberg , James Anthony Carmichael and The Corporation . The cover photography was by Jim Britt with Berry Gordy being the executive producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce4b6f35eacd8aa9a4004de2791dc651", "text": "Keep Your Eye on Me Keep Your Eye on Me is a pop/R & B/dance album by Herb Alpert , released in 1987 . It contains two hit singles , `` Diamonds '' and `` Making Love in the Rain '' ( both featuring lead and background vocals by Janet Jackson and Lisa Keith ) . These Billboard Top 40 hits , along with the title track and `` Pillow '' ( featuring co-lead vocals by Alpert and singer/wife Lani Hall ) were produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis . The remainder of the album consists of tracks produced by Herb Alpert and various producers . Keep Your Eye On Me was constructed with Side 1 ( Tracks 1-5 ) featuring uptempo songs , while Side 2 ( Tracks 6-10 ) featured down tempo songs and ballads . All trumpet solos were played by Herb Alpert . The album was released on CD by A&M Records in 1987 , along with extended CD singles of the title track and `` Diamonds '' . It was re-released on September 12 , 2013 in a download-only version available exclusively through Alpert 's official website , HerbAlpertPresents.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78e1436e2e6da6f0d9a532483a021ad8", "text": "Just a Little While `` Just a Little While '' is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released as the lead single from her eighth studio album , Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Written by Jackson and Dallas Austin , the song fuses pop with elements of rock , dance , and funk , and is a reflection of Jackson 's new-found happiness . The song leaked ahead of its scheduled release , causing Jackson 's record company to rush with a music video and promotion . It was released following Jackson 's controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident on February 2 , 2004 , as the lead single from Damita Jo . `` Just a Little While '' received favorable reception from critics , who felt its elements of rock and dance-pop would ensure success . However , following the Super Bowl incident , Jackson 's singles and music videos were blacklisted on many radio formats and music channels worldwide , affecting the song 's performance . Although its success in the US was limited , peaking at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 , it peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . Internationally , it was more successful , reaching the top ten in Belgium , Canada , and Spain and the top twenty in Australia and The United Kingdom . It peaked at number one in Japan for five weeks , and was the year 's second-biggest hit on Japan 's international airplay chart . The song 's music video , directed by Dave Meyers , was released exclusively in international territories due to the controversy surrounding Jackson at the time . It portrays Jackson filming a DVD for her boyfriend in a futuristic apartment setting , displaying her multiple personae . An alternate live video , filmed in London , was included on Jackson 's From janet . to Damita Jo compilation . Jackson performed the song on television shows including Top of the Pops , Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! , and Festivalbar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57457fe29912a37df43764c155783826", "text": "La Roux discography English singer and songwriter La Roux has released two studio albums , one mix album , two extended plays , one mixtape , five singles , two promotional singles and seven music videos . La Roux was originally formed as a duo in 2006 , consisting of Elly Jackson and Ben Langmaid . They first collaborated on the acoustic project Automan before opting to switch to a musical style similar to that of Prince , David Bowie and The Knife , naming their new project La Roux . The duo 's eponymous debut studio album was released in June 2009 , reaching number two on the UK Albums Chart and number seven on the Irish Albums Chart . The album was eventually certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) and the Irish Recorded Music Association ( IRMA ) . In 2011 , La Roux won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album . Four singles were released from the album : `` Quicksand '' , `` In for the Kill '' , `` Bulletproof '' and `` I 'm Not Your Toy '' . `` Bulletproof '' peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and was certified gold by the BPI . Following Langmaid 's departure from La Roux , Jackson released her second studio album , Trouble in Paradise , in July 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f389bb3c5da03911ef23eeeaba92b9b", "text": "J Is for Jackson 5 J Is for Jackson 5 is a compilation of music from The Jackson 5 . The album was released under Universal Motown 's `` Universal Music Family '' line , compiling hits suitable for children and their parents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532356e0c668f944bfd340dc0751bd9f", "text": "Two to One Two to One is Thelma Houston 's seventh studio album released on Motown Records in June 1978 . It was her second duets album with Jerry Butler , composed of only two left-over duets from their Thelma & Jerry album from the previous year , `` If It Would Never End '' , `` Never Gon na Get Enough '' and `` Elliot Willensky '' , padded out with previously unreleased solo recordings by each singer , Houston 's `` Find a Way '' , `` I 'm Not Strong Enough to Love You Again '' and `` Do n't Pity Me '' , while Butler 's tracks included `` We Owe It to Ourselves '' , `` Never Gon na Get Enough '' and `` Chicago Send Her Home '' . The album failed to chart . It was released on CD in 2013 as a 2-LPs-on-1-CD package with the Thelma & Jerry album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b57ca4e802c616a2b5c844dea07a9ab4", "text": "Ruth Negga Ruth Negga ( -LSB- ˈneɪgə -RSB- born 7 January 1982 ) is an Ethiopian born Irish actress , who has appeared in the films Capital Letters ( 2004 ) ( also released as Trafficked in some countries ) , Isolation ( 2005 ) , Breakfast on Pluto ( 2005 ) and Warcraft ( 2016 ) . She has also played roles in television , such as in the BBC 's mini-series Criminal Justice , RTÉ 's Love/Hate , E4 's Misfits , and ABC 's Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . In 2016 , she began a starring role as Tulip O'Hare in AMC 's Preacher . For her portrayal of Mildred Loving in Loving ( 2016 ) , Negga was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress , Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama , Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead and Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress , as well as the BAFTA Rising Star Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f63d2c349fe80ff32a14478699553468", "text": "Carol Ann Lee Carol Ann Lee ( born 1969 ) is an English author and biographer who has written extensively on Anne Frank , the Holocaust and on the crimes of Moors Murderers Myra Hindley and Ian Brady . Her tenth book , Evil Relations ( 2012 ) , was nominated for the CWA Gold Dagger Award for Non-Fiction . Written in conjunction with David Smith , chief prosecution witness in the Moors Murders case it details , for the first time , Smith 's story in full . In 2012 Lee published A Fine Day for a Hanging , a reexamination of Ruth Ellis 's life story and the facts surrounding her trial for the murder of David Blakely and subsequent execution . She is currently published by Mainstream Publishing , an associate of Random House . Carol Ann was born in Wakefield , West Riding of Yorkshire . She studied History of Art and Design at university in Manchester and then followed her early interest , interviewing Holocaust survivors and working at the Manchester Jewish Museum . Her first book was published three years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "783d843ec7582de5706282fced41b856", "text": "Ruth Coleman Ruth Nancy Coleman ( 27 September 1931 -- 27 March 2008 ) was an Australian Senator who represented the Australian Labor Party for the state of Western Australia . She served as a Senator for 14 years , from 18 May 1974 to 5 June 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f25db307c88194e134688bc6a1b08e", "text": "Ruth Gibson Ruth Gibson is a British actress , most notable for voicing Little My in the English version of the Moomins on the Riviera animated film and Sabrina Glevissig in The Witcher series . She has also appeared in Babylon ( TV series ) , Doctors ( 2000 TV series ) and Judge John Deed as well as numerous stage plays including Blood Brothers ( musical ) in West End theatre and The Kitchen at the Royal National Theatre . In 2010 she won ` Best Actress in a Leading Role ' in the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards . She is the Voice of EE Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "217f91b78f2fd4922b8931e6d119a130", "text": "Mombi The Wicked Witch of the North , named Mombi , is a fictional character in L. Frank Baum 's classic children 's series of Oz Books . She is the most significant antagonist in the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1904 ) , and is alluded to in other works . Mombi plays a very important role in the fictional history of Oz . The character was originally presented as a lowly hag who had enchanted Princess Ozma in order to prevent her from ascending to the throne . Later in the series , L. Frank Baum specified that she had once conquered and ruled the Gillikin Country , as the Wicked Witch of the North , only to be deposed by the Good Witch of the North . Furthermore , Mombi had enslaved Ozma 's father ( King Pastoria ) and grandfather , thereby removing the Royal Family of Oz , and enabling herself and the Wicked Witches of the East , West and South to conquer and divide the land between them . After forcing her to disenchant Princess Ozma , Glinda the Good Witch of the South made Mombi drink a powerful draught that stripped the old witch of all her magic powers . Mombi did n't make any further appearances in L. Frank Baum 's books . In Ruth Plumly Thompson 's The Lost King of Oz , the witch raises havoc once again , and at the end of the book , in a rare act of Ozite capital punishment , Mombi is ruthlessly doused with water and melts away like the Wicked Witch of the West , so that nothing is left of her but her buckled shoes . L. Frank Baum never said that all witches in Oz would die upon contact with water , but Ruth Plumly Thompson and several subsequent writers such as Rachel Payes had made that conclusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eed0aa869f246fa1938fe954a827197", "text": "Vilna Gaon Elijah ben Solomon Zalman , ( ר ' אליהו בן שלמה זלמן Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman ) known as the Vilna Gaon ( דער װילנער גאון , Vilniaus Gaonas ) or Elijah of Vilna , or by his Hebrew acronym HaGra ( `` HaGaon Rabbenu Eliyahu '' ) or Elijah Ben Solomon , ( Sialiec , April 23 , 1720 -- Vilnius October 9 , 1797 ) , was a Talmudist , halakhist , kabbalist , and the foremost leader of mitnagdic ( non-hasidic ) Jewry of the past few centuries . He is commonly referred to in Hebrew as ha-Gaon he-Chasid mi-Vilna , `` the saintly genius from Vilnius '' . Through his annotations and emendations of Talmudic and other texts he became one of the most familiar and influential names in rabbinic study since the Middle Ages , counted by many among the sages known as the Acharonim , and ranked by some with the even more revered Rishonim of the Middle Ages . Large groups of people , including many yeshivas , uphold the set of Jewish customs and rites ( minhag ) , the `` minhag ha-Gra '' , which is named for him , and which is also considered by many to be the prevailing Ashkenazi minhag in Jerusalem . Born in Sielec in the Brest Litovsk Voivodeship ( today Sialiec , Belarus ) , the Gaon displayed extraordinary talent while still a child . By the time he was twenty years old , rabbis were submitting their most difficult halakhic problems to him for legal rulings . He was a prolific author , writing such works as glosses on the Babylonian Talmud and Shulchan Aruch known as Bi'urei ha-Gra ( `` Elaborations by the Gra '' ) , a running commentary on the Mishnah , Shenoth Eliyahu ( `` The Years of Elijah '' ) , and insights on the Pentateuch entitled Adereth Eliyahu ( `` The Splendor of Elijah '' ) , published by his son . Various Kabbalistic works have commentaries in his name , and commentaries on the Proverbs and other books of the Tanakh were written later on in his life . None of his manuscripts were published in his lifetime . When Hasidic Judaism became influential in his native town , the Vilna Gaon joined the `` opposers '' or Mitnagdim , rabbis and heads of the Polish communities , to curb Hasidic influence . In 1777 , one of the first excommunications against the nascent Hasidic movement was launched in Vilna . He encouraged his students to study natural sciences , and even translated geometry books to Yiddish and Hebrew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eea5f4387176ecb8f920124c41b34bfb", "text": "Martha Neumark Martha Neumark ( 1904 -- 1981 ) was an important figure in the history of women 's ordination as rabbis . She was the daughter of a professor at Hebrew Union College , and in 1921 she became the first female student at Hebrew Union College to declare her desire to become a rabbi . That year she requested a High Holiday pulpit for the next year , just as her male classmates would receive . The president of the college told its board of governors that it made sense that if she did preach and complete the required courses , she should be ordained ; this touched off a debate on women 's ordination , as no woman had ever been ordained as a rabbi . The faculty approved her preaching if the congregation in question did not object , but later forbid it as she failed one of her courses . However , the debate on women 's ordination she had sparked continued . In 1922 Neumark and her father attended the Central Conference of American Rabbis Conference , where she succeeded in convincing the CCAR to ordain women rabbis . The CCAR declared in a responsa in 1922 , '' ... woman can not justly be denied the privilege of ordination , '' having voted 56 to 11 in favor of that statement . Yet the board of the college still refused to consider women for ordination , voting ( as Neumark recalled ) six laymen to two rabbis against it . Neumark thus earned a qualification as a religious school principal instead of ordination , though she had spent 7 and a half years in rabbinical school . In 1925 Martha 's article `` The Woman Rabbi : An Autobiographical Sketch of the First Woman Rabbinical Candidate , '' was published in the Jewish Tribune and Hebrew Standard . Some of her personal papers are now held in the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives at Hebrew Union College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e2e619e47fe11c5e6c26675c43a9c81", "text": "Gitl Schaechter-Viswanath Gitl Schaechter-Viswanath ( born 1958 ) is a Yiddish-language poet who was born in The Bronx , New York , USA . She grew up in a Yiddish-speaking home and attended Yiddish schools as a child . She began writing poetry , much of which was published in the journals Yugntruf and Afn Shvel , in 1980 . Several poems were published in English and Yiddish in Hadassah magazine , the literary journal Five Fingers Review , and various anthologies . While her poems range widely in subject matter , her lyric technique is remarkably consistent . She tends towards short poems of no more than two pages , exploring single incidents or observations fully but using highly compressed language . She uses rhyme in many but not all poems , and varies rhyme scheme within a poem when necessary . She uses a variety of meter as well as unmetered verse . While her technique produces poems of unusual intensity , they are leavened with playfulness and puns . Her subject matter includes big questions such as marriage and grief ; and small questions such as baking a failed loaf of bread . A poem about the day following the September 11 , 2001 attacks is eerily still . Her 2003 book Plutsemdiker Regn/Sudden Rain is a bilingual edition of about 40 of her poems in Yiddish and English . Although Schaechter-Viswanath is a native speaker of both languages , she does not write poetry in English and does not translate her own Yiddish works into English . Her translators are Zackary Sholem Berger , himself a poet in both English and Yiddish , and Jeffrey Shandler , associate professor of Jewish Studies at Rutgers University and a well-known translator . The magazine Hadassah called her poems `` introspective and witty , '' and the book was hailed as `` that rarest of miracles : a first book of poetry in which every poem is a gem '' by the Newsletter of the Association of Jewish Libraries . Schaechter-Viswanath 's intellectual pursuits have been widely varied : she earned degrees in Jewish literature , Russian language , nursing and health administration . She works as a clinical consultant in health care and remains active in Yiddish cultural endeavors . She lives in Teaneck , New Jersey , with her husband and three children , and practices Orthodox Judaism . Her children all speak Yiddish as well as their father 's first language , Tamil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67c8eeeca5672f47fa83d05b35ea02c2", "text": "Niggerati The Niggerati was the name used , with deliberate irony , by Wallace Thurman for the group of young African American artists and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance . `` Niggerati '' is a portmanteau of `` nigger '' and `` literati '' . The rooming house where he lived , and where that group often met , was similarly christened Niggerati Manor . The group included Zora Neale Hurston , Langston Hughes , and several of the people behind Thurman 's journal FIRE !! ( which lasted for one issue in 1926 ) , such as Richard Bruce Nugent ( the associate editor of the journal ) , Jonathan Davis , Gwendolyn Bennett , and Aaron Douglas . At a time when sexism and homophobia were common , and when the African American bourgeoisie sought to distance itself from the slavery of the past and seek social equality and racial integration , the Niggerati themselves appeared to be relatively comfortable with their diversity of gender , skin colour , and background . After producing FIRE !! , which failed because of a lack of funding , Thurman persuaded the Niggerati to produce another magazine , Harlem . This , too , lasted only a single issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c2cb8dab4f98831df8b465e4bd5239", "text": "Negasso Gidada Dr. Negasso Gidada Solon ( ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ Nägaso Gidada ; born 3 September 1943 ) was the President of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001 . He is the son of Gidada Solon , one of the first local ministers of a Protestant church in the Dembidolo area in western Ethiopia . Dr. Nagasso holds a doctorate in social history from the Goethe University in Frankfurt-am-Main and is currently a part-time lecturer of history at Addis Ababa University . The title of his doctoral thesis is `` History of the Sayyoo Oromo of Southwestern Wallaga , Ethiopia , from about 1730 to 1886 '' . He is married to Regina Abelt , a German nurse and midwife . Being the First Lady of Ethiopia while holding the German Citizenship earned Abelt considerable , yet unwanted , attention by the German and European tabloid press . In marked contrast , Regina Abelt was virtually invisible in Ethiopia and never enjoyed the official title of First Lady which was instead used by the wife of the Prime Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b5d2afc998f95646d0d4cab42a11ea", "text": "Ruth Carnall Dame Ruth Carnall ( born 1956 ) was the last Chief Executive of NHS London before it was abolished in 2013 . She was described by the Health Service Journal as one of the NHS 's most senior and respected leaders . She is a member of the Honours Committee of the Cabinet Office and was herself created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2011 Birthday Honours . She is a trustee of the King 's Fund . Her first job in the NHS was in finance at St Mary 's Hospital , London in 1977 . Her first chief executive job was in Hastings . She became the regional director for the South East - where she was a civil servant - in 2000 . She was appointed chair of the success regime programme board in Northern , Eastern and Western Devon in October 2015 . She is a partner in management consultancy Carnall Farrar , the company which will deliver the `` diagnostic phase '' of the project . She was subsequently reckoned by the Health Service Journal to be the 37th most influential person in the English NHS in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6311228a09a6477cd6b0a54f22922d32", "text": "Negash Negash is a village in the Tigray Region ( or kilil ) of Ethiopia , which straddles the Adigrat-Mekele road ( Ethiopian Highway 2 ) 10 kilometers north of Wukro . Located in Wukro woreda , this settlement has a longitude and latitude of . Negash is known as the earliest Muslim settlement in Africa ; a seventh-century cemetery has been excavated inside the village boundaries . The Futuh al-Habasha records Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi visited the tomb of Ashama ibn Abjar in Negash during his invasion of the province of Tigray ( around 1537 ) . Negash is also known for the Negash Amedin Mesgid mosque . In the statistical tables of the 2007 census published by the Central Statistical Agency , the kebele Negash is located in is reported to have a total population of 7,753 of whom 3,607 are men and 4,146 women ; they are distributed amongst 1,689 households in 1,626 housing units . Although it 's known for its particular relationship with Islam , 98.2 % of the population follows the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , the 1.1 % of the population is Protestant , and the remaining 0.7 % is Muslim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42f90f79a9a6fa0a3d4ae31de3aed895", "text": "Zimbabwean jazz Zimbabwean Jazz , also known as Afro Jazz was developed in the 20th century . Its history can be traced from its early colonial era . It was influenced by a style of township rhythm that evolved in a southern part of Africa over the last century . One can also trace similarities from Kwela , a pennywhistle-based , street music from the southern part of Africa with jazzy underpinnings and a distinctive , skiffle-like beat . Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa , together with the local South African sounds . In Chichewa , the word Kwela has a very similar meaning to the South African meaning : `` to climb '' . The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi , where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Kwela music . It is also closely related to Marabi which was the name given to a keyboard style ( often using cheap pedal organs ) that had a musical link to American jazz , ragtime and blues , with roots deep in the African tradition . Early Marabi musicians were part of an underground musical culture and were typically not recorded . An example of such an artist in the early 1940s is August Musarurwa of the Skokiaan fame . It has continued to develop and you can even see traits of this music in his grandson Prince Kudakwashe Musarurwa . This music was often played in townships ( segregated parts of suburban areas ) . During colonial years of Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for black citizens within the boundaries of a city or town , and is still commonly used colloquially . But In modern Zimbabwe it is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point . These townships you would find `` Shebeens '' . Shebeens are most often located in townships as an alternative to pubs and bars . In the colonial error indigenous Africans were barred from entering pubs or bars reserved for those of European descent . Originally shebeens were operated illegally by women who were called Shebeen Queens and was itself a revival of the African tradition that assigned the role of alcohol brewing to women . The Shebeen Queens would sell home brewed and home-distilled alcohol and provided patrons with a place to meet and discuss political and social issues . Often , patrons and owners were arrested by the police , though the shebeens were frequently reopened because of their importance in unifying the community and providing a safe place for discussion . During the colonial error era shebeens became a crucial meeting place for activists , some attracting working class activists and community members , while others attracted lawyers , doctors and musicians . Shebeens also provided music and dancing , allowing patrons to express themselves culturally , which helped give rise to and support for the musical genre called Township Jazz which we now call Afro Jazz or Zimbabwean Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e25009d4392454670750e0209526f49", "text": "Primer Encuentro de Mujeres Negras de América Latina y El Caribe Primer Encuentro de Mujeres Negras de América Latina y El Caribe ( First Meeting of Latin American and Caribbean Women Negras ) was an international conference of 300 representatives from 32 ( 70 is also mentioned ) countries , which occurred 19 -- 25 July 1992 in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic . One of its organizers was Ochy Curiel , an Afro-Dominican feminist academic . One of the outcomes of the meeting was an announcement to commemorate July 25th annually as `` Día Internacional de las Mujeres negras Afrolatinoamericanas , caribeñas y de la diáspora '' ( International Day of Black Women of Afro-Latin America , the Caribbean , and the Diaspora ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af228534c5d4c9f21f7d1f877abdffd7", "text": "Ruth Pointer Ruth Pointer ( born March 19 , 1946 ) is an American R&B / Soul singer and eldest member of the vocal group The Pointer Sisters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf1ba2d57fb6e059edb3b4de227d9a53", "text": "Ruth Howard (artist) Ruth Howard is a Canadian artist who creates large-scale arts and theatre projects with urban communities and has been called `` a key figure in the Canadian Community Play movement '' . She is currently the artistic director of Jumblies Theatre , a company she founded in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d74e16d0243806e4ca786fdd8ff3643", "text": "Rebbetzin Rebbetzin or Rabbanit is the title used for the wife of a rabbi , typically from the Orthodox , or Haredi , and Hasidic Jewish groups . The Yiddish word has a trilingual etymology : Hebrew rebbə `` master '' , plus the Slavic feminine suffix - itsa and the German feminine suffix - in . In many Chassidic courts , Rebbetzins are considered to be spiritual counselors , and give blessings . In circles such as the Hassidic dynasty of Belz , the girls schools are run by the rebbetzin . The rabbi 's wife plays an important community role , especially in small communities . In many ways , she is called on to be as knowledgeable as the rabbi in the realm of woman 's observances : in this manner , for something that does not require a psak ( ruling ) , she can be approached when a woman does not feel comfortable approaching the rabbi , or where the rabbi maybe should not be approached . For instance , the rebbetzin may often be the `` mikvah lady '' and help with more mundane questions regarding the laws of niddah . Part of it , certainly , is that she always has the rabbi 's ear , and that she would know if the question needs to be asked , in order to get a psak . When a rabbi is a `` pulpit rabbi , '' ( versus a teacher or a `` lay rabbi '' ) his wife becomes something of a first lady of the community and performs social tasks and `` outreach '' roles , freeing her husband to attend to rabbinical duties . With the growth of independent scholarship among Orthodox women , some women have informally received the title on their own merit , irrespective of their husbands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "000dc9361802e90597fa073f1a0a7aae", "text": "Ruth Stout Ruth Imogen Stout ( June 14 , 1884 -- August 22 , 1980 ) was an American author best known for her `` No-Work '' gardening books and techniques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22d355b5119147b7d3ad2a1ca61074dd", "text": "Rainmaker (business) In business , a rainmaker is a person who brings in new business and wins new accounts almost by magic , since it is often not readily apparent how this new business activity is caused . It means generating substantial new business or additional cash flow from sources sometimes outside established business channels , sometimes by connecting with people in non-traditional or hidden markets , and sometimes by prompting current clients to spend more money . A rainmaker is usually a key figure in the business or organization , not merely a salesperson , but a principal or executive who is usually highly regarded within the enterprise . The origin of the business sense of rainmaker may be an allusion to the Native American practice of dancing to encourage deities to bring forth the rain necessary for crops . In summertime during a drought , for instance , the rainmaker would dance and sing songs on the plains , and the activity was believed by others in the tribe to magically cause clouds to come and bring the life-giving rain . By analogy , a business rainmaker would magically bring new business and clients to a firm or generate more revenue from existing customers and donors , and rain is a metaphor for money . An example was the late advertising agency executive Frederick D. Sulcer who was described as a rainmaker after bringing numerous new accounts to the agency . According to one view , the role of the rainmaker is to find a dormant business problem and then create a vision of what life could be like if that problem were solved . The term rainmaking is also applied to political fund-raising ; for example , United States president Barack Obama was described as a rainmaker in his effort to raise money for other politicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaf3318c754c9421c10c4e2dea1180c8", "text": "Shegetz Shegetz ( שייגעץ or in Hebrew שֵׁיְגֶּץ ; alternative Romanizations incl . shaygetz , sheigetz , shaigetz , sheygets ; plural שקצים shkotzim , shgatzim ) is a Yiddish word that has entered English to refer to a non-Jewish boy or young man . It is often used disparagingly . The word shegetz , like its feminine counterpart shiksa , comes from the Hebrew sheketz ( `` detestable , '' `` abomination '' , `` loathed '' , `` blemish '' ) and literally translates as `` rascal '' , `` scoundrel '' or `` varmint '' . In modern times its pejorative connotations range from negligible to severe , depending on the context . In former times , it was common practice for Ashkenazi Jews , that is , Jews in Eastern Europe who were harassed by youths to label their tormentors shkotzim . Nacham Grossbard of Haifa , writing in the Memorial Book for the Community of Ciechanów ( 1962 ) , recounted these memories of his early years in Poland : `` At the finish of the match , as soon as the whistle blows , we Jewish boys run as fast as we can , out of breath , all the way home in order not to have stones thrown at us or be hit by the shkotzim ( non-Jewish boys ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f75ff22d2811a87e121cf523d6815a32", "text": "Nefesh (group) Nefesh , literally meaning in Hebrew `` Soul '' , is a networking organization for Torah-observant mental health professionals internationally . Nefesh was founded in 1992 , to bring Orthodox Jewish professionals and rabbis together to address mental health issues that in a professional and communal environment . There are over 750 members worldwide . Notable member and rabbinic advisers include Rabbi Dovid Cohen , Rabbi Dr. Abraham Twerski and Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb . The main office is located in Brooklyn and the current president is Rabbi Simcha Feuerman . There are additional chapters in Australia , Beverly Hills , Israel , Canada , United Kingdom and South America . There are national and international conferences held on an annual basis since 2001 . In the past , these conferences have taken place in New York , Miami , Baltimore , Norfolk and Israel . In addition , international workshops dealing with contemporary issues have taken place in many of these locations . These conferences and workshops are approved for continuing education by the State Board Office of New York .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "690392acbd9e3fccd35edfeb4d29c7c7", "text": "Katharine Hepburn Katharine Houghton Hepburn ( May 12 , 1907 -- June 29 , 2003 ) was an American actress . Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality , Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years . She appeared in a range of genres , from screwball comedy to literary drama , and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress -- a record for any performer . In 1999 , Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema . Raised in Connecticut by wealthy , progressive parents , Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College . After four years in the theatre , favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood . Her early years in the film industry were marked with success , including an Academy Award for her third picture , Morning Glory ( 1933 ) , but this was followed by a series of commercial failures that led her to be labeled `` box office poison '' in 1938 . Hepburn masterminded her own comeback , buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story , which she sold on the condition that she be the star . In the 1940s , she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy . The screen-partnership spanned 25 years and produced nine movies . Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life , as she regularly appeared in Shakespearean stage productions and tackled a range of literary roles . She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters , such as in The African Queen ( 1951 ) , a persona the public embraced . Three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner ( 1967 ) , The Lion in Winter ( 1968 ) , and On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) . In the 1970s , she began appearing in television films , which became the focus of her career in later life . She remained active into old age , making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87 . After a period of inactivity and ill health , Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96 . Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine and refused to conform to society 's expectations of women . She was outspoken , assertive , athletic , and wore trousers before it was fashionable for women to do so . She married once , as a young woman , but thereafter lived independently . A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public . With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen , Hepburn epitomized the `` modern woman '' in the 20th-century United States and is remembered as an important cultural figure .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fcdff987bcf0f12a891bc2bead2b7d11", "text": "Always (brand) Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products , including maxi pads , ultra thin pads , pantiliners , and feminine wipes , produced by Procter & Gamble . It was first introduced in the United States in test markets in the spring of 1983 , then nationally in May of 1984 . By the end of 1984 , Always had also been introduced internationally in United Kingdom , Canada , France , Germany , and Africa . According to Rising Tide : Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble , Always was Procter & Gamble 's `` first truly global brand . '' Always is sold under the name Whisper in Japan , Singapore , India , China , South Korea , Philippines , Thailand , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam , Malaysia , Australia , Cambodia , Mongolia , and Indonesia , under the name Lines in Italy , under the name Orkid in Turkey , and under the names Evax and Ausonia in Spain and Portugal . Marketing for the product includes the company 's BeingGirl website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d75b75873e9efeb7c5457dcb8dfd08d", "text": "Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke . The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work . Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress . In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . '' Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b12dc923fa1a205532924e4f3b561407", "text": "Katharine Davies Katharine Davies ( born 1968 ) is a British writer of romance novels . For her debut novel , A Good Voyage , she won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by Romantic Novelists ' Association sponsored by FosterGrant Reading Glasses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b14dc39eb920d2455d6bd1d5c7baea72", "text": "Always Be My Baby `` Always Be My Baby '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her fifth studio album Daydream ( 1995 ) . It was released by Columbia Records in March 9 , 1996 as the third US single and fourth overall . The song was written by Carey , Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal . A mid-tempo song , its lyrics describe the feeling of attachment and unity the singer feels towards her estranged lover , even though they are no longer together , she says he will always be a part of her and will `` always be her baby '' even after they move on . Music critics praised `` Always Be My Baby '' and it was a commercial success , becoming Carey 's 11th chart topper on the US Billboard Hot 100 , tying her with Madonna and Whitney Houston for most number-one singles for a female artist at the time . It spent two weeks atop the chart and became Carey 's eighth chart topper on the Canadian Singles Chart . In other regions , the song performed well , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom , number five in New Zealand , number 17 in Australia and in the top 20 in most music markets where it charted . The song 's music video features scenes of Carey frolicking by a campsite in upstate New York , as well as swinging on a large swing over a lake . Additional inter-cuts include scenes of two children , one male and female , sneaking out at night and spending time together by a campfire similar to Carey 's location . Most scenes from the video were filmed at The Fresh Air Fund 's Camp Mariah , named after Mariah Carey for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air Fund children . The song was performed live during her Daydream World Tour ( 1996 ) and many of her future tours and concerts . `` Always Be My Baby '' was also featured in Carey 's compilation albums : Number 1 's ( 1998 ) , Greatest Hits ( 2001 ) , The Ballads ( 2008 ) and Number 1 to Infinity ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfa637d6b67157f0ae3a69fd09f1e5a", "text": "Katharine the Great Katharine the Great : Katharine Graham and The Washington Post is an unauthorized biography of Katharine Graham , the newspaper owner , authored by Deborah Davis , and initially released in 1979 . The book was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ( HBJ ) , but they withdrew the book from circulation after a few weeks and returned the rights to Davis after citing that `` certain facts and circumstances have arisen since publication . '' Davis sued HBJ for $ 6 million in 1982 for breach of contract , alleging the recall came after a letter from the Washington Post 's executive editor , Benjamin C. Bradlee to the publisher ; Bradlee called the publication of the book `` completely irresponsible '' and then listed 39 errors where his name appeared . The suit was settled out of court for $ 100,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc26ee8b2a40448f07c0058540409ca0", "text": "Roughly Speaking (film) Roughly Speaking is a 1945 drama/comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Rosalind Russell and Jack Carson . The plot involves a strong-minded mother keeping her family afloat through World War I and the Great Depression . The film was based on the autobiography of the same name , published in 1943 , by Louise Randall Pierson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d78aae85d2f6dac9b7f61910cc13df78", "text": "Kathleen Eaton Cannell Kathleen Eaton Cannell ( usually known as Kitty Cannell ) ( 1891 -- 1974 ) was a Paris-based American dance and fashion correspondent for major U.S. papers and periodicals . Before moving to Paris she was the dance critic for The Christian Science Monitor . During the years of World War I she was a dancer and performed under the stage name of ` Rihani ' , inventing a dance style called ` static dances ' . She was a well-known figure in the American community of artists in Paris in the 1920s . She was briefly married to the poet Skipwith Cannell but divorced him in the spring of 1921 . William Carlos Williams describes her thus : `` Kitty Cannell in her squirrel coat and yellow skull cap , which made the French , man and woman , turn in the street and stare seeing a woman , approaching six feet , so accoutered '' . She had an affair with Harold Loeb and they socialized with Ernest Hemingway and his wife Hadley . In A Farewell to Arms Hemingway based the character Helen Ferguson on Kitty , and also the character Frances Clyne in The Sun Also Rises , although she denied this , but a reading of her letters to Loeb indicates strong parallels with the story . She became the Paris fashion correspondent for The New Yorker , and , during the German occupation , reported on occupying forces ' press conferences for the New York Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50569b4eea8fd1b5117a22337be2a51b", "text": "Always on My Mind `` Always on My Mind '' is an American country music song by Johnny Christopher , Mark James and Wayne Carson , recorded first by Gwen McCrae ( as `` You Were Always On My Mind '' ) and Brenda Lee in 1972 . AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers . While Brenda Lee 's version had stalled at # 45 on the country charts in 1972 , other performers would reach the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere with their own versions : Elvis Presley in 1972 ; John Wesley Ryles in 1979 ; Willie Nelson 's Grammy Award winning version in 1982 ; Pet Shop Boys in 1987 ; Loretta Lynn in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8600838df66ed2dbd369ece626df2076", "text": "Hepburn (band) Hepburn were a four-piece British all-girl pop rock band . The band released an album and three singles between 1999 and 2000 , but were best known for their first single , `` I Quit '' , which reached # 8 on the UK charts , and was best known to American audiences when it appeared on the soundtrack to the TV series , Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( although the track never actually appeared in an episode ) . The band was made up of Jamie Benson ( vocals ) , Lisa Lister ( guitar ) , Sarah Davies ( bass ) , Beverley Fullen ( drums ) , Lisa Gordon ( Drums , replacement for Fullen ) , and Tasha Bayliss ( drums , replacement for Gordon ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bb11633ffff8e56090060a19add674a", "text": "History of fashion design The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories . The modern industry , based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers , started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created . Couture beginnings . Rose Bertin ( July 2 , 1747 -- September 22 , 1813 ) was the dressmaker named bill to Marie Antoinette , Queen of France , and a high public profile . Sometimes called sarcastically the `` Minister of Fashion '' , she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style , until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution , from which she fled into exile in London for some years . An outsider to the French Court , Marie Antoinette relied on Bertin 's meticulous designs to help her `` to combat her enemies with style '' . -LSB- 1 -RSB- Marie Antoinette 's unique fashion preferences such as masculine riding breeches or simple muslin shift dressed , contrasted sharply with her elaborate gowns as the Queen attempted to create a persona that would allow the citizens of France to connect with her and her lifestyle . Although Marie Antoinette 's attempts were largely unsuccessful , the ways Bertin helped the Queen articulate herself through fashion were groundbreaking and set a precedent for monarchs who followed . -LSB- 2 -RSB- An Englishman living in Paris , Charles Frederick Worth ( 1825 - 1905 ) is usually seen as the first designer in something like the modern sense , with a large business employing many largely anonymous tailors and seamstresses . A former draper , Worth 's success was such that he was able to dictate what they should wear to his customers . Launched into the spotlight as the Empress Eugénie 's primary designer , Worth used his royal connections to gain recognition and clients . The proclamation on February 1 , 1853 by Napolón III that no visitors would be received to his court without formal dress meant that the popularity of Worth-style gowns was overwhelming . Ornately decorated and constructed from the finest materials , Worth 's gowns are well known for their crinolines ( cage-like metal structures that held the dress out in a stylish shape . Throughout the early 20th century , practically all high fashion originated in Paris and to a lesser extent London . Fashion magazines from other countries sent editors to the Paris fashion shows . Department stores sent buyers to the Paris shows , where they purchased garments to copy ( and openly stole the style lines and trim details of others ) . Both made-to-measure salons and ready-to-wear departments featured the latest Paris trends , adapted to the stores ' assumptions about the lifestyles and pocket books of their targeted customers . At this time in history the division between haute couture and ready-to-wear was not sharply defined . The two separate modes of production were still far from being competitors and they often co-existed in houses where the seamstresses moved freely between made-to-measure and ready-made . Around the start of the 20th century fashion magazines began to include photographs and became even more influential . Throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public taste . Talented illustrators - among them Paul Iribe , Georges Lepape , Erté , and George Barbier - drew attractive fashion plates for these publications , which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty . Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84aaf44ed6df7aa7a9ee0e47f850aa46", "text": "Portrayal of women in film noir Film noir is accustomed to fulfilling specific constructions of gender roles in this aesthetically driven cinema style , creating very specific false archetypes for women within the ongoing history of film noir . According to Andrew Spicer in `` Film Noir , '' the articulation of the patriarchy in film noir is understood as one of the style 's most consistent features , no matter the decade of the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d4d850d5090d3b38953acf0c26a022e", "text": "Tom Kelley (photographer) Tom Kelley Sr. ( December 12 , 1914 -- January 8 , 1984 ) was an American photographer who photographed Hollywood celebrities in the 1940s and 1950s . He is best known for his iconic 1949 nude photographs of Marilyn Monroe , which were distributed widely as calendar art -- one of which was featured in the inaugural issue of Playboy magazine in 1953 . Kelley was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He learned photography as an apprentice in a New York photo studio , and then worked for the Associated Press and Town & Country magazine . After coming to California in 1935 , Kelley established a photography studio in Hollywood and produced promotional photographs of motion picture stars . David O. Selznick and Samuel Goldwyn retained Kelley to take promotional photos of their stars and starlets for magazine covers and advertising . Later , Kelley 's business shifted to commercial and advertising photography . Some of Kelley 's most famous photo subjects have included Gary Cooper , Greta Garbo , James Cagney , Clark Gable , Winston Churchill , Bob Hope , Marlene Dietrich , Joan Crawford , Jack Benny , David Bowie , John F. Kennedy , Dwight D. Eisenhower , Franklin D. Roosevelt , Yma Sumac and , of course , Marilyn Monroe , with and without clothes . Tom Kelley had a way of making his subjects feel comfortable behind the camera . He would bring his wife with him to his shoots to create a more soothing and relaxed atmosphere . Kelley served on the panel of judges at the Miss Universe 1952 and Miss Universe 1956 pageants . He appeared in the 1966 documentary film The Legend of Marilyn Monroe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228717d846b04fcc870d8d644c7281ad", "text": "I Capricorn I Capricorn is a 1972 album by Shirley Bassey . Following on from the success of her previous two albums , I Capricorn saw Bassey still in the midst of her revival in the 1970s . Some months earlier she had released the single `` For All We Know '' , which had become one of the biggest hits of her career , peaking at No. 6 in the UK and remaining on the charts for half a year . This album was released just as the single was leaving the chart and just as her second James Bond theme , `` Diamonds are Forever '' , was entering the chart . Surprisingly , the Bond theme song was not featured on this collection however . The album itself , released in February 1972 , made No. 13 and remained on the UK album chart for 11 weeks . In the US , Bassey undertook a promotional tour during March which took in 12 cities . It reached No. 94 on the Billboard 200 Track `` I 've Never Been a Woman Before '' was subsequently released as a single , but failed to match the success of the first . The B-side , `` The Greatest Performance of My Life '' ( also taken from this album ) became a mainstay of her live concerts for the next few years . The album also contained the popular songs `` Losing My Mind '' , `` The Look of Love '' and John Lennon 's `` Love '' . The title track was appropriate in that Bassey was indeed a Capricorn ( born January 8 ) . Producer Johnny Harris along with his assistant John Bromley ( who also played guitar on the album ) penned one song , `` The Way a Woman Loves '' . I Capricorn remains one of the most highly regarded albums by her fans . Early issues of this album had a metallic gold finish and the artwork was pasted on . I Capricorn was re-issued on CD in 2000 by EMI with alternative artwork . It was later re-released in a double pack with the follow-up album And I Love You So in November 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e416fbaf2112646085036c63826b864", "text": "A Woman Rebels A Woman Rebels is a 1936 RKO film adapted from the novel Portrait of a Rebel by Netta Syrett and starring Katharine Hepburn as Pamela Thistlewaite , who rebels against the social mores of Victorian England . The film was directed by Mark Sandrich , was the film debut of Van Heflin , and the final film of David Manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ab8747a5ccc933e424d7a3e112dd35", "text": "Always Yours `` Always Yours '' is a popular song by Gary Glitter . Written by Glitter and Mike Leander and produced by Leander , `` Always Yours '' was Glitter 's third and final number one single in the UK Singles Chart , spending a week at the top of the chart in June 1974 . It also spent two weeks at number one in Ireland , and reached number 11 in Australia and number 14 in Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "17cf0c980732a6399357ed729bef1a7b", "text": "William Shatner William Shatner ( born March 22 , 1931 ) is a Canadian actor , author , producer , and director . In his seven decades of television , Shatner became a cultural icon for his portrayal of James T. Kirk , Captain of the USS Enterprise , in the Star Trek franchise . He has written a series of books chronicling his experiences playing Captain Kirk and being a part of Star Trek , and has co-written several novels set in the Star Trek universe . He has written a series of science fiction novels called TekWar , which were adapted for television . Shatner also played the eponymous veteran police sergeant in T. J. Hooker ( 1982 -- 86 ) and hosted the reality-based television series , Rescue 911 ( 1989 -- 96 ) , which won a People 's Choice Award for the Favorite New TV Dramatic Series . Shatner also appeared in the NBC series , 3rd Rock from the Sun in seasons 4 and 5 as the role of the `` Big Giant Head '' whom the alien characters of the Series reported to . From 2004 until 2008 , he starred as attorney Denny Crane in the final season of the legal drama The Practice and its spinoff series Boston Legal '' , a role that earned him two Emmy Awards . Shatner has also worked as a musician , an author , a director , and a celebrity pitchman .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "38b58fc1fcbd1371c7f09021f901744e", "text": "Streamy Awards The Streamy Awards , often referred to as the Streamys , are presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize and honor excellence in online video , including directing , acting , producing , and writing . The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles , California . They were the first envelope-opening live-streamed award show . The Streamy Awards were created by Executive Producers Drew Baldwin , Brady Brim-DeForest and Marc Hustvedt of Tubefilter and Joshua Cohen and Jamison Tilsner of Tilzy.tv . The winners of awards in over 30 categories , including the Audience Choice and Visionary Award , were announced for the first time on March 28 , 2009 at the 1st Annual Streamy Awards . Winners of the 1st Annual Streamy Awards included individual recipients ( Best Male and Female Actor ) , and web series . Each year , certain awards are presented before the main ceremony at the Streamys Craft Awards . The 2nd Annual Streamy Awards were hosted by actor/comedian Paul Scheer and streamed live online from the Orpheum Theatre ( Los Angeles , California ) on April 11 , 2010 . The production experienced technical problems as well as interruptions due to people streaking the stage and interrupting the presenters . This show incorporated an online live internet streaming broadcast . Due to poor reception and execution of the show , the IAWTV halted its production of the award ceremony and formed their own Web TV awards presentation . Tubefilter joined Dick Clark productions to produce the 3rd Streamy Awards in 2013 . The 5th Streamy Awards were broadcast live on VH1 on September 17 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5c8f607317733db1ae881aa30e8ac2a", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction is awarded to one television series or special each year . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ad6e47c797dabda2112edea2d965e1b", "text": "British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme The British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme , or BAFTA TV Award for Best International , is an award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to outstanding achievements in foreign TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b43d81acfd7dc4876dc68c70eb69e87a", "text": "The Howard Stern Show (WWOR) The Howard Stern Show is an American late-night television variety show , hosted by radio personality Howard Stern . It aired Saturdays , beginning at 11:00 pm , from July 14 , 1990 to August 8 , 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11152d122e2bfab5756249659d19f87", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year . Prior to 2006 , nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6f11e212ed35ec7f1fa541c1706cb87", "text": "24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations . A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "271c709197a46500c92b5ef46ff240ec", "text": "Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Actor on Television ( formerly Best Genre TV Actor ) . The award is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films , honoring the work of actresses in science fiction , fantasy , and horror fiction on television . ( NOTE : Year refers to year of eligibility , the actual ceremonies are held the following year . ) The winners are listed in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77a8a87bd99eb1c711978ea7e0f3ecef", "text": "Talent Jackpot Talent Jackpot was an American game show broadcast on the DuMont Television Network from July 13 to August 23 , 1949 . The show was hosted by Broadway producer Vinton Freedley ( 1891-1969 ) with Bud Collyer as his assistant and announcer . Contestants won by getting the most applause from the audience , and the top prize was $ 250 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d60e72b084587e5f0ef953ad7deebed", "text": "The Joan Rivers Show The Joan Rivers Show is an American talk show hosted by comedian Joan Rivers that premiered on September 5 , 1989 in broadcast syndication . The show aired for five seasons and ended on December 31 , 1993 . The show was nominated for numerous Emmy Awards , with Rivers winning the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host in 1990 . The series was produced by PGHM Productions , Joan Rivers 's production company , and distributed by Tribune Entertainment . Rivers had previously hosted late-night talk show entitled The Late Show with Joan Rivers which got canceled in May 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c9baa61bd3765d016ad2aa1c32141a", "text": "The Lawrence Welk Show The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk . The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years , from 1951 to 1955 , then nationally for another 27 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971 , and in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982 . Repeat episodes are broadcast in the United States by Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) stations . These airings incorporate an original program -- usually , a color broadcast from 1965 through 1982 -- in its entirety . In place of the commercials , newer performance and interview clips from the original stars and/or a family member of the performers are included ; these clips are occasionally updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea668b39573a26fb742ca332caefbea", "text": "Climax! Climax ! ( later known as Climax Mystery Theater ) is an American television anthology series that aired on CBS from 1954 to 1958 . The series was hosted by William Lundigan and later co-hosted by Mary Costa . It was one of the few CBS programs of that era to be broadcast in color ( using the massive TK-40A color cameras pioneered and manufactured by RCA , and used primarily by CBS ' arch-rival network , NBC ) . Many of the episodes were performed and broadcast live , and although the series was transmitted in color , only black-and-white kinescope copies of some episodes survive to the present day . The series finished at # 22 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1955-1956 season and # 26 for 1956-1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd75f094014ad3c59fa54274457ec05", "text": "Hum Award for Best Host Hum Award for Best Host is one of the Hum Awards of Merit presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel ( HTNEC ) to host working in the Television industry . Since its inception , however , the award has commonly been referred to as the hum for Best Host . While hosts are nominated for this award by Hum members who are actors and actresses themselves , winners are selected by the Hum membership as a whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd627cf54e90a96c7f5bc3e24a196303", "text": "American Film Institute Awards 2003 The American Film Institute ( AFI ) Awards 2003 honored the Top 10 Films and Top 10 Television Programs of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6129067205e756a9990a65da0e0e1f0", "text": "21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa952fc53912378145a6647d742fbf8c", "text": "Little Boy `` Little Boy '' was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay , piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets , Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces . It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare . The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history , after the Trinity test , and the first uranium-based detonation . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 ktonTNT . The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants . Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group of Captain William S. Parsons 's Ordnance ( O ) Division at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II . Parsons flew on the Hiroshima mission as weaponeer . The Little Boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man , it was a gun-type fission weapon , but derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 . This was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium ( the `` bullet '' ) onto a solid cylinder of the same material ( the `` target '' ) by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder . It contained 64 kg of enriched uranium , of which less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission . Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design . After the war ended , it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required , and many plans and diagrams were destroyed , but by mid-1946 the Hanford Site reactors were suffering badly from the Wigner effect , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft ( which could be launched from but not land on the Midway-class aircraft carriers ) . All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "891ff0f3d312e347ae772fd20c5aeb13", "text": "Code name A code name or cryptonym is a word or name used , sometimes clandestinely , to refer to another name , word , project or person . Names are often used for military purposes , or in espionage . They may also be used in industrial counter-industrial espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals , or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined . Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6123c00f0baabe6d1038acc3b4e7409c", "text": "Synecdoche A synecdoche ( -LSB- sɪˈnɛkdəkiː -RSB- , ; from Greek συνεκδοχή , synekdoche , . `` simultaneous understanding '' ) is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa . A synecdoche is a class of metonymy , often by means of either mentioning a part for the whole or conversely the whole for one of its parts . Examples from common English expressions include `` bread and butter '' ( for `` livelihood '' ) , `` suits '' ( for `` businessmen '' ) , and `` boots '' ( for `` soldiers '' ) ( pars pro toto ) , or conversely `` America '' ( for `` the United States of America '' ) ( totum pro parte ) . The use of government buildings to refer to their occupant ( s ) is on the border between synecdoche and metonymy . `` The Pentagon '' for the United States Department of Defense can be considered synecdoche , as the building can be considered part of the department . `` No. 10 '' for the British Prime Minister can be counted as metonymy , since the building is not part of the person , but using `` No. 10 '' to mean `` the Office of the Prime Minister '' is synecdoche .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb505864a151d916d4759bb2342baad", "text": "Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode ( BOCU ) is a MIME compatible Unicode compression scheme . BOCU-1 combines the wide applicability of UTF-8 with the compactness of Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode ( SCSU ) . This Unicode encoding is designed to be useful for compressing short strings , and maintains code point order . BOCU-1 is specified in a Unicode Technical Note . For comparison SCSU was adopted as standard Unicode compression scheme with a byte/code point ratio similar to language-specific code pages . SCSU has not been widely adopted , as it is not suitable for MIME `` text '' media types . For example , SCSU can not be used directly in emails and similar protocols . SCSU requires a complicated encoder design for good performance . Usually , the zip , bzip2 , and other industry standard algorithms compact larger amounts of Unicode text more efficiently . Both SCSU and BOCU-1 are IANA registered charsets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3e95292cc4aefcaa73c02c78f4f1ea", "text": "The School Boy `` The School Boy '' is a 1789 poem by William Blake and published as a part of his poetry collection entitled `` Songs of Innocence . '' These poems were later added with Blake 's `` Songs of Experience '' to create the entire collection entitled `` Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul . '' This collection included poems such as `` The Tyger , '' `` The Little Boy Lost , '' `` Infant Joy , '' and `` The Shepherd ( Blake ) . '' These poems are illustrated with colorful artwork created by Blake first in 1789 . The first printing in 1789 consisted of sixteen copies . None of the copies of Songs of Innocence are exactly alike as some of them are incomplete or were colored in posthumously `` in imitation of '' other copies . `` The School Boy '' is a poem written in the pastoral tradition that focuses on the downsides of formal learning . It considers how going to school on a summer day `` drives all joy away '' . The boy in this poem is more interested in escaping his classroom than he is with anything his teacher is trying to teach . In lines 16-20 , a child in school is compared to a bird in a cage . Meaning something that was born to be free and in nature , is instead trapped inside and made to be obedient .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bb966923fea1429a8edcdc4b12faca1", "text": "Child Identity Child Identity is not only a psychological structure , but also a complex subject of contemporary humanitarian science . Identity formation is a complex process that is never completed . When we research the problems of identity we want to answer questions ` Who we are ? ' , ` Do we choose our identity ? ' , ` Is identity given to us or do we create our own ? ' , etc. . In a world of change , children are faced with many questions and struggles as they sort out their multiple identities . Children begin to ask identity questions at an early age . Who am I ? Who is my family ? Where do I belong ? Why does my family celebrate some holidays and not others ? These are all standard questions children ask to determine how they fit into their world . Erik Erikson ( 1902 -- 1994 ) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in problem of child identity . The child identity is a complex socio-cultural phenomenon , which includes a variety of representations of a child about themselves , about the world , about his place in this world . The Child Identity is a dynamic construct that is rapidly changing under the influence of the environment , education and family . In childhood , identity is a dependent phenomenon , there are a lot of the unconscious factors are affecting to behavior patterns , relationships child with world . Child Identity formed under influence of various factors and stereotypes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb391c314f2d047c752736ea50a5984", "text": "Benjamin (name) Benjamin is a popular given name for males , derived from Hebrew , Binyāmīn , translating as `` son of my right -LSB- hand -RSB- '' , though in the Samaritan Pentateuch , the name appears as ࠁࠍࠉࠌࠉࠌ , `` Binyaamem '' ` Son of my days ' . It is often shortened to Ben , and sometimes to Benny , or Benjy . Benjamin is also a patronymic surname . Like many biblical names , it is popular in the Jewish , Christian and Muslim faiths alike , having many variant forms in other languages . The `` Benjamin of the family '' is a phrase used in several languages to refer to the youngest son - especially when he is much younger than his brothers ; sometimes the name is chosen for a son born to mature parents unlikely to have more children , especially if he has several older siblings . Both of these usages derive from the biblical son of Jacob of that name , who occupied that position in his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2466fd4b04e51a751bf6545567b88d85", "text": "Little Prince Little Prince may refer to : The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including : The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series ) The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98cf41e9ae709bb4e06cc99398ea6fef", "text": "CrypTool CrypTool is an open source project . Main result is the free e-learning software CrypTool illustrating cryptographic and cryptanalytic concepts . According to `` Hakin9 '' CrypTool is worldwide the most widespread e-learning software in the field of cryptology . CrypTool implements more than 300 algorithms . Users can adjust these with own parameters . The graphical interface , online documentation , analytic tools and algorithms of CrypTool introduce users to the field of cryptography . CrypTool contains the most classical ciphers as well as modern symmetric and asymmetric cryptography including RSA , ECC , digital signatures , hybrid encryption , homomorphic encryption , and Diffie -- Hellman key exchange . Also methods from the area of quantum cryptography ( like BB84 key exchange protocol ) and the area of post-quantum cryptography ( like McEliece , WOTS , Merkle-Signature-Scheme , XMSS ) are implemented . Many methods ( for instance Huffman code , AES , Keccak , MSS ) are visualized . In addition it contains : didactical games ( like Number Shark , Divider Game , or Zudo-Ku ) and interactive tutorials about primes , elementary number theory , and lattice-based cryptography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3aa0fb134a773311eeeb7acb8f9366f", "text": "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act ( `` UCAPA '' ) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006 . This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children , and parents fearing their children would be abducted . In 2006 , NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act . The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents . Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement , including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act ( UCCJEA ) , the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law . Under UCAPA , an action for abduction prevention measures may be brought either by a court on its own motion , by a party to a child-custody determination or an individual with a right to seek such a determination , or by a prosecutor or public attorney . The party seeking the abduction prevention measures must file a petition with the court specifying the risk factors for abduction as well as other biographical information including the name , age and gender of the child , the current address of the child and the person against whom the measures are sought , a statement regarding any prior actions related to abduction or domestic violence , a statement addressing any prior arrests for domestic violence or child abuse by either party , and finally any additional information required by existing State child custody law including the UCCJEA . UCAPA sets out a wide variety of factors that should be considered in determining whether there is a credible risk that a child will be abducted . These factors include overt signs such as previous abductions , attempts to abduct the child , or threats of abduction , as well as signs of general abuse including domestic violence , negligence , or refusal to obey a child-custody determination . The act also includes a wide range of activities that may indicate a planned abduction including abandoning employment , liquidating assets , obtaining travel documents or travel tickets , or requesting the child 's school or medical records . The act also addresses the special problems involved with international child abduction by including several risk factors specifically related to international abduction . In particular , the act requires courts to consider whether the party in question is likely to take a child to a country that is n't a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction , or to a country that places the child at risk , has laws that would restrict access to the child , that is on the current list of state sponsors of terrorism , or is engaged in an active military action or war . In addition , a court will consider issues related to citizenship such as a recent change in citizenship status or a denial of United States Citizenship . If a court determines that a credible risk exists that the child will be abducted , it may then enter an order containing provisions and measures meant to prevent abduction . The act lists a number of specific measures that a court may order . These include imposing travel restrictions , prohibiting the individual from removing the child from the State or other set geographic area , placing the child 's name in the United States Department of State 's Child Passport Issuance Alert Program , or requiring the individual to obtain an order from a foreign country containing identical terms to the child-custody determination . An abduction prevention order is effective until the earliest of the order 's expiration , the child 's emancipation , the child 's 18th birthday , or until the order is modified , revoked , or vacated . If abduction appears imminent , a court may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child , direct law enforcement officers to take steps to locate and return the child , or exercise other appropriate powers under existing state laws . A warrant to take physical custody is enforceable in the enacting state even if issued by different state . The court may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property , or even to make a forcible entry at any hour , if the circumstances so warrant . Nevertheless , the person on whom the warrant is being executed must be served with the warrant when or immediately after the child is taken into custody and the person must be afforded a hearing no later than the next judicial day or the next possible judicial day if the next day is impossible . Up to date legislative activity on UCAPA can be found here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198871feab33d21377b6751c44e58dee", "text": "Metonymy Metonymy ( -LSB- mᵻˈtɒnᵻmi -RSB- ) is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept . The words metonymy and metonym come from the μετωνῠμία , metōnymía , ( `` a change of name '' ) , from μετά , metá , ( `` after , beyond '' ) , and - ωνυμία , - ōnymía , a suffix that names figures of speech , from ὄνῠμα , ónyma or ὄνομα , ónoma , ( `` name '' ) . The location of a capital is often used as a metonym for a government or other official institutions -- for example : Brussels for the institutions of the European Union , The Hague for the International Court of Justice , Nairobi for the government of Kenya , Washington , D.C. , for the federal government of the United States , or Beacon Hill for the government of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . A place can represent an entire industry : for instance Wall Street is often used metonymically to describe the entire U.S. financial and corporate banking sector . Common nouns and phrases can also be metonyms : red tape can stand for bureaucracy , whether or not that bureaucracy actually uses red tape to bind documents . In Commonwealth realms , The Crown is a metonym for the state in all its aspects . Metonymy and related figures of speech are common in everyday speech and writing . Synecdoche and metalepsis are considered specific types of metonymy . Polysemy , multiple meanings of a single word or phrase , sometimes results from relations of metonymy . Both metonymy and metaphor involve the substitution of one term for another . In metaphor , this substitution is based on some specific analogy between two things , whereas in metonymy the substitution is based on some understood association or contiguity . American literary theorist Kenneth Burke described metonymy as one of four `` master tropes '' : metaphor , a substitute for perspective ; metonymy , a substitute for reduction ; synecdoche , a substitute for representation ; and irony , a substitute for dialectic . He described these tropes and the way they overlap in A Grammar of Motives . In addition to its use in everyday speech , metonymy is a figure of speech in some poetry and in much rhetoric . Greek and Latin scholars of rhetoric made significant contributions to the study of metonymy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dde179a0ae29feb5e0415e48b1e6290", "text": "GBK GBK is an extension of the GB2312 character set for simplified Chinese characters , used in the People 's Republic of China . It includes all unified CJK characters found in GB13000.1-93 , i.e. ISO/IEC 10646:1993 , or Unicode 1.1 . Since its initial release in 1993 , GBK has been extended by Microsoft in Code page 936/1386 , which was then extended into GBK 1.0 . GBK is also the IANA-registered internet name for the Microsoft mapping , which differs from other implementations primarily by the single-byte euro sign at 0x80 . GB abbreviates Guojia Biaozhun , which means national standard in Chinese , while K stands for Extension ( '' 扩展 '' , `` Kuozhan '' ) . GBK not only extended the old standard GB2312 with Traditional Chinese characters , but also with Chinese characters that were simplified after the establishment of GB2312 in 1981 . With the arrival of GBK , certain names with characters formerly unrepresentable , like the `` róng '' character in former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji 's name , are now representable . 0.3 % of all web pages use GBK in January 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ccd22197431cdbc01da79750861fc10", "text": "Boy Crazy (game) Boy Crazy was a collectible card game created by Decipher , Inc. during the Pokémon Trading Card Game boom . Each card featured a picture of a boy age 12 -- 22 , his first name , and a list of his likes and dislikes . Gameplay began with a group of participants opening a pack of cards . One individual within the group would decide which of the boys in the pack they liked best , and write this down along with their reasons why . Then the other members of the group would write down which boy they thought would be good for this same individual , and why . The group would then take turns explaining their choices and reasoning . Players who guessed correctly earned a point . Play continued until everyone had a chance to select a boy , and the player with the most points won . The game includes boys from across the United States , from different ethnic backgrounds and hair and eye colors , including disabled boys . The game was so popular that Decipher launched a companion `` Boy Crazy '' magazine in September 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48738b78cac66e01ec5536f8e3479c37", "text": "Degree of anonymity In anonymity networks ( e.g. , Tor , Crowds , Mixmaster , I2P , etc. ) , it is important to be able to measure quantitatively the guarantee that is given to the system . The degree of anonymity is a device that was proposed at the 2002 Privacy Enhancing Technology ( PET ) conference . There were two papers that put forth the idea of using entropy as the basis for formally measuring anonymity : `` Towards an Information Theoretic Metric for Anonymity '' , and `` Towards Measuring Anonymity '' . The ideas presented are very similar with minor differences in the final definition of . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "161587db33e6bc0e7abfc9f9c81274d8", "text": "Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym . Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds . In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin . A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name . A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55af7e6783177820fc5319ab17ec95f", "text": "Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography . Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest . The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls . The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "223e6bd3e5f770384aed1b278fabb951", "text": "Type A Cipher Machine In the history of cryptography , 91-shiki ohbun-injiki ( `` System 91 Printing Machine '' ) or Angōki Taipu-A ( 暗号機 タイプA ) ( `` Type A Cipher Machine '' ) , codenamed Red by the United States , was a diplomatic cryptographic machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office before and during World War II . A relatively simple device , it was quickly broken by western cryptographers . The Red cipher was succeeded by the `` Purple '' machine ( `` 97-shiki ōbun inji-ki '' ) which used some of the same principles . Parallel usage of the two systems assisted in the breaking of the Purple system . The Red cipher should not be confused with the Red naval code , which was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy between the wars . The latter was a codebook system , not a cipher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed7d3d931b6e6ec5bc42b27343a8fa81", "text": "In re Sealed Case No. 02-001 In re : Sealed Case No. 02-001 , 310 F. 3d 717 ( 2002 ) , is a per curiam decision by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review in which it reviewed restrictions that were placed upon a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ( FISA ) application by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court ( FISC ) on May 17 , 2002 . The Court of Review reversed the FISC 's restrictions , stating that they `` are not required by FISA or the Constitution '' . This opinion represents the first meeting of and first opinion by the Court of Review . For the purposes of review , the FISC 's modification of the requested application worked as a `` denial '' , thus giving the Court of Review jurisdiction to take the case . The Court noted that the case raised important questions of statutory interpretation and the constitutionality of provision of FISA . In particular , the opinion addressed changes made in the act due to the passage of the Patriot Act . The Court addressed these questions in the context of a single request for an order authorizing electronic surveillance made by the government to the FISC . The FISC approved the requested order but `` imposed certain requirements and limitations '' on the government . The government appealed to the Court of Review . The Court first stated that there appeared to be no disagreement between the government and the FISC as to the propriety of the requested surveillance because the FISC found that the government had shown probable caused to believe that the target is an agent of a foreign power . The government therefore only appealed the restrictions imposed . The restrictions include orders that law enforcement officials shall not make recommendations to intelligence officials concerning the initiation , operation , continuation or expansion of FISA searches or surveillances . Additionally , the FBI and the Criminal Division -LSB- of the Department of Justice -RSB- shall ensure that law enforcement officials do not direct or control the use of the FISA procedures to enhance criminal prosecution , and that advice intended to preserve the option of a criminal prosecution does not inadvertently result in the Criminal Division 's directing or controlling the investigation using FISA searches and surveillances toward law enforcement objectives . The FISC also created what the court referred to as a `` chaperone requirement '' , which required that a unit of the Justice Department ( the Office of Intelligence Policy and review ( OIPR ) ) `` be invited '' to all meetings between the FBI and the Criminal Division involving coordination of efforts to investigate and respond to potential hostile acts . The Court of Review stated that the lower opinion establishing these restrictions did not clearly set forth the basis for its decision . Instead , the restrictions `` appear -LSB- -RSB- to proceed from the assumption that FISA constructed a barrier between counterintelligence/intelligence officials and law enforcement officers in the Executive Branch , '' but the opinion did not support such an assumption . This `` wall '' between the intelligence officials and law enforcement officers was created by the FISC in reliance on `` its statutory authority to approve ` minimization procedures ' designed to prevent the acquisition , retention , and dissemination within the government of material gathered in an electronic surveillance that is unnecessary to the government 's need for foreign intelligence information . '' Two arguments were presented by the government in opposition to these restrictions . First , the government argued that the pre-Patriot Act limitation in FISA that restricts the government 's use of intelligence information is `` an illusion . '' Alternatively , the government argued that even if the `` primary purpose '' limitation exists , the passage of the Patriot Act eliminated that concept from FISA . As a corollary , the government argued that the restrictions imposed by the FISC below were a misconstruction of the FISA provisions and `` an end run around '' the amendments added by the Patriot Act . The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ) and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers ( NACDL ) submitted amicus curiae briefs in support of the restrictions . The briefs argued primarily that the FISA statute ( and the amendments of the Patriot Act ) are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment unless they are construed to prohibit the government from obtaining a FISA surveillance order if its `` primary purpose '' is criminal prosecution . Among other things , the Court of Review found that FISA is constitutional , that the minimization requirements of FISA are not grounds to limit the purpose of the FISA application , and that FISA may be used to collect evidence for criminal prosecution . The Court also noted ( but made no judgment regarding ) `` the President 's inherent constitutional authority to conduct warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance '' which relates to part of the government justification in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f0d9502c89fb04f4ce1cb2af305ac6", "text": "Middle name In several cultures , people 's names usually include one or more names in addition to the portion that is usually considered adequate to identify them . In a number of cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname , such a name is likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname , and thus called a middle name . In English-speaking American culture , that term is often applied ( arguably mistakenly ) to names , occupying that position , even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a `` middle name '' , and is actually ( to mention several types of atypical cases ) : part of a two-word given name ( e.g. Mary Anne , about Mary Anne Clarke , and `` Joe Bob Briggs '' ) , a maiden name ( e.g. Rodham ) , a patronymic ( e.g. Sergeyevich ) , or a baptismal name ( e.g. `` Christopher '' invoking St. Christopher ) . In the USA such names are specifically referred to as middle names ; in most other countries , as far as they are given names and not , for example , patronymics , they would simply be regarded as second , third etc. given names . The US `` middle name '' is often abbreviated to the middle initial ( e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi , which is usually standard for signatures ) or omitted entirely in everyday use ( e.g. just Mary Bianchi ) . An individual may have more than one middle name , or none . In the United Kingdom , for comparison , she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi , M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi , or she may choose Lee Bianchi , and informally there may be familiar shortenings . It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries , but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century ( and possibly earlier ) , as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 -- 1766 ) . Despite their relatively long existence in North America , the phrase `` middle name '' was not recorded until 1835 , in the periodical Harvardiana . The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records , effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name . This is worsened by longer compound names , like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García . The abbreviation `` N.M.N. '' ( no middle name ) or `` N.M.I. '' ( no middle initial ) , with or without periods , is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States , where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one . The middle name can also be a maiden name . Since 1905 , `` middle name '' has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person , as in the phrase `` discretion is my middle name . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9340bf957361caa2b9c6e290eb7597e", "text": "Crypto phone Crypto phones are mobile telephones that provide security against eavesdropping and electronic surveillance . The interception of telecommunications has become a major industry . Most of the world 's intelligence agencies and many private organisations intercept telephone communications to obtain military , economic and political information . The price of simple mobile phone surveillance devices has become so low that many individuals can afford to use them . Advances in technology have made it difficult to determine who is intercepting and recording private communications . Crypto phones can protect calls from interception by using algorithms to encrypt the signals . The phones have a cryptographic chip that handles encryption and decryption . Two algorithms are programmed into the chip : A key-exchange algorithm for the key agreement protocol and a symmetric-key algorithm for voice encryption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0cd40eb97c6a52b8209d884916990f5", "text": "Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read high-level German army messages during World War II . The British Government Code and Cypher School ( GC&CS ) at Bletchley Park decrypted many communications between the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht ( OKW , German High Command ) in Berlin and their army commands throughout occupied Europe , some of which were signed `` Adolf Hitler , Führer '' . These were intercepted non-Morse radio transmissions that had been enciphered by the Lorenz SZ teleprinter rotor stream cipher attachments . Decrypts of this traffic became an important source of `` Ultra '' intelligence , which contributed significantly to Allied victory . For its high-level secret messages , the German armed services enciphered each character using various online Geheimschreiber ( secret writer ) stream cipher machines at both ends of a telegraph link using the 5-bit International Telegraphy Alphabet No. 2 ( ITA2 ) . These machines were the Lorenz SZ ( SZ for Schlüssel-Zusatz , meaning `` cipher attachment '' ) for the army , the Siemens and Halske T52 for the air force and the Siemens T43 , which was little used and never broken by the Allies . Bletchley Park decrypts of messages enciphered with the Enigma machines revealed that the Germans called one of their wireless teleprinter transmission systems `` Sägefisch '' ( sawfish ) , which led British cryptographers to refer to encrypted German radiotelegraphic traffic as `` Fish '' . `` Tunny '' ( tunafish ) was the name given to the first non-Morse link , and it was subsequently used for the Lorenz SZ machines and the traffic enciphered by them . As with the entirely separate cryptanalysis of the Enigma , it was German operational shortcomings that allowed the initial diagnosis of the system , and a way into decryption . Unlike Enigma , no physical machine reached allied hands until the very end of the war in Europe , long after wholesale decryption had been established . Initially , operator errors produced a number of pairs of transmissions sent with the same keys , giving a `` depth '' , which often allowed manual decryption to be achieved . One long depth also allowed the complete logical structure of the machine to be worked out , a quite remarkable cryptanalytical feat on which the subsequent wholesale decrypting of Tunny messages relied . When depths became less frequent , decryption was achieved by a combination of manual and automated methods . The first machine to automate part of the decrypting process was called `` Heath Robinson '' and it was followed by several other `` Robinsons '' . These were , however , slow and unreliable , and were supplemented by the much faster and more flexible `` Colossus '' , the world 's first electronic , programmable digital computer , ten of which were in use by the end of the war , by which time some 90 % of Tunny messages were being decrypted at Bletchley Park . Albert W. Small , an American cryptanalyst from the US Signal Corps who was seconded to Bletchley Park and worked on Tunny , said in his December 1944 report back to Arlington Hall that :", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "61313b6080e289d1ce3bb010dd8bf364", "text": "Macaulay Culkin Macaulay Carson Culkin ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American actor . He became famous as a child actor for his role as Kevin McCallister in the family comedy Home Alone ( 1990 ) and its sequel Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) . He is also known for his roles in Uncle Buck ( 1989 ) , My Girl ( 1991 ) , The Good Son ( 1993 ) , The Pagemaster ( 1994 ) , Richie Rich ( 1994 ) , Party Monster ( 2003 ) , and the music video for Michael Jackson 's `` Black or White '' . At the height of his fame , he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple . Culkin ranked at number two on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Kid-Stars '' and E! 's list of the `` 50 Greatest Child Stars '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a78cd8c6ffd5e2d31fb00e85a5e0a5e", "text": "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends ( commonly abbreviated as Foster 's ) is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network Studios . The series , set in a world in which imaginary friends coexist with humans , centers on an 8-year-old boy , Mac , who is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend , Bloo . After Mac discovers an orphanage dedicated to housing abandoned imaginary friends , Bloo moves into the home and is kept from adoption so long as Mac visits him daily . The episodes revolve around Mac and Bloo as they interact with other imaginary friends and house staff and live out their day-to-day adventures , often getting caught up in various predicaments . McCracken conceived the series after adopting two dogs from an animal shelter and applying the concept to imaginary friends . The show first premiered on Cartoon Network on August 13 , 2004 , as a 90-minute television film . On August 20 , it began its normal run of twenty-to-thirty-minute episodes on Fridays , at 7 pm . The series finished its run on May 3 , 2009 , with a total of six seasons and seventy-nine episodes . McCracken left Cartoon Network shortly after the series ended . Reruns have aired on Boomerang from August 11 , 2012 to November 3 , 2013 and again from June 1 , 2014 to April 3 , 2017 . Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends was praised by critics and received high ratings during its original run , becoming popular among both younger and older audiences . It received many industry accolades , including five Annie Awards and seven Emmy Awards , winning a total of sixteen awards out of thirty-five nominations . It has since been named by Entertainment Weekly as one of the best Cartoon Network shows and by IGN as the 85th best animated series of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "479c9c031a1194b85413079df1ff95dc", "text": "David Copperfield (1966 TV serial) David Copperfield is a BBC television serial starring Ian McKellen in the title role of the adaptation of Charles Dickens 's novel that began airing in January 1966 . It also featured Tina Packer as Dora , Flora Robson as Betsey Trotwood , Gordon Gostelow as Barkis , and Christopher Guard as young David . The screenplay adaptation was written by Vincent Tilsley . It had a viewership of over 12 million for its initial airings . Only four episodes of the serial 's 13 episodes are known to exist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea10774d2b029ccd7185e77152466ae", "text": "Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2982d0eee0e206f8a2743c3e737a0f74", "text": "An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film , based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne , with Guy Burgess ( Alan Bates ) , a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6 . The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger ; Browne stars as herself . The film is set is Moscow in 1958 , after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence . Burgess barges into Browne 's dressing room in the interval of a touring Shakespeare Memorial Theatre ( which became one of the bases of the Royal Shakespeare Company ) production of Hamlet , in which she portrayed Gertrude , and charms her . Later on she is invited to his Moscow flat , finding it with some difficulty , to measure him for a suit that he would like ordered from his London tailor . Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett . Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave , who asked for Browne 's help . Redgrave documented the incident in his biography . The play also contained scenes in Moscow 's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess , none of which happened in reality . Rather than film in the Soviet Union , Schlesinger used several locations in Scotland . The Caird Hall and Whitehall Theatre in Dundee stood in for the Moscow theatre , and the grand marble staircase of Glasgow City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy . Additional filming was done at Glasgow 's St. Andrew 's Suspension Bridge ( `` luckily , in a snowstorm '' Bennett later wrote ) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald , which represented Burgess ' Moscow apartment . Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in this production . Bennett gives the date of Browne 's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his Single Spies , which contains the text of An Englishman Abroad in the stage play version and the text of A Question of Attribution about Anthony Blunt . The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as Coral Browne . It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra , most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra 's Cambridge Spies season . On the BFI TV 100 , a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened , An Englishman Abroad was listed at no. 30 on the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcdc4f50af405a6e948c1b4d81b3e59d", "text": "Kyle MacLachlan Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( -LSB- məˈglɒklən -RSB- born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . MacLachlan is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990 -- 1991 ; 2017 ) and its subsequent film continuation Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as in cult films such as two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in the science fiction action film The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Clifford Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , and the voice of Riley 's dad in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has also had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006 -- 2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010 -- 14 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011 -- 2017 ) , and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama and has been nominated for two Emmy Awards , all for Twin Peaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08828a823d57fd0a132f322a8020e083", "text": "Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 . Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) . Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb155e7c7fca45c93595ed997188530c", "text": "The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d6ca859a4e72e24737a9f85dbbac87", "text": "Angela Goethals Angela Bethany Goethals ( born May 20 , 1977 ) is an American film , television and stage actress . Goethals made her acting debut in the Broadway production of Coastal Disturbances in 1987 , and later became known for her role in Home Alone ( 1990 ) playing the sister of Macaulay Culkin 's character in the film . Throughout the 1990s , Goethals went on to star in several independent films and television shows , including a leading role on the sitcom Phenom ( 1993 ) , as well as a small role in Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) . In 1999 , Goethals graduated from Vassar college with a B.A. in French before returning to acting . In 2005 , she landed a recurring guest appearance on 24 , and also gained recognition and critical acclaim for her starring role in the black comedy horror mockumentary , Behind the Mask : The Rise of Leslie Vernon ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6588cf5dd5f559a6317f30cad013b1d5", "text": "Strangers Within Strangers Within is a 2017 British home invasion horror film . The film stars Elana Di Troya as Sam , the daughter of a world-famous artist who is left home alone for a weekend . Joined by her three best friends , Sam hosts a casual gathering . This lasts barely an hour as one of the girls ' boyfriend arrives with two friends who have attended the gathering with an ulterior motive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744541ea7b41a01ad36434fcd12fab8e", "text": "Shut In (2015 film) Shut In ( also known as Intruders ) is an American horror thriller film directed by Adam Schindler and written by T.J. Cimfel and David White . The film stars Beth Riesgraf , Rory Culkin , Martin Starr and Jack Kesy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f10b26e19af5c67adc3295b66c872e7", "text": "Phobia (2013 film) Phobia , also known by its original title of Alone , is a 2013 horror film and the feature film directorial debut of Rory Douglas Abel . The movie had its world premiere on 3 November 2013 at the Drunken Zombie Film Festival and stars Michael Jefferson as an agoraphobic widower that begins to believe that he is being haunted by his wife 's specter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d1e83466f787f6c2ef8c347edf565fe", "text": "Homebodies (film) Homebodies is a 1974 comedy horror film directed by Larry Yust . The film features a cast of veteran actors , including Ian Wolfe , Ruth McDevitt , Peter Brocco , and Douglas Fowley . The film centers on elderly residents resorting to murder to protect their condemned building .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "079102ea54b5d3b104fcf8653db70839", "text": "Werner Herzog Werner Herzog ( -LSB- ˈvɛɐ̯nɐ ˈhɛɐ̯tsoːk -RSB- ; born 5 September 1942 ) is a German screenwriter , film director , author , actor , and opera director . Herzog is considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema , along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Margarethe von Trotta , Volker Schlöndorff , Werner Schröter , and Wim Wenders . Herzog 's films often feature heroes with impossible dreams , people with unique talents in obscure fields , or individuals who are in conflict with nature . French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog `` the most important film director alive . '' American film critic Roger Ebert said that Herzog `` has never created a single film that is compromised , shameful , made for pragmatic reasons , or uninteresting . Even his failures are spectacular . '' He was named one of the 100 most influential people on the planet by Time magazine in 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "27f701b9ff8d05f86b69dcf203532fad", "text": "Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras . The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization . The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor . Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666eb2bcc8ad55d6f4a3c50f754b7c0d", "text": "Karl Herzog __ NOTOC __ Karl Herzog ( 6 July 1906 -- 25 January 1998 ) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross . Herzog surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet April 1945 Zemland Offensive . Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union , he was held until 1955 . Herzog joined the Bundeswehr in 1957 and retired in 1966 as a Generalmajor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3b255f57a1867ba6ac859d7b5398c7", "text": "Wilhelm Herzog Wilhelm Herzog ( 12 January 1884 in Berlin - 4 April 1960 ) was a German historian of literature and culture , dramatist , encyclopedist , and pacifist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36ae0b15ce5b7e0b47b549a3d4cadcee", "text": "Werner Schroeter Werner Schroeter ( 7 April 1945 -- 12 April 2010 ) was a German film director , screenwriter , and opera director known for his stylistic excess . Schroeter was cited by Rainer Werner Fassbinder as an influence both on his own work and on German cinema at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad58b6d950ff1144c3e0c2a78f48e53", "text": "Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 . 1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival . 2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture . 2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e433214333cdf87506389a4a735aed", "text": "Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera . The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work . For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed . The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation . This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e187f596d4ae63107774a2b4eba2a291", "text": "Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color . The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters . Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color . In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor . Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27669e1fbfca9bf922ae67d0688e614", "text": "Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World Lo and Behold , Reveries of the Connected World is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Werner Herzog . In it , Herzog ponders the existential impact of the Internet , robotics , AI , the Internet of Things , and more on human life . The film premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival , and was sponsored by the company NetScout . The film contains interviews with Bob Kahn , Elon Musk , Sebastian Thrun , Ted Nelson , and other leaders of the technology world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca830f4d08e529fee74b94f6b1eecca5", "text": "Histoire(s) du cinéma Histoire ( s ) du cinéma ( -LSB- is.twaʁ dy si.ne.ma -RSB- ) is an 8-part video project begun by Jean-Luc Godard in the late 1980s and completed in 1998 . The longest , at 266 minutes , and one of the most complex of Godard 's films , Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is an examination of the history of the concept of cinema and how it relates to the 20th century ; in this sense , it can also be considered a critique of the 20th century and how it perceives itself . The project is considered by many the most important work of the late period of Godard 's career . Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is always referred to by its French title , because of the word play it implies : histoire means both `` history '' and `` story , '' and the s in parentheses gives the possibility of a plural . Therefore , the phrase Histoire ( s ) du cinéma simultaneously means The History of Cinema , Histories of Cinema , The Story of Cinema and Stories of Cinema . Similar double or triple meanings , as well as puns , are a recurring motif throughout Histoire ( s ) and much of Godard 's work . The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival . Nine years later , it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Festival . The soundtrack was released as a 5-CD boxed set on the ECM record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e3c92fdd7b9d2c4eae82d45f47519d", "text": "Ingo Petzke Ingo Petzke ( born 18 September 1947 in Belm near Osnabrück in Germany ) is an internationally acknowledged German film scholar , filmmaker and author . Ingo Petzke grew up in Osnabrück . He attended the Münster and Bochum universities and received his master 's degree in 1973 ( Journalism , Scandinavian Studies , Modern History ) . Petzke started his professional career in 1976 in Bad Oeynhausen as one of Germany 's youngest directors of an adult education school but fell more and more to the lure of Film . For several years he worked in the Festivalkommission of Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen and together with his students ( Heiko Daxl and others ) started the Osnabrück Experimentalfilm Workshop in 1980 which since 1988 is known as European Media Art Festival . In 1974 he was adjunct lecturer for film at Ruhr Universität Bochum and between 1978 -- 1983 at Universität Osnabrück . Since then he lectured in 29 countries , among them New Zealand , Hong Kong , Chile , Argentina , the US of A and Canada . In 1986 the Philippine government awarded him for „ International Contribution to Philippine Independent Cinema `` His ( experimental ) shorts screened at numerous domestic and foreign festivals . 1976 -- 2000 his company CINE PRO acted as sole German distributor specialised in Avant-garde/Experimental Film . During the 80s Petzke was a member of the Film Commission of Goethe-Institut - German Culture Institute , for which he curated several packages of Experimental films and Shorts . Since 1983 Petzke has been Professor for Film at the Design Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt . He lived and worked several turns in Australia : 1992 as Visiting Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane and 2001 - 2006 as Associate Professor at Bond University on the Gold Coast . In 2004 he earned his `` PhD by Published Works '' about Experimental Film . Additionally , he was awarded a Dr. phil . degree in 2006 at Universität Osnabrück with a film historical dissertation about Hollywood-based Australian feature film director Phillip Noyce . In 2008 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the James Cook University 's School of Creative Arts and in 2009 appointed Honorary Fellow of the Cairns Institute ( For Research in the Tropics ) , both in Far-North Queensland , Australia . His main areas of interest are the history of the international Avant-garde ( since 2008 , he is also Director of the ( German ) Research Center for Experimental Film ) and more recently Australian film . Also , he has frequently done research into curriculum development , particularly for the German Federal government . Petzke is a member of the German Film Critics Association ( VdFk ) and of Screen Producers Association of Australia ( SPAA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a67cb0c787b589b82d1872d19b2c40a", "text": "Herzogenburg Herzogenburg is a town in the district of Sankt Pölten-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0fb3dacabd19579d66cd88cd8c2fe9", "text": "FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania The FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania in Schwerin ( filmkunstfest Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , founded in 1991 -- just after the fall of the wall -- is today one of East Germany 's largest film festivals with more than 17,000 visitors . It has a competition for feature film , documentary film and short film to be produced or co-produced in Germany , Austria or Switzerland . The main prize is the Flying Ox ( Fliegender Ochse ) , a hint to the armorial bearings of the State of Mecklenburg , the Taurus . The main prize is endowed with 10.000 $ by the Ministry of Education , Science and Culture Mecklenburg-Pomerania . The Findling Award is by the umbrella organization of the art house cinemas , cultural cinemas and film clubs , the Verband für Filmkommunikation . The festival takes place usually in the first week of May .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "394f3b2af736c87529bd6a5a9ab8a5c0", "text": "Guido Seeber Guido Seeber ( 22 June 1879 in Chemnitz -- 2 July 1940 in Berlin ) was a German cinematographer and pioneer of early cinema . Seeber 's father , Clemens , was a photographer and therefore Seeber had experience with photography from an early age . In the summer of 1896 , he saw the first films of the Lumière Brothers and became fascinated by this new technology . He bought a film camera and devoted himself to the development of cinematography and of sound films . In 1908 he became technical manager of the film company Deutsche Bioscop and in 1909 directed his first film . His pioneering work as a cinematographer from this time on laid the foundations which other cameramen of German silent film such as Karl Freund , Fritz Arno Wagner and Carl Hoffman were able to build . In addition to his technical talents with the camera ( he developed several special effects techniques ) , his use of perspective and skillful contrasts between light and dark are noteworthy . His main collaborators were the directors Urban Gad , Lupu Pick , Georg Wilhelm Pabst und Paul Wegener and among his most important accomplishments are the shots of the Doppelgänger in Wegener 's Der Student von Prag ( The Student of Prague ) of 1913 and the moving camera shots in the films of Lupu Pick , particularly Sylvester ( 1923 ) , which can be seen as anticipating the so-called `` unchained camera '' of Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau 's The Last Laugh ( 1924 ) . Seeber created several animated works , including an advertisement entitle Kipho or Du musst zur Kipho ( You Must Go to Kino-Photo ) for a film and photography exhibition in Berlin in 1925 . Seeber continued to work into the sound era , but his work from this period is less significant . He had suffered a stroke in 1932 and after this he largely retired from active camera operation . However , he continued to be involved in the film industry , taking over the management of UFA 's animation department in 1935 and publishing several books for amateur filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608ee0789bd7de5059eccd7cd124b390", "text": "Directors Guild of Great Britain The Directors Guild of Great Britain ( DGGB ) is a professional organization which represents directors across all media , including film , television , theatre , radio , opera , commercials , music videos , corporate film/video and training , documentaries , multimedia and `` new technology '' . It has evolved to become an independent trade union and a non-profit limited company , asset-linked to the Directors Guild Trust , the charity arm of the Guild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f58b42b7d8bfee3135946f926ae75f41", "text": "Ludwig Wüst Ludwig Wüst ( born 29 April 1965 in Bavaria , Germany ) is an Austrian film director , scriptwriter and producer . Ludwig Wüst grew up in Bavaria . He moved to Vienna , where he studied acting and singing at the University of Music and Performing Arts . He has worked as theater director in Frankfurt , Berlin , the Opera Leipzig and in Vienna at the Wiener Festwochen . In 1998 Ludwig Wüst participated as an actor in the premiere of one of Hermann Nitsch 's Orgien Mysterien Theater performances . His first feature film KOMA ( 2009 ) raised a lot of attention from media and critics alike . Due to its realism , the style of his films has been compared to Michael Haneke , Ulrich Seidl or the Dardenne-brothers . His film TAPE END ( 2011 ) was shot in a single frame lasting 60 minutes without a single cut . During the actual shooting , director Ludwig Wüst was not present at the set leaving the actors alone guided only by certain instructions . The internet as a medium for film plays an important role in Ludwig Wüst 's work . The theatrical release of his debut feature KOMA in Austria happened simultaneously with a worldwide release as a video on demand on the internet . For the short film PASOLINICODE02112011 Wüst went a step further in using the internet as a platform for films . On 2 November 2011 , the anniversary of Pier Paolo Pasolini 's death in Ostia , the film had its world premiere exclusively on the internet . Later it was shown at film festivals and as a video installation at the Kunsthalle Wien . `` My Father 's House '' was first presented to the public at the 21er Haus , the Austrian museum for the art of the 21st century . Its world premiere took place at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival 2013 . The film is both a work of its own as well as the pilot for the `` Heimatfilm '' - project , an anthology film about how people across different generations cope with the question of belonging and home . `` Farewell '' was presented in 2014 , after a series of festival attendances , among them in Karlovy Vary , along with `` My Father 's House '' at the Austrian Film Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1686d6f28d1e6b56d4f902d0718bcb15", "text": "Filmverlag der Autoren Filmverlag der Autoren is a German film distributor that was founded in 1971 to help finance and distribute independent films by German Autorenfilm directors , that is directors who are renowned for predominantly adapting their own screenplays . Many directors of the New German Cinema movement were associated with it such as Werner Herzog , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Wim Wenders , and Alexander Kluge ; whose films were produced and distributed by the Filmverlag and many of whom were members of the Filmverlag 's board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a144e7ce30f29609067c1f399501e94", "text": "Hubert von Herkomer Sir Hubert von Herkomer ( born as Hubert Herkomer ; 26 May 1849 -- 31 March 1914 ) was a German born British painter , and also a pioneering film-director and composer . Though a very successful portraitist , especially of men , he is mainly remembered for his earlier works that took a realistic approach to the conditions of life of the poor . Hard Times , showing the family of a travelling day-labourer at the side of a road , is probably one of his best known works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ddf8469c94576afbedffd87d1b745ce", "text": "Paleogene The Paleogene ( -LSB- pronˈpæliːədʒiːn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈpeɪliːədʒiːn -RSB- also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene ; informally Lower Tertiary ) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya ) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya . It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon . The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small , simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period . This period consists of the Paleocene , Eocene and Oligocene epochs . The end of the Paleocene ( 55.5 / 54.8 Mya ) was marked by the Paleocene -- Eocene Thermal Maximum , one of the most significant periods of global change during the Cenozoic , which upset oceanic and atmospheric circulation and led to the extinction of numerous deep-sea benthic foraminifera and on land , a major turnover in mammals . The terms ` Paleogene System ' ( formal ) and ` lower Tertiary System ' ( informal ) are applied to the rocks deposited during the ` Paleogene Period ' . The somewhat confusing terminology seems to be due to attempts to deal with the comparatively fine subdivisions of time possible in the relatively recent geologic past , for which more details are preserved . By dividing the Tertiary Period into two periods instead of directly into five epochs , the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of ` periods ' of the preceding Mesozoic and Paleozoic Eras .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0397749a1275df1cbda56440209a26f9", "text": "Cernay Formation The Cernay Formation is a geologic formation in France . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f746f195cdb6b28ff3ff33b67e04f5", "text": "Asselian In the geologic timescale , the Asselian is the earliest geochronologic age or lowermost chronostratigraphic stage of the Permian . It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian epoch or series . The Asselian lasted between and million years ago ( Ma ) . It was preceded by the Gzhelian ( the latest or uppermost subdivision in the Carboniferous ) and followed by the Sakmarian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29030b0f672686c7ae349a7148919c71", "text": "Early Paleo-Eskimo The Early Paleoeskimo is one of three distinct periods of human occupation recognized by archaeologists in the eastern North American Arctic , the others being the Late Paleoeskimo and the Thule . Dates for these occupations vary according to specific geographic region and cultural historical perspective , but it is generally agreed that the first , the Early Paleoeskimo , spans roughly 4500 Before Present ( BP ) to 28-2300 BP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c7a84d9e2112fa3099db981b9be3fc", "text": "Seguin Formation The Seguin Formation is a geologic formation in Texas . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd9e8702e35af81920fadde829ef4b95", "text": "Geological formation A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy . A formation consists of a certain number of rock strata that have a comparable lithology , facies or other similar properties . Formations are not defined on the thickness of the rock strata they consist of and the thickness of different formations can therefore vary widely . The concept of formally defined layers or strata is central to the geologic discipline of stratigraphy . Formations can be divided into members and are themselves frequently parcelled together in groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c848d006d7a5dedf4330e25189d671b", "text": "Sadler effect The Sadler effect describes variation in apparent sediment accumulation rates and bed thicknesses back through time inherent to the geological sedimentary record . Peter Sadler analysed what structure you would expect in a stratigraphic section under the hypothesis that bigger geological events - episodes of deposition , erosion , and the gaps between those events - are rarer . He showed that under these conditions it is inevitable that , on average , thinner stratigraphic sections , which cover shorter amounts of time , record faster accumulation rates than thicker sections , which record longer amounts of time . The effect equivalently states that more ancient packages of sediment in the stratigraphic record will record slower sedimentation rates stretched over longer periods of time . For instance , it explains the fact that in general , the more ancient geological periods of the Phanerozoic are longer than the more recent ones ; i.e. , the periods of the Palaeozoic are much longer than those in the Cenozoic . Conversely , it also explains that the maximum sediment accumulation rates seen in the Cambrian at the start of the Phanerozoic are almost two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the Quaternary , at its end . The Sadler effect provides a powerful framework for understanding how information extracted from any given stratigraphic section differs from what should be expected under constant conditions - that is , it provides a null hypothesis for analysing stratigraphy . It also provides techniques to estimate the completeness of a given stratigraphic section on a given timescale . Sections are less complete at shorter timescales , which means that at sufficiently short timescales and for some purposes , some sedimentary successions may contain essentially no useful information . For example , the Sadler effect has since been used to investigate whether apparent increases in global sedimentation rates across the last 5 Ma are real ; how we might read the record of sediments deposited on continental margins ; to interpret fluvial processes such as river avulsion ; and to understand what information , and which processes at what timescales , can be preserved in sediments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12e59707c3771d0fe2ab1b4bdcf68b3", "text": "South American land mammal age The South American land mammal ages ( SALMA ) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleogene and continuing through to the Middle Pleistocene ( 0.33 Ma ) . These periods are referred to as ages , stages , or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained . The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement . This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another . If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon , then their age-range zones overlap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bae147e6924fd3ca9a56293b4e69c20b", "text": "Geology of South Wales South Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists , who have for long used the area for University field trips . This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century , when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport . Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath ( Gibson late 17th century ) . The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the underlying rocks . The first volume of memoirs ( 1846 ) published by the Geological Survey contained a conspectus of the geology of South Wales that set a template for all future work . Significant discoveries continue to be made . For instance , in Carmarthenshire , in the late 70s , John Cope detected a small area of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks . Other parts of South Wales , however , have not seen a Geological Survey officer since the mid-19th century . The geology of south Wales was central to the massive contribution Wales made to the Industrial Revolution . Several successive periods are represented , including all of the Palaeozoic periods . Pembrokeshire has outcrops of both Precambrian and Cambrian ( 542-488 million years ago ) rocks . A notable feature of the Ordovician system ( 488-444 million years old ) is a major subsidence area , or basin , which later filled with substantial thicknesses of mostly sandy and muddy sediment . The line of the shallower continental shelf area , to the south-east , ran approximately from the Long Mynd ( in Shropshire ) to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire . Some volcanic action also occurred . This thick sedimentary deposition continued into the Silurian period ( 444-416 million years old ) . Silurian volcanicity led to production of lavas at localised sites such as Skomer Island . Silurian rocks are widely distributed in south Wales and are well displayed on the Cardiganshire coast . The Silurian and earlier rocks were folded , faulted , and distorted several times , notably during the late Ordovician , and late Silurian , by which time the area had begun to rise above sea level as mountain ranges were uplifted to the north-west . This was caused by the collision of a proto-North America ( `` Laurentia '' ) and the present southern Britain ( `` Eastern Avalonia '' ) . The intervening sea , the Iapetus Ocean , closed as a result of plate tectonic movements , similar to those that now close the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa . The succeeding Devonian period ( 416-359 million years ago ) saw mostly alluvial deposits ( `` Old Red Sandstone '' ) , which were interrupted by major uplift . Following this , the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period ( 359-299 million years ago ) . In the early Carboniferous period , limestones were deposited on a continental shelf , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area . During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south , sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments ( see below ) containing economic developments of coal . Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire , the Gower Peninsula , the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield . At the end of the Carboniferous , during Permian ( 299-251 my ago ) time , Wales is thought to have been a landmass . Only in late Triassic ( 251-200 my ago ) times did deposition return , with coarse-grained screes forming around a series of low but rugged hills . Continuing deposition led to the formation of the early Jurassic deposits of mudstones and muddy limestones ( the `` Lias '' ) . Deposits later than this are almost completely absent , although the Chalk sea probably covered most of Wales between 100 and 66 million years ago . Any such later deposits have been eroded away . One of the geological rarities of south Wales is the coastline of St Brides Major at Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown . Its cliffs are composed partly of earliest Jurassic Sutton stone , a rare freestone that is a marginal or coastal deposit derived in part from erosion of carboniferous limestone . Sutton stone has always been highly regarded : as well as being used in construction throughout the Vale of Glamorgan , it was also shipped over the Bristol Channel to North Devon and North Cornwall , which are both deficient in limestone . A major geological feature of the Upper Carboniferous rocks in south Wales is the south Wales coalfield . The rocks comprising this important area were laid down during the later Carboniferous . This sedimentary succession includes a sequence with a thickness of more than 1800 m in the west . The coal measures were laid down on a low-lying waterlogged plain with peat mires immediately south of an ancient and persistent geological feature known as the Wales-London-Brabant High . Burial converted the peat deposits to thinner coal seams . Later earth movements distorted the coal-bearing strata , and the difficulty of mining led to premature closure of many mines on economic grounds , especially in Pembrokeshire where seams were squeezed completely out of shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb4e9b5c54cd34cc302b8e77f8521b6a", "text": "Tertiary Tertiary is the former term for the geologic period from 65 million to 2.58 million years ago , a time span that lies between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary . The Tertiary is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy , but the word is still widely used . The traditional span of the Tertiary has been divided between the Paleogene and Neogene Periods and extends to the first stage of the Pleistocene Epoch , the Gelasian stage . The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , at the start of the Cenozoic Era , and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "807c1f031c7c4d41e63df5278fa3b66d", "text": "Gzhelian The Gzhelian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column . It is the youngest stage of the Pennsylvanian , the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous . The Gzhelian lasted from to Ma . It follows the Kasimovian age/stage and is followed by the Asselian age/stage , the oldest subdivision of the Permian system . The Gzhelian is more or less coeval with the Stephanian stage of the regional stratigraphy of Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caf1805993ab43b951b72fd123e9fad", "text": "Illinoian (stage) The Illinoian Stage is the name used by Quaternary geologists in North America to designate the period c. 191,000 to c. 130,000 years ago , during the middle Pleistocene , when sediments comprising the Illinoian Glacial Lobe were deposited . It precedes the Sangamonian stage and follows the Pre-Illinoian Stage in North America . The Illinoian Stage is defined as the period of geologic time during which the glacial tills and outwash , which comprise the bulk of the Glasford Formation , accumulated to create the Illinoian Glacial Lobe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ad676fa7e865146d8f1ece5c4657218", "text": "Paleopathology Paleopathology , also spelled palaeopathology , is the study of ancient diseases . Studying pathologies , these abnormalities in biologic individuals and systems , may be intrinsic to the system itself ( examples : autoimmune disorders or traumatic arthritis ) or caused by an extrinsic factor ( examples : viruses or lead poisoning from pipes ) . Any living organism can have a pathology . Studies have historically focused on humans , but there is no evidence that humans are more prone to pathologies than any other animal . Paleopathology is an interdisciplinary science . The majority of the work has historically been done by anthropologists studying diseases in ancient cultures . Medically trained professionals have also made substantial contributions , especially in modern comparative studies . Paleontologists have sporadically contributed to the field , focusing on non-avian dinosaurs and Cenozoic mammals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "194e96a18e49bcb76706afeebb9ca977", "text": "Hordaland Formation The Hordaland Formation is a geologic formation in Norway . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971f03494fca0bd9fc5740f387f2e786", "text": "Clayton Formation The Clayton Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d6e401c87eff33f508143313a9b2222", "text": "Coal forest Coal forests were the vast swathes of wetlands that covered much of the Earth 's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) and Permian times . As vegetable matter from these forests decayed , enormous deposits of peat accumulated , which later changed into coal . Much of the carbon in the peat deposits produced by coal forests came from photosynthetic splitting of existing carbon dioxide , which released the accompanying split-off oxygen into the atmosphere . This process may have greatly increased the oxygen level , possibly as high as about 35 % , making the air more easily breathable by animals with inefficient respiratory systems , as indicated by the size of Meganeura compared to modern dragonflies . Coal forests covered tropical Euramerica ( Europe , eastern North America , northwesternmost Africa ) and Cathaysia ( mainly China ) . Climate change devastated these tropical rainforests during the Carboniferous period . The Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse was caused by a cooler drier climate that initially fragmented , then collapsed the rainforest ecosystem . During most of the rest of Carboniferous times , the coal forests were mainly restricted to refugia in North America ( such as the Appalachian and Illinois coal basins ) and central Europe . At the very end of the Carboniferous period , the coal forests underwent a resurgence , expanding mainly in eastern Asia , notably China ; they never recovered fully in Euramerica . The Chinese coal forests continued to flourish well into Permian times . This resurgence of the coal forests in very late Carboniferous times seems to have coincided with a lowering of global temperatures and a return of extensive polar ice in southern Gondwana , perhaps due to lessening of the greenhouse effect as the massive coal deposition process abstracted carbon dioxide from the atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bae3e1a91ebb2cbf01b4980c79e2e7", "text": "Arikareean The Arikareean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology ( NALMA ) , typically set from 30,600,000 to 20,800,000 years BP , a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Oligocene and Miocene epochs . The Arikareean is preceded by the Whitneyan and followed by the Hemingfordian NALMA stages . The Arikareean can be further divided into the substages of : late Late Arikareean : Lower boundary source , base of Geringian ( approximate ) early Late Arikareean : base of Geringian ( approximate ) . Upper boundary source : base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) . late Early Arikareean : Lower boundary source of base of Geringian ( approximate ) . Upper boundary source of base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) . early Early Arikareean ( shares lower boundary ) : Upper boundary source of base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bddcade99df657d53f799120cc38ac", "text": "Paleogenetics Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms . Emile Zuckerkandl and the physical chemist Linus Carl Pauling introduced the term `` paleogenetics '' in 1963 , in reference to the examination of possible applications in the reconstruction of past polypeptide sequences . The first sequence of an ancient DNA , isolated from a museum specimen of the extinct quagga , was published in 1984 by a team led by Allan Wilson . Paleogeneticists do not recreate actual organisms , but piece together ancient DNA sequences using various analytical methods . In many ways , an organism 's genetics are `` the only direct witnesses of extinct species and of evolutionary events '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "830639ddcf14735c22e8d338f7fdc770", "text": "Chronology of the universe The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology . The metric expansion of space is estimated to have begun 13.8 billion years ago . For the purposes of this summary , it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe into four parts : The very early universe , from the Planck epoch until the cosmic inflation , or the first picosecond of cosmic time ; this period is the domain of active theoretical research , currently beyond the grasp of most experiments in particle physics . The early universe , from the Quark epoch to the Photon epoch , or the first 380,000 years of cosmic time , when the familiar forces and elementary particles have emerged but the universe remains in the state of a plasma , followed by the `` Dark Ages '' , from 380,000 years to about 150 million years during which the universe was transparent but no large-scale structures had yet formed . The period of large-scale structure formation , including stellar evolution , galaxy formation and evolution and the formation of galaxy clusters and superclusters , from about 150 million years to present , and prospectively until about 100 billion years of cosmic time ; The thin disk of our galaxy began to form at about 5 billion years . The solar system formed at about 4.6 billion years ago , with the earliest traces of life on Earth emerging by about 3.5 billion years ago . The far future , after cessation of stellar formation , with various scenarios for the ultimate fate of the universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "777e48ee0c6f05c2118df099094742b2", "text": "Group (stratigraphy) A group in stratigraphy is a lithostratigraphic unit , a part of the geologic record or rock column that consists of defined rock strata . Groups are generally divided into individual formations . Groups may sometimes be divided into `` subgroups '' and are themselves sometimes grouped into `` supergroups '' . Some well known groups of northwestern Europe have in the past also been used as units for chronostratigraphy and geochronology . These are the Rotliegend , Zechstein ( both of Permian age ) , Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk , Keuper ( Triassic in age ) , Lias , Dogger and Malm ( Jurassic in age ) groups . Because of the confusion this causes , the official geologic timescale of the ICS does not contain any of these names any longer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3cbf84d00d4969ced60e41fe95e4fb1", "text": "Ordovician–Silurian extinction events The Ordovician -- Silurian extinction events , when combined , are the second-largest of the five major extinction events in Earth 's history in terms of percentage of genera that became extinct . This event greatly affected marine communities , which caused the disappearance of one third of all brachiopod and bryozoan families , as well as numerous groups of conodonts , trilobites , and graptolites . The Ordovician-Silurian extinction occurred during the Hirnantian stage of the Ordovician Period and the subsequent Rhuddanian stage of the Silurian Period . The last event is dated in the interval of 455 -- 430 Ma ago , i.e. , lasting from the Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian , thus including the extinction period . This event was the first of the big five Phanerozoic events and was the first to significantly affect animal-based communities . Almost all major taxonomic groups were affected during this extinction event . Extinction was global during this period , eliminating 49-60 % of marine genera and nearly 85 % of marine species . Brachiopods , bivalves , echinoderms , bryozoans and corals were particularly affected . Prior to the late Ordovician cooling , temperatures were relatively warm and it is the suddenness of the climate changes and the elimination of habitats due to sea-level fall that are believed to have precipitated the extinctions . The falling sea level disrupted or eliminated habitats along the continental shelves . Evidence for the glaciation was found through deposits in the Sahara Desert . A combination of lowering of sea level and glacially driven cooling were likely driving agents for the Ordovician mass extinction .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ceafd905edb1d43d52a861e06701ea31", "text": "Uruguay national football team The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association , the governing body for football in Uruguay . The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez . The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste ( The Sky Blue ) . The Uruguayan team recently won the 2011 Copa América . They have won the Copa América 15 times , being the team that has won the tournament on most occasions . The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice , including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts , defeating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final . They won their second title in 1950 , upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match , which received an attendance higher than any football match ever . They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice , in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Cup , before the creation of the World Cup . Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito , a tournament among former World Cup champions . In total , Uruguay have won 20 official titles , a world record for the most international titles held by any country . Another unique achievement of Uruguay is that it ´ s the only nation in world football to organize multiple major international tournaments in own country and win them all . La Celeste won 7 Copa América tournaments , 1 World Cup and Mundialito , all staged in Uruguay . Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants ( 2011 est. ) . Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population , 1.75 million inhabitants in 1930 . The second-smallest country , by population , to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978 . Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals ; only five nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay 's have ever participated in any World Cup : Northern Ireland ( three times ) , Slovenia ( twice ) , Wales , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "94c66051ebe8adbb748048dc0729f35f", "text": "Chile at the 2012 Summer Olympics Chile competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , from 27 July to 12 August 2012 . This nation has competed at every Olympic games , except the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States boycott . The Chile Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico de Chile , COCH ) sent a total of 35 athletes to the Games , 21 men and 14 women , to compete in 17 sports . There was only a single competitor in track cycling , judo , modern pentathlon , rowing , shooting , swimming and taekwondo . Among the sports played by the athletes , Chile made its Olympics debut in artistic gymnastics and Greco-Roman wrestling . The Chilean team featured six athletes who competed at their fourth Olympics : archer Denisse van Lamoen , épée fencer Paris Inostroza , table tennis player Berta Rodríguez and three of its oldest members from the equestrian jumping team . Van Lamoen was also appointed by the committee to carry the nation 's flag at the opening ceremony . With poor athletic performance and the absence of tennis players in the team , Chile failed to win a single medal for the first time in Olympic history since 1996 . Gymnast Tomás González missed out on an Olympic medal in London , after finishing fourth in men 's floor and vault exercises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b11f90d0f44666932714e24652d4de", "text": "Álvaro Gestido Álvaro Antonio Gestido Pose ( 17 May 1907 -- 18 January 1957 ) was a footballer from Uruguay . He was born in Montevideo . From 1926 to 1942 , he played for C.A. Peñarol . He also played 25 matches for the Uruguay national football team , winning the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the 1928 Summer Olympics . His brother Óscar Diego Gestido was President of Uruguay in 1967 . Category :1907 births Category :1930 FIFA World Cup players Category :1957 deaths Category : Sportspeople from Montevideo Category : Uruguayan footballers Category : Peñarol players Category : Uruguay international footballers Category : Olympic footballers of Uruguay Category : Footballers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Olympic gold medalists for Uruguay Category : FIFA World Cup-winning players Category : Olympic medalists in football Category : Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Association football midfielders", "title": "" }, { "docid": "483d83ba8bd85008eb8dbcc355caf633", "text": "Pista de Atletismo Darwin Piñeirúa Pista de Atletismo Darwin Piñeirúa '' ' is an athletic stadium in Montevideo , Uruguay . It is situated in the Parque Batlle near Estadio Centenario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7373ef2ccb4060a232be2b3848a5667", "text": "Peru at the 2016 Summer Olympics Peru competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . Since the nation 's official debut in 1936 , Peruvian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games throughout the modern era . Peru failed to register any athletes at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki . Peruvian Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico Peruano ) sent the nation 's largest delegation to the Games without any association to the women 's volleyball team for the first time in history . A total of 29 athletes , 17 men and 12 women , were selected to the Peruvian squad across eleven sports . Among the sporting events represented by the nation 's athletes , Peru marked its Olympic debut in artistic gymnastics and women 's freestyle wrestling , as well as its return to equestrian for more than three decades . Trap shooter and 1984 silver medalist Francisco Boza etched his name into the historic records as the first ever Peruvian to compete in eight Olympic Games . The oldest and the most experienced participant ( aged 52 ) , Boza reprised his role to lead the Peruvian team for the second time as the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony , the first doing so in Athens 2004 . Apart from Boza , seven other athletes were returning Olympians , with only two headed to their third Games , including marathoner Inés Melchor and Laser Radial sailor Paloma Schmidt . 21 Peruvian athletes made their Olympic debut in Rio de Janeiro ; the most notable were middle-distance runner and dual American citizen David Torrence and gymnast Ariana Orrego , the youngest of the roster ( aged 18 ) . Peru , however , failed to win a single medal in Rio de Janeiro , continuing a drought that began at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , where shooter Juan Giha took the bronze in the mixed skeet . Peru 's most successful outcome at these Games occurred in taekwondo , where Julissa Diez bounced back from her early elimination to finish seventh in the women 's 49 kg , losing the repechage bout to Thailand 's Panipak Wongpattanakit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be43fbc4e268fd72cfe728a3394a9975", "text": "El Salvador national under-23 football team The El Salvador U-23 men 's national football team is the national under-23 football team of El Salvador and is controlled by the Federación Salvadoreña de Fútbol . Its primary role is qualification into the Olympic Football Tournament , the next of which is to be held during the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a747c8370cdbb90468cd5e019d4b4a8", "text": "Paraguay national football team The Paraguay national football team is controlled by the Paraguayan Football Association ( Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol ) and represents Paraguay in men 's international football competitions . Paraguay is a member of CONMEBOL . The Albirroja has qualified for eight FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1930 , 1950 , 1958 , 1986 , 1998 , 2002 , 2006 and 2010 ) and has reached the second round of the competition on four occasions . A regular participant at the Copa América , Paraguay have been crowned champions of the competition on two occasions ( in 1953 and 1979 ) . Paraguay 's highest FIFA World Rankings is 8th ( March 2001 ) and lowest is 103 ( May 1995 ) , and was awarded second place with Best Move of the Year in 1996 . The national team 's most successful period was under the coaching of Argentine Gerardo Martino , who was awarded with the South American Coach of the Year in 2007 and took Paraguay to the quarter-final stages of a FIFA World Cup competition for the first time in history ( in 2010 ) and also to the final of the 2011 Copa América , where Paraguay finished as runners-up . In the entire national team 's history at the FIFA World Cup , both Carlos Gamarra and José Luis Chilavert hold the distinction of being selected as part of the All-Star Team , being for the 1998 edition . Paulo da Silva holds the most amount of appearances for the national team with 133 and Roque Santa Cruz is the all-time leading goal scorer with 32 goals . Denis Caniza , who was present with the national team from 1996 to 2010 , is the only player to have represented Paraguay in four consecutive FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39d09d2ad13495f6df2333bfed091fac", "text": "Schubert Gambetta Schúbert Gambetta Saint Léon ( 14 April 1920 -- 9 August 1991 ) was a Uruguayan footballer . He played as a half-back and was right-footed . Gambetta was a figure in the Maracanazo when he helped keep Zizinho and Ademir out of the game , which helped him to the 1950 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team . From 1940 to 1956 , he played for Club Nacional de Football , winning the Uruguayan championship ten times and captaining the team . He also earned 36 caps and scored three goals for the Uruguay national football team from 1941 to 1952 . He was part of Uruguay 's championship team at the 1950 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4156e530e1ef60770ea4d110e438738a", "text": "Brazil at the Olympics Brazil first participated at the Olympic Games in 1920 , after missing the previous five Summer editions . The country has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then , except for the 1928 Games . As of 2016 , Brazilian athletes have won a total of 129 medals in 15 different Summer sports . Brazil has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 1992 , though to this date no Brazilian athlete has won an Olympic medal in winter sports . The country 's best result at the Winter Olympics was a ninth place finish achieved by snowboarder Isabel Clark Ribeiro at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games . Since Brazil is mostly a tropical nation , the country 's most important results so far have been achieved at the Summer editions . Volleyball ( indoor and beach volley ) , sailing and judo are Brazil 's top medal-producing sports in the Summer editions . Brazil has hosted the Summer Olympic Games once , in 2016 . This edition marked the country 's most successful participation at the Summer Olympics to date , earning seven gold medals and nineteen medals overall . Brazil 's previous best result had been five gold medals earned at the 2004 edition , in Athens , and seventeen medals overall , earned at the 2012 edition , in London . One athlete from Brazil has been awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal : Vanderlei de Lima , a long-distance runner who was attacked by a spectator during the men 's marathon at the 2004 edition in Athens , Greece , when he was leading the race . Lima lost two places , winning the bronze medal . In spite of the situation , he still celebrated the third-place , showing good sportsmanship . The National Olympic Committee for Brazil is the Brazilian Olympic Committee . The entity was created in 1914 and recognized in 1935 . Rio de Janeiro in Brazil was the host city to the 2016 Summer Olympics . This marked the first time that any country in South America has hosted the games . This also marks the first time that a lusophone country hosted any edition of the Olympic Games . Rio was only the second city in Latin America to host the Summer Olympics , after Mexico City in 1968 , and Brazil was only the second country of the southern hemisphere to host the Olympics , after Australia in 1956 and 2000 . Brazil has never hosted a winter edition of the Olympic Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ce2394c1bef0830dd884ab5c0c5478", "text": "Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics The Football tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics was won by Hungary . The games signalled the arrival ( to Western Europeans at least ) of the Hungarian national football team -- the `` Magical Magyars '' . Ferenc Puskás later said of the 1952 competition : `` It was during the Olympics that our football first started to flow with real power . '' It was during the Games that Stanley Rous of English Football Association invited the Hungarians to play a friendly at Wembley the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4cdfdc919790da75cfe7aba8b57aebe", "text": "Panama national football team The Panama national football team ( Selección de fútbol de Panama ) represents Panama in international football . The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Panama , Panamanian Football Federation , which is a member of CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup . Panama has never qualified for the World Cup , but it has reached the final ( `` Hexagonal '' ) round of the CONCACAF qualifications for the 2006 , 2014 , and 2018 tournaments . Panama is currently competing in this stage . Panama came very close to advancing out of the fourth round of the qualifications for the 2014 World Cup . In their last match , which was against the USA , they led 2 -- 1 after 90 minutes and were posed to advance to a play-off against New Zealand , but they conceded two goals in stoppage time and were eliminated , with Mexico taking the playoff slot instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f0fb35d5135103a4af0a64e9481adf6", "text": "Time in Uruguay Uruguay is located at a longitude that would naturally put it in the UTC − 4 time zone , but it actually uses the UTC − 3 time zone . Uruguay used to observe daylight saving time ( UTC − 2 ) from October till March . On 30 June 2015 , the Uruguayan government decided to abolish DST , establishing the UTC − 3 timezone all year round , starting on December 2015 . The term `` UYT '' is used in and out of the country to convey specific Uruguay time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "563321cd69a9fc5972bd94acb270795a", "text": "Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament The men 's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August . Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men 's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions , from which 15 teams , plus the hosts Great Britain , reached the final tournament . Men 's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23 . It was the first major FIFA-organised men 's tournament to be held within the United Kingdom since the 1966 FIFA World Cup and was the first men 's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome . The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3de57cdf81cda77369ba7214f3113ba6", "text": "Óscar Tabárez Óscar Washington Tabárez Silva ( -LSB- ˈoskar taˈβaɾes -RSB- ; born 3 March 1947 ) , known as El Maestro ( The Teacher ) , is a Uruguayan football manager and former football player , who played as a defender . He is currently the manager of the Uruguay national team . After an unassuming career as a player and after working as a primary school teacher , Tabárez embarked on an extensive coaching career which has lasted more than 30 years and included coaching teams in Colombia , Argentina , Italy and Spain . He managed the Uruguay national football team from 1988 to 1990 , returning to the job for a second time in 2006 . He led the team to fourth place in the 2010 FIFA World Cup , and to victory in the 2011 Copa América . With Tabárez , Uruguay qualified for three World Cups , reaching the round of 16 two times , and the semi-finals once . On 25 March 2016 , Tabárez surpassed Francisco Maturana for the head coach with most World Cup qualifying games in South America with 47 , with the singularity that he has only managed Uruguay . Tabárez also is the fifth-ranked manager with most games at the Copa América with 26 , participating in five tournaments ( 1989 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 and 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b16bf0145f4ea1ac0b5ff4676c13a65", "text": "Smoking in Uruguay Smoking in Uruguay in enclosed public spaces became illegal on 1 March 2006 . On that date , bars , restaurants or offices where people are caught smoking began facing fines of more than $ 1,100 or a three-day closure . Uruguay was the first country in Latin America to ban smoking in enclosed public spaces . Anti-smoking groups estimate that as many as a third of Uruguay 's 3.4 million people smoke . Uruguayan President Tabaré Vázquez , an oncologist , has cited reports suggesting about seven people die each day in Uruguay from smoking-related causes including lung cancer , emphysema and other illnesses . To help promote the plan , president Vazquez launched a campaign called `` A Million Thanks , '' which is a reference to the number of Uruguayan smokers . So far , the campaign seems to have won these people over , as an opinion poll conducted by the Ministry of Public Health states that close to 70 % of the country 's smokers support the legislation . The president was the impetus behind the government-decreed measure , which is among the world 's toughest and is similar to bans already in place in Ireland , Sweden , and Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a21bc6501d2440c99463fd21a361eb", "text": "1984 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament The 1984 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament began on 8 February and ended on 21 February 1984 and was the 7th CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament . Argentina , Bolivia , Peru , and Uruguay did not participate . Brazil and Chile qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bd46c2dda7af912a0f48683e14f7fb5", "text": "2011 Copa América Final The 2011 Copa América Final was the final match of the 2011 Copa América , an international football tournament that was played in Argentina from 1 to 24 July 2011 . The match was played on 24 July at Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti in Buenos Aires , between Uruguay and Paraguay . Uruguay won the match 3 -- 0 to earn their 15th Copa América ; Paraguay , as the tournament runner-up , earned the Copa Bolivia . With the win , Uruguay earned the right to represent CONMEBOL in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ab3f12debd57b27fc3f3a0b7c8270fc", "text": "England 2018 FIFA World Cup bid England 2018 was the Football Association 's unsuccessful bid for the right to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup . FIFA invited bidding countries to bid for either the 2018 or the 2022 finals , or both . The FA initially decided to bid for both , but with the withdrawal of all non-European bids for the 2018 event , this bid , and that of all other European bidding nations , were effectively disqualified from eligibility for the 2022 edition . England 's bid was managed by England 2018/2022 Bidding Nation Ltd. . This company was established by The FA for the purpose of bringing the World Cup tournament to England for the first time since 1966 . England attempted to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup but lost out to Germany . England hosted the 1966 FIFA World Cup and had the campaign been successful , England would have become the sixth nation to host the World Cup for a second time . It won the right to host Euro ' 96 . Andy Anson , England 2018 Chief Executive , called for humility with England 's bid claiming they `` must not fall victim to arrogance '' and that lessons had been learned from the unsuccessful attempt to host the 2006 competition . Anson stated that `` the tone of this campaign has to be different .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a05007b64f5e879163f9dc4fa8b1d46", "text": "Mauricio González Sfeir Mauricio González Sfeir ( born 1956 ) is a petroleum company executive and president of the Bolivian professional football team La Paz F.C. . Mr. Gonzalez served as president of YPFB ( Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos ) and Secretary of Energy of Bolivia in the mid-1990s , contributing to the success of the Bolivia-Brazil natural gas pipeline . He is a co-author of the Baker Institute 's `` Americas Project . '' Mauricio Gonzalez studied economics at DePaul University and Yale University and finance & management at Harvard Business School . Furthermore , he pursued post-graduate studies at Oxford University , while on a Marshall Scholarship . During college , he was a summer intern at the Wall Street investment bank Goldman Sachs . After completing his university education and prior to returning to Bolivia , Mr. Gonzalez worked as an international management consultant in the London office of The Boston Consulting Group . Mr. Gonzalez has had a lifelong involvement with sport . He represented Bolivia in Junior Davis Cup tennis competition at the South American level ( once defeating Ricardo Ycaza in doubles ) , taught tennis at the Welby Van Horn Tennis Camp , and played on the tennis teams of DePaul University ( under legendary coach George Lott ) and Oxford University . He is a past president of The Strongest football club , a past president of the La Paz Football Association and a past vice-president of the Bolivian Football Federation ( Federación Boliviana de Fútbol ) . Mr. Gonzalez is a charismatic promoter of Bolivian football ( soccer ) , including junior and women 's divisions . He has also been a forceful spokesman and advocate for the proposition that the Bolivian national team and Bolivian club teams should be allowed to play official international matches -- including World Cup qualifying games -- in the high altitude cities of La Paz , Oruro , and Potosi . He is a leading member of an ad hoc committee of prominent Bolivians formed to design a strategy to campaign against the FIFA altitude ban . Media Coverage Numerous articles regarding Mr. Gonzalez 's advocacy in defense of Bolivian high-altitude football/soccer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11367cfbb0e92e10828f51d91099ac37", "text": "Uruguay A national rugby union team The Uruguay A national rugby union team are the second national rugby union team behind the Uruguay national side .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "085d312306831bd3ef3f097e96838461", "text": "Caitlyn Jenner Caitlyn Marie Jenner ( born October 28 , 1949 ) , formerly known as Bruce Jenner , is an American television personality and retired Olympic gold medal-winning decathlete . Jenner was a college football player for the Graceland Yellowjackets before incurring a knee injury that required surgery . Coach L. D. Weldon , who had coached Olympic decathlete Jack Parker , convinced Jenner to try the decathlon . After intense training , Jenner won the 1976 Olympics decathlon event at the Montreal Olympic Games , gaining fame as `` an all-American hero '' . Jenner set a third successive world record while winning the Olympics . The winner of the Olympic decathlon is traditionally given the unofficial title of `` world 's greatest athlete '' . With that stature , Jenner subsequently established a career in television , film , writing , auto racing , business and as a Playgirl cover model . Jenner has six children from marriages to wives Chrystie Crownover , Linda Thompson , and Kris Jenner . Since 2007 , Jenner has appeared on the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians with Kris , their daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner , and step-children Kourtney , Kim , Khloé , and Rob Kardashian . Previously identifying publicly as male , Jenner revealed her identity as a trans woman in April 2015 , publicly announcing her name change from Bruce to Caitlyn in a July 2015 Vanity Fair cover story . Her name and gender change became official on September 25 , 2015 . She has been called the most famous openly transgender woman in the world . From 2015 to 2016 , Jenner starred in the reality television series I Am Cait , which focused on her gender transition .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ff80104d7b5f2ddb28036db7d7028d01", "text": "Hormones: The Series Hormones ( Full title : Hormones Wai Wawun , from วัยว้าวุ่น ) , promoted as Hormones : The Series , is a Thai teen drama television series produced by GTH and first broadcast in 2013 . The show follows the lives and relationships of a group of secondary school students as they go through school and home life and face various issues . Breaking the mould of Thai television , which typically features Thai soap operas and sitcoms , Hormones was conceived with a style more commonly found in the U.S. and production values more usually associated with filmmaking . It also distinguished itself by featuring controversial issues such as teenage sex and pregnancy , homosexuality and school violence . The series ' first season was directed by Songyos Sugmakanan , and was broadcast on satellite channel GMM One and online from May to August 2013 . The series was positively received and , despite not being shown on free-to-air terrestrial television and being criticized for its content , proved extremely popular , prompting the creation of a second season . Directed by Kriangkrai Vachiratamporn , the second season began broadcasting in July 2014 . In September 2015 , Hormones 3 : The Final Season began broadcasting . The episodes of the final season were also released in the GTH 's official channel with official English subtitles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2de18ee60d25fe579db7451e9ee116", "text": "Ice & Coco Ice & Coco is an American syndicated entertainment talk show hosted by Ice-T and Coco Austin . The series premiered on August 3 , 2015 , and received a three-week test run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b46c044d583a299294a08494b95b6949", "text": "Maggie Gallagher Margaret Gallagher ( born September 14 , 1960 ) , better known by her working name Maggie Gallagher , is an American writer and socially conservative commentator . She wrote a syndicated column for Universal Press Syndicate from 1995 to 2013 and has written books . She serves as president of the Institute for Marriage and Public Policy , a nonprofit organization which lobbies on issues of marriage law . She is an executive committee member , former president and former chairman of the board of the National Organization for Marriage , which opposes same-sex marriage and other legal recognition of same-sex partnerships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2661a0d3777fe91688a3d4ed62228424", "text": "Let's Move! Flash Workout Let 's Move ! Flash Workout initiative by Beyoncé Knowles is a part of a larger Let 's Move ! campaign to end childhood obesity in the United States . The campaign was started by First Lady Michelle Obama . The Let 's Move ! Initiative has the goal of `` solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c585bae61b24845bf50c44627324ef1", "text": "Westwood One News Westwood One News is a radio news network operated by Westwood One through its parent company Cumulus Media . It launched on January 1 , 2015 . It provides radio stations with hourly newscasts delivered by Westwood One anchors as well as voiced reports that can be individually used by member stations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cc3c7508b6f49d213161a87cdbe3fc9", "text": "Say Her Name #SayHerName is a social movement that seeks to raise awareness for black female victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence in the United States . #SayHerName aims to change the public perception that victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence are predominantly male by highlighting the gender-specific ways in which black women , particularly black queer women and black transgender women , are disproportionately affected by fatal acts of racial injustice . In an effort to create a large social media presence alongside existing racial justice campaigns , such as #BlackLivesMatter and #BlackGirlsMatter , the African American Policy Forum ( AAPF ) coined the hashtag #SayHerName in February 2015 . In May 2015 , the AAPF released a report entitled `` Say Her Name : Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women , '' which outlined the goals and objectives of the #SayHerName movement . Following Sandra Bland 's fatal encounter with police in July 2015 , the AAPF , in conjunction with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School and Soros Justice Fellow , Andrea Ritchie , issued an updated version of the original report . The updated version includes a description of the circumstances surrounding Bland 's death , as well as several accounts detailing recent incidents of police-instigated violence against black women , including Tanisha Anderson and Rekia Boyd . In addition to these accounts , the report provides an analytical framework for understanding black women 's susceptibility to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence , as well as offers some suggestions on how to effectively mobilize various communities and empower them to advocate for racial justice . Drawing from the AAPF report , the #SayHerName movement strives to address the invisibilization of black women within mainstream media and , more specifically , the #BlackLivesMatter movement . Of the movement 's many agendas , one includes commemorating the women who have lost their lives due to police brutality and anti-Black violence . To advance this agenda , the AAPF , along with twenty local sponsors and the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School , organized a vigil on May 20 , 2015 , in New York City , where dozens gathered to demand that the public no longer ignore black women 's struggles against gendered , racialized violence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66f7a62a8f2d0967639e12e561ee86d", "text": "2015 New Year Honours The New Year Honours 2015 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries . The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January . The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour . They are arranged by the country ( in order of precedence ) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments , then by honour with grades , i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross , Knight/Dame Commander etc. , and then by divisions , i.e. Civil , Diplomatic and Military as appropriate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c584d167e9ac266a47926e04a842f961", "text": "2015 Dally M Awards The 2015 Dally M Awards were presented on Monday 28 September 2015 at Sydney 's Star Casino and was broadcast on Fox Sports . They are the official annual awards of the National Rugby League and are named after Dally Messenger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f57583a1204ffb9fb260591f3f75485", "text": "Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department . The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers . After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server . FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department . In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed . On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e805c3e9dbd6b52e284798b70302142", "text": "Celebrity Name Game Celebrity Name Game is an American syndicated game show which premiered on September 22 , 2014 . Based on the board game Identity Crisis ( created by Laura Robinson ) , the series was developed by Courteney Cox and David Arquette 's Coquette Productions , and was originally pitched as a primetime series for CBS with Craig Ferguson as host . The series was later picked up by FremantleMedia and Debmar-Mercury as a syndicated series for 2014 with Ferguson , who left The Late Late Show on December 19 , 2014 , remaining as host . The series marks Coquette 's first foray into game shows . The show was subsequently renewed for a second season , which premiered on September 21 , 2015 . On December 2 , 2016 , it was announced that the series would end after three seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77a15b474b9d6b8aff145986bc8697c4", "text": "Gender mainstreaming Gender mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned policy action , including legislation and programmes , in all areas and levels . Mainstreaming essentially offers a pluralistic approach that values the diversity among both men and women . The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi , Kenya . The idea has been pushed in the United Nations development community . The idea was formally featured in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing , China , and was cited in the document that resulted from the conference , the Beijing Platform for Action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e99edaf200a5487c7d70fcc65fda66", "text": "Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ( MACRA ) , commonly called the Permanent Doc Fix , is a law that establishes a new way to pay doctors who treat Medicare patients , revising the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 . Its reform is the largest in scale on the American health care system since the Affordable Care Act ( `` ObamaCare '' ) in 2010 . It changes the way Medicare doctors are reimbursed , fills in a funding gap and extends a popular children 's insurance program , CHIP . MACRA related regulations also address incentives for use of health IT by physicians and other care providers . Under MACRA , the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) is tasked with implementation of a Merit Based Incentive ( MIP ) an incentive program which consolidates the three existing incentive programs into one for eligible physicians . The legislation also allows for Advanced Alternative Payment Models ( APM ) in 2026 the conversion factor for both programs will be set at 0.75 % followed by each subsequent year . The Government Accountability Office in partnership with the DHHS are set to assist in the implementation of nationwide electronic health records ( EHR ) , while simultaneously comparing and selecting of such programs for providers ; the EHR goal is set for December 31 , 2018 under MACRA . The U.S. is set to transition from a fee for service system , which allowed physicians and providers to bill Medicare and Medicaid for services they provided to their patients , to a pay for performance based system using MIP , APM , and Accountable Care Organizations ( ACO ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7488cf4d7e351fe29c74800bfe2b4988", "text": "2014 Much Music Video Awards The 2014 Much Music Video Awards ( MMVAs ) was held on June 15 , 2014 outside the Much headquarters in downtown Toronto . Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner served as co-hosts for the show . The ceremony , which marked the 25th edition of the MMVAs , was simulcast live on Much and CTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92533cb78f597eb1d4b9c3d66c3d5d2d", "text": "Periods for Politicians Periods for Politicians ( originally Periods for Pence ) is a campaign launched by the women of Indiana in response to a controversial abortion bill passed by Republican Mike Pence , the fiftieth governor of Indiana , in March 2016 . The campaign encourages women to send emails , tweets and phone calls to the governor 's office reporting the progression of their menstrual cycles . The group 's Facebook page was created March 28 of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c03758f5f3b4ca8273c959802f6e80", "text": "Natural Causes (Skylar Grey album) Natural Causes is the third studio album by American recording artist Skylar Grey . It is her second album since her stage name change from Holly Brook to Skylar Grey . It was released on September 23 , 2016 , by KidinaKorner and Interscope Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1bf16957dfa790b4710576670fd62a0", "text": "Freshman 15 `` Freshman 15 '' is an expression commonly used in the United States and Canada that refers to an amount ( somewhat arbitrarily set at 15 pounds , and originally just 10 ) of weight gained during a student 's first year at college . In Australia and New Zealand it is sometimes referred to as First Year Fatties , Fresher Spread , or Fresher Five , the latter referring to a five-kilogram gain . The purported causes of this weight gain are increased alcohol intake and the consumption of fat and carbohydrate-rich cafeteria-style food and fast food in university dormitories . Many other causes include malnutrition , stress , and decreased levels of exercise . All of these factors can affect each person in a different way . Studies confirm many of these causes . Colleges and universities have recently been cracking down on this common problem and are trying to educate people on how to prevent it . This problem has grown so much that students are focusing on how to stop the freshman 15 before it happens . Despite how commonly the Freshman 15 is asserted , an Ohio State University study showed that the average college student gains only two to three pounds in their first year . Additionally , it showed that college students did not gain any more weight than non-college students of the same age , and that the only factor that increased weight gain was heavy drinking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fecba1c8f8151c0fef0e06481bc50eb7", "text": "LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland Attitudes in Ireland towards lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people are regarded as among the most liberal in the world . Ireland is notable for its transformation from a country holding overwhelmingly conservative attitudes toward LGBT issues to one holding overwhelmingly liberal ones in the space of a generation . In May 2015 , Ireland became the first country to legalise same-sex marriage on a national level by popular vote . The New York Times hailed the victory as putting Ireland at the `` vanguard of social change '' . Since July 2015 , transgender people in Ireland can self-declare their gender for the purpose of updating passports , driving licences , obtaining new birth certificates , and getting married . Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is legal in the state . Government recognition of LGBT rights in Ireland has expanded greatly over the past two decades . Homosexuality was decriminalised in 1993 , and most forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation are now outlawed . Ireland also forbids incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation . In 2015 a survey of 1000 individuals in Ireland found that 78 % of people are in support of same-sex marriage and 71 % of people think that same-sex couples should be allowed to adopt . A 2013 survey showed that 73 % of Irish people agreed that `` same sex marriage should be allowed in the Constitution '' . Earlier , a 2008 survey showed that 84 % of Irish people support civil marriage or civil partnerships for same-sex couples , with 58 % supporting full marriage rights in registry offices . The number who believe same-sex couples should only be allowed to have civil partnerships fell from 33 % to 26 % . A March 2011 The Sunday Times poll showed support for full civil marriage rights at 73 % . In July 2010 , the Oireachtas passed the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 , recognising civil partnerships between same-sex couples . The Bill passed all stages in the lower house ( Dáil ) , without the need for a vote , and by a margin of 48 votes to 4 in the upper house Seanad ( Senate ) . The bill was supported by all parties , although individual politicians have criticised the legislation . Since the Civil Partnership legislation has been fully enacted and implemented from the start of 2011 , gay and lesbian couples have been able to register their relationship before a registrar . The bill was signed by President Mary McAleese on 19 July 2010 . The Minister for Justice signed the commencement order for the act on 23 December 2010 . The law then came into force on 1 January 2011 . Due to the three-month waiting period for all civil ceremonies in Ireland , it had been expected that the first Civil Partnership ceremonies would take place in April . However , the legislation does provide a mechanism for exemptions to be sought through the courts , and the first partnership , which was between two men , was registered on 7 February 2011 . The first publicly celebrated Irish civil partnership under the Act took place in Dublin on 5 April 2011 . On 6 April 2015 , the Children and Family Relationships Bill 2015 was signed into law , amending ( among other acts ) the Adoption Act 2010 , to enable same-sex couples to jointly adopt children and step-children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db715ea112580abc28a7364a0ced7efe", "text": "Clark Janell Davis Clark Janell Davis ( born August 9 , 1997 ) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Lexington , Kentucky , who was crowned Miss Kentucky 2015 . She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aee214280e73e8ec1f7a6f49dab3165", "text": "Dash Dolls Dash Dolls is an American reality television series that premiered on the E! cable network , on September 20 , 2015 . The show is a spin-off of Keeping Up with the Kardashians . The series features a group of young female employees , referred to as Dash Dolls , working in the Dash boutique in Hollywood which is owned by the Kardashian sisters .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f2cb7aa17a909bf62e8423c365b1a285", "text": "Katherine Heigl Katherine Marie Heigl ( -LSB- ˈhaɪɡəl -RSB- born November 24 , 1978 ) is an American actress , film producer and former fashion model . She started her career as a child model with Wilhelmina Models before turning her attention to acting . She made her film debut in That Night ( 1992 ) and later appeared in My Father the Hero ( 1994 ) as well as Under Siege 2 : Dark Territory ( 1995 ) . From 1999 to 2002 , Heigl co-starred as Isabel Evans on the television series Roswell . Heigl played Izzie Stevens on the ABC medical drama Grey 's Anatomy from 2005 to 2010 , a role for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2007 . Heigl has also had a prominent film career , with appearances in Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , 27 Dresses ( 2008 ) , The Ugly Truth ( 2009 ) , Killers ( 2010 ) , Life As We Know It ( 2010 ) and New Year 's Eve ( 2011 ) . She played the lead role on the short-lived NBC television series State of Affairs from 2014 to 2015 . Additionally , she has established herself as a cover model , appearing in numerous publications including Maxim , Vanity Fair and Cosmopolitan . Heigl is married to singer Josh Kelley , with whom she has one son and two adopted daughters .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fc752bd8bc9166a2fd4dcc494732b03d", "text": "Little Annie Fanny Little Annie Fanny is a comics series by Harvey Kurtzman and Will Elder . It appeared in 107 two - to seven-page episodes in Playboy magazine from October 1962 to September 1988 . Little Annie Fanny is a humorous satire of contemporary American society and its sexual mores . Annie Fanny , the title character , is a statuesque , buxom young blonde woman who innocently finds herself nude in every episode . The series is notable for its painted , luminous color artwork and for being the first full-scale , multi-page comics feature in a major American publication . Kurtzman , a cartoonist , created the series at the culmination of his career . He had launched Mad magazine , worked briefly for Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner and on a series of solo and collaborative projects , then returned to working for Hefner with Little Annie Fanny . Each episode of the comic strip was designed and written by Kurtzman and rendered in oil , tempera , and watercolor by Elder . Hefner edited each episode , often requiring detailed changes to ensure that the series remained true to the magazine 's editorial style . Critical reaction was mixed , with most praising the elaborate , fully painted comic , but some dismissing it as falling short of Kurtzman 's full potential . The complete series was first collected into two volumes in 2000 and 2001 by Dark Horse Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64e42e7a4425fada07d3b98e967a6232", "text": "Heklina Heklina is the stage name of Stefan Grygelko , who founded Mother formerly Trannyshack ( 1996 ) , is an American actor , drag queen , and entrepreneur in San Francisco . Heklina is half-Icelandic and named herself after the Icelandic volcano Hekla .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689413656ccf1d5f2adb58bbfcc1c286", "text": "Haruka Tateishi is a Japanese model and actress who is represented by Ever Green Creative and later Hirata Office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ae589d9f84a54e6f718a0ee6a0981af", "text": "Christina Aguilera doll The Christina Aguilera doll was released in 2000 by Yaboom Toys . The celebrity doll featured the likeness of Christina Aguilera , with different outfits from her concerts , appearances , photoshoots , and music videos . Some dolls could `` sing '' when a button on their bellies was pressed . Yaboom planned `` talking dolls '' , but they were never developed . The other dolls were standard fashion dolls ( see Barbie ) made with help from Play Along Toys . They became a hit during the 2000 holiday season . Later on , the line was promoted less often , and was eventually discontinued before Christina released her 2002 album Stripped , with its more adult content . In a radio interview , Aguilera said that she thought the doll 's hair was too `` poofy , '' and that they looked nothing like her . In another interview , she talked about how the doll was created , `` I had to pose for it -- side views , back views , mug shots , '' she told Australia 's Daily Telegraph . `` Its weird looking like it . It 's like my Mini-Me '' . In Ecuador , there were Christina Dolls that had long hair . The dolls can still be found on eBay . There was also a very rare mini Christina Doll released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbcc2bdef613a39c3914a59710cad841", "text": "Tana Louise Tana Louise was a burlesque striptease artist , nicknamed the `` Cincinnati Sinner '' , in the 1950s . However , she was more famous as a fetish model . She contributed regularly to the fetish magazine Exotique , as both a columnist and model , she and even married the owner of the magazine , Leonard Burtman . Among the photographers that she worked with was Irving Klaw . In 1950 , she was accused of hitting fellow stripper , Emerald Forrest , over the head with a club . When asked of the charges , Louise responded : `` T'ain ' t so '' . By the late 1950s , her marriage to Burtman had begun to deteriorate , and they divorced . Soon after , she left the magazine and disappeared from the public eye . She was one of the most famous fetish models of her day , but , as time went on , she was overshadowed by her peer , Bettie Page . Louise was sued by Tina Louise for allegedly `` swiping her name and capitalizing on her fame '' . In the 1960s , Tana Louise and burlesque striptease artist Mara Gaye started an exotic bizarre costumes mail order catalog company called `` Tana and Mara '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e54b82eb24ec14c37345375dfd61a38a", "text": "Beatrice Alexander Bertha `` Beatrice '' Alexander Behrman ( March 9 , 1895 -- October 3 , 1990 ) , known as Madame Alexander , was an American dollmaker . Founder and owner of the Alexander Doll Company in New York City for 65 years , she introduced new materials and innovative designs to create lifelike dolls based on famous people and characters in books , films , music , and art . Among her notable creations were the Scarlett O'Hara doll , the Dionne quintuplets dolls , and a 36-doll set of the royal family and their guests at the 1953 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . During her stewardship , the company produced more than 5,000 dolls , many of which became collector 's items .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6bc2a0eaae476adba789abc6c28c29e", "text": "Kate Reily Kate Reily was a noted British dressmaker who had a shop at 11-12 Dover Street , London in the late 19th -- early 20th century . A New York branch of the enterprise was located at 277 Fifth Avenue , and a Chicago store was at 1305 Michigan Avenue . Reily designed dresses worn by bridesmaids at the elaborate 1889 wedding of Lord William Nevill and Miss Luisa Maria Carmen de Murrieta , at Brompton Oratory in London . The dresses were described in The New York Times as `` white silk dresses edged with otter fur '' worn with `` mouse-colored velvet hats with ostrich plumes . '' The New York Times reported in 1894 that the American branch of the business was purchased by the New York firm of Ehrich Brothers , which made `` magnificent costumes '' available `` for only a fraction of the original price . '' A labeled dress by Reily , a pale green silk satin with a brocaded floral and vine design , lace trim at the neckline and cuffs , net inserts at the neckline , and a wide satin sash with metal tassels , is in the collection of the Staten Island Historical Society ( Staten Island , New York City ) . Early in her career the French designer Madeleine Vionnet ( 1876 -- 1975 ) worked as a fitter with Reily .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "178b8ddf23b26b76c5ac45c9d12af80b", "text": "Kate Lambert Kate Lambert , known professionally as `` Kato '' , is a British model , fashion designer and entrepreneur . A native of Wales , Kato emigrated to the United States in 2007 . One of the most recognisable faces of the steampunk community , Kato has been called `` the supermodel of steampunk '' and steampunk 's `` it '' girl . Steampunk comic heroine Lady Mechanika was inspired by her iconic look , and her work has been featured in several books on steampunk art and fashion including International Steampunk Fashions , where her photo is featured prominently on the cover . Kato was also on the cover of the August 2014 issue of Bizarre Magazine , which referred to her as a `` steampunk idol '' and `` pin-up legend '' . She also graced the cover of the Spring 2012 issue of FEY Magazine , and also the covers of September 2012 Ladies of Steampunk and April 2013 LoSP Bronze Age ( NSFW ) magazines . In July 2016 she was on the cover of Phantasm Magazine 's steampunk issue , where she was referred to as `` The Queen of Steam '' . Kato is a frequent guest speaker at steampunk conventions , most recently Wild Wild West Con in Tucson , Arizona and Salt City Steamfest in Salt Lake City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d6d323667390facfbd37e926656c6fe", "text": "The Doll Maker of Kiang-Ning The Doll Maker of Kiang-Ning ( German : Der Puppenmacher von Kiang-Ning ) is a 1923 German silent fantasy film directed by Robert Wiene and starring Werner Krauss , Lia Eibenschütz and Ossip Runitsch . A doll maker in China crafts a puppet which he is convinced is lifelike . He takes it to exhibit at a public event , but is outraged to find an even more convincing and beautiful doll there . It is in fact a real woman pretending to be a doll , but he becomes so obsessed he attempts to steal her and the film ends with her rescue and his tragic death . The film had its premiere in Berlin in November 1923 . It received a universally negative reception from critics who were particularly unimpressed by the attempt to portray Chinese culture using German actors . The film continues a wider theme in the director Robert Wiene 's work which contrasts Western and Eastern cultures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9bcc060a9546b6e903ef51ba35e611a", "text": "Kay Unger Kay Unger is an American fashion designer . Until July 2012 she was the creative head and public face of Phoebe Company LLC and its brands ; Kay Unger New York , Phoebe Couture , Unger by Kay Unger and Kay J 's by Kay Unger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8205bfe77d306a8f49a8396b8238227a", "text": "Caroline Castigliano Caroline Castigliano ( c. 1960 - ) is a British fashion designer , noted for her elegant timeless classic wedding and evening wear dress ranges , the Caroline Castigliano Collection . In her early twenties she set up a business in Florida , ` Survival Kit ' , designing sportswear for women , which was sold in Macy 's , Bloomingdales and Saks . In 1990 , she returned to the UK and opened a bespoke bridalwear retail business and in the mid nineties worked with Jasper Conran . In 1996 she launched her first high end bridal dress collection . As of 2016 , Castigliano has a prestigious showroom located in Knightsbridge , London and a unique dedicated production facility in Lincolnshire ( UK ) . Dresses are sold via specialist stockists throughout the world . She has featured in interviews with Brides Magazine , Wedding Magazine and Wedding TV and featured on `` How the Rich Get Hitched '' which ran on Channel 4 in 2015", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f093e289f30753e18d9abae37c7823c", "text": "Anette Stai Karen Anette Stai , born 24 March 1961 , is a Norwegian model . She was one of the top fashion models in the 1980s . Stai won the first Supermodel of the World contest in 1980 . After a few years of working as a model Stai felt burnt out . She was offered a contract with L'Oréal but decided to quit being a model . She has since worked as a fashion photographer and fashion editor , and written books . She is married to Jan-Eric Arnesen . She has one son with Arnesen , one from a previous relationship and two stepsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67efb586725e54401e7c551df0b30672", "text": "Alex Lundqvist Alex Lundqvist ( born 14 April 1976 ) is a male Swedish model . He is a Model Actor and entrepreneur He currently resides in New York . His modeling career began in the summer of 1996 , when he met photographer Bruce Weber and Sean Patterson , a Wilhelmina agent , who tracked him down after spotting his photo in an obscure publication . Immediately , Versace booked him for a worldwide campaign with Helena Christensen shot by Bruce Weber . This led to doing the Lagerfeld campaigns in Europe and Guess in the US . He has appeared in magazines such as GQ , Playgirl , Elle , L'Uomo Vogue , Top Model and was interviewed on MTV 's House of Style with his best friend and fellow model Mark Vanderloo . He was chosen for the 1995 Guess campaign with Laetitia Casta and Valeria Mazza . He starred in the 2014 film The Limit as Chris . He is signed to Wilhelmina Models in New York City . He appeared as Fergie 's love interest in Fergie 's music video , `` Clumsy . '' He is married to Keytt Lundqvist . He speaks fluent English , Swedish and German , Italian and French . He is to appear in the upcoming Tokyo NY film in 2017 . Alex and Amber Valletta stars in the Oliver People 's 30 year anniversary Campaign shot by Peter Lindbergh . Alex is considered of the 10 most iconic male models of all time by Models.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e52d4632b9fb8bd0098ff568b45a41c2", "text": "Jovovich-Hawk Jovovich-Hawk was a clothing line created by models Milla Jovovich and Carmen Hawk in 2003 . The atelier was based in Los Angeles , with pieces sold at Fred Segal in Los Angeles , Harvey Nichols , and over 50 stores around the world . Vogue magazine praised the line for its `` girl-about-town cult status most designers spend years trying to achieve . '' Jovovich-Hawk had an annual turnover of $ 210 million . In the September 2008 issue of Lucky magazine , Jovovich announced that Jovovich-Hawk had ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b19eeb789af7553c0a68cf489e817cb", "text": "Louisa Gummer Louisa Jacobson Gummer ( born June 12 , 1991 ) is an American model with IMG Models in New York . She has shot campaigns for Dior , and appeared in Vanity Fair and Glamour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82462fe17412adc25c637a1c623ddee2", "text": "Mor Katzir Mor Katzir ( Hebrew : מור קציר ; born August 23 , 1980 ) is an Israeli model from Haifa , Israel . She has posed for ads for Cole Haan , Ann Taylor , Costume National , and Missoni , and in catalogs for Saks , JCrew , H&M , and Nordstroms . Her most notable editorial work includes the covers of L'Officiel , Elle ( France ) , and D ( Italy ) . She has also appeared in V , The Face , Another , and German Vogue . Katzir has walked the runway for fashion houses including Bottega Veneta , Burberry , Givenchy , and Rick Owens Katzir has been represented by agencies including 1 Model Mgmt NYC , Women Management Milan , and Women Management Paris . She is currently represented by Silent models in Paris . Her hobbies include Feng Shui and Chinese art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94af5b1e85a566dfe4aa6f5c5907fe4b", "text": "Keeley Hazell Keeley Hazell ( born 18 September 1986 ) is an English glamour model , actress , . Hazell became one of Britain 's most successful glamour models , working with brands such as Page 3 , FHM , Loaded , Nuts and Zoo Weekly . She has also made numerous television appearances and has , more recently , focused on her acting career , appearing in films such as Horrible Bosses 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b493098415eb9ffd3209d4763e11cff", "text": "Vollmer (company) Vollmer GmbH & Co.KG or Vollmer is a German manufacturer of model buildings and accessories for use with model railroads . The Vollmer Company was founded in 1946 by Wolfram K. Vollmer ( 1924 -- 2010 ) and initially manufactured metal collar buttons . The German currency reform of June 1948 and subsequent economic growth led to a demand for plastic collar buttons and the company introduced plastic injection technology . Vollmer also began to develop plastic model railway accessories and presented a patented catenary system for HO scale model toy trains at the 1949 Nuremberg Toy Fair . By 1954 , the company had begun production of HO-scale model houses . In the 1970s Vollmer had a large enterprise that included American models as well as European models . Vollmer GmbH is based in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen and produces an extensive range of houses , model railway and industrial buildings , vehicles , catenary and general accessories in G , H0 , TT , N and Z scales . In 2014 , Susanne Vollmer , director of the company , announced that the company will stop production and shut down business during 2014 . In summer 2014 Vollmer and Viessmann announced that Viessmann acquire the license in the brand Vollmer and that from September 2014 the Vollmer products will be available for the market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e3a6cc64fc837f7af4089fe9e050d14", "text": "Peter Som Peter Som ( born in 1970 ) is a Chinese American fashion designer . Born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area , Peter Som graduated from Connecticut College in 1993 with a degree in Art History . He continued his studies at the Parsons School of Design where he apprenticed with American designers , Michael Kors and Calvin Klein . At Parsons , his talent was recognized through competitions ; he won and was presented with the Parsons Gold Thimble Award by Isaac Mizrahi . After graduating , Peter Som pursued his career as a fashion designer by working under Bill Blass as Assistant Designer in 1998 . In 2001 Som created his own line and unveiled the collection with a showing at Bryant Park . In 2007 , he was appointed Creative Director of women 's wear for Bill Blass . He then left the company in 2008 to concentrate on his namesake label . In 2009 , Som became the Creative Consultant for Tommy Hilfiger , where he designed the women 's runway collection through to 2012 . His label is Peter Som . His collections have been featured in fashion publications including Vogue , W , Elle , Harper 's Bazaar , and InStyle . He has a clientele consisting of actresses such as Ginnifer Goodwin , Scarlett Johansson , Kate Mara , Allison Williams , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Natalie Portman , Liv Tyler , Amy Poehler , and Rashida Jones .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fe30803ed4ae97df6b6d9465a600f8b4", "text": "Venus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women 's tennis and who , along with younger sister Serena Williams , is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Ranked World No. 11 in singles as of January 28 , 2017 , Williams has been ranked World No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association on three occasions , for a total of 11 weeks . She first became the World No. 1 on February 25 , 2002 , the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era . On 10 June 2002 , Venus and Serena became the first sisters to hold the No. 1 and No. 2 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . On 7 June 2010 , Venus became co-No . 1 in doubles with Serena after they won their 4th consecutive grand slam doubles title at Roland Garros . By virtue of that doubles ascension , Venus became one of seven women to reach No. 1 in singles and No. 1 in doubles . On 21 June 2010 , Venus and Serena again occupied the No. 2 and No. 1 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . This came almost exactly 8 years after first accomplishing this feat . At the time , Venus had just celebrated her 30th birthday and Serena was three months shy of her 29th birthday , both ages at which many of their peers had retired . Her seven Grand Slam singles titles ties her twelfth on the all-time list , more than any other active female player except sister Serena . She has also won fourteen Grand Slam doubles titles and two mixed doubles titles . Her five Wimbledon singles titles ties her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list . Williams is one of four women to have won five or more Wimbledon singles titles in the Open Era . From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open , Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments held . She is one of only six women in the Open Era to win 200 or more main draw Grand Slam singles matches . At the 2017 French Open , Williams extended her record as the all-time leader , male or female , in Grand Slams played , with 74 . Furthermore , Williams ' run to the 2017 Australian Open Women 's Singles final set the record for longest span between singles slam finals in the open era at 20 years , the beginning of which was marked by her appearance in the singles final at the 1997 US Open . Williams has won four Olympic gold medals , one in singles and three in women 's doubles , along with a silver medal in mixed doubles . She and Serena have won more Olympic gold medals than any other tennis player , male or female . Venus also holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player , shared with Kathleen McKane Godfree . She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four separate Olympic Games . At the 2000 Sydney Olympics , Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at the same Olympic Games , after Helen Wills Moody in 1924 . With 49 singles titles , Williams is behind only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour . Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1 , 2000 . She is also one of only three active WTA players to have made the finals of all four Grand Slams , along with Serena and Russian Maria Sharapova . By winning her 49th career singles title at the 2016 Taiwan Open , Williams became the 5th oldest WTA Tour titlist in the Open Era , at 35 years , 7 months and 28 days . Williams has played against her sister in 27 professional matches since 1998 , and won 11 . They have played against each other in nine Grand Slam singles finals , with Venus holding a 2-7 record . Venus has 8 runner-up finishes in grand slam singles events with Martina Hingis being the only player other than Serena to beat Venus in a major final at the 1997 US Open . Beginning with the 2002 French Open , they opposed each other in four consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , the first time sisters had so met in the Open Era . On the other side , the pair have won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles playing alongside each other and are undefeated in Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d85edb68d38bab74084c9af672e2c63", "text": "2013 Western & Southern Open – Women's Singles Li Na was the defending champion , but lost to Serena Williams in the semifinals . Victoria Azarenka defeated Williams in the final 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 8 -- 6 ) to claim the title . Marion Bartoli played the last match of her professional career and retired after losing to Simona Halep in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b827d3267f7bca0747d608f5be9d4", "text": "Williams sisters rivalry Venus Williams and Serena Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 , and September 26 , 1981 , respectively ) are professional tennis players and sisters who have faced off 28 times in professional tournaments , most recently in the final of the 2017 Australian Open on 28 January 2017 , where Serena claimed a history-making 23rd grand slam . Serena leads their rivalry 17 -- 11 . Both Williams sisters have been ranked World No. 1 : Venus for a total of 11 weeks , beginning in February 2002 ; Serena for a total of 316 weeks , beginning in July 2002 . The Williams sisters are the only two women during the open era to play each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals : from the 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open . Serena won all four of these finals . Venus has won 49 singles titles over the course of her career , and Serena has won 72 . Although the rivalry is long established , and is very fierce in competition , the two sisters remain personally very close . They have won 22 titles when playing doubles together , including 14 Grand Slam titles and 3 Olympic gold medals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61365a37e8ee16cb24b7cff095254273", "text": "2012 BGL Luxembourg Open The 2012 BGL Luxembourg Open was a professional women 's tennis tournament played on hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the tournament , which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour . It took place in Luxembourg City , Luxembourg between 15 and 21 October 2011 . Venus Williams won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7c7cf88ef01730456bf1861c60e07b3", "text": "Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun , orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days . It has the longest rotation period ( 243 days ) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets . It has no natural satellites . It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty . It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon , reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 , bright enough to cast shadows at night and , though rare , occasionally be visible in broad daylight . Because Venus orbits within Earth 's orbit it is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun ; its maximum angular distance from the Sun ( elongation ) is 47.8 ° . Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth 's `` sister planet '' because of their similar size , mass , proximity to the Sun , and bulk composition . It is radically different from Earth in other respects . It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets , consisting of more than 96 % carbon dioxide . The atmospheric pressure at the planet 's surface is 92 times that of Earth , or roughly the pressure found 900 m underwater on Earth . Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System , with a mean surface temperature of 735 K , even though Mercury is closer to the Sun . Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid , preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light . It may have had water oceans in the past , but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect . The water has probably photodissociated , and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field . Venus 's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism . As one of the brightest objects in the sky , Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed . It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures , and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the `` morning star '' and `` evening star '' . Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky , as early as the second millennium BC . As the closest planet to Earth , Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration . It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft ( Mariner 2 in 1962 ) , and the first to be successfully landed on ( by Venera 7 in 1970 ) . Venus 's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light , and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991 . Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions , but they are hindered by Venus 's hostile surface conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9438a35946734638eb62f67c02ae47", "text": "2016 Australian Open – Main Draw Wildcard Entries The 2016 Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs and Entries was a group of events and internal selections to choose the eight men and eight women singles wildcard entries for the 2016 Australian Open , as well as seven male and seven female doubles teams plus eight mixed doubles teams . One wildcard each was given to the winners of the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff , a tournament between Australian players who did not receive direct entry into the draw . This took place from 14 to 20 December 2015 . In an agreement with the United States Tennis Association and the French Tennis Federation , Tennis Australia gives one man and one woman from the United States and France each a wildcard into the Australian Open . The French players were chosen by internal selection , while USTA awarded the entry to the player with the most points over three pre-selected events in USA over October and November 2015 . Since the Australian Open is promoted as the `` Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific '' , one male and one female player from this geographical area were awarded a wildcard . This was decided through the Asia-Pacific Australian Open Wildcard Playoff . At the same event , one male and one female doubles team won wildcards , and one wildcard each was contested in boys and girls singles . This took pace from 2 to 6 December 2015 . Remaining wildcards were awarded by internal Australian selection . For the first time , a new initiative was put in place for rewarding women 's wildcards . A wildcard race was put in place by Tennis Australia to offer the highest Australian points earner from the 2015 Canberra Tennis International and 2015 Bendigo Women 's International a main draw wildcard . The singles wildcard was won by Tammi Patterson and the doubles wildcard was won by Jessica Moore and Storm Sanders . Also for the first time , the winner of the girls ' 18 and under national championships was rewarded a main draw wildcard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88bf601ad0d90dd82be22141c3de2557", "text": "2013 French Open – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion . Sharapova advanced to the final before losing to Serena Williams 4 -- 6 , 4 -- 6 in her second French Open final , as well as her 16th major overall title . Williams ' victory earned her a multiple slam set in Women 's Singles . Future champion Garbiñe Muguruza entered the main draw in the competition for the first time , she lost to Jelena Janković in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226964a34eab5b245acc6ff3cc40ad2d", "text": "Women's World Chess Championship The Women 's World Chess Championship ( WWCC ) is played to determine the women 's world champion in chess . Like the World Chess Championship , it is administered by FIDE . Unlike with most sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee , where competition is either `` mixed '' ( containing everyone ) or split into men and women , in chess women are both allowed to compete in the `` open '' division ( including the World Chess Championship ) yet also have a separate Women 's Championship ( only open to females ) . Notably however , the top-rated female player for over 20 years ( with the highest FIDE rating in history of any woman ) , Judit Polgár , has never competed for the women 's title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dfa02cf008c1c99739d61e140b66577", "text": "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2 , 2009 , marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women 's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000 , when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there . Broadcast internationally on HBO , the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams , 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams , 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Janković , who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova . Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6 -- 3 , and Venus Williams won hers 6 -- 4 against Jelena Janković . The final was won by Serena 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 . Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King . The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton , and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan , race car driver Janet Guthrie , Billie Jean King 's long time double 's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports . A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women 's Sports Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9b53a8a91c35a50baba435c4f4093a", "text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 134th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men 's event ; however , on 18 August , the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury , while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women 's event . In the men 's singles competition , Marin Čilić won his maiden grand slam title ; while , Serena Williams won her Open era record tying sixth title in the women 's singles competition tying Chris Evert , and it was her eighteenth grand slam title tying Evert and Martina Navratilova . Winning the men 's doubles , Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan became the most victorious doubles team in Open era history at the tournament , and this was the team 's 100th title together and sixteenth grand slam title tying Todd Woodbridge for the Open era record . Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won women 's doubles competition title , becoming two-time grand slam champions with their victory at the 2013 French Open . The winning mixed doubles team was Sania Mirza and Bruno Soares , and for Mirza it was her third mixed doubles grand slam title in her career and Soares ' second grand slam title for his career . It was Soares ' second US Open title in mixed doubles , and it was the first for Mirza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08b945c5030c8ff4e1d13b2d6fb2893", "text": "Henin–S. Williams rivalry Tennis players Justine Henin from Belgium , former world No. 1 , and Serena Williams from the USA , current World No. 1 , who met 14 times during their careers . When Henin was an active player , their rivalry was one of the most heated and competitive between two female players on the WTA Tour ; their contests were not solely athletic in nature , but interpersonal as well . As of June 30 , 2013 , Williams leads the overall head-to-head series , 8 -- 6 . Henin retired for the second time in January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4ca5a975ca227dfb17d44adbc44b4", "text": "2017 Australian Open The 2017 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 16 -- 29 January 2017 . It was the 105th edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . As in previous years , the tournament 's title sponsor was Kia . Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber were the defending champions and both were unsuccessful in their title defense ; they lost to Denis Istomin and Coco Vandeweghe in the second and fourth rounds , respectively . For the first time since the 2004 French Open , both No. 1 seeds lost before the quarterfinals , with both Andy Murray and Kerber defeated in the fourth round . Roger Federer won his eighteenth men 's singles Grand Slam title by defeating Rafael Nadal in a five-set final . It was his first major title since 2012 Wimbledon and a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final , which Nadal won in five sets . Serena Williams overcame her sister Venus in the women 's singles final , surpassing Steffi Graf to become the player with the most major wins in the women 's game in the Open Era .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "27c0a7916eea0527ee02d83fe2c2195f", "text": "Eagles (band) The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey , Don Henley , Bernie Leadon , and Randy Meisner . With five number-one singles , six Grammy Awards , five American Music Awards , and six number one albums , the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s . At the end of the 20th century , two of their albums , Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and Hotel California , were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of `` The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine 's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . The Eagles are one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time , having sold more than 150 million records -- 100 million in the U.S. alone -- including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and 32 million copies of Hotel California . Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S. . They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history . The band released their debut album , Eagles , in 1972 , which spawned three top 40 singles : `` Take It Easy , '' `` Witchy Woman , '' and `` Peaceful Easy Feeling . '' Their next album , Desperado ( 1973 ) , was less successful than the first , only reaching number 41 on the charts ; neither of its singles reached the top 40 . However , the album does contain what would go on to be two of the band 's most popular tracks : `` Desperado '' and `` Tequila Sunrise . '' The band released On the Border in 1974 , adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album . The album generated two top 40 singles : `` Already Gone '' and their first number one , `` Best of My Love . '' Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles : `` One of These Nights , '' `` Lyin ' Eyes , '' and `` Take It to the Limit , '' the first hitting the top of the charts . Guitarist and vocalist , Joe Walsh , also joined the band in 1975 . The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California , which would go on to sell more than 16 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 32 million copies worldwide . The album yielded two number-one singles , `` New Kid in Town '' and `` Hotel California . '' They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run , which spawned three top 10 singles : `` Heartache Tonight , '' `` The Long Run , '' and `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' the lead single being another chart-topping hit . The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over , a mix of live and new studio tracks . They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2007 , the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden , their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number one album . The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album . In 2013 , they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band 's documentary release , History of the Eagles . Following the death of Frey in January 2016 , Henley stated in several interviews that he did n't think the band would perform again . However , in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5462e780d3bbda21083fee67dcdfda3b", "text": "The Long Run (song) `` The Long Run '' is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the Eagles . The sound of the song is viewed as a tribute to the Stax / Memphis rhythm and blues sound . It was the title track of their album The Long Run and was released as a single in November 1979 . It reached No. 8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in early 1980 . It was the second of three singles released from The Long Run album , preceded by `` Heartache Tonight , '' which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1979 , and followed by `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' which also reached No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 , in the spring of 1980 . The song was featured on the TV show WKRP in Cincinnati on the episode `` The Doctor 's Daughter '' . Specifically , Dr. Johnny Fever decides to air the recording and his programming director , Andy Travis is hysterical with delight that his popular DJ is playing a hit record for once . In his book The Heart of Rock & Soul : The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made the `` The Long Run '' , music critic Dave Marsh calls the song a complete ripoff of the 1972 R&B record `` Tryin ' to Live My Life Without You '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d25b1b906923dcef494e5473704061b0", "text": "The Long Run (album) The Long Run is the sixth studio album by American rock group the Eagles . It was released in 1979 , on Asylum in the United States and in the United Kingdom . This was the first Eagles album to feature Timothy B. Schmit , who had replaced founding member Randy Meisner . This was the band 's final studio album for Asylum Records .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "49903c4915e45b2b0e814816304911ec", "text": "The Humans (band) The Humans are a rock band featuring singer Toyah Willcox , former REM drummer Bill Rieflin and musician Chris Wong . The band have released three studio albums , We Are The Humans , Sugar Rush and Strange Tales , and have performed live in the UK , Estonia and the USA . The Humans were formed in 2007 when musician Robert Fripp , who is married to Toyah Willcox , was invited to play a short tour in Estonia . Fripp decided to decline the invitation because he was retired . Willcox then contacted the Estonian Embassy , who had issued the invitation , and offered to put an act together for the tour . On acceptance by the Embassy , Willcox then contacted friend and former R.E.M musician , Bill Rieflin and suggested a collaboration and to '' ... do something that is just completely off the wall -LSB- with -RSB- just one bass and a voice '' . Rieflin and Willcox hired musician and musical director Chris Wong , who had previously worked with Willcox on her solo music tours and concerts , and The Humans three-piece outfit was complete . The band released their debut album We are the Humans on 1 May 2009 . The release was celebrated with a concert at the Tartu Music Festival , where the band was joined by Fripp on guitar . The Humans released their second album Sugar Rush on 27 September 2011 . A third , digital-only , album entitled Strange Tales was released worldwide in March 2014 . A UK tour , Telling Strange Tales , is scheduled for April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f324aa85ec77748e798e948f8c4560", "text": "The Good Rats The Good Rats are an American rock band from Long Island , New York . Their music mixes elements of rock with blues and pop . They are best-known on their native Long Island , although they had some success nationally and internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5fbf811a9b494cf0abb0da52a720c89", "text": "Big September Big September are a band from Bray . They have performed on The Late Late Show , the world 's longest-running talk show , appearing alongside Colin Farrell and José Carreras . They have also performed for charity . Their debut album , Ballroom Addicts , was released in 2014 and hit number one on the Independent Album Charts and number six in the Official Album Charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a4b54fcdca649e93c4f5f6b8dfbd36", "text": "The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band . They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) . After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax . Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' . Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01d922421d9296a90510f57f33a7bf7", "text": "Run&Gun Run & Gun is a four-member Japanese pop group which has released numerous singles , albums and DVDs and have performed some live concerts . Run & Gun started their career in 2001 , with their first single `` Lay up '' , written by Daisuke Asakura . Asakura continued to write songs for the group until 2002 . `` Loop '' was the group 's first single independent from Asakura , they released four more singles until the first album , `` Face '' , was released in 2003 . However , in 2008 they stated that they were n't planning on making any more music and will instead focus on plays and musicals , both individually and as a group . They are best known outside Japan for their song Mi-Ra-I , which was produced for the animated television series Sonic X , and the musical adaptation of the Air Gear manga , in which they starred as Team Bacchus , an original team made for the musical . In the second installment Ryuji Kamiyama took over the role of Ikki . One of the members , Yuya Miyashita , provides the voice of Yusei Fudo in Yu-Gi-Oh ! 5D 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f8934207166f5566720807c0c9f8974", "text": "Long run and short run In microeconomics , the long run is the conceptual time period in which there are no fixed factors of production , so that there are no constraints preventing changing the output level by changing the capital stock or by entering or leaving an industry . The long run contrasts with the short run , in which some factors are variable and others are fixed , constraining entry or exit from an industry . In macroeconomics , the long run is the period when the general price level , contractual wage rates , and expectations adjust fully to the state of the economy , in contrast to the short run when these variables may not fully adjust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b7b72fe45812806738e707e167371b", "text": "Long Promised Road `` Long Promised Road '' is a song written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley for the American rock band The Beach Boys . It was first released as a single in May 1971 , and did not chart . It was then released on their 1971 album Surf 's Up , and was re-released as a single , with a different b-side , '' 'Til I Die '' , in October of the same year . This time it made it to # 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Aside from a few guitar parts written in the early days of the band , the song is Carl Wilson 's first composition ; he plays all of the instruments and handles the lead vocal on the track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "346ad9f9977edad9d66cc88bcc5a3dfd", "text": "Echoes (Pink Floyd song) `` Echoes '' is a composition by Pink Floyd including fully extended instrumental passages , continuous sound effects , and musical improvisation . Written in 1970 by all four members of the group , `` Echoes '' provides the extended finale to Pink Floyd 's album Meddle . The track has a running time of 23:31 and takes up the entire second side of the vinyl and cassette recordings . It also appears in shortened form as the fifth track on the compilation album which took its name , Echoes : The Best of Pink Floyd . `` Echoes '' is the third-longest song in Pink Floyd 's catalogue , after `` Atom Heart Mother '' ( 23:44 ) and the combined segments of `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond '' ( 26:01 ) . Unlike those pieces , it is not explicitly divided into separate parts ; however , the composition was originally assembled from separate fragments and was later split in two parts to serve as both the opening and closing numbers in the band 's film Live at Pompeii . It retains the title as the longest song by Pink Floyd that is not split into parts . The song was used to open the band 's 1987 A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour after not being played for over a decade , but was retired again after 11 shows . The song was finally revived again for Gilmour 's 2006 On an Island Tour where it was performed every night and a live version was released on Live in Gdańsk and Remember That Night .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b38c8fcd03d51e75962f8e0cb6aa636", "text": "Papa Doo Run Run Papa Doo Run Run is a band from Cupertino , California , United States , that specializes in covers of songs from the heyday of surf music in the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5a60b8c30fcc75d800db2b148932667", "text": "REO Speedwagon REO Speedwagon ( originally styled as R.E.O. Speedwagon ) is an American rock band . Formed in 1967 , the band cultivated a following during the 1970s and achieved significant commercial success throughout the 1980s . Hi Infidelity ( 1980 ) contained four US Top 40 hits and is the group 's best-selling album , with over ten million copies sold . Over the course of its career , the band has sold more than 40 million records and has charted thirteen Top 40 hits , including the number ones `` Keep On Loving You '' and `` Ca n't Fight This Feeling '' . REO Speedwagon 's mainstream popularity dissipated in the 1990s but the band remains a popular live act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "250d03cf1fe3a52acf1849ac82632849", "text": "Long Ago (and Far Away) `` Long Ago ( and Far Away ) '' is a popular song from the 1944 Technicolor film musical Cover Girl starring Rita Hayworth and Gene Kelly and released by Columbia Pictures . The music was written by Jerome Kern , and the lyrics were written by Ira Gershwin . The song was published in 1944 and sold over 600,000 copies in sheet music in a year . In 2004 it finished # 92 in AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema . In the film it is sung by Rita Hayworth ( dubbed by Martha Mears ) to Gene Kelly , and later briefly reprised by Jinx Falkenburg . Charting versions were recorded almost simultaneously by Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest , Bing Crosby , Jo Stafford , and Perry Como . The Dick Haymes-Helen Forrest recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 23317 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on April 27 , 1944 and lasted 11 weeks on the chart , peaking at # 2 . The Jo Stafford recording was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 153 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on May 4 , 1944 and lasted 12 weeks on the chart , peaking at # 6 . The Perry Como recording was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-1569 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on May 11 , 1944 and lasted three weeks on the chart , peaking at # 8 . The Bing Crosby recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 18608 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on June 29 , 1944 and lasted four weeks on the chart , peaking at # 5 . The flip side , `` Amor , '' also charted , making this a two-sided hit . Johnny Desmond sang it in German with Glenn Miller and the American Band of the AEF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e5796963765de8cab77f20ec4375dc", "text": "Running (The Desert Rose Band album) Running is the second studio album by the American country music/country rock group The Desert Rose Band . It was released September 6 , 1988 via MCA/Curb . The album peaked at # 26 on the Top Country Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ae4e1cf71c9c40762d47cfeb5d13f6", "text": "Eight Miles High `` Eight Miles High '' is a song by the American rock band the Byrds , written by Gene Clark , Jim McGuinn ( a.k.a. Roger McGuinn ) , and David Crosby and first released as a single on March 14 , 1966 ( see 1966 in music ) . Musically influenced by Ravi Shankar and John Coltrane , `` Eight Miles High '' , along with its McGuinn and Crosby-penned B-side `` Why '' , was influential in developing the musical styles of psychedelic rock , raga rock , and psychedelic pop . Accordingly , critics often cite `` Eight Miles High '' as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song , as well as a classic of the counterculture era . The song was subject to a U.S. radio ban shortly after its release , following allegations published in the broadcasting trade journal the Gavin Report regarding perceived drug connotations in its lyrics . The band strenuously denied these allegations at the time , but in later years both Clark and Crosby admitted that the song was at least partly inspired by their own drug use . The failure of `` Eight Miles High '' to reach the Billboard Top 10 is usually attributed to the broadcasting ban , but some commentators have suggested that the song 's complexity and uncommercial nature were greater factors . `` Eight Miles High '' reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 24 in the UK Singles Chart . The song was also included on the band 's third album , Fifth Dimension , which was released on July 18 , 1966 . `` Eight Miles High '' became the Byrds ' third and final U.S. Top 20 hit , and was also their last release before the departure of Gene Clark , the band 's principal songwriter at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4188333b2a201a1ad26c0910288def10", "text": "Long Live the King (EP) Long Live the King is an EP by the American indie rock band The Decemberists , released on November 1 , 2011 , on Capitol . The release is composed of out-takes from their sixth studio album , The King Is Dead . The titles of both combine to create the traditional proclamation , `` The king is dead , long live the king ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7348a98768a03000acfaaafdfa40666a", "text": "Long Run (horse) Long Run is a retired National Hunt racehorse owned by Robert Waley-Cohen and trained during his racing career by Nicky Henderson in Great Britain and later by his owner .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa754b8394f967f865ae171dda8db815", "text": "Little Mix Little Mix are a British girl group formed in 2011 during the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor . They are the first and , so far , only group to win the competition . Following their victory , they signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Music and released a cover of Damien Rice 's `` Cannonball '' as their winner 's single . The members are Jade Thirlwall , Perrie Edwards , Leigh-Anne Pinnock , and Jesy Nelson . Little Mix released their debut album DNA in 2012 , which peaked inside the top 10 in ten countries including the UK and US . This made Little Mix the first girl group since the Pussycat Dolls to reach the US top 5 with their debut album , as well as earning the highest debut US chart position by a British girl group , breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls . In the UK , the album spawned the number-one single `` Wings '' . The group 's sophomore effort Salute , which was released in 2013 , became their second album to debut inside the top 10 in both the UK and US . The album produced two top 10 singles in their home country ; `` Move '' and `` Salute '' . Little Mix released their third studio album Get Weird in 2015 and it is their best-selling and longest charting album to date in the UK . The album 's lead single `` Black Magic '' reached number one in the UK and was also nominated for two Brit Awards in 2016 . The group 's 2016 fourth studio album Glory Days became their first number one album in the UK and was also the longest reigning girl group Number 1 since the Spice Girls ' debut album 20 years ago . The album 's lead single `` Shout Out to My Ex '' became the group 's fourth UK number one single , while the second single `` Touch '' became the group 's tenth top ten hit in the UK Singles Chart . The group won Best British Single for `` Shout Out to My Ex '' at the 2017 Brit Awards , they have also received several other awards during their career , including two MTV Europe Music Awards , two Teen Choice Awards and two Glamour Awards . As of October 2016 the group has achieved four platinum certified albums and eleven certified singles in the UK . With four UK number one singles and highest first week UK album sales for a girl band since the Spice Girls , Little Mix are one of the most successful female acts in contemporary British popular culture : they appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK . Little Mix currently holds the record for the most VEVO Certified Videos for a British female artist , pushing Adele into second place , and also the most certified videos for a girl group . The group has 10 certified videos in total .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68aaeafba65382af394403af61664a32", "text": "Girl group A girl group is a music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together . The term `` girl group '' is also used in a narrower sense in the United States to denote the wave of American female pop music singing groups , many of whom were influenced by doo-wop , and which flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s between the decline of early rock and roll and start of the British Invasion . All-female bands , in which members also play instruments , are usually considered a separate phenomenon . These groups are sometimes called `` girl bands '' to differentiate , although this terminology is not universally followed . With the advent of the music industry and radio broadcasting , a number of girl groups emerged , such as the Andrews Sisters . The late 1950s saw the emergence of all-female singing groups as a major force , with 750 distinct girl groups releasing songs that reached US and UK music charts from 1960 to 1966 . The Supremes alone held 12 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 during the height of the wave and throughout most of the British Invasion rivaled the Beatles in popularity . In later eras , the girl group template would be applied to disco , contemporary R&B , and country-based formats , as well as pop . A more globalized music industry saw the extreme popularity of dance-oriented pop music led by major record labels . This emergence , led by the US , UK , South Korea , and Japan , produced extremely popular acts , with eight groups debuting after 1990 having sold more than 15 million physical copies of their albums . Also , since the late 2000s , South Korea has had a significant impact , with 8 of the top 10 girl groups by digital sales in the world originating there .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2f70846c000de5e23eb8da0cfee94fc8", "text": "Girls (band) Girls was an American indie rock band , formed in San Francisco in 2007 . The band comprised two key members : Christopher Owens , songwriter and lead singer , and Chet `` JR '' White , who played bass and produced . Girls ' sound was heavily inspired by the music of the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s , with their sound being described as lo-fi , surf rock , rock and roll , psychedelic rock , pop rock , country rock and garage rock . Girls ' debut full-length , Album , was released in 2009 to critical acclaim . Its 2011 follow-up , Father , Son , Holy Ghost , was also well-received . On July 2 , 2012 , Owens announced that he was leaving the band and would continue to record as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78e1436e2e6da6f0d9a532483a021ad8", "text": "Just a Little While `` Just a Little While '' is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released as the lead single from her eighth studio album , Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Written by Jackson and Dallas Austin , the song fuses pop with elements of rock , dance , and funk , and is a reflection of Jackson 's new-found happiness . The song leaked ahead of its scheduled release , causing Jackson 's record company to rush with a music video and promotion . It was released following Jackson 's controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident on February 2 , 2004 , as the lead single from Damita Jo . `` Just a Little While '' received favorable reception from critics , who felt its elements of rock and dance-pop would ensure success . However , following the Super Bowl incident , Jackson 's singles and music videos were blacklisted on many radio formats and music channels worldwide , affecting the song 's performance . Although its success in the US was limited , peaking at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 , it peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . Internationally , it was more successful , reaching the top ten in Belgium , Canada , and Spain and the top twenty in Australia and The United Kingdom . It peaked at number one in Japan for five weeks , and was the year 's second-biggest hit on Japan 's international airplay chart . The song 's music video , directed by Dave Meyers , was released exclusively in international territories due to the controversy surrounding Jackson at the time . It portrays Jackson filming a DVD for her boyfriend in a futuristic apartment setting , displaying her multiple personae . An alternate live video , filmed in London , was included on Jackson 's From janet . to Damita Jo compilation . Jackson performed the song on television shows including Top of the Pops , Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! , and Festivalbar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50480fb8b6913babe5bda86bd283fb50", "text": "Mix 96 (Aylesbury) Mix 96 is the Independent Local Radio station for the town of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "924cf7a526a4df9677c9b4ddb263658d", "text": "Little Sister (band) Little Sister was an American all-female vocal harmony group , which served primarily as the background vocalists for the influential rock/funk band Sly and the Family Stone in concert and on record . Originally a gospel music group called The Heavenly Tones , Little Sister was composed of Vet Stewart ( Family Stone frontman Sly Stone 's little sister ) , Mary McCreary , and Elva Mouton , and became a recording act of its own for a brief period in 1970-1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aff6c5bc1f32eb98fb6b989bca86050", "text": "Change Your Life (Little Mix song) `` Change Your Life '' is a song recorded by British girl group Little Mix for their debut studio album , DNA ( 2012 ) . It was written by Richard `` Biff '' Stannard , Tim Powell , Ash Howes and Little Mix , while its production was handled by Stannard and Powell . `` Change Your Life '' was written while the group were on The X Factor Tour and it was the first song composed for the album . It was written based on the group 's experience on The X Factor and their fans . Syco serviced the song , the third single from DNA , to radio stations in the United Kingdom on 5 January 2013 . It was released for digital download on 15 February 2013 . The song has themes of girl power , perseverance and self-empowerment . A mid-tempo pop power ballad , `` Change Your Life '' exhibits the influence of soul and urban contemporary music . Instrumentation includes tumbling R&B piano lines and a pulsating , driving backbeat . The contemporary sound provided by its instrumentation has similarities to several songs produced by Coldplay and Ryan Tedder . `` Change Your Life '' attracted mixed to positive reviews from critics , most of whom considered it a highlight on DNA , commending the group 's harmonies and the song 's inspirational lyrics . Some reviewers , however , felt that it was weak and poor alternative to the album 's lead single , `` Wings '' ( 2012 ) . `` Change Your Life '' reached number 12 in Ireland and the United Kingdom , becoming Little Mix 's fourth consecutive top 20 hit in both countries . It also became their second top ten hit in Australia , peaking at number 8 . `` Change Your Life '' was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association . The accompanying music video was released on 31 January 2013 . Filmed backstage at the group 's DNA Tour and on their tour bus , it shows the group bonding with each other . Met with mixed reviews , critics likened it to Spice Girls ' 1997 music video , `` Mama '' . Little Mix have performed `` Change Your Life '' on television shows Dancing on Ice , The Graham Norton Show and This Morning and during their DNA Tour ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c7bfb622b3fa4b00e26e39a30b6e78", "text": "Mix (magazine) Mix magazine is a periodical , billing itself as `` the world 's leading magazine for the professional recording and sound production technology industry '' . The magazine is headquartered in New York City and distributed in 94 countries . Its Korean version , Mix Korea , was started in 2007 . Mix is published by NewBay Media , who bought it from Penton Media in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70019a21b04f8e83bbc1424444aabb2b", "text": "Dance Mix Dance Mix is the first remix album by the Turkish pop singer , Murat Boz . It was released on August 14 , 2012 . Includes 8 remixes and the remake of the song `` Yazmışsa Bozmak Olmaz '' feat Ozan Doğulu , 1993 hit from the Turkish singer Kenan Doğulu . The first single of `` Dance Mix '' is '' Özledim ( Gurcell Club Mix ) '' released on September 17 , 2012 , accompanied by a music video directed by Nihat Odabaşı . On April 12 , 2013 both remixed songs '' Özledim ( Gurcell Club Mix ) '' and `` Geri Dönüş Olsa ( Erdem Kınay Remix ) '' won on the category of `` Best Remix '' on Kral TV Turkish Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8a4ce66889086fec618f96a32c3e5f", "text": "Some Girls (band) For the punk band see Some Girls ( California band ) . Some Girls ( formed in 2001 ) is an American indie rock trio composed of Juliana Hatfield ( guitar and vocals ) , Heidi Gluck ( electric bass guitar , keyboard , harmonica , lap steel guitar , and vocals ) and Freda Love Smith ( drums and vocals ) . The group 's songs are generally melodic , upbeat , and lighthearted . The group released first album , Feel It , in 2003 and toured the United States . Their second album , Crushing Love , was released in July 2006 on Koch Records . The release includes a DVD containing tour and studio footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466ca16fe142bd74c6adc3c3bfba7e68", "text": "You Gotta Not (Little Mix song) `` You Got ta Not '' is a song by English girl group Little Mix from their fourth studio album Glory Days ( 2016 ) . It was co-written by American recording artist Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e45f6dc57dfc670e651425bc4e455c4", "text": "T.A.T.u. t.A.T.u. ( Тату , -LSB- tɐˈtu -RSB- ) were a Russian music duo that consisted of Julia Volkova and Lena Katina . The duo was managed by Russian television producer Ivan Shapovalov while in the group Neposedi . The duo was signed to their own production company , T.A. Music , following the split with Universal Music Russia , and their sub-labels Interscope Records and Neformat . The duo established their world success with their debut English-language single `` All the Things She Said '' , which gained acclaim from music journalists and critics . The video of the single , however , generated controversy worldwide , showing the girls kissing in the rain in school uniforms . Along with the number-one single , the following songs `` Not Gon na Get Us '' and `` All About Us '' gained success and also charted at number one on other contemporary music charts . The duo has released six studio albums ; three in Russian and three in English . The album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane achieved huge success worldwide and eventually became the first group ever to get the IFPI Europe platinum award for the same album in two different languages . Due to their success , the duo was recognized as one of the most successful female music acts to emerge in the early decade and have established themselves as the most successful Russian act to date . t.A.T.u. represented Russia in the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest , performing `` Ne Ver ' , Ne Boysia '' , finishing in third place . In March 2011 , the duo officially announced their separation , due to personal reasons and conflicts between them and embarked on solo careers , which started around the end of 2008 . As of 2016 , t.A.T.u. have sold over 25 million records , and both the Russian and English version of 200 Km/h are listed among the best-selling albums by a girl group . They reunited in late December 2012 for a concert and announced their comeback after their performance in the opening ceremony of the Olympics in Sochi 2014 . However , due to personal issues between Volkova and Katina , the duo announced that their project would only consist of their newest single and music video , `` Lyubov ' V Kazhdom Mgnovenii '' ( `` Love In Every Moment '' ) to promote a Russian short film which premiered at the 67th Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a44e0581d6e6fe02f9994f9897f05b5", "text": "Lillix Lillix ( -LSB- ˈlɪlɪks -RSB- ) is a pop/rock band from Cranbrook , British Columbia , Canada , formed under the name Tigerlily in 1997 when the early members were in high school . The band was originally an all-girls band composed of guitarist Tasha-Ray Evin , keyboardist Lacey-Lee Evin , bassist Louise Burns , and drummer Sierra Hills . In 2001 the band was signed by Maverick Records and changed their name to Lillix as there was another band called Tigerlily . Hills left in 2002 and was replaced by Kim Urhahn , and later by Alicia Warrington . The Evin sisters announced that as of late 2006 the band was considered on hiatus due to the loss of Burns and Warrington , but with the addition of two new members in early 2007 , the band was in the process of rebuilding . The band announced its return in 2009 , and released their third album Tigerlily independently in Canada on 24 August 2010 , after their original label Maverick folded in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d5e90258d656c22d076946511c1623c", "text": "Mixed Mixed is the past tense of mix . It may also refer to : Mixed breed ( disambiguation ) , an animal whose parents are from different breeds or species Mixed anomaly , in theoretical physics , an example of an anomaly Mixed data sampling , an econometric model developed by Ghysels Mixed Doubles ( play ) , a 1969 play that was first performed Mixed drink , see cocktail Mixed feelings , ambivalence Mixed forest , see Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Mixed gauge , see Dual gauge Mixed government , a form of government that integrated facets of democracy , oligarchy , and monarchy Mixed inhibition , a combination of two different types of reversible enzyme inhibition Mixed language , a language that arises when two languages are in contact Mixed martial arts , a combat sport in which two competitors use different martial arts for fighting Mixed media , in visual art , refers to an artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed Mixed metaphor , see Metaphor ( language ) Mixed oxide fuel , see Nuclear reprocessing Mixed reality , the merging of real world and virtual worlds Mixed spices , a common sweet blend of spices Mixed strategy , used in game theory economics Mixtape , a home-made compilation of songs Multiracial , a person who is of multiple races Mixed ( United Kingdom ethnicity category ) , an ethnicity category that has been used by the United Kingdom 's Office for National Statistics since the 1991 Census Mixed ( album ) , a compilation album of two avant-garde jazz sessions featuring performances by the Cecil Taylor Unit and the Roswell Rudd Sextet Mixed Terrain Cycle-Touring , cycling over a variety of surfaces and topography on a single route , with a single bicycle Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder , a diagnostic category defining patients who suffer from both anxiety and depressive symptoms of limited and equal intensity accompanied by at least some autonomic features Mixed model , a statistical model containing both fixed effects and random effects , that is mixed effects Mixed train , a train that hauls both passenger and freight cars or wagons Audio mixing ( recorded music ) , the process of combining and balancing multiple sound sources Mixed-sex education , e.g. as in `` mixed school ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e67309f1f6fa2c39e9aa192ba666fa3", "text": "In the Mix In the Mix may refer to : In the Mix ( film ) , a film starring Usher In the Mix ( TV series ) , an American program for teenagers The Best of 10 Years - 32 Superhits , a 1986 album by Boney M. re-released in 2008 as In the Mix", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2d424d9830bade9844751d1469a7e3f", "text": "Girl Friends (band) Girl Friends is a K-Pop group made up of real-life friends , Yuri and Chae Rina . They released two albums with mixed success ; their debut single was `` Maybe I Love You . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d963faf55007b7759b152d402f6cdd37", "text": "The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud) The Greatest Hits Tour was the third concert tour by Irish and British girl group Girls Aloud , in support of their first greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits . Girls Aloud returned to Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , having not performed there on 2006 's Chemistry Tour . The band performed sixteen dates in various arenas across the United Kingdom and Ireland , making it their second arena tour . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour kicked off in Cheryl Cole 's hometown of Newcastle on 14 May 2007 and concluding in near Nadine Coyle 's home in Belfast on 2 June 2007 . The show was divided into five unique sections with distinct costumes , including the encore . Girls Aloud descended onto the stage from the ceiling as they performed `` Something Kinda Ooooh '' . They performed fourteen of the fifteen singles they had released at the time , as well as a couple of album tracks and a Dirty Dancing medley . A number of songs were also remixed or reworked . Girls Aloud received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , who praised Girls Aloud 's original songs but criticized the number of cover versions and the show 's lack of budget . Critics also noted Girls Aloud 's provocative attire . Much like the greatest hits album , The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour was a commercial success . Girls Aloud released another studio album and announced an accompanying tour for the following year . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour remains Girls Aloud 's only tour not to receive a video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eefbb6a862cdb164fc5b2507f0f3343b", "text": "E.G. Crazy E.G. Crazy ( stylized as E.G. CRAZY ) is a double album by Japanese musical unit E-girls , which also serves as their fourth studio release . It was distributed on January 3 , 2016 for streaming through Japan 's AWA services , and released on January 18 , 2017 release via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. in five physical editions and for digital consumption . Additionally , it will be their first album without ex-vocalists and performers Chiharu Muto , Kyoka Ichiki and Erie Abe , with singing and disc jockey credits to the latter as a service to her sub-group Dream . E.G. Crazy works as a concept album , which segregates the discs into two themes ; the first being E.G. Pop , and the latter having a E.G. Cool vibe ; furthermore , selected tracks represent a new theme Japanese Neo Girls , which executes international cultures through a Japanese woman 's perspective . Each disc features 12 tracks , all of which are a mixture of previous singles , cover songs , B-sides and new original recordings . Musically , it is a J-pop collection which incorporates various elements of electronic dance music , and is solely produced by Exile Hiro . Upon its release , E.G. Crazy received positive reviews from music critics , who praised the idea of a double packaged release , along with its production and sound . Commercially , it experienced success in Japan , reaching the top spot on the Oricon Albums Chart and Billboard charts . In order to promote the record , E-girls conducted a series of live performances , radio and television appearances , and interviews throughout the region . The record also spawned six original singles : `` Anniversary !! '' , `` Dance Dance Dance '' , `` Merry x Merry Xmas '' , `` E.G. Summer Rider '' , `` Pink Champagne '' and `` Go ! Go ! Let 's Go ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c59f1c500e9e4f80703149e47c8a08f", "text": "Twill (band) is a Japanese duo composed of twins Michiko and Yoko ( surname unknown ) . Their stage name is a portmanteau of English language words `` twin '' and `` will '' . They are managed by TV Asahi Music . They are also known in United States and Sweden . Two of their singles `` New World '' and `` STAND UP '' are used as opening themes for the Digimon Xros Wars anime series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c845dc4e52a1fac256860844007f028d", "text": "TMS (production team) TMS are an English songwriting and record production team composed of Tom ` Froe ' Barnes , Ben Kohn and Peter ` Merf ' Kelleher , originating from West London . They are the writing/production team behind G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha 's `` Me , Myself & I '' , Jess Glynne 's `` Do n't Be So Hard On Yourself '' , Sigma 's `` Changing '' , Professor Green 's `` Read All About It '' , Emeli Sandé 's `` Read All About It , Pt . III '' , Little Mix 's `` Wings '' and Dappy 's `` No Regrets '' which on 25 September 2011 , became the eleventh homegrown chart topper in a row , eclipsing a record set in 1963 when UK artists held the number one spot for an uninterrupted run of ten singles . Their records played major roles in Sandé and Little Mix breaking chart records , the former in the UK ( the longest ever stay in the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart ) and the latter in the US ( first album from British girl group to go straight into US album chart top 5 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "658957e3abae526d99722c8a0cc7ead5", "text": "Just a Little Bit (Kids of 88 song) `` Just a Little Bit '' is the second single from electropop band Kids of 88 ( Jordan Arts and Sam McCarthy ) . This song was released digitally through the New Zealand iTunes Store on 15 February 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a39c45a524055b28171d25cc9ec030", "text": "A Little Bit `` A Little Bit '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Jessica Simpson . It was written by Kara DioGuardi , Steve Morales and David Siegel , and was produced by Morales along with Ric Wake . The song was released as the second and final single from Simpson 's second studio album Irresistible ( 2001 ) , on October 29 , 2001 through Columbia Records . Musically , the song is a mid-tempo dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about the protagonist wanting changes in a relationship she is in . The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics ; most of them appreciated the song 's production . It failed to chart in the United States , but reached number sixty-two on Australian Singles Chart . An accompanying music video , directed by Hype Williams , shows Simpson dancing on a futuristic dance floor , along with her backup dancers . Simpson performed the song on her DreamChaser Tour ( 2001 ) , the 2001 Jingle Bell Bash and a few televised shows . `` A Little Bit '' was covered by Welsh singer Rosie Ribbons for her unreleased album Misbehaving . Her version was released as a single through Telstar Records and peaked at number nineteen on the UK Singles Chart . The single was promoted through a promotional music video , which shows Ribbons performing dance routines with her dancers , and live performances on various televised appearances like CD : UK and Top of the Pops and Smile .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "338e77737716e3d8eb363a58ab292763", "text": "Fergie (singer) Fergie Duhamel ( -LSB- ˈfɜːrɡi_dəˈmɛl -RSB- ) ( born Stacy Ann Ferguson ; March 27 , 1975 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress . She was the female vocalist for the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas from 2002 until 2017 , with whom she had achieved chart success worldwide . Her debut solo album The Dutchess ( 2006 ) was a major commercial success on the charts and spawned three Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` London Bridge '' , `` Glamorous '' and `` Big Girls Do n't Cry '' . Ferguson was a member of the children 's television series Kids Incorporated and the girl group Wild Orchid . In 2001 , she left the group and in the subsequent year began to team up with The Black Eyed Peas . With The Black Eyed Peas , she enjoyed a series of hits and albums before she released her solo debut album in September 2006 to success . The Black Eyed Peas enjoyed further success with the release of their third album with Ferguson , The E.N.D. ( 2009 ) ; they attained their first string of Billboard Hot 100 number one songs . She began touring in 2009/2010 with her group and she launched her debut fragrance , Outspoken , under Avon in May 2010 and has since released three more fragrances . She continued success with The Black Eyed Peas and they released the album The Beginning ( 2010 ) , which featured three singles , including two number one songs . As Ferguson 's five solo singles and six singles with The Black Eyed Peas have reached two million downloads in the United States , Ferguson was the artist with the most two-million sellers by the beginning of 2011 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "26f1bc515341a1e22fc92e06c3aab99b", "text": "GLA (album) GLA is the fourth studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Twin Atlantic . It was released on 9 September 2016 . The album was produced by Jacknife Lee . On 2 September 2016 Annie Mac premiered lead single `` No Sleep '' as the Hottest Record in the World on BBC Radio 1 . On 16 September 2016 , GLA became the band 's second top 10 charting album in the UK debuting at # 9 on the UK album charts , # 1 on the Rock Album Charts and # 3 on the Scottish album charts", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5", "text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb5543c1bebe4b9c309f6691df4b625", "text": "Beautiful (EP) Beautiful is the debut extended play by American singer and rapper Amber , who is a member of South Korean girl group f ( x ) . The EP was released on February 13 , 2015 by S.M. Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4af0e793c036d9e5121c8c7165a497", "text": "Shower (song) `` Shower '' is a song by American singer Becky G from her upcoming English studio album . It was released on April 23 , 2014 by Kemosabe Records and RCA Records as the lead single from the record . The song was written by Gomez , Dr. Luke , Cirkut , and Rock City and it was produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut . It is Gomez 's first top 20 hit in the United States . The official remix features American rapper Tyga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eefbb6a862cdb164fc5b2507f0f3343b", "text": "E.G. Crazy E.G. Crazy ( stylized as E.G. CRAZY ) is a double album by Japanese musical unit E-girls , which also serves as their fourth studio release . It was distributed on January 3 , 2016 for streaming through Japan 's AWA services , and released on January 18 , 2017 release via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. in five physical editions and for digital consumption . Additionally , it will be their first album without ex-vocalists and performers Chiharu Muto , Kyoka Ichiki and Erie Abe , with singing and disc jockey credits to the latter as a service to her sub-group Dream . E.G. Crazy works as a concept album , which segregates the discs into two themes ; the first being E.G. Pop , and the latter having a E.G. Cool vibe ; furthermore , selected tracks represent a new theme Japanese Neo Girls , which executes international cultures through a Japanese woman 's perspective . Each disc features 12 tracks , all of which are a mixture of previous singles , cover songs , B-sides and new original recordings . Musically , it is a J-pop collection which incorporates various elements of electronic dance music , and is solely produced by Exile Hiro . Upon its release , E.G. Crazy received positive reviews from music critics , who praised the idea of a double packaged release , along with its production and sound . Commercially , it experienced success in Japan , reaching the top spot on the Oricon Albums Chart and Billboard charts . In order to promote the record , E-girls conducted a series of live performances , radio and television appearances , and interviews throughout the region . The record also spawned six original singles : `` Anniversary !! '' , `` Dance Dance Dance '' , `` Merry x Merry Xmas '' , `` E.G. Summer Rider '' , `` Pink Champagne '' and `` Go ! Go ! Let 's Go ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f38e143fdb96fe502b9bef8c9161593", "text": "Tha Thug Show Tha Thug Show is the third studio album by Houston recording artist Slim Thug . It was released on November 30 , 2010 , by his Boss Hogg Outlawz label , distributed by E1 Music . The album was supported by two singles ; `` Gangsta '' featuring Z-Ro , and `` So High '' featuring B.o.B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f90183ab607cd80069d6185e2ff29b", "text": "Fashion Nugget Fashion Nugget is the second studio album by Cake , an alternative rock band from Sacramento , California . It was released in 1996 , and contains 14 songs . `` The Distance '' became one of the band 's biggest hits . On December 9 , 1996 , the album was certified gold by the RIAA , and the next year , the album was certified platinum for shipments of one million copies . In the United States , the album received a Parental Advisory sticker for profanity in the songs `` Nugget '' and `` I Will Survive , '' a cover of the Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris song that originally did not have said profanity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a2b8fd164cb492cc4639414d45a75b", "text": "ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker . In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da7da87e5e8060465e9c2bec9d7f6ccd", "text": "My Humps `` My Humps '' is a song performed by American recording group The Black Eyed Peas . The song was written and produced by group member will.i.am for their fourth studio album Monkey Business ( 2005 ) . It was released as the band 's third single from the album on September 20 , 2005 , due in part to the strength of downloads preceding the release . Musically , `` My Humps '' is a hip hop and dance song that is structured as a duet between will.i.am and Fergie . The song sparked controversy because of its title and lyrics , which center on a woman who uses her breasts and buttocks to accomplish her goals . Music critics responded negatively to the song , deeming it a repetitive and puerile form of `` sexual titillation '' . The song garnered comparisons to Kelis ' 2004 hit single `` Milkshake '' , a song that presents similar sexual themes and uses of milk as a metaphor . Despite the negative response from music critics , the song was a commercial success , reaching the top ten in fifteen countries worldwide . In the United States , it became The Black Eyed Peas second single to reach the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 and one of their best selling singles , selling more than two million downloads . The accompanying music video for `` My Humps '' was directed by Fatima Robinson and Malik Hassan Sayeed and won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video . `` My Humps '' has been covered and parodied by several entertainers , including Alanis Morissette and Jack Heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3faf001ecc7a4afe27fa77ca25afebe0", "text": "Sparkle (Sparkle album) Sparkle is the 1998 self -- titled debut album by American singer , Sparkle . It was released on May 20 , 1998 through Interscope Records and was entirely produced by her mentor R. Kelly . The album was a success in large part to the Sparkle-R . Kelly duet `` Be Careful '' , which peaked at 3 on the Rhythmic Top 40 and 1 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay . The album itself peaked at 3 on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum on December 7 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebfbc5d21070921256e1952e5e07619", "text": "Glamorous (rapper) Glamorous ( born JoAnn Berry July 19 , 1967 ) lived in Freeport , NY . She was Long Island 's first female rapper to hit vinyl in the mid 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade4f2b16d22917e8ed3df533b8826f4", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 25 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 25 was released on July 17 , 2007 . The album is the 25th edition of the Now ! series in the United States . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 223,000 copies in its first week , and remained at number one in its second week , selling another 149,000 copies . Now ! 25 contains three Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits , `` Girlfriend '' , `` Glamorous '' and `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ddffd926c9b1b1dff297c33c1bf3fd4", "text": "Goodies (song) `` Goodies '' is the debut single performed by American recording artist Ciara featuring American rapper and label-mate Petey Pablo for her debut studio album of the same name . The song was released as the album 's lead single on June 8 , 2004 through LaFace Records . It was written by Ciara herself , Sean Garrett , LeMarquis Jefferson , and Craig Love , with production done by Lil Jon . The song was recorded as an answer song to the featured act 's hit single , `` Freak-a-Leek . '' Its lyrics reference virginity . The song 's protagonist rejects men 's sexual advances , proclaiming that they will never get her `` goodies '' because `` they stay in the jar . '' The single was well received by critics , who praised its whistling crunk beat and Ciara 's breathy vocals . The song was a commercial success , peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks , becoming the longest-running number one debut single by a female artist on the chart since 1977 . Outside the United States , `` Goodies '' topped the charts in the United Kingdom , and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Germany , New Zealand and Switzerland . The song gave Ciara the title as the `` First Lady or Princess of Crunk & B. '' The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Benny Boom , featured guest appearances from BoneCrusher , Monica , Rasheeda , Jazze Pha , Young Jeezy , Lil Jon . The video depicts Ciara dancing in front of a blue and white background with her backup dancers . This scene is where Ciara first does the `` Matrix , '' which later became her signature move . The song was performed on BET 's 106 & Park and at the 2005 Billboard Music Awards along with `` 1 , 2 Step '' and `` Oh '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8666c73abb8dd805e75ec996dddd5f07", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Fergie Stacy Ann Ferguson , better known as Fergie , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , fashion designer and actress . She has won a total of 68 ( career solo and Black eyed Peas ) awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbf372c7aee4de7098494a27a6ce3a41", "text": "Some Kind of Bliss `` Some Kind of Bliss '' is a song recorded by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , for her sixth studio album Impossible Princess ( 1997 ) . The song was released as the lead single from the album on 8 September 1997 through BMG , Deconstruction and Mushroom . Minogue co-wrote the track with James Dean Bradfield and Sean More while Bradfield and Dave Eringa produced it . Backed by guitar and drum instruments , `` Some Kind of Bliss '' is a pop rock track in which Minogue sings about feeling happy while away from family and friends . Critical response to `` Some Kind of Bliss '' was mostly mixed ; earlier reviews were critical towards her image and sound transition to rock music , while retrospective reviews are positive towards her songwriting and sonic experimentation . `` Some Kind of Bliss '' performed relatively poorly on international charts peaking at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart , at 22 on the UK Singles Chart ( her first solo release to miss the UK Top 20 ) and reaching number 46 on the New Zealand Singles Chart . To promote `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , she performed the track on Top of the Pops , MTV Australia live and the Australian TV series Hey Hey It 's Saturday . It was later included on her 1998 concert tour Intimate and Live Tour . David Mould directed the music video to the single , featuring Minogue and actor Dexter Fletcher robbing a gas station . The song was later included in the track list of Minogue 's compilation albums including Confide in Me ( 2002 ) , Kylie Minogue : Artist Collection ( 2004 ) , and Confide in Me : The Irresistible Kylie ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0d85df7173400557bdc41531f19915c", "text": "Lucky Day (Shaggy album) Lucky Day is the sixth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy . The album was released on October 29 , 2002 . The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and later reached Gold certification . Three singles were released from the album : `` Hey Sexy Lady '' , `` Strength of a Woman '' and `` Get My Party On '' . The album featured guest appearances from Shaggy 's longtime collaborators Brian and Tony Gold , as well as a guest appearance from Chaka Khan . The song `` We Are the Ones '' was included on the album `` Barbie Mix '' which was released to promote the My Scene dolls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d65854f10b80118cde84497b8c7a6ab3", "text": "Gimmie Dat `` Gimmie Dat '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Ciara . The song was written by Ciara , along with its two producers Christopher `` Tricky '' Stewart and Kenneth `` Soundz '' Coby for her fourth studio album , Basic Instinct ( 2010 ) . `` Gimmie Dat '' is an uptempo dance song , featuring speedy , kinetic beats and a sensual-breathy tone . The song has been compared to her previous hip hop-flavored dance songs , `` Goodies '' , and `` Work '' , and has also been compared to Missy Elliott 's `` Work It '' . `` Gimmie Dat '' was released as the third single from Basic Instinct on October 15 , 2010 . In some countries , the song was released alongside `` Speechless '' , as a dual single . `` Gimmie Dat '' was well received by music critics , who compliment its uptempo beat . Although the song was well received by critics , it only managed to peak at the lower half of US and UK charts . An official remix of the song , dubbed the `` Slow Bass Remix '' was released in the United States on December 21 , 2010 . It was later confirmed that Ciara had paid for the music video , radio play and promotion of the single herself because the label refused to do so . According to Ciara , her record label even told radio stations to stop playing the song . `` Gimmie Dat '' was Ciara 's final single released under LaFace Records , which she had her contract released from due to Basic Instinct 's underperforming sales .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d5fd7a8386838b7358c6076d4fc292ab", "text": "Malaysia Malaysia ( -LSB- məˈleɪsiə -RSB- ; -LSB- məlejsiə -RSB- ) is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia . It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 330803 km2 separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur , while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . Located in the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth , with large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire . The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements , whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates . The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 , and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia . Less than two years later in 1965 , Singapore was expelled from the federation . The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural , which plays a large role in politics . About half the population is ethnically Malay , with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese , Malaysian Indians , and indigenous peoples . The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims . The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law . The head of state is the king , known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong . He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years . The head of government is the prime minister . Since its independence , Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia , with its GDP growing at an average of 6.5 % per annum for almost 50 years . The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources , but is expanding in the sectors of science , tourism , commerce and medical tourism . Today , Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy , ranked third largest in Southeast Asia and 29th largest in the world . It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations , the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , and a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , and the Non-Aligned Movement .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48a3e72ebe93d0956bdcca0695ce661a", "text": "The Making of Malaysia The Making of Malaysia : Britain , the ` Grand Design ' , Decolonisation and Malaysia is a 2005 book by Professor Anthony John Stockwell which examines the British end of empire policy relating to the decolonization of North Borneo , Sarawak , Brunei and Singapore on the way to the formation of the new federation of Malaysia during the 1960s . Stockwell draws on an analysis of government and personal documents from the period in order to reveal the complex negotiations and rivalries involved in the transition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fa61a05f11bc849957d50153f1535d8", "text": "Governance and law of Penang The state of Penang , Malaysia has its own state legislature and executive , but these have very limited powers in comparison with those of the Malaysian federal authorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5097fbf27151c6298da55ca0af4f5d8", "text": "Sandakan Municipal Council Majlis Perbandaran Sandakan ( MPS ) or Sandakan Municipal Council is the municipal council which administrates the town and municipalities area of Sandakan in the state of Sabah , Malaysia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80974f76b34d7c630f4e0f9bcb52a066", "text": "Penang State Executive Council The Penang State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Penang , Malaysia . The Council is composed of the Chief Minister , appointed by the Governor on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Penang State Legislative Assembly , a number of members made up of members of the Assembly , the State Secretary , the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer . This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia , while being smaller in size . As federal and state responsibilities differ , there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments . Members of the Council are selected by the Chief Minister , and appointed by the Governor . Unlike Sabah and Sarawak , the Council has no ministry , but instead a number of committees ; each committee will take care of certain state affairs , activities and departments . Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b7756f44f6b0af674b4254b623cbf1", "text": "List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia This is a list of diplomatic missions of Malaysia . Malaysia 's foreign ministry started in 1957 when the country obtained independence , with a staff of eleven British and Australian trained foreign service officers . It initially had missions in London , Canberra , New Delhi , Tokyo , Bangkok , Rome and Washington , growing to fourteen missions in 1963 , 21 missions in 1965 and 106 missions by 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e87afe459e21f246c1d29adf6365afde", "text": "Tengku Abdul Rahman Tengku Abdul Rahman may refer to : Tengku Abdul Rahman ( Sultan of Johor ) , Sultan of Johor when Singapore was founded in 1819 Tuanku Abdul Rahman , first Yang di-Pertuan Agong , the Malaysian king and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan Tunku Abdul Rahman , first prime minister of Malaysia , prime minister of Federation of Malaya and also president of UMNO Tunku Abdul Rahman ( born 1935 ) , younger brother of Sultan Iskandar of Johor , who also served as crown prince of Johor from 1961 to 1981 Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri , 4th son of the Sultan of Johor , Sultan Ibrahim Ismail", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6e0c24eaa6da870f6233d9afe70012c", "text": "Kedah State Executive Council The Kedah State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Kedah , Malaysia . The Council is composed of the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly , a number of members made up of members of the Assembly , the State Secretary , the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer . This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia , while being smaller in size . As federal and state responsibilities differ , there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments . Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Sultan . The Council has no ministry , but instead a number of committees ; each committee will take care of certain state affairs , activities and departments . Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30877e8ad0bfe26fd052365e357f3bcf", "text": "North Borneo dispute The North Borneo dispute is the territorial dispute between the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah , a territory known as North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation . The Philippines , presenting itself as the successor state of the Sultanate of Sulu , retains a `` dormant claim '' on Sabah on the basis that the territory was only leased to the British North Borneo Company in 1878 , with the sovereignty of the Sultanate ( and subsequently the Republic ) over the territory never having been relinquished . However , Malaysia considers this dispute as a `` non-issue '' as it interprets the 1878 agreement as that of cession and that it deems that the residents of Sabah had exercised their right to self-determination when they joined to form the Malaysian federation in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298dba5a99d4f842b1c7d80e4fa8ccf3", "text": "Telecommunications in Malaysia The primary regulator of telecommunications in the Malaysia is the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission ( MCMC ) . It issues licenses under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 , the Postal Services Act 1991 and the Digital Signature Act 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "684a38f7d39ef345de1dccc4c9bed02f", "text": "Malaysian pop Malaysian pop ( Pop Malaysia ) or abbreviated as M-pop or Malay pop refers to popular music forms in Malaysia . Although popular music in various languages such as Mandopop are popular and have been produced in Malaysia , Malaysian pop refers to music recorded primarily in the Malay language in Malaysia . Malaysian pop covers a diverse musical genres , such as pop , rock , hip hop , electronic , and R&B music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "debac25f1662da620992ff3e33660ce0", "text": "Amanah Amanah ( Arabic : أمانة ) , in the closest literal English translation , means fulfilling or upholding trusts . Al-Amanah or `` The Trust '' has a broader Islamic meaning . It is the moral responsibility of fulfilling one 's obligations due to Allah and fulfilling one 's obligations due to Allah 's ( willing ) servants ( other people ) . It also means `` free will . '' Angkatan Amanah Merdeka ( Amanah ) or Independence Trust Forces is a Malaysian Non-Government Organisation founded by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah . Parti Amanah Negara ( AMANAH ) or National Trust Party is a Malaysian political party advocating Political Islam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f4b62e3197cafd6fc866307cba371e", "text": "HIV/AIDS in Malaysia The first HIV case in Malaysia made it debut in 1986 and since has become one of the country 's most serious health and development challenges . As of end 2015 , it is estimated that there were 93,000 people living with HIV in the nation . Malaysia is ranked seventh highest in adult prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Asia after Thailand , Papua New Guinea , Burma , Cambodia , Vietnam and Indonesia with a 0.45 % prevalence rate . In 2015 , Malaysia recorded the rate of 10.9 new cases per 100,000 of the population , which is below than the target set by World Health Organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9524f43cb16b7eebb0da1da88e6fa80", "text": "1997 in Malaysia 1997 in Malaysia is the 40th anniversary of Malaysia 's independence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa1c9efa125bc324a818bce8cedc0954", "text": "Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front ( Malay : Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia , Jawi : باريسن جماعه اسلاميه سمليسا often known by its acronym BERJASA ) is a political party in Malaysia . The party was founded in 1977 by the then Chief Minister of Kelantan , Mohamad Nasir , under the persuasion of United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ) who were dissatisfied with the demands made by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( PAS ) . These demands included internal squabbles for the lump share in controlling the state of Kelantan , and pressure from UMNO soon led to PAS withdrawing from Barisan Nasional . In the following year 's general elections , the split cost the PAS a huge number of votes in Kelantan : among the 36 state seats in Kelantan , UMNO won twenty three , Berjasa won eleven , and PAS won only two . BERJASA subsequently joined Barisan Nasional , but support for BERJASA quickly dissolved in the subsequent general elections . In 1989 , it joined Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah under the leadership of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 ( S46 ) and the alliance was subsequently dissolved in 1996 when Tengku Razaleigh decided to dissolve APU and rejoin UMNO . Since then , BERJASA has only maintained minimal participation in the political fray , as evidenced from their participations in the subsequent General Elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7603a5da2fb2d47b19cfdce57d481ec", "text": "Malaysian English Malaysian English ( MyE ) , formally known as Malaysian Standard English ( MySE ) , is a form of English used and spoken in Malaysia . It is distinct from Malaysian Colloquial English , which is also known as Manglish . According to the English Proficiency Index , about 60 % of Malaysians surveyed are proficient in English . Due to the lack of use of English and the lack of English medium schools ( which were phased out after the 1969 race riots ) to accommodate English speakers , the language has been in rapid decline since the 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06550394254dd0e10df4e5a892237bc1", "text": "Chief Ministers in Malaysia In Malaysia , the Menteri Besar ( Jawi : منتري بسر ; literally `` First Minister '' ) is the head of government of each of nine states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers . For four states without a monarch , the title Chief Minister ( Ketua Menteri ) is used . The title ` Menteri Besar ' is usually untranslated in the English media in Malaysia , but is typically translated as ` Chief Minister ' by foreign media . According to protocol , all Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers are styled Yang Amat Berhormat ( abbreviated YAB ) , which means `` The Most Honourable '' . The nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the appointed governors of the other four states serve as constitutional and ceremonial heads of their states , with the state executive authority rests with the Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers . Following elections to the state legislative assembly , the Ruler or Governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the state government . The Ruler or Governor appoints and swears in the Menteris Besar or Chief Ministers , whose executive council ( except Sabah and Sarawak which known as Cabinet ) are collectively responsible to the assembly . Based on the Westminster system , given that he retains the confidence of the assembly , the Menteri 's Besar or Chief Minister 's term can last for the length of the assembly 's life -- a maximum of five years . There are no limits to the number of terms that the Menteri Besar or Chief Minister can serve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b5eba8881d6660939d38250bcd20d6e", "text": "Monoethnicity Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country . It is the opposite of polyethnicity . The use of the concept of monoethnicity has been criticized for being discriminatory and preventing diversity from being recognized . It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic , but there are many ethnic minorities in Japan ( e.g. Koreans , Ainus , and Ryukyuans ) . They represent around 1 % of the whole population South Koreans regard themselves as a monoethnic society , although there are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea , where they account for around 1 % of the South Korean population . These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants Most Sub-Saharan African countries have mono-racial societies ( > 0.1 % ) , but it 's common to find several ethnic groups within the same country . The number of emigrants from these African countries has grown substantially since 1990 , but they receive virtually almost zero immigration . The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made territories `` de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c7189ffbf094636da78648017e39d5f", "text": "National Film Development Corporation Malaysia The National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional ) , abbreviated FINAS , is the central government agency for the film industry of Malaysia . FINAS is similar to the Motion Picture Association of America in the United States . On 2013 , Filem Negara Malaysia was merged with FINAS to form a single agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "093877a05c3eee1fc4313c654f025c6b", "text": "Malaysian order of precedence The Malaysian order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Malaysia . It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a federal or national nature . Malaysian Prime Minister 's Department issued a twenty-first Order of Precedence for Malaysia on 13 November 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e0d54e26179c8608590546d48127d7a3", "text": "Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie , Lady Mallowan , DBE ( née Miller ; 15 September 1890 -- 12 January 1976 ) was an English crime novelist , short story writer and playwright . She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world 's longest-running play , a murder mystery , The Mousetrap , and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott . In 1971 she was made a Dame for her contribution to literature . Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay , Devon . She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War , tending to troops coming back from the trenches , before marrying and starting a family in London . She was initially an unsuccessful writer , but this all changed for the better when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot . During the Second World War she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital , London during the Blitz and acquired a good knowledge of poisons which featured in many of her novels . Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time . Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies , and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world 's most-widely published books , behind only Shakespeare 's works and the Bible . According to Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author -- having been translated into at least 103 languages . And Then There Were None is Christie 's best-selling novel , with 100 million sales to date , making it the world 's best-selling mystery ever , and one of the best-selling books of all time . Christie 's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run . It opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in the West End on 25 November 1952 and is still running after more than 25,000 performances . In 1955 , Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America 's highest honour , the Grand Master Award . Later the same year , Witness for the Prosecution received an Edgar Award by the MWA for Best Play . In 2013 , The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was voted the best crime novel ever by 600 fellow writers of the Crime Writers ' Association . On 15 September 2015 , coinciding with her 125th birthday , And Then There Were None was named the `` World 's Favourite Christie '' in a vote sponsored by the author 's estate . Most of her books and short stories have been adapted for television , radio , video games and comics , and more than thirty feature films have been based on her work .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6df37aa2bce570e8265a2a27b98eb867", "text": "Third Girl Third Girl is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November 1966 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company the following year . The UK edition retailed at eighteen shillings ( 18 / - ) and the US edition at $ 4.50 . It features her Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and the recurring character Ariadne Oliver . The novel is notable for being the first in many years in which Poirot is present from beginning to end . It is uncommon in that the investigation includes discovering the first crime , which happens comparatively late in the novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757a8ef4ff10e78e3811d4756a691244", "text": "The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond is G. K. Chesterton 's final collection of detective stories , published after his death in 1936 . Of the eight mysteries , seven were first printed in the Storyteller magazine . The Unmentionable Man was unique to the book . The stories revolve around a civil servant named Mr. Pond ( we are not told his first name ) . He is described as a very ordinary and fish-like man who has a habit of startling those who meet him with outrageous paradoxical statements . He seems unaware of the oddness of his remarks , and his friend Sir Hubert Wotton explains : `` he looks a very sedentary , scientific little cuss ... but he 's really had very extraordinary experiences . He does n't talk about them ; he does n't want to talk about them ... but when , in the course of talking in the abstract he comes on some concrete thing that he has actually done -- well , I can only say he crumples it up . He tries to crush it into a small space and it simply sounds contradictory . Almost every one of those crazy sentences simply stands for one of the adventures in what would be called by most people a very unadventurous life . '' Chesterton himself was well known for using paradox in his writings , but in one story he explains that his kind of paradox is different from Mr. Pond 's : Paradox has been defined as `` Truth standing on her head to get attention . '' Paradox has been defended ; on the ground that so many fashionable fallacies still stand firmly on their feet , because they have no heads to stand on . But it must be admitted that writers , like other mendicants and mountebanks , frequently do try to attract attention . They set out conspicuously , in a single line in a play , or at the head or tail of a paragraph , remarks of this challenging kind ; as when Mr. Bernard Shaw wrote : `` The Golden Rule is that there is no Golden Rule '' ; or Oscar Wilde observed : `` I can resist everything except temptation '' ; or a duller scribe ( not to be named with these and now doing penance for his earlier vices in the nobler toil of celebrating the virtues of Mr. Pond ) said in defence of hobbies and amateurs and general duffers like himself : `` If a thing is worth doing , it is worth doing badly . '' To these things do writers sink ; and then the critics tell them that they `` talk for effect '' ; and then the writers answer : `` What the devil else should we talk for ? Ineffectualness ? '' In four of the stories Pond is induced to tell the dramatic tale which lies behind a baffling paradox ; in another , `` Pond the Pantaloon '' , Wotton tells the story . In two more , `` The Crime of Captain Gahagan '' and `` The Terrible Troubadour '' , Pond 's keen mind arrives at the truth when his friend Gahagan is accused of murder . In `` Ring of Lovers '' Gahagan tells a true story and trusts to Pond to guess the secret behind it . These stories written at the end of Chesterton 's career contain narrative stretches and improbabilities , but they do not lack his familiar flashes of insight . In the story The Crime of Captain Gahagan Chesterton observes , through the character of Mr. Pond , that `` Love never needs time . But friendship always needs time . More and more time , until up past midnight . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "943cc7f9fa5875caa95574c899a63ebb", "text": "Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death (film) Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death is British comedy-drama television film based on the novel of the same name by M. C. Beaton . The film aired on Sky1 on 26 December 2014 . It served as a pilot to a full series entitled Agatha Raisin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9952dd222f28dd9dc76b9dba6fd0bc1", "text": "Dumb Witness Dumb Witness is a detective fiction novel by British writer Agatha Christie , first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 5 July 1937 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year under the title of Poirot Loses a Client . The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence ( 7/6 ) and the US edition at $ 2.00 . The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and is narrated by his friend Arthur Hastings . One novel published after this one features Hastings as narrator , 1975 's Curtain : Poirot 's Last Case .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9737d63e2e82b00bff3c79b1fcde515", "text": "The Sittaford Mystery The Sittaford Mystery is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie , first published in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company in 1931 under the title of The Murder at Hazelmoor and in UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 September of the same year under Christie 's original title . It is the first Christie novel to be given a different title for the US market . The US edition retailed at $ 2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence ( 7/6 ) . Mrs Willett and her daughter host an evening of `` table-turning '' ( a séance ) on a snowy winter 's evening in Dartmoor . The spirit tells them that Captain Trevelyan is dead . The roads being impassible to vehicles , Major Burnaby announces his intention to go to the village on foot to check on his friend , where he appears to find the prediction has come true . Emily Trefusis , engaged to Trevelyan 's nephew , uncovers the mystery along with the police . The novel was well-received , with praise for the character Miss Emily Trefusis . The references to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , alive when the book was published , and the elements of the setting that hearken to The Hound of the Baskervilles ( published in 1902 ) were also noted and appreciated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bb7f2f890f8e72d76acd9120e90b069", "text": "Gillian Gill Gillian Catherine Gill ( born June 12 , 1942 ) is a Welsh-American writer and academic who specializes in biography . She is the author of Agatha Christie ( 1990 ) , Mary Baker Eddy ( 1998 ) , Nightingales : The Extraordinary Upbringing and Curious Life of Miss Florence Nightingale ( 2004 ) , and We Two : Victoria and Albert , Rulers , Partners , Rivals ( 2009 ) . Gill ( née Scobie ) was born in Cardiff , Wales . She attended Cardiff High School for Girls , and graduated from the University of Cambridge with a first-class honours degree in French , Italian , and Latin . She obtained her Ph.D. in March 1972 , also from Cambridge , for a thesis entitled André Malraux : A Study of a Novelist . She emigrated to the United States after marrying , and taught at Northeastern University , Wellesley , Harvard , and Yale , where she was a fellow of Jonathan Edwards College and director of the Women 's Studies Program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d863ac7bbe2c89f76a823817641afdeb", "text": "Agatha Christie Award (Japan) The is a Japanese literary award established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie 's birth . The award is presented by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation in association with the Agatha Christie Society , which is chaired by Mathew Pritchard , the grandson of Agatha Christie . It is the literary award for unpublished mystery novels . The winning work , which is selected from more than 100 entries , is published by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation and the winner receives a prize of 1,000,000 yen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3080d8aa0eca2d7a24204df666107645", "text": "Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry Christie Malry 's Own Double-Entry ( 1973 ) is the penultimate novel by the late British avant-garde novelist B. S. Johnson . It is the metafictional account of a disaffected young man , Christie Malry , who applies the principles of double-entry bookkeeping to his own life , `` crediting '' himself against society in an increasingly violent manner for perceived `` debits '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fef31565708cb335bdf30b479e00929", "text": "Lindsay Ashford Lindsay Ashford is a British crime novelist and journalist . Her style of writing has been compared to that of Vivien Armstrong , Linda Fairstein and Frances Fyfield . Many of her books follow the character of Megan Rhys , an investigative psychologist . Raised in Wolverhampton , Ashford became the first woman to graduate from Queens ' College , Cambridge in its 550-year history . She gained a degree in criminology . Ashford was then employed as a reporter for the BBC before becoming a freelance journalist , writing for a number of national magazines and newspapers . In 1996 , she took a crime writing course run by the Arvon Foundation . Her first book , Frozen , was published by Honno in 2003 . Strange Blood was shortlisted for the 2006 Theakston 's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award . She wrote The Rubber Woman for the Quick Reads series in 2007 . Her historical mystery , The Mysterious Death of Miss Austen , was adapted for radio by Andrew Davies and Eileen Horne . It was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 's Woman 's Hour in February 2014 . Her novel , With Love and Crocodiles , was published independently on 4 November 2013 , and was then revised and re-published in April 2015 , under the title , `` The Color of Secrets . '' Her latest book , published in 2016 , `` The Woman on the Orient Express , '' is a novel with a fictional version Agatha Christie as its heroine . Ashford currently lives on the Welsh coast near Aberystwyth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb4a3240145fd2519555d2cd6a40cac", "text": "List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories The following is an alphabetical list and selected bibliography of authors , other than Sherlock Holmes 's creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , who have authored Holmes stories :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c243d9605998b4fcdddf6a9d66114539", "text": "The Adventure of the Black Baronet The Adventure of the Black Baronet is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery written by Adrian Conan Doyle . The story was published in the 1954 collection , The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes , a joint enterprise of John Dickson Carr and Adrian Conan Doyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3294a615c4a0a6593ca6bf37e1441059", "text": "Arthur Hastings Captain Arthur J. M. Hastings , OBE , is a fictional character created by Agatha Christie as the companion-chronicler and best friend of the Belgian detective , Hercule Poirot . He is first introduced in Christie 's 1920 novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles and appears as a character in eight other Poirot novels and plays , in addition to being the narrator of several others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b394d351e82bfc063f436f13a47d58", "text": "William Gillette, America's Sherlock Holmes William Gillette , America 's Sherlock Holmes , by Henry Zecher , is the first full and in-depth biography of William Hooker Gillette ( 1853 -- 1937 ) , the American actor , playwright and stage-manager of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who is best remembered today for portraying Sherlock Holmes . Gillette was among the first American playwrights to offer tightly-knit and well-constructed plays , Bronson Howard , Steele MacKaye and James Herne being the others , but his most significant contributions to the theater were in devising realistic stage settings and special sound and lighting effects , and , as an actor , in putting forth what he called The Illusion of the First Time . His portrayal of Holmes helped create the modern image of the detective . His use of the deerstalker cap ( which first appeared in some Strand Magazine illustrations by Sidney Paget ) and the curved pipe became synonymous with the character . And it was in his play , not in Arthur Conan Doyle 's stories , that Holmes first said `` This is elementary , my dear fellow , '' which subsequently became `` Elementary , my dear Watson '' . Gillette assumed the role onstage more than 1,300 times over thirty years , starred in a silent motion picture based on his Holmes play , and voiced the character twice on radio . The author is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Journalism , Class of 1971 . He was an award-winning sports writer and sports editor of the Delaware State News in Dover , Delaware , before embarking on a career in Federal government human resources . He has worked as a free-lance writer for many years and published a number of magazine articles , two of them of historical importance . One was an evaluation of German Reformer Martin Luther 's impact on the English Bible , and the other was the first analysis from a biblical and historical point of view of the Ipuwer Papyrus , first claimed by Immanuel Velikovsky and subsequently by others to have been an Egyptian version of the plagues on Egypt described in the Old Testament Book of Exodus . This is Zecher 's first book . It contains 585 pages of text and is profusely illustrated with more than ninety images , nearly all of them containing two to four and , in two cases , six individual photographs . It contains a bibliography of Gillette 's writings , a list of his plays subsequently made into motion pictures , a list of his patents , a list of audio/visual recordings of his voice , and 97 pages of Endnotes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ca59b5de5102e23e34fcb01f94f4f4", "text": "Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 . Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder . Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . '' In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e62ed178ab06ba3ab5bc80d5a7201307", "text": "Say It with Poison Say It With Poison ( 1991 ) is a whodunnit or mystery novel by Ann Granger . It is the first in a series of 15 ( as of 2004 ) Mitchell and Markby Mysteries . Although they feel curiously attracted to each other , the two protagonists who solve the case , Mitchell and Markby , are not a team . Rather , they work against each other . Meredith Mitchell , aged 35 at the beginning of the series , is a British civil servant who , unmarried and without relatives to take care of , embarks on a career in the diplomatic service and , at the beginning of the novel , has spent many years abroad , most recently in Yugoslavia . On her arrival back home , she metamorphoses into an amateur sleuth . Chief Inspector Alan Markby is a 42-year-old divorced policeman working from the fictitious town of Bamford somewhere in the Cotswolds . The two meet when the police have to investigate a death in a small village near Bamford where Mitchell is staying . Granger is renowned for writing traditional detective fiction but also for bringing the classic whodunnit up to date . As opposed to , say , Miss Marple 's St. Mary Mead , the village of Westerfield is a soulless place with a dwindling population , with all the young people leaving . There is no village shop ; no village school ; no doctor 's practice ; no vicarage , with the old church boarded up and only to be opened for special occasions . In spite of all that , the villagers are reluctant to accept , and suspicious of , any newcomers to their rural community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0b0abf60b67606a30935e17f9335a26", "text": "The Road of Dreams The Road of Dreams is a book of poetry by crime writer Agatha Christie . It was published at her own expense by Geoffrey Bles in January 1925 priced at five shillings ( 5 / - ) . Only one edition of the 112-page volume was ever published and this was undated . Christie wrote poetry for most of her life ; her first traceable published works are three poems from 1919 : World Hymn in The Poetry Review issue for March/April , Dark Sheila in Poetry Today issue for May/June and A Passing in the same journal for November/December . All three poems are reprinted in The Road of Dreams ( with the first under the slightly amended title of World Hymn , 1914 ) . The book is divided into four sections : A Masque from Italy Ballads Dreams and Fantasies Other Poems The final section includes a poem titled In a Dispensary which mentions many of the poisons that Christie would use in her long fictional career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d93d87992cf649727edd7516c64c378", "text": "Rebecca West Dame Cicely Isabel Fairfield DBE ( 21 December 1892 -- 15 March 1983 ) , known as Rebecca West , or Dame Rebecca West , was a British author , journalist , literary critic and travel writer . An author who wrote in many genres , West reviewed books for The Times , the New York Herald Tribune , the Sunday Telegraph , and the New Republic , and she was a correspondent for The Bookman . Her major works include Black Lamb and Grey Falcon ( 1941 ) , on the history and culture of Yugoslavia ; A Train of Powder ( 1955 ) , her coverage of the Nuremberg trials , published originally in The New Yorker ; The Meaning of Treason , later The New Meaning of Treason , a study of the trial of the British Fascist William Joyce and others ; The Return of the Soldier , a modernist World War I novel ; and the `` Aubrey trilogy '' of autobiographical novels , The Fountain Overflows , This Real Night , and Cousin Rosamund . Time called her `` indisputably the world 's number one woman writer '' in 1947 . She was made CBE in 1949 , and DBE in 1959 , in each case , the citation reads : `` writer and literary critic '' . She took the pseudonym `` Rebecca West '' from the rebellious young heroine in Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac31278c6141d5bcaa905b55372e9962", "text": "Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film) Witness for the Prosecution is a 1982 television film version of Agatha Christie 's short story and play , and also a remake of the Billy Wilder film Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "392b455143fbcf4e20e9bbcd37442ef3", "text": "Ronda Rousey Ronda Jean Rousey ( -LSB- ˈraʊzi -RSB- born February 1 , 1987 ) is an American mixed martial artist , judoka , and actress . Rousey was the first American woman to earn an Olympic medal in judo ( bronze ) , which she won at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . She is the former UFC Women 's Bantamweight Champion , as well as the last Strikeforce Women 's Bantamweight Champion . She won 12 consecutive MMA fights , six in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , before suffering her first loss to Holly Holm in November 2015 ; she won 11 of those fights in the first round , nine of them by armbar submission . Rousey trains under Gokor Chivichyan of the Hayastan MMA Academy , and Edmond Tarverdyan of the Glendale Fighting Club . In May 2015 , two magazines ranked Rousey as the most `` dominant '' active athlete . In September 2015 , voters in an online ESPN poll selected Rousey as the Best Female Athlete Ever . Later that month , she claimed to be the UFC 's highest paid fighter , male or female . In 2015 , she was the third most searched person on Google . As of January 2017 , Rousey is ranked the # 4 female bantamweight fighter in the world according to the UFC , and # 9 by Sherdog . Rousey 's first feature film role was the 2014 film The Expendables 3 . In 2015 , she had roles in the films Furious 7 and Entourage .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "311439095b8937a8d7edfc7b50c2731b", "text": "Something to Sing About (2000 film) Something to Sing About is a 2000 American Christian drama film directed by Charlie Jordan , and starring Irma P. Hall , Darius McCrary , Kirk Franklin , Tamera Mowry , Rashaan Nall , and Helen Martin . It was produced by John Shepherd of World Wide Pictures . The storyline revolves around a young man , Tommy , an ex-convict who is trying to make a more fulfilling life for himself . It was the last film appearance for theater , film and television actress Helen Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04682e02c4e4c10ef7f2123d7e529c09", "text": "Confessions of a Gambler Confessions of a Gambler is a 2007 film that depicts a woman 's struggles in life , and how she turns to gambling and later becomes addicted . It is based on a true story and is written by the lead actor , Rayda Jacobs . The book on which it is based won The Sunday Times Fiction Prize in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7632d0751c8d95ecd63b92816c61e785", "text": "Torch Song (1993 film) Torch Song ( also known as Judith Krantz 's Torch Song ) is a 1993 made-for-television drama film directed by Michael Miller , starring Raquel Welch , Jack Scalia and Alicia Silverstone . The film originally premiered on ABC on May 23 , 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "007192e4265b340db02832d099ac6df3", "text": "Savage Streets Savage Streets is a 1984 American vigilante action film directed by Danny Steinmann and starring Linda Blair . The film premiered on October 5 , 1984 . It is one of the few non-horror films that both Linda Blair and Linnea Quigley star in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f276c1de6824ed9445069fb9a08712", "text": "How I Spent My Summer Vacation (film) How I Spent My Summer Vacation is a 1997 romantic comedy film , directed by John Fisher . The film stars Deanna Davis and RonReaco Lee , and is Fisher 's directorial debut film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa415ae9894f4b5d3c412fa0158a317", "text": "Adan Ronquillo Ronquillo : Tubong Cavite ... Laking Tondo is a 1993 Filipino film directed by Joey del Rosario starring Filipino actors Bong Revilla , Sheryl Cruz , and Miguel Rodriguez . This movie was the initial production venture of Star Cinema , ABS-CBN 's film production outfit , in collaboration with Regal Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8fc57aa0fdad4811a65d23769c705f", "text": "The Boogeyman (1980 film) The Boogeyman ( released in the United Kingdom as The Bogey Man ) is a 1980 American supernatural horror film directed by Ulli Lommel and starring Suzanna Love , John Carradine , and Ron James . The movie 's title refers to the long-held superstition of boogeymen beings , and its plot concerns an adult brother and sister who are targeted by the ghost of their mother 's deceased boyfriend which has been freed from an imprisoned mirror . The film has received mixed to negative critical reviews , with criticism mainly regarding the heavy similarities from earlier horror films such as Halloween , The Exorcist , and The Amityville Horror . However , the movie became successful enough commercially to make the film-makers eager to release sequels , resulting in the film being followed by Boogeyman II and Return of the Boogeyman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac443e95db11c8bfb56092b87cd73bb0", "text": "Sleeping Dogs (film) Sleeping Dogs is a 1977 film based on the book Smith 's Dream by C. K. Stead , and is the first feature film by director Roger Donaldson . Featuring Sam Neill , Clyde Scott and Warren Oates it is notable for being the first feature-length 35 mm film produced entirely in New Zealand . A political thriller with action film elements , it follows the lead character `` Smith '' ( Neill ) as New Zealand plunges into a police state as a fascist government institutes martial law after industrial disputes flare into violence . Smith gets caught between the special police and a growing resistance movement and reluctantly becomes involved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125ebf827c27687caea65815ca9d7f93", "text": "Malcolm (film) Malcolm is a 1986 Australian cult film comedy , written by the husband-and-wife team of David Parker and Nadia Tass , and directed by Nadia Tass ( who made her debut as a feature director on this film ) . The film stars Colin Friels as Malcolm , a tram enthusiast who becomes involved with a pair of would-be bank robbers . His co-stars are Lindy Davies and John Hargreaves . The film won the 1986 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film , and seven other AFI awards including Best Script and Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a1317743267e9ef1805687b853de4f5", "text": "A Haunted House 2 A Haunted House 2 is a 2014 American horror comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans . The film is the sequel to the 2013 film A Haunted House . Produced by IM Global Octane and distributed by Open Road Films , the film was released on April 18 , 2014 . The film received negative reviews , and earned over $ 23 million at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e7f373df517aabc0103d6549e7f95c", "text": "Drumline: A New Beat Drumline : A New Beat is a 2014 American television film directed by Bille Woodruff . It is the sequel to 2002 's Drumline . The screenplay , a fictional story about a historically black college marching band , was written by Karen Gist and Regina Hicks . The story is about a young drummer from New York , played by Alexandra Shipp , who enters the fictional Atlanta A&T University and bumps heads with the leader of her new school 's drum section . Jordan Calloway , Mario Van Peebles , and LeToya Luckett co-star . Leonard Roberts reprises his role as Sean Taylor , while Nick Cannon reprise his role as Devon Miles . Cannon also serves as the film 's executive producer . The film was released to DVD on March 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce9758365857686dda21cbef7daf1eb", "text": "Spree (film) Spree is a 1996 film written and directed by Rustin Thompson . It tells the story of a young woman who falls in love with a drug dealer and the perils that come with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbaf9b6585ec40c456bbd186f538c2f", "text": "Vinegar Hill (novel) Vinegar Hill is a 1994 novel by A. Manette Ansay . It was chosen as an Oprah 's Book Club selection in November 1999 . It was adapted as a television film in 2005 , starring Mary-Louise Parker and Tom Skerritt .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "76f5e4881142d14f76b4193c1f240cd6", "text": "Amsterdam Amsterdam ( -LSB- ˈæmstərdæm , _ ˌæmstərˈdæm -RSB- -LSB- ɑmstərˈdɑm -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands , although it is not the seat of the government , which is The Hague . Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper , 1,351,587 in the urban area , and 2,410,960 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area . The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country . The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad , one of the larger conurbations in Europe , with a population of approximately 7 million . Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel . Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age ( 17th century ) , a result of its innovative developments in trade . During that time , the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds . In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded , and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned and built . The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19 -- 20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List . Since the annexation of municipality Sloten in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , the oldest historic part of the city lies in Sloten ( 9th century ) . As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities ( GaWC ) study group . The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands . Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , and seven of the world 's 500 largest companies , including Philips and ING , are based in the city . In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer . The city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009 . The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country , and the fifth largest seaport in Europe . Famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank , artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh , and philosopher Baruch Spinoza . The Amsterdam Stock Exchange , the oldest stock exchange in the world , is located in the city center . Amsterdam 's main attractions , including its historic canals , the Rijksmuseum , the Van Gogh Museum , Stedelijk Museum , Hermitage Amsterdam , Anne Frank House , Amsterdam Museum , its red-light district , and its many cannabis coffee shops draw more than 5 million international visitors annually .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049970687bb59c623618694a5a6cacdc", "text": "Cabinet of the Netherlands The cabinet of the Netherlands ( Nederlandse kabinet ) is the main executive body of the Dutch government . The current cabinet of the Netherlands is the Second Rutte cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ea97c11ef612b52060eeb72f9a899b", "text": "List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted human development index ( IHDI ) , as published by the UNDP in its 2016 Human Development Report . According to the 2016 Report , `` The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for , '' whereas the Human Development Index itself is `` an index of potential human development ( or the maximum HDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality ) . '' The HDI , from which the IHDI derives , is a composite statistic of life expectancy , education , and per capita income indicators , which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development . The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq , is anchored in the Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen 's work on human capabilities , often framed in terms of whether people are able to `` be '' and `` do '' desirable things in their life , and was published by the United Nations Development Program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6c57f577c7c15bf808b60b357b4d82e", "text": "Port of Rotterdam The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe , located in the city of Rotterdam , Netherlands . From 1962 until 2004 it was the world 's busiest port , now overtaken first by Singapore and then Shanghai . In 2011 , Rotterdam was the world 's eleventh-largest container port in terms of twenty-foot equivalent units ( TEU ) handled ( 2009 : tenth ; 2008 : ninth , 2006 : sixth ) . In 2012 Rotterdam was the world 's sixth-largest port in terms of annual cargo tonnage . Covering 105 km2 , the port of Rotterdam now stretches over a distance of 40 km . It consists of the city centre 's historic harbour area , including Delfshaven ; the Maashaven/Rijnhaven/Feijenoord complex ; the harbours around Nieuw-Mathenesse ; Waalhaven ; Vondelingenplaat ; Eemhaven ; Botlek ; Europoort , situated along the Calandkanaal , Nieuwe Waterweg and Scheur ( the latter two being continuations of the Nieuwe Maas ) ; and the reclaimed Maasvlakte area , which projects into the North Sea . Rotterdam consists of five distinct port areas and three distribution parks that facilitate the needs of a hinterland with 40,000,000 consumers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b18f279df7500d025d5044b14edb6f4", "text": "The Hague The Hague ( -LSB- ðə_ˈheɪɡ -RSB- Den Haag , -LSB- dɛn ˈɦaːx -RSB- or 's - Gravenhage -LSB- ˈsxraːvə ( n ) ˌɦaːɣə -RSB- ) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands , and the capital city of the province of South Holland . With a population of 520,704 inhabitants ( as of 1 April 2016 ) and more than one million inhabitants including the suburbs , it is the third-largest city of the Netherlands , after Amsterdam and Rotterdam . The Rotterdam The Hague Metropolitan Area , with a population of approximately 2.7 million , is the 12th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country . Located in the west of the Netherlands , The Hague is in the centre of the Haaglanden conurbation and lies at the southwest corner of the larger Randstad conurbation . The Hague is the seat of the Dutch government , parliament , the Supreme Court , and the Council of State , but the city is not the capital of the Netherlands , which constitutionally is Amsterdam . Most foreign embassies in the Netherlands and 150 international organisations are located in the city , including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court , which makes The Hague one of the major cities hosting the United Nations along with New York , Geneva , Vienna , Rome , and Nairobi . King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands plans to live at Huis ten Bosch and works at Noordeinde Palace in The Hague , together with Queen Máxima . The Hague is also home to the world headquarters of Royal Dutch Shell and numerous other major Dutch companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b5567ecdce5fa2c211f9ec2694fb97", "text": "European Union The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) and the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958 , respectively . Next the treaty of Rome of 1957 created the European Community made up of the six core countries of Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands and West Germany . The decades following many new members joined them while at the same time integration of economic , cultural , judicial and so forth would then deepen the relationships distinct European entity . The community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit . While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations , the United Kingdom enacted the result of a membership referendum in June 2016 and is currently negotiating its withdrawal . The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union in 1993 and introduced European citizenship . The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU , the Treaty of Lisbon , came into force in 2009 . The European Union accumulated a high portion of GDP as a form of foreign aid than any other economic union . Covering 7.3 % of the world population , the EU in 2016 generated a nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) of 16.477 trillion US dollars , constituting approximately 22.2 % of global nominal GDP and 16.9 % when measured in terms of purchasing power parity . Additionally , 27 out of 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index , according to the United Nations Development Programme . In 2012 , the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy , the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence . The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G7 , and the G20 . Because of its global influence , the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "845491f4ba8628e03c73dfcc1e4fb5dc", "text": "List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita Three lists of countries below calculate gross domestic product ( at purchasing power parity ) per capita , i.e. , the purchasing power parity ( PPP ) value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given year , divided by the average ( or mid-year ) population for the same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85c823a7262f58ed2cca33fc9157ee20", "text": "Netherlands The Netherlands , ( -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân ) also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ( collectively known as G4 ) . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland . `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas ( polders ) have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 ( January 2017 ) if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage . The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders . The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fbb8ef3eaed79dd6b70f0a439b63e906", "text": "Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws . The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "676e88a8d7840f2632dbf7c9f55a6a50", "text": "Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries . According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87a33fd4fcf62ef2dcae5c21b15f8531", "text": "Vlieland Vlieland ( -LSB- ˈvlilɑnt -RSB- ; Flylân ) is a municipality and island in the northern Netherlands . The municipality of Vlieland has only one major town : Oost-Vlieland ( West Frisian : East-Flylân ) . It is the second-least densely populated municipality in the Netherlands ( after Schiermonnikoog ) . Vlieland is one of the West Frisian Islands , lying in the Wadden Sea . It is the second island from the west in the chain , lying between Texel and Terschelling . The island was permanently separated from the mainland in St. Lucia 's flood in 1287 . Vlieland was named after the Vlie , the seaway between it and Terschelling that was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68c87095c90823be8177596e5ac6e907", "text": "Dutch Limburg Dutch Limburg may refer to the following : Limburg ( Netherlands ) ( 1866 -- present ) , a province of the Netherlands Duchy of Limburg ( 1839 -- 1867 ) , a duchy in personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands Province of Limburg ( 1815 -- 1839 ) , a province of the former United Kingdom of the Netherlands Limburg of the States , territories controlled by the Dutch States-General from 1648 to 1794 as Generality Lands", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d86225b480ecae2e9685dc01d46043ae", "text": "Bulgaria–Netherlands relations Bulgarian-Dutch relations are foreign relations between Bulgaria and the Netherlands . Bulgaria has an embassy in The Hague . The Netherlands has an embassy in Sofia . Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd1413534a049817cac43469802a84", "text": "Sint Maarten Sint Maarten ( -LSB- sɪnt ˈmaːrtə ( n ) -RSB- ) is an island country in the Caribbean . It is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . With a population of 33,609 on an area of 34 km2 , it encompasses the southern 40 % of the divided island of Saint Martin , while the northern 60 % of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin . Its capital is Philipsburg . Before 10 October 2010 , Sint Maarten was known as the Island Territory of Sint Maarten ( Eilandgebied Sint Maarten ) , and was one of five island territories ( eilandgebieden ) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767167d558bd07a162b8370a49decf20", "text": "Zeelandic Flanders Zeelandic Flanders ( -LSB- ˌzeːu̯sˈflaːndərə ( n ) -RSB- , Zeelandic : Zeêuws-Vlaonderen ) is the southernmost region of the province of Zeeland in the south-western Netherlands . It lies south of the Western Scheldt that separates the region from the remainder of Zeeland to the north . Zeelandic Flanders is bordered to the south by Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72cb7ebaf1825391254151fa9304e136", "text": "Belgium–Netherlands relations Belgian -- Dutch relations refer to interstate relations between the Belgium and the Netherlands . It can be seen as one of the closest international relationships in existence , marked by shared history , culture , institutions and language , extensive people-to-people links , aligned security interests , sporting tournaments and vibrant trade and investment cooperation . Relations were established after Belgium became independent from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839 . Both nations are great allies with cultural similarities and close cooperation between both governments . Dutch , known in Belgium as Flemish , is the most-spoken language in both countries . Approximately 35,000 Belgian nationals live in the Netherlands , while there are around 111,000 Dutch nationals in Belgium . Thanks to their shared history and the Dutch language , the Netherlands and Belgium have strong cultural ties . In 1980 , the two countries set up the Dutch Language Union to encourage greater cooperation in the field of Dutch language and literature . The Union offers services including language tools like dictionaries and a language advice service , education in and about Dutch , literature and reading skills , and activities promoting the Dutch language in Europe and the rest of the world . The Union also works to showcase the two countries ' shared cultural heritage . Belgium has an embassy in The Hague and consulates in Amsterdam , Maastricht , Nijmegen , Roosendaal , Rotterdam , Terneuzen , Vlissingen and Winsum , while the Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and consulates in Antwerp , Ghent , Liège and Namur . Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO and , together with Luxembourg , form the Low Countries and the Benelux economic union . Many television programmes are made mutually between the two countries , such as So You Think You Can Dance and Benelux ' Next Top Model . The two countries were joint hosts of the UEFA Euro 2000 football tournament and ( unfruitfully ) made a bid to host the 2018 World Cup football .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9efa770fb520681bd531f8c2eda6bd5e", "text": "Dutch general election, 1922 General elections were held in the Netherlands on 5 July 1922 . They were the first elections held under universal suffrage , which became reality after the acceptance of a proposal by Henri Marchant in 1919 that gave women full voting rights . Almost all major parties had a woman elected . The number of female representatives increased from one to seven . Only the Anti-Revolutionary Party principally excluded women from the House of Representatives . Another amendment to the electoral law increased the electoral threshold from 0.5 % to 0.75 % , after six parties had won seats with less than 0.75 % of the vote in the previous elections . The General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses remained the largest party , increasing from 30 to 32 seats , whilst the Anti Revolutionary Party increased from 13 to 16 seats , and the Christian Historical Union went from 7 to 11 seats . The right-wing Christian Democratic Party and the Christian Social Party both lost their sole seats , disappearing from the House , while the Reformed Political Party ( SGP ) managed to win a seat . The SGP , an orthodox Protestant party established in 1918 , was opposed to the co-operation of the Protestant ARP and CHU with the Catholics . The Social Democratic Workers ' Party lost two seats , whilst left-wing splinter parties also suffered losses , and went from four to two seats . Several liberal groups had merged in 1921 to form the Liberal State Party , but lost further seats as they were reduced from fifteen to only ten . However , a new Liberal Party led by the 85-year-old Samuel van Houten , won a seat . Van Houten himself did not take the seat , which was instead occupied by his representative , Lizzy van Dorp . The Free-thinking Democratic League maintained , against most expectations , their five seats , whilst of the remaining splinter parties , only the Peasants ' League was able to survive , rising from one to two seats . After a relatively short formation , the second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet was formed , with largely the same composition as the previous one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b9d7391c465bd66ce86789567134f20", "text": "States of South Holland The States of South Holland ( Staten van Zuid-Holland , -LSB- ˈstaːtə ( n ) vɑn zœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt -RSB- ) are the States-Provincial for the Dutch province of South Holland . It forms the legislative body of the province . Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections . Since 2014 , it is chaired by Jaap Smit ( CDA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf24772ad6a0030d332a6b347c0c3e8a", "text": "Netherlands Worldwide Students Netherlands Worldwide Students ( Nederlandse Wereldwijde Studenten ) , NWS for short , is a Dutch student organisation NWS forms a worldwide network of Dutch students currently , formerly and prospectively enrolled at foreign universities or professional schools . It offers a platform for joint activities and bridges the gap to the government , private sector , academic sector and society of the Netherlands . Most importantly , NWS tries to maintain a strong connection between Dutch students abroad and the Netherlands , and vice versa . Integral to this mission is making sure that the voices of Dutch students abroad are being heard in policy debates and that the value of studying abroad is appreciated from an individual , economic and societal perspective . NWS Clubs form an integral part of the NWS network , offering local activities , seminars , borrels and Dutch gezelligheid at universities outside of the Netherlands . NWS Clubs are active at Harvard , Cornell , Oxford , Cambridge , LSE , Paris and Bruges , amongst others . In addition , NWS maintains an online database of Dutch students currently or formerly enrolled at foreign universities . This network provides its participants access to local contacts , knowledge and advice in any sector or country to facilitate studying abroad or returning to the Netherlands . NWS also has its own Wiki-based site , for user-generated information on studying abroad , foreign universities , financial aid and such . NWS was founded in 2007 by and for students and is completely run by volunteers . It is registered as a charity and receives support from Nuffic , the IB-Group , as well as several Dutch multinationals through sponsorship for events . As part of their activities , NWS conducts research on studying abroad through surveys among its members . The findings are presented in the `` NWS-onderzoek '' research report , which is published every other year . After publicatiosen , the report is presented to a representative of the Dutch government . Previous representatives to receive the report include Sybrand Haersma Buma and former State Secretary of Education Halbe Zijlstra . In past years , the research report has focused on obstacles for Dutch students in going abroad and returning to the Netherlands . Over the past few years , NWS has increasingly become involved in informing Dutch secondary school and university students about the opportunities for studying abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc56024a5e8a0606a818fec895b29003", "text": "History of the Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language , that originated from the Old Frankish dialects . Among the words with which Dutch has enriched the English vocabulary are : brandy , coleslaw , cookie , cruiser , dock , easel , freight , landscape , spook , stoop , and yacht . Dutch is noteworthy as the language of an outstanding literature , but it also became important as the tongue of an enterprising people , who , though comparatively few in number , made their mark on the world community through trade and empire . Dutch is also among some of the earliest recorded languages of Europe . Countries that have Dutch as an official language are Belgium , the Netherlands , Suriname , Aruba and Curacao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c62bc305ad2f60a93160664777c6183", "text": "Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . Since the nation 's official debut in 1900 , Dutch athletes had competed at every edition of the Summer Olympic Games in the modern era , with the exception of the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis and 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , which the Netherlands boycotted because of the Soviet invasion of Hungary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b86181c755a91f5435891d1f4970e738", "text": "Netherlands national bandy team The Dutch national bandy team represents the Netherlands in the sport of bandy . The team made its international championship debut at the 1913 European Bandy Championships in Davos , Switzerland . However , the Netherlands did not compete in the Bandy World Championship before the 1990s , even if bandy actually has been played more or less regularly in the Netherlands since the early 20th Century . The Netherlands participated in their first World Championship tournament in 1991 and has been attending the tournaments regularly since the 2003 championship . On 6 January 2014 the Dutch won a four nation tournament in Davos , a centenary celebration of the European Championship of 1913 . The other teams were Czech Republic , Hungary , and Germany . The Netherlands also took part in the 2016 Davos Cup . The current team is controlled by the Bandy Bond Nederland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88b46d5827171b9110fc6ad1b50765c9", "text": "Road transport in the Netherlands With 139,000 km of public roads , the Netherlands has one of the most dense road networks in the world -- much denser than Germany and France , but still not as dense as Belgium . In 2013 , 5,191 km were national roads , 7,778 km were provincial roads , and 125,230 km were municipality and other roads . Dutch roads include 3,530 km of motorways and expressways , and with a motorway density of 64 kilometres per 1,000 km2 , the country also has one of the densest motorway networks in the world . In Dutch a motorway is called `` autosnelweg '' or simply `` snelweg '' ; other expressways are just called `` autoweg '' ( literally : `` car road '' ) . According to a 2004 estimate , some 12,500 km of road remain as yet unpaved . Mobility on Dutch roads has grown continuously since the 1950s and now exceeds 200 billion km travelled per year . With a population of 16.8 million people , this comes down to an average of 32 km per person per day . Around half of all trips in the Netherlands are made by car , making up three quarters of all passenger kilometres travelled , meaning that while Dutch roads are numerous , they are also used with one of the highest intensities of any road network . Car ownership in the Netherlands is high but not exceptional , and slightly lower than in surrounding countries . Goods vehicles make up 20 % of total traffic , and road transport accounts for 40 % of all freight movements registered , including overseas shipping . The busiest Dutch motorway is the A13 between The Hague and Rotterdam , with a traffic volume of 140,000 motor vehicles per day . The province of Utrecht in the centre of the country however , has the busiest motorways on average ( almost 100,000 vehicles a day ) , with major motorways A1 , A2 , A12 , A27 and A28 running through it . The busiest 4-lane motorway in the Netherlands is the A10 in the Coen Tunnel in Amsterdam with 110.000 vehicles per day . The widest Dutch motorway is the A15/A16 just south of Rotterdam with 16 lanes in a 4 +4 +4 +4 setup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba0223430e17d88dc47fd9617947d0c", "text": "Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) The Dutch Reformed Church ( , abbreviated NGK ) is a Reformed Christian denomination in South Africa . It also has a presence in neighbouring countries , such as Namibia , Swaziland , and parts of Botswana , Zimbabwe and Zambia . It claims 1.1 million members and 1,602 ordained ministers in 1,158 congregations . The Nederduits in the denomination 's Afrikaans name refers to the old nomenclature for the Dutch language , formerly written as Nederduitsch in Dutch . This not to be confused with the literal translation Low German , which is a dialect in the north of Germany . It is therefore correctly referred to as the `` Dutch Reformed Church '' in South Africa . Originating in the 17th century from the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands , the NGK is the largest denomination within South Africa 's Dutch Reformed tradition . Along with the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa ( NHK ) and the Reformed Churches in South Africa , it is considered one of the three sister churches of South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cbc2b7669516f0bdb34c2d81aa65988", "text": "United Netherlands (organization) United Netherlands ( UNL ) is an educational student-led organization that focuses on the theory and practice of international relations and diplomacy . It is based at the Radboud University in Nijmegen , the Netherlands . UNL has organized various student activities related to the United Nations , including the Radboud international Model United Nations ( RiMUN ) , the Month of the United Nations ( MotUN ) , and the High School Program ( HSP ) . Furthermore , United Netherlands offers the accredited United Nations and Multilateral Diplomacy ( UNMD ) course , and its corresponding Delegation to Oxford University and Harvard University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d1b206b2bc4b9407b7baa192004c9", "text": "Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas . Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22dd0a2bf3c833d3b9c85784e38d9be6", "text": "Supreme Court of the Netherlands The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ( Hoge Raad der Nederlanden -LSB- ˈɦoːɣə raːdɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə ( n ) -RSB- , literally `` High Council of the Netherlands '' ) is one of the highest courts of the Netherlands , Curaçao , Sint Maarten and Aruba . The Court was established on 1 October 1838 and sits in The Hague , Netherlands . The Court has exclusive final jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters . In certain administrative cases it has final jurisdiction as well , while in other cases this jurisdiction rests with the adjudicative division of the Council of State , the Central Appeals Tribunal , the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal as well as judicial institutions in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The Court is a court of cassation , which means that it has the competence to quash or affirm rulings of lower courts , but no competence to re-examine or question the facts . It only considers whether the lower courts applied the law correctly and the rulings have sufficient reasoning . In so doing it establishes case law . According to Article 120 of the Constitution , courts may not rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by the States General and treaties . With the exception of constitutional Court of Sint Maarten courts ( which rules on constitutionality with regards to the Sint Maarten constitution only ) have thus no competence for judicial review with respect to the Constitution . The Supreme Court currently consists of 36 judges : a president , 6 vice-presidents , 25 justices ( , literally `` Lords of the Council '' ) and 4 justices in exceptional service . All judges are appointed for life , until they retire at their own request or mandatorily at the age of 70 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "689f41ba94fc62d09efb5e8f228d97c3", "text": "Evano Oruvan Evano Oruvan ( Some One ) is a 2007 Tamil drama film directed by Nishikanth Kamat who made his debut in the Tamil film industry with the film . It is a remake of Kamat 's critically acclaimed Marathi film , Dombivli Fast , which itself was heavily influenced by the Michael Douglas starrer 1993 Hollywood film Falling Down . It stars Madhavan and Sangeetha in the lead roles , with director Seeman acting in a pivotal role . The film 's music is composed by P. Sameer and the title song by G. V. Prakash Kumar . It is produced by noted Hindi directors Abbas Burmawalla and Mustan Burmawalla as they make their debuts as Tamil film producers under the distribution of their home banner , Burmawalla Limited . It had been previously named , Ivan Yaaro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84acc6e5ede345f6fcf8aefcfd7538ad", "text": "R. Madhavan Ranganathan Madhavan ( born 1 June 1970 ) is an Indian actor , writer and film producer . Madhavan has received two Filmfare Awards , an award from the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards alongside recognition and nominations from other organisations . He has been described as one of the few actors in India who is able to achieve pan-Indian appeal , appearing in films from seven different languages . Madhavan began his acting career with television guest appearances , including a role on the Zee TV prime-time soap opera Banegi Apni Baat in 1996 . After appearing in commercials and in small roles , he later gained recognition in the Tamil film industry through Mani Ratnam 's successful romance film Alaipayuthey ( 2000 ) . Madhavan soon developed an image as a romantic hero with notable roles in two of 2001 's highest grossing Tamil films , Gautham Menon 's directorial debut Minnale and Madras Talkies ' Dumm Dumm Dumm . He worked with Mani Ratnam again in the critically acclaimed 2002 film Kannathil Muthamittal playing the father of an adopted girl , whilst he achieved commercial success with his role in N. Linguswamy 's action film , Run ( 2002 ) . Madhavan was cast alongside Kamal Haasan in the 2003 drama Anbe Sivam , which earned him two notable awards for Best Supporting Actor . In 2004 , he gave a critically acclaimed performance as the antagonist in the multi-starrer Aayutha Ezhuthu and the film secured him his first Filmfare Award for the intense portrayal of a rogue . In the mid-2000s , Madhavan also actively pursued a career in Hindi films , by appearing in supporting roles in three highly successful productions , Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra 's Rang De Basanti ( 2006 ) , Mani Ratnam 's biopic Guru ( 2007 ) and Rajkumar Hirani 's 3 Idiots ( 2009 ) , which went on to become the highest grossing Indian film of all time upon release . He simultaneously worked on Tamil films , gaining critical acclaim for his portrayal of a vigilante in his home production Evano Oruvan ( 2007 ) and for the successful bilingual horror film , Yavarum Nalam ( 2009 ) . After appearing in further box office hits , Tanu Weds Manu ( 2011 ) and Vettai ( 2012 ) , Madhavan took a break from acting . Returning after a three-year sabbatical in 2015 , his comeback films , the romantic-comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns ( 2015 ) and the sports drama Irudhi Suttru ( 2016 ) , both won critical and commercial acclaim . In addition to his acting career , Madhavan has worked as a writer on his films , hosted television programmes and has been a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products . He has also worked as a film producer , first making Evano Oruvan with Leukos Films , before setting up Tricolour Films to produce Saala Khadoos ( 2016 ) . Madhavan is noted for his philanthropic activities and promotes various causes such as environment , health and education . He is particularly vocal about the protection of animals and was awarded PETA 's Person of the Year recognition in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fd153be73a30ecdcb9930a8bad6be6b6", "text": "Viswanathan Ravichandran Viswanathan Ravichandran , also known as Oscar V. Ravichandran , is an Indian film producer and distributor in Chennai , India . He is the founder and owner of the production and distribution company , Oscar Films Pvt. Ltd. . Ravichandran started his venture in 1998 with the co-production of Kadhalukku Mariyadhai . He went on to produce many large-scale Tamil language films and distribute a number of English films across South India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76228bc1369702c4c3c6eaea18aa1676", "text": "List of accolades received by Aadukalam Aadukalam ( Arena ) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Vetrimaaran and produced by S. Kathiresan . Vetrimaaran co-wrote the dialogues with Vikram Sugumaran . The film stars Dhanush and Taapsee Pannu in the lead roles with Kishore , V. I. S. Jayapalan , Naren , and Murugadoss playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar while the cinematography and editing were respectively handled by Velraj and Kishore Te . The film 's story revolves around Karuppu who is the understudy of an experienced cockfighter , Pettaikaran . When Karuppu wins in a cockfight against Pettaikaran 's rival Rathnasamy , Pettaikaran , who is initially happy , becomes jealous of Karuppu 's newfound popularity and plots his downfall . The film was dubbed into Telugu as Pandem Kollu . Produced on a budget of 150-200 million , Aadukalam was released on 14 January 2011 and grossed 300 million according to a February 2011 report by The Economic Times . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its direction , screenplay , Dhanush 's performance , music , cinematography , and editing . As of 2017 , the film has won 33 awards from 52 nominations . Aadukalam won six awards at the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , thereby sharing the record with Kannathil Muthamittal ( 2002 ) for the most number of National Film Awards won by a Tamil film . It won awards under the Best Direction ( Vetrimaaran ) , Best Actor ( Dhanush ) , Best Screenplay ( Original ) ( Vetrimaaran ) , Best Editing ( Kishore Te ) and Best Choreography ( Dinesh Kumar ) categories with a Special Jury Award being presented to V. I. S Jayapalan . The film was nominated in seven categories at the 59th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Film -- Tamil ( S. Kathiresan ) , Best Director -- Tamil , Best Actor -- Tamil , Best Music Director -- Tamil ( G. V. Prakash Kumar ) , and Best Cinematographer ( Velraj ) . At the 6th Vijay Awards , it was nominated in twenty-two categories and won in five , including Entertainer of the Year , Best Director and Best Music Director . Among other wins , the film received seven Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards , four South Indian International Movie Awards , three Mirchi Music Awards , and one Norway Tamil Film Festival Award , Chennai International Film Festival Award , and Chennai Times Film Award each .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9f98a0a943b536713f2fcffd441ad70", "text": "Varshadhare Varshadhare ( 2010 ) is a Kannada movie directed by Vemagal Jagannatharao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd083c71b0c152e838a48289bc7a4eb", "text": "Singam (soundtrack) The film 's soundtrack , released on 11 May 2010 , was scored by Devi Sri Prasad , marking his third collaboration with Suriya after Maayavi and Aaru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b557d819416367a02dd78566434faaa8", "text": "Oru Veedu Iru Vasal Oru Veedu Iru Vasal ( One House , Two Entrances ) is a 1990 Indian Tamil language Drama film directed by K Balachander starring Yamini , Kumaresh and Ganesh . The film had two storylines , first story was adapted from novel `` Meendum Meendum '' by Anuradha Ramanan and the second story was written by Ananthu . Violin virtuoso-brothers Ganesh and Kumaresh made their acting débuts . The film won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues at the 38th National Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89e1cddf229ff5577a5b0b2ad5c645eb", "text": "Vasantha Geetha Vasantha Geetha is a 1980 Indian Kannada romantic drama film directed by Dorai - Bhagwan duo . The film starred Rajkumar , Gayathri and Puneeth Rajkumar in lead roles . The film , produced by Nirupama Art Combines , was a musical blockbuster with all the songs composed by M. Ranga Rao considered evergreen hits . The story , lyrics and screenplay were written by Chi . Udaya Shankar . A portion of the song Kannalle Eno from this movie was re-used in the title track of the 2010 movie Jackie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d3a8c1e445ca544164280e501c57a7", "text": "Note Out Note Out is a 2011 Malayalam comedy film directed by debutant Kutty Naduvil starring Nishan and Mithra Kurian in the lead roles . The music of the film has been composed by Vinu Thomas with lyrics penned by Anil Panachooran . The film released on 14 January 2011 . The film is produced by Joseph George in the banner of Thekkadiyil Films , who also distributes the film through Play House Release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77b4dd8f792e9c50b114dc9f9a28a29", "text": "...And Once Again And Once Again is a 2010 Indian family drama film directed by Amol Palekar . The film premiered in India on 20 August 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c360b133bfa43abcdf39debdf14d907", "text": "Madhu (film) Madhu is a 2006 Tamil-language Indian feature film directed by K. Thennarasu and produced by K.KaliyaMoorthy , starring Githan Ramesh , Priyamani and Ashish Vidyarthi . The film was released in 2006 to negative reviews and went unnoticed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afbe385fb42c4880250d708037a559e9", "text": "Parvathy (actress) Parvathy ( born Parvathy Thiruvoth Kottuvata ) is an Indian film actress from Kozhikode , Kerala , who stars in South Indian films . She made her debut in the 2006 Malayalam film Out of Syllabus . She 's well known for her performances in films such as Notebook ( 2006 ) , Poo ( 2008 ) , Prithvi ( 2010 ) , City of God ( 2011 ) , Maryan ( 2013 ) , Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) , Uttama Villain ( 2015 ) , Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) , Charlie ( 2015 ) and Take Off ( 2017 ) . Parvathy has won various awards and accolades for her roles . Parvathy won the 2015 Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performances in the Malayalam films Ennu Ninte Moideen and Charlie . She won Filmfare awards for various roles as well , including the 2015 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Kanchanamala in the Malayalam film Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) and the 2008 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Maari in the Tamil film Poo . She also won the 2014 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as RJ Sarah in the Malayalam film Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d2b3a4b264ca85fb4120c6c8ed5c31e", "text": "Naan Mahaan Alla (2010 film) Naan Mahaan Alla ( I 'm Not a Saint ) is a 2010 Tamil-language Indian crime thriller film written and directed by Suseenthiran . It stars Karthi , Kajal Aggarwal , Jayaprakash and Soori . It features music scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja and cinematography handled by R. Madhi and was produced by K. E. Gnanavelraja and distributed by Dayanidhi Azhagiri 's Cloud Nine Movies . The film , not related to the namesake 1984 Rajinikanth-starrer , but based on a real life incident , released on 20 August 2010 to positive reviews . It was later dubbed in Telugu as Naa Peru Shiva , released across 230 screens in Andhra Pradesh and became a success there too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2087631f2eb1d4e958ef8fec1ce9f97d", "text": "2010 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards The 2010 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award was announced in January 6 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39d1b0a552a73322538e006cd367246", "text": "Bodyguard (2010 film) Bodyguard is a 2010 Malayalam romantic action comedy film written and directed by Siddique . It stars Dileep and Nayantara in the lead roles . This film was Nayantara 's comeback to Malayalam cinema after a gap of four years , and it is the first time that Dileep had worked with Siddique . Popular choreographer-director Prabhu Deva choreographed the song sequences . The film released on 23 January 2010 . It has been remade into Tamil , Hindi , Kannada and Telugu and was a moderate success . Tamil and Hindi versions were directed by Siddique himself . A Bengali version of the movie is in production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8bcc956105b910fa3d1f86461e21bac", "text": "Veera Telangana Veera Telanagana is a 2010 Telugu film directed by R. Narayana Murthy , based on Telangana Movement . The film 's cast include R. Narayana Murthy , Vijayaranga Raju .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "babe446d2773b6ff3a5813029912fd82", "text": "Rajiv Menon Rajiv Menon ( born 20 April 1963 ) is an Indian advertising director , cinematographer , actor and film maker known for his works predominantly in Tamil cinema . He is known for directing critically acclaimed Tamil films like Minsara Kanavu and Kandukondain Kandukondain . As a cinematographer his accomplishments include works such as , Bombay , Morning Raga , Guru , Kadal , and Cheluvi . Menon 's first directorial venture Minsara Kanavu was not only a commercial success but also received four National Film Awards . His second directorial venture was the multi-starrer Kandukondain Kandukondain . In addition to directing the film , he also wrote the story and screenplay for the film . The film fetched him the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Director award . Menon has also set up Rajiv Menon Productions and Mindscreen Film Institute , which supplies equipment for documentaries , advertising films and cinema . He has acted in a Malayalam film called Harikrishnans and has given a cameo in Minsara Kanavu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af1b59dccf8854716a94d00503ea0d0", "text": "Mathond Madhuvena Mathond Madhuvena is a 2011 Kannada film in the comedy genre starring Anant Nag , Suhasini Maniratnam and Naveen Krishna in the lead roles . The film is a sequel to the 2010 hit film Eradane Maduve . The film has been directed and written by Dinesh Baboo and produced by Umesh Banakar and Anil Menasinakayi . Giridhar has composed the music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e09e1d7ee387322b61ad8dbc3d7766", "text": "Raaj the Showman Raaj-The Showman is a 2009 Kannada language film starring Puneeth Rajkumar and Priyanka Kothari , making her debut in the Kannada cinema . It was directed by Prem , director of the popular film , Jogi . Punith Rajkumar 's one of the best Performance was noticed by people . Pavan Ranadheera was the Associate Director and joined his hands and penned the script , screenplay and dialogues . The first Kannada film to have the 4 K technology , the first Kannada film to release in 12 countries at a time when it is released on 14 August in Karnataka , Chennai , Hyderabad and Mumbai , the first Kannada film to come out with 150 prints is Rs .8 crore venture . Raj The Showman had made good collection . And the film was considered as super hit it completed 75 days in 5 theaters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e88e98f3321758fa589df5657df2545", "text": "Snehapoorvam Urvashi Theaters Snehapoorvam Urvashi Theaters is a 2010 Indian Malayalam film directed by Ajith Nair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09cda460e3aee56f008fae54b8b125bd", "text": "Manmadan Ambu Manmadan Ambu ( Cupid 's Arrow ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil romantic comedy film directed by K. S. Ravikumar . Written by Kamal Haasan , it stars himself alongside R. Madhavan and Trisha Krishnan in the lead roles , while featuring Ramesh Arvind , Sangeetha , Manju Pillai and Urvashi among others in supporting roles . The film features music composed by Devi Sri Prasad , with several songs written and sung by Kamal Haasan himself , while Manush Nandan and Shan Mohammed made their debut as cinematographer and editor . After significant pre-production which included rehearsals of the entire script before filming , the film was extensively shot across Europe and on a cruise ship , whilst scenes were also canned across Chennai and Kodaikanal . It was produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin , Manmadan Ambu released worldwide on 23 December 2010 . It was dubbed into Telugu as Manmadha Banam and distributed by Gemini Film Circuit . Upon release , the film opened to mixed reviews and had an average run at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f97b85a2d6c118a010fa5063987639", "text": "Nannavanu Nannavanu is a 2010 Indian Kannada language romantic drama film written and directed by Srinivas Raju and produced by Thulasi Gopal . The film stars Prajwal Devaraj along with Aindrita Ray and Avinash in pivotal roles . The film deals with the reincarnation revenge story as the backdrop . Music maestro Ilaiyaraaja scored the music and V. Nagendra Prasad wrote the lyrics for the songs . The film released on 28 May 2010 across Karnataka and set high expectations for its storyline , music and also some controversies . However upon release , the film generally met with negative reviews from the critics and audience .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1a35c9fff8ae34533cbd9a58edd17ada", "text": "Giacomo Casanova Giacomo Girolamo Casanova ( -LSB- ˈdʒaːkomo dʒiˈrɔːlamo kazaˈnɔːva -RSB- or -LSB- kasaˈnɔːva -RSB- 2 April 1725 -- 4 June 1798 ) was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice . His autobiography , Histoire de ma vie ( Story of My Life ) , is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of the customs and norms of European social life during the 18th century . As was not uncommon at the time , Casanova , depending on circumstances , used more or less fictitious names , such as baron or count of Farussi ( the name of his mother ) or Chevalier de Seingalt ( pronounced Saint-Galle , as in French ) . He often signed his works Jacques Casanova de Seingalt after he began writing in French following his second exile from Venice . He has become so famous for his often complicated and elaborate affairs with women that his name is now synonymous with `` womanizer '' . He associated with European royalty , popes , and cardinals , along with luminaries such as Voltaire , Goethe , and Mozart . He spent his last years in Bohemia as a librarian in Count Waldstein 's household , where he also wrote the story of his life .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "224e7841c4f9fb8fa99bcfb40a6a3ae7", "text": "Casanova (Anita Skorgan song) `` Casanova '' was the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 , performed in Norwegian by Anita Skorgan . The song is an up-tempo number , with Skorgan describing her husband , who is absent at the time . She is uncomplimentary about this , singing that he sees himself as a Casanova or a Don Juan figure , and this irritates her . In this particular instance , he claimed he was going for a walk , but `` his suit and car are gone '' , implying something else . The song was performed fifth on the night , following Austria 's Schmetterlinge with `` Boom Boom Boomerang '' and preceding West Germany 's Silver Convention with `` Telegram '' . At the close of voting , it had received 18 points , placing 15th in a field of 18 . It was succeeded as Norwegian representative at the 1978 contest by Jahn Teigen with `` Mil etter mil '' . Category : Eurovision songs of Norway Category : Eurovision songs of 1977 Category :1977 songs Category : RCA Victor singles Category :1977 singles Category : Songs about celebrities Category : Cultural depictions of Giacomo Casanova", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4926269e3e27e4aafe2bf34b32f3403b", "text": "Villanovan culture The Villanovan culture was the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy , abruptly following the Bronze Age Terramare culture and giving way in the 7th century BC to an increasingly orientalizing culture influenced by Greek traders , which was followed without a severe break by the Etruscan civilization . The Villanovan culture and people branched from the Urnfield culture of Central Europe . The Villanovans introduced iron-working to the Italian peninsula ; they practiced cremation and buried the ashes of their dead in pottery urns of distinctive double-cone shape . The name Villanovan comes from the type-site , that of the first archaeological finds relating to this advanced culture , remnants of a cemetery found near Villanova ( Castenaso , 8 kilometers south-east of Bologna ) in northern Italy . The excavation lasting from 1853 to 1855 was made by the scholarly owner , count Giovanni Gozzadini , and involved 193 tombs , six of which were separated from the rest as if to signify a special social status . The `` well tomb '' pit graves lined with stones contained funerary urns ; they had been only sporadically plundered , and most were untouched . In 1893 , a chance discovery unearthed another distinctive Villanovan necropolis at Verucchio , overlooking the Adriatic coastal plain . The burial characteristics relate the Villanovan culture to the Central European Urnfield culture ( c. 1300 -- 750 BC ) , and Celtic Hallstatt culture ( which succeeded the Urnfield culture ) , in such a way that it is not possible to tell them apart in their earlier stages . Cremated remains were placed in cinerary urns and then buried . A custom believed to originate with the Villanovan culture is the usage of `` Hut urns '' , cinerary urns fashioned like small huts , and other advanced urn designs . Typical sgraffito decorations of swastikas , meanders and squares were scratched with a comb-like tool . Urns were accompanied by simple bronze fibulae , razors and rings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41827a48c706cbeee404cad925699faa", "text": "Casanova (2005 film) Casanova is a 2005 American romantic film directed by Lasse Hallström starring Heath Ledger and loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f9e99e585e0184c2a729d67f5dc36bb", "text": "Samnium Samnium ( Sannio ) is a Latin exonym for a region of Southern Italy anciently inhabited by the Samnites . Their own endonyms were Safinim for the country ( attested in one inscription and one coin legend ) and Safineis for the The language of these endonyms and of the population was the Oscan language . However , not all the Samnites spoke Oscan , and not all the Oscan-speakers lived in Samnium . The ancient geographers were unable to relay a precise definition of Samnium 's borders . Moreover , the areas it included vary depending on the time period considered . The main configurations are the borders it had during the floruit of the Oscan speakers , from about 600 BC to about 290 BC , when it was finally absorbed by the Roman Republic . This originary Samnium should not be confused with the later territory of the same name . Rome 's first Emperor , Augustus , divided Italy into 11 regions . Although these entities only served administrative purposes , and were identified with the sole numeral , by scholarly convention the Regio IV has been dubbed `` Samnium '' . Ancient Samnium had actually been split up into three of the Augustan regions . The name survives in Italian today , but it defines only a small portion of what it once was - virtually , only the Province of Benevento .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d14f87d147fa3e233be820532fc884f", "text": "Giacomo Moraglia Giacomo Moraglia ( 7 June 1791 -- 1 February 1860 ) was a prolific Italian architect in the late Neoclassical period , remembered above all for his Porta Comasina ( now Porta Garibaldi ) in Milan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2495bdfb4c7dc5dc94c2687fa24c647", "text": "Canovaccio A canovaccio is a scenario used by commedia dell ` arte players . It consisted only of a list of acts and scenes ; the details were left to the improvisation of the actors . Actors in the commedia dell ` Arte thus had to be endowed with an inventive mind since the success of the play depended largely on their creativity and above all on their lazzi ( jokes and gags ) . The spotlight fell on the actors rather than on the play itself . The use of improvisation on top of canovaccio enabled the avoidance of censorship because censors can not censor that which is not written . Since the dialogue was almost entirely improvised on stage , actors and theatre companies could get away with almost anything . In the late 19th century scholars began searching for documentary sources on the history of the theatre in Italy . Over a thousand documents in manuscript or print were discovered that consisted of canovaccia in numerous collections or individually , and usually anonymous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe141adbae499552c8d1393db2db32d2", "text": "Palazzo Biscari Palazzo Biscari is a private palace in Catania , Sicily , southern Italy . It was built by will of the Paternò Castello family , the princes of Biscari , starting from the late 17th century , lasting for much of the following century , after the devastations of the 11 January 1693 earthquake . The new palace was built directly against the city walls ( Charles V 's walls ) , which had partially withstood the earthquake . The oldest section was built under Ignazio , third prince of Biscari , who entrusted the project to architect Alonzo Di Benedetto . Ignazio 's son , Vincenzo , commissioned the decoration of the seven large windows facing the seaside , by the Messinese sculptor Antonino Amato . Later the palace was modified under the fourth Prince , Ignazio Paternò Castello , who had it enlarged eastwards under design by Giuseppe Palazzotto and , later , by Francesco Battaglia . The building was finished in 1763 and inaugurated with big celebrations . The palace is accessed through a large portal facing via Museo Biscari , leading to the inner courtyard , which features a large double staircase . In the interior is the `` Feasts Hall '' , in Roccoco style , with a complex decoration of mirrors , stuccoes and frescoes painted by Matteo Desiderato and Sebastiano Lo Monaco . The small dome , destined to the orchestra , has a frescoe depicting the glories of the Paternò Castello di Biscari family . It is accessed through a staircase decorated in stucco within the gallery facing the sea . Among the other rooms are the `` Fief Room '' , featuring large canvasses of the Biscari feudataries ; the `` Princess Apartments '' , built by Ignazio V of Biscari for his wife , with pavements of ancient Roman marbles ; the `` Birds Gallery '' and the `` Don Quixote Room '' . There is also a museum , once housing the collection of Ignazio V , most of the material of which is now in the Castello Ursino in Catania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74103ecc5bc7257b50bc349638014e27", "text": "Italianization Italianization ( Italianizzazione talijanizacija poitaljančevanje Italianisierung Ιταλοποίηση ) is the spread of Italian culture , people , or language , either by integration or assimilation . It is most known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915 . This process was conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31753af53985828d7c0000c221f584df", "text": "Giustiniana Wynne Giustiniana Wynne ( later Countess Rosenberg-Orsini ; Venice , 21 January 1737Padua , 22 August 1791 ) was an Anglo-Venetian author . She is best known for her association with Casanova as well as her secret love affair with Andrea Memmo , one of the last statesmen of the Venetian Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e6272b5428ea9365da3cf96d346c0ad", "text": "Battista Beccario Battista Beccario , also known as Baptista Beccharius ( name also sometimes given as `` Beccaria '' , `` Beccari '' or `` Bedrazio '' ) , was a 15th-century Genoese cartographer . Virtually nothing is known of his life . Battista is probably a relative ( perhaps a son ? ) of an earlier Genoese cartographer , Francesco Beccario , responsible for a 1403 portolan map . Battista Beccario is the author of two notable portolan charts : 1426 portolan chart , signed and dated , `` Baptista Becharius civis Janue composuit hanc cartam anno domini millex.o CCCC.XXX de mense novembris ad requisicionem et nomine ... '' ( rest illegible ) , 103.5 x 68 cm , held by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich , Germany . ( Mapp.XXV ,1 y ) 1435 portolan chart signed and dated as '' ... a becharius . Ciuis Janue composiut hanc ... anno domini . Millexio cccc.xxxv de ... jullij '' ( some portions unreadable ) , 89 x 65 cm , held by the Biblioteca Palatina in Parma , Italy . ( II ,21,1613 ) ( A third possible Battista Beccario map surfaced c. 1950 , albeit unsigned and tentatively dated c. 1426 . It is privately held . ) Both of the Beccario maps are smaller than the `` normal portolan '' , i.e. they omit the Black Sea and most of the east Mediterranean . The maps also barely touches Europe north of Flanders . They do , however , have an expansive Atlantic Ocean , riddled with islands . In the 1426 Munich map , Beccario seems to derive many of the stylings of the Majorcan cartographic school , being the first Italian map replete with inland features Although it seems like a `` normal portolan '' , it covers an area a bit smaller than its predecessors , e.g. it omits most of northern Europe and the Baltics , and less of the west African coast . Among its novel features , Beccario depicts the winds and the Pole star on colored round disks on the edge of the map , a custom later widely adopted in portolan charts . The portolan 's signature is emblazoned with the royal arms of Castile-Leon , suggesting a Spanish patron . Beccario 's 1435 Parma map is similar to the earlier in its range , but exhibits the traditional sparse Italian school style , nautical-focused , omitting most inland details and illustrations , with only a few cities depicted ( Genoa , Avignon , Santiago de Compostela , Tlemcen ) , the rest ( if noted ) reduced to labels . In his 1426 map , Beccario labels what seems like the Madeira archipelago , recently ( re - ? ) discovered by the Portuguese in 1418 -- 20 , as the insulle fortunate santi brandany ( `` Fortunate Islands of Saint Brendan '' ) , blending the legendary Saint Brendan 's Island and the real islands of Madeira . Prior to the discovery of the 1424 map of Zuane Pizzigano , Beccario 's 1435 Parma map was believed to be the first to depict the legendary Atlantic islands of Antillia , Satanazes ( Satanagio ) , Royllo and Tanmar , famously labelling the group as Insulle a nove repte ( read : repte = repertae , `` islands newly reported '' ) . The Antillia group does not appear in his earlier 1426 chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1f6acfa8f1df1957f9c16562506cd4d", "text": "Fabio Casadei Turroni Fabio Casadei Turroni ( born November 11 , 1964 ) is an Italian novelist , musicologist and journalist . Son of the painter Rino Casadei Turroni , he studied singing and got his bachelor 's degree as a musicologist at the Department of Art and Music at Bologna State University . He then established himself as a lyrical tenor . Casadei Turroni 's performing style was highly appreciated by some of the best musicians of the 20th century , but at the age of 38 he gave up performing because of his health troubles , and started writing novels . He currently lives between Bologna and Milan . His debut novel , Moto Perpetuo ( Perpetuum Mobile ) , was a best seller and won the first prize at the 2001 GLBT Art Competition . His second novel Cosmicomiche Orgasmiche ( a clear tribute to Italo Calvino 's Cosmicomiche ) was published one year after . The third novel Angelo d'Edimburgo was published in 2006 . The preface of the novel was written by the writer Roberto Pazzi , and the postface was written by the composer Sylvano Bussotti . In 2007 Casadei Turroni wrote the libretto for an opera , Ceneraccio ( Cinderella ) , taken from old Norwegian tales . The music was written by Sylvano Bussotti . Casadei Turroni also translated poems by Christopher Isherwood into Italian for musical settings by Bussotti . Casadei Turroni is also a political activist in support of the International Lesbian and Gay Association and other LGBT organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75999ef9c859f992e0dc1a893fd14f96", "text": "Manon Balletti Manon Balletti ( 1740 -- 1776 ) was the daughter of Italian actors performing in France and lover of the famous womanizer Giacomo Casanova . She was ten years old when she first met him ; she happened to be the daughter of Silvia Balletti , an actress of the Comédie Italienne company and younger sister of Casanova 's closest friend . The lovers started their relationship when Casanova was thirty-two years old and Manon was seventeen . ( Although Manon 's mother was associated with acting , considered disreputable at the time , mother and daughter were observed by Casanova to be of a `` pure nature '' . ) She wrote forty-two letters full of love and deep feelings for him ; a well-known quote from these letters describes Casanova as : `` My lover , my husband , my friend '' . Casanova 's sexual passions caused him to be unfaithful , causing their three-year relationship to have numerous ups and downs . Yet she continued to share his home , found in Rue du Petit-Lion-St . Sauveur . Manon was at the time engaged to her clavichord teacher , but broke it off at Casanova 's request , thus starting a new engagement with him . This did not keep him from having various sexual relations with other women , yet Manon remained faithful to him . His memoirs record his regret for being unkind to her when having these affairs . Once Casanova was imprisoned after he was sued by creditors in Paris . Manon sent a pair of diamond earrings with which she bought him out . Subsequently she ended the engagement and returned his portrait and letters . Manon married the architect Jacques-François Blondel a short while after , disappointing Casanova , who believed that he would one day be able to settle down with her . Manon died at the age of 36 , questionably from pulmonary hypertension . Casanova wrote in his memoirs that he believed his behavior shortened her life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d7b6a8dbcecb25935f00c82e9694f6", "text": "Building Little Italy Building Little Italy : Philadelphia 's Italians before Mass Migration is a 1998 nonfiction book by Richard N. Juliani , published by Penn State University Press . The book discusses Italian immigration to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania from its beginnings in the 1750s through the 1870s . The book discusses the individual Italian Americans and the social issues the early Italian American community faced . John Zucchi of McGill University wrote that Building Little Italy was against the practice of being filiopietistic , or members of an ethnic group emphasizing `` the presence of their `` tribe '' in a particular locale from the early history of a European presence in that locus '' in order `` to bolster the community or to respond to a perceived self-disesteem of their ethnic group '' . Stefano Luconi of the University of Florence wrote that this book differed from a trend of most research of Italian Americans being `` a hagiographic defense of Italian immigrants ' contributions to the cultural , political , and economic development of American society to counter negative stereotypes of Italians as foreigners incapable of assimilation into their adoptive country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fb8730d137fcedb4b69c11337311c34", "text": "After Casanova's Fashion After Casanova 's Fashion ( Italian : Casanova farebbe così ! ) is a 1942 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia and starring Eduardo De Filippo , Peppino De Filippo and Clelia Matania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a67e8d788de6dda014be71a9edf3bda6", "text": "San Giacomo in Augusta San Giacomo in Augusta is a Baroque-style church built in central Rome , Italy . Standing on Via del Corso number 499 , roughly three blocks south of the Piazza del Popolo in rione Campo Marzio , nearly opposite to the church of Gesù e Maria . A Church at the site was originally built in the 14th century adjacent to a hospital for the Incurabili ( uncurables ) , and thus is also known as San Giacomo degli Incurabili . The suffix `' in Augusta '' referred to the neighboring Mausoleum of Augustus . A church at the location was founded along with a hospital by Cardinal Giovanni Colonna in 1339 . By 1515 , the hospital was in a state of abandon , but within a few decades reopened under the supervision of two religious orders , with the aim of curing those affected by syphilis . Pope Nicholas V placed it under the control of the Company of Santa Maria del Popolo . This order was under the patronage of the Florentine Cardinal Antonio Maria Salviati , and he commissioned the reconstruction of the church . The oval layout of the church at the site was rebuilt starting by Francesco da Volterra in 1592 . Upon the former architect 's death , the facade and most of the interior decoration completed by Carlo Maderno in 1600 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f05d5d53507c8183d3a872c09f59af", "text": "A Modern Casanova A Modern Casanova ( German : Der moderne Casanova ) is a 1928 German silent romantic comedy film directed by Max Obal and Rudolf Walther-Fein and starring Harry Liedtke , María Corda and Ernö Verebes . The film 's art direction was by Botho Hoefer and Hans Minzloff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288a80e68579ccf19e634ec7eab975aa", "text": "Il teatro alla moda Il teatro alla moda ( The Fashionable Theater ) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author , the Venetian composer Benedetto Marcello ( 1686 -- 1739 ) , vents his critical opinions on the milieu of the Italian opera seria in the first decades of the eighteenth century . It was first published anonymously in Venice , by the end of 1720 . Virtually every aspect of opera seria and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello : the artificiality of plots , the stereotyped format of music , the extravagant scenography and machinery , the inability and venality of composers and poets , the vanity and vulgarity of singers , the avidity of impresarios , the ineptitude of musicians . The full title reads `` THE FASHIONABLE THEATER -- OR -- safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style , -- In which -- useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists , Composers , Musicians of both sexes , Impresarios , Performers , Engineers , and Scene Painters , comic Characters , Tailors , Pages , Dancers , Prompters , Copyists , Protectors , and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers , & other People belonging to Theater . '' In fact , Il teatro alla moda is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions , in order to meet `` the modern customs '' and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events . Besides the title , the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time . For instance , the publisher 's name `` Aldiviva Licante '' refers , by means of anagrams , both to Antonio Vivaldi , then very famous as an opera composer , and to the singer Caterina Canteli . The text of Il teatro alla moda displays several striking features . To begin with , it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject -- perhaps resulting from Marcello 's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music , as both a critic and a composer . For example , the dedicatory is by `` the author of the book to its composer . '' In addition , it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements , which reach a climax in the last chapter , `` The Raffle '' ( presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer ) , where the prizes include `` a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark , wrapped with metaphors , translations , hyperboles '' as well as `` the pen that wrote Il teatro alla moda . '' The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa97d4d44ec22b46a947d0943374017", "text": "Casanova (1971 TV serial) Casanova is a British television drama serial , written by television playwright Dennis Potter . Directed by Mark Cullingham and John Glenister , the serial was made by the BBC and screened on the BBC2 network in November and December 1971 . It is loosely based on Italian adventurer Giacomo Casanova 's Histoire de ma vie ( Story of My Life ; 1780 -- 92 ) . It was Dennis Potter 's first television serial , having previously written single plays for the BBC 's The Wednesday Play and Play for Today series . Frank Finlay starred in the title role and was nominated for the best actor award at the 1972 BAFTA ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492a5423747572b9e27d50426c341cb7", "text": "Giovanni Bellucci Giovanni Bellucci ( born Rome , August 31 , 1965 ) is an Italian pianist . After having inadvertently discovered the piano , when he was already fourteen , he started studying at the ` S. Cecilia ' Conservatoire in Rome under the direction of Franco Medori . After having taken his degree summa cum laude and honourable mention , he was awarded a `` Master '' at the Accademia Pianistica in Imola . As a result he could subsequently claim amongst his contacts artists of the stature of Paul Badura-Skoda , Alfred Brendel , Murray Perahia and Maurizio Pollini . His recording of Franz Liszt 's Paraphrases of Verdi and Bellini operas was included in Diapason magazine 's selection of the all-time top 10 Liszt recordings . Apart from Bellucci , the music critic Alain Lompech only took into consideration artists such as Martha Argerich , Claudio Arrau , Aldo Ciccolini , Gyorgy Cziffra , Wilhelm Kempff and Krystian Zimerman . For the British magazine Gramophone , Bellucci is an artist born into the great Italian tradition and brought up to it - a tradition historically represented by Busoni , Zecchi , Michelangeli , Ciani , Pollini . `` He takes us back to the golden age of the piano '' declared the daily Le Monde in highlighting Bellucci 's success in the World Piano Masters Competition in Montecarlo 1996 -- the last in a lengthy series of successes in international competitions ( from the ` Queen Elisabeth ' in Brussels to the ` Prague Spring ' , from the RAI ` Casella ' to the ` C. Kahn ' in Paris , from the ` Busoni ' to the ` Franz Liszt ' ) . In 2005 , he received the award `` Recital of the year '' after his first concert tour in Australia . All his CDs , published by Decca , WARNER CLASSICS , ACCORD-UNIVERSAL , OPUS 106 , ASSAI , and DANACORD , have been awarded by specialist publications : `` Choc de l'année '' by the Classical magazine Répertoire and `` Choc '' of Le Monde de la Musique in France , UK Gramophone 's `` Editor 's choice '' , `` 5 Stars '' from Musica , `` 5 stars '' from the BBC Music Magazine , `` Cd exceptionnel '' from Répertoire , `` ffff '' from Télérama , `` Best Cd '' from the magazine Suono , etc. . The recording company Universal has published the complete Hungarian Rhapsodies S244 by Franz Liszt ( with a double CD including a rare work , such as the Romanian Rhapsody S242 ) and the CD Chopin Métamorphoses , where Giovanni Bellucci played some works as world premiere , like the Concerto No. 1 by Chopin/Tausig and the Polonaise op. 53 `` Heroic '' by Chopin/Busoni . The Concerto op 39 for piano and orchestra by Ferruccio Busoni , recorded by the Italian pianist with the orchestra and choir of the Mannheim National Theater , will soon be published .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ffda74fdf2c79710459bb29411fba5a", "text": "Istanbul Istanbul ( -LSB- ˌɪstænˈbʊl -RSB- , -LSB- - ˈbuːl -RSB- or -LSB- - stɑːn - -RSB- İstanbul -LSB- isˈtɑnbuɫ -RSB- ) , historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural , and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosphorus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( conterminous with Istanbul Province ) , both hosting a population of around 14.7 million residents . Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities and ranks as the world 's 7th-largest city proper and the largest European city . Founded under the name of Byzantion on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city developed to become one of the most significant in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman and Byzantine ( 330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453 ) , the Latin ( 1204 -- 1261 ) , and the Ottoman ( 1453 -- 1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Istanbul 's strategic position on the historic Silk Road , rail networks to Europe and the Middle East , and the only sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean have produced a cosmopolitan populace , although less so since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 . Overlooked for the new capital Ankara during the interwar period , the city has since regained much of its prominence . The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s , as migrants from across Anatolia have moved in and city limits have expanded to accommodate them . Arts , music , film , and cultural festivals were established at the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today . Infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network . Approximately foreign visitors arrived in Istanbul in 2015 , five years after it was named a European Capital of Culture , making the city the world 's fifth most popular tourist destination . The city 's biggest attraction is its historic center , partially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and its cultural and entertainment hub can be found across the city 's natural harbor , the Golden Horn , in the Beyoğlu district . Considered a global city , Istanbul has one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies in the world . It hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product . Hoping to capitalize on its revitalization and rapid expansion , Istanbul has bid for the Summer Olympics five times in twenty years .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "50f3db336a2dabbc05483d1742818c24", "text": "History of Afghanistan The written history of Afghanistan , ( تاریخ افغانستان د افغانستان تاريخ can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire , although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE . The Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north , with several sites being known . Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela . Since then , many empires have established capitals inside Afghanistan , including the Greco-Bactrians , Mauryas , Kushans , Hindu Shahi , Saffarids , Samanids , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Timurids , Mughals , Hotakis and Durranis . Afghanistan ( meaning `` land of the Afghans '' ) has been a strategically important location throughout history . The land served as `` a gateway to India , impinging on the ancient Silk Road , which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China '' . Sitting on many trade and migration routes , Afghanistan may be called the ` Central Asian roundabout ' since routes converge from the Middle East , from the Indus Valley through the passes over the Hindu Kush , from the Far East via the Tarim Basin , and from the adjacent Eurasian Steppe . The archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranians ( Aryans ) before their split into separate language groups is generally seen as the Andronovo culture to the north of present-day Afghanistan . The Iranian languages were developed by one branch of these people ; the Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan is one of the Eastern Iranian languages . Elena E. Kuz ` mina argues that the tents of Iranian-speaking nomads of Afghanistan developed from the light surface houses of the Eurasian steppe belt in the Bronze Age . The Arab invasions influenced the culture of Afghanistan , and its pre-Islamic period of Zoroastrian , Macedonian , Buddhist and Hindu past has long vanished . Turkic empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids and Timurids made the region now called Afghanistan of major importance . Mirwais Hotak followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani unified Afghan tribes and founded the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE . Afghanistan 's sovereignty has been held during the Anglo-Afghan Wars , the 1980s Soviet war , and the 2001-present war by the country 's many and diverse people : the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Aimak , Baloch and others . The Pashtuns form the largest group , claiming to be descendants of ancient Israelites or Qais Abdur Rashid but scholars believe that they are a confederation of various peoples from the past who united under Pashtunwali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17fbb114acff77db776ca5734099fa6", "text": "List of shopping malls in Istanbul This is a list of notable historical and modern shopping malls in Istanbul , Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d941fa3a8a268f3d0facd480509c13c", "text": "Yenikapı Yenikapı ( -LSB- jenikapɯ -RSB- ) is a port and a quarter in Istanbul , Turkey , in the metropolitan district of Fatih on the European side of the Bosphorus and along the southern shore of the city 's historically central peninsula . Yenikapı is notable for the ongoing excavations on its Byzantine port discovered in 2004 . This has become one of the largest investigations in Europe , because of the size and the number of the shipwrecks found since the initial discovery , and the large number of associated artefacts . The commercial harbor , called the Harbour of Theodosius , in use between the 5th and the 10th centuries , was an alternative to Constantinople 's traditional berths situated along the inlet of the Golden Horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f09c1d1792a4bf238bc019f5975638", "text": "Stone Tower (Ptolemy) Ptolemy , the Greco-Egyptian geographer of Alexandria , wrote about a `` Stone Tower '' ( λίθινος πύργος in Greek , Turris Lapidea in Latin ) which marked the mid-point on the ancient Silk Road -- the network of overland trade routes taken by caravans between Europe and Asia . It was the most important landmark on this route , where caravans stopped on their difficult and dangerous journeys to allow travellers to take on provisions , rest , and trade goods before continuing on . Ptolemy 's famous treatise on cartography , Geography , written around 140 CE , is the only book on this subject to have survived from classical antiquity , and has had a profound influence right through the ages . In it , he set the coordinates of the Stone Tower at longitude135 and latitude 43 degrees north on his gradation system , but its actual location has been vigorously debated by researchers and historians over the centuries . This is because the information that he , and other scholars from his era , left behind is simply not precise enough ( despite his coordinates ) , due to the rudimentary methods caravans employed while route surveying distant lands from which ancient cartographers drew their maps . If the Stone Tower could be pin-pointed then not only would this be of great significance in the study of ancient geography , but it would allow other important landmarks in this region , similarly ( and imprecisely ) detailed by Ptolemy , to be more closely located also . A brief survey of literature reveals the long-standing disagreements by geographers and historians to locate the Stone Tower : As far back as the 11th century Al-Biruni suggested it was the city of Tashkent ( which means `` castle of stone '' ) . In the 19th century , Hagar too maintained it was Tashkent , partly based on the striking coincidence of the city being on the same latitude of 43 degrees north ; while d'Anville identified it with the fortress of Aatas , 7 degrees northwest of Kashgar ; and Bell argued it was near the Pass of Chiltung in the Pamirs . Yule located it nearby at Daraut-Kurgan , while Bevan & Smith thought the Stone Tower was probably the same as the `` Hormeterium '' ( or `` merchants ' station '' which Ptolemy also writes about ) and located it near the Sulaiman-Too mountain in Osh . Bunbury thought the information given was too vague to precisely determine its location . In the 20th century , Hackin travelled there and thought it was at Tashkurgan , while Hermann placed it in the vicinity of Daraut-Kurgan . Stein , who perhaps most extensively travelled this region , suggested the valley of Karategin was the area Ptolemy referred to `` when the traveller ascended the ravine '' and so proposed a site near Daraut-Kurgan , and Thomson agrees it should be nearby . From the turn of this century , Rapin ( 2001 ) has suggested it is Sulaiman-Too ; while Bernard ( 2005 ) , by carefully tracing the route taken by the caravan of Maes Titianos , locates the Stone Tower near Daraut-Kurgan ; and P'iankov ( 2014 ) , after also considering information drawn from contemporary sailors , agrees with him . Tupikova et al ( 2014 ) , following `` the application of spherical trigonometry for the recalculation of Ptolemy 's coordinates '' , concluded that it `` can with great probability be identified as Tashkurgan '' . Dean ( 2015 ) also uses a new methodology , by proposing a set of three criteria to help locate this landmark , and identifies it as Sulaiman-Too . All in all , there are four sites that are most often identified as the likely location of the Stone Tower : ( i ) the city of Tashkent , in Uzbekistan ; ( ii ) the Sulaiman-Too mountain in Osh , Kyrgyzstan ; ( iii ) the town of Daraut-Kurgan in south-western Kyrgyzstan ; and ( iv ) the town of Tashkurgan , in Xinjiang , China . However , some historians also consider the Hormeterium , located nearby in the mountains close to the crossover point with China , to be one and the same as the Stone Tower ; and believe this landmark to be the settlement of Irkeshtam . All four sites mentioned above , as well as Irkeshtam , can be seen on the Map of Silk Roads over the Roof of Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00fa91dd6e7cc440047e7acb8cb44238", "text": "Ottoman studies Ottoman studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history , culture , costumes , religion , art , such as literature and music , science , economy , and politics of the Ottoman Empire . It is a sub-category of Oriental studies and Middle Eastern studies , and also Turkish studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52b06a21678382c4a797a7cfd3743c38", "text": "Rise of the Ottoman Empire The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in , and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29 , 1453 . This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia . For this reason , this period in the empire 's history has been described as the Proto-Imperial Era . Throughout most of this period , the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region , and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm . By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r. 1451-1481 ) . The cause of Ottoman success can not be attributed to any single factor , and they varied throughout the period as the Ottomans continually adapted to changing circumstances . The earlier part of this period , the fourteenth century , is particularly difficult for historians to study due to the scarcity of sources . Not a single written document survives from the reign of Osman I , and very little survives from the rest of the century . The Ottomans , furthermore , did not begin to record their own history until the fifteenth century , more than a hundred years after many of the events they describe . It is thus a great challenge for historians to differentiate between fact and myth in analyzing the stories contained in these later chronicles , so much so that one historian has even declared it impossible , describing the earliest period of Ottoman history as a `` black hole . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9da9eb7c034acba036aeac1939512bf", "text": "Silk Route (disambiguation) The Silk Route is a number of trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass . Silk Route may also refer to : Silk Route ( band ) , an Indian music band", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0421fa156302a3b3a83139d43f63080", "text": "Forum of Arcadius The Forum of Arcadius ( Forum Arcadii , Φόρος τοῦ Ἀρκαδίου ) , was built by the Emperor Arcadius in the city of Constantinople , now Istanbul . Built in 403 , it was built in the Xerolophos area and was the last forum before reaching the Constantinian city walls and the Golden Gate in a line of forums , including the Forum of Theodosius , the Forum of Constantine , the Forum Bovis , and the Forum Amastrianum , built westward from the city center along the Mese . The forum was later converted to a bazaar by the Ottomans , referred to as the Avrat Pazarı or `` Women 's Bazaar '' , which was mistaken with the Slave Market at Tavukpazari near Nur-u Osmaniye used for the auctioning of female slaves , otherwise known as ` Cariye ' , who technically during the period had a completely different social status than regular slaves . This practice was abolished in 1847 during Reshid Pasha 's time possibly due to the British influence Slavery Abolition Act 1833 . The Column of Arcadius , located in the center of the forum , was decorated with spiral bands of sculpture in bas relief representing the triumphs of the emperor , like Trajan 's Column in Rome . At the top of the column , which was more than 50m high , there was an enormous Corinthian capital surmounted by an equestrian statue of Arcadius , placed there in 421 by his son , Theodosius II . This statue was eventually toppled from the column and destroyed during an earthquake in 704 . The column itself remained standing for another thousand years until it was deliberately demolished in 1715 , when it appeared to be in imminent danger of collapsing on the neighboring houses . Now all that remains are the mutilated base and some fragments of sculpture from the column which are on display in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef4e4fb047821c12d643dae3f0d6d45", "text": "Caravan (travellers) A caravan ( from کاروان ) is a group of people traveling together , often on a trade expedition . Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road , where traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits as well as helping to improve economies of scale in trade . In historical times , caravans connecting East Asia and Europe often carried luxurious and lucrative goods , such as silks or jewelry . Caravans could therefore require considerable investment and were a lucrative target for bandits . The profits from a successfully undertaken journey could be enormous , comparable to the later European spice trade . The luxurious goods brought by caravans attracted many rulers along important trade routes to construct caravanserais . Caravanserais were roadside stations which supported the flow of commerce , information , and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia , North Africa , and southeastern Europe , especially along the Silk Road . Caravanserais provided water for human and animal consumption , washing , and ritual ablutions . Sometimes they had elaborate baths . They also kept fodder for animals and had shops for travelers where they could acquire new supplies . In addition , some shops bought goods from the traveling merchants . However , the volume a caravan could transport was limited even by Classical or Medieval standards . For example , a caravan of 500 camels could only transport as much as a third or half of the goods carried by a regular Byzantine merchant sailing ship . Present-day caravans in less-developed areas of the world often still transport important goods through badly passable areas , such as seeds required for agriculture in arid regions . An example are the camel trains traversing the southern edges of the Sahara Desert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a249ba97eae693147482716b1edde014", "text": "List of people from Istanbul This is a list of notable people hailing from the city of Istanbul . Hrant Dink editor of an Armenian newspaper Halide Edip Adıvar , novelist , politician Müjde Ar , actress Oğuz Aral , cartoonist Bülent Arel , music producer Duygu Asena , women 's rights activist Cenk Aydin , businessman Hulusi Behçet , dermatologist Semiha Berksoy , opera singer Orhan Boran , radio and TV host Aydın Boysan Yaşar Büyükanıt , Chief of the Turkish General Staff Eylül Cansın , transgender sex worker Cornelius Castoriadis , Greek-French political philosopher Hakan Celik , journalist , TV anchorman , radio producer Hande Berktan , journalist , TV presenter Nuri Bilge Ceylan , filmmaker Manuel Chrysoloras , Greek academic , diplomat Tansu Çiller , former prime minister Bülent Ecevit , former prime minister Neşe Erberk , Miss Europe 1984 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , President of Turkey Sertab Erener , singer Ahmet Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos Nesuhi Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos Yonca Evcimik , pop singer Leyla Gencer , opera singer Fatma Girik , actress Gregory V , Greek Patriarch of Constantinople Ara Güler , photographer Tunç Hamarat , correspondence chess world champion 2004 Tunch Ilkin , former American football player , TV anchor Ertuğrul Işınbark , stage magician Nihat Kahveci , football player Elia Kazan , director , producer , screenwriter , novelist Hülya Koçyiğit , actress Fahri Korutürk , former president of Turkey Lefter Küçükandonyadis , football player Mike Lazaridis , founder of Research in Motion Nasuh Mahruki , first Turkish person to summit Mt. Everest Barış Manço , musician Andrew Mango , British author Arif Mardin , music producer Kleanthis Maropoulos , Greek footballer Alexander Mavrocordatos , Greek dragoman to Sultan Mehmed IV Kostas Negrepontis , Greek footballer Aziz Nesin , novelist Marika Nezer , Greek singer Irfan Orga , Turkish Air Force fighter pilot , diplomat , writer Orhan Pamuk , novelist Pekinel sisters , twin pianists Ajda Pekkan , singer Athinodoros Prousalis , Greek actor Nicola Rossi-Lemeni , opera singer Alexandros Soutsos , Greek poet and partisan Haldun Taner , playwright Hidayet Türkoğlu , basketball player Orhan Veli , poet Stavros Xenidis , Greek actor Hamza Yerlikaya , wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Cem Yilmaz , stand-up comedian , actor Alexander Ypsilantis ( senior ) , Greek diplomat Alexander Ypsilantis ( junior ) , Greek military commander Constantine Ypsilantis , Greek revolutionary", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8810d07c7eb757f08eac388743854749", "text": "Etiler Etiler is a neighbourhood on the European side of Istanbul , Turkey , in the district of Beşiktaş , close to the business quarters of Levent and Maslak . Etiler is famous for its upmarket cafés , pubs , night clubs , restaurants , gyms , coiffeurs , fashion shops and shopping malls , such as Akmerkez . It is a favourite area among Istanbul 's elite . The quarter also has many villas and private residences . The name Etiler is an older name in Turkish for the Hittites , as it was fashionable in the early years of the Turkish Republic to give the names of ancient Anatolian civilizations to the new districts of Istanbul . A similar example is the neighbouring quarter of Akatlar , which means Akkads , another ancient civilization from the history of Anatolia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aa4dbd7e0326b01790b24b306a36b4b", "text": "Cities along the Silk Road", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a123e181dd345066f7f7cac2cf05e80", "text": "Marmaray Marmaray ( -LSB- ˈmaɾmaˌɾaj -RSB- ) is a partially operational rail transportation project in the Turkish city of Istanbul . It comprises a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait , and the modernization of existing suburban railway lines along the Sea of Marmara from Halkalı on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side . The procurement of new rolling stock for suburban passenger traffic is also part of the project . Construction started in 2004 , with an initial target opening date of April 2009 . After multiple delays caused by the discovery of historical and archaeological finds , the first phase of the project opened on October 29 , 2013 . It is the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia . The second phase of the project was scheduled to open in 2015 , but the work has been stopped and it is unknown when it will be finished . Marmaray is the fourth underground system in Istanbul after Tünel Funicular , Metro and Kabataş -- Taksim Funicular and highly integrated with Metro lines . The name Marmaray comes from combining the name of the Sea of Marmara , which lies just south of the project site , with ray , the Turkish word for rail . The Turkish press has compared it to the Silk Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd05317718fc9f6c117970917b3108a5", "text": "Ankara Province Ankara Province ( -LSB- ) is the capital province of Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9948f557dd3d16152c4511e083bdb48a", "text": "India–Turkey relations India -- Turkey relations refer to foreign relations between India and Turkey . Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Turkey in 1948 , political and bilateral relations have been usually characterised by warmth and cordiality . India and Turkey are both secular democracies , based on ethnic , religious and linguistic plurality . India has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate -- general in Istanbul . Turkey has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate-general in Mumbai . As of 2015 , the bilateral trade between India & Turkey stood at US$ 6.26 billion & is heavily tilted in India 's favour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743f993acd2035466383a5ebef5221d3", "text": "Culture of Istanbul The culture of Istanbul has its basis in the city that has been the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires . However , when the Turkish Republic turned its focus away from Istanbul and toward Ankara , the city 's cultural scene throughout the mid-20th century lay relatively stagnant , seeing limited success on the international , and even national , level . The government of the new republic established programs that served to engender Turks toward musical traditions , especially those originating in Europe , but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital . Although much of Turkey 's culture had its roots in Istanbul , it was not until the 1980s and 1990s that Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c572937fcd0f46ccad4a0b0eee584f48", "text": "Silk Road sites in India Silk Road sites in India are sites that were important for trade on the ancient Silk Road . There are 12 such places in India . These are spread across seven states in India ( Bihar , Jammu and Kashmir , Maharashtra , Puducherry , Punjab , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh . These sites are on tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fbac5f2bc1ab72f5385da603d424fcb", "text": "Sogdia Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization that at different times included territory located in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan such as : Samarkand , Bukhara , Khujand , Panjikent and Shahrisabz . Sogdiana was also a province of the Achaemenid Empire , eighteenth in the list on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great ( i. 16 ) . In the Avesta , Sogdiana is listed as the second best land that the supreme deity Ahura Mazda had created . It comes second , after Airyanem Vaejah , `` homeland of the Aryans '' , in the Zoroastrian book of Vendidad , indicating the importance of this region from ancient times . Sogdiana was conquered by the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great in 328 BC and later formed part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and Sasanian Empire . The Sogdian states , although never politically united , were centred on the main city of Samarkand . Sogdiana lay north of Bactria , east of Khwarezm , and southeast of Kangju between the Oxus ( Amu Darya ) and the Jaxartes ( Syr Darya ) , embracing the fertile valley of the Zeravshan ( ancient Polytimetus ) . Sogdian territory corresponds to the modern provinces of Samarkand and Bokhara in modern Uzbekistan as well as the Sughd province of modern Tajikistan . During the High Middle Ages , Sogdian cities included sites stretching towards Issyk Kul such as that at the archeological site of Suyab . Sogdian , an Eastern Iranian language , is no longer a spoken language , but its direct descendant , Yaghnobi , is still spoken by the Yaghnobis of Tajikistan . It was widely spoken in Central Asia as a lingua franca and even served as one of the Turkic Khaganate 's court languages for writing documents . Sogdians also lived in Imperial China and rose to special prominence in the military and government of the Chinese Tang dynasty ( 618 -- 907 AD ) . Sogdian merchants and diplomats traveled as far west as the Byzantine Empire . They played an important part as middlemen in the trade route of the Silk Road . While originally following the faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism from Persia , Buddhism from India , and Nestorian Christianity from West Asia , the gradual conversion to Islam among the Sogdians and their descendants began with the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana in the 8th century . The Sogdian conversion to Islam was virtually complete by the end of the Samanid Empire in 999 , coinciding with the decline of the Sogdian language , as it was largely supplanted by Persian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff86b18d423d6c26be4175d34825d88", "text": "Tashkent Tashkent ( -LSB- ˌtæʃˈkɛnt -RSB- Toshkent , Тошкент , تاشكېنت , -LSB- tɒʃˈkent -RSB- Ташкент , -LSB- tɐʂˈkʲɛnt -RSB- literally `` Stone City '' ) is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan . The officially registered population of the city in 2012 was about 2,309,300 . Due to its position in Central Asia , Tashkent came under Sogdian and Turkic influence early in its history , before Islam in the 8th century AD . After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219 , the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road . In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire , and in Soviet times witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union . Today , as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan , Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6836e3bf88b86787d3ab3a132327ca09", "text": "When Jews Were Funny When Jews Were Funny is a 2013 documentary film by Canadian director Alan Zweig , which explores the role of Jewish comedians in the history of North American comedy and humour from the Borscht Belt to the present day . The film features interviews with and/or performance clips of a wide variety of Jewish comedy performers and writers of the 20th and 21st centuries , including Howie Mandel , Gilbert Gottfried , Rodney Dangerfield , Eugene Mirman , Marc Maron , Bob Einstein , Andy Kindler , Shelley Berman , Alan King , Judy Gold , Elon Gold , David Steinberg , Jackie Mason , Jack Carter , Norm Crosby , Henny Youngman , David Brenner , Shecky Greene , Mark Breslin , Cory Kahaney , Harrison Greenbaum , Simon Rakoff , Lisa Lambert , Larry Josephson and Michael Wex . The film premiered on September 10 , 2013 at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . It subsequently won the festival award for the year 's best Canadian feature film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf25e9900271154d29e7473edc3175a6", "text": "Broad Humor Film Festival The Broad Humor Film Festival is a film festival that takes place every year in Los Angeles , California . It focuses exclusively on comedic films written and directed by women . Begun in 2005 , it is held yearly in the summer months and brings together female writers and directors for a weekend of screenings , readings and events with the aim of fostering greater opportunity for women as the creators of film content . The festival has film and screenplay competitions for both feature-length and short films . Projects can be narrative or documentary . In addition , the festival offers continuing support to festival filmmakers and writers through its Legacy Program , a series of initiatives encouraging alumnae to create and screen new work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4112ab5abbd530177c643586b2be36f9", "text": "Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' . The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0625dbd1e988ef00d17e7790416ca485", "text": "Drop the Dead Donkey Drop the Dead Donkey is a situation comedy that first aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 1998 . It is set in the offices of `` GlobeLink News '' , a fictional TV news company . Recorded close to transmission , it made use of contemporary news events to give the programme a greater sense of realism . It was created by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin . The series had an ensemble cast , making stars of Haydn Gwynne , Stephen Tompkinson and Neil Pearson . The series began with the acquisition of GlobeLink by media mogul Sir Roysten Merchant , an allusion to either Robert Maxwell or Rupert Murdoch . Indeed , Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin note on their DVDs that it was fortunate for their libel lawyers that the two men shared the same initials . The series is mostly based on the ongoing battle between the staff of GlobeLink , led by editor George Dent , as they try to maintain the company as a serious news organisation , and Sir Roysten 's right-hand man Gus Hedges , trying to make the show more sensationalist and suppress stories that might harm Sir Roysten 's business empire . According to Swedish comedian Kryddan Petersson , he and the group behind Helt Apropå had come up with an idea for a show like this , which they presented to British colleagues sometime around 1989-90 . Most of them were not impressed , but two of them took the idea seriously and wrote this show . Later on , the Swedish group bought the material rights to the show back to Sweden , and created the show Döda danskar räknas inte ( `` Dead Danes do n't count '' ) , which aired on SVT in 1994 . The show was awarded the Best Comedy ( Programme or Series ) Award at the 1994 BAFTA Awards . At the British Comedy Awards the show won Best New TV Comedy in 1990 , Best Channel 4 Comedy in 1991 , and Best Channel 4 Sitcom in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e354ea5742b0b505908f29013161619", "text": "Shout! Factory Shout ! Factory is an American home video and music company founded in 2003 . Its video releases include previously released feature films , classic and contemporary TV series , animation , live music , and comedy specials . Shout ! Factory also owns and operates Timeless Media Group , Biograph Records , Majordomo Records , HighTone Records , and Video Time Machine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d869eb56c68b69e6ebea0ba8ae49ffe", "text": "Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo . Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) . As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . '' Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release . If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) . As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f30717648416442e26c748918003fcf", "text": "You Made It Weird with Pete Holmes You Made It Weird is a semi-weekly comedy interview podcast hosted by comedian Pete Holmes on the Nerdist network since October 25 , 2011 . The show originated under the premise that Holmes would ask his guest , usually a fellow comedian , about three `` weird '' things he knew about them , but the show has since evolved into a much more loose conversation about such complex topics as comedy , religion , and sexuality . While initially focusing on interviews with comedians , an increasing number of guests from other fields have appeared on the show , including musicians , pastors , scientists , and authors . Many guests comment on Holmes ' unique laugh , which tends to be very loud and borderline obnoxious . Katie Levine is the producer of the podcast . The show is usually recorded in-studio at the Nerdist studio at Meltdown Comics in Los Angeles , California . Since March 21 , 2012 , Holmes has recorded multiple live episodes of the podcast , in Austin at South by Southwest , New York , Bloomington , Chicago , Montreal , Quebec , San Francisco , Los Angeles at the LA Riot Festival , and Toronto at Just For Laughs . These have featured several guests rather than the usual one , and focus more on comedy rather than the in-depth discussion of a regular episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a5571d1986df5a9215e942423d6663", "text": "Dance or Die (Family Force 5 album) Dance or Die is the second studio album from the band Family Force 5 . It was produced by Joe Baldridge ( Beck , tobyMac ) and lead vocalist Solomon `` Soul Glow Activatur '' Olds . The album was released on August 19 , 2008 both in stores and via digital distribution . This is the band 's second full-length album release . However , it is the band 's first release on the Tooth & Nail Records label . The band was previously with Gotee Records . The record was leaked in its entirety on the internet on August 15 , 2008 . As of December 2009 the album has sold over 100,000 units . Dance or Die won Best Album at the 2008 Rock on Request Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aff869b9e56cb74d7848776ac41986d", "text": "Inherently funny word Certain nonsense words may be inherently funny , according to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Memory and Language . The study 's lead author , Chris Westbury from the University of Alberta , suggests that the inherent humor of certain non-words can be explained by the property of entropy . Entropy , in this case , expresses how usual the letters in the word appear to be : the less commonly they are used , the lower the total entropy and the more funny they are likely to be found . According to Westbury , `` Some non-words are funny , and they 're weird when they are -LSB- ... -RSB- But there 's actually a consistent relationship between how funny they are and how weird they are '' . The idea that humor can be predicted by a word 's entropy corresponds to the incongruity theory of 19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer , who posited that humor is a product of one 's expectations being violated . According to Westbury , `` One reason puns are funny is that they violate our expectation that a word has one meaning '' . The vaudeville lore that words with the letter k are funny is recorded by the playwright Neil Simon in his work The Sunshine Boys . In the play , which is about a pair of aging vaudeville comedians , the character Willie lectures his nephew about funny words :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f70a3c79971d2b4edd415a58c6c22e7", "text": "Drunk History Drunk History is an American television comedy series produced by Comedy Central , based on the Funny or Die web series created by Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner in 2007 . In each episode , an inebriated narrator , who is played by a comedian joined by host Waters , struggles to recount an event from history , while actors enact the narrator 's anecdotes and also lip sync the dialogue . The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9 , 2013 , and its second season premiered on July 1 , 2014 . Will Ferrell and Adam McKay are among the show 's executive producers . In addition to creator Derek Waters and celebrity guest stars , the show 's additional characters are played by regulars Bennie Arthur , Tim Baltz , Mort Burke , Sarah Burns , Maria Blasucci , Craig Cackowski , Michael Cassady , Michael Coleman , Tymberlee Hill , Adam Nee , and Jeremy J. Tutson . On January 13 , 2017 Comedy Central renewed the show for a fifth season , which is set to premiere later in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca4bf6e59e27566d80c2690a58d3f6c", "text": "30-Second Bunnies Theatre 30-Second Bunnies Theatre is a Flash cartoon series featuring films re-enacted by anthropomorphic animated bunnies in 30 seconds . The series is produced by Angry Alien Productions , the one-woman company of creator Jennifer Shiman . The series debuted in 2004 , when Shiman sought to create a humorous web series . She unveiled a version of The Exorcist , re-enacted by animated bunnies in 30 seconds . It received an overwhelmingly positive response online from a global audience , prompting Shiman to create more re-enactments . In 2005 , the `` bunny troupe '' was commissioned by Starz ! to make new shorts . Each Starz-commissioned re-enactment premiered on Starz on Demand before moving online . The series take on Star Wars was featured on CNN on April 16 , 2006 . Angry Alien Productions released a selection of the shorts on DVD on October 20 , 2009 . Previously , the Titanic short was included on that film 's 4-Disc Special Collector 's Edition DVD , released in 2005 . In 2007 , Crackle became a distributing partner . In 2008 , the site won two Webby Awards for Online Film and Video/Animation , as well as the People 's Voice award in that category . On June 13 , 2010 , Shiman announced on the 30-Second Bunnies Theatre Website that , after six years and 68 shorts , she was placing the series on hiatus to move on to other pursuits . The final short at the time was a re-enactment of the film Evil Dead II . As of October 2011 , Shiman completed three more re-enactments : Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds , Freaks ( 1932 ) and Michael Dougherty 's Trick ' r Treat . Shiman teamed up with FEARnet in 2012 to make more horror movie shorts . The first season of shorts is complete , and the second season is in production as of September 16 , 2013 . In mid-March 2014 , Angry Alien Productions ventured into new bunny territory by re-enacting the life of Kevin Spacey ( with bunny voices by Kevin Spacey himself ) to celebrate the launch of his new website . In Spring 2015 the staff of Angry Alien Productions informed that they would indefinitely stop making re-enactments after Blade Runner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66777e61056bc24949ef8a3a00384340", "text": "Friday Nite Improvs Friday Nite Improvs , or Friday Night Improvs ( FNI ) , is a long-running weekly improvisational comedy show staged on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The show functions as an improv jam , performed by improv actors who do n't normally work together . FNI is unique in that , in addition to the audience 's providing improv suggestions , the performers are all pulled from volunteers in the audience . Friday Nite Improvs is the longest-running theatrical/comedic production in the city of Pittsburgh . The show regularly features actors from every improv group in Pittsburgh , and alumni have gone on to act , write , and produce for television and film . Readers of the Pittsburgh City Paper ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the 3rd best place to see comedy in Pittsburgh in the 2004 `` Best of Pittsburgh '' survey behind the professional stand-up clubs The Improv and The Funnybone . College Prowler ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the ninth best thing about Pitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3addfe547a43f221cb838a1dbba5435", "text": "Just for Laughs: Gags Just for Laughs : Gags ( in French , Juste pour rire : Gags ) is a Canadian silent comedy/hidden camera reality television show that is under the Just for Laughs brand . It is based on the similar American series Candid Camera . The series is also on YouTube . In December 26 , 2000 , JFL : Gags began airing on French Canadian network Canal D . In the following years , the show was picked up by TVA , CBC and The Comedy Network in Canada , BBC1 in the UK , TF1 in France and ABC and Telemundo in the United States ; the Canadian version ( unlike the ones produced for ABC ) aired in the United States in first-run syndication starting in the fall of 2015 and ended in February 2016 . The series uses a hidden camera format , playing pranks on unsuspecting subjects while hidden cameras capture the subjects ' responses ; each episode presents multiple gags . While some segments have included brief dialogue , most do not contain any sound or dialogue ; the audio is replaced with sound effects , a laugh track , and public domain music . Most segments are filmed in Quebec City , Montreal and Vancouver , while some have been filmed in Mexico . British and Asian versions have been produced in the UK and Singapore , respectively . In 2011 the show spawned a spinoff , Just Kidding , which consists exclusively of kids playing pranks on adults . With its silent format and no translation required , Just for Laughs : Gags has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and by airlines . Reactions to the gags range from `` inane '' to cross-culturally funny . The same distributors also distribute Surprise Sur Prise , a similar show . In March 2011 , Just for Laughs Gags entered into a partnership with Montreal-based , entertainment site , Videobash.com and now have their own devoted channel there . ( No video has been posted as of this writing . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886243ed319a1c5a8263d12a75360808", "text": "K/O Paper Products K/O Paper Products is an American television and motion picture production company founded by Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci c. 2009 , in which year Bobby Cohen became chief executive officer of its films division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd76783922979bece284ea69bcec947f", "text": "Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques . Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc6282fe7380e74bc6c0e3b2de3153c5", "text": "Fun Little Movies Fun Little Movies ( FLM ) is a production and distribution company of short films intended for the internet and mobile devices . It was founded in 1988 by Frank Chindamo , currently an Adjunct Professor at the University of Southern California . Based in Burbank , California , Fun Little Movies was the first U.S. company to produce comedic films for mobile phones worldwide . By the time the company was in development of Psyche 101 in 2004 , they had already begun producing shorts promoting internet dating services . In 2007 , ROK Entertainment bought controlling interest in FLM , although in 2008 ROK defaulted on their agreement .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8218689443ce5fe20795428b93f340cc", "text": "David Carradine David Carradine ( born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 ) was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films . He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu ( 1972 -- 1975 ) , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory ( 1976 ) and the miniseries North and South ( 1985 ) . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 ( 2004 ) . Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts . He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b17552feb51e21ea8a06d8c1de55a2e0", "text": "Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts . Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League . Category : Debating", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9ffbf508225055c2a7271d3cfc8784", "text": "David Carr (journalist) David Michael Carr ( September 8 , 1956 February 12 , 2015 ) was an American writer , columnist , and author . He wrote the Media Equation column and covered culture for The New York Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "252bc7fdff1dbd2e18b80d216561246d", "text": "Captain Carvallo Captain Carvallo is a traditional comedy play in three acts by Denis Cannan , telling the story of a philandering young army officer , Captain Carvallo . The comedy was an immediate success when it opened at the St. James Theatre on 9 August 1950 , as the second production under Sir Laurence Olivier 's management . The play was first tried out in March 1950 at the Bristol Old Vic , where Cannan was acting at the time . A few months later , Laurence Olivier boldly restaged the play -- billed as a `` traditional comedy '' -- at the St James 's theatre in London , with James Donald in the lead role , opposite Diana Wynyard . It was a great success , although Cannan preferred the Bristol production . `` His play shimmers with ideas wittily juxtaposed , and it is funnier than the Crazy Gang '' , wrote the critic Harold Hobson . A television production of the play was broadcast on the BBC the following year , with Patrick Macnee in the lead . Cannan adapted the play himself for a Rediffusion production later that decade . In 1988 the play was revived at the Greenwich Theatre . A version aired on Australian television in 1958 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e43f19beb0b4de43d09888fd997056a", "text": "The Performers (play) The Performers is a comedy play written by David West Read and directed by Evan Cabnet . It premiered on Broadway on November 14 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c731533d9e3552e0af6af4fb2bed64", "text": "Thunder and Lightning (film) Thunder and Lightning is a 1977 action comedy film starring David Carradine and Kate Jackson and directed by Corey Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38fe56ead10562ed17c2bdb483f076e", "text": "Detroit International Jazz Festival The Detroit Jazz Festival is a free jazz music festival held each year over Labor Day Weekend at Hart Plaza and Campus Martius Park in Detroit , Michigan , U.S. . The head of the festival is Chris Collins , who also serves as President and Artistic Director of the Detroit Jazz Festival . Until 2000 , it was known as the Montreux-Detroit Jazz Festival . The festival again changed names in 2005 , becoming the Detroit International Jazz Festival after Ford Motor Company removed its sponsorship . In January 2006 , Gretchen Valade , Chairman of Mack Avenue Records founded the Detroit International Jazz Festival Foundation , which took over production and management of the festival . Since 2012 the festival name was changed to The Detroit Jazz Festival . The Detroit Jazz Foundation has other events year round , and is involved in musical education . They have programs called Jazz Infusion and Jazz Week . Jazz Week started in 2007 when the Wayne State University Department of Music embarked on a long-term partnership with the Detroit Jazz Festival , serving as their Educational Advisor . Jazz Week at Wayne , one result of this collaboration , is a one-week workshop that provides forty high school students with an intensive and rewarding jazz education . All participants , selected from surrounding high schools , are awarded full scholarships to attend the program . Every year the Detroit Jazz Festival hosts an Artist in Residence . The 2016 artist is Ron Carter . Notable past performers have included Dave Brubeck , Mulgrew Miller , The Manhattan Transfer , Paquito d'Rivera , Dave Holland , Regina Carter , Take 6 , and Tower of Power , Wynton Marsalis , Chick Corea , Wayne Shorter , Sonny Rollins , Gary Burton , Pat Metheny and Joe Lovano . 2016 performers include Ron Carter , George Benson , John Scofield , Brad Mehldau , Mark Guiliana , Jason Moran , Omar Sosa , Luciana Souza , and Alfredo Rodriguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f37a731414eb07af6497d741923635f8", "text": "Deathsport Deathsport is a 1978 science fiction B-movie produced by Roger Corman , directed by Allan Arkush and Nicholas Niciphor . The film stars David Carradine and Playboy Playmate Claudia Jennings . It would also be one of Jennings ' final movies before her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91795d5ade61606e29970492235c8d4a", "text": "David McCallum David Keith McCallum , Jr. ( born 19 September 1933 ) is a Scottish-born American actor and musician . He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing Russian spy Illya Kuryakin in the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and as interdimensional operative Steel in Sapphire & Steel . In recent years , McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald `` Ducky '' Mallard in the American television series NCIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbc6a6019538d1327d4a0bff3673357", "text": "Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script . Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product . Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d104aa07fd961f0ab259be45e1157fe4", "text": "Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young . Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums . Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b206e62cb9190027f5135056804454", "text": "Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports . A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "199784372c4b3f3e540c4a8787b07ea0", "text": "Concert film A concert film or concert movie , is a type of documentary film , the subject of which is an extended live performance or concert by either a musician or a stand-up comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74347e412126d24b6a9b274b52b3dbd", "text": "Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance . Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' . The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York . This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s . Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of a display of skill ; a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ; an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . '' A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against . As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed . Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8c05fef167a1e0cc96f35e16b1e7d5", "text": "Selected Shorts Selected Shorts is an event at New York 's Symphony Space on the Upper West Side , in which screen and stage actors read classic and new short fiction before a live audience . The stage show began in 1985 and continues today at Symphony Space 's Peter Jay Sharp Theater . The annual season of the live events at Symphony Space begins in the mid-fall and ends in mid-spring . There is a theme to each Selected Shorts episode and performance . Several stories are presented around each theme . The stories are always fiction , sometimes classic , sometimes new , always performed by actors from stage , screen and television who bring these short stories to life . Evenings are often co-hosted by writers , literary producers , and other interesting characters . Symphony Space 's Artistic Director Isaiah Sheffer formerly hosted the live events , although many Selected Shorts also feature guest hosts , often well-known writers , who also choose which stories will be read . Mr. Sheffer died on November 9 , 2012 at age 76 . Actor BD Wong acts as the host of the live events since the fall of 2012 . The readings are recorded live and become the basis of a one-hour radio program , hosted by actors , authors , and entertainers such as David Sedaris , Stephen Colbert , Cynthia Nixon , Wyatt Cenac , and Jane Kaczmarek , with literary commentator Hannah Tinti of One Story Magazine , and are produced in conjunction with WNYC . The programs are distributed by Public Radio International and air on PRI-affiliated public radio stations in the United States . The radio program airs weekly throughout the year . Originally , the program was distributed by National Public Radio . However , in October 2007 , it moved its distribution to PRI , Public Radio International . The program 's theme is David Peterson 's `` That 's the Deal , '' performed by the Deardorf/Peterson group . Until 2011 , the radio show began and ended with the piano and cello duet `` Come to the Meadow '' by Roger Kellaway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f31e5c2f938f52043d949c15d2635373", "text": "David Drake (actor) David Drake ( born June 27 , 1963 ) is an American playwright , stage director , actor and author . He is best known as the author and original performer of The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me , for which he received a Village Voice Obie Award , a 1994 Drama-Logue Award for `` Outstanding Solo Performance , '' and a Robbie Stevens Frontiers Magazine Award for the same . Nominations include a 1994 LA Weekly Theater Award and a Lambda Literary Award nomination for `` Best New Play of 1994 '' ( published by Anchor Books ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ff35326732228f756761b6bb10c1efd0", "text": "Adele Adele Laurie Blue Adkins ( -LSB- əˈdɛl -RSB- born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006 , Adele was given a recording contract by XL Recordings after a friend posted her demo on Myspace the same year . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards `` Critics ' Choice '' award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified seven times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , `` Hometown Glory '' , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . She released her second studio album , 21 , in early 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning the singer numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year , and three American Music Awards . The album has been certified 16 times platinum in the UK , and is the fourth best-selling album in the UK of all time . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond . The album has sold over 31 million copies worldwide . The success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness Book of World Records . She is the first woman in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 to have three simultaneous top 10 singles as a lead artist , and the first female artist to simultaneously have two albums in the top five of the Billboard 200 and two singles in the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 . 21 is the longest-running number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK and US Album Charts . In 2012 , Adele released `` Skyfall '' , which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name . The song won an Academy Award , a Grammy Award , and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song , as well as the Brit Award for British Single of the Year . After taking a three-year break , Adele released her third studio album , 25 , in 2015 . It became the year 's best-selling album and broke first week sales records in the UK and US . 25 was her second album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards , including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year , and four Brit Awards . The lead single , `` Hello '' , became the first song in the US to sell over one million digital copies within a week of its release . Her third concert tour , Adele Live 2016 , visited Europe , North America and Oceania , and will conclude with four finale concerts at Wembley Stadium in mid-2017 . In 2011 , 2012 and 2016 , Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year . In 2012 , she was listed at number five on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women in Music . Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016 . With sales of more than 100 million records , Adele is one of the best-selling recording artists in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6e0b7ce2b479db136a78202feea358ad", "text": "Lights (Ellie Goulding album) Lights is the debut studio album by English singer Ellie Goulding , released on 26 February 2010 by Polydor Records . Goulding collaborated with several producers on the album , including Starsmith , Fraser T Smith , Frankmusik , Richard `` Biff '' Stannard , Ash Howes , Liam Howe , Fred Falke and Mumford & Sons ' Ben Lovett . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Goulding 's electronic edge , while less favourable reviews felt the sound was generic . Lights debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 36,854 copies . In North America , the album charted at number 21 in the United States and number 66 in Canada . It spawned four singles : `` Under the Sheets '' , `` Starry Eyed '' , `` Guns and Horses '' and `` The Writer '' . The album was re-released on 29 November 2010 under the title Bright Lights , including six new tracks . It produced two additional singles -- a cover of Elton John 's `` Your Song '' , which peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and became Goulding 's second highest-charting single in the UK , and `` Lights '' , which reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Goulding 's most successful single in the US . Following the reissue , the album saw a surge in sales in both the UK and Ireland . On 8 March 2011 , the album was released in the United States with two songs removed and featuring three songs that were previously not available on the original version , but were included on the Bright Lights reissue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a7c5eb81a1d0ca50a2e3c0b82b13c4", "text": "Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music . Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart . Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time . She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album . Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e1fd0cac2b0cf389045741b118cb55", "text": "Adele Live 2016 Adele Live 2016 ( titled as Adele Live 2017 for the shows in 2017 ) is the third concert tour by British singer Adele in support of her third studio album , 25 . It began on 29 February 2016 , in Belfast , Northern Ireland at the SSE Arena , continued throughout Western Europe , North America and Oceania and will conclude on 2 July 2017 , in London , England , at Wembley Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e6183083dda6dbb8552eaf7ebe65a4", "text": "24 Years of Hunger 24 Years of Hunger is a pop music album released in 1991 by & Alice , the collaboration of Eg White and Alice Temple . 24 Years of Hunger was critically acclaimed , although it failed to chart . It is the only album that the duo ever released . Allmusic describes 24 Years of Hunger as `` one of the finest , most refined and fully realized recordings of the era , employing a much more sophisticated and romantic style than anything else out of England at the time '' . Allmusic also notes the accolades that 24 Years of Hunger album received from other music critics : `` Recorded by the pair when they were mere twentysomethings , and predominantly in Eg White 's home , it is nevertheless about as grown-up and elegant as pop music gets . A decade after the recording had all but vanished from circulation , rainsound.net had taken to calling it `` one of the classic albums of the '90s , '' while Q Magazine went a step further when it placed the record on its list of best albums of the 20th century , describing it as having `` the class of Steely Dan and the intriguing detachment of the Blue Nile . '' '' Martin Rowsell , in The Rough Guide to Rock , notes that while reviewers compared the album to Prefab Sprout and Prince , and Alice cited their own musical influences as John Lennon , Traveling Wilburys , Joe Jackson , Joni Mitchell and Curtis Mayfield . Noting the huge discrepancy between the album 's critical and commercial success , Rowsell speculates that White 's songwriting may have been too personal for mainstream acceptance at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f31dca7307f71a7195be99fe62ec903d", "text": "List of most downloaded songs in the United Kingdom A music download is the transfer of music as a digital file from a provider ( such as iTunes ) to a device capable of playing it ; legal sales of music downloads have been monitored and charted in the United Kingdom since 2004 . , the UK 's most downloaded song of all time is `` Happy '' by Pharrell Williams , which topped both the UK Singles Downloads Chart and UK Singles Chart . The first single to sell 1 million downloads in the UK was `` I Got ta Feeling '' by The Black Eyed Peas and `` Someone Like You '' by Adele is the best-selling download by a female artist . The best-selling song not to top the UK Singles Chart is `` Moves Like Jagger '' by Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera , whilst the best-selling song not to top the Download Chart is `` Love the Way You Lie '' by Eminem featuring Rihanna , which peaked at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc885db95ba0e8f4308fd3776bd5f5", "text": "Midnight Memories Midnight Memories is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction , released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records , Syco Music and Sony Music . The album was described as having a `` slightly rockier tone '' than their previous efforts . It has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UK 's history , breaking the record set by One Direction 's previous release , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , making One Direction the first group in history to debut at number one in the US with their first three albums . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Best Song Ever '' and `` Story of My Life '' . Upon the album 's release , Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics praised the lyrical depth and musical composition on the album , as well as the group 's level of involvement in the production process . However , others argued that the material was less memorable than their previous work and felt the themes were not as mature as expected . Despite being released five weeks before the year 's end , Midnight Memories nevertheless became the best-selling album of 2013 as listed by the IFPI , with sales of four million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b", "text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01c6d3db8c64dae0bdfd91581b59e930", "text": "List of best-selling singles According to Guinness World Records , `` White Christmas '' ( 1942 ) by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide , with estimated sales of over 50 million copies . The song recognized as `` the best-selling single of all time '' was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and `` was listed as the world 's best-selling single in the first-ever Guinness Book of Records ( published in 1955 ) and -- remarkably -- still retains the title more than 50 years later . '' Guinness World Records states that double A-side charity single `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' ( 1997 ) by Elton John , a tribute to the late Diana , Princess of Wales , is `` the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s , having accumulated worldwide sales of 33 million copies , '' making it the second-best-selling single of all time . The list is split between physical ( mainly CD and vinyl ) singles and digitally downloaded tracks which first became available to purchase in the early 2000s . The sales of singles that are italicized are the compilation of sales in available markets instead of a worldwide sales figure . These sales figures are therefore neither complete nor definitive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5001d80535198c074cbecaa43c559d23", "text": "2011 in British music charts This is a summary of the year 2011 in British music . The average number one single sale is 104,395 . The average sales continue to rise from 2007 . The average number one album sale is 105,686 , this is an improvement from average sales for albums seen in recent years , largely due to the success of Adele 's album 21 , which sold in excess of 114,000 copies in each of its first eleven weeks at # 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72382ac0208f611684b2e020648e9c62", "text": "Nora Aunor discography This is a list of the albums and singles in the discography of Nora Aunor . Aunor started her career as a singer when she won an amateur singing contest , `` Tawag ng Tanghalan '' in 1967 thus calling her the `` girl with a golden Voice '' and '' Princess of Songs . '' In 1968 , Nora Aunor was contracted by Alpha Records upon the recommendation of singer Carmen Soriano . Although Aunor 's first singles were not major hits , she subsequently went on to smash local record sales with songs like `` It 's Time to Say Goodbye '' , `` Silently '' , `` Forever Loving You '' , `` It 's Not Unusual '' , and countless others . In her seven years with Alpha Records , Aunor was able to set all-time high record sales which up to this day has not been surpassed . At the height of her popularity as a recording artist in the late 1960s and early 1970s , local records soared up to 60 % of national sales according to Alpha Records Philippines . She is the artist with the most singles in Philippine recording history ( with more than 260 singles ) . Over-all she has recorded more than 500 songs . She has notched more than 30 gold singles , a record in the local music industry . With estimated sales of one million units , Nora 's cover of `` Pearly Shells '' ( 1971 ) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines ever . She also recorded some 46 hit long-playing albums , and several extended plays . National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin once wrote that `` The Aunor voice has never been particularly young-girlish . Even at 14 , when she pitched it low , the effect was smoky torch . Her teenage fans say that what they like about Nora 's voice is that ` it can do anything , wild or sweet . ' But it 's in the heartbreak songs that the throat really comes through -- and the sound is all woman . '' National Artist for Music , Prof. Andrea Veneracion said these words about Aunor : `` She always has a good voice and over the years , she has developed her own style . Nora in her heyday towered above all other singers not only in terms of popularity but simply because she has a beautiful voice which is what spells the difference even now that many other pop singers have cropped up . Most of our singers now sing well , yes . They have their own style but most of them are at best imitators . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47879fb3fd589cb30aab88bf53e1efc6", "text": "List of top 25 albums for 2015 in Australia The following lists the top 25 albums of 2015 in Australia from the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) end-of-year albums chart . Adele 's album 25 was named the highest selling album in Australia in 2015 . The album was released in November and spent six weeks at number one . Ed Sheeran 's album x was number 1 and Taylor Swift 's 1989 was number 2 in 2014 ; they 're both one spot lower in 2015 . Sam Smith 's In the Lonely Hour is the sixth-best-selling album for the second year in a row and Michael Bublé 's Christmas appeared in the top 10 end-of-year chart for the fifth consecutive year . There were 35 Australian artist releases in the top 100 , with Lee Kernaghan 's Spirit of the Anzacs being the best selling Australian album in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d95cec440ce98a91532ee5b72b1d6c0", "text": "Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings . Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three . Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize . In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890e246a8446f4823092acd416b53728", "text": "Anastacia discography The discography of Anastacia , an American singer-songwriter , consists of six studio albums , twenty two singles , twenty three music videos , and two DVDs . She released her debut album , Not That Kind on June 13 , 2000 . The album reached the top ten in eight countries in Europe and Asia . It went four times platinum in Europe and triple platinum in Australia ; her debut single `` I 'm Outta Love '' was a global smash hit in 1999 topping the charts in Belgium , Australia and New Zealand , peaking at number two in France , Switzerland , Italy and Ireland as well as also reaching number six both in Germany . The second single `` Not That Kind '' reached number 11 in the UK and became a Top 10 hit in Italy . It also entered the Top 20 in Switzerland and France . `` Cowboys & Kisses '' was released as the third single off the album , charting in the top forty in some European countries . As the last promotional only single , `` Made for Lovin ' You '' charted in the UK at number twenty-seven and in France at number seventy-two . Her second album Freak of Nature released in 2001 , achieved successful sales in the U.K. where it went triple platinum as well as being a hit throughout continental Europe , however unlike her debut it did not match the same level of international success . The first single released was `` Paid My Dues '' . The song became an overall hit , in 2001 , peaking in Denmark , Italy , Norway , and Switzerland , and reaching the top ten in several other mainland European countries . The second single , released in 2002 , `` One Day in Your Life '' , reached number eleven in the UK and the top ten in many European countries . The next single `` Why 'd You Lie to Me '' reached the top thirty in the UK . `` You 'll Never Be Alone '' , the fourth single , reached number twenty-eight on the Adult Contemporary chart in the U.S. Anastacia quickly became her most successful album to date , giving her a third consecutive triple platinum album in the U.K. and reaching the top of national charts of Ireland , the Netherlands , Australia , Greece , Germany and other countries . Unlike her first two albums , which were released in her homeland of America , Anastacia was not , despite being scheduled for release on three occasions . The first single , released in March , was `` Left Outside Alone '' , which saw a change in direction for Anastacia . It was one of the biggest songs in Europe of 2004 , reaching number one Austria , Italy , Spain , Switzerland and number two in Denmark , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , Norway and number three in the United Kingdom and Hungary . Overall the song remained at No. 1 on the European Billboards for 15 weeks . The song also peaked in the Australian charts where it went on to become the countries ' second biggest selling single of 2004 . Anastacia released three further internationally successful singles ; `` Sick and Tired '' ( which gave her another number one in Spain and another UK top five single ) , `` Welcome to My Truth '' ( her best-selling hit in Spain ) , and the ballad `` Heavy on My Heart '' proceeds from the sale of which went towards her Anastacia Fund ( a charitable organization providing research funding for breast cancer ) . On July 24 , Anastacia announced that her fourth studio album Heavy Rotation would be released October 27 , 2008 in Europe and Asia ( and elsewhere in 2009 ) . Her fourth studio album proved to be less successful than her previous ones ; her singles failed to reach the top 40 in her most commercially successful country ( UK ) . The album 's first single , called `` I Can Feel You '' , began playing in some radio markets on August 25 , 2008 . The second single from Heavy Rotation was `` Absolutely Positively '' , later served as a promotional single only . The third official single from the album had been confirmed as `` Defeated '' and was released as a promotional single only in Europe without a music video . It 's a Man 's World , a collection of her covers by rock male artists was released on November 9 , 2012 . Anastacia confirmed via her Twitter account that she was currently writing songs for producers , John Fields and Steve Diamond and also , recording her sixth studio album which will return to her own chosen `` sprock '' sound . The album , entitled Resurrection , is to be released in May 2014 with the lead single `` Stupid Little Things '' was released on April 4 and was met with overwhelmingly positive reaction from music critics with MTV 's Brad Stern including it in the 5 Must-Hear Pop Songs of the Week ! stating that it was ` return to form ' from the ` pop princess and proof that Anastacia 's a true survivor ' , after her second battle with breast cancer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8ed87c278bcaaeb0f48e0c27c2f51abd", "text": "India India , officially the Republic of India ( Bhārat Gaṇarājya '' ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country ( with over 1.2 billion people ) , and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE . In the following millennium , the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed . Social stratification , based on caste , emerged in the first millennium BCE , and Buddhism and Jainism arose . Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires ; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia . In the medieval era , Judaism , Zoroastrianism , Christianity , and Islam arrived , and Sikhism emerged , all adding to the region 's diverse culture . Much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate ; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire . The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire . In the mid-18th century , the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule , and in the mid-19th under British crown rule . A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century , which later , under Mahatma Gandhi , was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India 's independence in 1947 . In 2015 , the Indian economy was the world 's seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity . Following market-based economic reforms in 1991 , India became one of the fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country . However , it continues to face the challenges of poverty , corruption , malnutrition , and inadequate public healthcare . A nuclear weapons state and regional power , it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks fifth in military expenditure among nations . India is a federal republic governed under a parliamentary system and consists of 29 states and 7 union territories . It is a pluralistic , multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d76736077dc14490855f863d2ba94e", "text": "Prakash Jha Prakash Jha ( born 27 February 1952 ) is an Indian film producer , actor , director and screenwriter , mostly known for his political and socio-political films such as Damul ( 1984 ) , Mrityudand ( 1997 ) , Gangaajal ( 2003 ) , Apaharan ( 2005 ) , including multistarrer hit movies Raajneeti ( 2010 ) , Aarakshan ( 2011 ) Chakravyuh ( 2012 ) , and Satyagraha ( 2013 ) . He is also the maker of National Film Award winning documentaries like , Faces After The Storm ( 1984 ) and Sonal ( 2002 ) . Jha runs a production company , Prakash Jha Productions . Jha also owns the P&M Mall in Patna .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fadc09e9f0bb72a00914e598849670e1", "text": "John Prakash John Prakash ( born 20 November 1974 ) is a Malaysian cricketer . A right-handed batsman , he played for the Malaysia national cricket team between 1994 and 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc82aebf0be8086a879c8cf6ed13ca6d", "text": "South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia . South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 ( 1.9 million mi2 ) , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population ( or over 24 % of the world 's population ) and is home to a vast array of peoples . In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2474bac02895f16ca238d966af0ede62", "text": "Jhākri Jhākri is the Nepali word for shaman . It is sometimes reserved specifically for practitioners of Nepali shamanism , such as that practiced among the Tamang people and the Magars ; it is also used in the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal , which border Nepal . Jhākri shamanism is practiced among numerous ethnic groups of Nepal and Northeast India , including the Limbu , Rai , Sunwar , Sherpa , Kami , Tamang , Gurung , Magars , Lepcha and Khas . Belief in spirits is prevalent , hence also the fear of spirit possession . Some vernacular words for jhākri are phedangbo in the Limbu language , maangpa or nakchyong in Khambu , and boongthing in Lepcha . Jhākris perform rituals during weddings , funerals , and harvests . They diagnose and cure diseases . Their practices are influenced by Hinduism , Tibetan Buddhism , Mun , and Bön rites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9b8d676cdd3dd5b0c9eec57cb51812c", "text": "Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh Bilaspur is a city in Bilaspur District in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh , situated 133 km ( 83 miles ) north of the state capital , Naya Raipur . With a population of 693,851 , it is the second-largest city after Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Tri City Metro area . The Chhattisgarh State High Court , located at village Bodri , District Bilaspur has privileged it with the title ` Nyayadhani ' Law Capital ) of the state . The Bilaspur High Court is the largest High Court of Asia . Bilaspur is the administrative headquarters of Bilaspur District . This city is the commercial center and business hub of North East Chhattisgarh region . It is also an important city for the Indian Railways , as it is the headquarters for South East Central Railway Zone and the Bilaspur Railway Division . Bilaspur is 3rd cleanest and 4th longest railway station in India . Approximately 20 % of the total earnings of Indian railways come from South East Central Railway . Bilaspur is also the headquarters of South Eastern Coalfields Limited . Bilaspur is known for its aromatic rice variety named Doobraj rice , handloom woven colourful soft Kosa silk saris . It is well known for its rich , varied and colorful -LSB- -LSB- culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "928148c66104917acbfebadc56ccdf2d", "text": "Patna Film Festival Patna Film Festival is an international film festival . Participant countries include Iran , Canada , China , Japan , Sweden , Germany , Russia , United States and India . Patna Film Festival started in 2006 . It was jointly organised by the Union ministry of Information and Broadcasting , National Film Development Corporation ( NFDC ) , directorate of film festival , National Film Archive of India , Federation of Film Societies of India and the state government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64af16d33aeea68fb3960eb561ae35dd", "text": "Rahul Prakash Rahul Prakash is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Duddhi , in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . He represents the Chhanbeyli constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Apna Dal ( Sonelal ) party . His father is Pakauri Lal , who is a member of 15th Lok Sabha of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d8b36a5704b4a9b29d6bf95f095e202", "text": "Korfball in India India is the oldest korfball playing country in Asia . In 1979 , when the game was first introduced in India , korfball popularity has continued to rise and now the game is being played in 27 States with each state having its own association to promote and organize events . Korfball is recognized by the Union Ministry for Youth Affairs and Sports , Government of India and national championships in senior , junior and sub-junior categories and the inter-University and inter-school championships are being held regularly . The Indian korfball team participated in the Asian -- Oceania U23 Youth Korfball Championship in Adelaide ( Australia ) held between 9 -- 16 July . The team reached the final where it lost against the reigning Asian -- Oceania Korfball Champion , Chinese Taipei on 16 July 2011 . India won five out of seven matches it played . The matches it won were against Australia , New Zealand , Malaysia , Hong Kong and China . The only matches it lost were both against Chinese Taipei , including the final . India came third place 2 times ( 2002 & 2006 ) in the Asia-Oceania Korfball Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8558bbe8d7fdf4dfd58feabeb0d2c1a", "text": "Pune Via Bihar Pune Via Bihar ( Devanagari : पुणे via बिहार ) set to release on 31 January 2014 , is an Indian Marathi language film . The film is directed by Sachin Goswami and produced by Atul Maru and Ketan Maru . It is critically and commercially a failure and a major disaster but performance of Bharat Jadhav was praised while other actors performance were disaster", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8317442c41da91449782910ae631821a", "text": "Raj Kamal Jha Raj Kamal Jha ( राज कमल झा born 1966 ) is Chief Editor of the daily newspaper The Indian Express and an internationally acclaimed novelist . He lives in Gurgaon . He is the cousin of Sanjay Jha , national spokesperson for the Indian National Congress . Jha was born in Bhagalpur , Bihar , and was raised in Calcutta , West Bengal , where he went to school at St. Joseph 's College . He then attended the Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , where he got his Bachelor of Technology with Honors in Mechanical Engineering . He was the editor of the campus magazine Alankar in his third ( junior ) and fourth ( senior ) years at IIT , where his first writing and editing skills got honed . After graduating from IIT in June 1988 , he received a tuition waiver and full scholarship from Graduate School of Journalism at the University of Southern California to pursue a Master 's program in Print Journalism ; he received his M.A. in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644b43dc6afbb8da64a7f8622b69bae1", "text": "Prakash Sharan Mahat Prakash Sharan Mahat was appointed Foreign Minister of Nepal in August 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b57a1c920bd794597039bc1847fe109", "text": "North India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India . The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas , which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia . The term North India has varying definitions - the Ministry of Home Affairs in its Northern Zonal Council Administrative division included the states of Chandigarh , Delhi , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Punjab and Rajasthan . while the Ministry of Culture in its North Culture Zone includes the state of Uttarakhand but excludes Delhi whereas the Geological Survey of India includes Uttar Pradesh and Delhi but excludes Rajasthan and Chandigarh . Other states sometimes included are Bihar , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal . North India has been the historical centre of the Mughal , Delhi Sultanate and British Indian Empires . It has a diverse culture , and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Char Dham , Haridwar , Varanasi , Ayodhya , Mathura , Allahabad , Vaishno Devi and Pushkar , the Buddhist pilgrimage centres of Bodhgaya , Sarnath and Kushinagar , the Sikh Golden Temple as well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve , Khajuraho temples , Hill Forts of Rajasthan , Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ) , Bhimbetka Caves , Sanchi monuments , Qutb Minar , Red Fort , Agra Fort , Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal . The languages that have official status in one or more of the states and union territories located in North India are Hindi , Urdu , Punjabi , Kashmiri/Koshur , Dogri and English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c15a5a79616e2f46f2cb2884ad36e574", "text": "Om Prakash Om Prakash ( 19 December 1919 -- 21 February 1998 ) was an Indian character actor . He was born in Lahore , now Pakistan , as Om Prakash Chibber . He used to play the role of Kamla in the stage play by the famous Dewan Mandir Natak Samaj Koliwada . Starting his career in 1942 , he was a popular supporting actor from the 1950s until the 1980s . Om Prakash played the leading man in films like Dus Lakh , Annadata and Charandas '' ` Sadhu aur Shaitan ' . His pivotal roles in the films Dil Daulat Duniya , Chupke Chupke , Julie , Joroo Ka Ghulam , Aa Gale Lag Jaa , Pyar Kiye Jaa , Padosan and Buddha Mil Gaya are considered to be among his best along with Daddu in Namak Halaal and De Silva in Zanjeer . His roles in ` Sharabi ' , ` Bharosa ' , ` Tere Ghar Ke Samne ' , ` Mere Humdum Mere Dost ' , ` Loafar ' , ` Dil Tera Diwana ' were also appreciated . He is known for his roles in comedy films . One of his best performances in his later years were Naukar Biwi Ka , Sharaabi ( 1984 ) and Chameli Ki Shaadi '' , where he played a role that was pivotal for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bb1c0555cb666592d06f6fcf37bea70", "text": "Hip Hip Hurray (film) Hip Hip Hurray was a 1984 Indian Hindi film directed by Prakash Jha with screenplay by Gulzar , it had Raj Kiran , Deepti Naval as leads and debut film of Nikhil Bhagat . The film was the directorial debut of Prakash Jha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99dce71df897eb8468bbc42ca7b33fb8", "text": "Prakash Shetty Prakash Shetty is an Indian cartoonist and caricaturist known for his Spot caricaturing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "931214143f8570db32c90ca40312b4b6", "text": "Global Asia Global Asia is a quarterly magazine published by the East Asia Foundation . Similar in concept to Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs , Global Asia deals with global issues , but with a special focus on Asia . The editor-in-chief is Chung-in Moon of Yonsei University . Previous issues have covered topics such as : North Korea 's nuclear problem , 2012 Nuclear Security Summit , China 's rise , India 's development , global financial crisis , and green growth . Some of Global Asia 's notable contributors include : Vinod Aggarwal Charles K. Armstrong Ban Ki-moon , Walden Bello Walter Clemens , Jr. . Gerald Curtis Barry Eichengreen G. John Ikenberry Boris Johnson Kim Dae-jung Lee Myung-bak Barry Naughton Gary Samore David Shambaugh Heizō Takenaka Shashi Tharoor Yun Byung-se", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da39f9f24e92446f1ee8eba1cfb7edb9", "text": "Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called `` second urbanisation '' around 500 BCE . They have shared parallel beliefs that have existed side by side , but also pronounced differences . Buddhism attained prominence in the Indian subcontinent as it was supported by royal courts , but started to decline after the Gupta era , and virtually disappeared from India in the 11th century CE , except in some pockets of India . It has continued to exist outside of India and is the major religion in several Asian countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67e20e1ff26fc498bbbcb417cb630f86", "text": "Bahniman Bahniman is a 2016 Assamese language drama film directed by Biswajeet Bora . Filmmaker Biswajeet Bora had long wanted to make a movie that transcends the rigidity of commercial cinema with something unusual and unique from the point of view of story and treatment . His highly engaging Aisa Yeh Jahaan created cinematic history when it became the country 's first carbon-neutral film . Its subject has a humanity that connected deeply to the audiences across the country , which makes film enthusiasts and fans , especially in Assam , all the more curious to see what Biswajeet has up his sleeve in his new project.But belying expectations , the Mumbai-based filmmaker , out to prove a point or two , returns with a lot of fire power in his belly to direct a full-fledged entertainer titled ` Bahniman ' . He has been quite keen to explore some new ideas in a commercial venture for some time now . This big-budget Assamese movie , produced by Barnali Hazarika under the banner of Santoshi Maa Production , is presently drawing a lot of media attention , and not without reason . Its shooting progressing at a hurried pace in various locations , Biswajeet Bora 's film is going to be a refreshing spin on the action genre , quite unlike anything seen here . He has got the technical expertise and acumen , having spent years in Mumbai , India 's entertainment hub , where he was fortunate enough to observe a lot of well-known filmmakers at work , including the renowned Jahnu Barua , whom he also assisted for close to six years . He has left nothing to chance here . All the technical aspects are being looked after and executed with a lot of precision and planning.The story of the film revolves around three childhood friends , lost to their own fates , only to re-emerge as fierce rivals . But soon they reunite to fight for the cause of their city which is controlled by mafia kingpin Kanu Sharma . Its about friendship , lost love and revenge.There 's no greater satisfaction to a filmmaker than being on a movie set , getting to work with talented people -- actors , actresses and the technicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6730d623861b6a1a072d787c38d563", "text": "Economy of Punjab, India According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index , Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India . Less than one-fourth of children below the age of five are underweight , although Punjab `` came off worse than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when measured on the index '' . Punjab has relatively good infrastructure . This includes road , rail , air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region . Punjab has also one of the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16 % ( 1999-2000 figures ) , and has won the best state performance award , based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government . In 2012 , the state was one of the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $ 66.13 billion ( 4547429450000.00 Indian Rupees ) , below Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f938666da6c3f48e23d261a64fe1505", "text": "Robert Richardson (cinematographer) Robert Bridge Richardson ( born August 27 , 1955 ) is an American cinematographer . He has won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography three times , for his work on JFK , The Aviator , and Hugo . Richardson is and has been a frequent collaborator for several directors , including Oliver Stone , John Sayles , Errol Morris , Quentin Tarantino , and Martin Scorsese . He is one of three living persons who won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography three times , the others being Vittorio Storaro and Emmanuel Lubezki .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a12230bc07fa65b8a4ad81c99aec40d7", "text": "Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters . During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award . 2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 . Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95e1bf5afa9b98e504b7567a4aca83fd", "text": "The Film Foundation The Film Foundation is a US-based non-profit organization dedicated to film preservation and the exhibition of restored and classic cinema . It was founded by director Martin Scorsese and several other leading filmmakers in 1990 . The foundation raises funds and awareness for film preservation projects and creates educational programs about film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b263e092d53861bfa8da55ec57837", "text": "Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero . Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315", "text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45ea19f93e029875bac94e92d2529ed0", "text": "Robert Wilson (director) Robert Wilson ( born October 4 , 1941 ) is an American experimental theater stage director and playwright who has been described by the media as '' -LSB- America -RSB- 's -- or even the world 's -- foremost avant-garde ` theater artist . Over the course of his wide-ranging career , he has also worked as a choreographer , performer , painter , sculptor , video artist , and sound and lighting designer . He is best known for his collaborations with Philip Glass on Einstein on the Beach , and with numerous other artists , including Heiner Müller , William S. Burroughs , Allen Ginsberg , Lou Reed , Tom Waits , David Byrne , Laurie Anderson , Gavin Bryars , Rufus Wainwright , Marina Abramović , Willem Dafoe , Mikhail Baryshnikov , Darryl Pinckney and Lady Gaga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9623caa434d4b01b8a95ec62380bcc3", "text": "Paul Richardson (recorder maker) Paul Richardson ( born 2 March 1947 ) is a recorder maker living in Madrid , Spain , who makes hand-crafted copies of authentic original renaissance and baroque instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fd3eb45dad058806fad9089deb84f3", "text": "Richard J. Richardson Richard J. `` Dick '' Richardson is an American former political scientist , holding the Burton Craig Professorship at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d3f550fa43f2e2c21d34f041b14f1f7", "text": "The Colossus of New York The Colossus of New York is a 1958 black-and-white science fiction film from Paramount Pictures , produced by William Alland , directed by Eugène Lourié , that stars Ross Martin , Otto Kruger , John Baragrey , Mala Powers , and Charles Herbert . The screenplay was written by Thelma Schnee , the maiden name of Thelma Moss , who would go on to become a famous parapsychologist . The story for the film is credited to Willis Goldbeck . John P. Fulton handled the special photographic effects . Colossus was released by Paramount to most theaters on a double bill with '' The Space Children . Following an accident , Jeremy Spensser 's brain is transplanted by his scientist father into the huge body of an unattractive , frightening cyborg , in order to save his brilliant son 's mind so that it can continue to serve mankind . Soon , his son 's brain becomes transformed by the experimental procedure , losing key attributes that make him human and define his personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d875ce99373262eb813192dfa0e54f8", "text": "The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists . The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films . The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c338353cd559de6b20a8e582e27f46", "text": "Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard ( -LSB- ʒɑ̃lyk ɡɔdaʁ -RSB- ; born 3 December 1930 ) is a French-Swiss film director , screenwriter and film critic . He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement La Nouvelle Vague , or `` New Wave '' . Like his New Wave contemporaries , Godard criticized mainstream French cinema 's `` Tradition of Quality '' , which `` emphasized craft over innovation , privileged established directors over new directors , and preferred the great works of the past to experimentation . '' As a result of such argument , he and like-minded critics started to make their own films . Many of Godard 's films challenge the conventions of traditional Hollywood in addition to French cinema . He is often considered the most radical French filmmaker of the 1960s and 1970s ; his approach in film conventions , politics and philosophies made him arguably the most influential director of the French New Wave . Along with showing knowledge of film history through homages and references , several of his films expressed his political views ; he was an avid reader of existential and Marxist philosophy . Since the New Wave , his politics have been much less radical and his recent films are about representation and human conflict from a humanist , and a Marxist perspective . In a 2002 Sight & Sound poll , Godard ranked third in the critics ' top-ten directors of all time ( which was put together by assembling the directors of the individual films for which the critics voted ) . He is said to have `` created one of the largest bodies of critical analysis of any filmmaker since the mid-twentieth century . '' He and his work have been central to narrative theory and have `` challenged both commercial narrative cinema norms and film criticism 's vocabulary . '' In 2010 , Godard was awarded an Academy Honorary Award , but did not attend the award ceremony . Godard 's films have inspired many directors including Martin Scorsese , Quentin Tarantino , Brian De Palma , Steven Soderbergh , D. A. Pennebaker , Robert Altman , Jim Jarmusch , Wong Kar-wai , Wim Wenders , Bernardo Bertolucci , and Pier Paolo Pasolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef6cd82b3a4a74c92cb5b9ca71606c7", "text": "The Mattei Affair The Mattei Affair ( Il Caso Mattei ) is a 1972 film directed by Francesco Rosi . It depicts the life and mysterious death of Enrico Mattei , an Italian businessman who in the aftermath of World War II managed to avoid the sale of the nascent Italian oil and hydrocarbon industry to US companies and developed them in the Eni , a state-owned oil company which rivaled the ` seven sisters ' for oil and gas deals in northern African and Middle Eastern countries . The film shared the Grand Prix with The Working Class Goes to Heaven at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . Italian star Gian Maria Volontè was the leading actor in both films . The film is an innovative hybrid of documentary and fiction , representing Francesco Rosi 's concept of cine-inchieste ( film investigation ) . The flashback structure shows the influence of Citizen Kane and Rosi 's Salvatore Giuliano ( 1962 ) . Rosi remains faithful to his neo-realist roots with on-location shooting and non-professional actors . The film is interspersed with footage of the director trying to find his friend , the investigative journalist Mauro De Mauro , who disappeared while doing research for the film . He was killed by the Sicilian Mafia , but like the death of Mattei , De Mauro 's case was never solved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8ae0135d150f9c1c5e47caafb33034", "text": "Goodfellas (soundtrack) Martin Scorsese chose the songs for Goodfellas only if they commented on the scene or the characters `` in an oblique way '' . The only rule he adhered to with the soundtrack was to only use music which could have been heard at that time . For example , if a scene took place in 1973 , he could use any song that was current or older . According to Scorsese , a lot of non-dialogue scenes were shot to playback . For example , he had `` Layla '' playing on the set while shooting the scene where the dead bodies are discovered in the car and the meat-truck . Sometimes , the lyrics of songs were put between lines of dialogue to comment on the action . Some of the music Scorsese had written into the script while other songs he discovered during the editing phase . There is no music once Henry is arrested in his driveway by the DEA , until the end credits .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "846aad3d1dbe563834b2b74fa8e65af6", "text": "Superhero A superhero ( sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero ) is a type of heroic stock character who possesses supernatural or superhuman powers and who is dedicated to fighting crime , protecting the public , and usually battling supervillains . A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine ( also rendered super-heroine or super heroine ) , although the word superhero is commonly used for females also . Superhero fiction is the genre of fiction that is centered on such characters , especially in American comic books since the 1930s . By most definitions , characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes . While the Dictionary.com definition of `` superhero '' is `` a figure , especially in a comic strip or cartoon , endowed with superhuman powers and usually portrayed as fighting evil or crime '' , the longstanding Merriam-Webster dictionary gives the definition as `` a fictional hero having extraordinary or superhuman powers ; also : an exceptionally skillful or successful person '' . Terms such as masked crime fighters , costumed adventurers or masked vigilantes are sometimes used to refer to characters such as the Spirit , who may not be explicitly referred to as superheroes but nevertheless share similar traits . Some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains , who are their criminal counterparts . Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superhero 's archenemy . Some long-running superheroes such as Batman , Spider-Man , Superman , Captain America , Wonder Woman , Iron Man , the Flash , Wolverine , Green Lantern , and Hulk have a rogues gallery of many villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56541c2a3e921a147a46037dbca1f6df", "text": "Black Panther (comics) The Black Panther ( T'Challa ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and penciller and co-plotter Jack Kirby , he first appeared in Fantastic Four # 52 ( July 1966 ) . He is the first black superhero in mainstream American comics , debuting years before such early African-American superheroes as Marvel Comics ' the Falcon ( 1969 ) and Luke Cage ( 1972 ) , and DC Comics ' Green Lantern John Stewart ( 1971 ) and Black Lightning ( 1977 ) . The character is usually depicted as the king and protector of Wakanda , a fictional African nation . Chadwick Boseman portrays the Black Panther in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) and is set to return in Black Panther ( 2018 ) , both set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57aedf3966f81e3e9d0d6d6e1e973aaf", "text": "The Pink Panther Strikes Again The Pink Panther Strikes Again is the fifth film in The Pink Panther series and picks up where The Return of the Pink Panther leaves off . Released in 1976 , Strikes Again is the third entry to include the words Pink Panther in its title , although the story does not involve the Pink Panther diamond . Unused footage from the film was later included in Trail of the Pink Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5561e9b8cbc7a9ee649ac2e64ca946", "text": "Underwater panther An underwater panther , called Mishipeshu or Mishibijiw in Ojibwe ( -LSB- mɪʃɪbɪʑɪw -RSB- ) , is one of the most important of several mythological water beings among many indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region , particularly among the Anishinaabe . Mishipeshu translates into `` the Great Lynx '' . It has the head and paws of a giant cat but is covered in scales and has dagger-like spikes running along its back and tail . Mishipeshu calls Michipicoten Island in Lake Superior his home and is a powerful creature in the mythological traditions of some Native American tribes , particularly Anishinaabe tribes , the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi , of the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States . In addition to the Anishinaabeg , Innu also have Mishibizhiw stories . To the Algonquins , the underwater panther was the most powerful underworld being . The Ojibwe traditionally held them to be masters of all water creatures , including snakes . Some versions of the Nanabozho creation legend refers to whole communities of water lynx . Some archaeologists believe that underwater panthers were major components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex of the Mississippian culture in the prehistoric American Southeast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe59da547a1cb19b6744e3223ff0558b", "text": "Black Fox Black Fox may refer to : Black fox , a fox that has a black coat Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant , a nuclear power plant proposed by the Public Service Company of Oklahoma in 1973 Black Fox ( Cherokee chief ) , the leading chief of the Cherokee from 1801 to his death in 1811 Black Fox ( comics ) , the code name of two unrelated fictional characters in Marvel Comics Black Fox : The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler , a 1962 documentary film The Black Fox , a fictional Robin Hood-esque character from the movie The Court Jester , played by Edward Ashley Black Fox ( miniseries ) , a 1995 mini-series , with Tony Todd and Christopher Reeve Member of the weasel family : Fisher ( animal )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b78ea1655206ee78a35ec10203053c3", "text": "Black Jack Tarr `` Black '' Jack Tarr is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Jack Tarr is Sir Denis Nayland Smith 's aide-de-camp , and is a powerful giant of a man with a gruff manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ae72378091538f5f85f71197d2be3c", "text": "Panthers (band) Panthers is an American rock band from Brooklyn , New York . The Village Voice described them as `` groundbreaking dissonant HC ( hardcore ) with Rolling Stones swagger . '' Three members were previously in the hardcore band Orchid . Panthers have released four records . The most recent two , The Trick and Things Are Strange were released on Vice Records . Prior to that they released via Dim Mak Records and Troubleman Unlimited . They began as a side project by members of the bands Orchid , Turing Machine , and The Red Scare . Kip Uhlhorn went on to form the band Cloudland Canyon with Simon Wojan of King Khan & the Shrines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1cf3a87ac118f615d4d17e70fa07f5", "text": "A Shot in the Dark (1964 film) A Shot in the Dark is a 1964 comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and is the second installment in The Pink Panther series . Peter Sellers is featured again as Inspector Jacques Clouseau of the French Sûreté . Clouseau 's bungling personality is unchanged , but it was in this film that Sellers began to give him the idiosyncratically exaggerated French accent that was to later become a hallmark of the character . The film also introduces Herbert Lom as his long-suffering boss , Commissioner Dreyfus , Burt Kwouk as his stalwart man servant Cato and Andre Maranne as Francois , all of whom would become series regulars . Elke Sommer plays Maria Gambrelli . Gambrelli would return in Son of the Pink Panther , this time played by Claudia Cardinale , who played Princess Dala in The Pink Panther . Graham Stark reprised his Hercule Lajoy role in Trail of the Pink Panther . The film was not originally written to include Clouseau , but was an adaptation of a stage play by Harry Kurnitz adapted from the French play L'Idiote by Marcel Achard . The film was released only a few months after the first Clouseau film , The Pink Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cca6b435e72330f0e7e839a171757c25", "text": "Michael Tabor (Black Panther) Michael Aloysius Tabor ( December 13 , 1946 -- October 17 , 2010 ) was an American member of the Black Panther Party who was charged and tried as part of an alleged conspiracy to bomb public buildings in New York City and kill members of the New York Police Department . Four months into the trial Tabor and another defendant fled to Algeria . Despite his ultimate acquittal on all charges , Tabor remained in exile in Africa until his death , never returning to the United States . Tabor was born on December 13 , 1946 , in Harlem and joined the Black Panther Party while in his teens . In 1970 , Tabor and 12 other members of the Black Panthers were charged for their involvement in a plot to kill police officers and to plant bombs in New York City commercial and public buildings , including the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx . Support for the prosecution 's case came from undercover officers who claimed that the defendants had developed plans for a series of bombings and had conducted classes to instruct those participating in the plot how to construct explosive devices . Together with fellow defendant Richard Moore , Tabor failed to appear at their trial in February 1971 , forfeited $ 150,000 in bail and were declared fugitives . Blank Panther leader Huey P. Newton called Moore and Tabor `` enemies of the people '' for evading justice while on trial and putting the other defendants and the party at risk . Connie Matthews , Newton 's former secretary and Tabor 's wife , also left the country and was said to have taken valuable records with her . The two finally surfaced in Algeria the following month together with Eldridge Cleaver . The New York Times published a lengthy letter from Moore on the day before the verdicts were read explaining that they had fled the U.S. because they feared that their lives were at risk . On May 13 , 1971 , after an eight-month-long trial , the jury in New York Supreme Court in Manhattan delivered an acquittal on all 156 counts . In a statement issued from Algiers , Tabor stated that the trial represented `` an attempted railroad and that the defendants ' rights were flagrantly violated '' and said that he was `` overjoyed that the brothers are free '' . Algeria expelled Tabor and he and Matthews moved to Zambia in 1972 , where Tabor wrote about politics and hosted a radio show . Despite repeated requests , Tabor refused to return to the United States . He died at age 63 in Lusaka , Zambia , on October 17 , 2010 , due to complications of multiple strokes . He was survived by his second wife , Priscilla Matanda , as well as by a daughter and three sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acb39bef509776dc2ec33a870abd6d6", "text": "Panther Creek (Blackwater River) Panther Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Missouri . It is a tributary of the Blackwater River . Panther Creek was named for the panthers which once roamed there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdb19ffcab5536fb1ef524a0f971cfd7", "text": "Black doll A black doll is a doll of a black person . Representations , both stereotypical and realistic , fashioned into playthings , date back centuries . More accurate , mass-produced depictions are manufactured today as toys and adult collectibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3361c32fad3bc1747a00c5b436e8b9df", "text": "Black people Black people is a term used in certain countries , often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity , to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations . As such , the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies , and depends significantly on context . For many other individuals , communities and countries , `` black '' is also perceived as a derogatory , outdated , reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label , and as a result is neither used nor defined . Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as `` black '' , and these social constructs have also changed over time . In a number of countries , societal variables affect classification as much as skin color , and the social criteria for `` blackness '' vary . For example , in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin , but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American , with a family history typically associated with institutionalized slavery . In the United Kingdom , `` black '' was historically equivalent with `` person of color '' , a general term for non-European peoples . In South Africa and Latin America , mixed-race people are generally not classified as `` black '' . In other regions such as Australasia , settlers applied the term `` black '' or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b78bfc5ff158a15a2295c620c6fffd3d", "text": "Black Power movement The Black Power movement was a political movement to achieve a form of Black Power and the many philosophies it contains . The movement saw various forms of activism some violent and some peaceful , all hoping to achieve black empowerment . The Black Power movement also represented socialist movements , all with the general motivation of improving the standing of black people in society . Originated during the Civil Rights Movement , some doubted the philosophy of the movement begging for more radical action , taking influences from Malcolm X . The cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party , a Black Power organization dedicated to socialism and the use of violence to achieve it . The Black Power movement developed in the criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s , and over time and into the 1970s , the movement grew and became more violent . After years of violence , many left the movement and the police began arresting violent actors in the movement . The Black Power movement also spilled out into the Caribbean creating the Black Power Revolution . Motivated by principles of community control , Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services , including black-owned bookstores , food cooperatives , farms , media , printing presses , schools , clinics , and ambulance services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e82ff52dd09732e93026f310aea22d4", "text": "Pink Panther jewel The Pink Panther is a fictional diamond with a distinctive flaw which resembles a leaping panther . The diamond was a major plot device in a series of films which are collectively known as the Pink Panther movies . In addition , the Pink Panther is an animated character who appeared in the title sequences for these films and eventually appeared in his own cartoon series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91ce38e1f68c22bdb60fca27a02b82d", "text": "BAD Girls, Inc. B.A.D. Girls , Inc. is a fictional group of female adventurers who all have had criminal records . The group first appeared in Captain America vol . 1 # 385 . Three of the group 's four members ( Asp , Black Mamba and Diamondback ) were previously members of the Serpent Society . They were teamed with Captain America on several occasions before disappearing for several years , during which time Black Mamba and Diamondback made solo appearances elsewhere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc918e0749a05f902f8d949a74dd9c7", "text": "Zamasu , is a fictional character and the first original antagonist in the Dragon Ball Super series created by Akira Toriyama . He is first introduced in the forty-seventh episode of Dragon Ball Super anime which first aired on June 12 , 2016 and in chapter # 14 from the manga . He is one of the main antagonists in the Future Trunks Saga . Goku Black is an entity that resembles Son Goku , and referred to himself as such before being given the name `` Goku Black '' by Bulma . He wears a single Potara earring and a Time Ring , the latter of which allows him to travel between different timelines at will . He wreaks havoc in Future Trunks ' timeline , bringing humanity to the brink of extinction . As he explains to Future Trunks , he has come to believe that only the decimation of humanity , which he views as corrupt and violent , can make Earth a utopia . It is later revealed that Goku Black is the original version of ( spelled Zamas in the manga ) , an apprentice from Universe 10 . In the anime 's original , unaltered timeline , Zamasu hijacked Goku 's body using the Super Dragon Balls as part of his plan to attain supreme power and wipe out all mortals . Although Beerus manages to go back in time and kills Zamasu , Goku Black 's Time Ring prevents him from being erased from existence . To complete his plan , he joins forces with the Zamasu of Future Trunks ' timeline , who uses the Super Dragon Balls to become immortal .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f5da7ea2fc10b46bc33f920711a034a", "text": "List of Scream episodes Scream is an American slasher horror television series developed by Jill Blotevogel , Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie for MTV and is based on the slasher film series of the same name created by Kevin Williamson . The series premiered of June 30 , 2015 , following the airing of the second episode of the fifth season of Teen Wolf , to mixed reviews from critics , though it has slowly earned a strong fan base throughout its run . As of October 18 , 2016 , 24 episodes of Scream have aired , concluding the second season . Following the airing of the second season finale , it was announced that a two-hour Halloween special would air on October 18 , 2016 . On October 14 , 2016 , MTV renewed the series for a third season to consist of 6 episodes , which will premiere in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1e4b009c970a7926ff92fc8196e511", "text": "Know Thy Enemy `` Know Thy Enemy '' is the 17th episode of the second season of The CW television series , The Vampire Diaries and the 39th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on April 7 , 2011 . The episode was written by Mike Daniels and directed by Wendey Stanzler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833ab02fa3cfa7aa7d6e81ad892b0ccc", "text": "Buffy the Animated Series Buffy the Animated Series is an animated television series concept based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . Initially greenlit by 20th Century Fox in 2002 , it went ultimately unproduced and unaired when no network was willing to buy the series . The series would have taken place in the middle of Buffy season 1 , as writer Jeph Loeb described the continuity as `` Episode 7.5 '' . Whedon and Loeb would later revisit the style of the series in the Season Eight comic story `` After These Messages ... We 'll Be Right Back ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525b3e49983a408066c55e35a5b8341", "text": "L. J. Smith (author) Lisa Jane Smith , known professionally as L. J. Smith , is an American author of young adult fiction best known for her best-selling series The Vampire Diaries , which has been turned into a successful television show . Her books , particularly The Vampire Diaries and Night World , have been in the New York Times Best Seller list and have been nominated for five awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fca9806549b52c2bd6b137a77ca1cc9", "text": "Promised Land (The Vampire Diaries) `` Promised Land '' is the 21st episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series ' 110th episode overall . `` Promised Land '' was originally aired on May 8 , 2014 , on The CW . The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Michael Allowitz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b07b45caae35d333c59a7c7ee37659", "text": "Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon . The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon . Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8459c8f30e481ac2f8552acfdc08d69e", "text": "American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque . The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series . The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer . American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d30ab7597849321600da8691853e1d1", "text": "Trio (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) The Trio is a group of three fictional characters in the sixth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer , who serve as the villains of the season . They continually strive to neutralize Buffy , the Slayer , and thus the primary obstacle to their ultimate goal of taking over Sunnydale . Though initially comic relief and little more than a nuisance to the Scooby Gang , they take a darker turn by the episode `` Dead Things '' . Most of their schemes combine science and mysticism , and they are able to avoid detection by the Scoobies ( who merely assume their conducts to be the doings of demons ) until halfway through the season . The Trio was formed by Warren Mears , technology expert ; Andrew Wells , summoner of demons ; and Jonathan Levinson , caster of spells . Jonathan was a long time recurring character , having first appeared in season 2 , and was a friendly acquaintance of the Scooby Gang , and Warren had appeared twice in season 5 . While Andrew had never been seen on the show before , his brother was in `` The Prom '' episode , and Andrew often speaks of the time he summoned flying demon monkeys to the school production of Romeo and Juliet , of which Buffy and the Scoobies have no recollection . The three of them begin season 6 as good friends . Tired of being pushed around , they resolve to combine their expertise and `` take over Sunnydale '' as equal partners . As the stakes rise , the power shifts and Warren gradually dominates the group . Though Jonathan and Andrew lack the malice and hatred of true villains , Warren eventually reveals his true colors as a violent misogynist capable of murder . The Trio is continually thwarted by Buffy , and none of their actions make any name for themselves in Sunnydale 's mystical underground , as revealed in `` Villains '' . The group is ultimately disbanded when , after a face-off with Buffy , Warren flees and leaves Andrew and Jonathan to take the fall with the police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab8e6ee903f07470501288f7c010241f", "text": "Fool Me Once (The Vampire Diaries) `` Fool Me Once '' is the 14th episode of the first season of The CW television series , The Vampire Diaries and the 14th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on February 11 , 2010 . The episode was written by Brett Conrad and directed by Marcos Siega .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f9c95a1b3bfe575b2e328c19f74c7b2", "text": "Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick ( -LSB- ˈkuːbrɪk -RSB- July 26 , 1928 -- March 7 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , producer , cinematographer , editor , and photographer . He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history . His films , which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories , cover a wide range of genres , and are noted for their realism , dark humor , unique cinematography , extensive set designs , and evocative use of music . Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx , New York City , and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945 . Although he only received average grades , Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature , photography , and film from a young age , and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school . After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s , he began making short films on a shoestring budget , and made his first major Hollywood film , The Killing , for United Artists in 1956 . This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas , the war picture Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and the historical epic Spartacus ( 1960 ) . His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew , and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks ( 1961 ) , though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself . Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios , a dislike of Hollywood , and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961 , where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career . His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire , which he shared with his wife Christiane , became his workplace , where he did his writing , research , editing , and management of production details . This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films , but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios . His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers , Lolita ( 1962 ) and Dr. Strangelove ( 1964 ) . A demanding perfectionist , Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process , from direction and writing to editing , and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes , working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators . He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie , which resulted in many conflicts with his casts . Despite the resulting notoriety among actors , many of Kubrick 's films broke new ground in cinematography . The scientific realism and innovative special effects of 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) were without precedent in the history of cinema , and the film earned him his only personal Oscar , for Best Visual Effects . Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation 's `` big bang '' , and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made . For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon ( 1975 ) , Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA , to film scenes under natural candlelight . With The Shining ( 1980 ) , he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots . While many of Kubrick 's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release -- particularly A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy -- most were nominated for Oscars , Golden Globes , or BAFTA Awards , and underwent critical reevaluations . His last film , Eyes Wide Shut , was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ab37a9c749f1976581ff354b4c148aa1", "text": "Stanley Dorfman Stanley Dorfman is an English film director and producer . Dorfman was active in Great Britain throughout the 1960s and 1970s . He was the original co-producer and director for the TV music show Top Of The Pops and created and directed the BBC 's In Concert series . He later moved to the United States where he directed music videos by many major artists . Dorfman is currently based in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885262934b2501d4cc2fbc70c8e96539", "text": "Filmography and awards of Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick directed 13 feature films and three short documentaries over the course of his career , from Day of the Fight in 1951 to Eyes Wide Shut in 1999 . Many of Kubrick 's films were nominated for Academy Awards or Golden Globes , but his only personal win of an Academy Award was for his work as director of special effects on 2001 : A Space Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e028d34395e5a9c615206fcf8247bf0", "text": "Herbert Mason Not to be confused with Herbert Mason the photographer who photographed St Paul 's Survives ( 1940 ) . Samuel George Herbert Mason ( 1891 -- 20 May 1960 ) was a British film director , producer , stage actor , army officer , presenter of some revues , stage manager , stage director , choreographer , production manager and playwright . He was a recipient of the Military Cross the prestigious award for `` gallantry during active operations against the enemy . '' He received the gallantry award for his part in the Battle of Guillemont where British troops defeated the Germans to take the German stronghold of Guillemont . Mason began his theatrical career at the age of 16 and appeared in several productions at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre including Barry Jackson 's The Christmas Party . During the 1920s he stage managed some of the largest shows in London ( including many of Andre Charlot 's musical revues ) and began his film career with the arrival of sound in motion pictures . Mason was the Assistant director for I Was a Spy , which was very successful in the box office and voted best film of the year . He made his debut as director in 1936 with The First Offence . His most prominent film was A Window in London a dark thriller set in the London Underground , which was a remake of the original French drama film Metropolitan . Another successful film included Take My Tip , in which he directed Jack Hulbert whose `` dances -LSB- were -RSB- beautifully staged . '' Several rising actors and actresses ( including Vivien Leigh ) made their film debuts in some of his films before they rose to prominence . He worked for several studios and production companies including Gaumont British , Gainsborough Pictures , London Films and MGM-British Studios . Mason directed 16 films ( from thrillers to comedies ) , moved into producing for the rest of his career and authored some plays with his wife Daisy Fisher , a novelist and playwright also with a background in theatre . His films were generally very well received , and some of them were marked out for the inventiveness of the plot , locations used for shooting and humour . Some of his films are remembered for introducing rising actors and actresses to the screen before they became famous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c062ce5d527d8181abffa8183e35a2a", "text": "David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege . Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department . In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry . His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acc436ba4619b0339da4df783e32475", "text": "Going Steady (book) Going Steady : Film Writings 1968 -- 1969 is the third collection of film reviews by the critic Pauline Kael , comprising the years 1968-1969 , when she first began her film-reviewing duties at The New Yorker and which covers , '' a crucial period of social and aesthetic change at the end of the sixties . '' The collection for the most part consists of reviews of individual films , but includes one long essay , ( which appeared originally in Harper 's Magazine ) , entitled `` Trash , Art , and the Movies '' , perhaps the closest Kael comes to a manifesto defining her personal aesthetics in regards to films . In the essay , Kael dissects , compares , and contrasts the merits of `` trash '' films that are nevertheless entertaining , as well as `` art '' films that are uninteresting . In doing so , Kael lambastes `` art '' films such as Kubrick 's 2001 : A Space Odyssey , concluding her treatment of that particular film by declaring : `` If big film directors are to get credit for doing badly what others have been doing brilliantly for years with no money , just because they 've put it on a big screen , then businessmen are greater than poets and theft is art . '' The essay is divided into ten parts , ranging from discussions of The Thomas Crown Affair to Petulia . Kael 's overriding theme is to dismantle the intellectual pretences of those who deride films deemed to be `` trash '' on the basis of dubious aesthetic concerns , notwithstanding the entertainment appeal a particular `` trash '' film might possess . Other notable reviews include Kael 's treatment of the Norman Mailer film Wild 90 , its relation to cinéma vérité , and the implications of that particular film-making technique . This book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb67483c6884fd7f5db4fd4c8a21015e", "text": "Lolita (1962 film) Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick . Based on his novel of the same title , Vladimir Nabokov also wrote the screenplay . It follows a middle-aged literature lecturer who becomes obsessed with an adolescent girl . The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert , Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze ( Lolita ) , and Shelley Winters as Charlotte Haze , with Peter Sellers as Clare Quilty . Owing to the MPAA 's restrictions at the time , the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel , sometimes leaving much to the audience 's imagination . The actress who played Lolita , Sue Lyon , was 14 at the time of filming . Lolita polarized contemporary critics , but is well-received today . Kubrick later commented , however , that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be , he probably would never have made the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "009e3946d78d8cc3417ab2f703d8c6e6", "text": "George Stanley (sculptor) George Stanley ( April 26 , 1903 -- 1973 ) is an American sculptor . He designed the Academy Award of Merit , or Oscar , as well as sculpting the Muse Statue at the Hollywood Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058cacfacfcf40551e7fca6948bb6f6f", "text": "Tony Zierra Tony Zierra is an American director and producer . He has directed three movies : Carving Out Our Name , USA The Movie and My Big Break in which he also appeared . From an early age Zierra 's goal was to become a filmmaker . He attended film studies classes at NYU , Texas A&M and UCLA . His first documentary , Carving Out Our Name premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to much acclaim . Shortly after , Zierra went on the road to capture America 's reaction to the September 11 attacks . The film that emerged , USA The Movie , explores the cyclical nature of violence and retaliation . The film was the subject of an in-depth analysis from a Deleuzian perspective by scholar and commentator Dion Dennis . Zierra 's award-winning documentary , My Big Break , is a cautionary tale about the darker side of celebrity and the consequences of fame that also includes his struggle to make his first film . My Big Break has received consistently strong reviews and has been repeatedly praised for its unusually candid look at the effects of success on young rising stars in Hollywood.http : / / staticmass.net/documentary/my-big-break-dvd-2011-review/http://www.theentertainmentcorner.com/2012/05/my-big-break-interview.html My Big Break won Best Documentary at the Boston Film Festival , Best Documentary at Artsfest , Pennsylvania , was nominated for Best Documentary at the Raindance Film Festival in London and was an official selection of The American Cinematic Experience Festival in New York . Zierra has been a featured speaker at The Popular Culture American Culture ( PCA/ACA ) national academic conference in New Orleans , PCA/ACA Southwest/Texas academic conference and the PCA/ACA national academic conference in Boston . Zierra is in production on the documentary SK13http : / / www.imdb.com/title/tt1562571/about the legendary filmmaker , Stanley Kubrick . His documentary '' Filmworker '' http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6851066/?ref_=nv_sr_1 about the life of Stanley Kubrick 's longtime assistant , Leon Vitali is part of the Cannes Film Festival Official Selection 2017 premiering in Cannes Classics http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cannes-classics-2017-1", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bbb2fa6490eab538b7a0495e4cbcb7a", "text": "Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 . Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 . In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 . Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d897b3e0d60610eba6e57f351b29f0aa", "text": "Schindler's List Schindler 's List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and scripted by Steven Zaillian . It is based on the novel Schindler 's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally . The film relates a period in the life of Oskar Schindler , an ethnic German businessman , during which he saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II . It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler , Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth , and Ben Kingsley as Schindler 's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern . Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden ( Schindler Jews ) were proposed as early as 1963 . Poldek Pfefferberg , one of the Schindlerjuden , made it his life 's mission to tell the story of Schindler . Spielberg became interested in the story when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of Schindler 's Ark. . Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel , but Spielberg , unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Holocaust , tried to pass the project to several other directors before finally deciding to direct the film himself . Principal photography took place in Kraków , Poland , over the course of 72 days in 1993 . Spielberg shot the film in black and white and approached it as a documentary . Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness . John Williams composed the score , and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the film 's main theme . Schindler 's List premiered on November 30 , 1993 , in Washington , D.C. and it was released on December 15 , 1993 , in the United States . Often listed among the greatest films ever made , it was also a box office success , earning $ 321.2 million worldwide on a $ 22 million budget . It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards ( out of twelve nominations ) , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Original Score , as well as numerous other awards ( including seven BAFTAs and three Golden Globes ) . In 2007 , the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time . The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e61e0bead5d01084137cac71930ec99f", "text": "December 30", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f92861a98b355f9fbd327646f6f2f6e6", "text": "Whacking Day `` Whacking Day '' is the twentieth episode of The Simpsons ' fourth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29 , 1993 . The episode revolves around the fictional holiday `` Whacking Day '' , celebrated annually , in which the citizens of Springfield drive snakes into the town square , then club them to death . The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jeffrey Lynch ; Barry White , who had expressed a wish to appear in the show , guest stars as himself . It was pitched by George Meyer , who wanted to create an episode against the mistreatment of snakes ( the episode ended up winning a Genesis Award ) . The episode includes the first appearance of Superintendent Chalmers , and it features an Itchy & Scratchy parody of Oliver Stone 's film JFK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8c05fef167a1e0cc96f35e16b1e7d5", "text": "Selected Shorts Selected Shorts is an event at New York 's Symphony Space on the Upper West Side , in which screen and stage actors read classic and new short fiction before a live audience . The stage show began in 1985 and continues today at Symphony Space 's Peter Jay Sharp Theater . The annual season of the live events at Symphony Space begins in the mid-fall and ends in mid-spring . There is a theme to each Selected Shorts episode and performance . Several stories are presented around each theme . The stories are always fiction , sometimes classic , sometimes new , always performed by actors from stage , screen and television who bring these short stories to life . Evenings are often co-hosted by writers , literary producers , and other interesting characters . Symphony Space 's Artistic Director Isaiah Sheffer formerly hosted the live events , although many Selected Shorts also feature guest hosts , often well-known writers , who also choose which stories will be read . Mr. Sheffer died on November 9 , 2012 at age 76 . Actor BD Wong acts as the host of the live events since the fall of 2012 . The readings are recorded live and become the basis of a one-hour radio program , hosted by actors , authors , and entertainers such as David Sedaris , Stephen Colbert , Cynthia Nixon , Wyatt Cenac , and Jane Kaczmarek , with literary commentator Hannah Tinti of One Story Magazine , and are produced in conjunction with WNYC . The programs are distributed by Public Radio International and air on PRI-affiliated public radio stations in the United States . The radio program airs weekly throughout the year . Originally , the program was distributed by National Public Radio . However , in October 2007 , it moved its distribution to PRI , Public Radio International . The program 's theme is David Peterson 's `` That 's the Deal , '' performed by the Deardorf/Peterson group . Until 2011 , the radio show began and ended with the piano and cello duet `` Come to the Meadow '' by Roger Kellaway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e2de0f9f58ca4ab8a3fc97a166c7b1", "text": "List of 1998 This American Life episodes In 1998 , there were 31 new This American Life episodes . Numbers lie . Numbers cover over complicated feelings and ambiguous situations . In this week 's show , stories of people trying to use numbers to describe things that should not be quantified . 1998-01-02 Stories about people who are destined to fight : brothers and sisters . 1998-01-09 Stories of who we are on the phone , of things we learn on the phone , and of things that happen on the phone that do n't happen anywhere else . 1998-01-16 Stories of people trying to escape the box of their own lives , and create new lives . 1998-01-30 Stories about those moments when someone tries to tell you a little bit more about themselves than you 'd really rather know . 1998-02-07 Stories about couples that all take place decades after that moment their eyes first meet . 1998-02-14 What happens during a `` how-to , '' and what our how-to 's say about us . Most how-to 's promise that you 'll not only learn skills , you 'll be transformed . 1998-02-27 How should we react to people who are in non-monogamous relationships ? What should we think of these struggles with monogamy ? 1998-03-07 People who left their private lives and were seized by some huge historical moment . 1998-03-13 An assault on the idea of wackiness . And then , an appreciation of wackiness , and an analysis of wackiness in American culture . Thirteen ways to describe wackiness . 1998-03-20 Stories about what it means to be a person who throws the first punch ... and how hard it is to give up . 1998-03-27 Variations on what it means to be a girl and what it means to be a woman . 1998-04-10 For the 100th episode of This American Life , a radio show about the pleasures of radio . About what makes radio so great ... and what makes it so terrible . 1998-04-24 During this hour , a special edition of our show : stories about Niagara Falls , half of them from documentary producer Alix Spiegel , who went to the Falls and interviewed people living there ; and half from playwright David Kodeski , who grew up in the town of Niagara Falls . 1998-05-01 With all the American movies and songs and books about the joy of the open road , it 's hard for an American to take just a normal road trip without huge expectations . 1998-05-15 An NPR reporter leaves her three-year-old son and heads to Omaha -- for cancer treatment -- a last chance to save her life . After years of covering stories about medicine , Rebecca Perl enters the hospital as a patient . She moves from the world of healthy people into the world of sick ones . What she sees and what she learns . 1998-05-29 What 's frustrating about music lessons , what 's miraculous about them , and what they actually teach us . This show was recorded in front of a live audience at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco , with help from KQED-FM , during the '98 Public Radio Conference in San Francisco . 1998-06-05 Two stories of people who try to cross the color line -- and why it 's still so hard . We hear the story of a failed interracial marriage and the story of a teenager from a poor inner city neighborhood ( Cedric Jennings , pictured ) who ends up at an Ivy League University -- and how he barely survives there . 1998-06-12 For this Father 's Day , stories in which fathers and their kids sit down and try to have an honest moment together . And stories about fathers who are n't close with their kids . 1998-06-19 For the July 4th holiday weekend , writer Sarah Vowell and her twin sister re-trace the `` Trail of Tears '' -- the route their Cherokee ancestors took when expelled from their own land by President Andrew Jackson . 1998-07-03 Two stories of children lying to themselves and others . A woman who 'd been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis talks about the lies she told herself as a child . And Dan Gediman tells the story of how he was cast in the public TV show Zoom , which aired from 1972 to 1979 , at the age of ten . Then he was cut from the cast before the show ever went on the air . So for years , he lied about it . He let friends believe he was on Zoom . 1998-08-07 Stories of summer camp . People who love camp say that non-camp people simply do n't understand what 's so amazing about camp . In this program , we attempt to bridge the gap of misunderstanding between camp people and non-camp people . 1998-08-28 Five ways of mapping the world . One story about people who make maps the traditional way -- by drawing things we can see . And other stories about people who map the world using smell , sound , touch , and taste . The world redrawn by the five senses . 1998-09-04 Two brothers set out with a friend to cross America on horseback . They take a tape recorder with them to make a kind of audio journal of their trip . What they find , who they meet , and what they learn in this experiment in 19th-century travel . Plus other stories . 1998-09-11 Germs , and how they make us leave the world of rational thinking . 1998-10-02 What happens when you suddenly strike it rich . And the power money has over our lives , for good and bad . 1998-10-16 Stories of people 's last words before death . Their one last shot at figuring things out , summing things up . One last moment of asserting the fact of our existence , at the moment of our annihilation . 1998-10-23 Stories of the first day on the job , the first day in a relationship , the first day in school . On the first day , any first day , we 're expected to live by the rules and customs of the culture we 're entering , but we do n't know those rules and customs just yet . 1998-11-13 For Thanksgiving , the time of year when poultry consumption is highest , it 's our annual program about turkeys , chickens , and fowl of all types . 1998-11-27 The family table is stage on which many family dramas are played out . We hear three stories ... of three families ... at three meals . 1998-12-11 Stories about seeing and being seen . Taped before a live audience in Town Hall in New York City in December 1998 , this was a co-production with WNYC New York , featuring live music by the pop band They Might Be Giants and the This American Life Orchestra . 1998-12-18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586b0965b50f26253c28ae75be360d1a", "text": "1993 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards The 19th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 1993 , were given on 11 December 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e6c291bb11bf33f802c280bbfe9585c", "text": "Just a Matter of Duty Just a Matter of Duty ( Die Denunziantin ) is a 1993 German drama film directed by Thomas Mitscherlich , about a German war crimes trial following World War II . It was entered into the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46052c0493c2ad0f140919f9cfe8d9c2", "text": "Adelheid und ihre Mörder Adelheid und ihre Mörder ( Adelheid and Her Murderers ) was a German comedy-drama television series broadcast between 1993 and 2007 by Das Erste . 65 , 50 minute episodes in six series were produced . Directors included Ulrich Stark ( 6 episodes , 1993-1996 ) , Arend Agthe ( 6 episodes , 1998-1999 ) , Claus-Michael Rhone ( 20 episodes , 1996-2001 ) , Stephan Meyer ( 8 episodes , 2003-2005 ) and Stefan Bartmann ( 26 episodes , 2000-2007 ) . The series stars Evelyn Hamann as the titular Adelheid Möbius , a witty secretary working for the Kriminalpolizei in Hamburg . She has the habit of solving the murder case by herself while the `` real '' investigators are still groping in the dark . However , Adelheid commonly finds herself in great danger when she exposes the murderer , only to be rescued by her colleagues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefc2b4d209805028b4fd78520569aae", "text": "The Shaggy Dog (1994 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 1994 American made-for-television fantasy-comedy film and a remake of the 1959 film of the same name produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on November 12 , 1994 as part of The Wonderful World of Disney . It is the first in a series of four remakes of classic Disney films produced for broadcast on ABC during the 1994 -- 95 television season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95b7fe180c14df46b0999871528880a", "text": "Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler ( 28 April 1908 -- 9 October 1974 ) was a German industrialist , spy , and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories , which were located in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . He is the subject of the 1982 novel Schindler 's Ark , and the subsequent 1993 film Schindler 's List , which reflected his life as an opportunist initially motivated by profit who came to show extraordinary initiative , tenacity and dedication to save the lives of his Jewish employees . Schindler grew up in Zwittau , Moravia , and worked in several trades until he joined the Abwehr , the intelligence service of Nazi Germany , in 1936 . He joined the Nazi Party in 1939 . Prior to the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938 , he collected information on railways and troop movements for the German government . He was arrested for espionage by the Czech government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement in 1938 . Schindler continued to collect information for the Nazis , working in Poland in 1939 before the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II . In 1939 , Schindler acquired an enamelware factory in Kraków , Poland , which employed about 1,750 workers , of whom 1,000 were Jews at the factory 's peak in 1944 . His Abwehr connections helped Schindler to protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in the Nazi concentration camps . As time went on , Schindler had to give Nazi officials ever larger bribes and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep his workers safe . By July 1944 , Germany was losing the war ; the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and deporting the remaining prisoners westward . Many were killed in Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen concentration camp . Schindler convinced SS-Hauptsturmführer Amon Göth , commandant of the nearby Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp , to allow him to move his factory to Brünnlitz in the Sudetenland , thus sparing his workers from almost certain death in the gas chambers . Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg , Göth 's secretary Mietek Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews who travelled to Brünnlitz in October 1944 . Schindler continued to bribe SS officials to prevent the execution of his workers until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945 , by which time he had spent his entire fortune on bribes and black-market purchases of supplies for his workers . Schindler moved to West Germany after the war , where he was supported by assistance payments from Jewish relief organisations . After receiving a partial reimbursement for his wartime expenses , he moved with his wife , Emilie , to Argentina , where they took up farming . When he went bankrupt in 1958 , Schindler left his wife and returned to Germany , where he failed at several business ventures and relied on financial support from Schindlerjuden ( `` Schindler Jews '' ) -- the people whose lives he had saved during the war . He was named Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli government in 1963 . He died on 9 October 1974 in Hildesheim , Germany , and was buried in Jerusalem on Mount Zion , the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "74efcc3d348e3e646c075dca44b050f2", "text": "Mithun Chakraborty Gourang Chakraborty ( born 16 June 1950 ) , better known by his stage name Mithun Chakraborty ; informally referred to as Mithun Da , is an Indian film actor , singer , producer , writer , social worker , entrepreneur and a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament . He is the recipient of three National Film Awards . He made his acting debut with the art house drama Mrigayaa ( 1976 ) , for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor . He began his career as a junior actor and went on to establish himself as one of the biggest stars in Bollywood . He is recognized as one of the best `` dancing-heroes '' in Bollywood with his `` Disco and Desi '' fusion-style dancing that is popular among the masses . Chakraborty is best remembered for his role as Jimmy in the movie Disco Dancer which was a superhit in India and also in many other countries in the world , especially Russia . In Russia , Chakraborty and Raj Kapoor are the most popular Indian actors . Besides ` Disco Dancer ' , Chakraborty is best remembered for his performance in films like Suraksha , Saahas , Wardat , Pyar Jhukta Nahi , Dance Dance and Agneepath . In 1991 , he won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for his role as Krishnan Iyer Nariyal paniwala for the movie Agneepath . He later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Tahader Katha ( 1992 ) and Swami Vivekananda ( 1998 ) . Chakraborty has appeared in more than 350 films including Bengali , Odia , Bhojpuri , Telugu and Punjabi pictures . Chakraborty owns the Monarch Group , which has interests in the hospitality sector and educational sector . He has also started the production house Paparatzy Productions In 1992 , he along with Dilip Kumar and Sunil Dutt , set up a trust to help needy actors called Cine & T.V Artistes Association ( CINTAA ) . He was also the Chairperson of Film Studios Setting & Allied Mazdoor Union which take care the welfare of cine workers and resolve their demands and problems . The Television show Dance India Dance where Chakraborty is the Grandmaster has already entered in Limca Book of Records and Guinness World Records Chakraborty played a crucial role of mediator between Pranab Mukherjee and Mamata Banerjee , winning the Congressman the support of the Trinamool chief in the 2012 presidential election . A comic book named Jimmy Zhingchak has been made based on Chakraborty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b72dc4e3e5046865f3ea6e710400932", "text": "Disco Dancer Disco Dancer is a 1982 Indian Hindi-language musical drama film directed by Babbar Subhash , starring Mithun Chakraborty in the lead role and Rajesh Khanna in a special appearance plays the mentor of the lead hero . The film tells the rags-to-riches story of a young street performer . It is especially known for its filmi disco songs composed by Bappi Lahiri and dance of Mithun Chakraborthy . Songs including `` I am a Disco Dancer '' and `` Yaad Aa Raha Hai '' ( picturized on Mithun and sung by Vijay Benedict and Bappi Lahiri ) and `` Goro Ki Na Kaalo Ki '' ( picturised on Rajesh Khanna and sung by Suresh Wadkar with Usha Mangeshkar ) became very popular . The film was a worldwide success , with its popularity extending across Southern and Central Asia , Eastern and Western Africa , the Middle East , East Asia , Turkey and Soviet Union . It was one of the most successful Indian films in the Soviet Union , drawing an audience of 40 to 63 million viewers there . Disco Dancer established Mithun as a household name in Southern Asia and the Soviet Union . In China , the soundtrack was a success and received an award . It was remade in Tamil as Paadum Vaanambaadi with Anand Babu and in Telugu as Disco King with Nandamuri Balakrishna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ec6d9a2a68973389c0848fe706fa983", "text": "Swami Vivekananda (1998 film) Swami Vivekananda is a 1998 Indian biographical film directed by G. V. Iyer and produced by T. Subbarami Reddy . It took Iyer 11 years to finish the research work required for the film and to write the screenplay . The film starred Sarvadaman D. Banerjee as Swami Vivekananda , the 19th-century Hindu monk , and Mithun Chakraborty as Ramakrishna , his guru . Even though the film was completed and was considered for 1995 national awards , the film got released on 12 June 1998 . The film was premiered on India 's public service broadcaster Doordarshan on 15 August 1998 , the country 's Independence Day . The film received mixed , mainly negative , reviews from critics . Mithun Chakraborty 's acting in this film was widely appreciated and he won his third National Film Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4e781a6450d10157519c30e6ea8d967a", "text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206835f069d1be9fd86c15df0f8ed1d4", "text": "Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship . Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times . Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema . In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so . Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema . When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) . Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) . Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world . In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f8708164eca99e0fc26673fa7ca773", "text": "Bees Saal Baad Bees Saal Baad may refer to : Bees Saal Baad ( 1962 film ) , starring Biswajeet and Waheeda Rehman Bees Saal Baad ( 1988 film ) , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Dimple Kapadia and Meenakshi Sheshadri", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa7e2d387e3bc990229d4c6319bf0e43", "text": "Mithuna (astrology) Mithuna is the third sign in Indian astrology . The Mithuna is equivalent to the Gemini in Tropical Zodiac . The only difference is that Mithuna is represented by a man and a woman . Mithuna stands for couple ( which Mithuna is represented by ) . The dates occupied under this sign are June 16 to July 15 . In Mithuna ( as seen only in the birth chart ) , Mercury is the ruler . Moon , Venus , Saturn , and Rahu sees this sign and its ruling planet as a friend , the Sun sees the said two as neutral while Mars , Jupiter , and Ketu sees the former as hostile for them . Emerald is their principal gemstone , night time is their time of strength , and 5 is their principal lucky number . In its ascendant ( or lagna ) , Venus is the most auspicious planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46dd24df4cd62f545ab9f300941fc14a", "text": "Kab Tak Chup Rahungi Kab Tak Chup Rahungi is a 1988 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by T. Prakash Rao , starring Aditya Pancholi , Amala and Kiran Kumar in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d740a610cc149937840fd0b92632572", "text": "Raj Chakraborty Raj Chakraborty ( রাজ চক্রবর্তী born 1975 ) is an Indian film director and actor based in Tollywood . A person from middle-class family background , he was born in Halisahar , West Bengal . He graduated from Rishi Bankim Chandra Colleges , Naihati . He is one of the most successful filmmakers in Tollywood . He is also currently the most profitable director in Tollywood . Before directing his debut film , he was busy in Bengali TV , Zee Bangla 's famous laughter show Mirakkel and the dance program Dance Bangla Dance judged by Mithun Chakraborty and hosted by Tathoi and Aritra . Mirakkel was hosted by Mir . Now he is busy in directing Star Jalsha 's laughter program I Laugh You , assisting mega serial-maker Arindam Dey . He went solo with the telefilm Noder Chaand after assisting Dey for a couple of years . He has made 18 telefilms since . Raj 's biggest small screen venture was with the hit comedy show Mirakkel that airs on Zee Bangla .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9db04cea140bb2b59021dd18f84ee11", "text": "Charnon Ki Saugandh Charanon Ki Saugandh is a 1988 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by K. Bapaiah , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Amrita Singh , Nirupa Roy , Prem Chopra , Kader Khan , Shakti Kapoor , Raj Kiran and Kader Khan . The film was a remake of Tamil film Savaale Samali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9b10f940dea3147617d29548b4cd93", "text": "Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film . On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493abd8f3141aff583ad2598d0014ab9", "text": "Tolly Lights Tolly Lights ( টলি লাইট `` Tolly Lights '' ) is a 2008 Bengali-language Indian feature film directed by Arjun Chakraborty , starring Sreelekha Mitra , Abhishek Chatterjee , Priyadarshini Chatterjee and Arjun Chakraborty in lead roles . The Film is based on the novel `` Rangeen Prithibi '' by Suchitra Bhattacharya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29a0dac97ba93ead30a7ac88214c8c81", "text": "Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. . is an Indian entertainment company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a030487b900b95d9a8a1c2c924fd50e5", "text": "Tahader Katha Tahader Katha ( English : Their story ) is a 1992 award-winning Bengali-language Indian drama film directed by Budhhadeb Dasgupta , starring Mithun Chakraborty , who won the 1993 National Film Awards for Best Actor for the film , while the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a5a918253f05d0b036f1c3d5f630541", "text": "Sadhu Sant Sadhu Sant is a 1991 Hindi Indian film announced , starring Amitabh Bachchan and Mithun Chakraborty . The film was much awaited , but never graced theatres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980ac4a425653c38c5c9dc9f3803d900", "text": "Game: He Plays To Win Game is a 2014 action thriller Bengali film choreographed and directed by Baba Yadav and produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment . The film features actors Jeet , Subhasree Ganguly and Saurav Chakraborty in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Jeet Ganguly . The film is a remake of the 2012 Tamil film Thuppakki . The film released to positive reviews from critics and went on to become a blockbuster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16c444b1110dc24d4730936f76ba030", "text": "Kushal Chakraborty Kushal Chakraborty ( Born : 1966 ) is a Bengali actor and film director . At the age of six he played the main role in Satyajit Ray 's film Sonar Kella . Kushal is a civil engineering graduate from Jadavpur University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5637b5ee063c13f0e55fd24b2ad0f68a", "text": "Paap Ki Kamaee Paap Ki Kamaee is a 1990 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Kawal Sharma , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Sangeeta Bijlani , Shilpa Shirodkar , Ektaa Bahl and Prem Chopra", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f35ad0fed0ff5832a1f48a92d21cc9", "text": "Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India . For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67e20e1ff26fc498bbbcb417cb630f86", "text": "Bahniman Bahniman is a 2016 Assamese language drama film directed by Biswajeet Bora . Filmmaker Biswajeet Bora had long wanted to make a movie that transcends the rigidity of commercial cinema with something unusual and unique from the point of view of story and treatment . His highly engaging Aisa Yeh Jahaan created cinematic history when it became the country 's first carbon-neutral film . Its subject has a humanity that connected deeply to the audiences across the country , which makes film enthusiasts and fans , especially in Assam , all the more curious to see what Biswajeet has up his sleeve in his new project.But belying expectations , the Mumbai-based filmmaker , out to prove a point or two , returns with a lot of fire power in his belly to direct a full-fledged entertainer titled ` Bahniman ' . He has been quite keen to explore some new ideas in a commercial venture for some time now . This big-budget Assamese movie , produced by Barnali Hazarika under the banner of Santoshi Maa Production , is presently drawing a lot of media attention , and not without reason . Its shooting progressing at a hurried pace in various locations , Biswajeet Bora 's film is going to be a refreshing spin on the action genre , quite unlike anything seen here . He has got the technical expertise and acumen , having spent years in Mumbai , India 's entertainment hub , where he was fortunate enough to observe a lot of well-known filmmakers at work , including the renowned Jahnu Barua , whom he also assisted for close to six years . He has left nothing to chance here . All the technical aspects are being looked after and executed with a lot of precision and planning.The story of the film revolves around three childhood friends , lost to their own fates , only to re-emerge as fierce rivals . But soon they reunite to fight for the cause of their city which is controlled by mafia kingpin Kanu Sharma . Its about friendship , lost love and revenge.There 's no greater satisfaction to a filmmaker than being on a movie set , getting to work with talented people -- actors , actresses and the technicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13f735cb0e5b001e1b495f7e3b52e7b6", "text": "Bariwali Bariwali ( বাড়িওয়ালি , translation : The Landlady , English-language title : The Lady of the House ) is a Bengali film released in 2000 directed by Rituparno Ghosh . The film features Kirron Kher , Roopa Ganguly and Chiranjeet Chakraborty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a02255f3be774b1b7b666bd2649d8c19", "text": "Aryann Bhowmik Aryann Bhowmik is a Bengali film actor who is best known for his work in the 2011 Bengali film Chalo Paltai . His acting has made a mark in the Tollywood arena . Apart from films , Aryann has also made appearances in television and shows . His collaboration with renowned Bengali actor Prosenjit Chatterjee brought him into the limelight . His earlier name was Devdaan , which he changed to Aryann in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79e8f4b54ba6c68bfbf5e5bae5dabbd", "text": "Pardesi (1993 film) Pardesi is a 1993 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Raj N Sippy , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Varsha Usgaonkar , Shakti Kapoor , Sumalatha and Suresh Oberoi . Dialogues of this movie was highly appreciated written by Iqbal Durrani", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "592888dc0cf4aefc2688016192ef185a", "text": "Battle of Corinth (146 BC) The Battle of Corinth was a battle fought between the Roman Republic and the Greek city-state of Corinth and its allies in the Achaean League in 146 BC , which resulted in the complete and total destruction of Corinth . This battle marked the beginning of the period of Roman domination in Greek history .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "78a62c8efadb150e984cd5f925deddfc", "text": "Siege of Athens The Siege of Athens can refer to any of the following battles : Sack of Athens ( 480 BC ) - Amid which the Persians besieged a group of holdouts in the Acropolis Siege of Athens ( 404 BC ) - Last battle in the Peloponnesian War Siege of Athens ( 287 BC ) - Siege by Demetrius I of Macedon Siege of Athens and Piraeus ( 87 -- 86 BC ) - Siege by Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix during the First Mithridatic War Siege of the Acropolis ( 1402 -- 03 ) by Antonio I Acciaioli against Venice Siege of the Acropolis ( 1456 -- 58 ) by the Ottomans against the Latin Duchy of Athens Siege of the Acropolis ( 1687 ) by the Venetians against the Ottomans , during the Morean War Siege of the Acropolis ( 1821 -- 22 ) by the Greeks against the Ottomans , during the Greek War of Independence Siege of the Acropolis ( 1826 -- 27 ) by the Ottomans against the Greeks , during the Greek War of Independence", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f120584ac3116da20ac080036d9a912", "text": "Battle of Lemnos (1024) The Battle of Lemnos in 1024 was the culmination of a raid by Kievan Rus ' troops through the Dardanelles and into the Aegean Sea . It was the penultimate conflict between the Byzantine Empire and the Rus ' . The only source for the conflict is the history of John Skylitzes . According to Skylitzes , in 1024 a Rus ' leader named Chrysocheir assembled 800 men and sailed to Constantinople , aiming to enlist in the Varangian Guard of Emperor Basil II ( r. 976 -- 1025 ) . This Chrysocheir was a relative of the late Kievan prince Vladimir of Kiev , who had married the Emperor 's sister Anna . His real name is unknown , and `` Chrysocheir '' is most likely a Greek translation of his name , meaning `` gold-hand '' . Blondal proposed that it derived either from Old Norse Auđmundr , or from Old English Eadmund . At Constantinople , Chrysocheir and his men were asked to surrender their weapons before being allowed into the city to enlist . The Rus ' refused , and instead sailed south through the Propontis . The commander of the Dardanelles straits at Abydos tried to block their path , but they defeated him and sailed through the straits to the Aegean Sea . They then made for the island of Lemnos , where they were confronted by a much stronger Byzantine fleet , comprising the forces of the strategos of Samos David of Ohrid , the fleet of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme , and the troops of the doux of Thessalonica , Nikephoros Kabasilas . The Byzantine commanders initially pretended that they wanted to negotiate , so that the Rus ' were lulled into false security . Then the Byzantines fell upon them suddenly and killed them all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2202b35a6eeeb8e462aca41bd2ec6d92", "text": "Battle of Constantinople (1147) The Battle of Constantinople in 1147 was a large-scale clash between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the German crusaders of the Second Crusade , led by Conrad III of Germany , fought on the outskirts of the Byzantine capital , Constantinople . The Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos was deeply concerned by the presence of a large and unruly army in the immediate vicinity of his capital and of the unfriendly attitude of its leaders . A similarly sized French crusader army was also approaching Constantinople , and the possibility of the two armies combining at the city was viewed with great alarm by Manuel . Following earlier armed clashes with the crusaders , and perceived insults from Conrad , Manuel arrayed some of his forces outside the walls of Constantinople . A part of the German army then attacked and was heavily defeated . Following this defeat the crusaders agreed to be quickly ferried across the Bosporus to Asia Minor . Though limited in its strategic importance , the battle is significant in being a rare instance where Byzantine tactical dispositions are described in detail in the primary sources of the period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c4db263a8c2587a9c4582465e45132b", "text": "Callistratus of Aphidnae Callistratus of Aphidnae ( Καλλίστρατος Kallistratos ; died 350s BC ) was an Athenian orator and general in the 4th century BCE . For many years , as prostates , he supported Spartan interests at Athens , recognizing that Thebes posed a greater threat to Athens . In 371 BC he was one of the crafters of the peace treaty between Athens and Sparta which recognized the hegemony of Athens on the sea and that of Sparta on land . On account of the refusal of the Thebans to surrender Oropus , which on his advice they had been allowed to occupy temporarily , Callistratus , despite his magnificent defence ( which , according to a later legend , so impressed Demosthenes that he resolved to study oratory ) , was condemned to death in 361 BC . He fled to Methone in Macedonia , where he was accommodated by King Perdiccas III who drew on his financial expertise . Later , he founded the city of Krenides or Daton with a group of colonists from Thasos . After the takeover of the area by Philip II of Macedon , he took refuge in Byzantium . Upon his return to Athens in the 350s he was executed . Following an uncertain suggestion made by Arnold Schaefer in the nineteenth century , a date of death of 355 has often been repeated . However , Isocrates in his On the Peace ( 24 ) , written near the end of the Social War in 355 , seems to know nothing of his return to Athens , and there is no reason why it could not have taken place after the end of the war . On the other hand , Lycurgus ' Against Leocrates ( 93 ) speaks of Callistratus ' death as an event remembered by the older generation but known only by report to the younger generation , so that it can not be dated after 350 . He was an author of several reforms , notably with the Athenian fiscal administration , and forced the allies of Athens to pay contributions ( syntaxeis ) for taking part in the war effort . See Xenophon , Hellenica , iii . 3 , vi . 2 ; and Lycurgus , In Leocr . 93 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b72d97ffc4b64a444acea5eb2948cbc", "text": "Grabus Grabus ( ruled c. 437 -- 423 BC ) was an Illyrian king of the Taulantii State . Grabus played an important part in the battle for Durrës between Corinth and Corcyra , which each claiming to be the `` mother city '' ( metropolis ) , in 437 BC which sparked off the Pelopponesian War . Grabus became an ally of Athens at the time against Corinth . The Taulantii State under Grabus was centred in the Myzeqe plain in what is now central Albania which bordered the Greek colony of Durrës . At that time , Durrës was governed by a tight oligarchy that appointed a ruling magistrate . Tradesmen and craftsmen were excluded from power until internal strife produced a more democratic government . In 437 BC , the aristocrats were banished by the democrats and gained protection and looked for assistance from Grabus . Because of its fear of the power of the Taulantii State , Durrës firstly appealed to Corcyra which refused to help its citizens and then was able to enlist the help of Corinth . The banished aristocrats and Grabus found support in democratic Corcyra and Grabus became an ally of Athens . In 435 BC , the Corinthian fleet set out for Corcyra and Durrës , but in 433 BC it was destroyed by the Corcyrian fleet at Actium of Anactorium in the Battle of Sybota . Meanwhile , another Corcyrian fleet broke the siege of Durrës , which Grabus had attacked . The surrender of the democrats in Durrës enabled Grabus to gain economic control of the city . The alliance that Grabus made with Corcyra strengthened the position of the Taulantii State and hence it began to get actively involved in the affairs of the Greek colonies in Illyria and of its neighbours , especially that of Macedonia . Grabos was the son of Grabus who would later clash with the Macedonian king Philip II in 356 BC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "096a22f6823b414047a80f726c34d237", "text": "Battle of Pliska The Battle of Pliska or Battle of Vărbitsa Pass was a series of battles between troops , gathered from all parts of the Byzantine Empire , led by the Emperor Nicephorus I Genik , and Bulgaria , governed by Khan Krum . The Byzantines plundered and burned the Bulgar capital Pliska which gave time for the Bulgarians to block passes in the Balkan Mountains that served as exits out of Bulgaria . The final battle took place on 26 July 811 , in some of the passes in the eastern part of the Balkans , most probably the Vărbitsa Pass . There , the Bulgarians used the tactics of ambush and surprise night attacks to effectively trap and immobilize the Byzantine forces , thus annihilating almost the whole army , including the Emperor . After the battle , Krum encased Nicephorus 's skull in silver , and used it as a cup for wine-drinking . This is one of the best documented instances of the custom of the skull cup . The Battle of Pliska was one of the worst defeats in Byzantine history . It deterred Byzantine rulers from sending their troops north of the Balkans for more than 150 years afterwards , which increased the influence and spread of the Bulgarians to the west and south of the Balkan Peninsula , resulting in a great territorial enlargement of the First Bulgarian Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608e645ce002e6da974fa62cb84ef5bd", "text": "Eurybus of Athens Eurybus of Athens was an ancient Greek athlete listed by Eusebius of Caesarea as a victor in the stadion race of the 27th Olympiad ( 672 BC ) . His name is also referred as Eurybates or Eurybotos and possibly Eurybotas elsewhere in Pausanias , both of the latter two have been anglicised to `` Eurybotus '' by editors , although elsewhere the distinction is preserved . He was the second winner from Athens preceded only by Pantacles . Eurybus was quite possibly the noted discobole Eurybotas depicted on the Chest of Cypselus , which was left as a votive offering at Olympia and was still visible there centuries later and subject to a detailed description by Pausanias . He does not explicitly say that this discus-thrower Eurybotas is the same as the runner Eurybotos ; however , the transcriptions of named personages on the chest as given by Pausanias show Doricisms and traces of having been rendered in the epichoric Corinthian alphabet . Pausanias reports a legend that the infant Cypselus was hidden in the chest during an assassination attempt and later took his name from it ( as the Corinthians called these chests kypselai ) ; however , Cypselus 's childhood ( he died in 627 BC after a thirty-year reign begun when fully adult ) coincides with the known date of Eurybatos ' stadion victory . But Pausanius does not explicitly connect them , saying merely that whoever Eurybotas is , he is throwing the discus . Frazer compares Pausanias description of the chest to extant examples of Corinthian art and dates the chest to the 7th-early 6th century BCE . The depiction is one of the earliest known of a genre that would later be adapted to statuary , the most famous of which is the Discobolus of Myron and its copies . Dionysius of Halicarnassus calls the race-winner Eurybates , says that the contemporaneous eponymous archon at Athens was Leostratus , and uses his Olympic victory to date the accession of Tullus Hostilius as King of Rome after the death of Numa Pompilius .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc0eec2a1920300cebf74f50d8e639d8", "text": "Battle of Coronea (447 BC) The Battle of Coronea ( also known as the First Battle of Coronea ) took place between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Boeotian League in 447 BC during the First Peloponnesian War . In 457 BC the Athenians had taken control of Boeotia at the Battle of Oenophyta , and spent the next ten years attempting to consolidate the League 's power . In 454 BC Athens lost a fleet attempting to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia ; fearing revolts by the other members of the Delian League , Athens moved the treasury to their city from Delos in 453 BC , and signed the Peace of Callias with Persia around 450 BC . The Delian League was essentially an Athenian empire , and while Athens was usually successful at holding their possessions in the Aegean Sea , they were less successful on land . By 447 BC some of the men exiled from Boeotia after the Athenian victory there in 457 had returned home and began to take back some of the Boeotian towns . The Athenians under Tolmides , with 1,000 hoplites plus other troops from their allies , marched into Boeotia to take back the recaptured towns . They captured Chaeronea , but were attacked and defeated by the Boeotians at Coronea . The Athenians were forced to give up control of Boeotia . Boeotia was allowed to leave the Delian League in return for allowing the Athenians to leave Boeotia safely . The defeat led to revolts on Euboea and in Megara , which in turn led to further conflict with Sparta , contributing to the Peloponnesian War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d952862182fbefbaeeef6039de8b5d0", "text": "Battle of Boulgarophygon The Battle of Boulgarophygon or Battle of Bulgarophygon ( Битка при Булгарофигон or Битка при Българофигон ) was fought in the summer of 896 near the town of Bulgarophygon , modern Babaeski in Turkey , between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire . The result was an annihilation of the Byzantine army which determined the Bulgarian victory in the trade war of 894 -- 896 . Despite the initial difficulties in the war against the Magyars , who acted as Byzantine allies , the battle of Boulgarophygon proved to be the first decisive victory of the young and ambitious Bulgarian ruler Simeon I against the Byzantine Empire . Simeon would go on to inflict a number of defeats on the Byzantines in pursuit of his ultimate goal , the throne in Constantinople . The peace treaty that was signed as a result of the battle confirmed the Bulgarian domination in the Balkans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f782ef39316319b51f1032d726b8944", "text": "Battle of Thebes The Battle of Thebes was a battle that took place between Alexander the Great and the Greek city state of Thebes in 335 BC immediately outside of and in the city proper in Boeotia . After being made Hegemon of the League of Corinth , Alexander had marched to the north to deal with revolts in Illyria and Thrace , which forced him to draw heavily from the troops in Macedonia that was maintaining pressure on the Greek city-states of the south to keep them in subjection . Although Alexander did not desire to destroy Thebes , after sending several embassies requesting their submission on what he considered merciful terms , he eventually decided to destroy the city as an example to others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b757de9d86ec66906cd75e10c34b20e9", "text": "Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth The Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth took place in 481 BC , under the presidency of Sparta , and brought together a number of the Greek city states . The Congress agreed to the end of the war between Athens and Aegina . The Congress also discussed the threat from the Persians . Athens was unwilling to place her forces under Sparta and its King Leonidas . Gelon , tyrant of Syracuse wanted high command , but Sparta and Athens refused . However , during the Congress , Gelon had to withdraw due to Carthage 's plans to invade Sicily . Finally , Athenian archon and political leader , Themistocles , agreed that Athens ' navy serve under a Spartan admiral to achieve the unity of the Greek states . In an environment where the Greeks were continually breaking into factions within cities and creating rivalries between cities , Themistocles actions were advanced and far-sighted . Nevertheless , Thebes and Thessaly were unwilling to support Athens against the Persians , and Crete decided to remain neutral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad544b0ec3de63393482a8d503014c49", "text": "Spartan hegemony The polis of Sparta was the greatest military land power of classical Greek antiquity . During the classical period , Sparta governed , dominated or influenced the entire Peloponnese . Additionally , the defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431-404 BC resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the Greek world from 404 to 371 BC . Due to their mistrust of others , Spartans discouraged the creation of records about their internal affairs . The only histories of Sparta are from the writings of Xenophon , Thucydides , Herodotus and Plutarch , none of whom were Spartans . Plutarch was writing several centuries after the period of Spartan hegemony had ceased . This creates difficulties in understanding the Spartan political system , which was distinctly different from any other Greek polis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6cd18dcbaf91811d93a37ea942e5e11", "text": "Battle of Issus (disambiguation) Battle of Issus may refer to : Battle of Issus ( or ` The Battle at Issus ' ) ( 333 BC ) , a battle in which Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia . Battle of Issus ( 194 ) , the third major battle fought between Roman Emperor Septimius Severus and his rival Pescennius Niger . Battle of Issus ( 622 ) ( or ` Third Battle of Issus ' ) , a name sometimes used in older sources for an alleged battle between Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius and the Sassanid Empire at Issus during the emperor 's 622 campaign . Modern scholarly sources place it in Cappadocia instead . The first of these battles is the subject of two notable artworks , and in the context of art it is usually referred to as the Battle of Alexander at Issus or simply the Battle of Alexander . The Alexander Mosaic of Pompeii depicts a battle between Alexander and Darius . It is commonly believed to be the battle of Issus rather than the Battle of Gaugamela , another in which Darius was Alexander 's adversary . The Battle of Alexander at Issus ( 1528 -- 9 ) by Albrecht Altdorfer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2004247a29f5674a10070330fc0fc95", "text": "Samnite Wars The First , Second , and Third Samnite Wars ( 343 -- 341 BC , 326 -- 304 BC and 298 -- 290 BC ) were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites , who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains to the south of Rome and the north of the Lucanians . The first of these wars was the result of Rome 's intervening to rescue the Campanian city of Capua from a Samnite attack . The second one was the result of Rome 's intervention in the politics of the city of Naples and developed into a contest over the control of much of central and southern Italy . The third war also involved a struggle over the control of this part of Italy . The wars extended over half a century and the peoples to the east , north and west of Samnium ( land of the Samnites ) as well as the peoples of central Italy north of Rome ( the Etruscans , Umbrians and Picenti ) and the Senone Gauls got involved to various degrees and at various points in time . The Samnites were one of early Rome 's most formidable rivals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d78cf5aafc41890de2920f2b5dc679de", "text": "First Sacred War The First Sacred War or Cirraean war , was fought between the Amphictyonic League of Delphi and the city of Kirrha . In the beginning of the 6th century B.C. the attempt of the Pylaeo-Delphic Amphictyony , controlled by the Thessalians , to take hold of the Sacred Land ( or Kirrhaean Plain ) of Apollo ended up in this war . Its end was marked by the organization of the first Pythian Games . The conflict arose due to Kirrha 's frequent robbery and mistreatment of pilgrims going to Delphi and their encroachments upon Delphic land . The war resulted in the defeat and destruction of Kirrha . The war is notable for the use of chemical warfare at the Siege of Kirrha , in the form of hellebore being used to poison the city 's water supply .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1714fa4f0ab61c8ce291f596b4a3aaf", "text": "Korkyra (polis) Korkyra ( also Corcyra , Κόρκυρα ) was an ancient illyrian city on the island of Corfu in the Ionian sea , adjacent to Epirus . It was a colony of Corinth , founded in the archaic period . According to Thucydides , the earliest recorded naval battle took place between Korkyra and Corinth , roughly 260 years before he was writing - and thus in the middle of the seventh century BC . The antagonism between Korkyra and its mother city Corinth appears to have been an old one . Quite apart from the naval battle Thucydides talks of , Herodotus records a myth involving the tyrant of Corinth , Periander . Periander was estranged from his younger son , Lycophron , who believed that his father had killed his mother Milissa . After failing to reconcile with Lycophron , he sent him to Korkyra , then within Corinth 's governance . In his old age , Periander sent for his son to come and rule over Corinth , suggesting that they would trade places and he would rule Korkyra while his son came to rule Corinth . To prevent this , the Korkyraeans killed Lycophron . In punishment , Periander captured 300 young men of Korkyra with the intention of castrating them . This is more likely to be a myth explaining the animosity between Corinth and Korkyra ( and justifying the use of the word tyrant for Periander 's rule ) than an actual historical event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6763234d0f74973d64bd3323600567d0", "text": "Greek National Awakening The concept and term `` National Awakening '' ( in Greek Εθνική αφύπνιση ) is used by many historians , intellectuals and lay authors to refer to the revival of the Greek national self-conscious , or modern Greek nationalism , which paved the way to the Greek Revolution of 1821 . Whereas most authors do not define the exact time-frame of this period , it is generally agreed that this awakening ( or revival ) occurred in the 18th century . According to the Greek historian Nikos Svoronos ( 1911-1989 ) , the period of the Greek National Awakening is 1715-1821 . The periodization of exhibits in the National Historical Museum of Athens sets the beginning of the Awakening era at 1670 . Other authors put the onset of this period in the mid 18th century . For example , a series of historical presentations by academic historians in the Greek State Television ( ERT ) , defined as `` National Awakening '' period the years 1750-1821 . The Greek -- as well as other Balkan nations ' -- awakening was generated by internal and external forces . Opposition to the Ottomans was the main internal impetus . The main external factor was the assistance from Russia , on the ground of the common religion and long historical bonds . Since the fall of Constantinople to the Turks , the Greek national aspirations for liberation were expressed in the form of popular oracle and prophecies , some of them alleging to the intervention of fair-haired people ( xanthon genos ) to help Greeks . In 1656 a prominent Greek clergyman interpreted the `` fair-haired people '' as the Russians . With the emergence of Russia as a big power in Eastern Europe , the Greek-Russian ties assumed a military and political dimension . Beginning with the 1711 Pruth Campaign , Peter the Great called for the cooperation of all Orthodox people under the Russian leadership , to fight for `` the belief and the fatherland '' . After this campaign , the sultan appointed Greek Phanariots as governors of the Ottoman vassal territories of Wallachia and Moldavia . The Phanariots introduced an enlighted reform in their principalities , and produced a line of educated Greek and Balkan scholars who contributed to the national awakening of their respective countries . The Greek communities in Russia , as well as in the Western and Central Europe , were also a key factor to the Greek awakening . After the Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji ( 1774 ) Russia assumed the role of protector of the Orthodox people subjects of the Ottoman Empire . After Peter the Great , Catherine II envisaged a `` Greek Project '' which involved a revival of a Greek state with Constantinople as capital , to be ruled by her grandson Constantine . The Russian expansionist policy greatly facilitated the modern Greek awakening , catalyzing key components such as military resistance , political activism , commercial growth , educational and cultural progress . Russia 's wars against the Ottoman Empire in 18th early 19th century ( 1711 , 1737 -- 39 , 1768 -- 74 , 1787 -- 92 , 1806 -- 12 ) , as well as the short-lived Russian occupation of the Ionian islands after the Napoleonic wars , nourished the Greek tradition of armed resistance to the Ottomans and helped Greeks to receive fighting experience . The most important Russian influenced revolutionary activities of the Greeks in 18th c. were the failed Orlov expedition in 1769-1770 and the Lambros Katsonis ' flotilla raids against the Turks in 1778-1792 . Other independence movements of the 18th century , were those of the Souli and Souliotes . Counter to the `` national awakening '' historiographic view is the one that emphasizes the importance of the French Revolution and Napoleon in the Greek and other Balkan national movements . Among the eminent works of this school in the 20th century are those of the Romanian historian N. Iorga ( 1934 ) and the Greeks A. Daskalakis ( 1937 ) , N. Moschopoulos ( 1939 ) and other subsequent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c4e9b43273761a8e49c9c85866a066a", "text": "Strategikon of Maurice The Strategikon or Strategicon is a manual of war traditionally regarded as written in the late 6th century and usually attributed to the Byzantine Emperor Maurice . It is moreover a practical manual , `` a rather modest elementary handbook '' in the words of its introduction , `` for those devoting themselves to generalship '' . This book gives a general guide , handbook , of the Byzantine military 's strategies . `` The Strategikon is written in a very straightforward and generally uncomplicated Greek . The translation has tried to render this in the same kind of English '' . The Strategikon may have been written in an effort to codify the military reforms brought about by the soldier-emperor Maurice . There is debate in academic circles as to the true author of the Strategikon . Maurice may have only commissioned it ; perhaps his brother Peter , or another general of his court , was the true author . The dating is also debated . If it was written in the 6th century , the Strategikon may have been produced to codify the experience of the Balkan and Persian campaigns , or the campaigns may have been carried out in compliance with the manual . However , starting in the late 19th century , some historians have argued for a later date in the eighth or ninth century , on philological or technological grounds . In any case , it is considered one of the most important military texts of the medieval years , along with the 10th century military treatises attributed to the Byzantine emperors Leo VI ( Tactica ) and Nicephorus Phocas ( De velitatione and Praecepta Militaria ) ; Leo 's Tactica in particular drew heavily from the Strategikon . The text consists of 12 chapters , or `` books '' , on various aspects of the tactics employed by the Byzantine military of the 6th and 7th century A.D. . It is primarily focused on cavalry tactics and formations , yet it also elaborates on matters of infantry , sieges , baggage trains , drilling and marching . Each book has a general topic to be discussed , and each book goes into great detail even separating each book further into subsections and including maps . These maps are not large an extravagant but more symbols to show positions and a standard design of the formations the Byzantine military used at this time . Books seven and eight contain practical advice to the General in the form of instructions and maxims . The eleventh book has ethnographic interest , with its portrayal of various Byzantine enemies ( Franks , Lombards , Avars , Turks , and Slavs ) . The Strategikon also belongs to Byzantine legal literature , since it contains a list of military infractions and their suitable penalties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb076286dcc78f7e82efd02a2f1dad1", "text": "Hellenization Hellenization or Hellenisation is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture and , to a lesser extent , language , over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence , particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC . The result of Hellenization was that elements of Greek origin combined in various forms and degrees with local elements ; these Greek influences spread from the Mediterranean basin as far east as modern-day Pakistan . In modern times , Hellenization has been associated with the adoption of modern Greek culture and the ethnic and cultural homogenization of Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b8cae1f3b933ebe8d6ed6db050d137", "text": "Marcus Minucius Rufus Marcus Minucius Rufus ( died August 2 , 216 BC ) was a Roman consul in 221 BC . He was also Magister Equitum during the dictatorship of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus known as Cunctator . He was a political enemy of Fabius Maximus . He was against his delaying defensive strategy during the Second Punic War . While the Carthaginians had been busy at Geronium , Fabius had left Minucius in charge of the Roman army with instructions to follow the `` Fabian strategy '' and journeyed to Rome to observe some religious duties . Minucius , who had always advocated a more forward strategy against Hannibal , moved down from the hills after a few days and set up a new camp in the plain of Larinum to the north of Geronium . The Romans then began harassing the Carthaginian foragers from their new camp as Minucius sought to provoke Hannibal into battle . Hannibal in response moved near the Roman camp from Geronium with two thirds of his army , built a temporary camp and occupied a hill overlooking the Roman camp with 2,000 Numidian spearmen . The mobility of the Carthaginians was restricted at this time as their cavalry horses were being rested . This had also deprived Hannibal of his best weapon against the Romans , a fact which would come into play soon . Minucius promptly attacked and drove back the spearmen posted on the hill , and then moved his camp to the top of the captured hill . The stage was set for a confrontation , with the initiative resting with Minucius . The Roman commander , for all his rashness , handled the situation with skill and shrewdness to manipulate the events to his advantage . After that he was named co-commander to Fabius . However Minucius finally accepted his commands after Fabius saved his life during Hannibal 's attack at Gerontium . Marcus Minucius Rufus was killed in the Battle of Cannae .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "891051377b369d9c365f265cbaa7878d", "text": "Avril Lavigne Avril Ramona Lavigne ( -LSB- ˈævrɪl_ləˈviːn -RSB- -LSB- avʁil laviɲ -RSB- ) ( born 27 September 1984 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress . By the age of 15 , she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain ; by 16 , she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $ 2 million . In 2002 she released her debut album , Let Go , emphasising a skate punk persona in which she has been often referred by critics and music publications as The `` Pop Punk Queen '' due to her achievement and impact in the industry . Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven punk-influenced pop music . Since her professional debut , Lavigne has sold more than 40 million albums and over 50 million singles worldwide making her the 2nd best selling Canadian Female Artist of all time , only behind Celine Dion . Let Go made Lavigne the youngest female soloist to reach number 1 in the UK . As of 2013 , it has sold nearly 7 million copies in the United States and over 20 million copies worldwide . Her breakthrough single , `` Complicated '' , peaked at number 1 in many countries around the world , as did the album Let Go . Her second studio album , Under My Skin , was released in May 2004 and was her first album to peak at number 1 on the US Billboard 200 , eventually selling more than 12 million copies worldwide . The Best Damn Thing , Lavigne 's third album , was released in April 2007 , becoming her third number 1 album in the UK Albums Chart and featuring her first US Billboard Hot 100 number 1 single , `` Girlfriend '' . Lavigne has scored six number-one singles worldwide , including `` Complicated '' , `` Sk8er Boi '' , `` I 'm with You '' , `` My Happy Ending '' , `` Nobody 's Home '' , and `` Girlfriend '' . Lavigne is one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the US , with over 12 million copies certified by the RIAA . Her fourth studio album , Goodbye Lullaby , was released in March 2011 . Goodbye Lullaby gave Lavigne her fourth top 10 album on the US Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart and her third number 1 album in both Japan and Australia . Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby , Lavigne began work on her eponymously titled fifth studio album , which was released by Epic Records on 1 November 2013 following her departure from RCA Records in 2011 . Lavigne took a break from recording music , pursuing careers in feature film acting and designing clothes and perfumes . She voiced Heather , a Virginia opossum , in the animated film Over the Hedge in 2006 . That same year , she made her on-screen feature film debut in Fast Food Nation . In 2008 , Lavigne introduced her clothing line , Abbey Dawn , and in 2009 she released her first perfume , Black Star , which was followed by Forbidden Rose in 2010 , and Wild Rose in 2011 . In July 2006 , Lavigne married her boyfriend of two years , Deryck Whibley , lead singer and guitarist for Sum 41 . The marriage lasted four years . In October 2009 , Lavigne filed for divorce . Whibley and Lavigne continued to work together , with Whibley producing her fourth album , as well as Lavigne 's single `` Alice '' , written for Tim Burton 's film Alice in Wonderland .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4cf5d455f8090060b096066d79d67545", "text": "Too Low for Zero Tour In the early spring of 1984 , Elton John set out to tour Australia in promotion of Too Low for Zero . Although the album was released in May 1983 , this was the only live promotion the album received . Elton and the band performed three shows in New Zealand before performing nineteen shows in Australia and two shows in Hong Kong . Ticket sales were phenomenal - most of the concerts were sold out , breaking all previous records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "881b64c6a8087a6c6f97a69ae128df9e", "text": "I Always Get What I Want `` I Always Get What I Want '' is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne , written by herself and Clif Magness for her second studio album , Under My Skin ( 2004 ) . The track was released digitally on May 24 , 2004 by Arista Records as a promotional tool for the album , which was released on the next day . The song was re-released on November 4 , 2004 as the B-side of album 's third single , `` Nobody 's Home '' . It was also featured in the film The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement , whose soundtrack was released on August 3 , 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9db23fada32ba39ccd1b7e44709e3a", "text": "Zeroed Out Zeroed Out is the debut album by Seattle , Washington band The Cunninghams . Described as power-pop or pop-punk , The Cunninghams made one album , Zeroed Out which was released in 1997 via Revolution Records/Warner Bros. . Records . Members included Seven Pearson , Eric Craig , Scott Bickham , Eliot Freed and Johnny Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced19a54e34ed4feaaba840973bde1a5", "text": "Nobody's Fool Nobody 's Fool ( s ) may refer to : In film , television and fiction : Nobody 's Fool ( 1936 film ) , a film starring Glenda Farrell Nobody 's Fool ( 1986 film ) , a film starring Rosanna Arquette and Eric Roberts Nobody 's Fool ( 1994 film ) , a film starring Paul Newman Nobody 's Fool ( novel ) , a novel by Richard Russo , basis for the 1994 film `` Nobody 's Fool '' , an episode of the 2003 TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles In music : Nobody 's Fools , an album by Slade `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Slade song ) , the title song from the album `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Cinderella song ) , 1986 `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Kenny Loggins song ) , theme from the 1988 film Caddyshack II `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Haircut One Hundred song ) , 1982 `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Richie Furay song ) from the Poco album , Pickin ' Up the Pieces Nobody 's Fool , an unreleased album by Edwin `` Lil ' Eddie '' Serrano Nobody 's Fool , an album by Norman Wisdom `` Nobody 's Fool '' , a song by Avril Lavigne from Let Go `` Nobody 's Fool '' , a song by Blackhawk from Love & Gravity", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2da40c1bae70d54841f9e9edde516b4", "text": "The Love Album The Love Album may refer to : The Love Album ( John Hartford album ) , 1968 The Love Album ( Bobby Vinton album ) , 1971 compilation album The Love Album ( Shirley Bassey album ) , 1990 compilation album The Love Album ( Doris Day album ) , 1994 The Love Album ( Westlife album ) , 2006 The Love Tour , a 2007 tour by Westlife in support of the album", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f418ca45dc90a0eea44be953cb79164", "text": "Zero Church Zero Church is a 2002 album by sisters Suzzy and Maggie Roche , formerly of the Roches . It was originally scheduled for release on September 11 , 2001 , but this was delayed until about 4 months later due to the September 11 attacks . It consists of songs made out of prayers the Roche sisters heard while taking part in a Harvard University arts collaborative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dde53b1e953e1fc72e83a63861d73f28", "text": "Dirty Sexy Knights in Paris Dirty Sexy Knights in Paris is the only major label album by alternative rock band Audiovent . It was released in 2002 on Atlantic Records . The album had two singles , `` The Energy '' and `` Looking Down '' . Audiovent toured with Saliva and Theory of a Deadman in promotion of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de227dd07e3029b39997088db5a3ad1b", "text": "Matisse (singer) Brittany Smith , better known by her stage name Matisse , is an American actress , model , singer , and songwriter . She was best known for being part of the duo Brit & Alex ( with twin sister Alex ) , until their breakup in 2009 . Matisse is currently signed to Jive Records . On October 7 , 2011 labels such as J Records and Arista were sold to Sony 's Flagship Label and all artists such as P!nk and Avril Lavigne were merged to sign to RCA Records and other affiliated Sony Music Labels . Matisse was merged to sign to RCA as of 2011 ; she is currently with Interscope , but no longer with the now-defunct Jive Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2989c48d10d089587222db2a41f5b102", "text": "Zero Point Zero Zero Point Zero is the first studio album by the rock band Desario . It was released in 2009 on Darla Records . The album drew comparisons with Franz Ferdinand , Vampire Weekend , The Replacements , and the Smoking Popes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429a3dff5ca1cdbb2b5f99e67cc2d969", "text": "Univers Zen ou de zéro à zéro Univers Zen ou de zéro à zéro is an album by Acid Mothers Temple & The Melting Paraiso U.F.O. , released in 2002 by Fractal Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47668317243484497af3750218ff8f45", "text": "Avatar Records Avatar Records is an independent record label and management company founded by Larry Robinson with offices in Los Angeles and London , England . The company was founded in 1987 in the garage of his family home in South Los Angeles . Projects released on Avatar include The Oz Soundtrack , Planet Asia , Fear of a Black Hat Soundtrack , Bishop Don Magic Juan , the NVA Straight from the Crates compilation , the soundtrack to the television show Girlfriends , and others . Avatar has digitally distributed over three hundred record labels with songs by artists including Anya Marina , Metallica , Bruce Springsteen , Wu-Tang Clan , Mary J. Blige , Amy Winehouse , Erykah Badu , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f9df72519b5c374c21dfed52cf523cb", "text": "Violator: The Album, V2.0 Violator : The Album , V2 .0 is the second and final installment in the Violator series . The album was released on July 24 , 2001 as a joint release by Violator and Loud Records and featured production from such producers as The Neptunes , Irv Gotti , Swizz Beatz and Just Blaze . Though not as successful as the original , V2 .0 was another success , making it to # 10 on the Billboard 200 and # 5 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53990c93af06c2ed35f29ba5d2be5be4", "text": "Viva Hate Viva Hate is the debut solo studio album by English musician Morrissey . It was released on 14 March 1988 by record label HMV , six months after the final album by Morrissey 's band The Smiths , Strangeways , Here We Come .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c1dcc95d3d298c01e8143891b388d7", "text": "Imagination (La Toya Jackson album) Imagination is the fourth studio album by American singer La Toya Jackson . The album was released on June 19 , 1986 by Private-I Records ( an extension of Columbia Records ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d683497bb8dfa74fc87dc805485fa4", "text": "De Película (Gloria Trevi album) De Película is the ninth studio album by Mexican singer Gloria Trevi . It was released on 24 September 2013 through Universal Music Group . The album produced five singles , two of which were used in Trevi 's 2012 telenovela Libre Para Amarte .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48975f98f38d0b39034279c9eb87dfe4", "text": "F Communications F Communications , also known as FCom , is a French record label based in Paris . It was founded in 1994 by Eric Morand and Laurent Garnier . It produces dance and electronic music like Avril , Laurent Garnier , and Mr. Oizo amongst many others . The most notable releases include albums `` Shot in the Dark '' by Laurent Garnier and `` Boulevard '' by Saint Germain . As of November 21 , 2008 , F Communications has gone on hiatus from releasing music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d19d2a7c9b26ddaa72c65d35c1d2aa90", "text": "All in Love All in Love is the seventh solo studio album release by American country music singer , Marie Osmond . It was her third album release for Curb/Capitol records and was issued in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e62c44268629ae1d8fee02ef3da9aa", "text": "The Electric Lady The Electric Lady is the third studio album by American recording artist Janelle Monáe , released on September 6 , 2013 by Wondaland Arts Society and Bad Boy Records . It is the follow up to her critically acclaimed debut studio album , The ArchAndroid ( 2010 ) , and likewise , received universal acclaim from music critics . This album serves as the fourth and fifth installments of her seven-part Metropolis concept series . Musically , The Electric Lady incorporates influences of hip hop soul , funk , gospel , jazz and rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ebea77d0ef34c9d96b8cd0f5e99eae2", "text": "MTV Unplugged (Thirty Seconds to Mars EP) MTV Unplugged is an extended play ( EP ) and live album by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars , released in the United States on August 19 , 2011 by Virgin Records . It features an acoustic performance taped at Sony Music Studios in New York City on May 13 of that year for the television series MTV Unplugged . The show 's purpose is to present name artists , and feature them stripped of studio equipment . The performance was accompanied by musicians from the Vitamin String Quartet , a gospel choir and included the contribution of the band 's fans . The extended play includes rearranged versions of three songs extracted from Thirty Seconds to Mars ' third studio album , This Is War ( 2009 ) , and a cover version of a song by U2 . Upon release , MTV Unplugged received universal acclaim from music critics , many of whom complimented the band 's musicianship and the album 's production . Commercially , it debuted at number 76 on the Billboard 200 and experienced moderate success in some international markets .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f38f41f41cd3e232a687b9a4ed12c196", "text": "50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing . The film stars Adam Sandler as a lothario veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac , along with Rob Schneider , Sean Astin , Lusia Strus , Blake Clark , and Dan Aykroyd . Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu , Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore . Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award . The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore 's character , Goldfield 's Syndrome , is similar to short term memory loss and anterograde amnesia . The 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham is inspired by 50 First Dates .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "818a539d95f9a9735a37ca6dd6852731", "text": "The First Measured Century The First Measured Century : The Other Way of Looking at American History is a three-hour PBS documentary film hosted by Ben J. Wattenberg . The film was produced for PBS by BJW , Inc. and New River Media , Inc. and was first broadcast in December 2000 . The film traces American history during the 20th century through a sequence of vignettes of pioneering social scientists who used numerical tools to examine America . The film mixes archival footage , archival still photography and artwork , interviews with contemporary experts , graphical animations of statistical trends , and on-camera narrative appearances by the host . Information from Middletown IV , a 1999 replication of Middletown studies of Muncie , Indiana first begun by Robert and Helen Lynd in 1924 , is included in the film and companion volume .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f6daf652e91b4370c96f0178c79b4f", "text": "A Woman of Distinction A Woman of Distinction is a 1950 romantic comedy film directed by Edward Buzzell . It stars Rosalind Russell and Ray Milland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a42f49632a13d7a3a43e77b28fa07e9", "text": "Sex Ed (film) Sex Ed is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Isaac Feder and written by Bill Kennedy . The film stars Haley Joel Osment , Lorenza Izzo , Laura Harring , Abby Elliott , Glen Powell , Retta , and Matt Walsh . Sex Ed premiered at the Portland Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released in theaters on November 7 , 2014 , by MarVista Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f66dc4bbf42bfb02df1c06a93d33dbf", "text": "Peter Segal Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal Peter Segal ( born 1962 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor . Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy ( 1995 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Nutty Professor II : The Klumps ( 2000 ) , Anger Management ( 2003 ) , 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ff03665db82043f82dd5b20c652f94", "text": "Divorce American Style Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke , Debbie Reynolds , Jean Simmons , Jason Robards and Van Johnson . Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman . It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems , and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony . The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73b779fe76f7d7ad79a83b59ee645d3", "text": "I Know You `` I Know You '' is a song recorded by American recording artist and songwriter Skylar Grey for the soundtrack to the film Fifty Shades of Grey ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Grey and Canadian composer/producer Stephan Moccio and was co-produced by Moccio and Dan Heath . It was released as the second promotional single from the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack on February 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ad7c78fdda7df771d0bb5c91fcd15d", "text": "50's Prime Time Café The 50 's Prime Time Café is a restaurant at Disney 's Hollywood Studios , one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World . The restaurant replicates the kitsch of a 1950s diner . The waitresses dress similarly to Leave It to Beaver character June Cleaver , and each acts as though she is the mother of the guests she is serving . While eating , guests watch 1950s television shows such as Leave It to Beaver and Topper on black-and-white televisions . Menu items include chicken pot pie , pot roast , fried chicken , meatloaf , and milkshakes . The 50 's Prime Time Café opened in 1989 . Two years later , another theme restaurant opened at the park : the Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant ; the 50 's Prime Time Café had garnered much success , and Disney hoped that another restaurant that had a strong emphasis on theme would have a similar level of success . The Sci-Fi Dine-In initially received little interest , but , within five weeks of opening , it was serving between 1,500 and 2,000 meals on a daily basis , just as the 50 's Prime Time Café was doing . These restaurants are two of the four in the park that offer table service , the others being the Hollywood Brown Derby and Mama Melrose 's Ristorante Italiano . In the book Walt Disney World Resort : Also Includes Seaworld and Central Florida , Corey Sandler writes that the 50 's Prime Time Café ties with the Beaches and Cream Soda Shop at Disney 's Beach Club Resort for the best milkshakes in Walt Disney World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505535e2adc60b968e3ff17037c51a4a", "text": "50 (number) 50 ( fifty ) is the natural number following 49 and preceding 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3731d71b93352501a35fc31c7a51f1f8", "text": "The First Family (album) The First Family is a comedy album recorded on October 22 , 1962 , as a good-natured parody of President John F. Kennedy , both as Commander-in-Chief and as a member of a large , well-known political family . Issued by Cadence Records , it was honored as the `` largest and fastest selling record in the history of the record industry '' selling at more than a million copies per week for the first six and one-half weeks in distribution , by January it had sold more than 7 million copies . Cadence president Archie Bleyer credited the album 's success to radio airplay . By time of the release of The First Family - Volume Two , the sequel , it had sold 7.5 million copies -- unprecedented for any album at the time , let alone a comedy album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a774a4117bd87d0f28b411cec1070a", "text": "Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d4e55587c1fe55b149a2e5eee939aaf", "text": "First Date (musical) First Date is a musical with a book by Austin Winsberg and music and lyrics by Alan Zachary and Michael Weiner . Based around the concept of a blind date , the musical made its world premiere during 2012 at Seattle 's ACT Theatre in a 5th Avenue Theatre co-production and made its Broadway debut August 8 , 2013 at the Longacre Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "809db13198a6e148d521c7e60d87ec51", "text": "Margot Kidder Margaret Ruth `` Margot '' Kidder ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is a Canadian American actress and activist . She rose to fame in 1978 for her role as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , opposite Christopher Reeve . Kidder began her career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx ( 1970 ) . She then appeared playing Siamese twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters ( 1973 ) ; in the slasher film Black Christmas ( 1974 ) ; and the drama The Great Waldo Pepper ( 1975 ) , opposite Robert Redford . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) gained her further mainstream exposure . After a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 , Kidder 's career began to slow . By the 2000s , however , she had maintained steady work in independent films as well as television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters , and The L Word . In 2015 , she won an Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour . She has also acted in theatrical productions , most notably appearing on Broadway in a 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues . In 2005 , Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen . She is an outspoken political , environmental , and anti-war activist . She has also advocated the use of orthomolecular medicine , which she credits as having helped treat her bipolar disorder .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d0739ad65758985b15c7e3f42bb8039", "text": "Red Rover (film) Red Rover ( also known as The Haunting Within ) is a 2003 horror / thriller film directed by Marc S. Grenier . It is about two siblings played by William Baldwin and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe who travel to their families old , ancestral estate upon the death of their father . They soon find out the hard way about their family 's ancient secret of witchcraft and the occult .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adca57a33d532db257aee7a8bb127ff9", "text": "Proxy (film) Proxy is a 2013 American horror film directed by Zack Parker . The movie had its world premiere on September 10 , 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival . It stars Alexia Rasmussen as a pregnant young woman who joins a support group after she miscarries due to a vicious attack . The filmmakers describe Proxy as a spiritual successor to the horror film Rosemary 's Baby , and its main character Esther Woodhouse is named after the earlier film 's protagonist Rosemary Woodhouse . Film rights to Proxy were picked up by IFC Midnight shortly after its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5db3215c00e274f85e7b4dfb2e20685", "text": "Bop Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Bop Gun '' is the second season premiere of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street , and the tenth overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 6 , 1994 . In the episode , the Baltimore homicide unit investigates the shooting death of the wife of a tourist , played by guest star Robin Williams . The episode was written by David Mills and David Simon based on a story by executive producer Tom Fontana , and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal . In response to network feedback and poor ratings from the first season , `` Bop Gun '' marked several changes in the series , including a less bleak visual style and a greater focus on one plot , rather than multiple subplots . It was also the first episode to focus primarily on a homicide victim , rather than on the detectives . Simon felt the dialogue was realistic , especially that of the dark humor employed by detectives as a coping mechanism for dealing with the horrors of the job . Williams previously worked with Homicide executive producer Barry Levinson on the films Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) and Toys ( 1992 ) . This led to speculation that Williams took the role on `` Bop Gun '' as a favor to Levinson , but the actor insisted it was out of admiration for the series itself . A young Jake Gyllenhaal , the son of the episode 's director , makes an appearance as Williams ' son . The episode was the first to feature Chris Tergesen as music coordinator , which resulted in the use of more songs than previous episodes , including `` Killer '' by Seal and `` Feels Like Rain '' by Buddy Guy . `` Bop Gun '' was seen by 16.3 million viewers , one of the highest Nielsen ratings of the week , thanks in large part due to interest in Williams ' appearance . The episode received generally positive reviews , with several particularly complimenting the dramatic performance by Williams . `` Bop Gun '' won a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay of an Episodic Drama . Williams also received an Emmy Award nomination for Guest Actor in a Drama Series . The episode , along with the rest of the first and second seasons of Homicide : Life on the Street was released on DVD in the United States on May 27 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04008321ca98f4865082271e0acb326", "text": "The First Nighter Program The First Nighter Program was a long-running radio anthology comedy-drama series broadcast from November 27 , 1930 , to September 27 , 1953 . The host was Mr. First Nighter ( Charles P. Hughes , Macdonald Carey , Bret Morrison , Marvin Miller , Don Briggs and Rye Billsbury -LSB- later known as Michael Rye -RSB- ) . An article in a 1939 newspaper observed , `` First Nighter was the first show to present complete and separate original plays each week . '' The show 's opening recreated the aural atmosphere of a Broadway opening . Before each week 's drama began , Mr. First Nighter was first heard walking on Broadway , emerging from the noise of people and street traffic into the crowded lobby of `` the Little Theater Off Times Square '' and then taking his seat in the third row center , where he gave the whispered introduction : The house lights have dimmed , and the curtain is about to go up on tonight 's production . Romantic comedies were the specialty of the series , and the principal roles were played by the teams of Don Ameche and June Meredith ( 1930 -- 36 ) , Ameche and Betty Lou Gerson ( 1935 -- 36 ) , Les Tremayne and Barbara Luddy ( 1936 -- 43 ) and Olan Soule and Luddy ( 1943 and after ) . Joseph T. Ainley produced and directed the series . The announcers were Larry Keating and Vincent Pelletier . Music was provided by `` The Famous First Nighter Orchestra '' , under the direction of Eric Sagerquist ( 1930 -- 44 ) , Caesar Petrillo ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Frank Worth ( 1947 -- 53 ) . The most popular episode may have been the annual Christmas episode , `` Little Town of Bethlehem , '' which was first performed in 1937 and every year afterwards at the request of the listening audience . Performing before a studio audience , the actors wore formal attire , with Luddy in a gown and Tremayne clad in evening clothes and top hat . Commercial breaks were signalled with the usher 's cry `` Smoking downstairs and in the outer lobby only , please ! '' , with the action resuming with a buzzer and the usher 's curtain call . The series ran on four radio networks in the following timeline : NBC Blue Network : 11/27/30 to 09/29/33 NBC Red Network : 10/06/33 to 02/12/37 CBS : 02/19/37 to 12/21/37 NBC Red Network : 01/07/38 to 08/26/38 CBS : 09/02/38 to 05/29/42 Mutual : 10/04/42 to 10/25/44 CBS : 10/20/45 to 04/13/46 and 10/04/47 to 10/20/49 NBC ( reruns ) : 04/27/52 to 09/27/53 The show was hosted by The Campana Company and solely featured commercials for their products . Due largely in part to this exposure , their Italian Balm became the best-selling hand lotion in the United States in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b812dad24ac6978ec372c616e09c8b2", "text": "Lorraine Ziff Lorraine Ziff ( born in Bronx , New York ) is an American actress She received a Bachelor of Arts double degree in theater and communications from Marymount College , Tarrytown and her master 's degree in social work from Fordham . As an actress she stars alongside Robert Picardo and Gary Busey in `` Mansion of Blood '' , which , originally planned for 2012 , is now scheduled for a 2014 release . She also appears in Treachery with Michael Biehn and co-stars in the forthcoming supernatural Western Six Gun Savior with Eric Roberts . She is married to insurance broker Laurence F. Ziff and is the mother of the actor and model Matthew Ziff . She and her husband , who has previously served as a trustee of the Garden State Cancer Center , are philanthropically active in raising money for cancer research . Ziff is also a licensed psycho-therapist , a skill which she has indicated can come in handy on the set", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b139da9d39d96723b0e2f129faeab", "text": "Merle Louise Merle Louise ( born Merle Louise Letowt , April 15 , 1934 ) is an American actress , best known for appearing in four Stephen Sondheim musicals , most famously as `` The Beggar Woman '' in Sweeney Todd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60d0d139d0ce4842fc490119ec9bdeb4", "text": "R.L. Stine's Monsterville: Cabinet of Souls R.L. Stine 's Monsterville : Cabinet of Souls is an R.L. Stine novel and an American direct-to-video film by the same name , directed by Peter DeLuise and written by Billy Brown & Dan Angel . The film stars Dove Cameron , Katherine McNamara , Braeden Lemasters , Tiffany Espensen and Ryan McCartan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d66503d1f7faf2fe11f2fad08a5a788", "text": "Zora Kerova Zora Ulla Keslerová ( born August 11 , 1950 ) is a Czech actress , dancer , singer and model . Often credited under the names Zora Kerova , Zora Kerowa or Zora Keer , she became known for starring in numerous Italian horror films during the 1980s . Born in Prague , Czechoslovakia , she began her career as a dancer and singer , later becoming a photo model . Kerova made her screen debut in the Italian film , La febbre americana ( 1978 ) . A year later , she appeared in the Czech drama , Křehké vztahy , and another Italian film , Terror Express . She followed by starring in cult horror films such as Antropophagus ( 1980 ) , Cannibal Ferox ( 1981 ) and Lucio Fulci 's The New York Ripper ( 1982 ) . She later appeared in another two Fulci 's films , Touch of Death ( 1988 ) and Sodoma 's Ghost ( 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5f11665b74f1c5cfbcbe56a97a309f", "text": "Haunted (comics) Haunted was a horror-suspense anthology comic book series published by Charlton Comics from 1971 to 1984 ( though it was primarily a reprint title from 1978 onward ) . The book was `` hosted '' by Impy , a pint-sized ghost dressed in an all-white superhero costume . With issue # 21 , the book 's host became Baron Weirwulf ( who first appeared in Ghost Manor # 19 , published in July 1974 ) . From that point forward , Haunted 's title was changed to Baron Weirwulf 's Haunted Library ( though it was still known as Haunted in the indicia ) . Haunted was part of a wave of new horror and suspense comics published by Charlton during this period . Its sister titles , with many of the same creators , were the Charlton anthologies The Many Ghosts of Doctor Graves ( with host Dr. M.T. Graves ) , Ghostly Tales ( with I.M. Dedd ) , Ghost Manor ( with host Mr. Bones ) , Ghostly Haunts ( with Winnie the Witch ) , and Scary Tales ( with Countess R.H. Von Bludd ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e9b699ba4893e25acc9e2c035ed849", "text": "Kentucky Jones Kentucky Jones is a half-hour comedy/drama starring Dennis Weaver as Kenneth Yarborough `` K.Y. or Kentucky '' Jones , D.V.M. , a recently widowed former horse trainer and active horse farm owner , who becomes the guardian of Dwight Eisenhower `` Ike '' Wong , a 10-year-old Chinese orphan , played by Ricky Der . Harry Morgan , previously of the CBS sitcoms December Bride and Pete and Gladys , was featured in the series as Seldom Jackson , a former jockey who assists Dr. Jones . Cherylene Lee appears as Annie Ng , Ike 's friend . Arthur Wong portrays Mr. Ng , Annie 's father . Keye Luke ( 1904-1991 ) stars as Mr. Wong , a friend of Dr. Jones . Nancy Rennick ( 1932-2006 ) appears as Miss Throncroft , a social worker . Kentucky Jones , which ran on NBC from September 19 , 1964 , to September 11 , 1965 , was the first of four television series starring Weaver after he left the role of the marshall 's helper Chester Goode on CBS 's western classic Gunsmoke . Richard Bull , who later portrayed the henpecked storekeeper Nels Oleson on NBC 's Little House on the Prairie , appeared twice on Kentucky Jones as Harold Erkel in episodes entitled `` The Victim '' and `` The Return of Wong Lee '' ( also with Malcolm Atterbury ) . Other selected episodes and guest stars include : `` Hello Ike '' , the series premiere , with Diane Brewster and Marlyn Mason as Doris Caine , `` Spare the Rod '' ( Paul Fix as Judge Perkins ) , `` Wildcat Soup '' ( Tyler McVey ) , `` Ike 's Song '' ( Pat Harrington , Jr. ) , `` The Big Shot '' ( Harry Townes ) , `` The Music Kids Make '' ( Philip Abbott and Robby Weaver ( born 1953 ) , Dennis Weaver 's son ) , `` The Big Speech '' ( Charles Lane ) , `` Feminine Intrusion '' ( Spring Byington , of December Bride and Laramie , as Mrs. Jolly , hired by Dr. Jones to cook a meal as payment of a debt ) , `` Most Precious Gold '' ( Strother Martin ; episode focuses on a camping trip ) , and `` Kentucky 's Vacation '' ( Yvonne Craig ) , the series finale . A Buzz Kulik Production in association with NBC , Kentucky Jones was filmed at Desilu Studios in Culver City , California . The series first aired on Saturdays at 8:30 Eastern from September 19 to December 26 . It switched to 7 p.m. on January 2 for the remainder of its run through September 11 , 1965 . Rebroadcasts began on April 17 . In the 8:30 slot , the program faced competition from the first season of the CBS sitcom Gilligan 's Island , with Alan Hale , Jr. , and Bob Denver , and the first half of ABC 's The Lawrence Welk Show . In the move to a half-hour earlier , having swapped time slots with The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo , CBS offered The Jackie Gleason Show , and ABC aired the science fiction series , The Outer Limits . In the second time slot , Kentucky Jones followed the NBC adventure series Flipper starring Brian Kelly . After Kentucky Jones , young Der ( born ca. 1954 ) acted only one more time , as Mickey in a 1965 episode `` So Long , Patrick Henry '' of NBC 's I Spy starring Bill Cosby and Robert Culp . In January 1967 , Harry Morgan advanced to Jack Webb 's second version of Dragnet in the role of Officer Bill Gannon , and later , on M * A * S * H as Col. Sherman T. Potter . In September of that year , Weaver starred with child actor Clint Howard in the CBS family drama Gentle Ben .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabf6eb6b06e9ab14c8d78b4a8f4a3ef", "text": "Invisible Strangler Invisible Strangler is a 1978 American horror film directed by John Florea , also known as The Astral Factor ( American alternative title ) , starring Robert Foxworth and Stefanie Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f81df242b7115f982f35b86fe36be4c1", "text": "Shari Belafonte Shari Lynn Belafonte ( born September 22 , 1954 ) is an American actress , model , writer and singer . The raspy-voiced daughter of singer Harry Belafonte , she is known for her role as Julie Gilette on the 1980s television series Hotel and as a spokesperson for the diet supplement Slim-Fast during the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1325fdd7103100b0ec9d573660d0a78", "text": "The Paul Lynde Halloween Special The Paul Lynde Halloween Special is a Halloween-themed television special starring Paul Lynde broadcast October 29 , 1976 on ABC . It featured guest stars Margaret Hamilton in her first reprisal of her role as the Wicked Witch of the West from The Wizard of Oz . Also guest starring are Billie Hayes as Witchiepoo from H.R. Pufnstuf , Tim Conway , Roz Kelly , Florence Henderson , rock band KISS , Billy Barty as Gallows the Butler , Betty White and , in an unbilled surprise appearance , Donny and Marie Osmond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c6036ca00363690173ff0263b9dd205", "text": "Ann Flood Ann Flood ( born Maryanne Ott , on November 12 , 1934 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as journalist/author Nancy Pollock Karr in the soap opera The Edge of Night , a role she began in 1962 . Flood portrayed the show 's heroine for 22 years , witnessing the show 's transition from live to taped broadcasts and its move from CBS to ABC . Flood was born in Jamaica , New York . She enjoyed notable roles on Broadway , making her debut in 1954 's Kismet and going on to play opposite Don Ameche in 1957 's Holiday for Lovers . Her television debut came earlier , in a 1952 live production of the W. S. Gilbert play , The Fortune Hunter , for WOR-TV . She became a regular performer on golden age live TV shows , including Sergeant Bilko , Armstrong Circle Theatre , Kraft Theatre , and The Philco Television Playhouse . She was also known for roles in various commercials , including those for Good Seasons salad dressing . Before starting on The Edge of Night , she played the leading role of another journalist , Elizabeth `` Liz '' Fraser Allen in the short-lived soap opera From These Roots from 1958-61 . In The Edge of Night , Nancy 's marriage to Mike Karr remains as one of the longest in soap history . Nancy and Mike had no children of their own , but the character of Laurie ( Mike 's daughter by his first wife Sara ) came to consider Nancy as her mother . Flood continued in the role through the series ' finale in 1984 , by which time she was the show 's longest-serving cast member . For her work on the show , Flood was twice nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , in 1982 and 1984 . After Edge of Night , Flood continued to act in daytime dramas . She was cast in a succession of shorter-term and recurring roles , playing Ella Hobbs , a villain on Search for Tomorrow , who tried to kill the show 's leading character , Joanne , and played a variety of society matrons on Another World ( Rose Livingston , 1986-1987 ) , One Life to Live ( Mrs. Guthrie , 1991 ) , and As the World Turns , recurring from 1992-1993 as business executive Ruth Mansfield . In 1987 , she joined the cast of All My Children playing the recurring role of Bitsy Davidson , Cecily 's snooty mother , and was briefly under contract to the show . Her last appearance aired in January 1990 . Other work included guest-starring roles in prime-time TV programs such as The Cosby Show , and a role in the 1988 feature film , Mystic Pizza , playing opposite Annabeth Gish , Julia Roberts and Lili Taylor . Flood has enjoyed a long marriage of over 60 years to TV & cable network media mogul Herb Granath , the two having met when they were both working as pages for NBC , then married in 1952 . They are the parents of three sons and one daughter . She has now retired from acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8376001b974e4d99d7d14ea94fbdbe1a", "text": "Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e9562630c3e228fc705eef5206e541c", "text": "Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors Dr. Terror 's Gallery of Horrors is a low-budget 1967 colour scope anthology film by David L. Hewitt from stories by Russ Jones . The film includes footage from Roger Corman 's Edgar Allan Poe adaptations . The similarity of its title to Amicus Productions ' hit Dr. Terror 's House of Horrors led to numerous enforced title changes , including Return from the Past , The Blood Suckers , Alien Massacre , and most commonly Gallery of Horror ( on-screen ) and Gallery of Horrors ( on packaging ) . It has also been released as The Witch 's Clock , after the first story , and the only one to feature star John Carradine , who hosts the interstitial segments . It also stars Lon Chaney Jr. , Rochelle Hudson , Roger Gentry and Vic McGee . The other stories include `` King Vampire , '' `` Monster Raid , '' `` Spark of Life , '' and `` Count Alucard , '' which is credited as `` Count Dracula . '' In the latter story , Jonathan Harker ( one of several roles played by Gentry ) is revealed , in a humorous twist , to be a werewolf .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "040761936f7d31919ea272e8fa7c8e2c", "text": "Beautiful (Christina Aguilera song) `` Beautiful '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fourth studio album , Stripped ( 2002 ) . It was released as the album 's second single on November 16 , 2002 . A pop and R&B ballad , `` Beautiful '' was written and produced by Linda Perry . Lyrically , it discusses inner beauty , as well as self-esteem and insecurity issues . Aguilera commented that she put `` her heart and her soul '' into the track , which she felt represented the theme of Stripped . The song was later re-recorded in an electronic style for her first greatest hits album Keeps Gettin ' Better : A Decade of Hits ( 2008 ) . Upon its release , `` Beautiful '' received universal acclaim from music critics , who have ranked it among Aguilera 's strongest material . It won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and was also nominated for Song of the Year at the 2004 ceremony . `` Beautiful '' was also a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Belgium , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , where it was certified Gold for 500,000 units shipped . It was kept from the number one spot by `` Bump , Bump , Bump '' by B2K featuring P. Diddy . `` Beautiful '' has been widely embraced as an anthem by the LGBT community for its message of self-empowerment and inner beauty . An accompanying music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund , and earned Aguilera a GLAAD Media Award for its positive portrayal of gay and transgender people . In 2011 , UK LGBT rights organization Stonewall named `` Beautiful '' the most empowering song of the previous decade for gay , lesbian , and bisexual people . In 2009 , Rolling Stone and VH1 listed it as one of the best songs of the 2000s ( decade ) . The song is widely recognized as one of Aguilera 's signature songs and has been covered on numerous occasions and featured on several television shows .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910b1165e6d62c52b57560f2eeb77173", "text": "Romantically Romantically is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on November 18 , 1963 , by Columbia Records and was also the final original studio album recorded by Mathis for the label prior to his moving to Mercury Records . Mathis had recorded exclusively for Columbia from 1956 to 1963 . After a brief stint with Mercury , he returned to Columbia in 1967 . His first Mercury project , Sounds of Christmas , was actually released six weeks before this one , on October 4 . Romantically made its first appearance on Billboard magazine 's album chart in the issue dated December 28 , 1963 , and peaked at number 23 over the course of 27 weeks . The first compact disc release of the album came on June 9 , 2009 , when it was issued as disc two of a two-CD set that also included his 1962 LP Rapture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c98ff16d04eaba90f3fa3fd678be2080", "text": "Kellie Pickler (album) Kellie Pickler is the self-titled second studio album by American country artist Kellie Pickler . The lead-off single , `` Do n't You Know You 're Beautiful '' , was debuted at the 43rd Academy Of Country Music awards and peaked at 21 on Hot Country Songs . The album was released via BNA Records/19 Recordings on September 30 , 2008 . Since the albums ' release , three more singles have charted ; `` Best Days of Your Life '' at number 9 ( which was co-wrote with fellow country artist Taylor Swift ) , `` Did n't You Know How Much I Loved You '' at number 14 ( a re-recording of an album cut from Pickler 's debut album Small Town Girl ) and `` Makin ' Me Fall in Love Again '' at number 30 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28cb8fe3bea224a791e27589e58fe550", "text": "Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions . Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction . Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d1985d374fa5434bf94c6bbd25b784", "text": "A Thousand Beautiful Things `` A Thousand Beautiful Things '' is a song by Annie Lennox , released in 2004 as the second `` promotional-only '' single from her album Bare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "155d15d45cc8021a2f629eb94e4a1fad", "text": "This Beautiful Mess This Beautiful Mess is the second album by American band Sixpence None the Richer , released in 1995 ( see 1995 in music ) . The recording was produced by Armand John Petri , who also managed the band from 1993 to 1997 . This Beautiful Mess surpassed 50,000 copies sold during its first year of release and laid the foundation for Sixpence 's self-titled breakout album two years later . This Beautiful Mess won the 1996 Dove Award for `` Alternative/Modern Rock Album of the Year . '' The songs `` Within a Room Somewhere '' and `` I Ca n't Explain '' were both minor hits on the Christian music charts . Within a couple years of the album 's release , two eventually significant rock bands formed under the moniker `` This Beautiful Mess . '' The first originated in Colorado Springs , Co in 1996 and went on to become the platinum-selling act OneRepublic . The second , formed in 1997 , is the Dutch rock quintet from the Netherlands which continues making music under the same name . `` This Beautiful Mess '' is also used as the title of author Rick McKinley 's 2006 treatise on personal and social transformation . The book 's foreword was written by million-selling author Donald Miller , who filmed the 2012 movie Blue Like Jazz with Sixpence None the Richer producer Steve Taylor directing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cfe2b096a305fba3f8d2304a039888d", "text": "Good, Bad but Beautiful Good , Bad but Beautiful is a 1975 album by Shirley Bassey . In the first half of the decade , Bassey recorded nine albums , with three making the top ten . In March 1975 , Bassey released a compilation that became her highest-charting album to date , The Shirley Bassey Singles Album ( # 2 ) , and reflects the momentum Bassey had maintained since her 1970 `` comeback '' . Good , Bad but Beautiful , released in the autumn of 1975 , spent seven weeks on the UK Albums Chart , peaking at # 13 , and earned a silver disc . The album reflects the formula that brought Bassey back to the charts : a combination of contemporary songs combined with her forte of standards , show tunes , and torch songs , featuring arrangements aimed squarely at the adult contemporary , or middle-of-the-road , audience . This was also achieved by modifying her backup orchestra to include electric guitars , a string and brass section with a more contemporary sound , and drumming that is more soft rock-oriented than jazz-oriented , while side two 's opener , `` Feel Like Makin ' Love '' displays a smooth jazz style . This was Bassey 's seventh album of the 1970s to make the Billboard 200 , peaking at # 186 . It also reached # 54 on the US R&B chart . In the UK the album was awarded a silver disc six weeks after it was released . The original release was in stereo on vinyl and cassette . In 2005 , BGO Records issued a remastered Good , Bad but Beautiful , together with the 1973 album Never Never Never , on a 2-CD set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7818643d39fd7c6fe4c46cd29b92ff1", "text": "Beautiful (Enrique Iglesias song) `` Beautiful '' is a song by Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias from his tenth studio album , Sex and Love . It features Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue and was also on her Kiss Me Once album . `` Beautiful '' was written by Iglesias , Mark Taylor , Alex Smith , and Samuel Preston , and it was produced by Taylor and Smith . The song was released as promotional single in Australia and New Zealand on 14 March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad66f961ada597c2ec03925ba2f8077b", "text": "Broken & Beautiful (Suzie McNeil album) Broken & Beautiful is the debut album from Canadian pop rock artist Suzie McNeil , released on April 10 , 2007 through Curve Music . It was preceded by the release of radio hit `` Hung Up '' and features the popular single `` Believe '' , which served as an official anthem for the Canadian Olympic team in the 2010 Winter Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc963ae85cee1833f99b590690765c3a", "text": "Beautiful Death Beautiful Death is an album by Bella Morte , released in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "287654749df010e298e9cf60feb4ecd6", "text": "Beautiful You / Sennen Koi Uta is Tohoshinki 's 22nd Japanese single , released on April 23 , 2008 shortly before the completion of the T album Japan tour . `` Sennen Koi Uta '' was used as the opening theme for `` The Legend '' , a Korean drama that was later aired in Japan . Oricon News predicted that the consecutive releases of the previous single albums as well as the popularity of the historical drama series were expected to boost the sales of the latest single . It is Tohoshinki 's second # 1 single on the Weekly Oricon Charts . Similar to their `` Purple Line '' single , they wrote history again in the Japanese music industry by becoming the second foreign artist , next to Ou Yang Fei Fei , to have 2 chart-toppers . According to the Oricon , TVXQ succeeded Ou Yang Fei Fei 's position after 24 years and 5 months .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce80524517210b010d47ad9179694eb6", "text": "Beautiful Nowhere Beautiful Nowhere is the second studio album by singer-songwriter Josh Clayton-Felt , though it was marketed and released under his birth name Josh Clayton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33cddf238f8ae3430b62bda3b7e46a77", "text": "Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful? (song) `` Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful ? '' is a song by English recording artist Paloma Faith from her 2009 debut studio album of the same name . It was released on 21 December 2009 , and peaked at number 64 on the UK Singles Chart . It was co-written with Ed Harcourt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb4399afed2672f35547423e11cf13e9", "text": "Wonderful (Annie Lennox song) `` Wonderful '' is a song by Annie Lennox , released as the third and last single from her album Bare in 2004 . It was released as a CD single and 12 inch single in the United States and only as a promotional single elsewhere . The single topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart for a week and became her fifth number one on that chart . No music video was made for this song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f956d717abb0e074cb31b159a999f81", "text": "Welcome to the Beautiful South Welcome to the Beautiful South is the debut album by English band The Beautiful South , released in October 1989 by Go ! Discs and the next year in America by Elektra Records . Three singles were released from the album : `` Song for Whoever '' ( # 2 in the UK ) , `` You Keep It All In '' ( # 8 ) and `` I 'll Sail This Ship Alone '' ( # 31 ) . The original album cover depicted two pictures by Jan Saudek , one of a woman with a gun in her mouth , and another with a man smoking . Woolworths refused to stock the album , in the words of the band , to `` prevent the hoards -LSB- sic -RSB- of impressionable young fans from blowing their heads off in a gun-gobbling frenzy , or taking up smoking '' ; an alternative cover featuring a picture of a stuffed toy rabbit and a teddy bear was therefore made . NME included it in the `` Top 100 Albums You 've Never Heard '' list in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b0425fd42322580d3a1e8ec3b35cba", "text": "Beautiful (10 Years song) `` Beautiful '' is a song written and recorded by American alternative rock band 10 Years for their fourth album , Division , which is their second major release under Universal Records . It was released as the album 's first single to iTunes and rock radio outlets in 2008 . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f1ebeb5495f37374b6176bfd7ebd66", "text": "Beautiful People (Pet Shop Boys song) `` Beautiful People '' is a song written and recorded by the Pet Shop Boys group , and was released on 2 October 2009 , as the third single from their tenth studio album : Yes . This single was released in Germany only first , at the request of EMI . In November it was released in the US as a download . The B-side , `` Fugitive '' , had previously been published ( in an extended version ) on the limited edition of their 2006 album Fundamental . The song was produced by Richard X. Both the demo version of `` Beautiful People '' and the remix of `` Up and Down '' had been previously available digitally . The demo was available to stream from the official Pet Shop Boys website and the remix was available as a free download during the `` Did You See Me Coming ? '' single campaign . Remixes by Vinny Vero were commissioned but not used due to delays in their completion . They were later released unofficially as a free download on Vero 's website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f51cbece09d4bf4ae1e2f60009d6378", "text": "Beautiful Liar `` Beautiful Liar '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira . It was written by Beyoncé , Amanda Ghost , Ian Dench , and Stargate members Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen , and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé for the re-release of Beyoncé 's second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) . The mixing of the song was done by Gustavo Celis . `` Beautiful Liar '' was released on March 14 , 2007 , by Columbia Records as the first single from the deluxe edition of the album . A Spanish and English mixed version of the song was produced and titled `` Bello Embustero '' . `` Beautiful Liar '' is a mid-tempo song ; musically , it is a melding of Shakira 's Latin and Middle Eastern styles with Beyoncé 's contemporary hip hop and R&B styles . Its theme is female empowerment ; two female protagonists sing about being charmed by the same man , but instead of fighting over him , both ladies agree that he is not worth their time . The song was well received by music critics , who praised generally Beyoncé 's and Shakira 's collaboration . `` Beautiful Liar '' was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards and the Spanish version was nominated for Record of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 . It won an Ivor Novello Awards for Best-Selling British Song in 2008 . `` Beautiful Liar '' was commercially successful . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and experienced the largest upward movement on that chart until 2008 . The song peaked at number one in many European countries , including France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Its accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava , incorporates belly dancing moves . `` Beautiful Liar '' won the Most Earthshattering Collaboration award at the 2007 MTV Video Music Award . The song was included on Beyoncé 's set list during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48dcac391765d4a11af316c0f62e3757", "text": "Mountain Soul Mountain Soul is the eleventh album of original recordings by Patty Loveless . The album was recorded between January and March 2001 and was released on June 26 in the United States . It first charted on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart on July 14 ( peaking on July 28 at # 19 ) , and remaining on the charts for 87 weeks until March 8 , 2003 . Other country superstars also have done `` You 'll Never Leave Harlan Alive '' such as Kathy Mattea and Brad Paisley . A follow up album , Mountain Soul II was released in September 2009 . The album also charted on the main Top Billboard 200 chart , Top Bluegrass Album chart and the Top Internet Albums chart . Rhapsody ranked the album # 9 on its `` Country 's Best Albums of the Decade '' list . Country Universe , ranked the album # 10 . Engine 145 country music blog list it # 6 on the `` Top Country Albums of the Decade '' list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a06df73c2909872e910eb420d85bdb9f", "text": "The Sopranos The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase . The story revolves around the fictional character , New Jersey-based Italian American mobster Tony Soprano ( James Gandolfini ) . The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and his criminal organization . These are often highlighted during his therapy sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi ( Lorraine Bracco ) . The series features Tony 's family members , mafia colleagues and rivals , in prominent roles and story arcs , most notably his wife Carmela ( Edie Falco ) and protégé Christopher Moltisanti ( Michael Imperioli ) . After the pilot was ordered in 1997 , the show premiered on the premium cable network HBO in the United States on January 10 , 1999 , and ran its six seasons with 86 episodes to June 10 , 2007 . The series then went through syndication and has been broadcast on A&E in the United States and internationally . The Sopranos was produced by HBO , Chase Films , and Brad Grey Television . It was primarily filmed at Silvercup Studios , New York City , and on location in New Jersey . The executive producers throughout the show 's run were David Chase , Brad Grey , Robin Green , Mitchell Burgess , Ilene S. Landress , Terence Winter , and Matthew Weiner . The Sopranos is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time . The series also won a multitude of awards , including Peabody Awards for its first two seasons , 21 Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards . A staple of 2000s American popular culture , the series has been the subject of critical analysis , controversy , and parody . It has spawned books , a video game , high-charting soundtrack albums , and a large amount of assorted merchandise . Several members of the show 's cast and crew who were previously largely unknown to the public have had successful careers after The Sopranos . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America named The Sopranos the best-written TV series of all time , while TV Guide ranked it the best television series of all time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "574b707fd36c1d91314092f0440c4bd4", "text": "David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b55ae1bb90bd58ec195c47a4f06c6bc", "text": "Cold Stones `` Cold Stones '' is the seventy-sixth episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the eleventh of the show 's sixth season . It was written by Diane Frolov , Andrew Schneider and David Chase , directed by Tim Van Patten and originally aired on May 21 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cf29467bcd01ee9665d63bb9954ebe9", "text": "Big Three television networks The Big Three television networks are the three major traditional commercial broadcast television networks in the United States : the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , CBS ( formerly known as the Columbia Broadcasting System ) and the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) . Beginning in 1948 until the late 1980 's , the Big Three networks dominated U.S. television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bfc8c83bab3446c5682373fb9cee09", "text": "1977–78 United States network television schedule This was the television schedule on all three United States television networks for the fall season beginning in September 1977 . All times are Eastern and Pacific . New fall series are highlighted in bold . Series ending their original runs are in italics . Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research . Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season . Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season . Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season . PBS , the Public Broadcasting Service , was in operation , but the schedule was set by each local station . On ABC , debuting news brief , airs all seven nights at 9:58 , pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c669b845dc45282329b6c31af3af07", "text": "New York Emmy Awards The New York Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences honoring those in television and advanced media in the tri-state New York-New Jersey-Connecticut and New York State . The division was founded in 1955 and in addition to granting the New York Emmy Awards , the chapter also recognizes awards scholarships , honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration , has a free research and a nationwide job bank . The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8545efb6ae32155d2cc4fae8c80455ef", "text": "Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8df83f51b7a2fe139e810ee0e033d36", "text": "List of former NBC television affiliates The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American broadcast television network that originated as a radio network in November 1926 , and expanded into television in April 1939 . Throughout its history , the network has had many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations . This article is a table listing of former NBC stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former NBC-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current NBC affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies . The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f7445529ccdefaa42f0d71f5bd2a555", "text": "The Sopranos (season 2) The second season of The Sopranos aired on HBO from January 16 to April 9 , 2000 . The second season was released on DVD in region 1 on November 6 , 2001 . The story of the season focuses on Tony 's growing mistrust of one of his closest friends Big Pussy Bonpensiero , who is revealed to be an FBI informant . Dr. Melfi continues meeting with Tony despite her growing disgust of his actions and contemplates the nature of their relationship . Tony 's sister Janice also returns to New Jersey , and their collectively strained relationship with their mother Livia and each other continues . Meadow is accepted into college , but her personal life intersects with Tony 's crime life for the first time . Former boss Jackie Aprile 's brother Richie is released from prison and causes trouble for Tony and his business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f268545ba0db021ea9c584ba6bcfb9", "text": "List of programs broadcast by ETC This is a list of programs broadcast by ETC , a commercial broadcast television network owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation through its subsidiary Southern Broadcasting Network . Its local programming includes lifestyle , infotainment , infomercials and reality shows produced by the network itself . The channel also provides drama series , sitcoms , reality , movies and entertainment news programs . Most of American TV shows are from broadcast networks such as CBS , ABC , Fox , NBC , and The CW , and cable channels such as Bravo , E! , Lifetime , Freeform , VH1 and MTV . Several Australian shows are from Seven Network , and Network Ten . For the previously aired shows of SBN/ETC , see List of programs previously broadcast by Southern Broadcasting Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05e4033d0f64348a8e62e2eb3236cea7", "text": "Luxury Lounge `` Luxury Lounge '' is the seventy-second episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the seventh of the show 's sixth season . It was written by Matthew Weiner , directed by Danny Leiner and originally aired on April 23 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99120be6dd892de1cd84e52eff5ab785", "text": "Theatre Communications Group Theatre Communications Group ( TCG ) is a non-profit service organization dedicated to nurturing , strengthening and promoting professional non-profit theatre in the United States . As of 2014 , TCG has over 700 member theatres located in 47 states ; 172,000 individual members ; and 150 University , Trustee and other business affiliates . TCG is currently headquartered at 520 Eighth Avenue in mid-town Manhattan . TCG offers training , networking and research opportunities to its members , including their annual Fiscal Survey and the resulting publication , the TCG TheatreFacts Report . In addition , TCG awards over $ 2 million in grants each year to nonprofit theatres and individual theatre artists through philanthropic partnerships , including the MetLife/TCG A-ha ! Program . Each year , the organization hosts a number of events for its members on special topics in the nonprofit theatrical industry , including the Fall Forum for Governance in New York City and the annual TCG National Conference , held in a different American city each year . The organization also publishes American Theatre magazine and ARTSEARCH , a theatrical employment bulletin , as well as trade editions of play scripts , including ten winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . TCG was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b7659d54e688d3ef3071e9d75a901d6", "text": "Gay USA Gay USA is a weekly one-hour news program '' ... devoted to in-depth coverage of gay , lesbian , bisexual , and transgender issues '' on a local , state , national , and international level . It is filmed in the studios of , and aired by , Manhattan Neighborhood Network in Manhattan , New York . It airs on Manhattan Public-access television cable TV and Free Speech TV , and is available worldwide as a podcast at gayusatv.org or to subscribe via iTunes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c0e947c8df6e7e8ace88674b8fd4b304", "text": "Alex Sharp Alexander Ian `` Alex '' Sharp ( born 2 February 1989 ) is a Tony Award-winning English actor best known for originating the role of Christopher Boone in the Broadway Production of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time . After graduating from the Juilliard School in the summer of 2014 , he made his Broadway and acting debut in the play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time in the autumn . For his role as the autistic teenager Christopher Boone , he was awarded the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play , Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play , and the Outer Critics Circle Award . , he is the youngest winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97a81c1f098f3166cd3db74368c2f67b", "text": "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time (play) The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is a play by Simon Stephens based on the novel of the same name by Mark Haddon . During its premiere run , the play tied the record for winning the most Olivier Awards ( seven ) , including Best New Play at the 2013 ceremony ( this record was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Cursed Child in 2017 with 9 wins ) . The play premiered on 2 August 2012 in the Cottesloe Theatre at the Royal National Theatre in London before transferring to the Apollo Theatre in the West End on 12 March 2013 . The production won 7 Olivier Awards in 2013 ( including Best New Play ) , at the time equaling the record with Matilda the Musical in 2012 , before both were surpassed by Harry Potter and the Cursed Child in 2017 with 9 awards . During a performance on 19 December 2013 , the ceiling of the Apollo Theatre collapsed causing the production to close . It reopened on 9 July 2014 at the Gielgud Theatre . The play will close at the Gielgud on 3 June 2017 . The Broadway production debuted at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on 5 October 2014 and closed on 4 September 2016 . It won the 2015 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play , 2015 Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding New Broadway Play , the 2015 Drama League Award for Outstanding Production of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Play , and the 2015 Tony Award for Best Play . The story concerns a mystery surrounding the death of a neighbour 's dog that is investigated by young Christopher Boone , who has an autism spectrum condition , and his relationships with his parents and school mentor . The play reworked the source material by changing its voice and presenting the story as a play-within-a-play . The play has received a generally warm reception , with most critics impressed by its ability to convey the point of view of the young protagonist and the compassion of his school mentor . Critics also generally spoke highly of the visual effects employed during the show .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "80ccd32104eb148170d01284f909d7ff", "text": "Ace (musical) ACE is a musical with a book and lyrics by Robert Taylor and Richard Oberacker , and music by Oberacker . The story is about a boy , separated from his mother , who discovers his past and himself through a series of dreams about a flying ace . It was inspired by Robert Taylor 's father training to be a pilot , and his mother having a near-fatal bout with depression . The musical premiered the The Repertory Theatre of St. Louis , Missouri , in 2006 and has played in several regional productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a66cd3be0297121690e1b0b5ce91d9f", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (opera) The Picture of Dorian Gray , op. 45 , is an American opera in two acts and 12 scenes , with libretto and music by Lowell Liebermann , based on the novel of the same name by Oscar Wilde . The opera had its world premiere at the Monte Carlo Opera on 8 May 1996 , in a production by John Cox , conducted by Steuart Bedford . Bedford also conducted the American premiere , on 5 February 1999 by Florentine Opera , Milwaukee , Wisconsin . The Center City Opera Theater in Philadelphia commissioned a re-orchestration of the opera for chamber orchestra . This version received its first performance on June 6 , 2007 at the Perelman Theater in the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in a production by Leland Kimball , conducted by Andrew M. Kurtz . Aspen Opera Center staged the work in July 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b22cbcd2cfba72e246a40b8f541164e", "text": "Sharpe's Eagle (TV programme) Sharpe 's Eagle is the second in the series of Sharpe historical war television dramas , based on the novel of the same name . Shown on ITV in 1993 , the adaptation stars Sean Bean , Daragh O'Malley and Assumpta Serna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46206db729a856f78873756d58d7c759", "text": "An American Tragedy (musical) An American Tragedy is a 1995 musical with music by Charles Strouse , lyrics by Lee Adams and Mark St. Germain , and a libretto by David Shaber and Mark St. Germain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053622c81227a074d21bb2eeecd24fc3", "text": "A Song of Stone A Song of Stone is a novel by Scottish writer Iain Banks , published in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0957f67bc6ca0f62358acd1d507ee39c", "text": "From Here to Eternity the Musical From Here to Eternity the Musical is a musical with music and lyrics by Stuart Brayson and Tim Rice and a book by Bill Oakes . Based on the novel of the same name , written by James Jones , the musical made its West End and world premiere in 2013 , at the Shaftesbury Theatre , London . Jones 's novel From Here to Eternity was a best-seller and well known for its successful movie adaptation . Jones 's manuscript was heavily censored by his publisher to remove profanity and references to gay prostitution ; the unexpurgated version was not published until 2011 . Once it was , composer Stuart Brayson thought it might be adapted as a musical , and proposed the project to Tim Rice , who acquired the stage rights and wrote the lyrics . The musical was announced in May 2011 and opened on 23 October 2013 , a year later than originally planned . The West End production stars Darius Campbell as Warden , Robert Lonsdale as Private Prewitt , and Ryan Sampson as Maggio . The work received mixed reviews , though Brayson was praised for an imaginative score . The production closed on 29 March 2014 , after a run of six and a half months .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ff8ad04500e03f5003d62705c4e369d", "text": "Oscar Wilde (play) The play Oscar Wilde , written by Leslie and Sewell Stokes , is based on the life of the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wilde 's friend , the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris , appears as a character . The play , which contains much of Wilde 's actual writings , starts with Wilde 's literary success and his friendship with Lord Alfred Douglas , turns into a courtroom melodrama , and ends with Wilde as a broken alcoholic after two years in prison . Owing to the play 's subject matter it was never granted a licence by the Lord Chamberlain and could , therefore , only be staged in England at a theatre club where membership was required . The play 's first production at London 's Gate Theatre Studio in 1936 , starred Robert Morley as Wilde and was produced by Norman Marshall . Opening on 29 September , the play ran for six weeks and proved to be one of the theatre 's most successful productions . Later in New York in 1938 , again with Morley in the title role , the play became a major award-winning success on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre where it opened on 10 October and ran for 247 performances . This success launched Robert Morley 's career as a stage actor on both sides of the Atlantic . Coinciding with the Broadway production there was also a four-week revival in London at the Arts Theatre starring Francis L. Sullivan and produced by Ronald Adam , which opened on 25 October 1938 . The play was revived again at the Bolton 's Theatre Club , starring Frank Pettingell and directed by Leslie Stokes , in 1948 . The film Oscar Wilde , based on the Stokes brothers ' play , was released in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fae6dd0d8a07ab193b09aec95b80a64", "text": "Prochownik's Dream Prochownik 's Dream is a 2005 novel by the Australian author Alex Miller . In this new novel the double Miles Franklin winner dramatises the dichotomy within an artist as he negotiates the creative life . ' - Jane Sullivan , ` The Age ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0000c0e9fe02bb10f4711c5d09d007ee", "text": "Wise Child Wise Child is a play by Simon Gray . The plot concerns orphaned Jerry Artminster , who blackmails a criminal named Jock Masters by promising he wo n't reveal his identity if Jock agrees to impersonate the boy 's mother in the Reading , Berkshire , ( England ) hotel where the boy lives . The other characters are Mr. Booker , the gay hotel manager who fancies the boy , and Janice , a black woman who works in the hotel . The play was first staged in 1967 at Wyndham 's Theatre in London with Alec Guinness as Jock . After 12 previews , the Broadway production at the Helen Hayes Theatre opened on January 27 , 1972 . It closed after four performances following critical thrashings by Clive Barnes and Walter Kerr in the New York Times and Richard Watts , Jr. in the New York Post . The New York City production was directed by James Hammerstein and starred Donald Pleasence as Jock , Bud Cort as Jerry , George Rose as Mr. Booker , and Lauren Jones as Janice . Donald Pleasence was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5eab77fb03683ba855d427563ce106cd", "text": "Agents and Patients Agents and Patients is the fourth novel by the English writer Anthony Powell . It combines two of the aspects of 1930s life , film and psychoanalysis . In what Powell himself has acknowledged is a roman a clef of sorts ( Anthony Powell , Journals 1987-1989 , 121 ) , a comically critical eye is cast across entre deux guerres society and its often self-indulgent , usually unsatisfied quest for contentment . Published in 1936 , the novel reflects some of Powell 's recent experience scriptwriting for Warners in London . The epigraph from John Wesley which gives the novel its title distinguishes between actors and those acted upon , equating freedom with the condition of ` agency . ' Powell 's fourth novel illustrates the painstaking , sometimes painful , process by which one young man recognizes the truth of Wesley 's assertion in his own life , thereby , perhaps , reaching a change in his status as the novel ends . As is usual in Powell 's fiction , the settings are often restaurants , parties , and private apartments ( though a Berlin film studio also figures significantly ) , with social behaviour in such surroundings the sustained focus of comically critical and detailed attention . Of Powell 's pre-war novels , Agents and Patients is most insistently focused on the questions of what one wants from life and how one might recognize moments when such desires have been achieved , even when the results are unexpected . The novel continues Powell 's evolution of the style and technique he will employ in A Dance to the Music of Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3f75edf7fb7ea4250e95998cfdb8e8", "text": "Indian Killer Indian Killer is a novel written by Sherman Alexie , featuring a serial killer in the city of Seattle , Washington , who scalps white men . Because of this technique , he is called the `` Indian Killer '' and rising fear provokes anti-Native American violence and racial hostility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59d6d292a674134f27cb653bef19c2b", "text": "The Ticket That Exploded The Ticket That Exploded is a 1962 novel by American author William S. Burroughs , published by Olympia Press and later by Grove Press in 1967 . Together with The Soft Machine and Nova Express it is part of a trilogy , referred to as The Nova Trilogy , created using the cut-up technique , although for this book Burroughs used a variant called ` the fold-in ' method . The novel is an anarchic tale concerning mind control by psychic , electronic , sexual , pharmaceutical , subliminal , and other means . Passages from the other two books and even from this book show up in rearranged form and are often repeated . This work is significant for fans of Burroughs , in that it describes his idea of language as a virus and his philosophy of the cut-up technique . Also , it features the cut-up technique being used by characters within the story . The Ticket That Exploded lays the groundwork for Burroughs ' ideas of social revolution through technology , which he would later detail in his book-length essay The Electronic Revolution . The revised edition published in 1967 was 50 % longer than the original , as Burroughs added more material and an appendix . In 2014 , a ` Restored ' edition was published by Grove Press , edited by Oliver Harris , which made a number of corrections and added an introduction and extensive notes . Establishing the text 's manuscript history , the introduction showed that Burroughs wrote The Ticket after The Soft Machine and before Nova Express , and argued that the Trilogy defied any fixed sequence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37e8b713e15752f7d7ed6b130248c5b", "text": "Quinneys (play) Quinneys is a comedy-drama play by the British writer Horace Annesley Vachell , which was first staged in 1914 . It was a major hit on its release and went on to become one of the author 's most successful plays . However , despite its popularity in London the play met with a lukewarm reception when it opened in New York City in 1915 . It focuses on Joseph Quinney the endearing but stubborn head of a family firm of antiques dealers whose firm views cause problems for his relatives and friends . The play 's success led Vachell to write a series of novels following on the adventures of the family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b610784464c18dabf4d2cf49a0a34bb", "text": "The Children Act (novel) The Children Act is a novel by the English writer Ian McEwan , published on 2 September 2014 . The title is a reference to the Children Act 1989 , a UK Act of Parliament . It has been compared to Charles Dickens ' Bleak House , with its similar settings , and opening lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc147cd99e93ed3897ddb21a5a4d2e65", "text": "Wild Honey (play) Wild Honey is a 1984 adaptation by British playwright Michael Frayn of an earlier play by Anton Chekhov . The original work , a sprawling five-hour drama from Chekhov 's earliest years as a writer , has no title , but is usually known in English as Platonov , after its principal character `` Mikhail Platonov '' , a disillusioned provincial schoolmaster . Frayn 's adaptation was given its first production at London 's National Theatre in 1984 and won Olivier Awards in three categories : for Ian McKellen as Actor of the Year in a Revival , Christopher Morahan as Director of the Year and John Gunter as Designer of the Year . `` Anna Petrovna '' was played by Charlotte Cornwell . The play opened at New York 's Virginia Theatre in December 1986 presented by impresario Douglas Urbanski with McKellen repeating his title role , but otherwise with an American cast which included Kim Cattrall , Kathryn Walker and Kate Burton . The play was broadcast as a radio play on the digital radio station , BBC7 on 31 January 2010 as part of a BBC radio season of documentaries , drama , short stories and essays to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Chekhov 's birthday . Ian McKellen returned to play Platonov , while Anna Calder Marshall played Sasha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0908da57b2b6e7e6aae6945d92b64d00", "text": "Travels with My Aunt (play) Travels with My Aunt is a 1989 comedy adapted by Scottish dramatist by Giles Havergal from the Graham Greene novel of the same title . The play was first staged at Citizens Theatre in Glasgow on 10 November 1989 with Havergal , Derwent Watson , Patrick Hannaway , and Christopher Gee , and has since been performed in London West End theatres , off-Broadway in New York , and in San Francisco . From 2 May to 29 June 2013 , Travels with My Aunt is being staged at London 's Menier Chocolate Factory , starring David Bamber and Jonathan Hyde . This stage version was reduced to a 50-minute , one act version ( with permission from Giles Havergal ) and first presented by the Backwell Playhouse Theatre Company as an entry into the Avon Association of Drama One Act Festival on 21 February 2015 . The performance won best play and was put forward to the All England Theatre Festival Quarterfinals in the Western Division : Wessex area . Performed on 18 April 2015 , it was again awarded best play . The production performed in the Western Division final in Ferndown , Dorset , on 16 May 2015 . The two-act version was revived at the Citizens Theatre in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9bf5f64b9b730f535a1d31b616387c", "text": "London Bridges London Bridges is the tenth novel by James Patterson featuring the former Washington , D.C. homicide detective and forensic psychiatrist and current FBI agent Alex Cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bcc2889148885fbdd7c25cde48a28dc", "text": "Strangers on a Train (play) Strangers on a Train is a play written by Craig Warner and is based on the 1950 the novel of the same name by Patricia Highsmith . The show made its West End and world premiere at the Gielgud Theatre on 19 November 2013 , following previews from 2 November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44", "text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9eae43ec01cafa88873a4d45f155a3f6", "text": "Daniela Hantuchová Daniela Hantuchová ( -LSB- ˈdaɲiela ˈɦantuxoʋaː -RSB- ; born 23 April 1983 ) is a Slovak tennis player . She turned professional in 1999 and had her breakthrough year in 2002 , when she won her first WTA tournament , the Indian Wells Masters , defeating Martina Hingis in the final and becoming the lowest-ranked player to ever win the tournament . She also reached the quarterfinals of that year 's Wimbledon Championship and US Open , ending the year in the top 10 . She was part of the Slovak team that won the 2002 Fed Cup and the 2005 Hopman Cup . Hantuchová reached her highest ranking , fifth , in January 2003 , after reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open . She has gone on to win a further seven WTA tournaments , including the Indian Wells Masters for a second time in 2007 and most recently the 2015 Thailand Open . She also reached the semifinals of the Australian Open in 2008 , the furthest she has progressed in a Grand Slam . She is the most successful Slovak tennis player of all time and became only the 37th woman in the Open Era to reach 500 career wins when she beat Laura Robson in the second round of the Aegon Classic in June 2013 . Hantuchová is also an accomplished doubles player . In 2005 , she completed the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles , becoming only the fifth female tennis player to do so . She won the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2001 with Leoš Friedl , at the Australian Open in 2002 with Kevin Ullyett , at the French Open in 2005 with Fabrice Santoro and at the US Open in 2005 with Mahesh Bhupathi . She has also reached the finals of the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2002 with Ullyett and the finals of the women 's doubles at the Australian Open in 2002 with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario , at the French Open in 2006 with Ai Sugiyama and at the Australian Open in 2009 with Sugiyama . Since December 2014 Hantuchová has been coached by Carlos Rodríguez . Her WTA Tour mentor in the `` Partners for Success '' program was Martina Navratilova , who was her doubles partner for a brief period in early 2005 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7e0407fedb7fcd1be944c19032b89f99", "text": "Rebecca Šramková Rebecca Šramková ( born 19 October 1996 ) is a Slovak tennis player . Šramková has a career high WTA singles ranking of 156 , achieved on 22 August 2016 . She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 220 achieved on 11 May 2015 . On the ITF Women 's Circuit , Šramková has won five singles and two doubles titles in her career . Šramková won her biggest title to date at the 2016 Engie Open de Biarritz , a ITF $ 100,000 tournament , where she defeated Martina Trevisan in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7833629dcff780ffe335267ee3244cf9", "text": "Tamara Rylova Tamara Nikolayevna Rylova ( Тамара Николаевна Рылова born 1 October 1931 ) is a former speed skater . After World War II had ended , Soviet women started dominating speed skating and would continue do so for at least 20 years . Tamara Rylova was one of them . She trained at Burevestnik in Leningrad . Having debuted nationally at the 1952 Soviet Allround Championships and internationally at the 1954 World Allround Championships , Rylova soon became a force to be reckoned with . Early 1955 , Rylova proved this by setting a new world record on the 500 m -- breaking Laila Schou Nilsen 's record that had stood for almost 18 years . That same month , she would break two more world records . The next month , she won silver at the 1955 World Allround Championships behind fellow Soviet skater Rimma Zhukova and that already showed that most of the time , Rylova 's strongest competition was from other Soviet skaters . The next year , she won bronze , behind two Soviet skaters , thus making all three medals going to the Soviet Union . And this was not an exception , rather it was the rule . In fact , in the years 1953 -- 1964 , Soviet women won all three medals at every one of those twelve World Allround Championships . In 1957 and 1958 , Rylova won two more silver medals at the World Allround Championships , both behind Inga Artamonova . Finally , in 1959 , she became World Allround Champion , with a big lead over silver medallist Valentina Stenina . The next year , she won yet another silver medal at the 1960 World Allround Championships , this time not being able to retain her lead after three of the four distances because Stenina skated the final distance , the 3,000 m , more than seven seconds faster . At the Winter Olympics of Squaw Valley the next month , Rylova ( now the world record holder on the 500 m and the 1,000 m ) had a somewhat disappointing performance ; she finished fourth on the 500 m , one tenth of a second short of a medal , and she won the bronze medal on the 1,000 m. After that , Rylova would not make any more international appearances except once , four years later , when she won another bronze medal at the 1964 World Allround Championship . During the intermediate years , she had not won much on a national level . Her last appearance at the Soviet Allround Championships was in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b66d1c1647f4544213cc718eda99db", "text": "Venera Chernyshova Venera Mikhailovna Chernyshova ( Венера Михайловна Чернышова born 5 March 1954 ) is a former Soviet biathlete . Chernyshova was a part of the Soviet biathlon team during the 1980s . In five World Championships for women from 1984 to 1988 , Chernyshova won five gold medals with the Soviet relay team . At the 1984 World Championships Chernyshova became the first female World Champion in the 10 km individual and the 5 km sprint . With the Soviet relay team she also won the first relay at the World Championships for women . Chernyshova also won individual medals at the 1985 World Championships with a bronze in the sprint , at the 1987 World Championships with a silver in the sprint and at the 1988 World Championships with a bronze in the individual . With seven gold , one silver and two bronze medals , Chernyshova is one of the most successful biathletes at the World Championships of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9761e086ec0b890b6ce4c7e8f3c3cdd", "text": "Neva Cup The Neva Cup ( previously known as the Kivenappa Ladies ' Cup ) is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hard courts . The event is classified as a $ 100,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Saint Petersburg , Russia , since 2012 . In 2016 , the tournament moved from the outdoor clay courts of the Children 's Tennis Center to the indoor hard courts of Tennis Center Dinamo . In 2017 tournament upgraded to WTA 125K series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1585fb8a9a5525acff35fa07a57af74e", "text": "Andrea Hlaváčková Andrea Hlaváčková ( -LSB- ˈandrɛa ˈɦlavaːtʃkovaː -RSB- ; born 10 August 1986 ) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . Her highest singles ranking is World No. 58 , which she reached in September 2012 , and her highest doubles ranking is World No. 3 , reached on 22 October 2012 . In her career , Hlaváčková has won 14 WTA doubles titles , as well as 17 ITF doubles titles and seven ITF singles titles . Hlaváčková has won two Grand Slam doubles titles , the 2011 French Open and the 2013 US Open , both times partnered with Lucie Hradecká . The pair are also the 2012 Olympic silver medallists . She was part of the winning Czech team in Fed Cup 2012 . She also won the mixed doubles title at the 2013 US Open paired with Max Mirnyi . Hlaváčková 's elder sister is retired tennis player Jana Hlaváčková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6568c8f8533a7883ae98628161b84475", "text": "Tour of Bulgaria The Tour of Bulgaria is an annual international professional bicycle race held in Bulgaria that was first staged on 21 August 1924 . It is part of UCI Europe Tour and is category 2.2 . The race covers about 1,500 kilometres and lasts two weeks . As of 2012 , 62 editions were held . The longest length of the race was in 1949 -- 1905 km . The course changes every year , but the race has always started in Sofia . In the race , cyclists from more than 40 countries have been competing . During the Cold War , the Tour of Bulgaria was one of the most prestigious cycling races in Europe , drawing skilled cyclists from the countries that traditionally produce strong racers , such as Italy , France and Netherlands . Although after the changes in 1989 the race lost some of its prestige for the cyclists in the peloton , nowadays it becomes more and more attractive for them . For example , in 2010 Francisco Mancebo who finished second in the 2004 Vuelta a España and fourth in the 2005 Tour de France , competed in it but only succeeded to finish third after the Bulgarian Krasimir Vasilev and Ricardo Mestre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0725c6c6b7bb73fe2c14b50c16400310", "text": "Helena Suková Helena Suková ( -LSB- ˈɦɛlɛna ˈsukovaː -RSB- ) ( born 23 February 1965 ) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . During her career , she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles , 9 of them in women 's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles . She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f036f2853512ff279ef28ba859c807", "text": "Inga Artamonova Inga Grigoryevna Artamonova ( И́нга Григо́рьевна Артамо́нова 29 August 1936 -- 4 January 1966 ) was a Soviet speed skater , the first four-time Allround World Champion in women 's speed skating history . After her marriage in 1959 to fellow speed skater Gennady Voronin , she was also known as Inga Voronina . At the age of twelve , Inga Artamonova began rowing , becoming Master of Sports of the USSR and winning in the USSR Junior Championships . Later , she began speed skating . Skating for Dynamo in Moscow , Artamonova won the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 1957 , 1958 , and 1962 , and was second in 1963 and 1964 before capturing her fourth World Championships title in 1965 . She also was five times Soviet Allround Champion and 26 times Soviet Champion in individual distances . Over the course of her career , Artamonova set of a number of world records , including four in two days in 1962 when she set new marks on the 500 m , 1,500 m , and 3,000 m , which also resulted in a new world record on the mini combination ( 500 m -- 1,000 m -- 1,500 m -- 3,000 m ; the distances then in use at the World Allround Championships for women ) . She was also eight times winner of the prestigious Kirov Prize , winning all editions between 1958 and 1965 . Her husband Gennady , who could not deal with all Artamonova 's successes , had by this time become an alcoholic and seen his own speed skating career vanish . Murdered by Gennady at the age of 29 , Artamonova was interred in the Vagankovskoye Cemetery in Moscow . She is the author of the book `` I Am Learning to Go on the Ground '' , which was published after her death , in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30df1803c1c23b107dad62a152cb50f1", "text": "Daniela Urzi Daniela Urzi ( -LSB- daˈnjela ˈursi -RSB- ; born October 28 , 1975 , San Fernando , Buenos Aires ) is a fashion model from Argentina . She has appeared in fashion campaigns for Armani Jeans , the Giorgio Armani collection , Roberto Cavalli , Burberry , and John Richmond , and has done catalog work for Victoria 's Secret . Her magazine covers include international editions of Vogue and ELLE . Directly from Latin America , a new young man has managed to carve out a prestigious niche in the world of fashion . Daniela Urzi is not only just a girl of study or a body 86-59-86 ( chest , waist , hip ) walking on the catwalk , is a name that is printed on paper and has managed to achieve that throne , within Argentine models only he had Valeria Mazza . But unlike the latter , Daniela flees the look of blond with blue eyes and points to the rage of the moment wearing a brown hair that enhances his blue eyes . This gives it a personal touch that has been captured on the covers of various publications such as Marie Claire ( France ) , Elle ( Spain and Argentina ) , Cosmopolitan ( Argentina ) and Harper 's Bazaar . It has also been the face of brands like Victoria ' s Secret Cortefiel , Silhouette , Mango , Giorgio Armani , Candy , Margaret Astor , La Perla , Burberry , Chanel N ° 5 , Revlon and Triumph . -", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee977ee4f7b9e8e1da8f7b3e907d657", "text": "Margaret Court career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Australian former tennis player Margaret Court . She won 64 Grand Slam events ( 24 singles , 19 doubles , 21 mixed doubles ) , which is a record for a male or female player . Her 24 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in mixed doubles are also all-time records for both sexes . She achieved a career Grand Slam in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles . She is one of two women to have achieved the calendar year Grand Slam in singles in the Open Era ( alongside Steffi Graf ) , and is the only woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam , which she did twice . Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played ( 24 of 47 ) . She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era , an all-time record . Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106 , for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces ( hard , clay , grass , carpet ) , is also an all-time record . She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 ( 113-8 ) , 1968 ( 107-12 ) , 1969 ( 104-6 ) , 1970 ( 110-6 ) , and 1973 ( 108-6 ) . She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top 10 players ( 297-73 ) and was the year-end top ranked player seven times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e3cb4e3124ce49ef99aca757a48911", "text": "2005 Zurich Open The 2005 Zurich Open was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the event known as the Zurich Open , and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour . It took place at the Hallenstadion in Zürich , Switzerland , from 17 October through 23 October 2002 . First-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ad9859af7e0afe3733eb40a5487701", "text": "2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 3000 and 5000 metres The 3000 and 5000 metres distances for women in the 2008 -- 09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup were contested over six races on six occasions , out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season , with the first occasion taking place in Berlin , Germany , on 7 -- 9 November 2008 , and the final occasion taking place in Salt Lake City , United States , on 6 -- 7 March 2009 . Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic successfully defended her title from the previous season , while Daniela Anschütz-Thoms of Germany came second , and Kristina Groves of Canada came third .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a568bd39e5ac1cafdfb1a366d624f1cc", "text": "Olga Panova Olga Alexandrovna Panova ( Ольга Александровна Панова born 7 January 1987 in Krasnodar ) is a retired Russian tennis player . Panova won nine doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career . On 17 July 2006 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 274 . On 21 August 2006 , she peaked at world number 192 in the doubles rankings . Partnering Ekaterina Makarova in 2005 , Panova was runner-up at the $ 75,000 ITF Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge . She made her WTA tour debut at the 2006 İstanbul Cup , partnering Vasilisa Davydova in doubles , but lost her first round match against Yuliana Fedak and Eva Hrdinová . Olga 's younger sister , Alexandra Panova , is also a tennis player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbe11b02c3ffad2b78f7fa8abfff5595", "text": "Sidecar World Championship FIM Sidecar World Championship is the international sidecar racing championship . It is the only remaining original FIM road racing championship class that started in 1949 . It was formerly named Superside when the sidecars moved from being part of Grand Prix Motorcycles racing to being support events for the Superbike World Championship . In 2010 the FIM took over the management of the series from the Superside promoters , and the championship was called `` FIM Sidecar World Championship '' . However , the FIM still uses the word Superside for promotion purposes , despite the demise of the Superside promoters . The championship is raced over a number of rounds ( 8 in 2013 ) at race circuits , mainly in Europe , although in other years they have been held in United States ( Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca ) , South Africa ( Kyalami ) and Australia ( Phillip Island ) . The 2013 Calendar consists of races in Aragon ( Spain , supporting the WSBK ) , Rijeka ( Croatia ) , two rounds at Assen ( Netherlands , first round supporting MotoGP ) , Sachsenring ( Germany , supporting MotoGP ) , Oschersleben ( Germany , supporting Endurance World Championship ) , Schleiz ( Germany ) , and Le Mans ( France , supporting Endurance World Championship ) . In 2014 , for the first time a Kawasaki rig won the title with Tim Reeves and Gregory Cluze ending an 11 years consecutive Suzuki run . In 2016 Kirsi Kainulainen became the first woman motorcycle world champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29b581320358b4f14a090082f6c7365c", "text": "Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova career statistics This is a list of career statistics of Russian professional tennis player Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova . To date , Pavlyuchenkova has won ten singles titles and five doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708ad38b8d4893eae8df5d0e0e20246", "text": "Stephanie DeFina Stephanie DeFina Johnson ( born March 8 , 1946 ) is an American former amateur tennis player who was active in the 1960s and early 1970s . DeFina was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1966 through 1968 , reaching a career high ranking of seventh in 1967 . Her best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the fourth round of the 1967 Wimbledon Championships in which she lost to Ann Jones . In 1966 , she reached the final of the U.S. Women 's Clay Court Championships before falling to Nancy Richey . In 1969 , she was a doubles runner-up at the New England Women 's Invitational Indoor Tennis Championships ( teaming with Kathy Pigeon ) and was the singles runner-up at the U.S. Indoor Championships . At the tournament in Cincinnati , DeFina won two singles titles : in 1963 ( defeating Jane `` Peaches '' Bartkowicz in the final ) and 1965 ( defeating Roberta Alison in the final ) . She also paired with Alison to win the Cincinnati doubles title in 1965 . In 1968 DeFina was a member of the U.S. team that competed for the Wightman Cup , the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . She played the doubles match partnering Kathy Harter but lost to the sister team of Christine Truman Janes and Nell Truman . DeFina was a member of the 1974 World Team Tennis champion Denver Racquets .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6259b869a22cfb0a39ca3610ddd074d", "text": "Aliens (film) Aliens is a 1986 American science fiction horror film written and directed by James Cameron , produced by Gale Anne Hurd and starring Sigourney Weaver , Carrie Henn , Michael Biehn , Paul Reiser , Lance Henriksen , William Hope , and Bill Paxton . It is the sequel to the 1979 film Alien and the second installment in the Alien franchise . The film follows Weaver 's character Ellen Ripley as she returns to the moon where her crew encountered the hostile Alien creature , this time accompanied by a unit of space marines . Gordon Carroll , David Giler , and Walter Hill of Brandywine Productions , who produced the first film and its later sequels , served as executive producers on Aliens . They were interested in a follow-up to Alien as soon as its 1979 release , but the new management at 20th Century Fox postponed those plans until 1983 . That year Brandywine picked Cameron to write after reading his script for The Terminator ; when that film became a hit in 1984 , Fox greenlit Aliens with Cameron as director and a budget of approximately . The script was written with a war film tone influenced by the Vietnam War to contrast the horror motifs of the original Alien . It was filmed in England at Pinewood Studios and at a decommissioned power plant in Acton , London . Aliens grossed worldwide . It was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including a Best Actress nomination for Sigourney Weaver , winning both Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects . It won eight Saturn Awards , including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Actress for Weaver and Best Direction and Best Writing for Cameron . Aliens is considered one of the best films in its genre . A sequel Alien 3 was released in 1992 , with Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley and Lance Henriksen as Bishop in the film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99", "text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7461bbe10c74888a9eb0581480f055a7", "text": "Cyberwar (video game) Cyberwar is a PC game based on the film The Lawnmower Man and a direct sequel to the video game adaptation of the film , which itself takes place after the film . It was released in 1994 by SCi . Ports were announced for the Sega CD , 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , and in Japan only for the Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation , but only the Japan-only PlayStation version was released . The player is assigned the role of Dr. Angelo , sent in to Virtual Reality to defeat Jobe , who , in the film was born simple but increased his brain capacity by 400 % using Virtual Reality . He eventually leaves his physical body and enters VR permanently . The various gameplay elements are based on the Virtual Reality segments seen in the original film . For instance , one of the levels has the player flying through tunnels avoiding multiple objects , much like one of the games in the film . If the player misses any part of any challenge , he reaches a game over . Cyberwar consists of three discs but also includes a CD with the soundtrack featured in the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2495e07a8122b256bb8068c5bbda94b", "text": "Evil Aliens Evil Aliens is a British slapstick horror-comedy film directed by Jake West , in the tradition of films such as Braindead , House , and Evil Dead . It was the first full-length British horror film to be filmed using Sony HD ( High Definition ) cameras , and contains almost 140 digital effects shots and a huge amount of gory conventional special effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44642d0dcbda2f8ec90cbe9d1e961412", "text": "In Search of Aliens In Search of Aliens is an American television series that premiered on July 25 , 2014 on the H2 channel . Produced by Prometheus Entertainment , the program follows Giorgio A. Tsoukalos , an ancient alien astronaut hypothesist and leading contributor to the television show Ancient Aliens , as he presents hypotheses and possible evidence of extraterrestrial life , mythological creatures , and other paranormal subjects . Episodes typically consist of Tsoukalos interviewing various experts and other sources about subjects such as the Loch Ness Monster , Bigfoot , and Atlantis in an attempt to determine whether or not they exist and if ancient astronaut theory is applicable to such topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e9a023df2d08595e513864ef416feab", "text": "Impostor (short story) `` Impostor '' is a science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick . It was first published in Astounding magazine in June , 1953 . Spence Olham , a member of a team designing an offensive weapon to destroy invading aliens known as the Outspacers , is confronted by a colleague and accused by security officer Major Peters of being an android impostor designed to sabotage Earth 's defenses . The impostor 's ship was damaged and has crashed just outside the city . The android is supposed to detonate a planet-destroying bomb on the utterance of a deadly code phrase . Olham , in an attempt to clear his name and prove his humanity , manages to escape his captors and return to Earth after they fail to kill him on the moon . Upon reaching Earth , Olham contacts his wife , Mary , but is soon ambushed by security officers waiting for him by his house . Out of options and with Major Peters ' forces closing in , Olham decides to prove he is a human by finding the crashed Outspacer spaceship and recovering the android 's body from the wreckage . Unfortunately , the discovery of a bloody knife by the wreckage indicates to Olham that Peters was correct and that the real Spence Olham had already been killed . The android , now aware of the truth of its existence , proclaims `` If that 's Olham , then I must be ... '' causing the bomb to detonate , the explosion visible even to the Outspacers of Alpha Centauri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f8b288d5b9b64ca51ce3a3bd406937", "text": "Alien abduction claimants Alien abduction claimants ( also called abductees and experiencers ) are people who have claimed to have been abducted by aliens . The term `` abduction phenomenon '' describes claims of non-human creatures kidnapping individuals and temporarily removing them from familiar terrestrial surroundings . The abductors , usually interpreted as being extraterrestrial life forms , are said to subject experiencers to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the alleged experiencer 's reproductive system . The first alien abduction narrative to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Since that time , the credibility and mental health of alleged experiencers has taken on great importance to those seeking to determine the veracity of the abduction claims . Mainstream academics and members of the skeptics movement generally doubt that the phenomenon occurs literally as reported , and have proposed a variety of alternate explanations . Such skeptics often argue that the phenomenon might be a modern-day folk myth or vivid dreams occurring in a state of sleep paralysis . On the contrary ufologists and paranormal researchers hold positions closer to the face-value of abduction claims . The discovery of common psychological traits shared by abductees would have the potential to determine a neurological explanation for the claims , while other commonalities or differences may serve to reinforce that the claims of the experiencers do in fact correspond with objective reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e88692b60dc79e513d6091a2dbc12c2c", "text": "List of fictional extraterrestrials This list of fictional extraterrestrial species is subsidiary to the lists of fictional species and is a collection of various notable extraterrestrial species that appear in various works of fiction . It is limited to well-referenced examples from literature , film , television , comics , animation and video games . This list excludes cases in which only a single member of a species is shown , such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4d63d8d887c064c3e348c952adb7dd7", "text": "List of Star Wars species (K–O) This is a list of Star Wars species , containing the names of fictional sentient species from the Star Wars franchise beginning with the letters K through O. Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas . The first film in the series , Star Wars , was released on May 25 , 1977 and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon , followed by five sequels and three prequels . Many species of alien creatures ( often humanoid ) are depicted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14518a34e0d980737bdd8ac9dbeefc76", "text": "Outpost 37 Outpost 37 ( also known as Alien Outpost ) is a 2014 science fiction action thriller film . The film follows a documentary crew sent to record the daily lives of the soldiers of Outpost 37 , 12 years after the initial alien invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb5ce26814936a3cf9b2697c61662c4", "text": "Return to Eden (novel) Return To Eden is a 1988 science fiction novel by American writer Harry Harrison . The novel is the third and final volume in Harrison 's Eden . The first two stories of the trilogy are West of Eden and Winter in Eden . The novel tells an alternate history of planet Earth in which the extinction of the dinosaurs never occurred . There is a war between a group of Cro-Magnon-level humans , who are descended from New World Monkeys , and a reptilian race called the Yilanè , who are descended from the prehistoric mosasaur and have become the dominant lifeform on the planet . The central characters from the first book return , Vaintè , an ambitious Yilanè , and Kerrick , a `` ustuzou '' ( the Yilanè word for mammal ) captured by the Yilanè as a boy and raised by them . Kerrick eventually escapes to rejoin his own people and burn the Yilanè colony city .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5f927a992186a7d9c4106ccdae2c06d1", "text": "Gunday Gunday ( English : Outlaws ) is a 2014 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and produced by Aditya Chopra . The film features Ranveer Singh , Arjun Kapoor , Priyanka Chopra and Irrfan Khan in the principal roles . The film starts off in the 1970s , with the introduction of 2 young boys : Bikram and Bala , who initially become gun carriers and later coal bandits . They ultimately grow up to become the most powerful goons of Calcutta . The film was released on 14 February 2014 . The film also released in Bengali with a full Bengali soundtrack also composed by Sohail Sen. Though , in some of the Bengali songs , the singers differ from the original . This was also the first Indian film to have its trailer premiere at the Dubai International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea2ca512edd92ee289172a16208cbec4", "text": "Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather . Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' . The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7a4c5e27c6bc511f9497b8e450c5a6", "text": "Cakeday", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85de64213596aa316c9a5d0db134a88a", "text": "Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd0f37a68987d24d9ab26962f3429f7", "text": "Sweet Memories Sweet Memories ( also known as Sweet Memories of Yesterday and Sweetheart Days ) is a 1911 silent short romantic drama film , written and directed by Thomas H. Ince , released by the Independent Moving Pictures Company on March 27 , 1911 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ebfaa086b46c5ae1f93039029456ab", "text": "Sa (film) SA is a 2016 Kannada-language romantic thriller film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df4e32fe4e36e0b2663c56d0bf20a886", "text": "Gun (2011 film) Gun is a 2011 Kannada film in the action genre starring Harish Raj and Mallika Kapoor in the lead roles . Nikitha also plays an important role . The film has been directed and written by Harish Raj and is jointly produced by K. Murali under Nishanth Constructions . The music was composed by Ronnie Raphel . Kalyan and Kaviraj wrote the lyrics for the songs . The film was released on 25 February 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38c9d99705caa2aa846f88dfd4237ce", "text": "The Cooler The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer . The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah . In old-school gambling parlance , a casino `` cooler '' is an unlucky individual , usually a casino employee , whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c83d9f1cd77df95ebba26c282ab09f9", "text": "American Gun (2002 film) American Gun is a 2002 drama film written and directed by Alan Jacobs . It stars James Coburn ( in his final film ) , Virginia Madsen , Barbara Bain and Alexandra Holden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a5cfe8d0589c2e5b584f3e5238f6e4", "text": "Dream Boy (film) Dream Boy is a 2008 gay-themed romantic drama film written and directed by James Bolton and based on Jim Grimsley 's 1995 novel of the same name about two gay teenagers who fall in love in the rural South during the late 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e265863ef32115510b7449e646812b", "text": "Love Story (1970 film) Love Story is a 1970 American romantic drama film written by Erich Segal , who was also the author of the best-selling novel of the same name . It was produced by Howard G. Minskyand directed by Arthur Hiller and starred Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal , alongside John Marley , Ray Milland , and Tommy Lee Jones in his film debut in a minor role . A tragedy , the film is considered one of the most romantic by the American Film Institute ( # 9 on the list ) and is # 37 in the list of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States . It was followed by a sequel , Oliver 's Story ( 1978 ) , starring O'Neal with Candice Bergen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "837676cdab535ac9e92463c20dc6cafd", "text": "Miley Somehow Miley Somehow is a 2013 independent Hindi romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Vikram Yoganand and shot in and around Bangalore by a crew of young Bangalorean filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5db3215c00e274f85e7b4dfb2e20685", "text": "Bop Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Bop Gun '' is the second season premiere of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street , and the tenth overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 6 , 1994 . In the episode , the Baltimore homicide unit investigates the shooting death of the wife of a tourist , played by guest star Robin Williams . The episode was written by David Mills and David Simon based on a story by executive producer Tom Fontana , and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal . In response to network feedback and poor ratings from the first season , `` Bop Gun '' marked several changes in the series , including a less bleak visual style and a greater focus on one plot , rather than multiple subplots . It was also the first episode to focus primarily on a homicide victim , rather than on the detectives . Simon felt the dialogue was realistic , especially that of the dark humor employed by detectives as a coping mechanism for dealing with the horrors of the job . Williams previously worked with Homicide executive producer Barry Levinson on the films Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) and Toys ( 1992 ) . This led to speculation that Williams took the role on `` Bop Gun '' as a favor to Levinson , but the actor insisted it was out of admiration for the series itself . A young Jake Gyllenhaal , the son of the episode 's director , makes an appearance as Williams ' son . The episode was the first to feature Chris Tergesen as music coordinator , which resulted in the use of more songs than previous episodes , including `` Killer '' by Seal and `` Feels Like Rain '' by Buddy Guy . `` Bop Gun '' was seen by 16.3 million viewers , one of the highest Nielsen ratings of the week , thanks in large part due to interest in Williams ' appearance . The episode received generally positive reviews , with several particularly complimenting the dramatic performance by Williams . `` Bop Gun '' won a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay of an Episodic Drama . Williams also received an Emmy Award nomination for Guest Actor in a Drama Series . The episode , along with the rest of the first and second seasons of Homicide : Life on the Street was released on DVD in the United States on May 27 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9505491ba2e34af75d38397901b4821", "text": "Bullets in the Gun (song) `` Bullets in the Gun '' is a song co-written by Toby Keith and Rivers Rutherford , and recorded by Keith . It is the title track to , and second single from , his 2010 album Bullets in the Gun . The song was released on 27 September 2010 and entered the country music charts at number 37 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c052f0162640e45cda200d4d6f0d9c3c", "text": "Gunhed (film) is a 1989 Japanese science fiction and action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5a1348ca2ee8bd13a5c99fb4139cdc", "text": "Love Today (film) Love Today is a 1997 Tamil romance film written and directed by Balasekaran , who made his debut with the venture . This film features Vijay and Suvalakshmi in the lead roles while Manthra , Raghuvaran , Karan and Bindu Panicker all play other supporting roles . The film opened to big positive reviews from critics and did well at the box office . The Movie was declared as an All Time Blockbuster by completing 175 days at the Boxoffice . It was also dubbed in Hindi as Dil Ki Dagar . The movie was remade into Telugu as Suswagatham ( 1998 ) starring Pawan Kalyan and Devayani .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5833d6e44c5474ba1ee796e31f93e186", "text": "Like for Likes Like for Likes ( Korean : 좋아해줘 ) is a 2016 South Korean romantic comedy film directed by Park Hyun-jin . It was released in South Korea on February 17 , 2016 by CJ Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "25a80a4892c9fd7b8d5c50bb6213b418", "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( -LSB- ˈbɒzniə_ənd_ˌhɛərtsəɡoʊˈviːnə , _ - ˌhɜːrt - , _ - ɡə - -RSB- or -LSB- ˌhɜːrtsəˈɡɒvᵻnə -RSB- B&H ; Bosnian , Croatian , Serbian : Bosna i Hercegovina / Боснa и Херцеговина -LSB- bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina -RSB- ) , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina ( BiH ) , and , in short , often known informally as Bosnia , is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bordered by Croatia to the north , west , and south ; Serbia to the east ; Montenegro to the southeast ; and the Adriatic Sea to the south , with a coastline about 20 km long surrounding the city of Neum . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest it is moderately hilly , and the northeast is predominantly flatland . The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography . Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it would remain from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I . In the interwar period , Bosnia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II , the country was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia , the country proclaimed independence in 1992 , which was followed by the Bosnian War , lasting until late 1995 . Today , the country maintains high literacy , life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region , projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020 . Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations , its cuisine , winter sports , its eclectic and unique music , architecture and its festivals , some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe . The country is home to three main ethnic groups or , officially , constituent peoples , as specified in the constitution . Bosniaks are the largest group of the three , with Serbs second and Croats third . A native of Bosnia and Herzegovina , regardless of ethnicity , is identified in English as a Bosnian . The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction , and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own . Moreover , the country was simply called `` Bosnia '' until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the 19th century . Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group . However , the central government 's power is highly limited , as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities : the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska , with a third region , the Brčko District , governed under local government . The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself complex and consists of 10 cantons . The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation membership since April 2010 , when it received a Membership Action Plan at a summit in Tallinn . Additionally , the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "750a4dd920989d18abbadeaf03bb6ed0", "text": "Government of Niger The government of Niger is the apparatus through which authority functions and is exercised : the governing apparatus of Nigerien state . The current system of governance , since the Constitution 18 July 1999 , is termed the Fifth Republic of Niger . It is a semi-presidential republic , whereby the President of Niger is head of state and the Prime Minister of Niger head of government . The officials holding these posts are chosen through a representative democratic process of national and local elections , in the context of a competing multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature : its Constitutional Court has jurisdiction over constitutional and electoral matters . National government , has , since 1999 , been supplemented by locally elected officials , who in turn choose representatives at the Departmental and Regional levels . Prior to 1999 , these levels of government had always been appointed by the central government . Central governance is carried out by professional administrative agencies , directed by the Office of the President and/or the Ministries headed by members of the National Assembly appointed to the post by the President . The remainder of Ministry offices are filled by non-political professional administrators . Local governance is carried out by local , departmental , and regional councils , the Ministry of Territorial Collectivities , officials chosen by these elected bodies , and professional government employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7eda8482225097f7e93443e9dabda1", "text": "House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the legislative body of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78e84636b7ffc747bd95a56b8ed7625d", "text": "Sarajevo List Sarajevo List ( in Swedish : Sarajevolistan ) was a political project in Sweden launched ahead of the 1995 European Parliament elections . The group contested the elections , with the intention of `` giving a voice to Bosnia '' in the European Parliament . The Sarajevo List urged Western countries to intervene in favour of the Bosnian Muslims in the ongoing Bosnian War . Leading figures of the Sarajevo List were Wilhelm Agrell , Per Svensson , Bibi Andersson , Jesús Alcalá and Maciej Zaremba . In the elections the Sarajevo List got 26,875 votes ( 1 % ) , but failed to win any seats . Category : Political parties established in 1995 Category : Defunct political parties in Sweden Category : Single-issue political parties", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5451feb7f8acd9c23bf4335f158a28c1", "text": "Elections in Kazakhstan Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament , which is divided into two bodies , the Majilis ( Lower House ) and the Senate ( Upper House ) . Local elections for maslikhats ( local representative bodies ) are held every five years . Elections are administered by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan . There are more than 10 political parties in Kazakhstan . Kazakhstan 's political opposition is the most developed in the region in terms of its organizational abilities and resources . None of the elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western countries or international observers with issues noted including ballot tampering , multiple voting , repression of opposition candidates -RSB- -RSB- and press censorship . The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights has deployed election monitors to Kazakhstan for observation of parliamentary and presidential elections since 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ebac84c6f54a7788abd4c30b1e3f9f0", "text": "Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative . The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact . One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c826674c854802137d78f9d923bd6580", "text": "Organized crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Bosnian Mafia ( or Bosnian organized crime ) is the body of illegal gangs and criminal organisations operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina and within the Bosnian diaspora . Bosnian organised crime figures operate mostly in Europe . Bosnian organised-crime groups are involved in a wide range of activities and extortion is ( often under the cover of ostensible security and insurance companies ) . Smuggling revenues are between $ 600 million and $ 900 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "468393e1544df05325dbfb5abaccf77d", "text": "Army of Republika Srpska The Army of Republika Srpska ; Serbian , Bosnian , Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske ( VRS ) ) , also referred to as the Bosnian Serb Army , was the military of the Republika Srpska , an area which was previously the `` Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina '' . In 2003 the army began to integrate into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 2005 a fully integrated unit of Serbs , Bosniaks , and Croats was deployed to augment the US-led coalition forces in Iraq . On 6 June 2006 , it was fully integrated into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina controlled by the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c62e4b5b7d71ff43c5e6b0beb5641e8a", "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Russia relations are the bilateral relations between the two countries , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Russia . Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force . Russia recognized the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 27 April 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7449a09c872f896540eb004872abf965", "text": "List of Presidents of Serbia The following article contains a list of Presidents of Serbia . The list includes the heads of state of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and heads of state of the Republic of Serbia ( 1992 -- 2006 ) , a constituent country of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . Prior to 1974 , Serbia 's head of state was the speaker of the Serbian parliament . The President of the Republic ( Predsednik Republike , Председник Републике ) is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms . In addition to being the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces , the President has the procedural duty of appointing the Prime Minister with the consent of the National Assembly , and has some influence on foreign policy . The President 's office is located in Novi Dvor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21755af6e79c04dc78678253c2364c00", "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations The 1992-95 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was ended with the help of participation by the United States in brokering the 1995 Dayton Agreement . The United States maintains command of the NATO headquarters in Sarajevo . The United States has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to help with infrastructure , humanitarian aid , economic development , and military reconstruction in Herzegovina and Bosnia . The U.S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Support for Eastern European Democracies ( SEED ) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina , including programs in economic development and reform , democratic reform ( media , elections ) , infrastructure development , and training programs for Bosnian professionals , among others . Additionally , there are many non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) that have likewise played significant roles in the reconstruction . According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report , 33 % of Bosnia and Herzegovina 's people approve of U.S. leadership , with 49 % disapproving and 18 % uncertain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b769eb27cbdb7bfa0cd6738d49e90a8", "text": "Yugoslavian general election, 2000 General elections were held in Yugoslavia on 24 September 2000 . They were the first free elections held in Yugoslavia ( Serbia and Montenegro ) since the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia in 1992 , and the first free direct elections of any sort held in that country since 1927 . In the presidential election , official results initially showed Vojislav Koštunica of the Democratic Opposition led incumbent Slobodan Milošević of the Socialist Party of Serbia in the first round of voting , but short of the 50.01 percent needed to avoid a runoff election . However , Koštunica claimed he was not only ahead , but had finished just a few thousand votes over the threshold to win a first-round victory . Spontaneous protests broke out in support of Koštunica , and Milošević was forced to resign on 7 October and concede the presidency to Koštunica . Revised totals were subsequently released showing Koštunica had indeed won a narrow first-round victory , with just over 50.2 percent of the vote . In the Federal Assembly elections the Democratic Opposition emerged as the largest party in the Chamber of Citizens , whilst the Socialist People 's Party of Montenegro won the most seats in the Chamber of Republics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76b879f02fef28ed133253f8db26d41b", "text": "Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Workers ' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Radničko-komunistička partija Bosne i Hercegovine ) is a communist party from Bosnia and Herzegovina . It was formed in 2000 and strongly opposes the nationalism of the region and the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Some of their major aims are the introduction of workers ' self-management and participatory democracy , as well as the establishment of a socialist federal Yugoslavia . They say they are not motivated by nostalgia , as they are critical of Josip Broz Tito . They believe that socialism has to be democratic and strongly oppose the system of the former Soviet Union and other former governments . They have been particularly influenced by Rosa Luxemburg and Antonio Gramsci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e1c54246d6d1020847b5aa8977969d", "text": "Ante Jelavić Ante Jelavić ( born 21 August 1963 ) is a Bosnian Croat politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Jelavić was born in 1963 in Podprolog , Vrgorac , Croatia , then Yugoslavia , and was elected to the post as a candidate of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Jelavić served as Chairman of the Presidency from 15 June 1999 , to 14 February 2000 . He was removed from his position on the three-member Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina by decision of the High Representative , Wolfgang Petritsch , in March 2001 . Petritsch justified his decision by observing that Jelavić had `` directly violated the constitutional order of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of Bosnia and Herzegovina '' ; in particular he cited Jelavić 's leading role in the ` Croat National Assembly ' rally in Mostar of 3 March 2001 , calling for a separate governing entity for Bosnian Croats . On 22 January 2004 , he was arrested in his home in Mostar , on charges of corruption . On 4 November 2005 , the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo found Jelavić guilty of abuse of office , embezzlement of office , and lack of commitment in office . The findings of guilt related , in part , to the use of funds from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ministry of Defence to purchase shares in banking and insurance firms Hercegovačka Banka and Herzegovina Osiguranje . Judge Malcolm Simmons presided , A sentence of ten years imprisonment was subsequently pronounced , although Jelavić was not present at the sentencing hearing and remained at large . His attorney , Dragan Barbarić , acting in his client 's absence , initiated a successful appeal against the first instance verdict on the grounds that it lacked proper factual description of the offence and as such was in violation of criminal procedural law . On 4 July 2006 , with the verdict revoked , the appeal panel , presided over by Judge Nedžad Popovac , called for new proceedings in which evidence presented at the first trial will be re-presented and in which new evidence may also be presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6d2462ee5bd5fc6f1768ecfe7c4d68", "text": "Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian , Croatian and Serbian : Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine Cyrillic : Академија наука и умјетности Босне и Херцеговине ) is the national academy of Bosnia and Herzegovina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5f827642ba91215aac62685d1317f9b", "text": "Contact Group (Balkans) The Contact Group is the name for an informal grouping of Great Powers that have a significant interest in policy developments in the Balkans . The Contact Group is composed of United States , United Kingdom , France , Germany , Italy , and Russia . It was first created in response to the war and the crisis in Bosnia in the early 1990s . The Contact Group includes four of the five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and the countries that contribute the most in troops and assistance to peacebuilding efforts in the Balkans . Representatives of the EU Council , EU Presidency , European Commission and NATO generally attend Contact Group meetings . The Contact Group has taken a major interest in the UN-led process to determine the future political status of Kosovo and Metohija ( i.e. , whether it should be independent or remain a part of Serbia ) . The Contact Group meets regularly with UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari , who has been charged with running the future status process . The Contact Group has no Secretariat or permanent staff -- it is simply an informal grouping of countries that meets regularly at various levels to coordinate international policy initiatives in southeast Europe . Contact Group public statements , often negotiated to painstaking detail within the group , are considered to be significant statements of the international community 's policy and intentions in the region . The Contact Group usually meets at the level of Balkans director ( i.e. , the highest-ranking diplomats in charge of the Balkans in each foreign ministry ) . Occasionally , however , the Contact Group meets at the level of Political Director or even Foreign Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e4b9c0879a2f65fa1d46b122426dfbe", "text": "Brčko District The Brčko District ( -LSB- br̩̂t͡ʃkɔː -RSB- ; Bosnian : Brčko distrikt / Брчко дистрикт ) in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a self-governing administrative unit as well as condominium under the dual sovereignty of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and new formed Republika Srpska . The seat of the district is the city of Brčko .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b70a1b22c51b146418816071bdc4409", "text": "Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina was impacted by the Balkan War of the early 1990s , during which Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence . Bosnia faced many challenges during the war , including bombings throughout the country that ruined much of the infrastructure . Parallel regimes took over Bosnia and flipped the country upside down with land mines , bullets , and bombings . The war displaced over 800,000 refugees and killed over 100,000 people . The war in Bosnia also consisted of an ethnic `` cleanse '' of Bosnian Muslims initiated by Bosnian Serbs , which included containment of Bosniaks in concentration camps . The war ended with NATO involvement and the Dayton Agreement in 1995 . The Dayton Agreement acknowledges Bosnia and Herzegovina as a democratic country and the country is moving toward the basic principals that accompany that , such as civil rights and equality . During the war there was minimal attention given to the standard of health and major public health concerns , such as pest control , hygiene , disinfection , and import and export programs , were all interrupted or stopped . The war affected Bosnia in many ways . The war torn country not only lost much of the infrastructure , but the economy and the governmental system were also affected . It is estimated that there are still thousands of people living as refugees and a large portion of the population still fall under the United Nations High Commission of Refugees category of a refugee or displaced person . The shortcomings of the current health care system include the lack of communication between health care centers , lack of skills , and lack of standards that are uniform throughout the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858cd250f987a57cf64fe8cb73ab77ef", "text": "National Council (Slovenia) The National Council ( Državni svet ) is according to the Constitution of Slovenia the representative of social , economic , professional and local interest groups in Slovenia and has a legislative function working as a corrective mechanism of the National Assembly , although it does not itself pass acts . It may be regarded as the upper house , but the bicameralism is distinctively incomplete . The council has 40 members : 22 representatives of local interests , six representatives of non-commercial activities , four representatives of employers , four of employees and four representatives of farmers , crafts , trades and independent professionals . It is not elected directly by the population , but meant to represent different interest groups in the country . The councillors are elected for a five-year term . The current President of the National Council is Mitja Bervar from 12 December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e45f4b157d1c873a9108690450c3ce0", "text": "Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian , Croatian and Serbian : Rukometni savez Bosne i Hercegovine / Рукометни савез Босне и Херцеговине ) is the highest Handball governing body in the country . It organizes the Premier league of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Cup of Bosnia-Herzegovina . President of Federation is Mirsad Sirćo . It is also organizes the matches of Bosnia and Herzegovina national handball team . That includes men and women , and youth teams as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f60537ada3bb80b3ce7acca4a105512", "text": "Regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina , like every European country is made of geographical and historical regions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b6f41e0447a7f16fb4c82a1bd9a274f6", "text": "Glenn Frey Glenn Lewis Frey ( -LSB- fraɪ -RSB- November 6 , 1948 -- January 18 , 2016 ) was an American singer , songwriter and actor , best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles . Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles , roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley , with whom he wrote most of the Eagles ' material . Frey played guitar , piano , and keyboards . He sang lead vocals on songs such as `` Take It Easy '' , `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' , `` Tequila Sunrise '' , `` Already Gone '' , `` Lyin ' Eyes '' , `` New Kid in Town '' , and `` Heartache Tonight '' . After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980 , Frey embarked on a successful solo career . He released his debut album , No Fun Aloud , in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits `` The One You Love '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` Sexy Girl '' , `` The Heat Is On '' , `` You Belong to the City '' , `` True Love '' , `` Soul Searchin ' '' and `` Livin ' Right '' . As a member of the Eagles , Frey won six Grammy Awards , and five American Music Awards . The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 , the first year they were nominated . Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles , Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27c0a7916eea0527ee02d83fe2c2195f", "text": "Eagles (band) The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey , Don Henley , Bernie Leadon , and Randy Meisner . With five number-one singles , six Grammy Awards , five American Music Awards , and six number one albums , the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s . At the end of the 20th century , two of their albums , Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and Hotel California , were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of `` The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine 's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . The Eagles are one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time , having sold more than 150 million records -- 100 million in the U.S. alone -- including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and 32 million copies of Hotel California . Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S. . They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history . The band released their debut album , Eagles , in 1972 , which spawned three top 40 singles : `` Take It Easy , '' `` Witchy Woman , '' and `` Peaceful Easy Feeling . '' Their next album , Desperado ( 1973 ) , was less successful than the first , only reaching number 41 on the charts ; neither of its singles reached the top 40 . However , the album does contain what would go on to be two of the band 's most popular tracks : `` Desperado '' and `` Tequila Sunrise . '' The band released On the Border in 1974 , adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album . The album generated two top 40 singles : `` Already Gone '' and their first number one , `` Best of My Love . '' Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles : `` One of These Nights , '' `` Lyin ' Eyes , '' and `` Take It to the Limit , '' the first hitting the top of the charts . Guitarist and vocalist , Joe Walsh , also joined the band in 1975 . The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California , which would go on to sell more than 16 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 32 million copies worldwide . The album yielded two number-one singles , `` New Kid in Town '' and `` Hotel California . '' They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run , which spawned three top 10 singles : `` Heartache Tonight , '' `` The Long Run , '' and `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' the lead single being another chart-topping hit . The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over , a mix of live and new studio tracks . They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2007 , the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden , their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number one album . The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album . In 2013 , they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band 's documentary release , History of the Eagles . Following the death of Frey in January 2016 , Henley stated in several interviews that he did n't think the band would perform again . However , in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "566af42c90f49ebb457259facdb4ac4a", "text": "Catalyst (band) Catalyst was a funk/jazz quartet from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , whose material presaged the work of later jazz fusion artists . The group encountered regional success in the 1970s and have become more widely known since the re-release of their material on CD . The group was discovered by producer Skip Drinkwater , who signed them to Muse Records after hearing them play at a club in West Philadelphia . Drinkwater and Dennis Wilen produced their debut self-titled LP , released in 1972 with the following personnel : Eddie Green ( keyboards , vocals ) , Sherman Ferguson ( percussion ) , Odean Pope ( saxophone , flute , oboe ) , Alphonso Johnson ( bass ) . The group received little label support for major tours and so spent most of their playing time in the Philadelphia and New York areas . The group recorded and released a second album in 1972 on Cobblestone Records , entitled Perception ; by this time , bassist Johnson had left the group to join Weather Report , and was replaced by Tyrone Brown . Drinkwater and Wilen also produced this album . Garnering comparisons to John Coltrane , Weather Report , and Return to Forever , a cult following had grown up around the band by this time , who returned in 1974 with Unity , again on Muse . The album featured Billy Hart in addition to its core members . 1975 's After a Tear and a Smile would be the group 's final release ; poor album sales and disenchantment with the industry led the group to disband in 1976 . Following their time with Catalyst , Green , Brown and Fergusson played with Pat Martino on the 1974 album Consciousness , Brown and Fergusson also played on the album Pat Martino Live recorded in 1972 on which the guitarist 's epic version of `` Sunny '' appears . And MFSB , and both Pope and Brown began playing gigs with Max Roach ; Pope also played with the Saxophone Choir . Ferguson later played with Pharoah Sanders , Bud Shank , and Kenny Burrell . In the 1990s , the Muse catalog was acquired by Joel Dorn 's 32 Jazz label , which released some of Catalyst 's work on a 1998 compilation album . Fan interest led to their entire four-album discography being released as a 2-CD set , entitled The Funkiest Band You Never Heard . `` Ai n't it the Truth '' and `` Ile Ife '' were covered by Uri Caine ( keyboards ) , A. Thompson ( Drums , from The Roots ) , and Christian McBride ( bass ) , on their album `` The Philadelphia Experiment '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05cf66d13715e9c415a4d0fc4c39857", "text": "Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band The Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band was a humorous musical group of amateur musicians living in the San Francisco , California , area who played a repertoire of polkas and light classical music while adopting a persona of mild confusion and wearing self-created uniforms once described as rejects from the Franco-Prussian War . The group originally formed one Christmas season in 1949 to play carols in Sausalito , California , and someone brought a book of polka music , possibly one of the `` Hungry Five '' books by Harry L. Alford whose music became a basic part of the Guckenheimer repertoire . The group became increasingly popular in northern California , often invited to play at wine festivals and openings and in later years for such august occasions as opening night of the San Francisco Symphony . Although all were business professionals , the group joined Local 6 of the American Federation of Musicians and became `` professional musicians '' when they were invited by San Francisco Records to make its first record album , `` Oom-Pah-Pah In Hi-Fi '' -- described on its front cover as `` The sourest German village band music ever ! '' Although the group played for laughs , all its members were quite adequate musicians , some of them very good . The occasional native German-born listener would often remark on the Guckenheimers ' similarity to actual village bands back in the old country . The village band sound was authentic enough RCA Victor signed the group to record a second album , `` Sour Kraut In Hi Fi '' ( LPM-1453 ) The name of the group was taken from an obscure brand of whiskey and adopted by the group 's leader , Richard B. Gump , who took on the persona of Herr Doktor Fritz Guckenheimer , Kapellmeister . All of the other band members adopted names that were some variant of Schmidt . Gump was a San Francisco art dealer and owner of Gump 's store in downtown San Francisco , which was also the recording location of their best known record album for RCA Victor Records `` Music For Non-Thinkers '' ( LSP/LPM 1721 ) , which was recorded on Sunday , December 29 , 1957 , in stereo . It was released in 1958 . It was re-released on an unknown date , and kept the original stereo catalog number , but adopted a new per-side catalog number as well , J2PY-2451 / J2PY-2452 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec1bfc6dfcc0c27c57044e51b74e3eb", "text": "Rail (band) Rail is an American rock band that briefly achieved national fame after winning the grand prize of MTV 's Basement Tapes competition in 1983 . Before starting their recording career the group was well known in the Seattle area under the names `` Rail & Company '' and `` Rail & Co. . '' The band was formed by drummer Kelly Nobles , bassist/singer Terry James Young and guitarist Andy Baldwin at Highland Junior High School in Bellevue , Washington in 1970 . Interlake High School mate Rick Knotts joined the band in 1973 . Rail won a best local band award from Seattle rock station KZOK-FM in 1978 . The band entered the Billboard 200 albums chart with its self-titled EMI America Records release `` Rail '' . The band toured with Van Halen , Heart , Ted Nugent , Blue Öyster Cult , Three Dog Night , The Beach Boys , Nazareth , and others . Rail released three albums and one EP between 1980 -- 1997 and remains a long-touring staple of the Washington local music scene . Although not officially recognized on any of their albums , during the early to mid-80 's several well known local artists appeared as guest performers live and in the studio . In 1985 they were joined by guitarist Ronnie Montrose for several months . He was looking for a new band , and Rick Knotts had recently left . Billed as `` Rail featuring Ronnie Montrose '' or `` Ronnie & Rail , '' they played a set of half Rail favorites and half Montrose songs ( `` Rock Candy , '' `` Rock the Nation , '' `` Matriarch , '' and Gamma 's remake of Thunderclap Newman 's `` Something in the Air '' ) . At the end of the tour , there was an amicable split . The original four members continue to perform and record together . In late 2009 , the band began work on its 5th record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f09542a91b841e02c37dda52380a417b", "text": "Cate Brothers The Cate Brothers are the singer-songwriter-musician duo of Earl and Ernest ( Ernie ) Cate ( born December 26 , 1942 ) , twin brothers from Fayetteville , Arkansas , who in the mid-1960s became performers of country soul music at clubs and dances in Arkansas and elsewhere in the mid-South of the United States . Both brothers are singers , with Earl playing guitar and Ernie playing piano . They were recording artists during the mid - to late 1970s and again from the mid-1990s through the first decade of the 2000s . In their hometown of Fayetteville in the 1950s , where rock-and-roll pioneer Ronnie Hawkins had also grown up during the 1940s , Hawkins owned and operated the Rockwood Club . Other early rock musicians came to play there , including Jerry Lee Lewis , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison and Conway Twitty . During the late 1950s the Cate brothers associated with Hawkins and his band , the Hawks , including drummer Levon Helm . In 1958 Hawkins and his band left Arkansas and settled in Canada . Later the Hawks went on to form the Band . In 1975 , Helm introduced the Cate brothers to a record company representative in Los Angeles . The brothers soon after received a recording contract with Asylum Records , and so began their recording career . Their self-titled debut album released in 1975 was produced by guitarist Steve Cropper . He also performed on the record along with Levon Helm , Donald `` Duck '' Dunn , and Poco bass guitarist Timothy B. Schmit ( who later joined the Eagles ) . The album contained the duo 's only Top 40 single , `` Union Man '' , which spent 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at # 24 in May 1976 . Two more albums followed , In One Eye and out the Other in 1976 and Cate Bros. . Band ( with drummer Terry Cagle and bassist Ron Eoff ) in 1977 . In 1979 they reached a wider audience when they appeared on the PBS music television program Austin City Limits , taped in December 1978 . In 1979 the brothers released their fourth and final album of the period , Fire on the Tracks , which reached number 24 on the album rock charts on the success of `` Union Man '' . That single was one of the songs they had performed during the Austin City Limits television show , leading up to the album 's release . During the 1980s they issued no recordings , though they remained a popular touring act around the southern country rock and blues circuit of the Tennessee and Arkansas region . In the early 1980s , the brothers joined Levon Helm , Rick Danko , Richard Manuel , and Garth Hudson in a revival of the Band ( without guitarist Robbie Robertson ) and also worked with singer Maria Muldaur . The Cate brothers resumed recording in the mid-1990s , releasing five albums on independent labels from 1995 to 2009 . Their 1995 release , Radioland , featured blues guitarist Coco Montoya , formerly with the 1980s reformed version of John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers . Porky Hill , the drummer for the Cate Brothers Band for 12 years , died in September 2000 . Ron Eoff 's brother Mickey then joined the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "209999e13cacd72eb20aafda1c7999a4", "text": "Hughes/Thrall Hughes / Thrall was musical project formed in 1982 by former Deep Purple and Trapeze bassist/vocalist Glenn Hughes and guitarist journeyman Pat Thrall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52102b1a7a7d3b53eb6c044e961672a", "text": "The Fireballs The Fireballs , sometimes billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs , were an American rock and roll group , particularly popular at the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s . The original 1958 line-up was George Tomsco ( lead guitar ) , Chuck Tharp ( vocals ) , Stan Lark ( bass ) , Eric Budd ( drums ) , and Dan Trammell ( rhythm guitar ) . The Fireballs were formed in Raton , New Mexico in 1958 , and got their start as an instrumental group featuring the very distinctive lead guitar of George Tomsco . They recorded at Norman Petty 's studio in Clovis , New Mexico . According to group founders Tomsco and Lark , they took their name from Jerry Lee Lewis 's `` Great Balls of Fire '' . They reached the Top 40 with the singles `` Torquay '' ( 1959 ) , `` Bulldog '' ( 1960 ) and `` Quite a Party '' ( 1961 ) . `` Quite a Party '' peaked at # 29 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1961 . Tharp , Budd and Trammell left the group in the early 1960s , but the Fireballs added Doug Roberts on drums , plus Petty Studio singer/pianist Jimmy Gilmer ( born September 15 , 1940 in Chicago and raised in Amarillo , Texas ) to the group . Billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs , the group reached number 1 on the Billboard chart with `` Sugar Shack '' , which remained at that position for five weeks in 1963 . The single also reached number 1 on Billboard 's R&B chart for one week in November of that year , but its run on that chart was cut short because Billboard ceased publishing an R&B chart from November 30 , 1963 to January 23 , 1965 . Nonetheless , `` Sugar Shack '' earned the group a Gold Record Award for `` Top Song Of 1963 '' . In the UK the song peaked at # 45 . Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs then had another pop hit in 1964 with a similar-sounding `` Daisy Petal Pickin ' '' , which reached number 15 on the Hot 100 . Norman Petty had been Buddy Holly 's main recording producer and after Holly 's death obtained the rights to Holly 's early rehearsal and home demo recordings . From May of 1962 until August of 1968 Petty had the Fireballs overdub the Holly material , making them the band he never knew he had though the band had met Holly at Petty 's studio in 1958 . The overdubs were originally released on four albums of `` new '' Holly material throughout the 1960s with four of the efforts released as singles charting . In 1964 they did an album of Holly covers called `` Buddy 's Buddy '' likely inspired by the posthumous collaborations . During the run of `` Daisy Petal Pickin ' '' on the charts , the British Invasion began with the first hits by the Beatles . The group had difficulty competing with the influx of British artists and did not reach the Top 40 again until 1967 , with `` Bottle of Wine '' , which was written by Tom Paxton . The Fireballs took `` Bottle of Wine '' to number 9 on the Hot 100 . Although Gilmer was still a member of the group , the band was billed simply as `` The Fireballs '' on that single . Gilmer was not on the `` Bottle of Wine '' session . Gilmer left the group in 1967 to pursue artist management and record production in Nashville , Tennessee . Drummer Doug Roberts died in 1981 . All of the Fireballs ' material has been reissued on Ace Records ( UK ) and Sundazed record labels . The Fireballs continued performing with original members George Tomsco , Stan Lark and Chuck Tharp until Tharp died of cancer in 2006 . Jimmy Gilmer returned as lead vocalist in 2007 . Stan Lark retired from the group in 2016 . George Tomsco has continued to release CDs of new material using the Fireballs name and continues to do the occasional show as a `` solo Fireball '' , and also along with Jimmy Gilmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8f4590b18eae27ed37bd9e41fccf51", "text": "Fly Like an Eagle (album) Fly Like an Eagle is the ninth studio album by American rock group Steve Miller Band . The album was released in May 1976 ( see 1976 in music ) by Capitol Records in North America and Mercury Records in Europe . A Quadraphonic mix of the album was available on the Quadraphonic 8-Track cartridge format ( in which Track 1 - `` Space Intro '' is edited into `` Fly Like an Eagle '' as one track , and Track 6 - `` Take the Money and Run '' intro repeats twice ) . On the U.K. original vinyl release `` Space Intro '' does not appear on track listing . A 40-second track called `` Space Odyssey '' segues into `` Wild Mountain Honey '' . The album was a success , spawning three singles : the title track , `` Take the Money and Run '' and `` Rock 'n Me '' , and eventually receiving quadruple platinum certification from the RIAA . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . On an updated list in 2012 , the magazine listed the album at number 445 . In 2006 the album was re-released to celebrate its 30th Anniversary . The CD is digitally remastered and includes three bonus tracks and a bonus DVD features a concert performance at Mountain View , California 's Shoreline Amphitheater in 2005 with over two hours of music in 5.1 Surround Sound ( Note this surround mix is not based on the QUAD mix as track 1 and 6 are not different from the standard releases ) . Guest musicians include George Thorogood and Joe Satriani . The DVD also features a lengthy interview with Steve Miller , archive footage , never-before-seen photographs , and early demo recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd46b945ff0223eae0ed8c391c1f6dd", "text": "Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts , INC. ( PCC ) is an American trade union . It was founded in 1966 by members of Musicians ' Protective Union Local # 274 , American Federation of Musicians ( A F of M ) . Local # 274 was chartered in 1935 as a separate Black local because Black musicians were denied membership in the racially segregated Local # 77 . Local # 274 enjoyed its autonomy for more than 36 years . It was the longest surviving independent Black Musicians ' Union in the United States , of the more than fifty chartered in major cities . Local # 274 and PCC 's social unit are integral parts of the history of JAZZ in Philadelphia . They evolved out of the struggle of Black musicians for political , economic , and cultural recognition during Philadelphia 's overt segregation period . Local # 274 's membership rolls included JAZZ greats like John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , Shirley Scott , Lee Morgan , `` Philly '' Joe Jones , Grover Washington Jr. , the Heath Brothers , and Nina Simone to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f3cef5ee5853668f38495dc602a17e9", "text": "Donald N. Frey Donald Nelson Frey ( pronounced Frī ) ( March 23 , 1923 -- March 5 , 2010 ) , was widely known as the Ford Motor Company product manager who , along with Lee Iacocca and others , developed the Ford Mustang into a viable project -- and who ultimately supervised the development of the car in a record 18 months . At times besieged by autograph seekers for his role with the Mustang , Frey , a third generation engineer , was `` one of the few auto executives with experience in all three of the industry 's essential areas : design , manufacture and sales . '' He had nonetheless been most proud of assisting Ford in introducing safety improvements to their lineup , including disc brakes and radial tires . In 1967 , Time called Frey `` Detroit 's sharpest idea man '' . Frey went on to a successful career as an innovator in manufacturing and information systems and as chairman and CEO Bell & Howell . In 1990 , he received the National Medal of Technology in a White House ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef0d3281a2617c0c6032cfb12bfcee0", "text": "Glenn Osser Abraham `` Glenn '' Osser ( August 28 , 1914 -- April 29 , 2014 ) was an American musician , musical arranger , orchestra leader , and songwriter . His birthname was Abraham ( Abe ) , but much of his work was under the name Glenn ; he can be found with references under both names . He also worked under a number of other names : Arthur Meisel , Bob Marvel , Maurice Pierre , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f69126ef8af1c9b08a831d03222654a", "text": "Peregrins Peregrins were an alternative rock band . Bassist Fred Smith was a founding member of Blondie and recorded with Television during that band 's critical peak in the late-1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9efa93668f5939ab0cd9c87c9e48d39a", "text": "The Louisville Sluggers The Louisville Sluggers , also known as The Sluggers , were an Australian Swing Revival band from Sydney formed in the late '90s by Glenn ` Nugget ' Scott and his sister , ` The Boss ' . Their vision was of a swingin ' show with a big band sound , stylin ' threads , and songs everyone could dance to . The band took their name from the popular baseball bat commonly known as a `` Louisville Slugger '' because what does one do with a baseball bat ? -- you swing it . This flash of inspiration took place outside the doors of the beautiful `` art deco '' Enmore Theatre located in Sydney , after the band 's very first photo shoot . Bandleader and drummer ` Nugget ' was rapping in hip-hop clubs at 16 , drumming in the hardcore band `` Pitbull Attack '' , and skating professionally as well , until his constantly recurring injuries forced him off the ice . With some influence from his sister , ` The Boss ' and her musical tastes in Ska , Swing , Rockabilly , and anything retro from their parents ' era , they set out to find others with the same passion . Six months later they had found enough members for their first rehearsal.This included the boss also meeting Gil Morgan working at the well known Darlinghurst store Route 66 who would become the band 's first guitarist and one of the principal songwriters penning the songs Masterplan and the solid crowd favourite Delores ( The Unstoppable ) the first lineup included the singing talents of Ms Julijani Vasilkov who also contributed lyrics to several compositions as well , eventually they were fronted by Miss Melanie Alexander . Within one month of their first rehearsal and with only five songs down , ` The Boss ' had them booked on the Vans Warped Tour . The Louisville Sluggers success continued on with many live shows and extensive touring . They scored stints as the house band on the Nine Network 's short-lived programs Sam and The Fatman and Our Place . The band gained international attention , most notably making it to number one on the American swing website SwingTop40.com with the song `` Time For Swingin ' '' they also made it to number three twice with the tracks `` Well Swung '' and `` Hey Honey , Please '' . After seven years of performance , the band played their final show at Sydney 's The Basement in October 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefabfbcfb30df17aeedd964b9fcecbe", "text": "Los Freddy's Los Freddy 's ( or Los Freddys ) were a Mexican musical group , founded in 1962 in Guadalajara , Jalisco . The group was one of the most popular Mexican ensembles of the 1960s and 1970s . Early in their careers , the group earned popularity by playing cover songs of popular English-language songs ( such as Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs ' `` Wooly Bully '' and The Beatles ' `` Penny Lane '' ) that were translated into Spanish , as well as producing original romantic ballads . The band established themselves throughout Latin America as one of the top bands with a string of successful slow ballads and grupera songs . They were nominated for a Grammy Award in 1989 . In 1994 , lead singer Arturo Cisneros left the band to pursue a solo career and now performs under his own name . The remaining band members continue together with a new lead singer . A compilation album of the group 's 30 greatest hits released in 2003 produced a resurgence of the group 's popularity , earning the album a spot on the Billboard charts in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda15eef65faeb16437ff1c1b832e0d2", "text": "Eagles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 Eagles Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 is the second compilation album by the Eagles . It features many of their biggest hits not on Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) , including `` Hotel California , '' their signature song . The album was released in 1982 , after the band 's breakup . That same year , Don Henley and Glenn Frey both released their debut solo albums . The compilation features eight combined tracks from Hotel California and The Long Run . Also included is `` After the Thrill Is Gone , '' an album track from One of These Nights . ( That song , with its title that summed up the state of the band at the time , was strategically placed as the last track on Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 . ) `` Seven Bridges Road , '' the single from 1980 's Eagles Live , rounds out the album , which has sold over 11 million copies in the U.S. since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706dfd1d597ab227e95e65cf29c4dc45", "text": "Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) . The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing . `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . '' The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . '' Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . '' The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) . Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce . Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) . Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 . Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . '' The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eadfe2a663c3558f66ae99973ea8149", "text": "Danzig discography This is a comprehensive discography of Danzig , an American heavy metal band , started in 1987 by former Misfits and Samhain vocalist Glenn Danzig . The band has released eleven studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs and twenty-four singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f391c768480461a16ab8a6d48feae7", "text": "Glenn Kaiser Glenn Kaiser ( born January 21 , 1953 ) is a Chicago-based Christian blues musician , singer-songwriter and pastor . He was the leader of Resurrection Band and is currently the leader of The Glenn Kaiser Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898078813aa5894ab802fa60b327f540", "text": "Horn section A horn section is a group of musicians playing horns . In an orchestra or concert band , it refers to the musicians who play the `` French '' horn , and in a British-style brass band it is the tenor horn players . In many popular-music genres the term is applied loosely to any group of woodwind or brass instruments , or a combination of woodwinds and brass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29dd5194d866aa2775eea06d5d57c561", "text": "Glenn Miller Alton Glenn Miller ( March 1 , 1904 -- missing in action December 15 , 1944 ) was an American big band musician , arranger , composer , and bandleader in the swing era . He was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1943 , leading one of the best known big bands . Miller 's recordings include `` In the Mood '' , `` Moonlight Serenade '' , `` Pennsylvania 6-5000 '' , `` Chattanooga Choo Choo '' , `` A String of Pearls '' , `` At Last '' , '' ( I 've Got a Gal In ) Kalamazoo '' , `` American Patrol '' , `` Tuxedo Junction '' , `` Elmer 's Tune '' , and `` Little Brown Jug '' . While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II , Miller 's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dd37cf10692143d85f2aae8a5a898c9", "text": "Fleetwood Mac Live Fleetwood Mac Live is a world tour by the rock group Fleetwood Mac that began on April 4 , 2013 in Columbus , Ohio . 66 shows are scheduled across 14 countries in North America and Europe . The April 18 , 2013 stop in Boston , Massachusetts was one of the first major performances given in the city following the Boston Marathon bombings three days earlier . This tour has also marked the first appearance of Christine McVie with the band since 1998 . She appeared at the last two London O2 Arena shows . On October 27 , the band announced that John McVie had been diagnosed with cancer , and that they were cancelling their New Zealand and Australian performances in order for him to undergo treatment . On November 22 , 2013 Christine McVie stated she would love to rejoin Fleetwood Mac and that John McVie 's Progress was really good . On November 26 , 2013 @officialfleetwood mac ( Via Instagram ) and FleetwoodMac.com announced that Fleetwood Mac is playing 3 last shows for their `` Extended Play '' tour . Fleetwood Mac said they would do one public show and two private shows . The last public show was played on December 30 , and the two privates shows were performed from December 31-January 1 and January 8 . At midnight on January 1 Fleetwood Mac performed `` Auid Lang Syne '' to their private audience .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c28604aed6fe12f8566dd85e3e4f4bd", "text": "Megan Fox Megan Denise Fox ( born May 16 , 1986 ) is an American actress and model . She began her acting career in 2001 , with several minor television and film roles , and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom . In 2004 , she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen . In 2007 , she co-starred as Mikaela Banes , the love interest of Shia LaBeouf 's character , in the blockbuster action film Transformers , which became her breakout role . Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel , Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . Later in 2009 , she starred as the eponymous lead in the black comedy horror film Jennifer 's Body . Fox is also considered one of the modern female sex symbols and has appeared in magazines such as Maxim , Rolling Stone and FHM .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "32246361dd66a8821d70259812435c8d", "text": "Cathy DeBuono Cathy DeBuono is an American actress . DeBuono was born on March 20 , 1970 , in Yonkers , New York , and raised in Bronxville . As an athlete , she started a career as a successful volleyball player and received several awards and medals , such as two gold medals at the United States Olympic Festival in 1991 and 1992 . Between 1988 and 1991 she attended the University of Kentucky . She was forced to end her career as a volleyball player due to a knee injury . After this , DeBuono started her acting career , and she performed in a stage play directed by a former student , Ashley Judd . She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and graduated in 1994 . In 2003 , she earned a master 's degree in clinical psychology . She appeared in the last three seasons of Star Trek : Deep Space Nine as M'Pella . She has worked as a stand-in , photo double , and body double for Terry Farrell . DeBuono received no on-screen credits until her final appearance in the episode The Dogs of War . DeBuono also appeared as a background regular in several episodes of the television series Chicago Hope as a paramedic . DeBuono was involved in the comedy series Jenny , The Pretender , Pacific Blue , Martial Law , Becker and Exes and Oh 's . DeBuono has also appeared in a few films , including the short project Gay Propaganda ( 2002 ) and the award-winning Out at the Wedding ( 2007 ) , the romantic comedy And Then Came Lola ( 2008 ) , and the short drama Tremble & Spark ( 2008 ) . For the 2007 short film , The Touch , by Jane Clark , she worked as associate producer and still photographer . She now hosts her own radio program on Thursdays at 12 p.m. PST , since September 2011 , to give out advice on LA Talk radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5eaeeb22c4331a0c1e3ce772e94663dc", "text": "Alika Hope Alika Hope , M.A. is the founder and primary vocalist for the Ray of Hope Project . She was born in Oregon , and received a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Notre Dame . Hope also minored in dance at St. Mary 's College . She went on to receive her Master of Arts in Early Childhood Special Education from Teachers College at Columbia University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a491ee97dbd83f73ecacdd1ea6d8885f", "text": "Melanie Chandra Melanie Chandra is an American actress , model , and co-founder of Hospital for Hope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0de5b2c247298f2b9a3db38a880edac", "text": "Jamie Grace Jamie Grace Harper ( born November 25 , 1991 ) is an American contemporary Christian musician , singer , rapper , and songwriter from Atlanta , Georgia . In 2010 , TobyMac found her songs on YouTube and signed her to his label Gotee Records for two albums . She released the song `` Hold Me '' in 2011 which landed her a nomination at the 2012 Grammys and won the 2012 Dove Award for New Artist of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b22bf8673a8215a3118ee5413575a41", "text": "I Hope (Dixie Chicks song) `` I Hope '' is a country -- pop song written and performed by the American all-female trio Dixie Chicks for their seventh studio album , Taking the Long Way , in 2006 . It was nominated for two Grammy Awards at the 48th ceremony , but lost in both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21eb404728d515ae8a64bcfacba31ea8", "text": "35th GMA Dove Awards The 35th Annual GMA Music Awards ( the show had a name change in 2004-05 ) were held on April 28 , 2004 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 2003 . The show was held at the Municipal Auditorium in Nashville , Tennessee , and was hosted by Deion Sanders and Yolanda Adams . Nominations were announced months earlier by Steven Curtis Chapman and Toby McKeehan . The event was transmitted live to theaters in 50 cities as part of Regal Entertainment Group `` One Night Only '' event . The livecast was shown at Regal Cinemas , United Artists Theatres , and Edwards Theatres . There was no delayed television broadcast , as part of a controversial move by broadcast rights holder United Paramount Network , scorned by Sanders for leaving CBS ' The NFL Today ( UPN owned CBS ) in favour of Disney 's NFL Countdown in the weeks between the awards ceremony and broadcast date , cancelled the television broadcast . This move was similar to a 1989 incident on CBS ' 60 Minutes when a story on Richard Petty intending to air on the show in the weeks before the Daytona 500 was cancelled following reporter Diane Sawyer 's defection to ABC . ( That story was later edited and rewritten with Harry Reasoner the following season . ) The ceremony was eventually broadcast in December 2004 on Pax ( now Ion Television ) . MercyMe won Artist of the Year , plus two other awards , while Jeremy Camp was awarded New Artist of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a94c76dc11aa0a7227942a98e64cba08", "text": "Faith (TV series) Faith is a two-part British thriller political drama written by Simon Burke , first broadcast on ITV between 7 and 8 September 1994 . The programme stars Michael Gambon as Peter John Moreton , Susannah Harker as Holly Moreton and John Hannah as Nick Simon . The programme was broadcast over two nights for Thursdays . Faith was released on DVD in United States on 8 November 2005 by Koch Vision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765", "text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "517b1e85f6ab89ef986cc912cd515185", "text": "Movin' Out (Glee) `` Movin ' Out '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-fourth episode overall . It was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and directed by Brad Falchuk , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 21 , 2013 . The episode is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel , and features seven of his songs . The episode features special guest star Tyra Banks as Bichette , the head of a modeling agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a253d707b0870bf3c45a73c6025cb920", "text": "Breathe (Faith Hill album) Breathe is the fourth studio album by country music recording artist Faith Hill , released November 9 , 1999 on Warner Bros. . Records . It won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album . Breathe is one of the most successful country/pop albums to date . It has been certified 8 × Platinum by the RIAA , for shipping eight million copies in the US . The album includes the singles `` Breathe '' , `` The Way You Love Me '' , `` Let 's Make Love '' , and `` If My Heart Had Wings '' . `` Breathe '' and `` The Way You Love Me '' Were both number 1 hits on the Hot Country Songs charts ; the former also reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was the top pop song of 2000 according to Billboard Year-End . Several of the album 's tracks also charted from unsolicited airplay . Hill 's Breathe debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , a first for the country artist . The Warner Bros. . Nashville set sold 242,000 units , according to SoundScan . The album includes a cover version of Bette Midler 's 1998 song , ` That 's How Love Moves ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fe48975c36464e491aed00bb650eead", "text": "Choir of Hope and Inspiration Choir of Hope and Inspiration is an incorporated association ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc ) formed in March 2009 under the Associations Incorporation Act 1981 ( Victoria ) . CHI is based in Collingwood , Melbourne and is the community choir formerly known by the name `` The Choir of Hard Knocks '' ( which is the main performing choir ) and ( ii ) the `` Morning Bells '' choir . Together the choirs comprise a total of approximately 70 singers , staff and volunteers . CHI is governed by a voluntary Committee of Management ( Board ) comprising Father Jeff O'Hare , Peter Wallbridge ( Secretary ) , Liliana Sanelli , Tricia Olsen and Maureen O'Reilly . Former president Anthony Palmer is the MSC 's pro bono lawyer . The board has a broad range of skills and capabilities suited to the CHI including disadvantaged and welfare sector experience , marketing , events management , business affairs and fundraising . The board is now focused on supporting and promoting the unique needs and talents of the singing members and securing the Choir 's future security and viability . Jonathan Welch is also a committee of management member and the CHI 's inaugural director of music . The CHI is currently engaged in a detailed consultancy process to determine new governing rules , procedures and policies with the choir , staff and volunteers . Following the conclusion of this process ( currently anticipated at the end of July 2009 ) , the choir body , staff and volunteers will formally become members ( as defined under the Associations Incorporation Act ) of the CHI and adopt new rules . The CHI has a Deductible Gift Recipient status and not-for-profit status with the Australian Tax Office and has now commenced fundraising activities . The CHI 's ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc 's ) corporate registration details are located at www.business.gov.au . The main performing choir made their inaugural performance at the 2009 Melbourne International Jazz Festival at Hamer Hall , Melbourne on 29 April . Following an Australian-wide search for a new name for the main performing choir via its website http://www.savethechoir.com , the main choir has since been relaunched under the name `` Choir of Hope and Inspiration '' -LSB- and first performed under that name at the Geelong Performing Arts Centre on 20 June 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5efd8bd9c9d8facf0f633ded21bb84b4", "text": "Faith Hill discography Faith Hill is an American country music singer . Her discography includes seven studio albums , four compilation albums , and forty-two singles . All of Hill 's studio albums , including her 2008 Christmas compilation , have been certified Gold , Platinum , or Multi-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . After working as a secretary in a Nashville music publishing firm , Hill recorded a demo tape and was signed to Warner Bros. . Records . She released her debut album in late 1993 titled , Take Me as I Am . The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified `` multi-platinum '' in sales . With Hill 's first albums , she was largely marketed as a country artist and her singles found major success on country radio . The lead single , `` Wild One '' spent four weeks at # 1 on the Billboard Country Chart that year , making Hill the first female country artist in thirty years spend a series of weeks at the top spot with a debut single . The album 's additional singles , `` Piece of My Heart '' ( a cover of the Erma Franklin song ) and `` Take Me as I Am '' were also significant country hits . In 1995 released her second studio album , It Matters to Me . which also reached multi-platinum status . Its title track was a # 1 country hit , and the other singles released including `` Let 's Go to Vegas '' and `` Someone Else 's Dream '' were Top 10 hits . After meeting country music artist , Tim McGraw , the two eventually married in October 1996 . For three years , Hill did not release any albums after giving birth to child . However she did collaborate with McGraw on his single , `` It 's Your Love '' , which was a # 1 country hit in 1997 . Hill returned with her third studio album in 1998 titled , Faith . The album 's first single , `` This Kiss '' was promoted as a country and pop single , and therefore it not only peaked at # 1 on the Billboard Country Chart , but also crossed over into Billboard Hot 100 , where it made the Top 10 , peaking at # 7 . The album 's other singles remained successful on the country charts , peaking within the Top 10 , including a duet with McGraw , `` Just to Hear You Say That You Love Me '' . Immediately after tour from her previous album , she returned to the studio to record her fourth album , Breathe . The album was marketed as a crossover Pop music album , which would bring Hill major success in pop and adult contemporary music . Breathe sold eight million copies in the United States , certifying 8 × Platinum in sales . The title track was the album 's first single , where it became Hill 's biggest hit to date , spending six weeks at # 1 on the Billboard Country Chart , while also peaking at # 2 on the Hot 100 , becoming the biggest hit of the year on Billboard . Its follow-up , `` The Way You Love Me '' was also a # 1 hit , and reached the Pop Top 10 as well . In 2002 , she released another Pop-oriented album , Cry . Although it sold two million copies in the United States , its singles proved not to be as successful as planned . The title track only reached # 12 on the country charts and # 33 on the Hot 100 . The additional three singles released ( `` When the Lights Go Down '' , `` One '' , and `` You 're Still Here '' ) were even less successful than the title track . Hill stayed on a three-year hiatus before releasing her next album , Fireflies in 2005 . The album returned Hill to traditional country music , and the lead single , `` Mississippi Girl '' ( written by John Rich ) became Hill 's first # 1 hit on the Country charts in five years . In addition , Fireflies sold two million copies in the United States and was certified 2 × Platinum in sales . In 2007 , Hill released her first greatest hits compilation which was titled , The Hits , followed by a Holiday album in late 2008 , Joy to the World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "734d90ca44a737950134562477efc005", "text": "Hillsong: Let Hope Rise Hillsong : Let Hope Rise is a 2016 American Christian documentary film on Hillsong United directed by Michael John Warren . The film was released on September 16 , 2016 , by Pure Flix Entertainment after several delays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a33b116b99badaad45abaf51e4ff082e", "text": "Lydia Fox (actress) Lydia Fox ( born 1979 ) is an English film , television , and stage actress and producer . She is also known by her married name , Lydia Ayoade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beb6bc316903f7a4559c72c88f95df7b", "text": "Spencer Fox Spencer Fox ( born May 10 , 1993 ) is an American actor , voice actor , musician and comedian . He is best known for his role as Dash Parr in the 2004 film The Incredibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "404680e2dae8169e0af46e0c45590866", "text": "Danielle Hope Danielle Hope ( born 26 April 1992 ) is an English actress and singer . She was the winner of the BBC talent contest Over The Rainbow and as a result played the part of Dorothy in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of The Wizard of Oz , which began performances in the West End at the London Palladium in February 2011 . Following this role , she went on to play the role of Éponine in Les Misérables in the West End , starting in June 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "945f9ffdead679dbcb78a29858063648", "text": "Nikki Fox Nikki Fox ( born 1980 ) is a broadcaster , presenter and documentary maker . She is a Sony Award-winning journalist who presents for television and network radio . Fox was born with muscular dystrophy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20f17964b990c1d82423b6f95d69ef6", "text": "Hope (instrumental) Hope is an acoustic instrumental from Rush 's 2007 album Snakes & Arrows . It was performed on a twelve-string guitar in D Modal ( D-A-D-A-A-D ) tuning .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b70684a600f70cd4c52f2263c67f704c", "text": "Foo Fighters Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as `` foo fighters '' . Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would rejoin them in 2006 . They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 . The band 's seventh studio album , Wasting Light , produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011 , in which Smear returned as a full member . In November 2014 , the band 's eighth studio album , Sonic Highways , was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name . Over the course of the band 's career , four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album . As of 2015 , the band 's eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U.S. , and 30 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f360bf5f71ba0379f58ed253012c7de", "text": "Acrobat (song) `` Acrobat '' is a song by rock band U2 . It is the eleventh track on their 1991 album Achtung Baby . The critical failure of Rattle and Hum ( 1988 ) led the band to seek a harder sound in their music . The song developed from a riff created by guitarist The Edge , and is played in a time signature . Thematically the song contains elements of hypocrisy , alienation , and moral confusion . `` Acrobat '' has never been performed live , although it was rehearsed prior to the third leg of the Zoo TV Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f888ae2962b63e5e8f4364873ac979", "text": "Rock and roll (disambiguation) Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s . Rock and roll or Rock n ' roll may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5e3ed740d68c08aa0de5fc48107ba", "text": "Alice Cooper (band) Alice Cooper was an American rock band formed in Phoenix , Arizona in 1964 . The band consisted of lead singer Vince Furnier , Glen Buxton ( lead guitar ) , Michael Bruce ( rhythm guitar , keyboards ) , Dennis Dunaway ( bass guitar ) , and Neal Smith ( drums ) . Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and has had a solo career under that name since the band became inactive in 1975 . The band was notorious for their elaborate , theatrical shock rock stage shows . In 2011 , the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . After several years of little success , the Alice Cooper band rose to fame in 1971 with the success of the single `` I 'm Eighteen '' and the album Love It to Death . The band peaked in popularity in 1973 with the album Billion Dollar Babies and its tour , which broke box-office records previously held by The Rolling Stones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c27ef1de814184f91e17e180389cf75", "text": "Backstage pass A backstage pass is an employee pass which allows its bearer access to employees-only areas at a performance venue . They are most commonly associated with rock music groups . Such passes are usually a laminated paper worn on a lanyard , or on chain link or key chain holder at the belt , or a simpler `` stick-on '' applied to one 's clothing . Plastic or paper wristbands may also be used . However , some elaborately designed backstage passes have been used by Bill Graham Productions/Winterland , Beaver Productions and many other regional and local promoters . To deter counterfeiting , passes often include holograms or color-shifting properties . At any one concert or event there are about 200 to 400 backstage passes available . Again , mainly these are for the performers , stage crews , roadies , security guards , performer 's agents . Sometimes relatives or close friends of performers , stage crew , promoters , etc. . will get backstage passes to concerts . Some venues ( including the House of Blues venues and Irving Plaza in New York ) require their own passes to be worn , even by laminate holders for the tour . Large music festivals , such as Ozzfest and the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival also usually issue their own passes . Backstage passes sometimes become memorabilia sold to die-hard fans , especially when the pass is signed by a performer . In media , the term `` Backstage Pass '' may be used to signify the presence of expanded coverage of certain musical groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8120644b8e9940e11142032a48f0d7c", "text": "Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 . After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy . Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times . On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 . January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary . Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California . Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c540d81a7f85f080dde15c77857a5e", "text": "Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e89abee37e782969968d94fbcc5a3b", "text": "Rock or Bust Rock or Bust is a studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is their fifteenth internationally released studio album and the sixteenth to be released in Australia . It is the shortest studio album ever released by the band ; at approximately 35 minutes , it is two minutes shorter than their previous shortest album , Flick of the Switch , which was released in 1983 . Rock or Bust also was the group 's first album without founding member and rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young , who had retired from the band in 2014 due to health concerns , although he co-wrote every track on the album . Bass guitarist Cliff Williams has also retired since Rock or Bust was released , drummer Phil Rudd was unable to participate in the supporting tour after being sentenced to house arrest , and vocalist Brian Johnson was forced to exit the band after the fifth leg of the album 's supporting tour as a result of hearing loss . The group released the debut single from the album , titled `` Play Ball '' , on 7 October 2014 . The song has been a commercial success , reaching the top 40 charts in various countries such as Spain ( at number 28 ) , France ( at number 39 ) or Switzerland ( at number 19 ) . Rock or Bust peaked at # 1 in 12 countries , including Australia , Canada , Germany and Sweden . It reached the top 5 in a further 12 countries , including New Zealand , the United Kingdom , the United States and Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847b500287d8eb1e1f033a0e90162f5c", "text": "Kayōkyoku is a Japanese pop music genre , which became a base of modern J-pop . The Japan Times describes kayōkyoku as `` standard Japanese pop '' or `` Shōwa-era pop '' . Kayōkyoku is Western-style-inspired music of Japan . Music in this genre is extremely varied as a result . Kayōkyoku in the narrower and more practical sense , however , excludes J-pop and enka . Unlike `` J-pop '' singers such as Southern All Stars ' Keisuke Kuwata , the singers of the kayōkyoku genre do not use stylized pronunciations based on the English language , but prefer traditional Japanese . There are exceptions , such as in singer Momoe Yamaguchi 's song `` Rock 'n' Roll Widow '' . Unlike enka , kayōkyoku is also not based on emotional displays of effort while singing . Famous kayōkyoku artists include Kyu Sakamoto , The Peanuts , The Tigers , Candies , Pink Lady , Seiko Matsuda , Junko Sakurada , The Checkers and Onyanko Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e9d2565101256113b31f9e42dbbddc", "text": "The Fugs (album) The Fugs is a 1966 album by The Fugs , described in their AllMusic profile as `` arguably the first underground rock group of all time '' . The album charted number 95 on Billboard 's `` Top Pop Albums '' chart . The album was re-released on CD in 1993 as The Fugs Second Album under the Fantasy label with five additional tracks : two live performances and three tracks recorded for Atlantic in 1967 for an album that was never released . In its review of the re-release , AllMusic finds them `` very ahead of their time lyrically '' and compares them to the punk band Dead Kennedys , both lyrically and in their shared `` weakness for crude humor '' . In 2013 , David Bowie included it in a list of 25 of his favourite albums , `` Confessions of a Vinyl Junkie '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c5d3e948b51696e459e9976c4d0c3", "text": "Tuff Enuff (song) `` Tuff Enuff '' is a song by the blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds . It was written by the band 's lead singer Kim Wilson and appeared on the album Tuff Enuff . It was produced by Dave Edmunds . Released as a single in 1986 , `` Tuff Enuff '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , at number four on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and it appeared on the top 20 charts in other countries as well . It was ranked # 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s . It was the band 's first single and has since become the band 's most well-known song . It also had an accompanying music video directed by Harry Lake . The song was covered by Wynonna Judd for her 2000 album , New Day Dawning . In 2015 , the song was performed by Dave Grohl and his band the Foo Fighters at Austin City Limits , along with guest artists Gary Clark , Jr. and former Thunderbird Jimmie Vaughan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde6b7dfe95621f4cc4759a6f8acd3c9", "text": "Dancing Cigarettes The Cigarettes are a popular post-punk and art band based in Bloomington , Indiana and active from 1979 through 1983 . They were part of a cadre of Bloomington-based bands that made an impact on the underground music scene . Other bands included The Gizmos , Zero Boys , Dow Jones and the Industrials , and MX-80 Sound . These bands established Indiana as an innovative breeding ground for punk , post-punk and new wave music in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The group changed line-ups frequently , but typically consisted of singer/guitarist Michael Gitlin , bassist Emily Bonus , keyboardists and multi-instrumentalists Tim Noe and Jaclyn Oddi , drummer John Terrill , and saxophonist Don Trubey . More avant-pop than post-punk , their music was as eclectic as their members ' musical talents would lead one to believe , ranging from squonky Beefheart rock to bouncy Devo-esque new wave , as evidenced by the brilliant `` Pop Doormat '' , which opens with a deceptively anthemic synth line , then uses an ebullient bass and keyboard melody to underscore a disconsolate lyrical theme that wraps with the repeated question `` What am I waiting for ? '' The band performed regularly in numerous venues in Bloomington , including Second Story , Bullwinkle 's , the Bluebird , and The Gentry Remedy . The band also traveled extensively and performed a venues throughout the US , including CBGB in New York , the Music Box in Kansas City , Mister Goodbar in Buffalo , Tewligans in Louisville , Space Place in Chicago , and many others . The Cigarettes ' musical style is most frequently characterized by the repeated use of hard dissonances ( minor 2nd 's , major 7th 's ) in combination with angular rhythmic patterns . At times , dissonances are densely packed , as in the thick web of atonal clusters supporting the lyrics of `` Broken Windows . '' A more spacious use of dissonance is found in `` Simple Machines , '' clarified by an intriguing orchestration of the band 's various instrumental sounds . `` Puppies in a Sack '' and `` Piano Lesson/Smith Street '' share a similar `` additive process '' technique in the gradual building of their dissonant and polytonal textures . Combined with this predominantly modular organization of material is a powerful sense of linear motion frequently provided by the band 's lyrics . Often the emotive verbal scenarios create tenuous implications of direction which counteract the clouds of tonal density . In `` Puppies in a Sack , '' the relentless repetition of `` It was fun for a while '' evokes a resignation to nostalgia , which is arrested by the plaintive admission , `` But that was a while ago ! '' The group recorded frequently but released very little material ( one 7 '' EP and a few appearances on compilations ) while they were a performing organization . Two CDs of their material have been released in the years since the band broke up . Discography 1981 , Red Snerts : The Sound of Gulcher LP ( Gulcher 004 ) Various Artists sampler including `` Broken Windows '' . This has been reissued on CD as Gulcher 404 1981 , The Gulcher 7 '' EP ( Gulcher 007 ) Puppies In A Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend 1981 , Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 101 ) Burn in Heaven 1982 , Son of Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 103 ) Dance Dogs Dance 1996 , The School of Secret Music CD ( Turnstile Media TM-2 ) Studio : Bells are Ringing , Burn in Heaven , Jungle Book , Golden Moment , Razor Hand , Heat Pump , Dance Dogs Dance , Bury Your Picture.Live Studio Radio Recordings from Lawrence , Kansas : Poignant , Piano Lesson/Smith Street , Burnt Toast , Nervous and Wrong , Bad Bad Boy , Up Thru the Spiral , Spanish Modern/Insect Boxing , Feel this Pain , Pop Doormat , `` D '' in Anger 2002 , The Gulcher Recordings : 1980-1981 CDStudio : Puppies in a Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend , Broken Windows , Simple Machines , Poignant ( the final two being outtakes from the EP sessions ) Live at the Bluebird , June 1981 : Whattayawannadonext ? , Mr. Morse , Puppies in a Sack , Talking and Talking , Feel This Pain , Finger Pictures/Razor Hand , Eggs Any Style/Diet of Worms , Banana Industrial Complex , Monsters Eat My Hell , Jackie O/Too Mental For Me , Drawn By You , Burn in Heaven 2016 , Dance Dogs Dance LP ( Magnetic South MS 048 ) Side 1 : Dance Dogs Dance , I Do n't Like Linoleum , Burn in Heaven , Pop Doormat , Bad Bad Boy , Finger Pictures , Razor Hand , Side 2 : Bells are Ringing , Golden Moment , Poignant , Drawn by You , Little Green Thing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a096452a22f0807c7d59cf9d5007bf88", "text": "Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' . Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel . Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412fb7fa4169a15b8afc79a6b544502d", "text": "Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos . Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland . The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single . In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8811514992361fc78b7747276a7a916", "text": "Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 . The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 . The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- . This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4c53e2b5f497d9287fbfd54bef2326a2", "text": "Kid Rock Robert James Ritchie ( born January 17 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Kid Rock , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , musician , record producer , and actor . His 1998 album Devil Without a Cause sold 14 million copies worldwide . He is a five-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold 25 million albums in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan . The RIAA certified him selling 23.5 million albums . He has sold over 35 million records worldwide and he was Soundscan 's number-one selling male solo musician of the 2000s , selling 17.6 million albums ; he was 17th overall for the decade . Rock performed rap and hip hop with five releases between 1990 and 1997 , including a reissue and an EP . After signing a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 1998 , he gained commercial success in the rap rock genre behind the singles `` Bawitdaba '' , `` Cowboy '' and `` Only God Knows Why '' ( the latter foreshadowing his move into country rock ) . After the success of Devil Without a Cause in 2000 , he released The History of Rock , a compilation of remixed and remastered versions of songs from previous albums as well as the hit rock single , `` American Bad Ass '' . Rock 's follow-up records became more rock - , country - , and blues-oriented , starting with 2001 's Cocky . His collaboration with Sheryl Crow on the song `` Picture '' was his first country hit and biggest pop hit in the US to date charting at No. 4 on the Hot 100 . After 2003 's Kid Rock and 2006 's Live Trucker sales declined from the previous releases , he then released Rock n Roll Jesus in 2007 . The album featured the song `` All Summer Long '' , which charted at No. 1 in eight countries across Europe and Australia . In 2010 , he released Born Free , which featured an eponymous song that became the political campaign theme of Mitt Romney , the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election . Rock released Rebel Soul on November 19 , 2012 behind the rock hit `` Let 's Ride '' . The album was certified gold in April 2013 . Kid Rock released First Kiss on February 24 , 2015 behind the hit title track .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c58a850aa4509be891a66dfb09a0a2fd", "text": "Born Free (Kid Rock album) Born Free is American artist Kid Rock 's eighth studio album . It released on November 16 , 2010 with the title track being its lead single . The album is a rock and roll collaboration produced by Rick Rubin featuring several high profile artists such as T.I. , Sheryl Crow , and Bob Seger . This is Kid Rock 's first album not to feature a Parental Advisory sticker and his first all-country album . Kid Rock described it as `` very organic blues-based rock and roll '' . Cable network TBS used the title track , `` Born Free '' , for its coverage of the 2010 Major League Baseball postseason . It was announced on June 16 , 2011 that Born Free was certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments in excess of one million copies . This gives Kid Rock his sixth Platinum album certification in the US . A Michigan only promotion was released with the album . It was a 4-song EP called `` Racing Father Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83e94718b320488137e5aa13323296f5", "text": "Welcome 2 the Party (Ode 2 the Old School) `` Welcome 2 the Party ( Ode 2 the Old School ) '' is the first single released by Kid Rock , from his fourth studio album Devil Without a Cause , his highest-selling album . The single was released on July 30 , 1998 , three weeks before the album 's release . `` Welcome 2 the Party '' failed to find success , and Devil Without a Cause did not gain significant attention until the release of its second single , `` I Am the Bullgod '' . On August 18 , 1998 , Atlantic released Kid Rock 's Devil Without a Cause behind the single `` Welcome 2 The Party ( Ode 2 the Old School ) '' and Kid Rock went on the Vans Warped Tour to support the album . The clean version of the song removes both interludes , as well as the second verse and outro , and also alters most lyrics in the final verse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936feedf9514514a5fb315a27a088bb3", "text": "Aesop Rock discography Aesop Rock is an American hip hop artist currently signed to Rhymesayers Entertainment . His discography consists of seven studio albums , and three EPs , as well as ten singles , four collaborations , one compilation , nine music videos , and many appearances on other artists ' tracks and on compilations . Aesop initially recorded and released two self-financed records , Music for Earthworms in 1997 and the Appleseed EP in 1999 . After being signed to the Mush label , Aesop Rock released his first major album , Float in 2000 . Shortly thereafter , Aesop Rock signed to Manhattan-based hip hop label Definitive Jux , where he has since released Labor Days in 2001 , Bazooka Tooth in 2003 , and None Shall Pass in 2007 . Skelethon , was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment in 2012 . The Impossible Kid was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment in April 2016 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f84e1a1a27a6dd9d7d200a3420443f", "text": "Kid (Peter Andre song) `` Kid '' is a song by British Australian singer and songwriter Peter Andre . The song was released in the United Kingdom on 9 February 2014 as the lead single from his tenth studio album Big Night ( 2014 ) . The song peaked at number 144 on the UK Singles Chart . The song was chosen for the 2014 DreamWorks Animation movie Mr. Peabody & Sherman and was also used in the Autumn Iceland TV commercials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053bb11d237049a8acc418f906478018", "text": "The National Anthem (Radiohead song) `` The National Anthem '' is a song by English rock band Radiohead , and the third track from their fourth studio album Kid A ( 2000 ) . The song is moored to a repetitive bassline , has a processed electronic production and develops in a direction influenced by jazz . It has been played frequently at Radiohead concerts since the release of Kid A in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "337052a178181acd0088149970869cec", "text": "Rockell Rachel Alexandra Mercaldo ( born March 4 , 1977 in Staten Island , New York ) , better known as Rockell , is an American freestyle , dance , Hi-NRG and pop singer-songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e6b84fbe5f14472c83618dd6d04ec6", "text": "Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort . The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . '' The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design . Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed972e3997d821c646d6471ba28c2aaa", "text": "X-Kid `` X-Kid '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . The song was recorded by the band for their eleventh studio album , ¡ Tre ! . It was released as a single February 12 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdcd2ba4645b03622ca8300357c5bfe", "text": "Rock City (duo) Rock City is an American musical duo formed in 2003 , from Saint Thomas , U.S. Virgin Islands . The duo , composed of brothers Theron and Timothy Thomas , who use the stage names , A.I. and Uptown AP respectively , and they also are a songwriting and record production team . The duo have also released music under the namesakes R. City and Planet VI . Their debut album , What Dreams Are Made Of , was released in 2015 . They are known for single `` Locked Away '' featuring Adam Levine . In 2007 , the duo signed with Geffen Records and American singer Akon 's KonLive Distribution . During their time there they released a series of mixtapes with the primary title , PTFAO ( Put the F*ckin' Album Out ) -- a reference to the fact that their then-debut album Wake the Neighbors , had not been given a release date . In 2011 , the duo were released from their contract with KonLive and subsequently founded Rebelution Records . In 2014 , they signed a record deal with RCA Records and Dr. Luke 's Kemosabe Records . The Thomas brothers have written and produced for several prominent artists , including Jamaican singer Sean Kingston ( `` Take You There '' ) , American singer Miley Cyrus ( `` We Ca n't Stop '' ) , Trinidadian rapper Nicki Minaj ( `` Only '' ) and Barbadian popstar Rihanna ( `` Pour It Up '' ) . The duo has also contributed to numerous Grammy-nominated albums including Rihanna 's Unapologetic ( which won Best Urban Contemporary Album ) , Jennifer Hudson 's self-titled album ( which won Best R&B Album ) , and Ariana Grande 's My Everything ( which was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3b3cf928dfaefd7c79ceda80a96182", "text": "Rock Kills Kid Rock Kills Kid was an American art punk/alternative rock band from Los Angeles , California that consists of Jeff Tucker ( guitar and vocals ) , Shawn Dailey ( bass ) , Sean Stopnik ( guitar ) , Reed Calhoun ( keyboards/vocals ) , and Mike Balboa ( drums ) . Their music often draws comparison to The Cure , Echo & the Bunnymen , Duran Duran and U2 , as well as new bands such as The Killers and Franz Ferdinand . They were named one of Rolling Stone magazine 's `` 10 Artists to Watch in 2006 '' . The band split up in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2744bb60a30a000dfb09eb96df9cde4b", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll Kids `` Rock 'n' Roll Kids '' was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 , composed by Brendan Graham and performed for Ireland by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan . The song was Ireland 's sixth overall victory , and represented an unprecedented third consecutive time that the same country had won the Contest . There is a belief among many Eurovision fans that the song was deliberately chosen not to win , as it was performed by a male duo ( no male duos had ever won before ) and in a very static manner . The pair were also much older than any other winners had been . As the Contest rules require the previous year 's winner to host the next edition of the Contest , the argument runs that the Irish broadcaster was not prepared to do this , hence the selection . The song , however , won the contest and is generally considered one of the Contest 's better entries - being performed in part by McGettigan and Jakob Sveistrup at the Congratulations special in late 2005 . It was the first winning song ever to be performed without orchestral accompaniment , as McGettigan 's guitar and Harrington 's piano were the only instruments needed . It was also the first time in the contest when a song scored over 200 points . Lyrically , the song is a lament for the singers ' lost youths and the life of Kevin Linehan . They remember growing up and listening to the popular music of the time ( Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley ) and generally being trendy . The song then moves forwards to the present , where both men are `` too busy running to a different beat '' to even stay in close contact with each other - while their children `` do n't wan na be around us no more '' . The song was performed third on the night , following Finland 's CatCat with `` Bye Bye Baby '' and preceding Cyprus ' Evridiki with `` Ime Anthropos Ki Ego '' . At the close of voting , it had received 226 points , placing 1st in a field of 25 . The song was succeeded as winner in 1995 by Secret Garden representing Norway with `` Nocturne '' . It was succeeded as Irish representative at the 1995 Contest by Eddie Friel with `` Dreamin ' '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dc97293e74c1edf7fd6fcd526f428f4", "text": "I Am (Kid Rock song) `` I Am '' is a song from Kid Rock 's self-titled release Kid Rock . It was the fourth single from the album and with no music video it peaked at # 28 on the Mainstream Rock charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e590e503d1248ddd5a35552dd6c9e94", "text": "K (The Tutts song) The Tutts are a five-piece New Zealand rock band who , on the 21 November 2006 , released their first single , titled `` K '' . The song `` K '' is featured on C4 , a New Zealand music television station , as the C4 `` theme song '' . Also featured on the CD single is `` WhiteOut '' , the Tutts second single . `` K '' reached number 19 on the New Zealand Singles Chart . There has also been a music video produced , which was funded by New Zealand On Air , and features on C4 's music television programme , `` Select Live '' . The video can be found here . This video won the `` Best Breakthrough Video '' award , in the 2006 Juice TV ( another New Zealand music television station ) Awards . The Tutts were also invited to perform `` K '' at the 2006 New Zealand Music Awards . The Tutts have performed `` K '' at the Big Day Out 2006-07 . Category :2006 singles", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c43aaa163a871c2e7911fcc7433052", "text": "Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace is the eighth studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring , released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and a week earlier in Japan . It was their first album of new material in nearly five years , following 2003 's Splinter , and their first to be produced by Bob Rock . It was also their first album since 1992 's Ignition not to feature an intro track or a track lasting less than two minutes . The span of nearly five years between Splinter and Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace was the longest gap between studio albums in The Offspring 's career . The band had been working on new material since the fall of 2004 , but showed no further signs of progress until November 2006 , when they announced on their official website that they had begun recording with producer Bob Rock . The album was supposed to be released in 2007 , but kept getting pushed back . The writing and recording process , spanning four years and three recording studios , was finally finished in April 2008 . It produced four singles : `` Hammerhead '' , `` You 're Gon na Go Far , Kid '' , `` Kristy , Are You Doing Okay ? '' and `` Half-Truism '' . Although a video was made for `` Stuff Is Messed Up '' , it was never officially released as a single , but saw regular radio play on popular stations such as Southern California 's KROQ . `` You 're Gon na Go Far , Kid '' was certified RIAA Gold for 500,000 sales , while the album has sold over 330,000 copies to date 2012 . This is the band 's first album since their 1989 self-titled debut not to be certified at least gold by the RIAA . Although drummer Atom Willard ( who left in July 2007 ) was still a member of the band during the recording , session musician Josh Freese actually handled the drum tracks , like he did on Splinter . Due to contract issues with Geffen Records , Willard was not permitted to do recording on the album and later decided to leave the band and continue his duties in Angels & Airwaves full-time while former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada joined the band just in time for the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e89abee37e782969968d94fbcc5a3b", "text": "Rock or Bust Rock or Bust is a studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is their fifteenth internationally released studio album and the sixteenth to be released in Australia . It is the shortest studio album ever released by the band ; at approximately 35 minutes , it is two minutes shorter than their previous shortest album , Flick of the Switch , which was released in 1983 . Rock or Bust also was the group 's first album without founding member and rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young , who had retired from the band in 2014 due to health concerns , although he co-wrote every track on the album . Bass guitarist Cliff Williams has also retired since Rock or Bust was released , drummer Phil Rudd was unable to participate in the supporting tour after being sentenced to house arrest , and vocalist Brian Johnson was forced to exit the band after the fifth leg of the album 's supporting tour as a result of hearing loss . The group released the debut single from the album , titled `` Play Ball '' , on 7 October 2014 . The song has been a commercial success , reaching the top 40 charts in various countries such as Spain ( at number 28 ) , France ( at number 39 ) or Switzerland ( at number 19 ) . Rock or Bust peaked at # 1 in 12 countries , including Australia , Canada , Germany and Sweden . It reached the top 5 in a further 12 countries , including New Zealand , the United Kingdom , the United States and Italy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ec27be5e2c22609707495b79c740202f", "text": "Mickey Rooney Mickey Rooney ( born Joseph Yule , Jr. ; September 23 , 1920 -- April 6 , 2014 ) was an American actor , vaudevillian , producer , and radio personality . In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death , he appeared in more than 300 films and was one of the last surviving stars of the silent film era . At the height of a career that was marked by precipitous declines and raging comebacks , Rooney performed the role of Andy Hardy in a series of 15 films in the 1930s and 1940s that epitomized American family values . A versatile performer , he became a celebrated character actor later in his career . Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney `` the best there has ever been . '' Clarence Brown , who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles , National Velvet and The Human Comedy , said he was `` the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with . '' Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his film debut at the age of six . At 14 he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Night 's Dream . Critic David Thomson hailed his performance as `` one of cinema 's most arresting pieces of magic '' . In 1938 , he co-starred in Boys Town . At nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms , and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939 . At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25 , he made forty-three films , which made him one of MGM 's most consistently successful actors and a favorite of studio head Louis B. Mayer . Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941 , and one of the best-paid actors of that era , but his career never rose to such heights again . Drafted into the Army during World War II , he served nearly two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones . Returning from the war in 1945 , he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be an adult movie star , and was unable to get as many starring roles . Nevertheless , Rooney 's popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in films such as Requiem for a Heavyweight ( 1962 ) , It 's a Mad , Mad , Mad , Mad World ( 1963 ) , and The Black Stallion ( 1979 ) . In the early 1980s , he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies and again became a celebrated star . Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV , including dramas , variety programs , and talk shows , and won an Emmy in 1964 , with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill ( 1981 ) . At his death , Vanity Fair called him `` the original Hollywood train wreck . '' He struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times , the first time to Ava Gardner . Despite earning millions during his career , he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances . Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93 , he alleged mistreatment by some family members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse and exploitation by family members . By the end of his life , his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $ 18,000 . He died owing medical bills and back taxes , and contributions were solicited from the public .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "61e8e4a8b9b1457d239940ed236f0cf7", "text": "Mickey's Eleven Mickey 's Eleven is a 1927 silent short film in Larry Darmour 's Mickey McGuire series starring a young Mickey Rooney . Directed by Albert Herman , the two-reel short was released to theaters in November 1927 by FBO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cda38be18cf563ca97221f79cd34b961", "text": "Miss America 1944 Miss America 1944 , the 18th Miss America pageant , was held at the Warner Theater in Atlantic City , New Jersey on September 9 , 1944 . Venus Ramey , Miss District of Columbia won the title and also received swimsuit and talent preliminary awards . One of the five finalists , Betty Jane Rase , who would become known as B. J. Baker , was a backup singer for many top recording artists , and also was one of the wives of actor Mickey Rooney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09109252fc83a6803dd86f19de21bac3", "text": "Tim Rooney Timothy Hayes Yule ( January 4 , 1947 -- September 23 , 2006 ) , better known as Tim Rooney , was an American actor and voice actor . He was the second son of actor Mickey Rooney and suffered from a muscle disease known as dermatomyositis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42558d18843a088993f0e5da20fca7b0", "text": "El indio El indio ( The Indian ) is a 1939 Mexican drama film directed by Armando Vargas de la Maza . It was released in Mexico on February 10 , 1939 and later released in United States on May 12 , of the same year . Consuelo Frank and Pedro Armendáriz received equal billing , while Dolores Camarillo ( billed as Dolores C. de Frausto ) who was the film 's comic relief , was billed last . Later she would receive a somewhat higher billing in Cantinflas ' Ahí está el detalle . The film also explores an early form of Mexican `` indio '' comic performances given by Carlos López `` Chaflán '' and Dolores Camarillo . These comic roles would later give inspiration to María Elena Velasco 's La India María film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f883d310b40b902422f5b8bc1fa203b", "text": "Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6303cb637b14b87b9614f3808ff94eef", "text": "30th Young Artist Awards The 30th Young Artist Awards ceremony , presented by the Young Artist Association , honored excellence of young performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television and theater for the 2008 season , and took place on March 29 , 2009 at Universal Studios ' Globe Theatre in Universal City , California . Special guest performers for the ceremony that year included Russian musical artists , `` Street Magic '' and Las Vegas father and son acrobat team , `` The Kalinins . '' Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member Maureen Dragone , the Young Artist Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71511f6637d9202d5eaca340a886b80e", "text": "Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever is a 1939 romantic comedy about Andy Hardy having a crush on his high school drama teacher , Miss Rose Meredith . This is the seventh of sixteen Andy Hardy films starring Mickey Rooney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297b68325f28275e4a64798c439c887d", "text": "Penny Wisdom Penny Wisdom is a 1937 American short comedy film directed by David Miller and produced by Pete Smith . In 1938 , the film won an Academy Award at the 10th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject ( Color ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11759e0c6e55739984a2a3bb94cea9c", "text": "Art Rooney Award The Art Rooney Award is given annually by the National Football League recognizing outstanding sportsmanship on the playing field . Established in 2015 , the award is named in honor of Art Rooney , Sr. , the founding owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers and a member of the National Football League Hall of Fame . The award is determined by a vote of the NFL players . The award is presented each year to an NFL player who demonstrates on the field the qualities of great sportsmanship , including fair play , respect for opponents , and integrity in competition . Each NFL team nominates one player during the season . A panel of former players from the NFL Legends Community selected from the 32 nominees eight finalists ( four in the American Football Conference ; four in the National Football Conference ) . The panel of Legends Coordinators in the inaugural year was composed of Warrick Dunn , Curtis Martin , Karl Mecklenburg and Leonard Wheeler . Along with the award , the winner receives a $ 25,000 donation from the NFL Foundation to a charity of his choice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4227c31a8a6f2b4cd6635c58100e58d7", "text": "Drunk Driving (film) Drunk Driving is a 1939 American short drama film directed by David Miller . It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 12th Academy Awards in 1940 for Best Live Action Short Film , Two-Reel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e842e889dc5d38f8e209c230781ecec", "text": "1939 Academy Awards 1939 Academy Awards may refer to : 11th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1939 12th Academy Awards , the 1940 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1939", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87388499e9e7335f2ca6f88d379a5814", "text": "Outlaws' Paradise Outlaws ' Paradise is a 1939 American film directed by Sam Newfield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ca36bde05b90b9ad943c0fcd5856c8", "text": "Mickey's Big Broadcast Mickey 's Big Broadcast is a 1933 short film in Larry Darmour 's Mickey McGuire series starring a young Mickey Rooney . Directed by Jesse Duffy , the two-reel short was released to theaters on June 6 , 1933 by RKO Radio Pictures . An edited version of this short appeared in the feature film compilation `` Mickey the Great '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "11a5804c9cafcfb13588bcd3d859ef61", "text": "Evil Queen (Disney) The Evil Queen , also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen , and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde , is the primary antagonist in Disney 's 1937 animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and a villain character in the extended Disney 's Snow White franchise . She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale `` Snow White '' . In the film , similar to the Brothers Grimm story , the Evil Queen is cold , cruel , and extremely vain , and obsessively desires to remain the `` fairest in the land '' . She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter , Princess Snow White , as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land ; such love triangle element is one of Disney 's changes to the story . This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise , which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs . The film 's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms ' story ; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch . The Queen dies in the film , but lives on in a variety of noncanonical Disney works . The film 's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant , and originally animated by Art Babbit and voiced by Lucille La Verne . Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from She and Princess Kriemhild from Die Nibelungen . The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley , June Foray , Janet Waldo , Eda Reiss Merin , Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee , and was portrayed live by Anne Francine ( musical ) , Jane Curtin ( 50th anniversary TV special ) , and Olivia Wilde ( Disney Dream Portraits ) , Kathy Najimy ( Descendants ) , and in an alternative version , by Lana Parrilla ( Once Upon a Time ) . This version of the classic fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public , and is considered one of Disney 's most iconic and menacing villains . Besides in the film , the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions , including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White , such as Fantasmic ! , The Kingdom Keepers and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep , sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty . The film 's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "52a00c393f8c40d2e56355ff2c60adcb", "text": "The Evil Dead (disambiguation) The Evil Dead is a 1981 horror film and a franchise of sequels and other media . The Evil Dead or Evil Dead may also refer to : Evil Dead ( 2013 film ) , a film starring Jane Levy Evil Dead : The Musical , a musical based on the film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58f04611c9c7ad53025a306ee020cefd", "text": "The Wild Party (LaChiusa musical) The Wild Party is a musical with a book by Michael John LaChiusa and George C. Wolfe and music and lyrics by LaChiusa . It is based on the 1928 Joseph Moncure March narrative poem of the same name . The Broadway production coincidentally opened during the same theatrical season ( 1999 -- 2000 ) as an off-Broadway musical with the same title and source material . The show is presented as a series of vaudeville sketches , complete with signs at the beginning and the end ( but abandoned for most of the show ) announcing the next scene propped on an easel at the side of the stage . Queenie and Burrs , whose relationship is disintegrating , host a party fueled by bathtub gin , cocaine , and uninhibited sexual behavior . It quickly devolves into an orgy that culminates in tragedy . The guests include fading star Dolores ; Kate , Queenie 's best friend and rival ; Black , Kate 's younger lover , who has his eye on Queenie ; Jackie , a rich , `` ambisextrous '' kid who has his eye on everyone , regardless of gender or age ; Oscar and Phil D'Armano , a gay couple/brother act ; lesbian stripper Miss Madelaine True and her morphine-addicted girlfriend Sally ; colored prizefighter Eddie , his white wife Mae and Mae 's underaged Lolita-like sister , Nadine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a5156ecca72956018d5b5fb1c3fecd", "text": "Juno (musical) Juno is a musical with music and lyrics by Marc Blitzstein and book by Joseph Stein , based closely on the 1924 play Juno and the Paycock by Seán O'Casey . The story centers on the disintegration of an Irish family in Dublin in the early 1920s , during the Irish War of Independence . Juno is a hardworking matriarch who strives to hold her family together in the face of war , betrayal , and her worthless husband 's drinking . The original production opened on Broadway in 1959 and closed after only 16 performances . Its somber tone did not please the critics , who were disappointed that its stars , particularly Shirley Booth , did not have an opportunity to play comedy . The score and original cast album have found some praise . Several revivals have been staged , but none has met with great success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5719fd94f29e011edd3081ae557f6e", "text": "The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 . The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion . The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers . The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9cfaea39801127398662f417e11b99", "text": "Isabel's a Jezebel Isabel 's a Jezebel is a British musical with music by Galt MacDermot and book and lyrics by William Dumaresq , based loosely on one of the Grimm 's Fairy Tales , centers around Isabel and her deep-sea lover , who spend their time copulating and arguing about bringing children into a world committed to death . After out-of-town tryouts , the musical premiered on 15 December 1970 on the West End at the Duchess Theatre , running for only 61 performances . The cast included Frank Aiello , Sharon Campbell , Helen Chappelle , Peter Farrell , Carole Hayman , Michele Mowbray , Maria Popkiewitz , Miguel Sergides , Howard Wakeling . The production was co-directed by Michael Wearing and Julie Arenal , who also choreographed . After his spectacular success with the musical Hair , expectations for MacDermot 's next work , Isabel 's a Jezebel , were high . The musical underwent several last minute cast changes , including Hayman 's joining the show just before opening night . The New York Times praised the score but called the book `` irretrievably inert . '' A cast album was released in 1972 ( Item 377673 ) Kilmarnock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f4301be8de0dac4ca2a51d81bfc3ee6", "text": "Wannabe Wicked Wannabe Wicked is a talent competition conceived for fans of the musical Wicked . Contestants compete in a series of performances judged by industry professionals , and those who perform successfully move on later rounds . The criteria that must be met in order to succeed is based on vocal quality , performance delivery , vocal accuracy and overall performance . In the end , the winner receives a walk-on role onto the hit musical Wicked .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d08fc249d6328d66c5328a10f9ae5906", "text": "The Musical Sancho Panza The Musical Sancho Panza is a two-act 2005 Spanish musical which premiered in Madrid to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote . by Miguel de Cervantes . The play is a humorously presented look at the social landscape of the 16th and 17th centuries , including the customs , beliefs , professions , and trades of the era , while updating those points of the play by displaying it in the looks and forms of the 21st century . Opening at the Teatro Nuevo Apolo , the play 's music and original lyrics were created by José Luis Narom . Narom collaborated with his wife , lyricist and costume designer Inma González ( Image designer and production manager on `` The Blackout '' ) . The play 's music was created in the style of Broadway musicals , with full orchestrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e013ee69c2cc3cfdbeadc3a1942a3ec", "text": "Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love Leonardo the Musical : A Portrait of Love is a musical with a book by Greg Moeller and Russell Dunlop and music by Greg Moeller and lyrics by Tommy Moeller . The 1993 West End production is considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of London theatre but had rave reviews in Oxford . The management changed the original music and scripts after Oxford shows . The project , a highly fictionalized account of Leonardo da Vinci 's creation of the Mona Lisa , was the brainchild of Duke Minks , an advisor to the Republic of Nauru and former road manager for the 1960s pop group , Unit 4 + 2 . He convinced government officials to invest # 2 million -- derived from profits earned from their major export , marine deposits rich in phosphates -- in the production , a fact later gleefully exploited by the critics in their scathing reviews . The rambling plot -- which started and ended with its protagonist on his deathbed , his completed masterpiece at his side -- centered on the struggling artist da Vinci 's commission to paint a young woman named Lisa , betrothed to nobleman Francesco Del Giocondo . The artist and his model engage in a passionate affair resulting in her pregnancy , and she returns to her fiancé , pretending the child is his to avoid public scandal and his private wrath . Eventually she returns to beg for forgiveness from the now successful da Vinci , who accidentally is murdered by her husband when he confronts the two in a jealous rage . A subplot hinting at da Vinci 's homosexuality involved his close friendship with his young assistant , a painter named Melzi . The production , plagued by problems with sets , costumes , and -- most significantly -- the script throughout its development , opened at the Strand Theatre on June 3 , 1993 . By the time the performance ended , nearly four hours after the curtain first rose , most of the audience had departed . A victim of critical disdain and audience indifference , the show closed five weeks later on July 10 . The cast included Paul Collis , Jane Arden , James Barron , and Hal Fowler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1e9690355f2c33f9f22e25b1a09c35", "text": "The Musical of Musicals (The Musical!) The Musical of Musicals ( The Musical ! ) is a musical by Joanne Bogart and Eric Rockwell . It is structured into five acts , each of which is a short musical parodying ( and paying homage to ) the style of an American or British musical theatre composer or composer/lyricist team , all dealing with roughly the same classic melodrama plot : `` I ca n't pay the rent ! '' The musical premiered off-Broadway in 2003 at the York Theatre . It again played off-Broadway in 2005 at the Dodger Stages V with the same cast . It also had a production on London 's West End , in Australia ( Canberra - 2009 and Feb 2010 ) as well as numerous productions in U.S. regional theatres and in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32cf3932f1c874107559b3995d9284b3", "text": "The Ghosts of Versailles The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts , with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman . The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary , with the premiere scheduled for 1983 . Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the play La Mère coupable ( The Guilty Mother ) by Pierre Beaumarchais . They took seven years to complete the opera , past the initial deadline . The opera received its premiere on December 19 , 1991 , at the Metropolitan Opera , with the production directed by Colin Graham . The premiere run of seven performances was sold out . The original cast included Teresa Stratas , Håkan Hagegård , Renée Fleming , Graham Clark , Gino Quilico , and Marilyn Horne . The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season . Corigliano considers this work a `` grand opera buffa '' because it incorporates both elements of the Grand Opera style ( large chorus numbers , special effects ) and the silliness of the opera buffa style . Commentators have noted how the opera satirises and parodies accepted operatic conventions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab820f8157cd17214284bd149eb55e6", "text": "The Light Princess (Original Cast Recording) The Light Princess ( Original Cast Recording ) is the commercial music release from the stage adaptation of the Scottish fairy tale by George MacDonald . The Light Princess was the first stage musical to feature original compositions by singer-songwriter Tori Amos . The play debuted at London 's Royal National Theatre on 9 October 2013 with music and lyrics by Amos and book and lyrics by Australian playwright and screenwriter Samuel Adamson . The story centres around teenage princess Althea of Lagobel who lost gravity when refusing to mourn over her mother 's death and is therefore bound to float above ground . When war breaks out Althea , pushed by her father to come to ground and take responsibility , flees only to fall in love with the rivalling kingdoms prince . The musical opened to positive reviews in September 2013 , starring Rosalie Craig in the titular role , subsequently singled out as a stand-out performance . Craig was nominated for many awards , and ultimately won the Evening Standard 's award for best actress in a musical . The choreography , lighting , set design , music ( Amos ) and other cast performances were also lauded and nominated for a range of awards . In 2014 , Amos stated that the production team had ambitions of bringing The Light Princess to American Broadway , but expressed worry that the original National Theatre production might not be commercial enough for the American audience . The Original Cast Recording features 30 original recordings by the cast plus three bonus tracks , including two performed by Amos . An early incarnation of the song Coronation appeared on Tori Amos 's seasonal album Midwinter Graces in 2009 . Then known as Winter 's Carol , much of the song 's core melody remains the same as the version that would become Coronation . In its place as the closing number of The Light Princess , the lyrics , structure and arrangements have been almost completely re-written , though some lyrical content remains similar to Winter 's Carol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867e8184fdc9d637274d4fd4f543c7ce", "text": "Gaiety Girls Gaiety Girls were the chorus girls in Edwardian musical comedies , beginning in the 1890s at the Gaiety Theatre , London , in the shows produced by George Edwardes . The popularity of this genre of musical theatre depended , in part , on the beautiful dancing corps of `` Gaiety Girls '' appearing onstage in bathing attire and in the latest fashions . The 1890s Gaiety Girls were respectable , elegant young ladies , unlike the corseted actresses from London 's earlier musical burlesques . Later , even the stars of these musical comedies were referred to as Gaiety Girls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa020ec833f5ebc1bc0d581c49151cf5", "text": "Of Thee I Sing Of Thee I Sing is a musical with a score by George Gershwin , lyrics by Ira Gershwin and a book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind . The musical lampoons American politics ; the story concerns John P. Wintergreen , who runs for President of the United States on the `` love '' platform . When he falls in love with the sensible Mary Turner instead of Diana Devereaux , the beautiful pageant winner selected for him , he gets into political hot water . The original Broadway production , directed by Kaufman , opened in 1931 and ran for 441 performances , gaining critical and box office success . It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London . In 1932 , Of Thee I Sing was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfef0bbcf48e8586d62499193c1a392f", "text": "The Faery Queen The Faery Queen may be : The Faerie Queene , 1650 epic poem by Edmund Spenser The Fairy-Queen , 1692 music drama by Henry Purcell based on Shakespeare 's Midsummer Night 's Dream ( and not on Spenser 's poem )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad2c689f0040f4e20a4f63933573ffb", "text": "At the Drop of Another Hat At the Drop of Another Hat is musical revue by Flanders and Swann , similar in format to its long-running predecessor , At the Drop of a Hat ( 1956 ) . In the show , they both sang on a nearly bare stage , accompanied by Swann on the piano . The songs were linked by contemporary social commentary , mostly by Flanders . Highlights included `` Ill Wind '' , in which Flanders sings rapidly about a pilfered horn to the tune of the Rondo from Mozart 's Horn Concerto No. 4 and `` New Built Up Area '' , a soliloquy by Flanders in which a disgruntled resident of Salisbury Plain complains of the newly erected Stonehenge . The revue premiered at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 2 October 1963 and ran until 21 March 1964 . It was revived on the West End , at the Globe Theatre , from 29 September 1965 to 19 February 1966 . The show toured widely , including tours in Australia ( 1964 ) , Hong Kong and England ( 1965 ) and in 1966 Canada and the US . A Broadway production played at the Booth Theatre from 31 December 1966 to 9 April 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1728ed5c39cf5f388553cad309e8486", "text": "Bernarda Alba (musical) Bernarda Alba is a one-act musical with music , lyrics and book by Michael John LaChiusa , based on Federico García Lorca 's 1936 play The House of Bernarda Alba . Bernarda Alba tells the story of a controlling , newly widowed mother who is challenged by her five rebellious daughters . The musical opened Off Broadway at Lincoln Center 's Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater to mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d1e9fc893dadda0a0e2431f9c0105e", "text": "Stinkfoot, a Comic Opera Stinkfoot , a Comic Opera is an English musical with book , music , and lyrics by Vivian Stanshall and Ki Longfellow-Stanshall written for the Crackpot Theatre Company aboard the Old Profanity Showboat in Bristol , England . The show is based on a series of tales written by Longfellow about Stinkfoot , a New York City alley cat , a bit of a rogue and more than a bit of a rake . It had been intended for children , but when told by a New York City literary agent that `` No mother in America would want her child identifying with Stinkfoot the alley cat , never mind its name , '' the story went into a drawer for many years . It came out with the meeting in 1977 of Vivian and Ki , at which point the story became bedtime reading for Vivian 's son Rupert Stanshall ( born 1968 ) , and later for his daughter with Ki , Silky Longfellow-Stanshall ( born 1979 ) . In 1985 it `` grew up '' when Vivian and Ki decided to base a musical on its lead character , Stinkfoot . At that point , it became a melding of two very different visions and two very different musical traditions : Vivian 's days as frontman for the Bonzo Dog Band and his childhood in Leigh-on-Sea with Ki 's love of America 's Broadway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46206db729a856f78873756d58d7c759", "text": "An American Tragedy (musical) An American Tragedy is a 1995 musical with music by Charles Strouse , lyrics by Lee Adams and Mark St. Germain , and a libretto by David Shaber and Mark St. Germain .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16ae3bae18e35ddc77244d4418757a46", "text": "Bill Gates William Henry Gates III ( born October 28 , 1955 ) is the co-founder of Microsoft and is an American business magnate , investor , author and philanthropist . In 1975 , Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft , which became the world 's largest PC software company . During his career at Microsoft , Gates held the positions of chairman , CEO and chief software architect , while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 . Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000 , but he remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself . In June 2006 , Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie . He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 , taking on a new post as technology adviser to support the then newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella . Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution . He has been criticized for his business tactics , which have been considered anti-competitive , an opinion that has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings . Later in his career , Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors , donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , established in 2000 . Since 1987 , Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world 's wealthiest people . Gates is the richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 88.5 billion . In 2009 , Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge , whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "669d7034836cc74646e0ce7f06026c31", "text": "Financial Policy Committee The Financial Policy Committee ( FPC ) is an official committee of the Bank of England , modelled on the already well established Monetary Policy Committee . It was announced in 2010 as a new body responsible for monitoring the economy of the United Kingdom . Focusing on the macro-economic and financial issues that may threaten long term growth prospects , it was expected to be officially set out in legislation during 2012 . Although early plans were for the interim ( pre-legislation ) FPC to meet in late 2010 , the committee 's first meeting was held in June 2011 . As of March 2012 , the FPC is expected to take over operational responsibility for managing the financial sector from the Financial Services Authority with legislation planned for 2013 . Once operational , the committee , headed by the Governor of the Bank ( currently Mark Carney ) , will address any risks it identifies by passing on its concerns to a new Prudential Regulation Authority ( PRA ) , which will be obliged to act . Plans for the committee were set out in George Osborne 's first Mansion House speech in June 2010 , along with the creation of the PRA and a Consumer Protection and Markets Authority ( CPMA , later renamed the Financial Conduct Authority , or FCA ) . Minutes of FPC meetings are made available , a move intended both `` to increase transparency and to help transmit messages to the City '' . After legislation is passed , the FPC will be fully accountable to Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "409005f9c0c554d96cc42c15d01f2f8e", "text": "Michael Larson (businessman) Michael Larson ( born October 1959 ) is an American money manager . He is the chief investment officer for The Gates Foundation and Bill Gates ' fortune , through the Cascade Investment fund . He assumed the role in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28697e9bc6b6284434938661266b258", "text": "Fred Rosen (businessman) Fredric `` Fred '' D. Rosen is an American attorney , business executive , and philanthropist . He served as the president and chief executive officer of Ticketmaster from 1982 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4fc45f5358f0752026587801c118de", "text": "Scott Oki Scott D. Oki ( born October 5 , 1948 in Seattle , Washington ) is a former senior vice-president of sales and marketing for Microsoft who conceived and built Microsoft 's international operations . Oki also played a crucial role in Microsoft 's rapid domestic growth during the 1980s . Born to a Japanese-American family , Oki attended the University of Washington , but left after 18 months to join the Air Force . While in the service he took courses at the University of Colorado . After he left the service in 1974 , he went on to receive a BA in accounting and information systems and earned an MBA the following year . After holding several computer-related jobs , Oki went to work for Microsoft in 1982 . Oki built Microsoft 's international operations , and within two years it was more profitable than Microsoft 's domestic operation . Bill Gates then made him Vice President of Domestic Operation , and within five years , the company 's sales rose from $ 100 million to $ 1 billion . One of Oki 's major contributions to Microsoft 's success during that time was convincing Bill Gates and the board of directors to center product development and marketing efforts on Windows instead of OS/2 . By the time he retired Oki was overseeing 3,000 employees . When Oki retired in 1992 , he reportedly cashed in stock options estimated at $ 100 million . He now runs the non-profit Oki Foundation , owns several golf courses , and serves on dozens of advisory boards and boards of directors for both for-profit and non-profit companies . Oki is the Co-Chair of the United Way of King County Campaign Board and Co-Chair of the Million Dollar Roundtable , Founder and Chairman of the Japanese American Chamber of Commerce , Founder and Co-President of the Chief Seattle Council Boy Scout Foundation , Co-Founder of Sounders For Kids , Co-Founder of America 's Foundation for Chess , Co-Founder of SeeYourImpact.org and Co-Founder of Social Venture Partners . He is a past-President of the Board of Regents for the University of Washington and a past Chair of Seattle Children 's Hospital Foundation . Scott also serves on the national boards for United Way of America , Boys & Girls Clubs of America , Japanese American National Museum , and the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team Foundation . Scott Oki is a member of the National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America , the organization 's governing body . Oki Golf In 1994 , Scott Oki purchased The Golf Club at Echo Falls in Snohomish , Washington . This initial acquisition was the preliminary step toward building what eventually became a unique portfolio of golf properties known collectively as Oki Golf . This collection has grown to include nine properties comprising eleven championship golf courses , both public and private , spread throughout the Puget Sound . In addition to The Golf Club at Echo Falls , the Oki Golf portfolio also includes Indian Summer Golf & Country Club in Olympia , Washington ( private ) , The Plateau Club in Sammamish , Washington ( private ) , and The Woodlands and The Links courses ( formerly Meriwood and Vicwood -- both public ) at The Golf Club at Hawks Prairie in Lacey , Washington . The flagship courses in Oki Golf 's celebrated collection are located at The Golf Club at Newcastle in Newcastle , WA . Two additional golf properties were added to the group in December 2005 . Washington National Golf Club ( public ) in Auburn , WA , and Trophy Lake Golf & Casting ( public ) in Port Orchard , WA . ( source : okigolf.com ) In the winter of 2007 , Oki Golf added Harbour Pointe ( public ) in Mukilteo , Washington . An additional property - Trilogy Golf Course ( public ) - was purchased in 2008 and has since been renamed to The Golf Club at Redmond Ridge . During October , 2016 , Oki sold eight of his golf courses for $ 137 million dollars to Chinese based HNA Holdings . Ownership of commercial real property by foreign businesses is prohibited in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7db2597f082bcee2b59b221da448d2da", "text": "William States Lee III William States Lee III , popularly known as Bill Lee , was born in Charlotte , North Carolina in 1929 . He attended Woodberry Forest School and was a Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Princeton University in Civil Engineering . After serving in the United States Navy 's SeaBees , Lee joined Duke Power 's engineering department in 1955 as a junior engineer . He was promoted to engineering vice president in 1965 , engineering and construction senior vice president in 1971 , and executive vice president in 1976 . He became president and chief operating officer of Duke Power Company in 1978 and chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 1982 . Lee helped to form the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations after the Three Mile Island accident . He was also an initiator of the World Association of Nuclear Operators , in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster , becoming its first president . In 1989 , he was named `` CEO of the decade '' by Financial World magazine . Lee retired from Duke Power in 1994 . He died of cardiac arrest in New York City July 10 , 1996 . A popular man and supporter of education , the College of Engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte was named in his honor in 1994 , as was the `` Bill Lee Freeway '' , a stretch of Interstate Highway 77 north from Charlotte , and Duke Energy 's William States Lee III Nuclear Generating Station in South Carolina . Lee was awarded the North Carolina Award for Public Service in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23fd5cfeab2e1c4125ebec3fb23ca82", "text": "Financial secretary Financial secretary is an administrative and executive government position within the governance of a State , corporation , private or public organization , small group or other body with financial assets . A financial secretary oversees policy concerning the flow of financial resources like money in and out of an organization . The officer sometimes determines policy concerning the purchase or sale of goods and services , collection of dues and employment . The officer implements policy with the cooperation of other executives . Financial Secretary can also be the title of a cabinet member in a number of former and current British dependencies . This is the case in Hong Kong ( see Financial Secretary ( Hong Kong ) ) , Jamaica , Montserrat , Saint Helena , etc. . In the United Kingdom , the Financial Secretary to the Treasury is a junior minister position but the office holder attends the meetings of the cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0234cd39b7180a79491be8dfedfeafe1", "text": "Le Cercle Le Cercle is a foreign policy think-tank specialising in international security . Set up after World War II , the group has members from twenty-five countries and meets at least bi-annually , in Washington , D.C. , United States . The group 's current chairman is Norman Lamont , former British Chancellor of the Exchequer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da4adfe6763655af9e6ce543c8ecc13", "text": "Robert Gates Robert Michael `` Bob '' Gates ( born September 25 , 1943 ) is an American statesman , scholar , and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011 . Gates initially began his career serving as an officer in the United States Air Force but was quickly recruited by the CIA . Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council , and was Director of Central Intelligence under President George H. W. Bush . After leaving the CIA , Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards . Gates served as a member of the Iraq Study Group , the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton , that studied the lessons of the Iraq War . Gates was nominated by Republican President George W. Bush as Secretary of Defense after the 2006 election , replacing Donald Rumsfeld . He was confirmed with bipartisan support . In a 2007 profile written by former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski , Time named Gates one of the year 's most influential people . In 2008 , Gates was named one of America 's Best Leaders by U.S. News & World Report . He continued to serve as Secretary of Defense in President Barack Obama 's administration . He retired in 2011 . `` He 'll be remembered for making us aware of the danger of over-reliance on military intervention as an instrument of American foreign policy , '' said former Senator David L. Boren . Gates was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the nation 's highest civilian award , by President Obama during his retirement ceremony . According to a Washington Post book review , he is `` widely considered the best defense secretary of the post-World War II era '' . Since leaving the Obama Administration , Gates has been elected President of the Boy Scouts of America , served as Chancellor of the College of William & Mary , and served as a member on several corporate boards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8703673131558db6181bf0edf875820d", "text": "American Committee on United Europe The American Committee on United Europe ( ACUE ) , founded in 1948 , was an American organization which sought to counter the Communist threat in Europe by promoting European political integration . Its first chairman was ex-wartime OSS head William Joseph Donovan . The vice-chairman was Allen Dulles . A board member was Walter Bedell Smith . The structure of the organisation was outlined in early summer of 1948 by Donovan and Allen Welsh Dulles by then also reviewing the organization of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) . in response to assistance requests by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi and Winston Churchill . Declassified American government documents have shown that the ACUE was an important early funder of both the European Movement and the European Youth Campaign . The ACUE itself received funding from the Rockefeller and Ford foundations . The U.S. policy was to promote a United States of Europe , and to this end the committee was used to discreetly funnel CIA funds - by the mid 50 's ACUE was receiving roughly $ 1,000,000 USD per year - to European pro-federalists supporting such organizations as the Council of Europe , the European Coal and Steel Community , and the proposed European Defence Community . The end of an article appearing in The Daily Telegraph in September 2000 noted that : `` The State Department also played a role . A memo from the European section , dated June 11 , 1965 , advises the vice-president of the European Economic Community , Robert Marjolin , to pursue monetary union by stealth . It recommends suppressing debate until the point at which `` adoption of such proposals would become virtually inescapable '' . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d38b2f827e2dbc2dcbcb14b6207642b", "text": "Defense Acquisition Board The Defense Acquisition Board ( DAB ) is the senior advisory board for defense acquisitions in the Department of Defense of the United States of America . The board is chaired by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition , Technology and Logistics and includes the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the Service Secretaries ( Secretary of the Army , Secretary of the Navy & Secretary of the Air Force ) , and a number of Under Secretaries of Defense . The DAB plays an important role in the Defense Acquisition System . Members of this board are responsible for approving the Major Defense Acquisition Programs ( MDAPs ) and serve as the most important executive review of expensive acquisition projects that would have potentially large impacts on how wars are fought -- things like new tanks , fighter aircraft , or C3 systems . See DoD Defense Acquisition Guidebook for more information on the process .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d678faafe13fb09ffe77c9e2783541", "text": "History of the United States National Security Council 1953–61 This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Eisenhower Administration , 1953 -- 1961 . Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower , the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military , international , and internal security affairs . Where Harry S. Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean War , Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review . Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work , and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward consensus recommendations . The genesis of the new NSC system was a report prepared for the President in March 1953 by Robert Cutler , who became the President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs . Cutler proposed a systematic flow of recommendation , decision , and implementation that he later described as the `` policy hill '' process . At the bottom of the hill , concerned agencies such as State and Defense produced draft policy recommendations on specific topics and worked for consensus at the agency level . These draft NSC papers went up the hill through the Planning Board , created to review and refine the recommendations before passing them on for full NSC consideration . The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council , as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency . Hundreds of hours were spent by the Board reviewing and reconstructing proposed papers for the NSC . Cutler resigned in 1958 in exhaustion . The top of the foreign policy-making hill was the NSC itself , chaired by the President , which met regularly on Thursday mornings . The Council consisted of the five statutory members : the President , Vice President , Secretaries of State and Defense , and Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization . Depending on the subject under discussion , as many as a score of other senior Cabinet members and advisers , including the Secretary of the Treasury , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , and the Director of Central Intelligence , attended and participated . The agenda included regular briefings by the Director of Central Intelligence on worldwide developments affecting U.S. security , and consideration of the policy papers advanced by the Planning Board . The upshot of the discussions were recommendations to the President in the form of NSC Actions . The President , who participated in the discussion , normally endorsed the NSC Action , and the decision went down the hill for implementation to the Operations Coordinating Board . President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board ( OCB ) to follow up on all NSC decisions . The OCB met regularly on Wednesday afternoons at the Department of State , and was composed of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs , Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Directors of the CIA , the United States Information Agency , and ICA , and the Special Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs and Security Operations Coordination . The OCB was the coordinating and implementing arm of the NSC for all aspects of the implementation of national security policy . NSC action papers were assigned to a team from the OCB for follow-up . More than 40 interagency working groups were established with experts for various countries and subjects . This 24-person staff of the OCB supported these working groups in which officials from various agencies met each other for the first time . The President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs , a post held under Eisenhower by Cutler , Dillon Anderson , William Harding Jackson , and finally Gordon Gray , oversaw the flow of recommendations and decisions up and down the policy hill , and functioned in Council meetings to brief the Council and summarize the sense of discussion . The Special Assistant was an essential facilitator of the decision-making system , but , unlike the National Security Adviser created under Kennedy , had no substantive role in the process . The NSC staff managed by the Special Assistant grew during the Eisenhower years , but again had no independent role in the policy process . President Eisenhower had great confidence in the efficacy of covert operations as a viable supplement or alternative to previous normal foreign policy initiatives . The seeming clear success of the operations to overthrow Iranian populist leader Mossadegeh in 1953 , and overthrow the democratically elected , left-leaning President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in Guatemala in 1954 was not without their crisis moments in the White House . In 1954 NSC 5412 provided for the establishment of a panel of designated representatives of the President and the Secretaries of State and Defense to meet regularly to review and recommend covert operations . Gordon Gray assumed the chairmanship of the `` 5412 Committee '' as it was called , and all succeeding National Security Advisers have chaired similar successor committees , variously named `` 303 '' , `` 40 '' , `` Special Coordinating Committee , '' which , in later Presidential administrations , were charged with the review of CIA covert operations . President Eisenhower also created the position of staff secretary with the responsibility to screen all foreign policy and military documents coming to the President . While Colonel Andrew Goodpaster held this position , he tended to eclipse the Special Assistant for National Security . The strength of the NSC system under Eisenhower was that it provided for regular , fully staffed , interagency review of major foreign and national security issues , culminating in discussion and decision at the highest level of government . The resulting Presidentially approved NSC papers provided policy guidance at every level of implementation . Eisenhower felt that the regular policy discussions kept his principal advisers fully informed , in step with one another , and prepared to react knowledgeably in the event of crisis . His commitment to the system was such that he chaired every Council meeting he could attend ( 329 of a total of 366 ) . The NSC meetings , including prior briefings and subsequent review of NSC Actions , constituted the largest single item on his weekly agenda . Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on the other hand , had reservations about the NSC system . He was the strongest personality in the Eisenhower Cabinet and jealously guarded his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . He had constant , direct access to the President and did not feel that some of the most sensitive issues should be discussed in groups as large as were involved in most NSC meetings . He drew a sharp line between the NSC policy review process and the day-to-day operations of foreign policy , which he maintained were the province of the Department of State . Dulles and his deputies also were not comfortable with the scope the NSC review system gave to Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey , another strong figure in the Cabinet , to intrude budgetary limitations into policy considerations . Dulles successfully resisted a proposal to substitute the Vice President for the Under Secretary of State as chairman of the OCB , arguing that such a change would impinge on his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . Critics of the Eisenhower NSC system have argued that it was inflexible , overstaffed , unable to anticipate and react to immediate crises , and weighed down by committees reporting in great detail on long checklists of minor policy concerns . The most thorough critique of the system emerged from the hearings conducted in 1960 ( 1961 by the Senate Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery , known as the Jackson Subcommittee for its chairman , Senator Henry Jackson . Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system , but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan , Paul Nitze , and Robert Lovett . They argued that foreign policy was being made by a passive President influenced by a National Security Council rendered virtually useless by ponderous , bureaucratic machinery . Basically , they argued , the NSC was a huge committee , and suffered from all the weaknesses of committees . Composed of representatives of many agencies , its members were not free to adopt the broad , statesmanlike attitude desired by the President , but , rather , were ambassadors of their own departments , clinging to departmental rather than national views . To make matters worse , critics added , the NSC system by its very nature was restricted to continuing and developing already established policies and was incapable of originating new ideas or major innovations . The critics suggested replacement of the formal , `` over-institutionalized '' NSC structure with a smaller , less formal NSC which would offer the President a clear choice of alternatives on a limited number of major problems . Eisenhower was certainly not a passive President , dominated by his Secretary of State on foreign policy and national security issues . In fact , Eisenhower was actively in command of his administration 's foreign policy , and the established NSC system met his instincts and requirements to the extent he used them . Although there is substance in the criticism that the Eisenhower NSC became to some extent the prisoner of a rigidly bureaucratic process , the criticism misses the point that Eisenhower and Dulles did not attempt to manage fast-breaking foreign policy crises or day-to-day operation through the NSC apparatus . An examination of several of the major foreign policy decisions that confronted the Eisenhower administration reveals that the NSC system was used to manage some , but was essentially bypassed in others . The established NSC process was used when the question involved a policy debate between departments with strongly held , contending positions , as it did in the case of the debate between the Departments of State and Defense in 1956/1957 over whether to introduce a more modern generation of weapons into Korea , where it focused debate and produced the necessary agreed-upon decision after discussion of three draft policy papers . In fast-breaking crisis situations however , including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958 , and the 1958 Lebanon crisis , these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House , normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers , and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower , Dulles , and other principal advisers . Eisenhower sometimes used trusted NSC staffers to serve as an intermediary to gain information outside the chain of command as he did with Colonel Goodpaster during the straits crisis in 1955 . There was great similarity between this process of crisis management and that adopted by subsequent Presidents , such as Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , except for the fact that the ad hoc meetings in the Eisenhower White House did not involve a National Security Adviser as a substantive participant . And in the event that aspects of crisis management depended on contact with the critical man-on-the-spot , as it did in 1958 when Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy was dispatched to Lebanon to attempt to defuse the crisis , his instructions came from the Department of State and he reported to the Secretary of State rather than directly to the White House , as became the practice during the height of the Vietnam War . When Eisenhower briefed President-elect Kennedy on the NSC system , as when Gordon Gray briefed his successor McGeorge Bundy , they both emphasized the importance of the established NSC machinery in the management of foreign policy and national security affairs . They might have been more persuasive in maintaining the system had they pointed to the fact that the NSC apparatus was essentially limited to policy review , but was not used by them to manage foreign policy crises or day-to-day decisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27d90cb81e25dfd397c9b1edf0115cd6", "text": "David Mendlen David Mendlen is an American technologist and executive . Mendlen is a General Manager at Microsoft and is the Executive Producer of the Decoded Show . He earlier served as speechwriter for Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and former CEO Steve Ballmer and wrote Gates ' last speech and Ballmer 's first as CEO . Mendlen has keynoted conferences including DEVintersection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dcc190e65115287ae7f1cfbf7677c9e", "text": "Gate City Bank Gate City Bank is a mutually owned bank headquartered in Fargo , North Dakota , with 36 branches in across North Dakota and western Minnesota . The bank is governed by a six-member Board of Directors elected by the membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab021b0e7b46794230da6ebc16f28090", "text": "Wells Fargo account fraud scandal The Wells Fargo account fraud scandal is an ongoing controversy brought about by the creation of millions of fraudulent savings and checking accounts on behalf of Wells Fargo clients without their consent . Various regulatory bodies , including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau fined the company a combined $ 185 million dollars as a result of the illegal activity , and the company faced criminal and civil suits as well . Wells Fargo clients began to notice the fraud after being charged unanticipated fees and receiving unexpected credit or debit cards or lines of credit . Initial reports blamed individual Wells Fargo branch workers and managers for the problem , and sales incentives associated with selling multiple `` solutions '' or financial products . This blame was later shifted to a top-down pressure from higher-level management to open as many accounts as possible through cross-selling . The bank took relatively few risks in the years leading up to the 2008 Financial Crisis , which led to an image of stability on Wall Street and in the financial world , which was tarnished by the widespread fraud perpetrated by the company and subsequent coverage . The controversy resulted in the resignation of CEO John Stumpf , and an investigation into the bank led by U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701499e827ac07e1e08fc4648eed1537", "text": "Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . '' The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations . The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments . The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20065e4eb15e3039e1a1f57f8c9e5387", "text": "Patriot Act, Title III, Subtitle B The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11 attacks in 2001 . It has ten titles , with the third title ( `` Title III : International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 '' ) written to prevent , detect , and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism . Title III is itself divided into three subtitles . The second subtitle , entitled Subtitle B : Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements , largely modifies the Bank Secrecy Act ( BSA ) to make it harder for money launderers to operate , and to make it easier for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to police money laundering operations . The BSA was amended to allow the designated officer or agency who receives suspicious transaction reports to notify U.S. intelligence agencies . It also addresses issues of record keeping and reporting by making it easier to undertake the reporting of suspicious transactions ; by making it a requirement that financial institutions report suspicious transactions ; through the creation of anti-money laundering programs and by better defining anti-money laundering strategy ; and by making it a requirement that anyone who does business file a report for any coin and foreign currency receipts that are over US$ 10,000 . The subtitle increases civil and criminal penalties for money laundering and introduces penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and certain recordkeeping requirements . Subtitle B legislated for the creation of a secure network which can be used by financial institutions to report suspicious transactions and which can also give them alerts of relevant suspicious activities . Subtitle B also makes FinCEN a bureau of the United States Department of Treasury . The subtitle allows the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to authorize personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect the premises , grounds , property and personnel of any U.S. Federal reserve bank , and allows them to delegate this authority to U.S. Federal Reserve Banks . It instructs any United States Executive Directors of international financial institutions to use their voice and vote to support any country that has taken action to support the U.S. 's War on Terrorism , and to require such Executive Directors to provide ongoing auditing of disbursements made from their institutions to ensure that no funds are paid to persons who commit , threaten to commit , or support terrorism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ed741382689a93c2aed773cea0ff43d", "text": "James M. Wells, III James M. Wells , III . is an American businessman . He is the former Executive Chairman of the Board of SunTrust Banks Inc. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd1c6558bf740b5137ab4e88d24a106", "text": "John Fellows Akers John Fellows Akers ( December 28 , 1934 -- August 22 , 2014 ) was a U.S. businessman . At International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM ) , he was president between 1983 and 1989 , the CEO from 1985 until 1993 , and chairman between 1986 and 1993 . Akers attended Yale , and while there became a brother of Delta Kappa Epsilon ( Phi chapter ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3d1c91f3b3da8b999ecf415ed7c0a20d", "text": "Star Wars sequel trilogy The Star Wars sequel trilogy is the third film trilogy in the Star Wars American space opera franchise , created by George Lucas . It is being produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . The trilogy is to consist of episodes VII through IX and chronologically follows Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) in the saga . Lucas originally planned a sequel trilogy in the mid-1970s , but had abandoned these plans by the late 1990s . The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm in late 2012 and then announced the production of a sequel trilogy . The first installment , Star Wars : The Force Awakens , was released on December 18 , 2015 in the U.S. , following a special premiere screening in Los Angeles on December 14 . The film is directed by J. J. Abrams who cowrote the screenplay with Lawrence Kasdan and Michael Arndt . Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , and other main cast members from the original trilogy returned to reprise their roles and co-star alongside Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Adam Driver , and Oscar Isaac . Unlike the previous two trilogies , whose films were released approximately three years apart , the sequel films are planned to be released around two years apart . Star Wars : The Last Jedi is set for release on December 15 , 2017 , with Rian Johnson as screenwriter and director . Episode IX will be directed by Colin Trevorrow and written by Trevorrow and Derek Connolly , and is scheduled to be released on May 24 , 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "213a1a3c1b44bef215871fc89dba2959", "text": "Elstree 1976 Elstree 1976 is a 2015 documentary film about the making of the original Star Wars film and the legacy that it left behind .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16a980bc52091bafaa3286d4f96442b6", "text": "Orli Shoshan Orli Shoshan ( אורלי שושן born July 23 , 1974 ) is an Israeli film actress best known for her performance as the Togruta Jedi Master Shaak Ti in the 1999 -- 2005 Star Wars prequel trilogy . It is believed that Shaak Ti 's expertise in melee combat is in homage to Orli Shoshan , a former member of the Israeli Defense Forces and a skilled hand-to-hand combat and melee weapons artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0409d056ee37ab2a3c4714b3038c3457", "text": "Star Wars: Force Commander Star Wars : Force Commander is a real-time strategy video game released for the Microsoft Windows platform on March 21 , 2000 . It was co-developed by Ronin Entertainment and LucasArts , and published by LucasArts . Its plot interweaves between Star Wars : A New Hope and Return of the Jedi , taking in key battles . Peter McConnell created remixed tracks of John Williams ' original score using influenced from hard rock and techno music . Reception by critics was mixed , with aggregate website GameRankings reporting a 58.42 % approval rating . Critics cited poor controls as a primary issue . Reviewers were divided on the quality of the game 's visuals , with some feeling they were dated , and others of the opinion that they were strong . Gameplay was generally considered simplified in comparison to other real-time strategy games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4765b9e0692641feaf7c2aa2d4f2c8a", "text": "Star Wars Holiday Special The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musical science fiction television film set in the Star Wars galaxy . It stars the series ' first film 's main cast while introducing the character Boba Fett , who would appear in later films . It is one of the first official Star Wars spin-offs and was directed by Steve Binder . In the storyline that ties the special together , Chewbacca and Han Solo visit Kashyyyk , Chewbacca 's home world , to celebrate Life Day . They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire , who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet . The special introduces three members of Chewbacca 's family : his father Itchy , his wife Malla , and his son Lumpy , though these names were later explained to have been nicknames , their full names being Attichitcuk , Mallatobuck , and Lumpawarrump , respectively . The program also features many other Star Wars characters , including Luke Skywalker , C-3PO , R2-D2 , Darth Vader and Princess Leia ( who sings the film 's `` theme song '' , set to the music of John Williams ' Star Wars theme , near the end ) , all of them portrayed by the original actors . The program includes stock footage from Star Wars , and also features a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana that officially introduces the bounty hunter Boba Fett . Scenes also take place in outer space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and an Imperial Star Destroyer . The variety-show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales , such as a Mos Eisley cantina on the desert planet of Tatooine and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna . The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video . It has therefore become something of a cultural legend , because of the `` underground '' quality of its existence . It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans , which were later adapted to content-sharing websites via the Internet and bootleg copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab6dc1a2120b76e9aada80ff2f0501f", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader is a young adult novel set in the Star Wars universe . It tells the complete story of the title character from his introduction in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace to his death in Return of the Jedi , chronicling his early life as a slave on Tatooine to his transformation to the Sith Lord title character to his ultimate redemption . The hard cover book , which is 211 pages , was written by Ryder Windham and published in October 2007 . Anakin 's story begins when he is taken with his mother to be a slave to Gardulla the Hutt , rival of Jabba the Hutt , on Tatooine . The story continues from there through the rest of the Star Wars films . In 2008 , a sequel was published by Windham titled The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi , which follows the complete story of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the complete saga . In 2009 , another sequel followed titled A New Hope : The Life of Luke Skywalker , telling the story of the Luke Skywalker throughout the Star Wars films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea06389de1732f09ba4e40e1623b4a1", "text": "Star Wars (manga) Four Star Wars films were adapted to manga by Dark Horse Comics between 1998 and 1999 : Star Wars ( 1977 ) , The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) , and Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace ( 1999 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736706b9b70769e015cecd61e8a7b180", "text": "Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures Star Wars Episode I : Obi-Wan 's Adventures is a video game that chronicles the events of the film Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace from the character Obi-Wan Kenobi 's perspective . It is the result of an agreement made in 2000 between the two video game publishers LucasArts and THQ . The agreement allows THQ to turn LucasArts licenses into games for the hand held console Game Boy Color , the first being Obi-Wan 's Adventures . THQ published the game and HotGen developed it . It was released on November 27 , 2000 . The story of Obi-Wan 's Adventures is set in the middle of a conflict in the Galactic Republic ; the antagonistic Trade Federation and the evil Sith Lord are planning to take control of the galaxy . In the game , the player operates the character Obi-Wan Kenobi as he fights the forces of the Trade Federation which culminates in a battle against Darth Maul . His weapons include a lightsaber , a blaster , and use of the Force . Since its release , Obi-Wan 's Adventures has received mixed reviews . The game has been criticized for its visuals and controls , but praised for its sound design and creative levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340a95fdab018bfb327e9e7be22be638", "text": "Super Star Wars Super Star Wars is a 1992 video game for the Super NES based on the 1977 film Star Wars . It is the SNES equivalent of the Star Wars NES game . Super Star Wars features mostly run and gun gameplay , although it has stages which feature other challenges , such as driving a landspeeder or piloting an X-wing . It also features multiple playable characters with different abilities . The game was followed by two sequels based on the subsequent Star Wars films , Super Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back and Super Star Wars : Return of the Jedi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae880f779babc36e7dcc4490867782ce", "text": "Naboo Naboo is a planet in the fictional Star Wars universe with a mostly green terrain and which is the homeworld of two societies : the Gungans who dwell in underwater cities and the humans who live in colonies on the surface . Humans of Naboo have an electoral monarchy and maintain a peaceful culture that defends education , the arts , environmental protection and scientific achievements . The main capital of Naboo is Theed . Located in the Chommell sector , Naboo is the home planet of Padmé Amidala and Jar Jar Binks , as well as Senator ( later Supreme Chancellor and then Emperor ) Palpatine . In Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace , it was the site of a blockade by the Trade Federation and the Battle of Naboo between the Federation and the native inhabitants . Naboo is seen in four films in the Star Wars series , having a prominent role in the first two prequels and glimpsed briefly in Revenge of the Sith and the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi . Theed 's architecture , while referencing Ancient Rome and other classical traditions , was heavily inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Marin County Civic Center in California . ( Skywalker Ranch and Industrial Light & Magic are both based in Marin County . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dfb07a10c2652670b4a310685e1edc0", "text": "Star Tours Star Tours was a motion simulator attraction at several Disney theme parks , based on the successful Star Wars film series created by George Lucas . Set in the Star Wars universe , the attraction sent guests on a excursion trip to Endor , whilst being caught in an altercation between the Rebel Alliance and the Galactic Empire . The attraction featured Captain `` Rex '' RX-24 along with series regulars R2-D2 and C-3PO . At its debut at Disneyland in 1987 , it was the first attraction based originally on a non-Disney licensed intellectual property . The first incarnation of the ride appeared in Tomorrowland at Disneyland in 1987 , replacing the previous attraction , Adventure Thru Inner Space . The attraction had subsequent openings at Tokyo Disneyland , Disney 's Hollywood Studios , and Disneyland Paris . The attraction at Disneyland and Disney 's Hollywood Studios closed in 2010 to allow conversion for its successor attraction , Star Tours -- The Adventures Continue . The latter location was completed on May 20 , 2011 . Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Paris closed their versions for conversion in 2012 and 2016 , marking the original ride 's final run of 29 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698615794695352306131ed4c420c109", "text": "Carrie Anne `` Carrie Anne '' is a song written by Allan Clarke , Graham Nash , and Tony Hicks and released by British pop rock group The Hollies . The song was recorded on 1 May 1967 and was released as a single in the same month by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and Epic Records in the United States . It became a hit in 1967 , reaching # 3 on the UK Singles Chart . It was also a hit in the US and Canada , peaking at # 9 on both pop charts . It also reached No. 4 in the Irish charts . Actress Carrie-Anne Moss was named ( by her mother ) in honor of the song , which was released three months before her birth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "20056387af6b38c050221f3519001175", "text": "Aishwarya Rai Aishwarya Rai ( born 1 November 1973 ) , also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , is an Indian actress , model and the winner of the Miss World 1994 pageant . Through her successful acting career , she has established herself as one of the most popular and influential celebrities in India . Rai has received numerous awards and accolades , including two Filmfare Awards from eleven nominations , and she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 . She has often been called `` the most beautiful woman in the world '' . While in college , Rai did a few modelling jobs . Following appearances in several television commercials , she entered the Miss India pageant , in which she placed second . She was then crowned Miss World 1994 , after which she began receiving offers to act in film . She made her acting debut in Mani Ratnam 's 1997 Tamil film Iruvar and had her first Hindi film release in Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya that same year . Her first commercial success was the Tamil romantic drama Jeans ( 1998 ) , following which she achieved wider success and won two Best Actress awards at Filmfare for her performances in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam ( 1999 ) and Devdas ( 2002 ) . Rai garnered critical appreciation for portraying a passionate artist in the Tamil romance Kandukondain Kandukondain ( 2000 ) , Tagore 's heroine , Binodini , in the Bengali film Chokher Bali ( 2003 ) , a depressed woman in the drama Raincoat ( 2004 ) , Kiranjit Ahluwalia in the British drama film Provoked ( 2006 ) , as a nurse in the drama Guzaarish ( 2010 ) and as a justise-seeking sister in the biographical drama Sarbjit ( 2015 ) . Rai 's greatest commercial successes have been the romance Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) , the adventure film Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , the historical romance Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) , the science fiction film Enthiran ( 2010 ) , and the romantic drama Ae Dil Hai Mushkil ( 2016 ) . Rai married actor Abhishek Bachchan in 2007 with whom she has one daughter . Her off-screen roles include duties as a brand ambassador for several charity organisations and campaigns . She is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS ( UNAIDS ) . In 2003 , she was the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "722ef46fe422087bb1b0c117742d109f", "text": "Kandukondain Kandukondain Kandukondain Kandukondain ( I have seen , I have seen ) is a 2000 Indian Tamil romance film , an adaptation of Jane Austen 's novel Sense and Sensibility . Directed and co-written by Rajiv Menon , the film features an ensemble cast of Mammootty , Ajith Kumar , Tabu , Aishwarya Rai , and Abbas . Veteran actors Srividya , Raghuvaran and Manivannan also play other supporting roles . The highly successful soundtrack was scored by A. R. Rahman , while Ravi K. Chandran was the film 's cinematographer . The film opened to Indian audiences , after several delays , on 5 May 2000 gaining positive reviews and box office success . Kandukondain Kandukondain was dubbed and released in Telugu as Priyuraalu Pilichindi , and the producers released subtitled versions worldwide . The film went on to feature in international film festivals and gain notable awards . Additionally , Shankar Mahadevan won the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song `` Enna Solla Pogirai '' in the film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "01a93e7d6e5e11c7d9247e5893233ec2", "text": "Angaar Angaar ( English : Fire ) is an Indian Hindi crime drama film directed by Shashilal K. Nair , released on 1 September 1992 . The film stars Jackie Shroff , Dimple Kapadia , and Nana Patekar in lead roles . The film was speculated to have been based on the life of Karim Lala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8568571d1d8245bff5d26e165f3f7aa4", "text": "Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani . The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh . The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c376cfe334a873d8cfc2c68293a865", "text": "Aarathu Sinam Aarathu Sinam ( Anger wo n't subside ) is a Tamil-Indian crime-thriller film written and directed by Arivazhagan and produced by Sri Thenandal Films . A remake of Jeethu Joseph 's Malayalam film Memories ( 2013 ) , the film stars Arulnithi , Aishwarya Rajesh and Aishwarya Dutta in the leading roles . Featuring music composed by Thaman and cinematography by Aravinnd Singh , the film began production during November 2015 and released in February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7afb7ce0eeeeaec7eb20ef7042f1018", "text": "Adharmam Adharmam is a 1994 Tamil language action film directed by Ramesh Balakrishnan . The film features Murali , Ranjitha and Nassar in lead roles . The film had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on Tamil New Year 's Day , 14 April 1994 . V. Manikandan debuted as cinematographer from this film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f52831c906076aa63bb53e307d61f619", "text": "Naina Sarwar Naina Sarwar , is an Indian actress who has worked in the Tamil and Kannada film industries . After making her debut in the Kannada film Bettanagere ( 2015 ) , she has been in films including Adra Machan Visilu ( 2016 ) and Kolanji ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60bcb92395a619fa3e5ea3f4ec9e54b7", "text": "Ardhangi Ardhangi ( English : Wife ; ) is a 1955 Telugu , drama film , produced & directed by P. Pullaiah on Ragini Pictures banner . Starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao , Savitri in the lead roles and music jointly composed by Master Venu & B.Narasimha Rao . The film is based on Bengali novel Swayamsidda written by Manilal Banerjee . The film recorded as Super Hit at the box office . The film has received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu and the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . The film was remade in Tamil as Pennin Perumai in Hindi twice as Bahurani in 1963 and as Jyoti in 1981 , as Bengali movie of the same name . The story of Swayamsiddha was also similar to the Kannada novel Mallammana Pavaada by B. Puttaswamayya which was adapted into 1969 movie titled Mallammana Pavaada for which screenplay was written by the director of this movie P. Pullaiah based on this movie . The Kannada novel Mallammana Pavaada also inspired the 1987 Tamil movie Enga Chinna Rasa which went on to be remade in Telugu as Abbaigaru , in Hindi as Beta , in Kannada as Annayya and in Oriya as Santan ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a8e875a70a0b362129e5edeedbb974f", "text": "Manichitrathazhu Manichitrathazhu ( The Ornate Lock ) is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language psychological thriller film directed by Fazil , written by Madhu Muttam , and produced by Swargachitra Appachan . The film dealt with an unusual theme which was not common in Indian cinema at the time but it proceeded to become the highest grosser at the box-office and it was critically acclaimed as well . Directors such as Siddique-Lal , Priyadarshan , and Sibi Malayil served as second-unit directors . The cinematography was by Venu and it was edited by T. R. Shekar . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Mohanlal , Shobhana , Suresh Gopi , Nedumudi Venu , Innocent , Vinaya Prasad , K. P. A. C. Lalitha , Ganesh Kumar , Sudheesh , and Thilakan in the main roles . The original songs featured in the movie were composed by M. G. Radhakrishnan , and while the original score was composed by Johnson . The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment and Shobhana was awarded the National Film Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the central character Ganga . Apart from being the highest grossing Malayalam film of the year 1993 , Manichitrathazhu is considered as one of the best thrillers ever made in India as well as one of the best Malayalam films ever made . Manichitrathazhu was remade after nearly 10 years in various languages , including Tamil ( Chandramukhi ) , Kannada ( Apthamitra ) , Bengali ( Rajmohol ) , and Hindi ( Bhool Bhulaiyaa ) , all being commercially successful . Geethaanjali , a spin-off directed by Priyadarshan and Mohanlal reprising the role of Dr. Sunny Joseph , was released on 14 November 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9488a0fd86260af1643756d6252601c2", "text": "Sanaadi Appanna Sanaadi Appanna is a 1977 Indian Kannada film directed by Vijay , based on a novel of the same name by Krishnamoorthy Puranik , and starring Rajkumar and Jaya Prada in lead roles . The supporting cast features Ashok , Balakrishna , R. Sampath , Thoogudeepa Srinivas , Papamma and Madhavi ( credited as Baby Madhavi ) . The film is considered a landmark in Kannada cinema . It is notable for the shehnai played for Rajkumar 's character by Bismillah Khan . The film was remade in Telugu as Sannayi Appanna ( 1980 ) starring Sobhan Babu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d062fddc9c2718d6ee30a9d1173e0089", "text": "Aalavandhan Aalavandhan ( Born to Rule ) is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film directed by Suresh Krissna , and produced by S. Thanu . The film stars Kamal Haasan in dual roles , with Raveena Tandon , Manisha Koirala , Vallabh Vyas , and Milind Gunaji in supporting roles . It is among the earliest magic realism films in India . The film features soundtrack composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy and background score composed by Mahesh Mahadevan . The film was also shot in Hindi ( as Abhay ) and dubbed in Telugu under that same title . The film is an adaptation of the novel Dayam that was written by Kamal Haasan in 1984 . Although a critical and commercial failure during its release , Aalavandhan won the National Film Award for Best Special Effects . Over time , the film has become a cult classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce5b53d40ff204eb69f1157114abbd91", "text": "Aishwarya Prabhakar Aishwarya Prabhakar ( commonly known as Aishwarya ) is an Indian television anchor and actress from Chennai , Tamil Nadu . Aishwarya is currently a permanent television anchor for various shows on Sun TV , including Sun Kudumbam Awards , Amul Super Kudumbam , and musical talent reality show Sun Singer . She was also cast in the role of Draupadi in the televised version of the Mahabharatham aired weekly on Sun TV from 10am every Sunday . Aishwarya 's television career started when she went to watch her brother audition ; her brother was not selected , but she was noticed in the crowd and spot-selected . She continued her television appearances through participation in a dance-reality show hosted by Vijay TV , pairing up with Sivakarthikeyan as a finalist in season 3 of Jodi Number One . She received further opportunities to appear as a guest host on musical reality TV shows on Vijay TV including season 2 of Airtel Super Singer Junior , and season 3 of Airtel Super Singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e3204c7dd164758b495a98549dc3573", "text": "Irumbile Oru Irudhaiyam `` Irumbile oru Irudhaiyam '' is a Tamil song from the 2010 film Enthiran , directed by S. Shankar . The song was composed by A. R. Rahman with the Tamil lyrics written by Madhan Karky and the English lyrics written by Lady Kash and Krissy . The Hindi and Telugu version of the song are titled `` Naina Miley '' and `` Inumolo O Hrudayam '' and are written by Swanand Kirkire and Sudaala Ashok Teja respectively . The song features vocals by Rahman along with debutants Lady Kash and Krissy . The latter had also written the English lyrics for the song in all the versions . The lyricist Madhan Karky is the son of poet Vairamuthu , who penned two other songs in the same film . `` Irumbile oru Irudhaiyam '' was his first song as a lyricist though another song had released earlier . About the opportunity , Karky says , `` Working with Shankar sir and a stalwart like A.R. Rahman was super exciting . It 's not the easiest task to start with a film like Enthiran . The song also marked the super career break of Lady Kash and Krissy - Rapper/Singer duo from Singapore . `` Working on Enthiran was truly a humbling and exciting experience '' , they said adding that they were thankful to Rahman for his faith in them . The song was choreographed by Remo Dzousa and was picturised as a club dance number between Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74844a8c96207574dabcda16f14148cb", "text": "Kadamattathachan (1984 film) Kadamattathachan is a 1984 Indian Malayalam film , directed by NP Suresh and produced by NP Suresh . The film stars Prem Nazir , Srividya , Hari and Prathapachandran in lead roles . The film had musical score by A. T. Ummer and Traditional .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28804043ebf5469dda802c1c46f7053a", "text": "Nayyapudai Nayyapudai is a 2016 Tamil drama film directed by Vijay Kiran . The film stars S. A. Chandrasekhar , Pa. . Vijay and Chandini Tamilarasan in the leading roles . The film began production during November 2015 , and was released in February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17762db47764946f1fa155f554fc3f2a", "text": "Ragasiya Police Ragasiya Police is a 1995 Tamil action thriller film written and directed by R. S. Elavarasan . The film features R. Sarathkumar and Nagma in lead roles . The film , produced by A. N. Sundaresan , had musical score by Laxmikant -- Pyarelal and was released on 23 October 1995 . The film bombed at the box-office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4858012210bc9e70f1f6b5965d7e13c", "text": "List of accolades received by Enthiran Enthiran ( Robot ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction film directed by S. Shankar and produced by Kalanithi Maran . Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with Sujatha Rangarajan and Madhan Karky . The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Danny Denzongpa , Santhanam , and Karunas playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by A. R. Rahman while the cinematography , visual effects , editing , and art direction were handled by R. Rathnavelu , V. Srinivas Mohan , Anthony , and Sabu Cyril respectively . The film 's story revolves around a scientist 's struggle to control his creation , an android robot whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions . The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist 's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Robot . Produced on an estimated budget of 1.32 billion , Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of 1.79 billion according to a report by the Sun TV Network . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its cinematography , visual effects , art direction , costume design , and Rajinikanth 's performance . As of 2017 , the film has won 24 awards from 37 nominations . At the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , Enthiran won two awards for Best Special Effects ( Mohan ) and Best Production Design ( Cyril ) . The film was nominated in nine categories at the 58th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Cinematographer ( Rathnavelu ) , Best Art Director ( Cyril ) , and Best Costume Design ( Manish Malhotra ) . At the 5th Vijay Awards , the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven , including Best Villain and Favourite Hero ( Rajinikanth ) , Favourite Film ( Maran ) , and Favourite Director ( Shankar ) . Enthiran won three awards at the 12th IIFA Awards under the Best Special Effects , Best Art Direction , and Best Makeup categories . Among other wins , the film received three Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , two Screen Awards and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each , one Mirchi Music Award , and a special award at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b122e0fd44a9eb0d5a2df441d26a9f", "text": "Arrambam Arrambam ( Beginning ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil action film directed by Vishnuvardhan . Produced by A. Raghuram and co-written by Subha , the film features Ajith Kumar and Nayantara in the lead roles and Arya and Taapsee Pannu in supporting roles . While the score and soundtrack of the film were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja , the cinematography was handled by Om Prakash and editing by A. Sreekar Prasad . Following a six-month long pre-production and the official announcement of the project in May 2012 , filming commenced in June 2012 and continued for the next 15 months . Majority of the filming happened in Mumbai . Other locations included Chennai , Bangalore , Dubai , Hyderabad , Mahabaleshwar , Jaisalmer , Leh and Ladakh . The film was not titled until it entered post-production and was mostly referred to as Thala 53 or Valai , a supposed working title . The film was released on 31 October 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ac4fea29baffcc66935e701dce1057", "text": "Devi (2016 film) Devi is a 2016 Indian musical horror comedy film co-written and directed by A. L. Vijay . It features Prabhu Deva and Tamannaah in lead roles and Sonu Sood , RJ Balaji in supporting roles . Apart from the Tamil version , the film was also simultaneously shot and released in Telugu and Hindi as Abhinetri and Tutak Tutak Tutiya respectively ; the three had a worldwide release on 7 October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3466820935ca235c5fc821cff3255af", "text": "Power of Women (film) Power of Women is a 2005 Tamil drama film , written and directed by Jayadevi . The film stars Kushboo , Hariharan and Riyaz Khan in the lead roles . Music for the film was composed by Vidyasagar and the film opened to mixed reviews in 27 May 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "861c1e9b8a17f6a3e9a7a2d5ed6aae11", "text": "Aasai Aasaiyai Aasai Aasaiyai is an Indian Tamil language romantic film directed by Ravi Mariya . This film was debut of famous producer R.B Choudary 's second son , Jiiva.The female lead role was done by Sharmelee.The music was composed by Mani Sharma . This is the golden jubilee of `` Super Good Films '' movie production company . Song lyrics were penned by Vairamuthu and Ravimariya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de280b80818b870443ca73ac59c1636d", "text": "Chinna Chinna Aasaigal Chinna Chinna Aasaigal ( Small Desires ) is a 1989 Tamil-language Indian feature film directed by Muktha S. Sundar , starring Pandiarajan and Malashri in lead roles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "452e9f7e13652057314266e49349a984", "text": "Olivia Wilde Olivia Wilde ( born Olivia Jane Cockburn ; March 10 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , director , and producer . She is well known for her role as Dr. Remy `` Thirteen '' Hadley on the award-winning medical television series House ( 2007 -- 12 ) and her roles in Alpha Dog ( 2007 ) , Tron : Legacy ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Drinking Buddies ( 2013 ) , and Rush ( 2013 ) . She starred in HBO 's rock 'n' roll drama series Vinyl ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc70dd5ef191d6b707e1488ef436c3d7", "text": "Duffy (film) Duffy is a 1968 Anglo-American comedy film directed by Robert Parrish and starring James Coburn , James Mason , Susannah York and James Fox . Originally called `` Avec-Avec '' , French for `` with-it '' , according to 1967 press reports , Columbia Pictures changed the title of the movie , despite the protests of the stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a66cd3be0297121690e1b0b5ce91d9f", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (opera) The Picture of Dorian Gray , op. 45 , is an American opera in two acts and 12 scenes , with libretto and music by Lowell Liebermann , based on the novel of the same name by Oscar Wilde . The opera had its world premiere at the Monte Carlo Opera on 8 May 1996 , in a production by John Cox , conducted by Steuart Bedford . Bedford also conducted the American premiere , on 5 February 1999 by Florentine Opera , Milwaukee , Wisconsin . The Center City Opera Theater in Philadelphia commissioned a re-orchestration of the opera for chamber orchestra . This version received its first performance on June 6 , 2007 at the Perelman Theater in the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in a production by Leland Kimball , conducted by Andrew M. Kurtz . Aspen Opera Center staged the work in July 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952b1ae56899e27165b2f04650573768", "text": "List of Scandal episodes Scandal is an American political thriller television series created by Shonda Rhimes , which premiered on ABC on April 5 , 2012 . Kerry Washington stars as Olivia Pope , a former White House Communications Director who leaves to start her own crisis management firm , Pope and Associates , where she works to keep the secrets and protect the public images of the country 's most powerful and elite . On staff at the new firm are fresh-faced lawyer Quinn Perkins ( Katie Lowes ) ; smooth talking litigator Harrison Wright ( Columbus Short ) ; investigator Abby Whelan ( Darby Stanchfield ) ; and computer hacker with a CIA past Huck ( Guillermo Diaz ) . The show also focuses on President of the United States Fitzgerald Grant ( Tony Goldwyn ) ; First Lady Mellie Grant ( Bellamy Young ) ; White House Chief of Staff Cyrus Beene ( Jeff Perry ) ; Vice President and eventual presidential candidate Sally Langston ( Kate Burton ) ; U.S. Attorney David Rosen ( Joshua Malina ) ; Head of NSA , Jake Ballard ( Scott Foley ) ; chairwoman Elizabeth North ( Portia de Rossi ) ; activist Marcus Walker ( Cornelius Smith Jr. ) ; and head of B613 Eli Pope ( Joe Morton ) . On February 10 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a seventh season . It was later announced it will be the final season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e8642ef546d1e028cbc90bcaabdc37", "text": "Grace and Gratitude Tour The Grace and Gratitude Tour is the fourteenth concert tour by English-born Australian pop singer Olivia Newton-John . The tour , which became the United States and Canada , gave support to her twenty-second studio album , Grace and Gratitude .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e77ff2b66016fa8a580812c77931a3", "text": "Olivia (singer) Olivia Theresa Longott ( born February 15 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York , U.S. ) , professionally known as Olivia , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actress . She is best known for contributing vocals to 50 Cent 's hit single `` Candy Shop '' and her debut album Olivia . She was also known as a regular cast member in the first three seasons ( 2011 -- 13 ) of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop : New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2b80fc302d06ebd45f9269e57ed2d4", "text": "Lady in a Cage Lady in a Cage is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed by Walter Grauman , written and produced by Luther Davis , and released by Paramount Pictures . It stars Olivia de Havilland and features James Caan in his first substantial film role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "008c763f8c3d9bb5fdd6fd9c881e221c", "text": "Jane Van Etten Jane Van Etten , sometimes credited under her married name , Jane Van Etten Andrews ( born 1871 ) was an American composer and singer , one of the first female composers in the United States to have an opera produced by a regular opera company . This was Guido Ferranti , a one-act opera to a libretto by Elsie M. Wilbor based on the play The Duchess of Padua by Oscar Wilde . It was premiered on December 29 , 1914 , in Chicago by the Century Opera Company at the Auditorium Theater . Hazel Eden was Beatrice and Worthe Faulkner Guido Ferranti ; the work was conducted by Agide Jacchia . The piece received the Bispham Memorial Medal Award . It was said that Van Etten had not studied orchestration , harmony or counterpoint prior to the creation of the opera . The opera won great critical acclaim , but appears not to have been performed again after its premiere . Its music has been described as `` tuneful in the Puccini mode '' . Van Etten was a native of St. Paul , Minnesota ; the daughter of Isaac Van Etten , a prominent local lawyer and politician , she was descended from the Van Etten family of New York . She studied music in New York City , Paris , and London ; her debut came as Siébel in Faust at the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane in 1895 . Among her teachers was Mathilde Marchesi . Upon her marriage in 1901 she gave up singing to concentrate on composition , though she later worked as a teacher of voice in Chicago ; she and her husband , Alfred Burritt Andrews , lived in Evanston , Illinois . Besides the opera , her compositions include songs . Her teachers of composition included Alexander von Fielitz and Bernhard Ziehn . Van Etten 's date of death is unknown . Two of her songs have been recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e18e45114748281f7acff5f0c28d89", "text": "Run (Scandal) `` Run '' is the tenth episode , serving as a mid-season premiere of the fourth season of the American political thriller television series Scandal , and is the 57th overall episode , which aired on ABC on January 29 , 2015 . The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by executive producer Tom Verica . The episode serves as a bottle episode , in which the episode focuses solely on Olivia 's kidnapping and her captivity in a jail cell , which she shares with a cellmate named Ian McLeod . The episode features the fewest series regulars of any episode of the series , with only four regulars appearing : Olivia Pope , Jake Ballard , President Fitzgerald `` Fitz '' Grant lll and Abby Whelan . Shonda Rhimes praised the episode in an interview in which she named it the best episode of Scandal . She praised the writing , saying , `` It is probably my favorite episode that we 've done , ever . It 's my favorite episode that I 've written , of anything that I 've written . But it 's probably our favorite episode that we 've done ever . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43c7d3befe02a6a62dae3fda4b9f442c", "text": "Jane Ransom Jane Reavill Ransom is a prize-winning American novelist and poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e549e84374879a6cd88ae7ac262dc8e", "text": "Olivia (Rossner novel) Olivia ( or , The Weight of the Past ) is the penultimate novel by Judith Rossner , author of the critically acclaimed best sellers Looking for Mr. Goodbar and August . Published in 1994 by Crown , Olivia examines `` a mother-daughter conflict set in the world of gastronomy . '' ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1080b43b867e805f7444b7f6f90ce7", "text": "The Theater Offensive The Theater Offensive is a Boston-based theatrical organization dedicated to the production of queer works . The Theater Offensive was founded in 1989 by Abraham Rybeck `` to present the diversity of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender lives in art so bold it breaks through personal isolation , challenges the status quo , and builds thriving communities . '' The Theater Offensive mounts and produces festivals and individual productions by national and local queer performers , and also serves as a development environment for new theatrical work . In addition , The Theater Offensive works to build community through education , outreach , and political activism . The Theater Offensive has expanded throughout its history . The True Colors OUT Youth Theater troupe concentrates on producing dramatical works produced by young , queer artists . Up until the summer of 2008 , its `` A Street Theater Named Desire '' , a guerrilla AIDS activist theater troupe , enters gay cruising grounds and presents performances that promote safe sex and AIDS education . The Theater Offensive produces an annual Out on the Edge Festival of Queer Theater , which showcases new performing arts works by queer artists from around the world . It has been held each fall since its inception in 1992 . True Colors : Out Youth Theater , a program of The Theater Offensive and the country 's largest and longest-running lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) youth theater program , received the 2016 National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award from First Lady Michelle Obama , for its effectiveness in promoting learning and life skills in young people through the arts by engaging them in creative youth development programming . The National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award is the nation 's highest honor for youth arts programs , and True Colors , which was established in 1994 , is the first LGBTQ organization in history to receive this award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e2de0f9f58ca4ab8a3fc97a166c7b1", "text": "List of 1998 This American Life episodes In 1998 , there were 31 new This American Life episodes . Numbers lie . Numbers cover over complicated feelings and ambiguous situations . In this week 's show , stories of people trying to use numbers to describe things that should not be quantified . 1998-01-02 Stories about people who are destined to fight : brothers and sisters . 1998-01-09 Stories of who we are on the phone , of things we learn on the phone , and of things that happen on the phone that do n't happen anywhere else . 1998-01-16 Stories of people trying to escape the box of their own lives , and create new lives . 1998-01-30 Stories about those moments when someone tries to tell you a little bit more about themselves than you 'd really rather know . 1998-02-07 Stories about couples that all take place decades after that moment their eyes first meet . 1998-02-14 What happens during a `` how-to , '' and what our how-to 's say about us . Most how-to 's promise that you 'll not only learn skills , you 'll be transformed . 1998-02-27 How should we react to people who are in non-monogamous relationships ? What should we think of these struggles with monogamy ? 1998-03-07 People who left their private lives and were seized by some huge historical moment . 1998-03-13 An assault on the idea of wackiness . And then , an appreciation of wackiness , and an analysis of wackiness in American culture . Thirteen ways to describe wackiness . 1998-03-20 Stories about what it means to be a person who throws the first punch ... and how hard it is to give up . 1998-03-27 Variations on what it means to be a girl and what it means to be a woman . 1998-04-10 For the 100th episode of This American Life , a radio show about the pleasures of radio . About what makes radio so great ... and what makes it so terrible . 1998-04-24 During this hour , a special edition of our show : stories about Niagara Falls , half of them from documentary producer Alix Spiegel , who went to the Falls and interviewed people living there ; and half from playwright David Kodeski , who grew up in the town of Niagara Falls . 1998-05-01 With all the American movies and songs and books about the joy of the open road , it 's hard for an American to take just a normal road trip without huge expectations . 1998-05-15 An NPR reporter leaves her three-year-old son and heads to Omaha -- for cancer treatment -- a last chance to save her life . After years of covering stories about medicine , Rebecca Perl enters the hospital as a patient . She moves from the world of healthy people into the world of sick ones . What she sees and what she learns . 1998-05-29 What 's frustrating about music lessons , what 's miraculous about them , and what they actually teach us . This show was recorded in front of a live audience at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco , with help from KQED-FM , during the '98 Public Radio Conference in San Francisco . 1998-06-05 Two stories of people who try to cross the color line -- and why it 's still so hard . We hear the story of a failed interracial marriage and the story of a teenager from a poor inner city neighborhood ( Cedric Jennings , pictured ) who ends up at an Ivy League University -- and how he barely survives there . 1998-06-12 For this Father 's Day , stories in which fathers and their kids sit down and try to have an honest moment together . And stories about fathers who are n't close with their kids . 1998-06-19 For the July 4th holiday weekend , writer Sarah Vowell and her twin sister re-trace the `` Trail of Tears '' -- the route their Cherokee ancestors took when expelled from their own land by President Andrew Jackson . 1998-07-03 Two stories of children lying to themselves and others . A woman who 'd been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis talks about the lies she told herself as a child . And Dan Gediman tells the story of how he was cast in the public TV show Zoom , which aired from 1972 to 1979 , at the age of ten . Then he was cut from the cast before the show ever went on the air . So for years , he lied about it . He let friends believe he was on Zoom . 1998-08-07 Stories of summer camp . People who love camp say that non-camp people simply do n't understand what 's so amazing about camp . In this program , we attempt to bridge the gap of misunderstanding between camp people and non-camp people . 1998-08-28 Five ways of mapping the world . One story about people who make maps the traditional way -- by drawing things we can see . And other stories about people who map the world using smell , sound , touch , and taste . The world redrawn by the five senses . 1998-09-04 Two brothers set out with a friend to cross America on horseback . They take a tape recorder with them to make a kind of audio journal of their trip . What they find , who they meet , and what they learn in this experiment in 19th-century travel . Plus other stories . 1998-09-11 Germs , and how they make us leave the world of rational thinking . 1998-10-02 What happens when you suddenly strike it rich . And the power money has over our lives , for good and bad . 1998-10-16 Stories of people 's last words before death . Their one last shot at figuring things out , summing things up . One last moment of asserting the fact of our existence , at the moment of our annihilation . 1998-10-23 Stories of the first day on the job , the first day in a relationship , the first day in school . On the first day , any first day , we 're expected to live by the rules and customs of the culture we 're entering , but we do n't know those rules and customs just yet . 1998-11-13 For Thanksgiving , the time of year when poultry consumption is highest , it 's our annual program about turkeys , chickens , and fowl of all types . 1998-11-27 The family table is stage on which many family dramas are played out . We hear three stories ... of three families ... at three meals . 1998-12-11 Stories about seeing and being seen . Taped before a live audience in Town Hall in New York City in December 1998 , this was a co-production with WNYC New York , featuring live music by the pop band They Might Be Giants and the This American Life Orchestra . 1998-12-18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9015a8e97dcc228dfc296f3c05f5164", "text": "Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album) Olivia is the second studio album by the British-Australian singer-songwriter Olivia Newton-John , released in 1972 . Two of its songs were released as singles ( `` What Is Life '' and `` My Old Man 's Got a Gun '' ) . In its initial release , it was not issued in the United States , though it was sold there as an import . A digitally remastered version was released in 1995 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e1b55e34ba121110f8e6090fc966a7c6", "text": "Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( -LSB- mænˈdɛlə -RSB- 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 ) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , politician , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress ( ANC ) party from 1991 to 1997 . A Xhosa , Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid -- a system of racial segregation that privileged whites -- he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government . In 1962 , he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial . Mandela served 27 years in prison , initially on Robben Island , and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison . Amid growing domestic and international pressure , and with fears of a racial civil war , President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990 . Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President . Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution , Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country 's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses . Economically , Mandela 's administration retained its predecessor 's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs , also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty , and expand healthcare services . Internationally , he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999 . He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy , Thabo Mbeki . Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation . Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life . Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid 's supporters , he gained international acclaim for his activism . Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more than 250 honours -- including the Nobel Peace Prize -- and became the subject of a cult of personality . He is held in deep respect within South Africa , where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name , Madiba , and described as the `` Father of the Nation '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "40ac3d3a2da1134234dcf2d67b20a1e1", "text": "International rankings of South Africa International rankings of", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4", "text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c72a749b8f2429e6add3b0382b3ec9", "text": "Miss South Africa Miss South Africa is a national beauty pageant in South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a4e05d3625895688055da1342f12e2", "text": "Speech at the Opening of the Parliament of South Africa, 1990 On 2 February 1990 , the State President F. W. de Klerk delivered a speech at the opening of the 1990 session of the Parliament of South Africa in which he announced sweeping reforms that marked the beginning of the negotiated transition from apartheid to constitutional democracy . The reforms promised in the speech included the unbanning of the African National Congress ( ANC ) and other anti-apartheid organisations , the release of political prisoners including Nelson Mandela , the end of the state of emergency , and a moratorium on the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8496c4e0d6f2e60054cf331b7bb2198", "text": "International Defence and Aid Fund The International Defence and Aid Fund or IDAF ( also the Defence Aid Fund for Southern Africa ) was a fund created by John Collins during the 1956 Treason Trial in South Africa . After learning of those accused of treason for protesting against apartheid , including Nelson Mandela , Collins created the fund in order to pay all legal expenses and look after the families of those on trial . The group was non-partisan . This was one of the first examples of foreign intervention against apartheid in South Africa and proved very successful with over # 75,000 being raised towards defending those accused . Ultimately all were acquitted In 1981 , the Defence Aid Fund for Southern Africa founded Canon Collins Trust , now known as Canon Collins Educational & Legal Assistance Trust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2caa6d455407190924319e8d2e3342f", "text": "Nelson Mandela Children's Fund The Nelson Mandela Children 's Fund ( NMCF ) is a charitable organisation founded by Nelson Mandela , based in South Africa . Its mission is to help individuals from birth to age 22 , particularly orphans of the AIDS crisis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809089ab6fbaebe426ecb130349efe03", "text": "Mandla Mandela Zwelivelile `` Mandla '' Mandela ( born 1974 ) is the chief of the Mvezo Traditional Council and the grandson of Nelson Mandela . He graduated from Rhodes University with a degree in Politics in 2007 . His father , Makgatho Mandela , died in 2005 , which paved his way to the head of the tribe . As the tribe did not discuss electing a member from the Mandela family until 2007 , he was chosen as successor . Nelson Mandela had given up the right of Xhosa leader nearly 70 years ago to fight white rule in South Africa . As the tribe looked to Nelson Mandela to reclaim his clan , he suggested his grandson assume the role . When the younger Mandela became chief in 2007 , he was only 32 years old and most of his duties were said to involve tribal ceremonies , settling disputes among tribe members , and representing the tribe on political issues . Mandela has been a member of parliament for the African National Congress since the 2009 election . Mandela attended Waterford Kamhlaba a United World College in Swaziland until 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c2ab1a13491188ae5a88eac829a3693", "text": "Amnesty International South Africa Amnesty International South Africa ( AI SA ) is a South African organisation that works to end human rights abuses along with its affiliate organization Amnesty International . Amnesty International South Africa was founded in 1990 and grew from modest beginnings to become a key player in South Africa 's transition to democracy and an important part of Amnesty 's international movement , hosting the Amnesty International ICM in 1997 . Today Amnesty International South Africa continues to campaign on multiple fronts including human rights education , women 's rights , arms control and Zimbabwe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f84262efba9b6d77025e7d14085d240f", "text": "Vusi Mahlasela Vusi Sidney Mahlasela Ka Zwane ( born 1965 in Pretoria , South Africa ) is a Sotho South African singer-songwriter . His music is generally described as `` African folk '' and he is often dubbed as `` The Voice '' of South Africa . His work was an inspiration to many in the anti-apartheid movement . His themes include the struggle for freedom , and forgiveness and reconciliation with enemies . Vusi has released seven studio albums on Sony in South Africa and was signed to Dave Matthews ' ATO Records in 2003 . Vusi can also be heard performing on Warren Haynes ' Live at Bonnaroo release during the song `` Soulshine '' , and the Dave Matthews Band song , `` Everyday '' , from the album of the same name as well as a live version of the song with him which appears on the album The Best of What 's Around Vol . 1 . Vusi was also one of the performers at the Live 8 concerts and at Live Earth . Vusi performed at Nelson Mandela 's inauguration in 1994 and has subsequently performed at Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute in Hyde Park , London in 2008 , and at Mandela Day at Radio City Music Hall in July 2009 . His song `` When You Come Back '' was used at ITV 's theme song for their World Cup coverage in 2010 and Vusi performed at the FIFA World Cup Kick Off concert at Orlando Stadium in Soweto , South Africa . In 2012 , the SAMA Awards honored Vusi with a lifetime achievement award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfc2d95a5f0996db7176900c0b4204c", "text": "Edwin Cameron Edwin Cameron ( born 15 February 1953 in Pretoria ) is a judge on the Constitutional Court of South Africa . He is well known for his HIV/AIDS and gay-rights activism and was hailed by Nelson Mandela as `` one of South Africa 's new heroes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ba36eb47a3611c53f54914ce089a339", "text": "Boer Republics The Boer Republics ( sometimes also referred to as Boer states ) were fiercely independent , Protestant , self-governed republics created by the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony and their descendants , variously named Trekboers , Boers and Voortrekkers in mainly the middle , northern and north eastern and eastern parts of what is now the country of South Africa . Two of the Boer Republics achieved international recognition and complete independence : the South African Republic ( ZAR or Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State . The republics came to an end after the Second Boer War which resulted in the British annexation and later incorporation into the Union of South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "479051689ad1c24496502432478598fa", "text": "52nd National Conference of the African National Congress The 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress ( ANC ) was held in Polokwane , Limpopo from 16 December -- 20 December 2007 . It elected Jacob Zuma and supporters to the party 's top leadership and National Executive Committee ( NEC ) , representing a significant defeat for Thabo Mbeki , then the party 's incumbent president and president of the country . The conference was significant as a precursor to the general election of 2009 , in which the newly elected leader of the ANC , the current majority party in the national parliament , became the next President of South Africa . ( Thabo Mbeki resigned on 20 September 2008 and was replaced by Kgalema Motlanthe on 25 September 2008 . ) It was also the first leadership contest between two candidates at the national level since the 38th National Conference of the African National Congress in 1949 , a watershed moment in the party 's history when the moderate leadership was displaced by such figures as Nelson Mandela , Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0078ae30ab912ab48fce598b7299ef5f", "text": "Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa The Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa is a judge in the Constitutional Court of South Africa and the second-highest judicial post in the Republic of South Africa , after the Chief Justice . The post , originally called `` Deputy President of the Constitutional Court '' , was created in September 1995 by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Second Amendment Act , 1995 , which was an amendment to the Interim Constitution . The position was retained by the final Constitution which came into force in February 1997 . In November 2001 the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa restructured the judiciary , and the post was renamed to `` Deputy Chief Justice '' . The first Deputy President of the Constitutional Court was Ismail Mahomed . In 1997 he became Chief Justice , and was replaced by Pius Langa , who continued as Deputy Chief Justice after 2001 . Justice Langa was elevated to Chief Justice in 2005 , and succeeded by Dikgang Moseneke . Moseneke retired on 20 May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df3fac8787ad7e1c005e61fbe38a038", "text": "Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998 The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act , 1998 ( Act No. 120 of 1998 ) is a South African statute in terms of which marriages performed under African customary law , including polygynous marriages , are recognized as legal marriages . It also reformed the law relating to the legal status of women in customary marriages , the financial consequences of a customary marriage and the dissolution of customary marriages , replacing the customary law with statutory provisions . The act was signed by President Nelson Mandela on 20 November 1998 but only came into force on 15 November 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed437e16d9b6655e0e27e269a39b3810", "text": "South Africa–Taiwan relations South Africa -- Taiwan relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Taiwan and the Republic of South Africa . Taiwan and South Africa established diplomatic ties in 1949 . The ties lasted and grew throughout the apartheid-era in South Africa and officially ended in January 1998 when South African President Nelson Mandela recognized the People 's Republic of China . Despite the ending of diplomatic relations , Taiwan and South Africa continue to maintain trade relations . In the absence of formal diplomatic relations , the two countries now have `` Liaison Offices '' , which serve as de facto embassies . South Africa is now represented in Taipei by the Liaison Office of the Republic of South Africa . Similarly , Taiwan is represented by the Taipei Liaison Office in the Republic of South Africa in Pretoria . There is also a Taipei Liaison Office in Cape Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689d8e06f5b70ab0e2ff261c0fd88208", "text": "Schabir Shaik trial The Schabir Shaik trial was an important court trials in post-apartheid South Africa . The case , tried in the Durban and Coast Local Division of the High Court before Judge Hilary Squires , proved the fraudulent and corrupt relationship between Durban-based businessman Schabir Shaik and South African leader Jacob Zuma . Shaik 's writing off of Zuma 's significant personal loans in 1999 had raised suspicions about their financial activities . After Shaik 's petition of appeal to the Supreme Court of Appeal failed he started to serve his sentence of 15 years on 9 November 2006 . After Shaik 's brother , Chippy Shaik , was suspended from the Department of Defence for his involvement in a corrupt arms deal , Schabir Shaik was arrested in 2001 for the possession of secret documents , after which investigators found that he was involved in corrupt dealings with Zuma as well as fraud . He was brought to trial in October 2004 , pleading not guilty . Shaik 's trial was the subject of intense media attention due to the involvement of several high-profile members of the South African government . Though Shaik claimed that his financial dealings were legitimate , on 30 May 2005 , the Durban High Court handed down its final judgment . He was pronounced guilty of corruption for paying Zuma 1.2 million Rand ( US$ 185,000 ) to further their relationship and for soliciting a bribe from the French arms company Thomson-CSF , as well as guilty of fraud for writing off more than R1 million ( US$ 154,000 ) of Zuma 's unpaid debts . Judge Squires sentenced Shaik to two terms of 15 years for corruption and one term of 3 years for fraud , to be served concurrently . Following the decision , Zuma stepped down from his seat in Parliament , though he remained deputy president of the African National Congress at that time . Thabo Mbeki , the standing President , also sacked Zuma as his deputy . Zuma was later elected as the President of the ANC . Shaik then attempted an appeal at the Supreme Court of Appeal . However , all five judges under President Craig Howie unanimously rejected his appeal , and agreed the correct sentence had been given over a year prior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd6d83b623c50e6bad3dcfb8c7fff1c", "text": "Krugerrand For the Ian McNabb album , see Krugerrands . The Krugerrand ( -LSB- ˈkryχərˌrant -RSB- ; -LSB- langˈkruːɡərˌrænd -RSB- or -LSB- - ˌrɑːnd -RSB- ) is a South African gold coin , first minted in 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by the South African Mint . By 1980 the Krugerrand accounted for 90 % of the global gold coin market . The name itself is a compound of Kruger ( the former South-African president depicted on the obverse ) and rand , the South African unit of currency . During the 1970s and 1980s some Western countries forbade import of the Krugerrand because of its association with the apartheid government of South Africa . Production levels of Krugerrands have significantly varied during the last 50 years . During 1967 -- 1969 , around 40,000 coins were minted each year . In 1970 , the number rose to over 200,000 coins . More than one million coins were produced in 1974 , and in 1978 a total of six million Krugerrands were produced . Following the end of apartheid , the production dropped to 23,277 coins in 1998 and since then levels have increased again , albeit not reaching pre-international sanction levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f166869e1f332b7c2ba082cd2179a78a", "text": "Burger's Daughter Burger 's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Nadine Gordimer , first published in the United Kingdom in June 1979 by Jonathan Cape . The book was expected to be banned in South Africa , and a month after publication in London the import and sale of the book in South Africa was prohibited by the Publications Control Board . Three months later , the Publications Appeal Board overturned the banning and the restrictions were lifted . Burger 's Daughter details a group of white anti-apartheid activists in South Africa seeking to overthrow the South African government . It is set in the mid-1970s , and follows the life of Rosa , the title character , as she comes to terms with her father Lionel Burger 's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . The perspective shifts between Rosa 's internal monologue ( often directed towards her father or her lover Conrad ) , and the omniscient narrator . The novel is rooted in the history of the anti-apartheid struggle and references to actual events and people from that period , including Nelson Mandela and the 1976 Soweto uprising . Gordimer herself was involved in South African struggle politics , and she knew many of the activists , including Bram Fischer , Mandela 's treason trial defence lawyer . She modelled the Burger family in the novel loosely on Fischer 's family , and described Burger 's Daughter as `` a coded homage '' to Fischer . While banned in South Africa , a copy of the book was smuggled into Mandela 's prison cell on Robben Island , and he reported that he `` thought well of it '' . The novel was generally well-received by critics . A reviewer for The New York Times said that Burger 's Daughter is Gordimer 's `` most political and most moving novel '' , and a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as `` elegant '' , `` fastidious '' and belonging to a `` cultivated upper class '' . A critic in The Hudson Review had mixed feelings about the book , saying that it `` gives scarcely any pleasure in the reading but which one is pleased to have read nonetheless '' . Burger 's Daughter won the Central News Agency Literary Award in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aac8fe732cdb6453db0c517dc87ece", "text": "South African Music Award for Newcomer of the Year The South African Music Awards ( often simply the SAMAs ) are the Recording Industry of South Africa 's music industry awards , established in 1995 . The ceremony is held in late-April or May every year , with the judging process starting in November of the previous year . The nominations are typically announced at the end of March . The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA . The show is consistently held at the Super Bowl in Sun City , with exception of two years , and broadcast live on national broadcaster , SABC . The ceremony features live performances by a selection of nominees . The SAMAs are considered the South African equivalent of the American Grammy Awards . MTN has been the title sponsor of the event since 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05dcecf50cd023e7a4f74f9966e377ec", "text": "Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa Nelson Mandela : An International Tribute for a Free South Africa was a music concert that took place on 16 April 1990 at Wembley Stadium , Wembley Park , London , United Kingdom ( UK ) and was broadcast to more than 60 countries . It was held two months after the release of Nelson Mandela from a South African apartheid prison and was regarded by Mandela as an official international reception .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c252de62da27926477b81fb08c74c56f", "text": "Macbeth Macbeth ( -LSB- məkˈbɛθ -RSB- full title The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare ; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606 . It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake . Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I , who was patron of Shakespeare 's acting company , Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright 's relationship with his sovereign . It was first published in the Folio of 1623 , possibly from a prompt book , and is Shakespeare 's shortest tragedy . A brave Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland . Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife , Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself . He is then wracked with guilt and paranoia . Forced to commit more and more murders to protect himself from enmity and suspicion , he soon becomes a tyrannical ruler . The bloodbath and consequent civil war swiftly take Macbeth and Lady Macbeth into the realms of madness and death . Shakespeare 's source for the story is the account of Macbeth , King of Scotland ; Macduff ; and Duncan in Holinshed 's Chronicles ( 1587 ) , a history of England , Scotland , and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries , although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth . The events of the tragedy are usually associated with the execution of Henry Garnet for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 . In the backstage world of theatre , some believe that the play is cursed , and will not mention its title aloud , referring to it instead as `` The Scottish Play '' . Over the course of many centuries , the play has attracted some of the most renowned actors to the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth . It has been adapted to film , television , opera , novels , comics , and other media .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d4b6fd7cc0340761f1d245f3abf88d65", "text": "Macbeth (1982 film) Macbeth is a 1982 Hungarian dramatic experimental independent underground art television film directed by Béla Tarr . György Cserhalmi plays Macbeth while Erzsébet Kútvölgyi plays Lady Macbeth . The film is composed of only two shots : The first shot ( before the main title ) is five minutes long , the second 57 minutes long . The film has been screened during a retrospective held in honor of director Béla Tarr at the 33rd Moscow International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227715adaac58db72d384c04f14eeee", "text": "Voodoo Macbeth The Voodoo Macbeth is a common nickname for the Federal Theatre Project 's 1936 New York production of William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . Orson Welles adapted and directed the production , moved the play 's setting from Scotland to a fictional Caribbean island , recruited an entirely African American cast , and earned the nickname for his production from the Haitian vodou that fulfilled the role of Scottish witchcraft . A box office sensation , the production is regarded as a landmark theatrical event for several reasons : its innovative interpretation of the play , its success in promoting African-American theatre , and its role in securing the reputation of its 20-year-old director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e020697352cf2dfeceeb8d80a85ee038", "text": "Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 . The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young . However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . '' Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them . The book contains the following tales : The Tempest ( Mary Lamb ) A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb ) The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb ) Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb ) As You Like It ( Mary Lamb ) Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb ) The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb ) Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb ) King Lear ( Charles Lamb ) Macbeth ( Charles Lamb ) All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb ) The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb ) The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb ) Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb ) Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb ) Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb ) Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb ) Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb ) Othello ( Charles Lamb ) Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb ) Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 . In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3054092baa71c5923aaa1acb320d2a9a", "text": "Macbeth (1915 film) Macbeth is a French 1915 film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play Macbeth . It was released on December 31 , 1915 in France . It is a silent black-and-white film with French intertitles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fa179779d944bc01227d49545b4aa", "text": "Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style . The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f3b2cef531c81375a0a5a51d8ea1fc2", "text": "Thane of Cawdor The title Thane of Cawdor is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current 7th Earl of Cawdor , of Clan Campbell of Cawdor , is the 26th Thane of Cawdor . In William Shakespeare 's play Macbeth , this title was given to Macbeth after he captured the previous Thane of Cawdor . The historical King Macbeth fought a Thane of Cawdor who died in battle , but he did not thereby acquire the title himself . The 2nd Earl of Cawdor wrote a history of the Thanes of Cawdor , in 1742 , published in 1859 . According to the 2nd Earl , the first thane was originally a Celtic chieftain who allied with Anglo-Saxon King of Scotland at a time lost to the historical record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1778978d0e59d0861a058544e016100", "text": "Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare 's editors were essential in the development of the modern practice of producing printed books and the evolution of textual criticism . The 17th-century folio collections of the plays of William Shakespeare did not have editors in the modern sense of the term . In the best understanding of contemporary consensus scholarship , the plays to be included in the First Folio ( 1623 ) were gathered together or `` compiled '' by John Heminges and Henry Condell , two long-time colleagues of Shakespeare in the King 's Men . The play manuscripts may have been proofread and prepared for printing by Edward Knight , the `` book-keeper '' or prompter of the company . The task of proofreading and correcting the actual printed pages of the Folio was left to the compositors and printers in the print-shop , yielding the uneven and often defective text that is the First Folio . Even less is known about the creation of the Second ( 1632 ) , Third ( 1663 -- 64 ) , and Fourth Folios ( 1685 ) than about the First ; see Folios and Quartos ( Shakespeare ) . In the 18th century , however , interested individuals made the first concerted efforts to bring order to the tangle of textual difficulties that the Folios of the previous century presented . The list below gives the date of each edition of Shakespeare 's plays , the editor , the format of the collection , and pertinent specific information . 1709 , Nicholas Rowe ; octavo , 6 volumes . Rowe was the first person to attempt a clean and fully comprehensible text of the plays ; but he depended upon a copy of the Fourth Folio and made generally conjectural emendations . He also added full stage directions ( he was a playwright himself ) and full lists of Dramatis personae , and wrote the first biographical sketch of the poet . 1725 , Alexander Pope ; quarto , 6 volumes . Pope was the first to attempt a collation of the quarto texts of the plays , yet he produced what was basically a reprint of Rowe that added little of value . 1733 , Lewis Theobald ; octavo , 7 volumes . Theobald has been called `` the first Shakespeare scholar '' ; he carried forward the task of collating the quartos , and began the study of Shakespeare 's sources and the order of the plays ' composition . ( See Chronology of Shakespeare 's plays . ) 1744 , Thomas Hanmer ; quarto , 6 volumes . Hanmer relied on Theobald 's text , and made guesswork corrections . His edition was reprinted in 1770 . 1747 , William Warburton ; octavo , 8 volumes . Warburton built upon Pope 's edition ; indeed , Warburton placed Pope 's name before his own on the title pages of his edition . In his preface , Warburton wrote that his friend Pope `` was desirous I should give a new Edition of this Poet , as he thought it might contribute to put a stop to a prevailing folly of altering the Text of celebrated Authors without Talents or Judgment . And he was willing that his Edition should be melted down into mine , as it would , he said , afford him ( so great is the modesty of an ingenuous temper ) a fit opportunity of confessing his Mistakes . '' The phrase `` without Talents or Judgment '' refers to Theobold and Hanmer . However , Warburton did allow , rather begrudgingly , some corrections put forward by Theobold and Hanmer : `` For the rest , all the Corrections which these two Editors have made on any reasonable Foundation , are here admitted into the Text ; and carefully assigned to their respective Authors . A piece of Justice which the Oxford Editor never did ; and which the Other was not always scrupulous in observing towards me . '' In 1748 Thomas Edwards published his Supplement to Warburton 's Edition of Shakespeare , in later editions called The Canons of Criticism -- a satirical but spot-on analysis of Warburton 's editorial emendations , some of which are truly silly . Samuel Johnson had this to say : `` Soon after Edwards 's Canons of Criticism came out , Johnson was dining at Tonson the Bookseller 's , with Hayman the Painter and some more company . Hayman related to Sir Joshua Reynolds , that the conversation having turned upon Edwards 's book , the gentlemen praised it much , and Johnson allowed its merit . But when they went farther , and appeared to put that authour upon a level with Warburton , `` Nay , ( said Johnson , ) he has given him some smart hits to be sure ; but there is no proportion between the two men ; they must not be named together . A fly , Sir , may sting a stately horse and make him wince ; but one is but an insect , and the other is a horse still . '' 1765 , Samuel Johnson , The Plays of William Shakespeare ; octavo , 8 volumes . Johnson in turn relied upon Warburton ; his edition is noteworthy mainly for its famous Preface . 1768 , Edward Capell ; octavo , 10 volumes . Appalled by the undisciplined emendations of Hanmer and Warburton , Capell spent three decades collecting and collating the quartos . He was also the first to exploit the Stationers ' Register and Francis Meres 's Palladis Tamia , and to explore Shakespeare 's use of Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles and Sir Thomas North 's translation of Plutarch 's Parallel Lives . 1773 , George Steevens ; octavo , 10 volumes . Steevens employed Johnson 's text , but continued Capell 's trend of adding new material . Steevens revised and re-issued his edition in 1778 ; in 1780 Edmond Malone added another 2 volumes that contained Shakespeare 's non-dramatic poems and other material . Isaac Reed revised the Steevens edition again in 1785 , and Steevens himself produced one final , 15-volume revision in 1793 . 1790 , Edmond Malone ; octavo , 10 volumes . Malone , often considered the best of the century 's editors of Shakespeare , wrote the first general consideration of English Renaissance theatre , utilizing resources like the records of the Master of the Revels and Edward Alleyn 's papers at Dulwich College . He is also noted for his work on the problem of chronology . The early 19th century saw the first Variorum editions of Shakespeare 's works , editions that collated and synthesized the efforts of the editors of the previous century : 1803 , the First Variorum edition , edited by Isaac Reed ; 21 volumes . 1813 , the Second Variorum , a reprint of the First ; 21 volumes . 1821 , the Third Variorum , edited by James Boswell ; 21 volumes . These massive editions laid the foundation for modern textual scholarship on Shakespeare 's works , and by extension on works of literature in general . In the 19th century the text , drawn primarily from Malone and Steevens , was `` monumentalized '' in the Cambridge edition ( 1863-6 ) and its single-volume companion , the Globe edition ( 1864 ) . It was followed by the New Cambridge edition in 1921 , and all modern standard editions inherit primarily from this edition . As for the personalities involved : some of these men were friends , like Steevens , Reed , and Malone ; acquaintances called them the Shakespeare Gang . Others nourished spirits of competitiveness and resentment . Pope made Theobald the first hero of The Dunciad . Warburton belittled Rowe 's `` Account of the Life '' of Shakespeare -- but he reprinted it in his own edition , without change or improvement . Despite his friendship with Malone and Reed , Steevens was famous for his irascibility ; in notes to his 1793 edition of Shakespeare , he concocted obscene interpretations of some passages and attributed those readings to people he did n't like . The next major edition , the Cambridge Shakespeare ( 1863 -- 66 ) , moved away from the practice of a single editor following his own sometimes capricious instincts and judgments . The first volume of the Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark and John Glover , and the subsequent eight volumes by Clark and William Aldis Wright . Clark and Wright also produced the single-volume Globe Shakespeare ( 1864 ) using their Cambridge texts ; together , these became the standard for the remainder of the century . The most radical edition in the twentieth century was the Oxford Shakespeare , prepared under the general editorship of Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor . It aims to present the texts as they were originally performed , which results in numerous controversial choices , including presenting multiple texts of King Lear , a text of Hamlet in which the scenes presumably cut by Shakespeare are relegated to an appendix , and an emphasis on the collaborative nature of several of the plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cd15b4e460035cda71682c3f60b774", "text": "The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays . The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . ) The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' . Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1a49bfb55da7de3ebb9f0c5c1c3ca7", "text": "Summer Shakespeare Festival The Summer Shakespeare Festival ( Czech : Letní shakespearovské slavnosti , Slovak : Letné shakespearovské slávnosti ) takes place in the courtyard of Burgrave Palace at Prague Castle . The festival was originally initiated by Václav Havel . The performances are also presented at Špilberk in Brno and at Bratislava Castle in Bratislava . The organizers closely cooperate with Martin Hilský , who translated most of the staged plays . So far , the most acclaimed was the performance of King Lear in 2002 . In 2004 , director Martin Huba was selected for an ambitious project , a performance of Romeo and Juliet such as that one evening Capulets would be Slovaks and Monteks Czechs and the next day vice versa . The project failed , Huba said to the media that even though the dialogs translated by Ľubomír Feldek and Martin Hilský were perfect , they somehow did not fit together . In the end , the only Slovak-speaking character was the Nurse , performed by Emília Vášáryová .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31095dc15790d96977d92ed365422ab7", "text": "Macbeth (1979 film) Macbeth is a 1979 videotaped version of Trevor Nunn 's Royal Shakespeare Company production of the play by William Shakespeare . Produced by Thames Television , it features Ian McKellen as Macbeth and Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth . The TV version was directed by Philip Casson . The original stage production was performed at The Other Place , the RSC 's small studio theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon . It had been performed in the round before small audiences , with a bare stage and simple costuming . The recording preserves this style : the actors perform on a circular set and with a mostly black background ; changes of setting are indicated only by lighting changes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fae12c35f9ef54e6cb2c3fd3d322ad5", "text": "Hamlet (1921 film) Hamlet is a 1921 German film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play of the same name starring Danish silent film actress Asta Nielsen . It was directed by Svend Gade and Heinz Schall . In this interpretation , inspired by Dr. Edward P. Vining 's book The Mystery of Hamlet , Hamlet is born female and disguised as a male to preserve the lineage . Though a radical interpretation , the New York Times said this film , `` holds a secure place in class with the best . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab2ca2846d211d53fb4dc328e9b503ef", "text": "Queen Mab Queen Mab ( pronunciation : `` M / ă / v '' ) is a fairy referred to in William Shakespeare 's play Romeo and Juliet , where `` she is the fairies ' midwife . '' Later , she appears in other poetry and literature , and in various guises in drama and cinema . In the play , her activity is described in a famous speech by Mercutio written originally in prose and often adapted into iambic pentameter , in which she is described as a miniature creature who performs midnight pranks upon sleepers . Being driven by a team of atomies , she rides her chariot over their noses and `` delivers the fancies of sleeping men . '' Additionally , while driving `` O'er ladies ' lips , who straight on kisses dream , '' she was known to change her mind and instead `` plague '' `` ladies ' lips '' `` with blisters '' if she smelled `` sweetmeats '' or candied fruit eaten to sweeten their breath . Along with this interpretation , others believe the blisters were a reference to the plague or to herpes simplex . She is also described as a midwife to help sleepers ` give birth ' to their dreams . She may be a figure borrowed from folklore , and though she is often associated with the Irish Medb in popular culture , and has been suggested by historian Thomas Keightley to be from Habundia , a more likely origin for her name would be from Mabel and the Middle English derivative `` Mabily '' ( as used by Chaucer ) all from the Latin amabilis ( `` lovable '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bec9df4cc2f8d6ae780ecfbfb124347f", "text": "Scottish Theatre Company The Scottish Theatre Company was started in 1980 under the direction of Dundee-born actor Ewan Hooper who had revived the Greenwich Theatre , London in 1969 , but for most of its 8 years it was directed by his successor Tom Fleming . From its production base in Glasgow , where its home theatre was the Theatre Royal , it set out its policy of presenting Scottish and international classic drama , and commissioned new plays of Scottish drama . It toured nationally and appeared at the Edinburgh International Festival . The company represented British Theatre at the International Theatre Biennale in Warsaw in 1986 with Sir David Lyndsay 's Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaites . Despite attracting large audiences and its success in securing commercial sponsorship , including Scottish Television , it was brought to an end when the Scottish Arts Council stopped its annual funding . Papers relating to the administration and productions of the Scottish Theatre Company , including papers relating to administration , productions , finance , sponsorship and publicity , 1980-1987 are deposited in Glasgow University Library Special Collections Scottish Theatre Archive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b111e41787043d2e2ae659adf3cd9141", "text": "Mystery play Mystery plays ( perhaps from the Latin `` ministerium '' meaning `` occupation '' ) and miracle plays ( they are distinguished as two different forms although the terms are often used interchangeably ) are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe . Medieval mystery plays focused on the representation of Bible stories in churches as tableaux with accompanying antiphonal song . They told of subjects such as the Creation , Adam and Eve , the murder of Abel , and the last judgment . Oftentimes they were performed together in cycles which could last for days . The name derives from mystery used in its sense of miracle , but an occasionally quoted derivation is from ministerium , meaning craft , and so the ` mysteries ' or plays performed by the craft guilds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a865c72904737ec59f8a8df0a6ba567", "text": "Freewill Shakespeare Festival The Freewill Shakespeare Festival , formerly known as the River City Shakespeare Festival was founded in 1989 . It is produced by the Edmonton , Alberta-based `` Free Will Players '' every summer from late-June to mid-July , with performances in the 1,000-seat Heritage Amphitheater in Hawrelak Park in Edmonton . The Festival includes full-scale professional productions of two plays by William Shakespeare , as well as Camp Shakespeare , a summer drama camp for youth ages 8 -- 16 . In 2008 , the festival was renamed the Freewill Shakespeare Festival . Due to significant damage to Freewill 's traditional venue at the Heritage Amphitheatre in Hawrelak Park , the festival 's 2014 season took place inside the Myer Horowitz Theatre in the University of Alberta 's Student 's Union Building ( 8900 114 St. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7521a7c459d159ea8c8f95b0e27b44c2", "text": "Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) and Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) , for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination . She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Strictly Come Dancing . Grey is the daughter of Academy Award -- winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder . Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0ba1ab8115403dadfaf1f7074a311831", "text": "List of Irish words used in the English language For a list of Irish words that have been imported into English , see the list of English words of Irish origin . For help with pronunciation , see Help : IPA , Help : IPA for Irish , and Irish phonology . Irish words used in English in modern Ireland without being assimilated to English forms include : Amhrán na bhFiann : National Anthem of Ireland ( literally `` Soldiers Song '' ) pronounced ( -LSB- / ˈəuɾˠaːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈvʲiːən̪ˠ / -RSB- ) Áras an Uachtaráin : Residence of the President pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːrəs ən ˈuəxt̪ərɑːnʲ / -RSB- Ardfheis : Party conference ( used by Fianna Fáil , Fine Gael and Sinn Féin ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈɛɕ / -RSB- Ard-Rí : High King ( title used in the Middle Ages ) pronounced -LSB- / ɑːrd riː / -RSB- Bord Fáilte : Irish Tourist Board ( literally `` Welcome Board '' ; now called Fáilte Ireland ) pronounced -LSB- / boːrd ˈfɑːʎtʲə / -RSB- Bunreacht na hÉireann : Constitution of Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈbunraxt nə ˈheːrʲən / -RSB- Ceann Comhairle : Chairman of Dáil Éireann pronounced -LSB- / kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə / -RSB- Dáil Éireann : House of Representatives ( lower house of the Irish Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / d̪ˠaːlʲ ˈeːrʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Éire : Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈeːɾʲə / -RSB- Fianna Fáil : Irish political party ( literally `` Soldiers of Destiny '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˌfʲiənə ˈfɔːlʲ / -RSB- Fine Gael : Irish political party ( literally `` Family of the Gael '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈfʲɪnʲə ˈɡeːl̪ˠ / -RSB- Gaeltacht : Irish-speaking area pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠ / -RSB- Garda : police officer ( plural Gardaí ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə / -RSB- , pl . -LSB- / ˈɡaːɾˠd̪ˠiː / -RSB- Garda Síochána : Irish police service ( literally `` Guardian of the Peace '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə ˈʃiːxaːn̪ˠə n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Oireachtas : ( National Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / ɛrʲaxt̪ˠasˠ / -RSB- Príomh Aire : Prime Minister ( 1919 -- 1921 only ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈpʲrʲiːv ˈarʲə / -RSB- Punt : Irish pound ( currency , now replaced by the euro ) pronounced -LSB- / punt / -RSB- Raidió Teilifís Éireann : National broadcasting service ( RTÉ ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈradʲo ˈtʲɛlʲəfʲiːʃ ˈeːrʲən / -RSB- Saorstát Éireann : Irish Free State pronounced -LSB- / ˈsiːrˌstɑːt ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Seanad Éireann : Irish Senate ( upper house of the Irish Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Sinn Féin : Irish political party ( literally `` Our-selves '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃiɲ fʲeːnʲ / -RSB- Sliotar : Ball used in hurling ( see Gaelic Athletic Association ) pronounced -LSB- / ʃlʲɪt̪ˠəɾˠ / -RSB- Tánaiste : Deputy Prime Minister pronounced -LSB- / ˈtɑːnəʃtʲə / -RSB- Taoiseach : Prime Minister ( literally `` Chieftain '' ) pronounced -LSB- t̪ˠiːʃəx -RSB- Teachta Dála : Member of the lower house of Parliament ( TD ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə / -RSB- Uachtarán na hÉireann : President of Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠɑːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Údarás na Gaeltachta : Development Authority for the Gaeltacht pronounced -LSB- / ˈuːdərɑːs nə ˈɡeːltəxtə / -RSB- Other , more informal terms include : banshee -- bean sí . barmbrack -- An Irish fruit loaf . ó bairín breac , speckled loaf . bodhrán -- A winnowing drum used as a musical instrument . bog -- ( from bogach meaning `` marsh/peatland '' ) a wetland ( according to OED ) . bonnaught -- A type of billeting or a billeted soldier . From Irish buannacht , billeting or billeting tax . boreen -- ( from bóithrín meaning `` small road '' ) a narrow rural road in Ireland . brat -- a cloak or overall -- now only in regional dialects ( from Old Irish bratt meaning `` cloak , cloth '' ) brehon -- A judge of ancient Irish law . From Irish breitheamh . brogue -- ( from bróg meaning `` shoe '' ) a type of shoe ( OED ) . brogue -- A strong regional accent , especially an Irish or one . Not as the OED says , a reference to the footwear of speakers of the brogue , but from barróg , an Irish word for a lisp or accent . callow -- A river meadow , a landing-place , from Irish caladh . camogie -- From Irish camóg , small hooked object , a camogue . The women 's equivalent of hurling . carrageen -- moss . From Irish carraigín , ` little rock ' . carrow -- An ancient Irish gambler , from cearrbhach . caubeen -- An Irish beret , adopted as part of the uniform of Irish regiments of the British Army . From cáibín . clabber -- also bonny-clabber ( from clábar and bainne clábair ) curdled milk . clarsach -- An ancient Irish and Scottish harp , from Irish cláirseach . clock O.Ir . clocc meaning `` bell '' . Probably entered Germanic via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries . coccagee Cac na gé -- goose shit . The name of a type of cider apple found in Ireland , so called for its green colour . colcannon -- A kind of ` bubble and squeak ' . Probably from cál ceannfhionn , white headed cabbage . colleen -- ( from cailín meaning `` a girl '' ) . conk -- Slang term for a big nose . The term Old Conky was a nickname for the Duke of Wellington . Dinneen gives coinncín as ` a prominent nose ' and this seems to be related to terms like geanc , meaning a snub nose . coshering -- Nothing to do with Jewish dietary law . Coshering ( from Irish cóisir , feast ) was when a lord went round staying with his subjects and expecting to be entertained . Because of this cóisireacht can mean ` sponging ' in Modern Irish , though cóisir usually just means a party . coyne -- A kind of billeting , from Irish coinmheadh . crock - As in ' A crock of gold ' , from Irish cnoc . cross -- The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux . The English word comes from Old Irish cros via Old Norse kross . crubeens - Pig 's feet , from Irish Crúibín . cudeigh -- A night 's lodging , from Irish cuid na hoíche . curragh -- An Irish boat made from skins or tarred canvas stretched over a wooden frame . Irish currach . drum , drumlin -- from Irish droim , droimlín . A ridge or small hill of glacial origin , such as in the landscape of Down . drisheen -- is a type of black pudding associated with Cork . From drisín . dudeen -- A clay pipe , from Irish dúidín . dulse -- From Irish duileasc , originally meaning water leaf . A type of edible seaweed . erenagh -- A hereditary holder of church lands . Irish aircheannach . esker -- From eiscir , an elongated ridge of post-glacial gravel , usually along a river valley ( OED ) . Fenian -- From Fianna meaning `` semi-independent warrior band '' , a member of a 19th-century Irish nationalist group ( OED ) . fiacre -- a small four-wheeled carriage for hire , a hackney-coach , associated with St Fiacre area of Paris . Named for Saint Fiachra . fiorin -- A type of long grass , derived from Irish feorthainn . Gallowglass -- ( from gallóglach ) a Scottish Gaelic mercenary soldier in Ireland between mid 13th and late 16th centuries . galore -- ( from go leor meaning `` plenty '' ) a lot . gillaroo -- A type of fish . From Irish giolla rua , red lad . glib -- An obsolete term for a kind of haircut associated with warriors ( because it protected the forehead ) banned by the English . Irish glib , fringe . glom - ( from glám ) To become too attached to someone . gob -- ( literally beak ) mouth . From Irish gob . ( OED ) grouse -- In slang sense of grumble , perhaps from gramhas , meaning grin , grimace , ugly face . griskin -- ( from griscín ) a lean cut of meat from the loin of a pig , a chop . hooligan -- ( from the Irish family name Ó hUallacháin , anglicised as Hooligan or Hoolihan ) . keening -- From caoinim ( meaning `` I wail '' ) to lament , to wail mournfully ( OED . kern -- An outlaw or a common soldier . From ceithearn or ceithearnach , still the word in Irish for a pawn in chess . Leprechaun -- a fairy or spirit ( from leipreachán ) Limerick -- ( from Luimneach ) . The limerick form was particularly associated in the 18th century with a group of Irish language poets called Filí na Máighe . lough -- ( from loch ) a lake , or arm of the sea . madder -- Also mether . A traditional square-sided wooden drinking vessel , Irish meadar . merrow -- An Irish mermaid . Irish murúch . moiley An ancient breed of Irish hornless cattle , from maol , bald or hornless . mucker - ( from mo chara ) A friend ogham Ancient Irish alphabet . The Irish is also ogham ( pronounced oh-um ) . omadhaun - A fool , from Irish amadán . orrery A mechanical model of solar system , named for the Earl of Orrery . This is an old Irish tribal name , Orbhraighe . pampootie -- pampúta A kind of shoe with good grip worn by men in the Aran Islands . phoney -- ( probably from the English fawney meaning `` gilt brass ring used by swindlers '' , which is from Irish fáinne meaning `` ring '' ) fake . pinkeen -- From pincín , a minnow or an insignificant person . This in turn comes from English pink + Irish diminutive -- ín . pollan -- A fish found in Irish loughs , Irish pollán . pookawn -- A fishing boat , from Irish púcán . poteen -- ( from poitín ) hooch , bootleg alcoholic drink . puck -- ( in hockey ) Almost certainly from Irish poc , according to the OED . puss -- As in sourpuss , comes from Irish pus , a pouting mouth . rapparee -- An Irish highwayman , from ropaire ( a stabber ) rath -- A strong circular earthen wall forming an enclosure and serving as a fort and residence for a tribal chief . From Irish rath . shamrock -- ( from seamróg ) a shamrock , diminutive of seamair , clover , used as a symbol for Ireland . Shan Van Vocht -- ( from seanbhean bhocht meaning `` poor old woman '' ) a literary name for Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries . Shanty - A poorly built home in a slum area ( from sean tigh , meaning `` an old house '' ) . shebeen -- ( from síbín meaning `` illicit whiskey , poteen '' , apparently a diminutive of síob , which means drift , blow , ride ) unlicensed house selling alcohol ( OED ) . shillelagh -- ( from sail éille meaning `` a beam with a strap '' ) a wooden club or cudgel made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end . shoneen -- A West Brit , an Irishman who apes English customs . From Irish Seoinín , a little John ( in a Gaelic version of the English form , Seon , not the Irish Seán ) . Sidhe Modern Sí -- the fairies , fairyland . slauntiagh -- An obsolete word for sureties or guarantees , which comes from Irish sláinteacha with the same meaning . sleveen , sleiveen -- ( from slíbhín ) an untrustworthy or cunning person . Used in Ireland and Newfoundland ( OED ) . slew -- ( from slua meaning `` a large number '' ) a great amount ( OED ) . slob -- ( from slab ) mud ( OED ) . slogan -- ( from sluaghairm meaning `` a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans '' ) . I think this is more likely to be of Scottish origin . slug - ( from slog ) A swig of a drink . e.g. . A slug of red eye smithereens small fragments , atoms . In phrases such as ` to explode into smithereens ' . This is the Irish word smidiríní . This is obviously Irish because of the -- ín ending but the basic word seems to be Germanic , something to do with the work of a smith . spalpeen -- A migratory labourer in Ireland . From spailpín . tanist -- The deputy and successor of a chieftain or religious leader . A term used in anthropology . From Irish tánaiste , secondary person . tilly -- ( from tuilleadh meaning `` a supplement '' ) used in Newfoundland to refer to an additional luck-penny . It is used by Joyce in the first chapter of Ulysses . tory -- Originally an Irish outlaw , probably from the word tóraí meaning `` pursuer '' . trousers -- From Irish triús . turlough -- A seasonal lake in limestone area ( OED ) . Irish turloch ` dry lake . ' uilleann pipes -- Irish bellows-blown bagpipes . Uilleann is Irish for ` elbow ' . usker -- From Irish uscar , a jewel sewn into an item of clothing . whiskey -- From uisce beatha meaning `` water of life '' . Other words Bualadh bos ( A round of applause ) Camán ( hurley ) Cipín ( Small stick/firekindling ) Crúibín ( Pigs foot ) Fáilte ( Welcome ) Fláithiúil ( Excessively/uncommonly generous ) Grá ( Great love or affection for someone/something ) Is maith liom ( I like/It 's good ) Lúdramán ( Fool ) Lúdar ( Fool ) Meas ( High regard/respect for someone/something ) Óinseach ( Fool , generally female ) Plámás ( Excessive/Insincere praise or flattery ) Sceach ( Any thorny bush , sceach gheal ( Hawthorn ) ) Sláinte ( Cheers | Good Health ) Slán ( Safe , whole , healthy , complete ) ( Shortened version of go dté tu slán ( `` may you go safely '' ) , used as modern equivalent of the French au revoir or English see you . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce10bfe8c9067bfac23f08437478cf0b", "text": "Ryan Kelly (singer) Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "513151d4a8c8255a0c7a11a2bfc6329e", "text": "Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2fe9273630313d93e5ac920e23280f", "text": "John Browne (sheriff) John Browne ( died 1589 ) was an Irish cartographer and sheriff . Browne appears to have been a member of the Anglo-Norman Browne family of Kilpatrick , County Westmeath . By his own account , he was `` the first Englishman ( Anglo-Irish ) that in the memory of man settled himself to dwell in the county of Mayo . '' In August 1583 , while servant to Sir Christopher Hatton , he created town plans of Athenry and Galway , which he sent to Sir Francis Walsingham . That November , he was appointed the first Sheriff of County Mayo . He settled at The Neale , Ballinrobe , on lands thought to have been acquired from the Mac Meyler Bourkes . In the summer of 1584 , he prepared a map of Mayo , leaving out the barony of Costello and parts of Gallen and Clanmorris . This map was created at the request of Sir Richard Bingham , and was sent to Walsingham . He was again appointed Sheriff in 1587 . Other maps by Browne included one of Connacht , which was completed by his nephew , John , in 1591 , and one of parts of County Monaghan . Browne and his sub-Sheriff , Donnel O'Daly , were killed in an encounter with Risdeard mac Deamhain and Chorrain and Walter na mBuilleadh Burke at Burrishoole in February 1589 at the start of a major rebellion . John Browne married Ann , daughter of Thomas Kardyff of Dunsink , County Dublin . From their only son , Josias Browne , descends Baron Kilmaine , Marquess of Sligo and a number of other Browne families in Mayo . They were known as Browne of the Neale , and distinct from the family of Browne - one of the Tribes of Galway - who also settled in Mayo and assumed the title Baron Oranmore and Browne . Other descendants included John Browne of the Neale ( 1638-1712 ? ) ; John Browne ( died 1762 ) and Henry Browne , Chief Justice of Jamaica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac4089db386a7f330e331b34b330bf3f", "text": "Gaelcholáiste A Gaelcholáiste is a secondary level school in Ireland , both in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland , outside Gaeltacht areas , where Irish is the primary language of teaching and communication . Gaelcholáistí are supported and represented on a practical day-to-day basis by Gaeloideachas ( who also support Irish-medium schools in the Gaeltacht ) and are also supported and represented by An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta agus Gaelscolaíochta , whose name translates into English as The Council for Gaeltacht and Gaelscoileanna Education , or COGG . There are 31 Gaelcholáistí and 17 second-level aonaid Gaeilge ( Irish language units ) on the island of Ireland attended by over 11,000 students . A further over 3,000 pupils are receiving their second level education through Irish in the Gaeltacht .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef5dbca5c4e964b38f184646ba83922", "text": "Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d621514a36aaeb1f00fd1532abfda4", "text": "John Jeffreyson Sir John Jeffreyson ( 1635-1700 ) was an English-born judge whose entire judicial career was spent in Ireland ; he was unusual among Irish judges of the time in holding the rank of English Serjeant-at-law . He was considered an outstanding lawyer , and was noted for his staunchly Tory politics . He was born in Durham , son of John Jeffreyson , a mercer , and Margaret Walton . He went to school in Guisborough and matriculated from St John 's College , Cambridge in 1652 . He entered Gray 's Inn in 1651 and was called to the Bar in 1661 . He became Recorder of Durham in 1679 , bencher of Gray 's Inn in 1682 and Serjeant in 1683 . He was a staunch Tory in politics and a close friend of the noted loyalist Thomas Cartwight , Bishop of Chester , but after the Glorious Revolution , unlike Bishop Cartwright , he did not follow King James II into exile . He strongly supported the King 's policy of religious toleration , and was recommended for promotion to the High Court bench in 1688 as a reward for his good service to the Crown . His career was not permanently damaged by the Glorious Revolution . Perhaps surprisingly , given his record of loyalty to the previous regime , he was sent to Ireland as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas ( Ireland ) in 1690 : presumably his long experience and legal ability were thought to outweigh his Tory opinions . He joined the King 's Inn and was knighted in 1692 : he was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland in 1693 . His political views led to conflict at a time when the Irish Bench was riven with political differences : he was removed from the Privy Council in 1695 but restored to his place on it in 1697 . In the same year he acted as Commissioner of the Great Seal of Ireland . He died in 1700 and was buried in St. Peter 's Church , Aungier Street , Dublin ( which was demolished in 1983 . ) . He married Elizabeth Cole of Gateshead in 1664 ; they had one daughter , Margaret , who married Captain Walker . Margaret was a friend of the Irish-born author , Mary Davys , who dedicated her first novel , The Amours of Alcippus and Lucippe , later renamed The Lady 's Tale ( 1704 ) to Margaret . Mrs Davys in the dedication praises Margaret 's `` unexceptional temper '' , and refers to their old acquaintance in England , suggesting that their friendship was of long standing . . Elrington Ball described Jeffreyson as a fine lawyer , but a Tory above all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03c4c8939fec3f9bbfac6ad995c2ebd5", "text": "Gaelscoil A Gaelscoil ( -LSB- ˈɡˠeːl̪ˠsˠkɛlʲ -RSB- ; plural : Gaelscoileanna ) is an Irish-medium school in Ireland : the term refers especially to Irish-medium schools outside the Irish-speaking regions or Gaeltacht . Over 50,000 students attend Gaelscoileanna on the island of Ireland . A further over 13,000 students are receiving their primary and second level education through Irish in the Gaeltacht . Gaelscoileanna and Irish-medium schools in the Gaeltacht are supported and represented by Gaeloideachas and An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta & Gaelscolaíochta or COGG for short . Students in the Gaelscoileanna acquire the Irish language through language immersion , and study the standard curriculum through it . Gaelscoileanna , unlike English-medium schools , have the reputation of producing competent Irish speakers . English-medium schools , in contrast , produce relatively few fluent Irish speakers , despite the Irish language being an obligatory subject in the Republic of Ireland in both primary and secondary school . This has been attributed in part to the lack of Irish-language immersion programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f065ec70e9b3c7439aa7372285c4a43", "text": "30 Years A-Greying 30 Years A-Greying is a double album by The Dubliners , again produced by Eamonn Campbell . 30 Years A-Greying is similar to 25 Years Celebration in that it also features a number of special guests . The Pogues featured again , this time on a version of `` Whiskey In The Jar '' . Other special guests are Billy Connolly , De Dannan , Rory Gallagher and the Hothouse Flowers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eab136877a4e4caaa35a83ac4019ab41", "text": "Gregory O'Donoghue Gregory O'Donoghue ( 1951 -- 2005 ) was an Irish poet . Gregory O'Donoghue was born in Cork in 1951 , son of the poet and playwright Robert O'Donoghue . He studied English literature at University College Cork under Sean Lucy and John Montague and was part of what Thomas Dillon Redshaw has described as `` that remarkable generation '' which also included Theo Dorgan , Maurice Riordan , Gerry Murphy , Thomas McCarthy , Greg Delanty and Seán Dunne . After completing an MA he studied for a doctorate at Queen 's College Ontario , Canada where he later taught . O'Donoghue published his first book Kicking ( 1975 ) with the Gallery Press when he was 24 and became the youngest poet to be included in the Faber Book of Irish Verse . In 1980 he crossed the Atlantic to settle in Lincolnshire in the United Kingdom where he worked freight trains between South Derbyshire and King 's Cross , Nottingham and Skegness . His book Making Tracks ( Dedalus 2001 ) was largely influenced by this experience . In the early 1990s O'Donoghue returned to Cork . He published an interim collection The Permanent Way in 1996 with the local Three Spires Press and subsequently became workshop leader at the Munster Literature Centre and poetry editor of the journal Southword . In 2004 he was the recipient of an artist 's bursary from Cork City Council . In 2005 he published A Visit to the Clockmaker , translations of a selection of work by the Bulgarian poet Kristin Dimitrova . Seven months later he died unexpectedly . His final collection Ghost Dance ( Dedalus ) was published posthumously in 2006 . O'Donoghue is often seen as a poet of the Irish emigration experience . In New Hibernia Review Spring 2000 , Thomas Dillon Redshaw wrote : `` Gregory O'Donoghue ... made an early start with Kicking in 1975 , published after he became a wandering scholar and had emigrated to Canada . O'Donoghue recently returned to Cork after spending a decade in Lincolnshire working for the British rail system . And that distinctive émigré experience -- one shared by many Irish since the days of Carlyle -- lies at the heart of O'Donoghue 's finely crafted sequence `` Roads . '' Our readers will find in O'Donoghue 's lines not simply craft , but an intelligence that peers gracefully around the edges of `` Paddy-works '' themes and labour clichés . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aebf4c89aaefec33ffecdc273e9a2d17", "text": "Irish cream Irish cream is a cream liqueur based on Irish whiskey , cream , and other ingredients such as coffee , which can be served on its own , as an alcoholic substitute for milk/cream and sugar in a hot coffee ( sometimes with whipped cream added on top ) , or used in mixed drinks or as part of a shot or a whole shot . Irish cream 's largest markets are the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States . Irish cream typically has 15 to 20 % alcohol by volume ( ABV ) , with a proof level of 30 to 40 . The brands of Irish cream include Baileys , Cremór , Kerrygold , Carolans , Molly 's , Brogans , Saint Brendan 's and Coole Swan , .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6f8aaaf3a491cbacc85713bdace648", "text": "Grey Grey ( British English ) or gray ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is an intermediate color between black and white . It is a neutral or achromatic color , meaning literally that it is a color `` without color . '' This means that there are equal components of red , green , and blue . The variations in intensity of these colors uniformly produce different shades of grey . It is the color of a cloud-covered sky , of ash and of lead . The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the English language was in AD 700 . Grey is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English , although gray remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century . Gray has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825 , although grey is an accepted variant . In Europe and the United States , surveys show that grey is the color most commonly associated with neutrality , conformity , boredom , uncertainty , old age , indifference , and modesty . Only one percent of respondents chose it as their favorite color .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26bbd79155c2d0da4ceb1b3ade0a30fa", "text": "House of Grey The House of Grey is an ancient noble English family originating from Creully in Normandy . Its name , initially having been difficult to comprehend in the English language , was variously transliterated as Grey , Grai , Greye , Gray , etc. . In the Middle Ages , the Grey family was first ennobled as Barons Grey of Codnor , of Ruthyn and of Wilton ( later being elevated as viscounts , earls , marquesses and dukes ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcb7743a5aa6c92b3af8db8f1d1a14b", "text": "Lady Jennifer (film) Lady Jennifer is a 1915 British silent drama film directed by James Warry Vickers and starring Barbara Rutland and Harry Royston . The film was an adaptation of the novel of the same title by John Strange Winter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e75b757fe795c5531fcd6885ecafd42", "text": "Irish conjugation Irish verb forms are constructed either synthetically or analytically . Synthetic forms express the information about person and number in the ending : e.g. , molaim `` I praise '' , where the ending - aim stands for `` 1st person singular present '' . In this case , a pronoun is not allowed : -LSB- Asterisk #Generativist tradition in linguistics , * molaim mé -RSB- is ungrammatical . Molann mé is allowed but using the - aim ending is more common . Analytic forms are those whose endings contain no information about person and number , and a pronoun is necessary : e.g. , molann sibh `` you ( pl . ) praise '' , where the ending - ann expresses only the present tense , and the pronoun sibh `` you '' ( pl . ) must accompany it in order to express `` 2nd person plural '' . In addition to the three persons , Irish also has an impersonal form ( also called the `` autonomous '' form ) , which is used in forming passives and can conveniently be translated with `` one '' or `` someone '' as the subject . Shown below are the distribution of synthetic and analytic forms in the standard language ; in the dialects , other patterns may be found , although some of the most important distinctions made in certain dialects are pointed out in this article . See Irish orthography for a discussion of how verb endings are pronounced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e810b18b639466026dea3ac2b2b2b3b5", "text": "Lawrence Grey (producer) Lawrence Grey is a Canadian-American film and television producer . Grey launched his production company Grey Matter Productions in 2013 . Grey Matter 's first film , Lights Out , was released by Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema on July 22 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e0c5bf1dd90c6ba3c9ed54e44fd36e", "text": "Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California . She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long . Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival . `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' . `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' . `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' . `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' . `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bda3d15d84aa53a47d8f079523de233", "text": "Irish America (magazine) Irish America is a bi-monthly periodical that aims to cover topics relevant to the Irish in North America including a range of political , economic , social , and cultural themes . The magazine 's inaugural issue was published in October 1985 . Irish America focuses on political and business leaders , organizations , artists , writers and community figures among the Irish in America through its annual lists , awards , and events including the Wall Street 50 , Business 100 , and Stars of the South . Irish America primary goals are to emphasize the achievements of Irish Americans in each bi-monthly issue , such as former U.S. president Bill Clinton , former president of Coca-Cola and chairman of Allen & Company Donald R. Keough , comedian Kathy Griffin , and film actress Maureen O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7319044f715d7a7258f5a1c6a08cb8d5", "text": "Irish Americans Irish Americans ( Gael-Mheiriceánaigh ) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland , especially those who identify with that ancestry , along with their cultural characteristics . About 33.3 million Americans -- 10.5 % of the total population -- reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau . This compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland . Three million people separately identified as Scots-Irish , whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "daa90bbec04c538d81f4e7ee192be656", "text": "Ramzan Kadyrov Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov ( -LSB- Рамза́н Ахма́тович Кады́ров , p = rɐˈmzan ɐxˈmadəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈdɨrəf -RSB- , Къадар Ахьмат-кIант Рамзан , Q̇adar Aẋmat-khant Ramzan born 5 October 1976 ) is the Head of the Chechen Republic and a former member of the Chechen independence movement . He is the son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov , who was assassinated in May 2004 . In February 2007 , Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President , shortly after he had turned 30 , which is the minimum age for the post . He was engaged in violent power struggles with Chechen government warlords Sulim Yamadayev and Said-Magomed Kakiev for overall military authority , and with Alu Alkhanov for political authority . Ramzan Kadyrov is an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences . He founded the Akhmat Fight Club and established annual freestyle wrestling international tournament Ramzan Kadyrov & Adlan Varayev Cup . Since November 2015 he is a member of the Advisory Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation . In April 2017 , reports emerged that gay men in Chechnya were being arrested , detained in concentration camps , and tortured as part of a region-wide pogrom . Russian President Putin said on May 5 , that he would personally ask the Russian Prosecutor General and Interior Ministry to help Kremlin rights ombudswoman Tatyana Moskalkova check the reported abuse . It is reported that Kadyrov has promised to `` eliminate '' the gay population of deeply conservative , Muslim Chechnya before the Islamic holy month of Ramadan starts , at the end of May 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f824908d5b32ef38b839973c85878c6e", "text": "CIS at the Hopman Cup The Commonwealth of Independent States ( or CIS ) is a regional organisation formed of former Soviet states that competed at the Hopman Cup in 1992 . It reached the quarterfinal stage of the tournament . Since 1992 , four of the independent states which form the CIS have competed in the Hopman Cup individually . These are : Kazakhstan , Russia , Ukraine and Uzbekistan . Prior to 1992 , they all competed as the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9884429861ad85142cccef3f93c0b9d3", "text": "FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk is a Russian association football club based in Novorossiysk . It plays in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League . The club was founded in 1907 аnd refounded as Cement Novorossiysk in 1960 and was known by its name in 1960 -- 1969 and 1978 -- 1991 . In 1970 -- 1977 the clubs was called Trud Novorossiysk , in 1992 -- 1993 Gekris Novorossiysk , and in 2005 FC Novorossiysk . Chernomorets is Russian for `` a man from Black Sea '' . The club played in class B of the Soviet football in 1960 -- 1970 . After this they did not participate in Soviet championships until 1978 , when they entered the Second League . They played there until the dissolution of USSR , and in 1992 were entitled to enter the Russian First Division . They spent three years there . After a third place in 1992 they won their regional group in 1993 , but did not succeed in the promotion-relegation tournament . A victory in the First Division in 1994 brought them automatic promotion . Chernomorets stayed in the Top Division from 1995 to 2001 . Their best result was sixth position in 1997 and 2000 . The latter entitled them to a place in the UEFA Cup , where they were knocked out in the first round by Valencia . In 2002 Chernomorets won promotion straight back , but were relegated again in 2003 . After the 2004 season in the First Division , Chernomorets were denied a professional licence . The club was reorganized , renamed FC Novorossiysk and entered the Amateur Football League for the 2005 season . In the course of the season the team was renamed Chernomorets again . Chernomorets finished first in the South zone and went on to win the final tournament , becoming amateur champions of Russia . Chernomorets finished third in the South zone of Russian Second Division in the 2006 season . They finally finished first and were promoted to Russian First Division for the 2007 season . It stayed 2 seasons in First Division and relegated back to Second Division in 2009 . They were promoted to the First Division again after winning the Second Division zone in 2010 . It was relegated back from the First Division after one year on that level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c1adc53cf167136f75c42fd61318ec7", "text": "Extra-Liga Extra-Liga or Ukrainian Futsal Championship is the top men 's futsal league in Ukraine . It is organized by the Football Federation of Ukraine ( FFU ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a74ebc8862906a4b46fbab2dc44f61", "text": "Russian Railways Cup Russian Railways Cup was an annual pre-season football tournament , held in Moscow and hosted by FC Lokomotiv Moscow . The first edition of the tournament took place in 2007 . Dutch club PSV Eindhoven won the title after beating Real Madrid 2-1 in the final . PSV Eindhoven beat Italian giants AC Milan 4-3 on penalties after a goalless draw , in the first semi-final , while Real Madrid managed to come back from two goals down after the first half to beat the hosts Lokomotiv Moscow 5-2 . In the third place playoff , AC Milan scored twice in the last ten minutes to draw with Lokomotiv Moscow 3-3 . The Italians went on to claim the third place after beating the Russian club 5-4 on penalties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56c1c66a4b477500ae27d4c73146f36", "text": "2011 Ukrainian Amateur Cup", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6acaebe51066af31f43c492db591b483", "text": "Volleyball Federation of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Volleyball Federation of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( VFRK ) is the governing body for volleyball in Kazakhstan . It was founded in 1992 , and has been a member of FIVB . It is also a member of the Asian Volleyball Confederation . The VFRK is responsible for organizing the Kazakhstan men 's national volleyball team and Kazakhstan women 's national volleyball team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69df14717008458f2eee40108525ca92", "text": "Israel State Cup The State Cup ( גביע המדינה , Gvia HaMedina ) , is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football , run by the Israeli Football Association . The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People 's Cup . Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other , there is the possibility for `` minnows '' from the lower divisions to become `` giant-killers '' by eliminating top clubs from the tournament , although lower division teams rarely reach the final . The holders of the State Cup are the Israeli Premier League side Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona , who beat Maccabi Netanya in the 2014 final on 7 May 2014 . Maccabi Tel Aviv have 23 titles , having the record for most titles won . Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937 -- 1939 and 2010 -- 2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be7f20afc14afe53d38e6bfc1a79e91a", "text": "2001 Commonwealth of Independent States Cup The 2001 Commonwealth of Independent States Cup was the ninth edition of the competition between the champions of former republics of Soviet Union . It was won by Spartak Moscow for the sixth time overall and third in a row . For the third and final time the competition was played in a two-division format ( first introduced in 1999 ) . The next year the format was changed , mostly due to relegation of Ukraine from the top division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b77eb6f3858cfe10bcfec61aa43e67", "text": "Boxing in Armenia Boxing ( բռնցքամարտ břntsk ` amart , literally `` fist fight '' ) in Armenia is a popular sport , that existed in the Armenian Highland since ancient times . Amateur boxing schools in the country appeared in early 1900s , by the mid-1950s boxing became one of the traditional sports in Armenia . In 1956 Vladimir Yengibaryan won a gold medal at the Olympics for the Soviet team . In early 21st century professional and amateur boxing in Armenia reached another peak . Most notably Arthur Abraham and Vic Darchinyan won several professional world champion titles . Dozens of amateur boxer have been placed in the top 3 of the world and Europe in their weight categories . Vladimir Yengibarian was the first man who opened boxing schools in Armenia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e472d164bb7e4275d9e64e5979c803e", "text": "Sergei Sedyshev Sergei Viktorovich Sedyshev ( Серге́й Викторович Седышев born January 25 , 1963 ) is a Russian professional football coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c97f118bd56712378ce260c3eae9b0a8", "text": "Dallas Cup The Dr Pepper Dallas Cup , commonly known as the Dallas Cup , is an annual international football tournament for invited youth teams . The tournament was established in 1980 and is held in Dallas , Texas , with FC Dallas serving as its host club . Venues used for the tournament include the Cotton Bowl and Toyota Stadium . Gordon Jago , an unofficial ambassador for USA soccer , is considered the `` father '' of the Dallas Cup . The Cup has tournaments for age groups ranging from U-13 to U-19 . The FC Dallas U-18 academy team is the current champion of the U-19 Supergroup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b77219f21a7f5aea3d15b4dc2bd177", "text": "List of Soviet and Russian ice hockey champions The Russian Open Hockey Championship ( Открытый Чемпионат России по хоккею , Otkrytyy Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu ) , also known as the Championship of Russia in ice hockey ( Чемпионат России по хоккею с шайбой , Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu s shayboy ) , is an annual ice hockey award and national title , bestowed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia to the professional hockey organization judged to have the best performing team in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432deef24ea10f936c7f113375d1b924", "text": "Leonid Rumyantsev Leonid Rumyantsev ( 23 February 1916 -- 23 June 1985 ) was a Russian footballer . He played for Spartak Moscow between 1935 -- 1940 . He was Champion of the USSR in 1936 ( j ) , 1938 , 1939 , USSR Championship bronze medalist in 1936 , 1940 , and winner of the USSR Cup in 1938 , 1939 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c55bd6581d5e1f22718c897a1ac03d0", "text": "Uzbekistan Rugby Federation The Uzbekistan Rugby Federation ( O'zbekiston Regbi Federatsiyasi ) is the governing body for rugby union in Uzbekistan . The Rugby Federation of Uzbekistan was established in 2002 , becoming a full member of ARFU ( Asian Rugby Football Union ) and full member of World Rugby ( then called IRB ) . The Rugby 7 's National Championship of Uzbekistan is regularly held among men 's and women 's teams . From 2011 for the first time in 20 years a regular 15-a-side Rugby National Championship was started , for men 's teams , which involved six teams : Tashkent Lions Qanot Rugby club National University of Uzbekistan Aviator Yangiyer Shifokor ( Medical University ) In 2012 the men 's national team participated in an international rugby sevens tournament in Lahore ( Pakistan ) , among the strongest teams in Asia , as well as invited teams from Ireland and New Zealand . The team came third , losing only to New Zealand and Ireland . The women 's national team was a bronze medallist at Rugby-15 championship in 2008 With Rugby 7s announced as an Olympic discipline from 2016 , the URF is confidently focused on getting a licence to have a women 's team participate in the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro . The men 's team participates in the annual `` Asia Rugby Championship '' ( formerly the `` Asian Five Nations '' tournament ) . In 2015 , the team competes in Division III South-Central . In the 2013 Championship , four teams participated : West Tigers ( Westminster International University in Tashkent ) National University of Uzbekistan Aviator Yangiyer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37c5489489b5ac1071ae077679a0df31", "text": "2012 Kazakhstan Cup The 2012 Kazakhstan Cup is the 21st season of the Kazakhstan Cup , the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country . The competition begins on 16 May 2012 and will end with the final on 11 November 2012 . Ordabasy are the defending champions , having won their first cup in the 2011 competition . The winner of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6171db55071b9c3148bdb28f551b259d", "text": "CEV Cup The CEV Cup is the second top official competition for men 's Volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year . Until 2000 , it was the CEV Cup Winners ' Cup . In 2000 it was renamed to CEV Top Teams Cup and in 2007 it was renamed to CEV Cup . The former CEV Cup was renamed to CEV Challenge Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c484a8524f10c83f8391bd09932481", "text": "Harry Vardon Trophy The Harry Vardon Trophy is awarded by the European Tour . Since 2009 it has been awarded to the winner of the Race to Dubai . Before then it was awarded to the winner of the `` Order of Merit '' . From 1975 to 2008 the Order of Merit was based on prize money but before that date a points system was used . From 1937 until the formation of the European Tour in 1972 the award was presented by the British P.G.A. . The trophy is named for the Jersey golfing great Harry Vardon , who died in 1937 . The Race to Dubai is calculated in euro , although many of the events have prize funds which are fixed in other currencies , mainly pounds sterling or U.S. dollars . In these instances , the amounts are converted into euro at the exchange rate for the week that the tournament is played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aff53cc9581702362813a8938e80c50", "text": "1991 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Cup 1991 was the 26th and the last annual edition of the Ukrainian SSR football knockout competition , known as the Ukrainian Cup . The competition started on March 30 , 1991 , and its final took place on November 24 , 1991 . It was a second edition of the tournament since its revival in 1990 . The last year cup holder Polissia Zhytomyr was knocked out of the competition by Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih already in the second round . The cup winner Temp Shepetivka was allowed to qualify for the 1992 Vyshcha Liha ( Top League ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7de1d03694fcf0dd25533b639d7478d", "text": "1985 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1985 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 55th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR , which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 6 . The season started on 30 March 1985 . The 1985 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by SC Tavriya Simferopol . Qualified for the interzonal playoffs , the team from Crimean Oblast did not manage to gain promotion by placing second in its group . The `` Ruby Cup '' of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper ( for the most scored goals ) was received by SC Tavriya Simferopol .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "723e9482ca14535d76ac4cbde0c5a75e", "text": "Jared Kushner Jared Corey Kushner ( born January 10 , 1981 ) is an American real estate investor and developer , newspaper owner , and senior advisor to President Donald Trump . Kushner is the elder son of real-estate developer Charles Kushner and is married to Trump 's daughter Ivanka . He was principal owner of the real-estate holding and development company Kushner Companies and of Observer Media , publisher of the New York Observer . He is the co-founder and part owner of Cadre , an online real-estate investment platform . On January 9 , 2017 , Kushner was named as a senior White House advisor . He consequently resigned as CEO of Kushner Companies and as publisher of the Observer , but his private financial interests remain a subject of controversy . Kushner helped develop and run Trump 's digital media strategy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e915352e1c93f00a7e744fa9eaccc637", "text": "Shane Company Shane Company or Shane Co. is the largest privately owned jeweler in the United States . The company is a direct diamond , ruby , and sapphire importer that operates 20 retail stores across the United States and their website ShaneCo.com . The company was founded in 1971 , and is based in Centennial , Colorado . The company promotes their retail locations and website through radio commercials that prominently feature the company 's founder and CEO Tom Shane and the tagline `` Now you have a friend in the diamond business . '' `` Now you have a friend in the jewelry business . Shane Company , on ( cross street of local store ) . Open Monday through Friday til 8 , Saturday and Sunday til 5 , online at shaneco.com ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff6abfea78e8e1af2cf76c1db69dc39", "text": "Boll & Branch Boll & Branch is a privately held , U.S. based , e-commerce company that sells luxury bedding online . Headquartered in Summit , New Jersey , the Company manufactures and sells organic cotton bed linens , blankets and bath towels and are the first maker of such goods to be certified by Fair Trade USA . Boll & Branch launched in January 2014 by husband-and-wife , former third grade teacher , Missy Tannen and former Wrigley and Kraft Foods exec , Scott Tannen , who have self-funded the venture . Most of the Company 's products are manufactured in Kolkata , India with the cotton being grown by CHETNA Organic in Orissa , India . In its third year in business , the Company estimates 2016 revenues to be $ 40MM . The company also reports to be profitable . The Company 's marketing campaigns promote that `` 3 US Presidents sleep on Boll & Branch sheets , '' which includes Presidents George H.W. Bush , William Jefferson Clinton and George W. Bush .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "127620115336d4516552e80c7708f1b1", "text": "Business valuation Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner 's interest in a business . Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to affect a sale of a business . In addition to estimating the selling price of a business , the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation , divorce litigation , allocate business purchase price among business assets , establish a formula for estimating the value of partners ' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements , and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock , divorce litigation and estate contest . In some cases , the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64f8ca22e466891299e3771af8f6f99e", "text": "Capital Group Companies Capital Group is an American financial services company , it ranks among the world 's oldest and largest investment management organizations , with $ 1.39 trillion in assets under management . Founded in Los Angeles , California in 1931 , it is privately held and has offices around the globe in the Americas , Asia , Australia and Europe . Capital offers a range of products , including more than 40 mutual funds through its subsidiary , American Funds , as well as separately managed accounts ( or collective investment trusts ) , private equity , investment services for high net worth investors in the U.S. , and a range of other offerings for institutional clients and individual investors globally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "832f34fd0557e68a8ee2626226ee5a91", "text": "Partners for a New Beginning In his `` A New Beginning '' speech on June 4 , 2009 , at Cairo University in Cairo , Egypt , President of the United States Barack Obama stated that `` I 've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world , one based on mutual interest and mutual respect , and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive and need not be in competition . Instead , they overlap , and share common principles -- principles of justice and progress ; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings . '' During the speech , he also committed to `` host a Summit on Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we can deepen ties between business leaders , foundations and social entrepreneurs in the United States and Muslim communities around the world '' . To support the President 's `` New Beginning '' goals , United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton launched Partners for a New Beginning along with former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright , Walter Isaacson ( President of The Aspen Institute ) , and Muhtar Kent ( Chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company ) on April 27 , 2010 . Leading the initiative on the State Department side is Kris Balderston , Special Representative for Global Partnerships . In addition to its presence in the United States , PNB has established 11 local chapters across the Middle East and North Africa and , along with its partners , has launched , expanded or pledged support for more than 70 projects since the partnership 's inception in September 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9128a241dba566d4c5b04faa9b8ef8", "text": "Kuczmarski & Associates Kuczmarski & Associates is a Chicago based management consulting firm founded in 1983 , specializing in innovation . The company focuses on creating innovation strategies , implementing innovation processes , and developing portfolios of new products and services for its clients . In 2002 , along with the Chicago Sun-Times , K&A started the Chicago innovation awards which honor the most innovative companies in Chicago area . Tom Kuczmarski , president , is adjunct professor of marketing at The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edeb324059c829061b7005e0ca50486f", "text": "Business (disambiguation) A business is an organization involved in the trade of goods , services , or both , with consumers . Business may also refer to : the business sector -- the combined activity of all company-based trading and industrial activity in an economy trade , the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money an individual industry -- such as `` the meat business '' or `` the oil business '' Business ( EP ) , an EP by Jet Lag Gemini Business ( newspaper ) , a weekly business newspaper in Ukraine `` Business '' ( song ) , a single by Eminem business class on airlines business route , a type of highway in North America a group of ferrets", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3e7167499ef7279559711782a01f843", "text": "Karl Eller Karl Eller ( born 1928 , Chicago , Illinois ) is an American businessman and entrepreneur . Eller grew up in Tucson , Arizona . He played football collegiately at the University of Arizona where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity . In 1962 , Eller purchased the Arizona operations of New York-based billboard advertising company Foster and Kleiser and built it into a major regional business . As a result of the influence garnered by his leadership of this firm , Eller became one of the founding investors of the NBA 's Phoenix Suns in 1968 , and it was Eller 's ownership group that hired future Suns owner Jerry Colangelo as its inaugural general manager . Eller merged the outdoor advertising business with KTAR radio and television in 1968 to form Combined Communications , Inc. , which was absorbed by Gannett in 1979 . At its height , Combined Communications owned 7 major metropolitan television stations , 14 major metropolitan radio stations , 12 American and 2 Canadian outdoor advertising companies and two metropolitan daily newspapers . Eller would later go on to become the head of Columbia Pictures , during which he helped with that studio 's 1983 merger with The Coca-Cola Company , and of the convenience store chain Circle K , which was based in Phoenix during Eller 's tenure as CEO ( 1983 -- 1990 ) . During that time , Eller built Circle K into the second largest convenience store operation and the largest publicly owned convenience store chain in the U.S. with 4,641 stores in 32 states and an additional 1,386 licensed or joint venture stores in thirteen foreign countries . Under his leadership , the company grew from annual sales of $ 747,000,000 to $ 3,400,000,000 . Circle K then declared bankruptcy and Eller resigned in 1990 . Eller was inducted into the Advertising Hall of Fame by the American Advertising Federation in March 2004 in New York City . Eller is also the first Arizonan and second outdoor advertising executive to be elected to the Advertising Hall of Fame . Karl Eller is the namesake of the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona , where he is also an alumnus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11f5d5119161efdeaa68ef0140983a53", "text": "Fenway Sports Group Fenway Sports Group , LLC ( FSG ) , is an American sports investment company . It is the parent company of Major League Baseball 's Boston Red Sox and Premier League soccer club Liverpool F.C. FSG was founded in 2001 as New England Sports Ventures ( NESV ) when John W. Henry joined forces with Tom Werner , Les Otten , The New York Times Company , and other investors to successfully bid for the Red Sox . NESV formally announced its name change to Fenway Sports Group in March 2011 . In addition to owning the Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. , the Boston-based limited liability company also owns the home stadiums for both teams ( Fenway Park and Anfield ) and Fenway Sports Management ( which in turn owns the Salem Red Sox of the Class A Carolina League , a minor league baseball franchise ) , plus 80 % of the New England Sports Network ( NESN ) and 50 % of Roush Fenway Racing , with cars entered ( current as of 2015 season ) in the NASCAR Sprint Cup , NASCAR Xfinity and IMSA Sports Car racing competitions . In an April 2014 article in Forbes , senior editor Kurt Badenhausen called FSG `` the most sophisticated , synergistic player in the coming age of international sports conglomerates '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19177d016aadcf9b982f874131923ee2", "text": "Boris Jordan Boris Jordan ( Борис Алексеевич Йордан , born June 2 , 1966 ) is an American businessman of Russian origin . He speaks both English and Russian fluently . An American of Russian ancestry , Boris Jordan assisted Russia 's economic transition to capitalism in the early 1990s , assisting in the launch of the Russian stock market and the privatization of state assets . Later appointed chief executive of Russia 's Gazprom Media as well as general director of its NTV television network , Jordan was forced to resign in early 2003 under political pressure . In 2001-2003 he was the CEO of the Russian TV channel NTV and also the CEO of Gazprom Media , a subsidiary media holding of Gazprom ( now of Gazprombank ) that owned NTV , TNT , NTV Plus , five popular radio stations ( including Echo of Moscow ) , numerous widely circulated news and entertainment publications , and two premier movie theaters in Moscow and St. Petersburg . From 1992 to 1995 , Boris Jordan was Managing Director of the Moscow office of CS First Boston . During his tenure , CS First Boston became a leading investment bank in Russia , engaged in privatization , corporate finance and securities trading . Boris Jordan was one of the founders of Renaissance Capital investment group ( founded in 1995 ) along with New Zealander Stephen Jennings . He is also the President and CEO of the Sputnik Group Ltd. , which he launched in 1998 . The Sputnik Group is a diversified holding company , which used to manage the Sputnik Funds , the largest foreign private-equity funds invested in Russia . Currently , The Sputnik Group owns proprietary investments in the Russian insurance ( Renaissance Insurance ) , forestry , telecommunications and media sectors -- as well as a number of investments in foreign companies . Since 2007 Mr. Jordan is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of The Board Of Trustees of New York University . At New York University Mr Jordan founded The Jordan Center for the Advance Center of Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f5f287fad74e542da5fe0b8ac7da4b6", "text": "American Bankers Association The American Bankers Association ( ABA ) is a Washington , D.C.-based trade association for the U.S. banking industry . Founded in 1875 , ABA today represents banks of all sizes and charters , including community banks , regional and money center banks , savings associations , mutual savings banks , and trust companies , with the average member bank having approximately $ 250 million in assets . Like many large trade associations , ABA 's principal activities include lobbying , professional development for member institutions , maintenance of best practices and industry standards ( for example , routing transit numbers ) , consumer education , and distribution of products and services . ABA is considered the largest financial trade group in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c95c1fd944c71b20c0501f545c2ce2d", "text": "Boatnerd The boatnerd corporation , a registered not for profit corporation , circulates information about vessels that ply the North American Great Lakes . When Acheson Ventures provided space for a headquarters for the organization in their Maritime Center overlooking the St Clair River , they called boatnerd `` the most widely-used website for Great Lakes maritime information . '' Reporters consider the boatnerd site reliable enough that they cite or quote it by name in their articles . The organization was profiled by the Globe and Mail in 2008 . The organization holds annual festivals , at sites of interest to those interested in maritime commerce on the Great Lakes . The Globe profiled boatnerd when the 2008 festival was held in a shipyard in Port Colborne , Ontario , where the Calumet , an 80-year-old lake freighter was being scrapped . According to the Globe and Mail the site gets over 20 million page views a month . According to the Globe and Mail the site 's volunteers often report breaking news prior to its announcement by official authorities . The Globe quoted a volunteer who described how , while professional mariners kidded the volunteers , they obviously monitored it , because they could count on regular mariners promptly informing them when they had made a mistake . The organization is large enough to maintain an office in Port Huron , Michigan , overlooking the confluence of the St Clair and Black Rivers . The site went online in 2003 , and became a registered not for profit corporation in 2006 , under the name Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping Online . Travel writer Bob Boughner , reporting in the Chatham Daily News , in December 2014 , that `` The average person , like myself , would have no idea where the ships were headed or what they were carrying if it was n't for a relatively new organization headquartered in Port Huron , Mich. , known as BoatNerd.com . '' The organization provides unusual prizes through fund-raising raffles . Various lake freighters were built with an `` owner 's suite '' . These suites are rarely used today , but the organization has been able to convince shipping companies to make cruises on board a working lake freighter , in the owner 's suite , available to donors . 76 donors have won Great Lake freighter cruises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d758e113d9d8d802856623f6a04e7", "text": "Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies . Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed . Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues : an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ; a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ; a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution . Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91fee459c3d43e6c931858f113d749a7", "text": "American Fur Company The American Fur Company ( AFC ) was founded in 1808 , by John Jacob Astor , a German immigrant to the United States . During the 18th century , furs had become a major commodity in Europe , and North America became a major supplier . Several British companies , most notably the North West Company and the Hudson 's Bay Company , were eventual competitors against Astor and capitalized on the lucrative trade in furs . Astor capitalized on anti-British sentiments and his commercial strategies to become one of the first trusts in American business and a major competitor to the British commercial dominance in North American fur trade . Expanding into many former British fur-trapping regions and trade routes , the company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830 , and became one of the largest and wealthiest businesses in the country . Astor planned for several companies planned to function across the Great Lakes , the Great Plains and the Oregon Country to gain control of the North American fur trade . Comparatively inexpensive manufactured goods were to be shipped to commercial stations for trade with various Indigenous nations for fur pelts . The sizable number of furs collected would then be brought to the port of Guangzhou , as pelts were in high demand in the Qing Empire . Chinese products would in turn be purchased for resale throughout Europe and the United States . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities or Astor favored . Demand for furs in Europe began to decline during the early 19th century , leading to the stagnation of the fur trade by the mid-19th century . Astor left his company in 1830 , the company declared bankruptcy in 1842 , and the American Fur Company ultimately ceased trading in 1847 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2bbc73ca865601e35938e190b2a28f", "text": "Kaplan, Inc. Kaplan , Inc. is a for-profit corporation headquartered in Fort Lauderdale , Florida and founded in 1938 by Stanley Kaplan . Kaplan provides higher education programs , professional training courses , test preparation materials and other services for various levels of education . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company , formerly known as The Washington Post Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "377e7d6b49d1bb23ca483cc47e1f8964", "text": "Division (business) A division of a business , sometimes called a business sector , is one of the parts into which a business , organization or company is divided . The divisions are distinct parts of that business . If these divisions are all part of the same company , then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions . However , in a large organization , various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries , and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries . Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy . Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or `` doing business as '' certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name . Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries . Generally , only an `` entity '' , e.g. a corporation , public limited company ( plc ) or limited liability company , etc. would have a `` division '' ; an individual operating in this manner would simply be `` operating under a fictitious name '' . An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard ( HP ) , the computer and printer company . HP has several divisions , with the printer division , that makes laser and inkjet printers , being the largest and most profitable division . The divisions of HP , like the Printing & Multifunction division , the Handheld Devices ( includes the old calculator ) division , the Servers division ( mini and mainframe computers ) , etc. , all use the HP brand name . But , Compaq ( a part of HP since 2002 ) , operates as a subsidiary , using the Compaq brand name . Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately , but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo . Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name . Within Mack , there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America . Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google , and is part of the same corporate entity . But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube , LLC , a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ba68febabc608228c6d06f3847a8b01", "text": "Olympus Partners Olympus Partners is a private equity firm founded in 1988 to make equity investments in middle market leveraged buyouts and minority ownership financings . Although the firm invests in a wide array of industries , over time it has developed deep knowledge and experience in the following sectors : Business services , Logistics and transportation services , Healthcare manufacturing and services , Financial services , Consumer and restaurants , Software and IT services . The firm is headquartered in Stamford , Connecticut with approximately 20 employees . Among the firm 's most notable current and prior investments are Tank Holding Corp. , Centerplate , Churchill Financial , National Pizza Corporation , Phoenix Services , The Waddington Group , Ann 's House of Nuts , Ariel Re , Entrust , K-MAC Enterprises , Nebraska Book Company , New Vision Television , Symmetry Medical , Tempest Re , and TravelCenters of America . Since its inception , Olympus has made investments in over 60 companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ba8848ef57c0ce9165d43b20d3771", "text": "Joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders . Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion , evidenced by their shares ( certificates of ownership ) . That allows for the unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning more of a company than others . Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company . In modern-day corporate law , the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation ( possession of legal personality separate from shareholders ) and limited liability ( shareholders are liable for the company 's debts only to the value of the money they invested in the company ) . Therefore , joint-stock companies are commonly known as corporations or limited companies . Some jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability . In the United Kingdom and other countries that have adopted its model of company law , they are known as unlimited companies . In the United States , they are known simply as joint-stock companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31516275407c25bc1cc3a710a6c3145b", "text": "KPC Media Group KPC Media Group Inc. is an American privately owned printer and publisher of daily and weekly newspapers , based in Kendallville , Indiana . It was founded in 1911 as Kendallville Publishing Company Inc. by the owners of two competing newspapers in Kendallville , when they merged into The News Sun . Starting in the 1970s , the company extended its reach to other northeastern Indiana locations , and now owns two other daily newspapers and several weeklies and monthlies in the area .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a32345d34fc82b8e6e056587ede4b548", "text": "Logan Lerman Logan Wade Lerman ( born January 19 , 1992 ) is an American actor , known for playing the title role in the fantasy-adventure Percy Jackson films . He appeared in commercials in the mid-1990s , before starring in the series Jack & Bobby ( 2004 -- 2005 ) and the movies The Butterfly Effect ( 2004 ) and Hoot ( 2006 ) . Lerman gained further recognition for his roles in the western 3:10 to Yuma , the thriller The Number 23 , the comedy Meet Bill , and 2009 's Gamer and My One and Only . He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011 's The Three Musketeers , starred in the coming-of-age dramas The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( 2012 ) , Indignation ( 2016 ) and Sidney Hall ( 2017 ) , and had major roles in the 2014 films Noah and Fury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3bfbc8f19700d75022fb3e3933fd8e3", "text": "Indignation (film) Indignation is a 2016 American drama film written , produced , and directed by James Schamus , making his feature directorial debut , and based on Philip Roth 's 2008 novel of the same name . The film is set mostly in Ohio , in the early 1950s , and stars Logan Lerman , Sarah Gadon , Tracy Letts , Linda Emond , Danny Burstein , Ben Rosenfield , Pico Alexander , Philip Ettinger , and Noah Robbins . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2016 , and was theatrically released on July 29 , 2016 , by Roadside Attractions and Summit Entertainment . Lerman 's performance received positive reviews among critics and earned him a nomination on Seattle Film Critics Awards for Best Actor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2c69bd1b370f8b6f7b029701f3974464", "text": "Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "802bb30a98a59d8c1f83b541ddcfbe6f", "text": "Erased (2012 film) Erased ( released as The Expatriate outside of the US ) is a 2012 Canadian-Belgian thriller film directed by Philipp Stölzl , starring Aaron Eckhart and Olga Kurylenko . The story centers on Ben Logan ( Aaron Eckhart ) an ex-CIA agent and Amy ( Liana Liberato ) , his estranged daughter who are forced on the run when his employers erase all records of his existence , and mark them both for termination as part of a wide-reaching international conspiracy . It was released in the US on 17 May 2013 , following its acquisition by RaDiUS-TWC , the multiplatform distribution label of The Weinstein Company . It was retitled Erased for the US market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea4c519aa43f008e736c4f28ac973900", "text": "Big Little Lies (miniseries) Big Little Lies is an American black comedy-drama HBO miniseries created and written by David E. Kelley , based on the novel of the same name by Liane Moriarty . The series began filming in January 2016 . The miniseries consists of seven episodes , all directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . It premiered on February 19 , 2017 and concluded on April 2 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8052bb705e27b25d7f8fa7a4f426b0", "text": "The Neon Demon The Neon Demon is a 2016 psychological horror film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn , co-written by Mary Laws , Polly Stenham , and Refn , and starring Elle Fanning . The plot follows an aspiring model in Los Angeles whose beauty and youth generate intense fascination and jealousy within the industry . Supporting roles are played by Karl Glusman , Jena Malone , Bella Heathcote , Abbey Lee , Desmond Harrington , Christina Hendricks , and Keanu Reeves . An international co-production between France , Denmark , and the United States , the film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , the third consecutive film directed by Refn to do so , following Drive ( 2011 ) and Only God Forgives ( 2013 ) . In the United States , the film was released theatrically on 24 June 2016 by Amazon Studios and Broad Green Pictures . It opened to polarized reviews and was a box office failure , grossing a little over $ 3 million from a $ 7 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d225a5c7c47d00e3647177af76ba0e1", "text": "The Woodsman (2016 film) The Woodsman is a 2016 suspense film directed and written by Paul Leach as his directorial debut , based on Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault . The movie stars Christopher Wolfe as a police detective Alex Whiting who must save Millie Gilson played by Sonya Krueger from a mysterious cult order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ed4a493107a03ea70e4b73194681ceb", "text": "Poor Boy (film) Poor Boy is a 2016 American Western drama film directed by Robert Scott Wildes and written by Logan Antill . The film stars Lou Taylor Pucci and Dov Tiefenbach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c40ab915d4e7b13d0209a49f565794", "text": "Jonathan (2016 film) Jonathan is a 2016 German drama film directed by Piotr J. Lewandowski . It was screened in the Panorama section at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf87cce54f5778d336352a0580eb924", "text": "Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba768284051e23f41ec46e4c1fc4978d", "text": "Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef263104a2da7fbc3345634fa4ead7b7", "text": "Sins of our Youth Sins of our Youth is a thriller/drama released in 2016 starring Lucas Till , Joel Courtney , and Mitchel Musso . `` Sins of Our Youth '' is a cautionary tale that highlights a new generation in the United States that is desensitized by an oversaturation of violence in the mainstream media and who have ready access to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae087c1d8ab1c3a22fbaff2e1c287757", "text": "Mammal (film) Mammal is a 2016 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Rebecca Daly . It was shown in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition section at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aedd576583772437ba03cad319aec8e9", "text": "The American Side The American Side is a 2016 film starring Greg Stuhr and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9b98089eab38c4e0adf9b4551eaf2e", "text": "The Fury (2016 film) The Fury ( De Helleveeg ) is a 2016 Dutch drama film directed by André van Duren . It was based on the book of the same name by A.F. Th . van der Heijden . It was listed as one of eleven films that could be selected as the Dutch submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "078780e0b47d691b5bb8282adf4c74f4", "text": "The Clapper (film) The Clapper is an American comedy film written and directed by Dito Montiel , based upon the novel of the same name by Milton Rokeach . It stars Ed Helms , Amanda Seyfried , Brenda Vaccaro , Leah Remini , Adam Levine , James Ransone , Russell Peters and Tracy Morgan . It premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival . The film marks the final film role of Alan Thicke , who died December 13 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5102a1f1069333825cd90b594ac17c", "text": "King Cobra (2016 film) King Cobra is a 2016 American biographical crime-drama film about the life and early career of Brent Corrigan . It was directed by Justin Kelly and was based on the book Cobra Killer : Gay Porn , Murder , and the Manhunt to Bring the Killers to Justice by Andrew E. Stoner and Peter A. Conway . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 , by IFC Midnight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c444a63cbbf83e3901fdbd010544ad3", "text": "Brandon Larracuente Brandon Larracuente ( born November 16 , 1994 ) is an actor known for his roles in the Bloodline and 13 Reasons Why .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b99930ccf961729e9fff15a3de453e40", "text": "The Remains (film) The Remains is a 2016 American horror film written and directed by Thomas Della Bella and starring Todd Lowe as a widower and father named John . In The Remains , John moves his family after his wife passes , but the items that had been left in the house turn out to be haunted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680fe540bec39182a0f0eaba1f7b0dfa", "text": "Sleight Sleight is a 2016 American drama film about a street magician in Los Angeles . The film is directed by J.D. Dillard , written by Dillard and Alex Theurer and stars Jacob Latimore , Seychelle Gabriel , Dulé Hill , Storm Reid , Sasheer Zamata and Michael Villar . The film was released on April 28 , 2017 , by WWE Studios and BH Tilt . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed $ 3 million worldwide , against its $ 250,000 budget .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "86beae9870d3c410bc64c90648a61753", "text": "Subhas Chandra Bose Subhas Chandra Bose ( 23 January 1897 -- 18 August 1945 ) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India , but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy . The honorific Netaji ( Hindustani : `` Respected Leader '' ) , first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin , was later used throughout India . Bose had been a leader of the younger , radical , wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s , rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939 . However , he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command . He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940 . Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities . In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly . A 3,000-strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India . By spring 1942 , in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities , a German invasion of India became untenable , and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia . Adolf Hitler , during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 , suggested the same , and offered to arrange for a submarine . During this time Bose also became a father ; his wife , or companion , Emilie Schenkl , whom he had met in 1934 , gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942 . Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 . In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943 . With Japanese support , Bose revamped the Indian National Army ( INA ) , then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore . To these , after Bose 's arrival , were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore . The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions , such as those in Burma , the Philippines and Manchukuo . Before long the Provisional Government of Free India , presided by Bose , was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bose had great drive and charisma -- creating popular Indian slogans , such as `` Jai Hind , '' -- and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region , ethnicity , religion , and even gender . However , Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled , and his military effort was short-lived . In late 1944 and early 1945 the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India . Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed . The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula , and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore . Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese , but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British . He died from third degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan . Some Indians , however , did not believe that the crash had occurred , with many among them , especially in Bengal , believing that Bose would return to gain India 's independence . Indian National Congress , the main instrument of Indian nationalism , praised Bose 's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology , especially his collaboration with Fascism . The British Raj , though never seriously threatened by the INA , charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials , but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5e7180920f616be41a3ede211d8692e8", "text": "International recognition of Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War ( মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho ) was a revolutionary independence war in South Asia during 1971 which established the republic of Bangladesh . The war pitted East Pakistan against West Pakistan , and lasted over a duration of nine months . It witnessed large-scale atrocities , the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people . The war broke out on 26 March 1971 , when the Pakistani Army launched a military operation called Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia and armed personnel , who were demanding that the Pakistani military junta accept the results of the 1970 first democratic elections of Pakistan , which were won by an eastern party , or to allow separation between East and West Pakistan . Bengali politicians and army officers announced the declaration of Bangladesh 's independence in response to Operation Searchlight . Bengali military , paramilitary and civilians formed the Mukti Bahini ( মুক্তি বাহিনী `` Liberation Army '' ) , which engaged in guerrilla warfare against Pakistani forces . The Pakistan Army , in collusion with religious extremist militias ( the Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams ) , engaged in the systematic genocide and atrocities of Bengali civilians , particularly nationalists , intellectuals , youth and religious minorities . Bangladesh government-in-exile was set up in the city of Calcutta ( now Kolkata ) in the Indian State of West Bengal . India entered the war on 3 December 1971 , after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India . Overwhelmed by two war fronts , Pakistani defences soon collapsed . On 16 December , the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east . The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b418dd5d926642a27cab6ce8a61b029a", "text": "Narayan Sen Narayan Sen ( 1912 -- 1956 ) was a Bengali revolutionary in the Indian independence movement . He was born in British India , present-day Bangladesh . His father 's name was Sureshchandra Sen.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f59ba11e3c936efa665d5225ccdf7648", "text": "National Book Trust National Book Trust ( NBT ) is an Indian publishing house , founded in 1957 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education of the Government of India . NBT now functions under aegis of Ministry of Human Resource Development , Govt . of India India 's first Prime Minister Pt . Jawaharlal Nehru envisioned that NBT would be a bureaucracy-free structure that would publish low-cost books . They publish a monthly Newsletter about recent publications . The activities of the Trust include publishing , promotion of books and reading , promotion of Indian books abroad , assistance to authors and publishers , and promotion of children 's literature . NBT publishes reading material in several Indian languages for all age-groups , including books for children and neo-literates . NBT 's children 's books are known for their illustrations , by illustrators such as Pulak Biswas , Jagdish Joshi , Mrinal Mitra , Subir Roy , Atanu Roy , Manjula Padmanabhan , Mickey Patel and Suddhasattwa Basu . Painters Jatin Das and Krishen Khanna have also illustrated books for the Trust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23f7608eafb08612e19d417ef57a9f71", "text": "All India Forward Bloc The All India Forward Bloc ( AIFB ) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India . It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939 , led by Subhas Chandra Bose . The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India . It has its main stronghold in West Bengal . The party 's current Secretary-General is Debabrata Biswas . Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose ( brother of Subhas Chandra Bose ) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb15af789da1a479be579be27a36c66", "text": "Teen Murti Bhavan The Teen Murti Bhavan ( Teen Murti House ) is the former residence of the first Prime Minister of India , Jawaharlal Nehru in Delhi , India , who stayed here for 16 years until his death on May 27 , 1964 . It was designed by Robert Tor Russell , the British architect of Connaught Place and of the Eastern and Western Courts on Janpath during the British Raj . Teen Murti Bhavan was built in 1930 as part of the new imperial capital of India , New Delhi as the residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army . Today , Teen Murti houses various institutions including the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library ( NMML ) , which runs under the Indian Ministry of Culture , and has Dr. Karan Singh as the chairman of its Executive Council . The complex also houses the offices of the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund ' , established in 1964 under the Chairmanship of Dr S. Radhakrishnan , then President of India . Teen Murti Bhavan also contains a number of mementos from various nations including England , Nepal , Somalia , China , etc. . Each memento represents a notable resource of each nation . The foundation also awards the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fellowship ' , established in 1968 . Also contained within the complex are the ` Centre for Contemporary Studies ' and the Nehru Planetarium which opened in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763732c7463234a9c296bba314ecf8e4", "text": "Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected . The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression . The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "284f7e06ae4c9d00781908c91267689b", "text": "Subimal Mishra Subimal Misra ( born 1943 ) is a Bengali novelist , short story writer and essayist . He is known as a maverick and audacious experimentalist in contemporary Bengali literature . He was nominated for Nobel prize for couple of times . From Gabriel Garcia Marquez to Salman Rushdie , many of contemporary writers are Misra 's fans and inspired by Misra 's writings . Misra is recognized as the most important writer in Bengali after Rabindranath Tagore in the field of little magazine . Nelson Mandela once told , he wanted to learn Bengali to read Misra . Subimal Misra started his literary career at the end of 1967 . From then on , he is writing only in Bengali Little Magazines and has never penned a single word for any commercial magazine . Strong critique of the complacent and decadent bourgeoisie , his writings are starkly political . His use of calligraphy , space and visually expressive letterings gives a new dimension to his writings . Heavily influenced by Jean-Luc Godard , Subimal Misra uses various cinematic techniques , like montage , jump-cut etc. , in his literary works . And Godard mentioned him as ` Godard of literature ' . Subimal Misra currently lives in Shampa Mirza Nagar , Kolkata . Though he is suffering from serious heart disease , he still writes regularly and keeps himself up-to-date with recent developments in the world literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a4ba424c62417792fcff236d6c1c27f", "text": "Ashish Bose Ashish Bose ( 12 July 1930 -- 7 April 2014 ) was a prominent Indian demographer and economic analyst . He was Honorary ( Emeritus ) Professor at the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi , where he headed the Population Research Centre for several years . He is credited with coining the term BIMARU for Bihar , MP , Rajasthan and UP collectively . Through his long academic career , he lectured extensively on demography across the world , and taught at New Delhi 's Jawaharlal Nehru University , the National Academy of Administration , Mussoorie and the National Defence College , New Delhi . A member of several government commissions on population and development issues , Prof Bose was a keen participant in international conferences on these issues in India and abroad . He was advisor on demographic and census issues to various Indian prime ministers starting with Rajiv Gandhi . The author and editor of 25 books , he was a regular contributor to the Economic and Political Weekly , Health for the Millions and Power Politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9445ee96ef35a4ff865734427377bf", "text": "History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom . Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the 17th century , mostly as lascar seamen working on ships . Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971 , a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s , leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community . Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws , natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone , the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan , and the desire to escape poverty , and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.Murshid , Ghulam . 2008 . The call of the sea : History of Bangali in Britain -LSB- in Bengali : Kalapanir hatchani : Bilete Bangaleer itihash -RSB- ( Dhaka , Abosar ) . During the 1970s and 1980s , they experienced institutionalised racism and racial attacks by organised ultra-right fascist groups such as National Front and British Nationalist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a13a167f26fa48ad4e415f16a19a225", "text": "Ghadar Party The Ghadar Party was an organisation founded by Punjabi-Sikhs , principally Sikhs in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India 's independence from British rule . Key members included , Sohan Singh Bhakna , Kartar Singh Sarabha , Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah and Rashbehari Bose . Projection of Lal Hardyal as ` brain ' behind , the Ghadar movement has been disputed by reputed historian Ajmer Singh as ` an implicit attempt to reject and subsume the Sikh identity of the Ghadar leaders into pan-Indian identity ' . He quotes Baba Bhakna as saying in his autobiography that ` Lala Hardyal was most intelligent person but had no consistency and perseverance of a fighter ... ... ... . . and he was hired only to edit the Ghadar newspaper where he worked only for six months ... ... . . and then left for Germany thereafter not to come back to US again ' . During stay in Germany , Lala Hardyal lost his earlier anti-British fervor , rather , began singing paeans of the British and later wrote a book in their praise which was freely distributed in India by the British administration . After the outbreak of World War I , Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement . In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings . Their presence challenged the hold of the British Empire ; police surveillance in Punjabi villages increased in an attempt to crush the rebellion . The party is known for setting the foundation for future Indian revolutionary movements and served as a stepping stone for independence . Though predominantly Sikh , the party included members and leaders of many religions , demonstrating an accepting and democratic attitude towards all people as they united in their patriotism . After the conclusion of the war , the party in America split into Communist and Anti-Communist factions . The party was formally dissolved in 1948 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfcae939d9ef44a09feeee3e5d5bfe66", "text": "Poona Pact The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India . History of the Poona Pact The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 . The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8997874683a44ff3c78ca06e4a2085c0", "text": "Ashutosh Mukherjee Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee , CSI originally spelt as Sir Asutosh Mookerjee ( 29 June 1864 -- 25 May 1924 ) was a prolific Bengali educator and the second Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta for four consecutive two-year terms ( 1906 -- 1914 ) and a fifth two-year term ( 1921 -- 23 ) . Perhaps the most emphatic figure of Indian education , he was a man of great personality , high self-respect , courage and towering administrative ability . He became the first student to be awarded a dual degree ( MA in Mathematics and Physics ) from Calcutta University and received the prestigious Premchand-Roychand scholarship . Mukherjee was responsible for the foundation of the Bengal Technical Institute in 1906 and the College of Science of the Calcutta University in 1914 and also played a vital role in the founding of the University College of Law . The Calcutta Mathematical Society was also founded by Mukherjee in 1908 and he served as the president of the Society from 1908 to 1923 . He was also the president of the inaugural session of the Indian Science Congress in 1914 . The Ashutosh College was also founded under his stewardship in 1916 , when he was Vice-chancellor of University of Calcutta . Ashutosh Mukherjee was knighted in 1911 for his contributions to education in India . He was often called `` Banglar Bagh '' meaning the `` Tiger of Bengal '' for his high self-esteem , courage , academic integrity and a general intransigent attitude towards the British Government . Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee died in 1924 at Patna , Bihar . His son Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab99d104e4466312fc6498a8df88338e", "text": "M. Kirti Singh Moirangthem Kirti Singh is an Indian writer , scholar and educationist from Manipur . Born on 1 February 1943 at Kongba Uchekon near Imphal to M. Borajao Singh , Singh completed his education from Johnstone Higher Secondary School , Imphal and D. M. College , which were under Guwahati University during those days , securing a BA ( Honours ) and MA in philosophy . Later , he obtained a bachelor 's degree in Law ( LLB ) from LMS Law College , Imphal in 1965 , followed by a doctoral degree ( PhD ) in 1972 , making him the first Meitei to be awarded a PhD . He is also the first Meitei to receive a DLitt . He served various colleges in Manipur as a member of faculty and has also been involved in social activism . Singh has published several books on Meitei culture and history , especially on Meiteilogy . Religious Developments in Manipur in the 18th and 19th Centuries , Religion and Culture of Manipur , Folk culture of Manipur , Recent Researches in Oriental and Indological Studies : Including Meiteilogy The philosophy and Religion , and The philosophy of Organism are some of his notable works . His selected writings were compiled and brought out as a felicitation volume by Akansha Publishing House in 2014 . The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1992 . Singh , a fellow of the Manipur State Kala Akademi and the Asiatic Society , Kolkata , is also a recipient of awards such as Jyotish Ratna ( 1978 ) , Gavashana Archarya ( 1989 ) , Bharat Excellence Award ( 1998 ) , The Rising Personalities Award ( 1999 ) , Glory of India Award ( 2000 ) Secular India Harmony Award ( 2002 ) and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose National Award ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a548d79daea482588c8bf901d83576c6", "text": "Kalindi Charan Panigrahi Kalindi Charan Panigrahi ( 2 July 1901 -- 15 May 1991 ) was a noted Odia poet , novelist , story writer , dramatist , and essayist . He was one of the members of the Odia literary group Sabuja Goshthi ( the Green Group ) . Influenced by the romantic thoughts of Rabindranath Tagore , during the thirties when the progressive Marxist movements was in full flow in Odia Literature , Kalindi Charana Panigrahi , the older brother of Bhagabati Charana Panigrahi , the founder of Marxist trend in Odisha , formed a group in 1920 called `` Sabuja Samiti '' , along with two of his writer friends Annada Shankar Ray and Baikuntha Patnaik . Perhaps it was the very short existed period in Odia Literature , and later submerged with either Gandhian thoughts or Marxian thoughts . Later Kalindi Charana Panigrahi wrote his famous novel Matira Manisha , being influenced by Gandhism . He was for a period , the editor of English Journals , Bhanja Pradipa and Mayurbhanja Chronicle . His eldest daughter Nandini Satpathy was born in 1931 , who later went on to become the Chief Minister of Odisha . His younger brother Bhagabati Charana Panigrahi was the founder of Communist Party in Odisha . Bhagabati 's great contribution for the Independence of India is underplayed in the history , because he was illegally imprisoned , and slow-poisoned by the British . His great grandson Suparno Satpathy is a noted writer , awarded social activist , and a young political leader .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07a5ae860ac2e877d937a3c392550ab6", "text": "Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri ( 6 September 1917 -- 25 June 2006 ) was an Indian physicist and academic , and a scientific advisor to the Government of India . He is known as one of the pioneers of nuclear physics in India and for building the nation 's first cyclotron at the University of Calcutta . In the early 1970s , as the Scientific Advisor to the Ministry of Defence and chair of the Cabinet Committee on Science and Technology , Nagchaudhuri played an influential role in Smiling Buddha , India 's first nuclear test . He also initiated the first feasibility studies on India 's ballistic missile program . Later , he also served as a member of the Planning Commission and as Vice Chancellor of the Jawaharlal Nehru University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b8d8acd32da3c6945c5845c5f5343b", "text": "Indian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876 . The objectives of this Association were `` promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people '' . The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country , and became an important forum for India 's aspirations for independence . It later merged with the Indian National Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd79c5532552c84711135e25efac243", "text": "Swadeshi movement The Swadeshi movement , part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism , was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi ( self-sufficiency ; ) , which had some success . Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes . It was mainly introduced by Gandhi . L. M. Bhole identifies five phases of the Swadeshi movement . 1850 to 1904 : developed by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji , Gokhale , Ranade , Tilak , G.V. Joshi . 1905 to 1917 : Began with and because of the partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon . 1918 to 1947 : Swadeshi thought shaped by Mahatma Gandhi , accompanied by the rise of Indian industrialists . 1948 to 1991 : Widespread curbs on international and inter-state trade . India became a bastion of obsolete technology during the licence-permit raj . 1991 onwards : liberalization and globalization . Foreign capital , foreign technology , and many foreign goods are not excluded and doctrine of export-led growth resulted in modern industrialism . The second Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India , Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911 . It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movement . Its chief architects were Aurobindo Ghosh , Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai , V. O. Chidambaram Pillai , Babu Genu . Swadeshi , as a strategy , was a key focus of Mahatma Gandhi , who described it as the soul of Swaraj ( self rule ) . It was strongest in Bengal and was also called vandemataram movement . Gandhi , at the time of the actual movement , remained loyal to the British Crown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5fec6f51f1f07c85a1bacadd21ccb3", "text": "Abhinash Bhattacharya Abhinash Chandra Bhattacharyya was an important leader in Revolutionary movement for Indian independence or a radical Indian nationalist noted for his role in the Indo-German Conspiracy of World War I. Born in `` Chunta '' in the district of Tripura India , Bhattacharya in his youth became involved with the works of the Anushilan Samiti . In 1910 , Abhinash Bhattacharya proceeded to Germany to qualify as a chemist at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg . He obtained his PhD in Chemistry from there . During his stay in the country , Bhattacharya again became involved in the Indian nationalist movement there , reviving old acquaintances from his Anushilan days . He was at this time close to Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and Harish Chandra and , through his acquaintance with the Prussian Minister of Interior , Bhattacharya became one of the Key founding member of the Berlin Committee , which during the war came to be involved in a number of failed plans for nationalist revolution within India and mutiny in the Indian Army . He returned to India in 1914 and founded a chemical factory known as `` Techno Chemical Laboratory and Works Limited '' in Calcutta . He is known as `` Pioneer in Industrial Chemistry '' . During his lifetime he was connected with many social works and contributed many articles on freedom movement in the leading newspapers of Calcutta . Bhattacharyya also authored two books on freedom movements abroad . Bhattacharya died in Rishra in Hoogly district in West Bengal in 1962 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d00172d8401b3624d74dda32a3c33cf", "text": "CSDIC(I) The Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre ( India ) , or CSDIC ( I ) for short , was the Indian branch of the CSDIC , established during World War II . Established along with the parent section at the start of hostilities in Europe , the branch developed as an important tool for interrogation of enemy troops and informant from November 1942 , when the first information emerged of the nascent Indian National Army . The organisation formed a part of the Jiffs campaign , and was initially tasked with identifying Indian troops at risk of defecting to the INA . By the end of the war its task had evolved into interrogating INA soldiers captured in Burma and Malaya , interrogating them regardless of rank and identifying soldiers as white grey or black on the basis of their commitment to Subhas Chandra Bose and Azad Hind . The classifications was to be important in rehabilitating INA soldiers into the British-Indian Army . Col. Hugh Toye , who worked with the unit , later went on to pen the first subtantive history on the INA in his book 1959 book The Springing Tiger .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb42fd8c7290e0d49b649375827db979", "text": "Trevor Baxter Trevor Baxter ( born 18 November 1932 ) is a British actor and playwright . He was educated at Dulwich College and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . His credits include : Adam Adamant Lives ! , Z-Cars , Maelstrom , Thriller , Spy Trap , The New Avengers , Jack the Ripper , The Barchester Chronicles and Doctors . He is known for his appearance in the Doctor Who serial The Talons of Weng-Chiang ( 1977 ) as Professor George Litefoot . He reprised his role of Professor Litefoot in an episode of audio series , Doctor Who : The Companion Chronicles : The Mahogany Murderers . The following year he was Professor Litefoot again for a continuing series of Jago & Litefoot . Trevor Baxter has appeared on stage with the RSC and in the West End , toured Shakespeare in South America with Sir Ralph Richardson , and also appeared in the USA in David Mamet 's A Life in the Theatre at Shakespeare Santa Cruz in 1986 . He has appeared in many films including Nutcracker ( 1983 ) , Parting Shots ( 1999 ) , Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) and Van Wilder : The Rise of Taj ( 2006 ) . He has also written a number of plays including Lies , The Undertaking , and Office Games . His play Ripping Them Off was given its first performance at the Warehouse Theatre Croydon on 5 October 1990 , directed by Ted Craig and designed by Michael Pavelka . The cast consisted of : Ian Targett ( Graham ) , Angus Mackay ( Revd . Parkinson ) , Caroline Blakiston ( Grace ) , Annette Badland ( Hilda ) , Frank Ellis ( Julian ) , Ewart James Walters ( Max ) , Anthony Woodruff ( Pauken ) , Ian Burford ( Inspector Sands ) , Richard Clifford ( Jeff ) and C.P. Grogan ( Susanna ) . In 2003 he adapted Oscar Wilde 's novella The Picture of Dorian Gray for the stage , followed in March 2005 by a touring version of Wilde 's short story , Lord Arthur Savile 's Crime , revived in January 2010 at the Theatre Royal Windsor , starring Lee Mead in the title role . In 2013 Baxter continued to record Doctor Who audiobooks for Big Finish Productions as Professor Litefoot , having now completed twelve series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9793dc1fd802da93d0a1c4e4141a3014", "text": "Feeble-minded The term feeble-minded was used from the late nineteenth century in Great Britain , Europe and the United States for disorders later referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind . At the time , mental deficiency encompassed all degrees of educational and social deficiency . Within the concept of mental deficiency , researchers established a hierarchy , ranging from idiocy , at the most severe end of the scale ; to imbecility , at the median point ; and to feeble-mindedness at the highest end of functioning . The latter was conceived of as a form of high-grade mental deficiency . The development of the ranking system of mental deficiency has been attributed to Sir Charles Trevelyan in 1876 , and was associated with the rise of eugenics . The term and hierarchy had been used in that sense at least ten years previously . `` Wild card '' terms outside the established hierarchy such as idiot savant , may have been used as connotations for varying degrees of autism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04b90c9773ac9965f916d401bbaafb7", "text": "Baxter, Victoria Baxter is a township and rural locality in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , beyond the urban area . Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula . It is served by Baxter railway station on the Stony Point greater-metropolitan line . Originally named Baxter 's Flat , Baxter was founded by pastoralist Benjamin Baxter , who lived in a property named Carrup Carrup - the Aboriginal name . The property still exists today on what is now the Frankston-Flinders road , as does the original cottage he and his wife Martha lived in . Benjamin Baxter died in 1892 and his gravestone , found in the Frankston Cemetery , reads `` Benjamin Baxter , late of h. m. 50th regiment . Died at Currup Currup 15 May 1892 , aged 87 . Also Martha , beloved wife of above 31 January 1906 age 94 years '' . It was at Baxter 's Flat that the railway to Mornington and Stony Point ( built in the late 1880s ) separated . The station was called Mornington Junction before being changed to Baxter , however its role as a junction ended in the 1980s with the closure of the Mornington line . The early township grew around the railway station and a Post Office named Mornington Junction opened on December 1 , 1892 ( Baxter from 1918 ) Other historic cottages in the area include a primitive 1850s homestead called Eurutta ( formerly Sage 's Cottage ) , and a 1920s American-style residence called Mulberry Hill . Baxter Primary School was established in 1890 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ad489575f47a8156eb435026e27253", "text": "Marischal College Marischal College is a large granite building on Broad Street in the centre of Aberdeen in north-east Scotland , and since 2011 has acted as the headquarters of Aberdeen City Council . However , the building was constructed for and is on long-term lease from the University of Aberdeen , which still uses parts of the building to house a museum and for ceremonial events . Today , it provides corporate office space and public access to council services , adjacent to the Town House , the city 's historic seat of local government . Many Aberdonians consider Marischal College to be an icon of the `` Granite City '' and to symbolise the zenith of Aberdeen 's granite-working industry . The construction of the modern college building began in 1835 , following the demolition of previous buildings on the site , and was completed in its present form in the early 1900s . It is the second largest granite building in the world . Formerly the seat of the Marischal College and University of Aberdeen founded in 1593 , the building was retained by the unified University of Aberdeen which was created in 1860 by the merger of Marischal College and King 's College . The buildings of Marischal College continued to be used for academic purposes until the mid-20th century and less and less until the early 2000s . During this period they were frequently rebuilt and expanded upon . In the mid-to-late 20th century , teaching and academic activities at the university began to move to King 's College or Foresterhill ( for students of medicine ) and by the early 21st century a new purpose for Marischal College was required . After a number of unsuccessful proposals , the majority of the building was leased to Aberdeen City Council to be restored and refurbished as office accommodation . The extensive renovation was completed on schedule and significantly under budget and the building opened to the public in June 2011 . The university has retained the Mitchell Hall and a number of other significant parts of the building for its own use , in addition to the Marischal Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12d361e8fab5064dceaab2d3156bfd48", "text": "Trevor Ngwane Trevor Ngwane is a South African socialist and anti-apartheid activist . He previously worked as a sociology lecturer at Wits University where he helped found the Wits Workers ' School , to teach literacy to the campus cleaners and gardeners . He was the National Education Officer for the Transport & General Workers Union of the Congress of South African Trade Unions . In 1995 he was elected Ward Councillor for Pimville Zone 5 and 7 , Soweto , on an African National Congress ticket . In 1999 he was expelled by the ANC for opposing the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality 's privatization of municipal services . In 2001 , he helped found the Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee and then the Anti-Privatisation Forum in 2002 , which both campaign against the privatisation of public services . He is a member of the Socialist Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c43c4cfca2ebc84e3b4a5dbf8ecd", "text": "Access to Higher Education The Access to Higher Education ( HE ) Diploma is a U.K. qualification which prepares students -- usually mature students -- for study as an undergraduate at university . The diploma is designed for people who would like to study in higher education but who left school without qualifications such as A-Levels . Once completed , the access diploma is held in the same standing as A-Levels , allowing holders to study for BA degrees , BSc degrees , HNCs , HNDs , LLBs and other undergraduate degrees . Each year , around 20,000 Access to HE students apply to universities across the UK . There are over 1,000 different courses leading to the Access to HE Diploma and courses are available in most further education colleges in England and Wales . Access courses are generally tailored as pathways ; that is , they prepare students with the necessary skills and imbue the appropriate knowledge required for a specific undergraduate career . For example , there are ` access to law ' , ` access to medicine ' and ` access to nursing ' pathways that prepare students to study law , medicine and nursing at undergraduate level , respectively . The first access courses were established in the 1970s . Many of these courses were set up to encourage entry to teacher training by people with a wider range of backgrounds than the traditional types of students who were attracted to teaching . Over the years , the success of these early courses led to the development of courses in other areas . In the 1987 white paper Higher Education : Meeting the Challenge , the government identified Access to HE as ` the third recognised route to higher education ' , and sought to extend Access to HE provision through a national framework for the recognition of Access to HE courses . A national framework has been in existence since 1989 . The Quality Assurance Agency ( QAA ) , the Access to HE regulatory body , has been responsible for this framework in England , Wales and Northern Ireland since it was established in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79958d397797ac17e87ab9690bc3bd5", "text": "Sentencing in England and Wales Sentencing in England and Wales refers to a bench of magistrates or district judge in a Magistrate 's Court or a judge in a Crown Court passing sentence on a person found guilty of a criminal offence . In deciding the sentence , the court will take into account a number of factors : the type of offence and how serious it is , the timing of any plea of guilty , the defendant 's character and antecedents , including his/her criminal record and the defendant 's personal circumstances such as their financial circumstances in the case of a fine being imposed . In England and Wales , the types of sentence that may be imposed for a particular offence are specified by statute . There are four main types of sentence : discharges , fines , community sentences and custodial ( or prison ) sentences . If a court convicts a defendant but decides not to impose any punishment , he/she is discharged conditionally or absolutely . Discharges may be ordered for any offence where the penalty is not fixed by law , although in practice they are used in the least serious offences . Fines are the most common sentence , with the maximum fine in the magistrates ' court being # 5,000 for each offence . For offences considered to be `` serious enough '' , a range of community sentences is available to the court . Community sentences place ` requirements ' on the offender - things they must do , or not do , in the community . Requirements can include : doing unpaid work , getting treatment for an addiction ( for example drugs ) , or preventing a defendant from going to a specific place or area . For those offences considered so serious that a non custodial sentence can not be justified , a prison sentence may be imposed , either immediate or suspended . The maximum prison sentence in the magistrates ' court is six months ( which may be imposed consecutively up to 12 months for two triable either-way offences ) . There is also a range of ancillary sentences available to the courts , such as compensation orders , costs , restraining orders and disqualification orders , depending on the type of offence . For the most serious offences such as murder , the sentence is fixed as life . Some offences carry minimum sentences , for example , certain firearms offences , `` three strikes and you 're out '' burglaries , using someone to mind a weapon , or those committed by dangerous offenders . There are different sentencing provisions for offenders aged ten to seventeen years old , and some modified provisions for those in the 18-20 age range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4d62177f66463143bdc06a30fb8a17", "text": "Baxter College Baxter College is a mixed secondary school with academy status located in Kidderminster , Worcestershire , England . Prior to September 2002 the school was known as Harry Cheshire High School . The school provides education for pupils aged 11 to 18 years , and offers a wide range of courses at GCSE and A-Level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eda17942a0f73b0d5c4f756fe391c7c", "text": "Thomas Rotherham College Thomas Rotherham College is a college for 16 - to 19-year-olds , founded in 1967 . It is located in Rotherham , South Yorkshire , England . It is situated on the top of a hill , off Moorgate Road ( A618 ) , next to Boston Castle . The principal is Richard Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1351e302d0472bd0f9ba5f639617a974", "text": "Teaching in Victoria Teaching in Victoria , Australia is regulated by the Victorian Institute of Teaching , through the Department of Education and Training ( DET ) , which is part of the State Government . The DEECD is biggest operator of schools in the state , and along with the independent and Catholic school systems have an interest in teaching as the operator of schools and employer of teachers . Education and teaching in Victoria follows the three-tier model consisting of primary education ( primary schools ) , followed by secondary education ( secondary schools or secondary colleges ) and tertiary education ( Universities and TAFE Colleges ) . Regardless of whether a school is government or independent , they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks . Education in all government schools must be secular and not promote any particular religious practice , denomination or sect . Post-compulsory education is regulated within the Australian Qualifications Framework , a unified system of national qualifications in schools , vocational education and training ( TAFE ) and the higher education sector ( university ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d665baed8c4de870632a2fdf612712aa", "text": "List of schools in Nelson, New Zealand Nelson is a city and unitary authority in the South Island of New Zealand . It contains several city schools . In New Zealand schools , students begin formal education in Year 1 at the age of five . Year 13 is the final year of secondary education . State schools are those fully funded by the government and at which no fees for tuition of domestic students ( i.e. New Zealand citizens and permanent residents , and Australian citizens ) can be charged , although a donation is commonly requested . A state integrated school is a former private school with a special character based on a religious or philosophical belief that has been integrated into the state system . State integrated schools charge `` attendance dues '' to cover the building and maintenance of school buildings , which are not owned by the government , but otherwise they like state schools can not charge fees for tuition of domestic students but may request a donation . Private schools charge fees to its students for tuition , as do state and state integrated schools for tuition of international students . The socioeconomic decile indicates the socioeconomic status of the school 's catchment area . A decile of 1 indicates the school draws from a poor area ; a decile of 10 indicates the school draws from a well-off area . The decile ratings used here come from the Ministry of Education Te Kete Ipurangi website and from the decile change spreadsheet listed in the references . The deciles of all schools were last revised using information from the 2006 Census , and may occasionally change for some schools between Censuses as schools open , close and merge . The roll of each school changes frequently as students start school for the first time , move between schools , and graduate . The rolls given here are those provided by the Ministry of Education are based on figures from The Ministry of Education institution number links to the Te Kete Ipurangi page for each school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd845cb5fb5ef5cad1cdc6eee87c2bf", "text": "Thomas Bancroft (priest) Thomas Bancroft ( 1756 -- 1811 ) , was a vicar of Bolton-le-Moors in Lancashire , England . Bancroft was the son of Thomas Bancroft , a thread-maker , was born in Deansgate , Manchester . At the age of six he was admitted into the Manchester Grammar School , where , in course of time , he became a teacher . He held a school exhibition from 1778 to 1781 , and graduated B.A. at Brasenose College , Oxford , 10 October 1781 . In 1780 he obtained the Craven scholarship ; in the same year he assisted in correcting the edition of Homer published by the Clarendon Press , and further helped Dr. Falconer in correcting an edition of Strabo . Being disappointed of a fellowship at Oxford , he returned to Manchester grammar school as assistant master , and remained there until he was appointed head-master of King Henry VIII 's school at Chester . ` Towards the end of last century , ' writes Dr. Ormerod , ` the school attained a considerable degree of classical celebrity under the direction of the late Rev. Thomas Bancroft , afterwards vicar of Bolton-le-Moors in Lancashire . Plays were occasionally performed by the boys , and a collection of Greek , Latin , and English exercises , partly written by the scholars and partly by Mr. Bancroft , was published at Chester ( 1788 ) under the title of `` Prolusiones Poeticæ ''' . While at this school he married Miss Bennett , of Willaston Hall , against the wishes of her father , a wine merchant in Chester . Her father prevented an attempted elopement by running his sword through Bancroft 's leg , a feat for which he had to pay Bancroft 1,000 l. compensation . A marriage soon afterwards took place in defiance of the father , who was never reconciled to his daughter . He bequeathed , however , 1,000 l. each to her two daughters . In 1793 Bancroft was presented by Bishop Cleaver to the living of Bolton-le-Moors , then worth about 250l . a year . In 1798 Bancroft was made chaplain to the Bolton volunteers by royal warrant , and four years previously he had been appointed domestic chaplain to Viscount Castle-Stewart . He was made one of the four ` king 's preachers ' allowed to the county of Lancaster by Dr. Majendie , bishop of Chester , in 1807 . He continued vicar of Bolton until his death on 5 February 1811 . There is a tablet to his memory in the parish church . He published various sermons , the ` Prolusiones ' already mentioned , and wrote three dissertations ( Oxford , 1835 ) . Two tracts , ` The Credibility of Christianity vindicated , ' Manchester , 1831 , and ` The Englishman armed against the Infidel Spirit of the Times , ' Stockport , 1833 , were privately printed for his son-in-law , J. Bradshaw Isherwood . There remain several of his manuscripts in possession of the family of Major Fell , of Bolton , who married one of Bancroft 's granddaughters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcecf7514016ca41029df04bf29aa3f", "text": "Education in Morocco The education system in Morocco comprises pre-school , primary , secondary and tertiary levels . School education is supervised by the Ministry of National Education , with considerable devolution to the regional level . Higher education falls under the Ministry of Higher Education and Executive Training . School attendance is compulsory up to the age of 13 . About 56 % of young people are enrolled in secondary education , and 11 % are in higher education . The government has launched several policy reviews to improve quality and access to education , and in particular to tackle a continuing problem of illiteracy . Support has been obtained from a number of international donor bodies such as USAID , UNICEF and the World Bank .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80237e514ce5e7d0e9e321862ffa4a4f", "text": "Education Education is the process of facilitating learning , or the acquisition of knowledge , skills , values , beliefs , and habits . Educational methods include storytelling , discussion , teaching , training , and directed research . Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators , but learners may also educate themselves . Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks , feels , or acts may be considered educational . The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy . Education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten , primary school , secondary school and then college , university , or apprenticeship . A right to education has been recognized by some governments , including at the global level : Article 13 of the United Nations ' 1966 International Covenant on Economic , Social and Cultural Rights recognizes a universal right to education . In most regions , education is compulsory up to a certain age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5044d758b08032f2e602d637c41bd1fc", "text": "Fred Talbot Frederick `` Fred '' Talbot ( born 17 December 1949 ) is a British former teacher and television presenter . Talbot spent much of his career in the north west of England . In February 2015 , and again in May 2017 , he was found guilty of a string of indecent sexual assaults against teenage boys at a school in Manchester where he had taught biology . He was sentenced to five years in prison following his initial convictions . He is currently awaiting sentence for the 2017 convictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd348be8ba90c2709061561302644188", "text": "Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone . The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 . The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "469d24cefa5c8acb1f404d7a1c28ec42", "text": "Education in Tasmania The education system in Tasmania comprises two tertiary education institutions ; the government run K-12 schooling system , and numerous independent private schools and colleges , most of which are controlled or sponsored by religious organisations . Public education in Tasmania is managed primarily by the State Government 's Department of Education . The Department is responsible for all aspects of education in Tasmania including schooling , Adult Education , the State Library and TasTAFE , a vocational tertiary institution with many campuses around the state . See Education in Australia for an overview of the national system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2d793707dab92007ce7ddde532c819", "text": "The Underground History of American Education The Underground History of American Education : A Schoolteacher 's Intimate Investigation Into the Problem of Modern Schooling ( ISBN 0-945700-05-9 , pbk . ISBN 0-945700-04-0 ) is a critique of the United States education system by John Taylor Gatto . A former teacher , Gatto left the classroom the same year he was named New York State Teacher of the Year . He announced his decision in a letter titled `` I Quit , I Think '' . Using anecdotes gathered from thirty years of teaching , alongside documentation , Gatto presents his view of modern compulsion schooling as opposed to genuine education , describing a `` conflict between systems which offer physical safety and certainty at the cost of suppressing free will , and those which offer liberty at the price of constant risk '' . Gatto argues that educational strategies promoted by government and industry leaders for over a century included the creation of a system that keeps real power in the hands of very few people . From the book 's Introduction : '' ... Underground History is n't a history proper , but a collection of materials toward a history , embedded in a personal essay analyzing why mass compulsion schooling is unreformable . The history I have unearthed is important to our understanding ; it 's a good start , I believe , but much remains undone . '' '' ... what I 'm trying to describe -LSB- is -RSB- that what has happened to our schools was inherent in the original design for a planned economy and a planned society laid down so proudly at the end of the nineteenth century . '' Russ Kick offers this in summary : `` In other words , the captains of industry and government explicitly wanted an educational system that would maintain social order by teaching us just enough to get by but not enough so that we could think for ourselves , question the sociopolitical order , or communicate articulately . '' The book was read from 2006-2007 for the Unwelcome Guests radio show . The second edition of the book is expected to be released in November , 2015 , with a foreword by Ron Paul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f544bfc758baf53655bd977522c4aa46", "text": "The Impossible Planet `` The Impossible Planet '' is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , first broadcast on 3 June 2006 . It is the first part of a two-part story , followed by `` The Satan Pit '' . The TARDIS lands in a base on a planet orbiting a black hole , an allegedly impossible situation that stumps even the Doctor . The base crew are drilling towards a mysterious subterranean power source , to claim the power that keeps the planet in orbit for the good of the Human Empire . However , an ancient evil is down there too , and it is awakened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c807afc62c32a0d6a4e3e74d4c3ab776", "text": "The Judd School The Judd School ( usually known simply as Judd ) is a grammar school in Tonbridge , Kent , southeast England . It was established in 1888 at Stafford House on East Street in Tonbridge , where it remained for eight years before moving to its present location on Brook Street , in the south of the town . Founded by the Skinners Company , it was named after 16th century merchant Sir Andrew Judde , whose endowment helped fund the school . The Skinners ' Company maintains close links with the school and makes up the majority of the governing body . There are 1019 students in the school aged 11 to 18 ; the lower school is all boys , but of 350 students aged 16 -- 18 in the sixth form , up to 60 are girls . The first headmaster was William Bryant , who oversaw the transition to the present site before his retirement in 1908 . The current headmaster as of 2017 is Robert Masters , who has occupied the post since September 2004 and is the seventh headmaster of the school . Masters will step down at the end of the 2016-17 school year . Judd pupils generally take ten General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) tests in Year Eleven ( aged 15 -- 16 ) , and they have a choice of four or five A-levels in the sixth form . An Office for Standards in Education , Children 's Services and Skills ( Ofsted ) inspection in 2007 graded The Judd School as `` outstanding '' , and league tables published by the Daily Telegraph based on 2013 A-level results rank Judd as the second best ( or best , if independent schools are excluded ) school in Kent . In 2013 , The Sunday Times newspaper ranked The Judd School as the 12th best state secondary school ( for pupils aged 11 -- 16 , with an optional two further years of education in sixth form ) in the country . The majority of students go on to higher education following the completion of their A-levels at the end of Year Thirteen ( aged 17 -- 18 ) , and in 2011 , one in five Year 13 students gained an Oxbridge offer . In September 2004 , the school was designated a music and mathematics specialist school , which means it receives additional funding for those subjects . In 2007 , the school was invited to become a High Performing Specialist School , and in April 2008 was successful in attaining science specialism status . As mathematics is automatically included under a science specialism , the school selected English to be included under the first specialism . The Judd School is now a music with English and science with mathematics specialist school .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c12317cbe6abfe1811e9380c9155acb6", "text": "Jennifer Jason Leigh Jennifer Jason Leigh ( born Jennifer Leigh Morrow on February 5 , 1962 ) is an American actress . Leigh began her career as a teenager in the 1970s , guest-starring on several television shows . Her film breakthrough came in 1982 for her performance as Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High . Leigh continued performing past her teen years , receiving critical praise for her roles in the 1990 films Miami Blues and Last Exit to Brooklyn . In 1991 , she appeared in Ron Howard 's Backdraft , and in 1992 she acted in the drama-thriller Single White Female . In 1993 , Leigh appeared in the ensemble film Short Cuts , directed by Robert Altman and , in 1994 , she starred in the Coen brothers ' The Hudsucker Proxy . Leigh was nominated for a Golden Globe for her portrayal of Dorothy Parker in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle ( 1994 ) . She starred in a 1995 film written by her mother , screenwriter Barbara Turner , titled Georgia . In 2001 , she co-directed a film with Alan Cumming titled The Anniversary Party . In 2002 , Leigh appeared in the crime-drama Road to Perdition . In 2007 , she starred in Margot at the Wedding , which was directed by her then-husband , Noah Baumbach . She had a recurring role on the Showtime television series Weeds as Jill Price-Gray . In 2015 , she received critical acclaim for her voice-work as Lisa in Charlie Kaufman 's Anomalisa , and for her role as Daisy Domergue in Quentin Tarantino 's The Hateful Eight , for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe , Critic 's Choice , BAFTA and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . For her stage work , Leigh was nominated for a Drama Desk award for her Off-Broadway performance as Beverly Moss in Mike Leigh 's Abigail 's Party . Leigh 's Broadway debut occurred in 1998 when she became the replacement for the role of Sally Bowles in Cabaret .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80700e82ff7beefe396eedf1ad2f2566", "text": "Jason Alexander Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23 , 1959 ) , known by his stage name Jason Alexander , is an American actor , voice actor , comedian and director . Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld . Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) and the title character in the animated series Duckman ( 1994 -- 1997 ) . Alexander has had an active career on stage , appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins ' Broadway in 1989 , for which he won the Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Musical . He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers . He was the Artistic Director of `` Reprise ! Broadway 's Best in Los Angeles '' , where he has directed several musicals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8376001b974e4d99d7d14ea94fbdbe1a", "text": "Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fee7a1866e0208d53c31534ba4d68d5f", "text": "Hayden Tee Hayden Tee is a New Zealand actor , singer , and makeup artist . He has played varied roles in Musical Theatre , Concert and Cabaret . He is based in the United States but has also performed in New Zealand , the UK , South Korea , Taiwan and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c0810b44dffbc52d1762b16da6169fc", "text": "Anne Kerry Ford Anne Kerry Ford is an American cabaret singer and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b654d41084439a4e4a81607e8d73e62d", "text": "Bubbling Over (film) Bubbling Over is a 1934 American musical comedy short film directed by Leigh Jason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b856f52cf98ea3c2c6777c47ce7c66a", "text": "Piano bar A piano bar ( also known as a piano lounge ) consists of a piano or electronic keyboard played by a professional musician , located in a cocktail lounge , bar , hotel lobby , office building lobby , restaurant , or on a cruise ship . Usually the pianist receives a small salary plus tips in a jar or basket on or near the piano , especially from patrons requesting a song traditionally written on a beverage napkin . Some piano bars feature a baby grand or grand piano surrounded by stools for patrons ( or , somewhat humorously , an upright piano covered by a counter that makes it appear to be a grand piano ) . Others have a bar surrounding the piano or keyboard . Jimmy Durante started as a piano bar player , as did Billy Joel . Joel 's classic hit `` Piano Man '' is based on his experiences as a piano bar player . Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli also played in piano bars to pay for singing lessons . Theatre historian John Kenrick describes the piano bar as follows : A piano bar is a hybrid creature : part performance space , part living room , part cruise-a-thon , and part saloon . The bar is there to sell drinks , the pianist is there to perform , and the crowd is there to sing , listen , drink and socialize . All of this means that it 's impossible to predict what a given evening 's chemistry will be , even if most of the people on hand are regular customers ... . While every factor counts , the most important issue is the person at the piano . The pianist determines the type of music , the style of performance , and the general tone of the evening ... . The experienced piano bar player knows how to take genial control of most any situation and generally keep the party going . The American minimalist composer Terry Riley , who worked as a cocktail pianist when younger , later offered this `` religious '' view of the profession : Having worked for years as a lounge lizard , I was smitten with the insight that the cocktail pianist is signaled out to conduct his ritual of group urban chanting on the themes of love and existence -- a kind of medicine man at the ever-present altaric piano , surrounded by his boozy tribe sipping sacraments in the circle of our common misery . The Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs presents annually several awards , MAC Awards , for piano bar performers : Piano Bar Instrumentalist , Restaurant/Hotel Lounge Instrumentalist , Piano Bar/Restaurant Singing Entertainer -- male and female .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5e697eba1e8ec49a1169df9db30248", "text": "Eastern Cabaret Eastern Cabaret was a live variety programme series broadcast in 193839 on BBC Television . It was one of several spin-offs from the BBC series Cabaret . Three episodes were broadcast ; they were produced by Harry Pringle , and the first two were presented by Cyril Fletcher . The BBC television service was suspended on 1 September 1939 with the outbreak of World War II , and no further episodes were made . According to Radio Times ( 20 May 1938 ) , `` Harry Pringle , Reginald Smith 's officemate , is having a busy time preparing for his Eastern Cabaret , to be given next week on Monday , May 30 , and Saturday , June 4 . One of his difficulties was getting snakes without temperament and susceptible to the charms of native charmers . He went to five different agencies and gave auditions to thirty-two snakes , and even then failed to find a satisfactory performer '' . A later entry in Radio Times suggests that this may not have been entirely serious , saying that the background had been `` codded '' ( i.e. parodied ) by compere Cyril Fletcher . No episodes have survived.The show was broadcast live . Methods for recording live television did not exist until late 1947 , and were used very rarely by the BBC until around 195355 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd4592a6354985aece1031064874f1dd", "text": "Under Cover (film) Under Cover ( also known as Fires Within ) is a 1987 film directed by John Stockwell . It stars David Neidorf and Jennifer Jason Leigh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20b3aec6e05234834285d8d9945462ba", "text": "Breathless (1983 film) Breathless is a 1983 American drama film directed by Jim McBride and written by McBride and L. M. Kit Carson , starring Richard Gere and Valérie Kaprisky . It is a remake of the 1960 French film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and written by Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut , À bout de souffle ( known as Breathless in English ) and was released in France under the title A Bout de Souffle Made in USA . The original film is about an American girl and a French criminal in Paris . The remake is about a French girl and an American criminal in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "307519a31600a375c78f8dafb0cf6249", "text": "Cabaret Dancer Cabaret Dancer is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film , directed by N Sankaran Nair and produced by S Kumar . The film stars Anuradha , MG Soman , Santhosh and Sathaar in lead roles . The film had musical score by Shyam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b987be45c7af67dcc7de0d2d5218d14", "text": "Mabel Mercer Mabel Mercer ( 3 February 1900 -- 20 April 1984 ) was an English-born cabaret singer who performed in the United States , Britain , and Europe with the greats in jazz and cabaret . She was a featured performer at Chez Bricktop in Paris , owned by the hostess Bricktop , and performed in such clubs as Le Ruban Bleu , Tony 's , the RSVP , the Carlyle , the St. Regis Hotel , and eventually her own room , the Byline Club . Among those who frequently attended Mercer 's shows was Frank Sinatra , who made no secret of his emulating her phrasing and story-telling techniques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b227c9f568a0ae75500b7f6818af168", "text": "Connie Champagne Connie Champagne , née Kelly Kay Brock , born November 23 , 1959 is an American singer , song-writer and actor . She won the SF Weekly Wammie Award for Outstanding Cabaret/Lounge Performer . She is known for performing the character of actress , Judy Garland including Christmas With the Crawfords in 2001 and Imagine Judy Garland : An Evening With Connie Champagne in 2003 . She won a 2007 San Francisco Bay Area Theater Critics Circle Award ( BACTC ) for her role in Goodbye Yellow Brick Road . Specializing in numerous styles of music and theater including cabaret , swing , jazz , rock and roll , and musical theater , Champagne performed in numerous venues throughout the US and Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776ded94bd78faa43ced6b2353f05a22", "text": "Jennifer DeLia Jennifer Renée DeLia ( born September 30 , 1979 ) is an American screenwriter , director , actress , artist , and humanitarian . She is currently based in lower Manhattan where she operates her production company Poverty Row Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6de4f924d2c2c9fd68a209cce8821f5", "text": "The Lark (play) The Lark is a 1952 play about Joan of Arc by the French playwright Jean Anouilh . It was presented on Broadway in English in 1955 , starring Julie Harris as Joan and Boris Karloff as Pierre Cauchon . It was produced by Kermit Bloomgarden . Lillian Hellman made the English adaptation and Leonard Bernstein composed the incidental music . The two stars of the play reprised their roles in a 1957 television production of the play , as part of the anthology series Hallmark Hall of Fame . A different television adaptation aired in 1958 in Australia . There is another English translation by Christopher Fry . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b12995859e2af49baee1daa30fb36106", "text": "Michele Lee Michele Lee ( born June 24 , 1942 ) is an American actress , singer , dancer , producer , and director . She is known for her role as Karen Cooper Fairgate MacKenzie on the 1980s prime-time soap opera Knots Landing ( 1979 -- 93 ) , for which she was nominated for a 1982 Emmy Award and won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1988 , 1991 and 1992 . She was the only performer to appear in all 344 episodes of the show . Lee began her career on Broadway in Vintage 60 ( 1960 ) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying ( 1961 ) . She made her movie debut in the film version of the latter in 1967 . Her other film appearances include the Disney film The Love Bug ( 1968 ) , The Comic ( 1969 ) and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1974 for Seesaw , and for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2001 for The Tale of the Allergist 's Wife . She also played the title role in the 1998 TV film Scandalous Me : The Jacqueline Susann Story , and Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eba62c8384b3241fe97cb4ca5b8d9c2f", "text": "Sleep Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized by altered consciousness , relatively inhibited sensory activity , inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles , and reduced interactions with surroundings . It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli , but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose . Sleep occurs in repeating periods , in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep . Although REM stands for `` rapid eye movement '' , this mode of sleep has many other aspects , including virtual paralysis of the body . A well-known feature of sleep is the dream , an experience typically recounted in narrative form , which resembles waking life while in progress , but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy . During sleep , most of the body 's systems are in an anabolic state , helping to restore the immune , nervous , skeletal , and muscular systems ; these are vital processes that maintain mood , memory , and cognitive performance and plays a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems . The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night . The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research . The advent of artificial light has substantially altered sleep timing in industrialized countries . Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders , including dyssomnias , such as insomnia , hypersomnia , narcolepsy , and sleep apnea ; parasomnias , such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder ; bruxism ; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d069a22c41ae356be7818a7c9ba5a355", "text": "Heart murmur Heart murmurs are heart sounds produced when blood flows across one of the heart valves that are loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope . There are two types of murmurs . A functional murmur or `` physiologic murmur '' is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart . Other types of murmurs are due to structural defects in the heart itself . Functional murmurs are benign ( an `` innocent murmur '' ) . Murmurs may also be the result of various problems , such as narrowing or leaking of valves , or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart . Such murmurs , known as pathologic murmurs , should be evaluated by an expert . Heart murmurs are most frequently categorized by timing , into systolic heart murmurs and diastolic heart murmurs , differing in the part of the heartbeat on which they can be heard . However , continuous murmurs can not be directly placed into either category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79df06ff12ffed4c87286342fc49acbe", "text": "Prenasalized consonant Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent ( or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as -LSB- -LSB- ɺ -RSB- -RSB- ) that behave phonologically like single consonants . The primary reason for considering these to be single consonants , rather than clusters as in English finger or member , lies in their behavior ; however , there may also be phonetic correlates which distinguish prenasalized consonants from clusters . Because of the additional difficulty in both articulation and timing , prenasalized fricatives and sonorants are not as common as prenasalized stops or affricates , and the presence of the former implies the latter . In most languages , when a prenasalized consonant is described as `` voiceless '' , it is only the oral portion that is voiceless , while the nasal portion is modally voiced . Thus a language may have `` voiced '' -LSB- -LSB- ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ -RSB- -RSB- and `` voiceless '' -LSB- -LSB- ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk -RSB- -RSB- . However , in some Southern Min ( incl . Taiwanese ) dialects , voiced stops are preceded by voiceless prenasalization : -LSB- -LSB- ᵐ̥b ⁿ̥d ⁿ̥ɺ ᵑ̊ɡ -RSB- -RSB- . Prenasalized stops may be distinguished from post-stopped nasals ( orally released nasals ) , such as the -LSB- / mᵇ nᵈ ɲᶡ ŋᶢ / -RSB- of Acehnese and similar sounds ( including voiceless -LSB- / mᵖ / -RSB- etc. ) in many dialects of Chinese . ( Though at least in the Chinese case , in some dialects the nasalization continues in diminished degree through to the vowel , indicating that the consonant is partially denasalized rather than actually having an oral release . ) No language is known to contrast the two types of consonant , which are distinguished primarily by a difference in timing ( brief nasal followed by longer stop vs longer nasal followed by brief stop ) , nor are any expected to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64dd9daf9076ba7ebc36b00ed2795358", "text": "Pulmonary aspiration Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material ( such as pharyngeal secretions , food or drink , or stomach contents ) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx ( voice box ) and lower respiratory tract ( the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea -- i.e. , windpipe -- to the lungs ) . A person may either inhale the material , or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation . When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking , the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as `` going down the wrong pipe . '' Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all , to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia , to death within minutes from asphyxiation . These consequences depend in part on the volume , chemical composition , particle size , presence or absence of infectious agents , and underlying health status of the person . In healthy people , aspiration of small quantities of material is common and rarely results in disease or injury . People with significant underlying disease or injury , especially hospitalized patients , are at greater risk for developing respiratory complications following pulmonary aspiration because of certain factors such as depressed level of consciousness and impaired airway defenses ( gag reflex and/or respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system ) . As the lumen of the right main bronchus is more vertical and of slightly wider diameter than that of the left , aspirated material is more likely to end up in this bronchus or one of its subsequent bifurcation . About 3.6 million cases of pulmonary aspiration or foreign body in the airway occurred in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01202c1e78fddeef2da6ae3176f2d841", "text": "Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepines ( BZD , BZs ) , sometimes called `` benzos '' , are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring . The first such drug , chlordiazepoxide ( Librium ) , was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 , and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann -- La Roche , which , since 1963 , has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam ( Valium ) . In 1977 benzodiazepines were globally the most prescribed medications . Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) at the GABAA receptor , resulting in sedative , hypnotic ( sleep-inducing ) , anxiolytic ( anti-anxiety ) , anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxant properties . High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation . These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety , insomnia , agitation , seizures , muscle spasms , alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures . Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short - , intermediate - , or long-acting . Short - and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia ; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety . Benzodiazepines are generally viewed as safe and effective for short-term use , although cognitive impairment and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur . A minority of people can have paradoxical reactions such as worsened agitation or panic . Long-term use is controversial because of concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects , decreasing effectiveness , and physical dependence and withdrawal . As a result of adverse effects associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines , withdrawal from benzodiazepines , in general , leads to improved physical and mental health . The elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short - and long-term adverse effects , and as a result , all benzodiazepines are listed in the Beers List of inappropriate medications for older adults . There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy . While they are not major teratogens , uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn . Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness . However , they are less toxic than their predecessors , the barbiturates , and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken . When combined with other central nervous system ( CNS ) depressants such as alcoholic drinks and opioids , the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases . Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75a104835024df23efe5781f92fbf89e", "text": "Apneustic respirations Apneustic respiration ( a.k.a. apneusis ) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep , gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief , insufficient release . Accompanying signs and symptoms may include decerebrate posturing ; fixed , dilated pupils ; coma or profound stupor ; quadriparesis ; absent corneal reflex ; negative oculocephalic reflex ; and obliteration of the gag reflex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7396a1125bfdf142454217313e0c7f5", "text": "Squawk (sound) Squawks or short wheezes are brief `` squeaky '' sounds that are also referred to as squeaks . Their waveforms show a sinusoidal pattern with a duration 10 to 100 ms and a frequency between 200 and 800 Hz . Many birds have made sounds which are onomatopoeically described as `` squawk '' . Squawks have been described in bird fancier 's disease and other forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis . They are also heard in a variety of conditions in which alveolitis is present . In one study they were found in 10 % of patients with pneumonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f10ccc9f476b823565a36a8528fa17d6", "text": "Air pollution sensor Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the presence of air pollution in the surrounding area . They can be used for both indoor and outdoor environments . These sensors can be built at home , or bought from certain manufactures . Although there are various types of air pollution sensors , and some are specialized in certain aspects , the majority focuses on five components : ozone , particulate matter , carbon monoxide , sulfur dioxide , and nitrous oxide . The sensors were very expensive in the past , but with technological advancements these sensors are becoming more affordable and more widespread throughout the population . These sensors can help serve many purposes and help bring attention to environmental issues beyond the scope of the human eye . The EPA maintains a repository of air quality data through the Air Quality System ( AQS ) , where it stores data from over 10,000 monitors in the United States . While use of these sensors was expensive in the past , the 2010s saw a recent trend towards the development of cheaper portable air-quality sensors that can be worn by individuals to monitor local air quality levels . These sensors , can then , in turn , help measure the spatiotemporal coverage and variety of chemical species , and empower individuals and communities to better understand their exposure environments and risks from air pollution . A research group led by William Griswold at UCSD handed out portable air pollution sensors to 16 commuters , and found `` urban valleys '' where buildings trapped pollution . The group also found that passengers in buses have higher exposures compared to those in automobiles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f286891cfeb2fd4131cef16329ea3c1b", "text": "Sleep together Sleep together may refer to : Sexual intercourse `` Sleep Together '' , a song by Garbage from the album Version 2.0 Sleep Together ( Porcupine Tree song )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8217e589f383a384aa1b866edec72068", "text": "Hypnodermatology Hypnodermatology is an informal label for the use of hypnosis in treating the skin conditions that fall between conventional medical dermatology and the mental health disciplines . The use of hypnosis to provide relief for some skin conditions is based on observations that the severity of the disease may correlate with emotional issues . In addition , hypnotherapy has been used to suggest improvement on dermatological symptoms , such as chronic psoriasis , eczema , ichthyosis , warts and alopecia areata . Philip D. Shenefelt , a research dermatologist at the University of South Florida School of Medicine , has identified two dozen dermatologic conditions that have shown response to hypnosis in the literature , with varying degrees of evidence . These include successful results in controlled trials on verruca vulgaris , psoriasis , and atopic dermatitis . A 2005 review in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings stated that , `` A review of the use of hypnosis in dermatology supports its value for many skin conditions not believed to be under conscious control '' . The most comprehensively studied skin conditions in relation to hypnotherapy are psoriasis and warts . Hypnosis may have positive effects on dermatological conditions in both adults and children . Hypnotherapy may contribute towards reducing itching and discomfort brought on by the presence of warts and improves and possibly decreasing lesions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3cb3898d5b78aefc01c1426f0c4715a", "text": "Postural drainage Postural drainage ( PD ) is drainage used in bronchiectasis and lung abscess . The patient 's body is positioned so that the trachea is inclined downward and below the affected chest area . Postural drainage is essential in treating bronchiectasis and patients must receive physiotherapy to learn to tip themselves into a position in which the lobe to be drained . It is done at least three times daily for up to 30 minutes . It can be done in the night to reduce coughing at night ( although PD should be avoided after meals ) or in the morning to clear accumulated secretions during the night . Bronchodilators can be used 15 minutes before PD is done to maximise its benefits . The most affected area is drained first to prevent infected secretions spilling into healthy lung . Drainage time varies but each position requires 10 minutes . If an entire hemithorax is involved , each lobe has to drained individual but a maximum of three position per session is considered sufficient . The procedure is discontinued if the patient complains of headache , discomfort , dizziness , palpitations , fatigue and dyspnea . Patients may be dyspnic after the various manuovers as the head-down position increases the work of breathing , reduces tidal volume and decreases FRC . The treatment is often used in conjunction with a technique for loosening secretions in the chest cavity called chest percussion . Chest percussion is performed by clapping the back or chest with a cupped hand . Alternatively , a mechanical vibrator may be used in some cases to facilitate loosening of secretions . There are drainage positions for all segments of the lung . These positions can be modified depending on the patient 's condition . Postural drainage may be followed by breathing exercises to help expel loosened secretions from the airway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddda2f9fa6866031dabfd3efb78987a2", "text": "Air embolism An air embolism , also known as a gas embolism , is a blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air or other gas in the circulatory system . Air embolisms may also occur in the xylem of vascular plants , especially when suffering from water stress . Air can be introduced into the circulation during surgical procedures , lung over-expansion injury , decompression , and a few other causes . Divers can suffer from arterial gas embolisms as a consequence of lung over-expansion injury . Breathing gas introduced into the venous system of the lungs due to pulmonary barotrauma will not be trapped in the alveolar capillaries , and will consequently be circulated to the rest of the body through the systemic arteries , with a high risk of embolism . Inert gas bubbles arising from decompression are generally formed in the venous side of the systemic circulation , where inert gas concentrations are highest , these bubbles are generally trapped in the capillaries of the lungs where they will usually be eliminated without causing symptoms . If they are shunted to the systemic circulation through a patent foramen ovale they can travel to and lodge in the brain where they can cause stroke , the coronary capillaries where they can cause myocardial ischaemia or other tissues , where the consequences are usually less critical . The first aid treatment is to administer oxygen at the highest practicable concentration , treat for shock and transport to a hospital where therapeutic recompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are the definitive treatment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19fc2ca9b1a76d3e6f7d7003eaa20437", "text": "Put to sleep The term `` put to sleep '' may refer to : anesthesia animal euthanasia Actually helping something go to sleep", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8092731239719b05540c71142a91e957", "text": "Safety of electronic cigarettes The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain . There is little data about their safety , and considerable variability among e-cigarettes and in their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user . Reviews on the safety of e-cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions . A 2014 World Health Organization ( WHO ) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes . Regulated US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) products such as nicotine inhalers are likely safer than e-cigarettes , . A systematic review suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking and since they contain no tobacco and do not involve combustion , users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke . However , e-cigarettes can not be considered harmless . E-cigarettes have been found to reduce lung and myocardial function , increase inflammation , and have toxic content including carcinogens , but to a much lower extent than combustible cigarettes in virtually all cases . The long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown . A 2015 study found serious adverse events related to e-cigarettes were hypotension , seizure , chest pain , rapid heartbeat , disorientation , and congestive heart failure but it was unclear to the degree they were the result of e-cigarettes . Less serious adverse effects may include abdominal pain , headache , blurry vision , throat and mouth irritation , vomiting , nausea , and coughing . A 2014 WHO report said , `` ENDS -LSB- electronic nicotine delivery system -RSB- use poses serious threats to adolescents and fetuses . '' Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use , there are also risks from misuse or accidents such as nicotine poisoning ( especially among infants and children ) , contact with liquid nicotine , fires caused by vaporizer malfunction , and explosions resulting from extended charging , unsuitable chargers , or design flaws . Battery explosions are caused by an increase in internal battery temperature and some have resulted in severe skin burns . There is a small risk of battery explosion in devices modified to increase battery power . The cytotoxicity of e-liquids varies , and contamination with various chemicals have been detected in the liquid . Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metals . Many chemicals including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire ( heating element ) that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacted with the liquid . Normal usage of e-cigarettes , and reduced voltage ( 3.0 V ) devices generate very low levels of formaldehyde . Later-generation e-cigarettes used with higher power may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde than compared to smoking . A 2015 review found that these levels were the result of overheating under test conditions that bear little resemblance to common usage . A 2015 Public Health England ( PHE ) report found that high levels of formaldehyde only occurred in overheated `` dry-puffing '' . Users detect the `` dry puff '' and avoid it , and they concluded that `` There is no indication that EC users are exposed to dangerous levels of aldehydes . '' However , e-cigarette users may `` learn '' to overcome the unpleasant taste due to elevated aldehyde formation , when the nicotine craving is high enough . E-cigarette users who use devices that contain nicotine are exposed to its potentially harmful effects . Nicotine is associated with cardiovascular disease , potential birth defects , and poisoning . In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer , but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo . There is inadequate research to demonstrate that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans . The risk is probably low from the inhalation of propylene glycol and glycerin . No information is available on the long-term effects of the inhalation of flavors . E-cigarettes create an aerosol that consists of fine and ultrafine particles of particulate matter , with the majority of particles in the ultrafine range . The vapor have been found to contain flavors , propylene glycol , glycerin , nicotine , tiny amounts of toxicants , carcinogens , heavy metals , and metal nanoparticles , and other substances . Exactly what the vapor comprises varies in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers . E-cigarette vapor potentially contains harmful substances not found in tobacco smoke . The majority of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are absent in e-cigarette vapor . E-cigarette vapor contains lower concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals than with cigarette smoke . Those which are present , are mostly below 1 % the corresponding levels permissible by workplace safety standards . But workplace safety standards do not recognize exposure to certain vulnerable groups such as people with medical ailments , children , and infants who may be exposed to second-hand vapor . Concern exists that some of the mainstream vapor exhaled by e-cigarette users may be inhaled by bystanders , particularly indoors . E-cigarette use by a parent might lead to inadvertent health risks to offspring . A 2014 review recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated for consumer safety . There is limited information available on the environmental issues around production , use , and disposal of e-cigarettes that use cartridges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7661b91b81bc02f83174372e1ca383d", "text": "Adherence management coaching Adherence management coaching ( AdM coaching ) is an evidence-based applied behavioral approach for significantly improving patient adherence and reducing unplanned hospital readmissions . It is based on the research and work of Bob Wright , Aubrey Daniels and BF Skinner . AdM coaches identify patients at high risk for readmission as a direct result of not following their discharge plan . Once identified , AdM Coaches work with these patients ( patient engagement ) to identify consequences ( consequence analysis ) with their plan of care that might result in non-adherence . Together , with their provider , AdM Coaches establish a patient centered adherence improvement plan ( AIP ) . The AIP is used to identify target behaviors , desired results ( clinical outcomes ) and reinforcers that support following their plan of care and developing adherent habits . Following hospital discharge , at-risk patients , and their families , are followed and coached by an AdM Coach for several months as the adherent replacement habits are developed and strengthened . Home and work environments are filled with cues of a lifetime of habits . While meeting with at-risk patients and their families , AdM coaches identify these cues and work with the family to replace them and reinforce healthier habits . All new behaviors , if not reinforced , will return to the life-style habits that contributed to hospitalization in the first place . Adherence management provides a coaching toolkit to be used in conjunction with Teachback , motivational interviewing , pill counting , biochemical measurements , pharmacy data-base of usage and Directly Observed Treatment Short course ( DOTS ) . Worldwide , half of all patients choose to not follow their plan of care . Current programs , like the teach-back method , focus on teaching all patients , just prior to their discharge , the new information they need to follow to once they go home . Motivational Interviewing takes more nurse educator time as together , with the patient , they attempt to identify and overcome areas of ambivalence concerning their disease process and plan of care . Other programs focus on alerting devices and pill-minders to aid patients in remembering to take their medications on time . At best , these `` cues '' or antecedents have had a marginal impact on improving adherence . The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has extended provider responsibility and accountability well beyond the front doors of clinics and hospitals . CMS , in responding to a hospital question concerning levels of responsibility following discharge , responded writing , `` Post discharge care is a joint responsibility . '' Punitive programs have been established within the Affordable Care Act of 2010 as a `` quality incentive '' to create change . Hospitals with readmitted patients , above an allowable range and within 30 days of discharge , lose a 4 % `` Quality Withhold '' . A significant number of these readmissions , because of a lack of post-discharge transitional care coordination and patient engagement , will be the result of non-adherence to their discharge plan . Punishing hospitals for patient non-adherence may have some effect on hospital behavior , but little or no impact on improving patient adherence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "349c549123218485f66cf2913b5414d9", "text": "Nasal EPAP Nasal expiratory positive airway pressure ( Nasal EPAP ) is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) and snoring . Contemporary EPAP devices have two small valves that allow air to be drawn in through each nostril , but not exhaled ; the valves are held in place by adhesive tabs on the outside of the nose . The mechanism by which EPAP may work is not clear ; it may be that the resistance to nasal exhalation leads to a buildup in CO2 which in turn increases respiratory drive , or that resistance to exhalation generates pressure that forces the upper airway to open wider . In OSA it appears to be effective to reduce but not eliminate apnea for people with mild to moderate OSA ( Apnea -- hypopnea index < 30 ) and for people who can not tolerate CPAP , but within those groups it is not clear why some respond and others do not , and the evidence consists of small clinical trials with follow-up no longer than one year . As of 2015 there was evidence from one small trial that it may be useful in children with OSA . It has shown evidence of reducing snoring as well . EPAP is unlikely to be effective in people with significant nasal obstruction . Side effects that emerged during clinical trials included difficulty breathing , difficulty falling or staying asleep , dry mouth , nasal congestion , headache , difficulty putting on or removing the device , and anxiety . Ventus Medical received FDA 510K clearance for marketing the Provent EPAP device for OSA in 2009 . Ventus received 510K clearance for an EPAP device to treat snoring in June 2012 . Ventus was acquired by Theravent Inc. in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cab30d4678951212c7346bae407a2d7", "text": "Papworth method The Papworth method is a specific diaphragmatic breathing technique that was developed in the 1960s . The technique emphasises nose breathing and the development of a breathing pattern to suit current activity . It also involves relaxation exercises that , in concert with the breathing technique , have been purported to aid depression and anxiety . Developed at Papworth Hospital in Cambridgeshire , England , the method seeks to control `` over-breathing '' ( rapid shallow breaths taken at the top of the chest ) that are usually associated with persons under stressful conditions . The aim is to encourage gentler , more relaxed breathing , using the abdomen and diaphragm rather than the chest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e131823aa554e7682970c4d6cfc1155", "text": "Breathing (disambiguation) Breathing is the process that moves air in and out of the lungs or oxygen through other breathing organs . Breathing may also refer to : Breathing ( film ) , a 2011 Austrian art-house film Breathing ( lens ) , an effect in some photographic lenses Breathing ( memorial sculpture ) , a memorial sculpture in London Pre-echo or breathing , a digital audio compression artifact One of two Greek diacritics : Rough breathing , which represents h Smooth breathing , which represents the absence of h Breathing , aeration of wine , as by use of a decanter", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c83ababc85acdf92c66b53eac98c48a", "text": "Nitrogen dioxide poisoning Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is the illness resulting from the toxic effect of nitrogen dioxide . It usually occurs after the inhalation of the gas beyond the threshold limit value . Nitrogen dioxide is reddish-brown with very a sharp , harsh smell at high concentrations . It is colourless and odourless at lower concentration but yet harmful . Nitrogen dioxide poisoning depends on the duration , frequency and intensity of exposure . Nitrogen dioxide is an irritant of the mucous membrane linked with other air pollutant that causes pulmonary diseases such as OLD , asthma , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sometimes acute exacerbation of COPD and in fatal cases , deaths . Its poor solubility in water enhances its passage and its ability to pass through the moist oral mucosa of the respiratory tract . Like most toxic gases , the dose inhaled determines the toxicity on the respiratory tract . Occupational exposures constitute the highest risk of toxicity and domestic exposure is uncommon . Prolonged exposure to low concentration of the gas may have lethal effects , as can short-term exposure to high concentrations like chlorine gas poisoning . It is one of the major air pollutant capable of causing severe heath hazards such as coronary artery disease as well as stroke . Nitrogen dioxide is often released into the environment as a byproduct of fuel combustion but rarely released by spontaneous combustion . Known sources of nitrogen gas poisoning includes automobile exhaust and power stations . The toxicity may also result from non-combustible sources such as the one released from anaerobic fermentation of food grains and anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) developed a global recommendation limiting exposures to less than 20 parts per billion for chronic exposure and value less 100 ppb for one hour for acute exposure , using nitrogen dioxide as a marker for other pollutants from fuel combustion . The standards also based on the concentration of nitrogen dioxide that show a significant and profound effects on the function of the pulmonary of asthmatic patients . Historically , some cities in the United States including Chicago and Los Angeles have high levels of nitrogen dioxide but the EPA set a standard values less than 100 ppb for a one-hour exposure and less than 53 ppb for chronic exposure .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0b8da7ae6398eaaceceeba1bc5d3bf6f", "text": "List of Batman Family adversaries The Batman Family adversaries or the rogues gallery are a collective of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . These characters are depicted as adversaries of the superhero Batman and his allies . Since Batman first appeared in Detective Comics # 27 ( May 1939 ) , his supporting cast has expanded to include other superheroes , and has become what is now informally called the Batman Family . As with most superheroes , a cast of recurring enemies to the Batman Family have been introduced throughout the decades , collectively referred to as the rogues gallery . Many characters from Batman 's rogues gallery who are criminally insane become patients at Arkham Asylum after they are apprehended . The Batman Family 's rogues gallery has widely been well received , considered by many journalists to be one of the greatest superhero rogues galleries in all of comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2955e0a406362584b81bed952cafb19", "text": "Mr. Freeze Mr. Freeze ( Victor Fries ) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman . Created by Bob Kane , David Wood , and Sheldon Moldoff , the character first appeared in Batman # 121 ( February 1959 ) , where he was known as Mr. Zero . Mr. Freeze is one of Batman 's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman 's rogues gallery . In the most common variation of his origin story , he is a former cryogenics expert in Gotham City who was involved in a laboratory accident while attempting to cure his terminally ill wife Nora Fries . The disaster lowered his body temperature to the point that he must wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive , and he utilizes a `` freeze gun '' that freezes its targets solid . Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders , Otto Preminger , and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series , by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin , and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham . He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman : The Animated Series , by Clancy Brown in The Batman , and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman : Arkham video game franchise . IGN 's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5e5bbd51fcb6ca2f637e4f183cbeb112", "text": "Mister Twister (comics) Mister Twister is the name of three fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d10dc38bfca063031def43fe45e98dc", "text": "Ice cream Ice cream ( derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice ) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert . It is usually made from dairy products , such as milk and cream , and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors . It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes . Typically , flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers . The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming . The result is a smooth , semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures ( < 35 ° F / 2 ° C ) . It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases . The meaning of the phrase `` ice cream '' varies from one country to another . Phrases such as `` frozen custard '' , `` frozen yogurt '' , `` sorbet '' , `` gelato '' and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles . In some countries , such as the United States , the phrase `` ice cream '' applies only to a specific variety , and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients , notably the amount of cream . Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled `` frozen dairy dessert '' instead . In other countries , such as Italy and Argentina , one word is used for all variants . Analogues made from dairy alternatives , such as goat 's or sheep 's milk , or milk substitutes ( e.g. , soy milk or tofu ) , are available for those who are lactose intolerant , allergic to dairy protein , or vegan . Ice cream may be served in dishes , for eating with a spoon , or in cones , which are licked . Ice cream may be served with other desserts , such as apple pie . Ice cream is used to prepare other desserts , including ice cream floats , sundaes , milkshakes , ice cream cakes and even baked items , such as the Baked Alaska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b12085c0c5d7c644373a582d874000d", "text": "Mega Man (Archie Comics) Mega Man is a comic series produced by Archie Comics which was announced at New York Comic Con 2010 . The series began publication in April 2011 with Ian Flynn , who has written many stories for Archie 's Sonic the Hedgehog series , involved with the production . The series has proved highly successful , and in 2013 a crossover took place between the Mega Man and Sonic series , under the title `` Worlds Collide . '' The series does not follow the events of the games in exact order , including an adaptation of the Japanese exclusive game Super Adventure Rockman between those of Mega Man 2 and Mega Man 3 . The series later included a few stories set in the time of the Mega Man X series . The popularity of Worlds Collide subsequently led to a second crossover with the Sonic series , Worlds Unite . The series went on an indefinite hiatus after issue 55 , concluding with setup for an adaptation of Mega Man 4 . The series is also notable for the artistic liberties taken with various characters . Shadow Man of Mega Man 3 and the Stardroids of Mega Man V are both featured as creations of Ra Moon , the primary antagonist from Super Adventure Rockman , and all are featured as foes of a group of robots based on Mega Man 8 character Duo . Mega Man and Proto Man 's Japanese names-Rock and Blues-are adapted as the names for their civilian forms . Several Robot Masters also appear in the series earlier than they did in the games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14094ae37b94e3c56cbd9ed1633fef50", "text": "Thunderclap (comics) Thunderclap ( Stanley George Johnson ) is a fictional superhero created by Marvel UK a division of Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3be21f6f6b6bd4bcd60c40d247d3f65", "text": "Freeze (T-Pain song) `` Freeze '' is the third and final single from R&B singer T-Pain from his third album , Thr33 Ringz . The song features singer Chris Brown . The song was released on iTunes on October 10 and was added to T-Pain 's MySpace on October 17 . A version that features Omarion was originally on the album , but was changed to Chris Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c0d84fb778741b9d2ae95ac24ee7a2", "text": "Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Batman : Mask of the Phantasm ( also known as Batman : The Animated Movie ) is a 1993 American animated neo-noir superhero mystery film feauring the DC Comics character Batman . Directed by Eric Radomski and Bruce Timm , it is based on the hit TV series Batman : The Animated Series and was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . The film was written by Alan Burnett , Paul Dini , Martin Pasko and Michael Reaves and stars the vocal talents of Kevin Conroy , Mark Hamill and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. ( all reprising their roles from The Animated Series ) , in addition to Dana Delany , Hart Bochner , Stacy Keach , and Abe Vigoda . It revolves around Batman attempting to apprehend a mysterious vigilante who 's murdering Gotham City 's crime bosses . The film was originally thought of as a direct-to-video release . Warner Bros. ultimately decided for a theatrical release , giving the filmmakers a strenuous eight-month schedule . Mask of the Phantasm was released on December 25 , 1993 to widespread acclaim from critics , who praised the animation , voice performances , storyline and music , among others . However , due to the decision to release the film in theaters on such short notice , it failed at the box office . After its release on home video , the film found cult success and over the years developed a cult following . The film 's success led to two direct-to-video standalone sequels , Batman & Mr. Freeze : SubZero in 1997 and Mystery of the Batwoman in 2003 . In recent years , many publications including Time , IGN and WhatCulture , have ranked it as one of the best Batman films ever made and among the best animated films ever made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ad21eb2c7f89a6a2568a092e555198", "text": "Freeze Freeze may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7107cedde95879cfb1141495f435711c", "text": "List of Freezing chapters Freezing is a Japanese manga series written by Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Kwang-Hyun Kim . The series revolves around an extraterrestrial force called the Nova that are invading Earth , and genetically engineered girls called Pandoras and their male partners called Limiters are created to combat them . The story centers on Kazuya Aoi , a Limiter whose late sister was a Pandora , and Satellizer el Bridget , a Pandora with a cold personality who is known as the `` Untouchable Queen '' for her intense fear of being touched . Both are enrolled at West Genetics Academy , which is a special school that is part of a series of academies that trains Pandoras and Limiters alike to fight against the Nova . Freezing started serialization in Kill Time Communication 's seinen manga magazine Comic Valkyrie in its March 2007 issue , published on January 27 , 2007 . The first tankōbon was released in October 26 , 2007 , with a total of twenty-five volumes sold in Japan as of October 25 , 2014 under its Valkryie Comics imprint . Freezing is currently split into two parts : Part 1 which ran from Volume 1 to Volume 14 , spanning 96 chapters ; and Part 2 , going from Volume 15 onwards and currently ongoing in Comic Valkyrie . A spinoff manga , called , illustrated by Jae-Ho Yoon ( the illustrator of Lim 's light novel-based manhwa The Phantom King ) , began serialization in the November 2011 issue of Comic Valkyrie ( released on September 27 , 2011 ) , and ran four chapters until the March 2011 issue ( released January 27 , 2012 ) . A prequel to the original series , the story centers on Chiffon Fairchild and Ticy Phenyl 's first year at West Genetics prior to them becoming Student Council President and Vice President , and also explains the origin of Chiffon 's title , `` The Unmatched Smiling Monster '' . First Chronicle was later released as a tankōbon volume on February 29 , 2012 . A second spinoff manga , called , illustrated by Soo-Cheol Jeong ( the illustrator of Lim 's novel-based manhwa The Legend of Maian ) , began serialization in the May 2012 issue of Comic Valkyrie ( published on March 27 , 2012 ) . Like First Chronicle before it , Zero is also a prequel to the original series , chronicling the back stories of many Pandoras prior to them attending Genetics . The first bound volume of Zero was released on August 29 , 2012 . A third spinoff , called , began serialization in the April 2013 issue of Comic Valkyrie . Outside Japan , Freezing is published in South Korea by Haksan Culture Company , where it is serialized in Booking ; in France by Bamboo Edition under their Doki-Doki manga imprint ; and in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing . A 12-episode anime adaptation by A.C.G.T. aired in Japan between January and April 2011 on AT-X and other channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80160f8543e12afc81374a0192242cee", "text": "Spencer Smythe Spencer Smythe is a fictional character , a comic book villain in the Marvel Comics universe . He is the father of Alistair Smythe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae686b4a6ec50716cc44466b8108edb", "text": "Mr. Burns Charles Montgomery Burns , known as C. Montgomery Burns and Monty Burns , but usually referred to simply as Mr. Burns , is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons , and is voiced by Harry Shearer . Burns is the evil owner of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant and is also Homer Simpson 's boss . He is assisted at almost all times by Waylon Smithers , his loyal and sycophantic aide , adviser , confidant and secret admirer . Although originally conceived as a one-dimensional , recurring villain who might occasionally enter the Simpsons ' lives and wreak some sort of havoc , Burns ' popularity has led to his repeated inclusion in episodes . He is a stereotype of corporate America in his unquenchable desire to increase his own wealth and power , inability to remember his employees ' names ( including Homer 's , despite frequent interactions -- which has become a recurrent joke ) and lack of concern for their safety and well-being . Reflecting his advanced age , Burns is given to expressing dated humor , making references to Jazz Age popular culture , and aspiring to apply obsolete technology to everyday life . Conan O'Brien has called Burns his favorite character to write for , due to his arbitrarily old age and extreme wealth . Burns ' trademark expression is the word `` Excellent '' , muttered slowly in a low , sinister voice while steepling his fingertips . He occasionally orders Smithers to `` release the hounds '' , so as to let his vicious guard dogs attack any intruders , enemies or even invited guests . Burns is Springfield 's richest and most powerful citizen ( and also the richest person in Springfield 's state ; his current net worth has been given as $ 7.3 billion by Forbes , though it fluctuates wildly depending on the episode ) . He uses his power and wealth to do whatever he wants , usually without regard for consequences and without interference from the authorities . These qualities led Wizard Magazine to rate him the 45th greatest villain of all time . TV Guide named him # 2 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked him # 8 of their `` 40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dec4132245c92b721bc549fb8076c7", "text": "Freeze Frame (2004 film) Freeze Frame is a British-American psychological thriller-mystery film written and directed by John Simpson , and starring comedian Lee Evans in the lead role . The film follows the story of Sean Veil played by Evans who eventually becomes paranoid after being accused of triple murder and films his every moment of life to provide an alibi . The film was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb0790390b44cbd1f9bc942ebb88d5f", "text": "Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme , Doctor Who . Within the context of the series , the Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth 's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies as a means of self-preservation . This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating , with every emotion deleted from their minds . They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler ( the unofficial scientific advisor to the show ) and story editor Gerry Davis in 1966 , first appearing in the serial The Tenth Planet . They were featured numerous times , up until the show 's cancellation . Following the 2005 revival of the show , the Cybermen returned with a new origin story in a parallel universe , in the 2006 series ' two-parter `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' , and have been recurring villains again ever since . A further redesign took place in the 2013 episode `` Nightmare in Silver '' , showing technologically advanced Cybermen , the result of a merge between the Mondasian and Parallel universe Cybermen , depicted as being able to instantly upgrade themselves to fix flaws and weaknesses . The species also appeared in the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood in its fourth episode , `` Cyberwoman '' ( 2006 ) . Cybermen have also appeared in installments of the 2010 Doctor Who video game series The Adventure Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9dd5071b3b9b88ce571cad9e6e2e70", "text": "Grinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss . He is best known as the main character of the children 's book How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( 1957 ) . The grumpy , anti-holiday spirit of the character has led to the term `` Grinch '' , which is probably derived from the French word grincheux which means `` grumpy '' , coming to refer to a person opposed to Christmas time celebrations or to someone with a coarse , greedy attitude . The Grinch has since become an icon of the winter holidays , despite the character 's hatred of the season , and has appeared on various forms of memorabilia such as Christmas ornaments , plush dolls , and various clothing items . In 2002 , TV Guide ranked The Grinch number 5 on its `` 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee94631c07c7613ee63d41dec3f08143", "text": "Sonic the Hedgehog is a video game franchise created and produced by Sega . The franchise centers on a series of speed-based platform games . The protagonist of the series is an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog named Sonic , whose peaceful life is often interrupted by the series ' main antagonist , Doctor Eggman . Typically , Sonic -- usually along with some of his friends , such as Tails , Amy , and Knuckles -- must stop Eggman and foil any plans of world domination . The first game in the series , released in 1991 , was conceived by Sega 's Sonic Team division after Sega requested a mascot character . The title was a success , it spawned many sequels , and it transformed Sega into a leading video game company during the 16-bit era in the early to mid -- 1990s . While the first games in the series were side-scrolling platform games , later games expanded the series into various other genre and sub-series , such as Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games and the Sonic Boom series . By 2016 , the series had sold over 80 million physical copies of games , and over 350 million units when combining packaged game software with mobile phone downloads . Outside of video games , the franchise has also been spun out into other media , including cartoons , anime , and a long-running comic book series , recognized as the longest running based on a video game by Guinness World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9823e86509c607915d31fcc5691a2df4", "text": "Monsieur Mallah Monsieur Mallah is a fictional character , a superintelligent anthropomorphic gorilla supervillain in the and the criminal and romantic partner of the Brain .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a40a6686039cf02514e00c0351197cf", "text": "Paul Pierce Paul Anthony Pierce ( born October 13 , 1977 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played 19 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Pierce was a high school McDonald 's All-American and earned All-America first team honors in his junior year at Kansas . Pierce spent the first fifteen years of his career with the Boston Celtics , who drafted him with the 10th overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft . He became a bone fide star as captain of the Celtics , earning ten All-Star nods and becoming a four-time All-NBA team member . After nine seasons of leading the Celtics as their sole star player , Pierce combined with Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen in 2007 to form a `` Big Three '' that together led Boston to the NBA Finals in 2008 and 2010 , winning the 2008 NBA Championship . Pierce was instrumental to the Celtics ' 2008 championship run , as he was awarded the Finals MVP after averaging 22 points per game . Pierce is one of only three players , alongside Larry Bird and John Havlicek , to score over 20,000 points in their career with the Celtics alone . He holds the Celtics ' record for most three-point field goals made and also ranks third in team history in games played , second in points scored , seventh in total rebounds , fifth in total assists , and first in total steals . He has also made the fourth most three-point field goals in NBA history , behind only Jason Terry , Reggie Miller and Ray Allen . His nickname , `` The Truth '' , was given to him by Shaquille O'Neal in March 2001 . In July 2013 , Pierce was included in a deal that sent him to the Brooklyn Nets , along with teammates Kevin Garnett and Jason Terry . He signed with the Washington Wizards the following offseason , but after just one season with the Wizards , he moved back home to Los Angeles and reunited with his former Celtics coach Doc Rivers at the Clippers . He spent two seasons with the Clippers before retiring following the 2016 -- 17 season .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "461e63d78946ce4cdef9d59fd7100f66", "text": "1972–73 New York Nets season The 1972 -- 73 New York Nets season was the sixth season of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90a17c1eb04c576543642a975ddfd40", "text": "Richie Guerin Richard Vincent `` Richie '' Guerin ( born May 29 , 1932 ) is a retired American professional basketball player and coach . The 6 ' 4 '' ( 1.93 m ) Guerin played with the National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) New York Knicks from 1956 to 1963 and was a player-coach of the St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks franchise where he spent nine years . On February 15 , 2013 , the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame announced that Guerin had been elected as one of its 2013 inductees . He served in the Marine Corps Reserve from 1947 to 1954 . While a reservist , Guerin attended Iona College from 1950 to 1954 where he scored 1,375 points in 67 games playing for coach Jim McDermott . After graduation , Guerin served on active duty at Marine Corps Schools , Quantico , Virginia for two years . The Knicks drafted Guerin with the 8th pick in the second round of the 1954 NBA draft while still on active duty . After leaving the Marine Corps , Guerin would begin his professional basketball career in 1956 . As a high-scoring point guard in the late 1950s and early 1960s , Richie Guerin was one of the most talented and best-loved players ever to wear a New York Knicks jersey . His feisty on-court style and wisecracking off-court demeanor played well to Madison Square Garden crowds . Guerin was a machinelike scorer , a gifted passer , a smart playmaker , and one of the best rebounding and driving guards of his era . He led the Knicks in assists for five consecutive seasons and in scoring three times during his seven full seasons in the Big Apple , and he tallied more than 20 points per game in four consecutive years . The explosive Guerin also set Knicks single-game records for scoring , with 57 points in 1959 , and assists , with 21 in 1958 . His 57-point game stood as a Knicks record until Bernard King scored 60 on Christmas Day in 1984 . A fan and media favorite , Guerin played in six consecutive NBA All-Star Games . As a team , however , New York struggled , reaching the playoffs only once during Guerin 's tenure . He was traded to the St. Louis Hawks midway through the 1963 -- 64 season and spent the next eight years as the team 's player-coach and then head coach . With St. Louis ( and eventually Atlanta ) , Guerin played alongside such greats as Bob Pettit , Lou Hudson , Lenny Wilkens , and Cliff Hagan . Guerin helped the Hawks to nine consecutive playoff appearances and was named NBA Coach of the Year for 1967 -- 68 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf09ced7d6eddca82fc7763707adb0d", "text": "1976 ABA Dispersal Draft On August 5 , 1976 , as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger , the NBA hosted a dispersal draft to select players from the Kentucky Colonels and Spirits of St. Louis , the two American Basketball Association ( ABA ) franchises that were not included in the ABA -- NBA merger . The eighteen NBA teams and the four ABA teams that joined the NBA , the Denver Nuggets , Indiana Pacers , New York Nets and San Antonio Spurs , were allowed to participate in the draft . The teams selected in reverse order of their win -- loss percentage in the previous NBA and ABA seasons . The team that made a selection paid for the signing rights to the player , which were set by the league 's committee . The money from the draft was used to help the four ABA teams that merged with the NBA to pay off some of their obligations to the two folded ABA franchises , the Colonels and Spirits . The team that made a selection was obligated to assume the player 's ABA contract . The players who were not selected would become free agents . Twenty players from the Colonels and the Spirits were available for the draft . Eleven were selected in the first round and the twelfth player was selected in the second round . Eight players were not selected and thus became a free agent . The Chicago Bulls used the first pick to select five-time ABA All-Star Artis Gilmore with a signing price of $ 1,100,000 . The Portland Trail Blazers , who acquired the Atlanta Hawks ' second pick , selected Maurice Lucas and Moses Malone with signing price of $ 300,000 and $ 350,000 respectively . Marvin Barnes , who was selected fourth by the Detroit Pistons was the second most expensive player in the draft with a signing price of $ 500,000 . Several teams elected to pass their first-round picks and only the Kansas City Kings used the second-round pick . The draft continued until the third round , but no other players were selected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ce6a8cbb67b86a0a271ef00046a6d4", "text": "1989–90 New Jersey Nets season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the Nets ' 23rd season in the National Basketball Association , and 14th season in East Rutherford , New Jersey . The Nets decided to start the rebuilding process by acquiring Sam Bowie from the Portland Trail Blazers on draft day . Under new head coach Bill Fitch , they started the season winning their first two games , but went on to lose eleven of their next twelves games , including a nine-game losing streak . The Nets struggled all season long posting a 14-game losing streak between January and February , and losing eleven consecutive games in March . They lost their final seven games of the season , finishing last place in the Atlantic Division with a league worst record at 17 -- 65 . Following the season , Dennis Hopson was traded to the Chicago Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c09dd0e1b78910b5a38c81b2105ea30", "text": "List of all-time NBA win-loss records The following is a listing of all 30 current National Basketball Association ( NBA ) teams ranked by win-loss record percentage , accurate as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 NBA season . The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team 's playing time in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) , despite the 1976 NBA-ABA merger . The San Antonio Spurs have the highest win-loss record percentage , with . The Minnesota Timberwolves have the lowest win-loss record percentage , with . The Boston Celtics have recorded the most wins , with 3,274 , while the Sacramento Kings have recorded the most losses at 2,955 . The Boston Celtics lead the association with the most played games , with 5,560 . Conversely , the Pelicans have played the least overall games , with 1,132 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44f4b76b43c0eb11b3074820c5c9d801", "text": "1986–87 New Jersey Nets season The 1986 -- 87 NBA season was the Nets ' 11th season in the NBA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "571887dc706d160cf59155db823b934d", "text": "George Bucci George P. `` The King '' Bucci Jr. ( born July 9 , 1953 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played collegiately for the Manhattan College . He was selected by the Buffalo Braves in the 3rd round ( 52nd pick overall ) of the 1975 NBA draft and by the New York Nets in the 1975 ABA Draft . He played for the New York Nets ( 1975 -- 76 ) in the ABA for 33 games , Nets won the ABA championship that season . From 1977 until 1992 he played in the Lega Basket Serie A In the 1990s he was elected to political office , as councilman and later supervisor of the Town of Newburgh , New York . His uncle , Paul , resides in Wildwood , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b2df5d7dd8645fcf489b57ab85ff49b", "text": "Richard Rinaldi Richard P. `` Rich '' Rinaldi ( born August 3 , 1949 ) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected 43rd overall by the Baltimore Bullets in the 1971 NBA Draft . A 6 ' 3 '' guard from St. Peter 's College in Jersey City , N.J. , Rinaldi played for the Bullets from 1971 -- 1973 and the Capital Bullets-NY Nets ( ABA ) from 1973 -- 1974 . Rinaldi 's most successful NBA season came in 1972 -- 73 , when he averaged 8.5 points and 2.1 rebounds in 33 games for the Bullets . Born in Poughkeepsie , New York , Rinaldi attended F.D. Roosevelt High School in Hyde Park , New York and was an All-American player at St. Peter 's , where he played from 1967 -- 71 . As a senior at St. Peter 's in 1970 -- 71 , Rinaldi averaged 28.6 points per game , which was the nation 's 6th highest scoring average that season . He ended his professional career in Europe , playing in Italy and Switzerland from 1976 -- 1982 . Rich currently serves as a career counselor for the NBPA/NBA Career Development Program , where he has worked since 2000 . The program assists current NBA players who are interested in preparing for life after basketball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68294879010bffe00dfed2e4a1c615fe", "text": "Paul Nowak (basketball) Paul Nowak ( March 14 , 1914 -- January 10 , 1983 ) was an American basketball player . He was a three-time All-American at Notre Dame and was an early professional in the National Basketball League . Nowak , a center , played at South Bend Central High School and Notre Dame . He played for Hall of Fame coach George Keogan and with fellow All-American teammate John Moir and future coaches Ray Meyer and George Ireland . The squad went 22-2-1 in 1936 and was later named national champions by the Helms Athletic Foundation . After his collegiate career , Nowak played professionally for the Akron Firestone Non-Skids with former Notre Dame teammate John Moir , leading the team to two National Basketball League titles in 1939 and 1940 . Nowak later played for the Toledo Jim Whites Chevrolets , Rochester Royals , and Philadelphia Sphas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486f695fce12a64f543b702cdbd50e50", "text": "2000–01 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2000 -- 01 NBA season was the 33rd season for the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association . With the hopes of improving the team in the middle , the Sonics acquired All-Star center Patrick Ewing from the New York Knicks during the offseason . However , the Sonics would get off to a slow start losing seven of their first ten games . Head coach Paul Westphal was fired after a 6 -- 9 start , and was replaced with former Sonics guard Nate McMillan . The Sonics played above .500 for the remainder of the season finishing fifth in the Pacific Division with a 44 -- 38 record , missing the playoffs by finishing tenth place in the Western Conference . During the All-Star Weekend in Washington , D.C. , Gary Payton was selected for the All-Star Game and rookie Desmond Mason won the Slam Dunk Contest . It was Ewing 's only season in a Sonics uniform as he left for the Orlando Magic the next season . Also following the season , Ruben Patterson signed as a free agent with the Portland Trail Blazers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14593df965b07114c46c7e622100c50a", "text": "Guy Sparrow (basketball) Guy Paul Joseph Sparrow ( born November 2 , 1932 ) , nicknamed `` The Bird '' , is a former American National Basketball Association player . He was drafted in 1955 with the fifth pick in the third round by the New York Knicks . In his first season with the Knicks , Guy averaged 11.1 points and 6.4 rebounds per game . During his second NBA season , Guy was traded to the Philadelphia Warriors for Jack George . In his second season , Guy averaged 5.0 points and 3.6 rebounds per game . In Guy 's final NBA season , he averaged 2.7 points per game and 2.1 rebounds a game for the Warriors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a278c05995841a45dc5165150ee47b", "text": "1994 NBA Finals The 1994 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1993 -- 94 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , featuring the Western Conference 's Houston Rockets defeating the Eastern Conference 's New York Knicks . This matchup was Hakeem Olajuwon 's second NBA Finals appearance , his other being in 1986 , where Larry Bird and the Boston Celtics defeated the Houston Rockets four games to two . The series was Patrick Ewing 's first NBA Finals appearance . The Rockets came in with strong determination to win not only the franchise 's first NBA championship , but the city 's first championship in a league that still existed , while the Knicks were looking to add a third NBA championship trophy , as the Knicks ' last trophy came from the 1973 NBA Finals . The Knicks also hoped to impress their new owners Viacom , who had just bought Paramount Communications ( formerly Gulf + Western ) , their longtime owners ( after the series however , Viacom sold the Knicks and the rest of the Madison Square Garden properties ) . The series was hailed as a meeting of the two great centers who had previously played for a championship in college . In 1984 while Olajuwon was with the University of Houston and Ewing was with Georgetown University , Georgetown had beaten Houston 84 -- 75 in the 1984 NCAA Championship game . In this series , however , Olajuwon outperformed Ewing , outscoring him in every game of the series and posting numbers of 26.9 ppg on 50.0 % shooting compared to Ewing 's 18.9 ppg on 36.3 % shooting . However , Ewing set an NBA finals record in the series with a total of 30 blocks , and he tied the single-game record of 8 blocks in Game 5 . Tim Duncan would later set the record for most blocks in a Finals series ( 2003 ) with 32 blocks in six games while Dwight Howard would set the record for most blocked shots in a Finals game with 9 blocked shots in Game 4 of the 2009 Finals while with the Orlando Magic . During the series , the Houston Rockets played seven low-scoring , defensive games against the New York Knicks . After splitting the first two games in Houston , the Knicks won two out of three games at Madison Square Garden , which also hosted the Rangers first Stanley Cup celebration in 54 years during the series . In Game 6 , however , Rockets center Hakeem Olajuwon blocked a last-second championship-winning shot attempt by John Starks , giving the Rockets an 86 -- 84 victory and forcing a Game 7 , which made Knicks Coach Pat Riley the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach in a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having been with the Los Angeles Lakers in and . In addition , the Knicks set a record for most playoff games played in one season , with 25 . The Detroit Pistons tied this record in . The Boston Celtics , coached by Doc Rivers , would surpass it during their championship season of 2008 when they played 26 . The Rockets beat the Knicks in Game 7 , 90 -- 84 , enabling the city of Houston to not only celebrate its first NBA and fifth professional sports championship ( first in an existing league ) , but also deny New York from having both NBA and NHL championships in the same year ( Chicago had suffered this fate in 1992 , with the Bulls winning their second NBA championship and the Blackhawks losing in the Stanley Cup Finals ) . For his efforts Olajuwon was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . For the Knicks , Riley had the unfortunate distinction of having become the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach to lose a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having lost to the Celtics in 1984 . It also denied him the distinction of being the first coach to win a Game 7 NBA Finals with two different teams , having defeated the Detroit Pistons in 1988 . NBC Sports used Ahmad Rashād ( Knicks sideline ) and Hannah Storm ( Rockets sideline ) . Hal Douglas narrated the season-ending documentary Clutch City for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95173a7f0183de1fc0cc81c0e99a4a44", "text": "Jerome Kersey Jerome Kersey ( June 26 , 1962 -- February 18 , 2015 ) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played for the Portland Trail Blazers ( 1984 -- 1995 ) , Golden State Warriors ( 1995 -- 96 ) , Los Angeles Lakers ( 1996 -- 97 ) , Seattle SuperSonics ( 1997 -- 98 ) , San Antonio Spurs ( 1998 -- 2000 ) , and Milwaukee Bucks ( 2000 -- 01 ) . The Trail Blazers selected Kersey in the second round of the 1984 NBA draft from Longwood University ( then Longwood College ) in Farmville , Virginia . He was a member of the Spurs during their 1999 NBA Finals victory over the New York Knicks . Following his playing career , Kersey worked with his former Portland teammate and then-head coach of the Milwaukee Bucks Terry Porter as an assistant in 2005 . Kersey died from a pulmonary embolism caused by a blood clot at his home in Tualatin , Oregon on February 18 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0febef0b918ea39712c27b2be23c1b2", "text": "Dražen Petrović Dražen Petrović ( -LSB- drǎʒɛn pɛ̌trɔʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; October 22 , 1964 -- June 7 , 1993 ) was a Croatian professional basketball player . A shooting guard , he initially achieved success playing professional basketball in Europe in the 1980s , before joining the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in 1989 . A star on multiple stages , Petrović earned two silver medals and one bronze in Olympic basketball , a gold and a bronze in the FIBA World Cup , a gold and a bronze in the FIBA EuroBasket , and two EuroLeague titles . He represented Yugoslavia 's national team and , later , Croatia 's national team . He earned four Euroscars , and was named Mr. Europa twice . In 1985 , he received the Golden Badge award for best athlete of Yugoslavia . Seeking a bigger arena after his career start in Europe , Petrović joined the NBA in 1989 , as a member of the Portland Trail Blazers . After playing mostly off the bench that year , Petrović experienced a breakthrough following a trade to the New Jersey Nets . While starting for the Nets , he became one of the league 's best shooting guards and was in consideration for being the best shooter ever . Petrović 's career and life were cut short after he died in a car accident at the age of 28 . Petrović is considered the crucial part of the vanguard to the present-day mass influx of European players into the NBA . Petrović 's # 3 was retired by the Nets in 1993 , and in 2002 , he was posthumously enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . In 2013 , he was voted the best European Basketball player in history , by players at the 2013 FIBA EuroBasket .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "197efa53fe10e64df35d1213dbba9d3f", "text": "Wayne Embry Wayne Richard Embry ( born March 26 , 1937 ) is a retired American basketball player & basketball executive . Embry 's 11-year playing career as a center/forward spanned from 1958 to 1969 playing for the Cincinnati Royals , Boston Celtics and Milwaukee Bucks , all of the NBA . After his playing career , Embry transitioned to a career as a professional basketball executive , becoming the first African-American general manager & team president in NBA history . Since 2004 , Embry has served as a senior basketball advisor for the Toronto Raptors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd238805e74f5469e408397964033097", "text": "1998–99 Miami Heat season The 1998 -- 99 NBA season was the 11th season for the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association . During the offseason , the Heat signed free agents Terry Porter and Clarence Weatherspoon . In the shortened NBA season , the Heat won 18 of their first 23 games , despite Jamal Mashburn playing just 24 games due to a knee injury , and Voshon Lenard missing 38 games with a broken leg . Miami finished with a 33 -- 17 win-loss record , which earned them the # 1 seed in the Eastern Conference . Alonzo Mourning was named Defensive Player of the Year , and finished second in MVP voting behind Karl Malone of the Utah Jazz . In the playoffs , the Heat faced the New York Knicks for the third consecutive time . The 8th-seeded Knicks defeated the Heat in the Eastern Conference First round , with Allan Houston of New York hitting a buzzer-beater basket in the winner-take-all Game 5 , which prevailed the Knicks over Miami , 78 -- 77 . This was also their final full season playing at the Miami Arena . Following the season , Porter signed as a free agent with the San Antonio Spurs , and longtime Heat forward Keith Askins retired .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e8b297360ebc066af4a4b015a35313c6", "text": "Drake (musician) Aubrey Drake Graham ( born October 24 , 1986 ) better known by the stage name Drake , is a Canadian rapper , singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi : The Next Generation in the early 2000s . Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper , he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape , Room for Improvement . He released two further independent projects , Comeback Season and So Far Gone , before signing to Lil Wayne 's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009 . Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010 , which debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . His next two releases were 2011 's Take Care and 2013 's Nothing Was the Same , with certifications of quadruple and triple platinum respectively in the U.S. , with the former also earning him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . They were followed by two mixtapes , with the trap-influenced If You 're Reading This It 's Too Late , and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive , in 2015 , which both also earned platinum certification in the U.S. Drake released his fourth album , Views , in 2016 , breaking several chart records in the process . The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks , becoming the first album by a solo male to do so in over 10 years . Its single `` One Dance '' topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist . This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks , coming close to a record held by Whitney Houston . It achieved quadruple platinum status in the U.S. , and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release . The single `` Hotline Bling '' secured him his second and third Grammy win , for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , at the organization 's 59th ceremony . Drake released the multi-genre More Life in 2017 . Described by Drake as a playlist , it was his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200 , and set multiple streaming records . Drake owns several Billboard chart records . He has the most charted songs ( 154 ) among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week ( 24 ) , and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week ( 21 ) . Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs , Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , Drake has won three Juno Awards and six American Music Awards . Drake has developed other ventures , including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . Drake acts as a producer , producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi . Using the `` OVO '' moniker , Drake has his own clothing line and his own program on Beats 1 Radio . He is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise , the Toronto Raptors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "108cbd6761de39404212230f16b95490", "text": "Atlantic Canadian English Atlantic Canadian English is the class of Canadian English dialects spoken in the Atlantic provinces of Canada and notably distinct from Standard Canadian English . The set of dialects comprises Canadian Maritime English ( or Maritimer English ) and Newfoundland English . It is heavily influenced by British and Irish English , as well as Acadian French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e2386492e00c845b7c1a6a3eed20ca", "text": "Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia . Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af962658f400387ab3e6ae40c9b8de54", "text": "French Montana Karim Kharbouch ( born November 9 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name French Montana , is an American hip hop recording artist . Born in Morocco , he immigrated to the United States with his family when he was 13 years old . He is the founder of Coke Boys Records , and its predecessor Cocaine City Records . In 2012 , he signed a joint-venture recording deal with Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group . Montana has collaborated with record producer Harry Fraud and rapper Max B before his conviction . More recently he collaborated with Rick Ross , Diddy and his MMG and Bad Boy labelmates along with his Coke Boys which include the late Chinx , Lil Durk , and his brother Zack . French made his mixtape debut in 2007 , and released his debut studio album Excuse My French on May 21 , 2013 . In 2003 , he survived a gunshot to the head . Allegedly blackballed by radio and media in his earlier career stemming from his stint with Max B , in 2010 , he had his breakthrough with `` Choppa Choppa Down '' . In 2012 , his single `` Shot Caller '' was one of the most added tracks on urban contemporary radio in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fe19977117d9dcdeb47b89504deca81", "text": "Radio Radio (band) Radio Radio is a Canadian electro hip-hop band formed in 2007 from Clare , Nova Scotia , Canada . The duo rap in Chiac , an English-influenced variety of Acadian French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71879b0f5853cf4c8f457ac25cfeda65", "text": "The Hills (song) `` The Hills '' is a song by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released on May 27 , 2015 as the second single from his second studio album , Beauty Behind the Madness ( 2015 ) . `` The Hills '' was a critical success , appearing on several year-end lists . In the singer 's native Canada , the song peaked at number one . In the United States it also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , replacing his own `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . The song also made the top 10 in the United Kingdom , Ireland , Germany , Australia , and New Zealand . It reached the top 20 in Denmark and Sweden while reaching the top 40 in The Netherlands , Norway , and Switzerland . A music video for the song was released on May 27 , 2015 . It was directed by Grant Singer . Two official remixes of the song features rappers Eminem and Nicki Minaj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ef96ce10df7d2521b4d69056aa27b6", "text": "Music of the Drakengard series The music for the Drakengard series , known as in Japan , has been handled by multiple composers since the release of the original game in 2004 . Drakengards composers were Nobuyoshi Sano and Takayuki Aihara , Drakengard 2 was handled by Ryoki Matsumoto and Aoi Yoshiki , and Drakengard 3 was composed for by Keiichi Okabe , the composer for series spin-off Nier . Sano remained as a sound director for the second game , and his music was used as a reference for the third . Multiple albums have been released for the music of the series : Drag-On Dragoon Original Soundtrack Vol .1 and Vol .2 were released on October and November 2004 , while a two-disc re-release titled Drag-On Dragoon Original Soundtrack was released in April 2011 . The Drag-On Dragoon 2 Original Soundtrack was released on July 20 , 2005 . A promotional disc with two tracks from the soundtrack was released in the same year . The official soundtrack for the third game , Drag-On Dragoon 3 Original Soundtrack , was released January 21 , 2014 . An compilation of chiptune remixes of the previous games and Nier , Drag-On Dragoon Chips Music , was released on December 19 , 2013 as part of the Drag-On Dragoon 10 Anniversary Box . The series has also received theme songs from multiple Japanese pop artists , all of which have been released as singles . A re-orchestration of Mika Nakashima 's single `` Hitori '' was used as the theme for Drakengard 2 , incorporating elements from the game . Two theme songs were written for Drakengard 3 : `` Kuroi Uta '' and `` This Silence is Mine '' . The former was sung by Eir Aoi , a fan of the series , and written by Nier writer Kikuchi Hana . The latter was specially written and sung by Onitsuka Chihiro , who created the song around the themes and characters of the game . Both songs were composed by Okabe . All three singles have been in the top 40 best-selling singles in the Japanese Oricon music charts . The soundtracks have received mixed to positive reviews from both dedicated video game music outlets and video game critics . The first game was noted for its disturbing style , which both drew criticism for repetitiveness and praise for suiting the game 's atmosphere . It has been generally cited as an experimental soundtrack . The second game 's soundtrack received a more positive reception , with the general opinion being that it was a more traditional and consequently more comfortable soundtrack . The third game 's soundtrack also received fairly positive comments , mainly praising its quality , although critiques were made concerning its variety . The chiptune compilation was generally liked , except for its exclusivity to the special release . The singles have also received praise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d35d02466ea7df6d5e356bc8870ff6", "text": "History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League African Americans have played prominent roles in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and its precursors since 1946 . In many cases black Americans have been able to pursue professional football opportunities in the CFL that were for one reason or another unavailable in the United States . Especially in the mid-20th century , many African American players came to Canada to avoid the racially charged atmosphere of segregation-era America . For many years , blacks were better represented in the CFL than they were in the National Football League ( NFL ) , and achieved a number of `` firsts '' in the CFL years before the same was accomplished in the NFL . More recently , the CFL has provided opportunities for black , as well as other , Americans unable to break into the NFL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1304c3d9545e8476208493504deb16b1", "text": "Matt Drake '' ` Matthew Drake Drake was born on 6 May 1981 . He received classical guitar lessons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec1333835c0f494f29e182222cf20bd", "text": "Drake videography The following list contains the videography for Drake , including his own music videos and videos that feature him . The first video Drake ever appeared in was Jenna 's music video for her single `` Change You '' released in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80cb69102b21fe951ad69450ab07466", "text": "Come and See Me `` Come and See Me '' is a song by Canadian recording artist PartyNextDoor , released as a single on March 23 , 2016 . The song , which was produced by frequent OVO Sound collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib and features guest vocals from Canadian recording artist Drake , was released as the first single from his second studio album , PartyNextDoor 3 ( 2016 ) . `` Come and See Me '' has peaked at number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming PartyNextDoor 's highest-charting single so far . It received a nomination for Best R&B Song at the 59th Grammy Awards in February 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3969937f5bbddf19576bb1ea2b03352c", "text": "Furthest Thing `` Furthest Thing '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake , recorded for his studio album Nothing Was the Same . The track was written by Drake , Anthony Palman , Noah `` 40 '' Shebib , Marvin `` Hagler '' Thomas and Adrian Eccleston , and produced by 40 , Thomas and Jake One . It reached number 191 in France , number 95 in the UK , and number 56 on the US Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10610ac4df05498cda90ffac7f701f9d", "text": "Canada Dry Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks owned since 2008 by the Texas-based Dr Pepper Snapple Group . For over a century , Canada Dry has been known for its ginger ale , though the company also manufactures a number of other soft drinks and mixers . Although Canada Dry originated in Canada , it is now produced in many countries around the globe , including the United States , Mexico , Colombia , the Middle East , Europe and Japan . The `` Dry '' in the brand 's name refers to not being sweet , as in a dry wine . When John J. McLaughlin , who first formulated `` Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale '' , originally made his new soft drink , it was far less sweet than other ginger ales then available ; as a result , he labelled it `` dry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25272c53fd712efd4d535c008d313ee", "text": "Canada (band) Canada is an American indie folk-pop music group from Ann Arbor , Michigan . Its songs are generally acoustic and feature guitars , drums , cellos , glockenspiels , melodicas , rhodes piano , organ and accordions . The group is known for its group vocals and harmonies and energetic live shows where members switch instruments between songs . `` With a blend of pop , folk , and country , Canada keeps an even keel with amazing melodies and even more engaging instrumentation , never becoming tiresome or trite in its mission to craft the perfect pop song ... They have made what could very well be the best pop album to come out of the ever-fruitful Detroit music scene in 2006 , and considering the quality of the competition , that 's no small praise . '' The band , composed of long-time friends , formed in late 2004 and self-released the six song How Dare You EP in July 2005 . Soon after , they were approached by indie Michigan label Quite Scientific and soon signed with them to record a full length album . Recording took place during the fall and winter of 2005 in Lansing , Michigan on a soundboard originally used to mix portions of the second and third Star Wars films . The band released its first album , This Cursed House , in June 2006 . The album became the No. 1 most-added album in college radio for June 20 , 2006 , and later climbed to No. 13 on the CMJ Radio Top 200 ( CMJ New Music Report , Issue 971 ) . Canada proceeded to embark on a series of tours with friends Page France ( Suicide Squeeze ) , Saturday Looks Good To Me ( Polyvinyl ) Headlights ( Polyvinyl ) , and Margot and the Nuclear So and So 's . Joe , Ryan , and Aaron ( Shaul ) became brief members of Saturday Looks Good To Me during this time , playing bass , drums , and glockenspiel respectively . Ryan later became a more permanent member with the group and toured with them as their drummer during their 2007 US and European tours . Canada also performed at the 2006 Pygmalion Music Festival in Champaign-Urbana , the 2006/7/8 CMJ Music Marathon in New York City and SXSW 2006/7 in Austin . Canada embarked on its longest ( 8 week ) nationwide tour in the summer of 2007 . The band was prepping the release of their second full-length ( which would have been called Put Singing Birds Into Your Messy Hair ) , when creative , scheduling , and recording issues put a halt to production in late 2008 . The band currently has no plans to re-unite , despite several offers for reunion concerts in Southeastern Michigan , however their second record may become available digitally sometime in the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f862db2271d58e90f7535e42abcebf7", "text": "McCain Foods McCain Foods Limited is a Canadian multi-national privately owned company that was established in 1957 in Florenceville , New Brunswick , Canada . It is one of the world 's largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and other potato specialties . It is also held as one of Canada 's best managed companies with a platinum status recognizing their business performance and efforts throughout their organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f31e5c2f938f52043d949c15d2635373", "text": "David Drake (actor) David Drake ( born June 27 , 1963 ) is an American playwright , stage director , actor and author . He is best known as the author and original performer of The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me , for which he received a Village Voice Obie Award , a 1994 Drama-Logue Award for `` Outstanding Solo Performance , '' and a Robbie Stevens Frontiers Magazine Award for the same . Nominations include a 1994 LA Weekly Theater Award and a Lambda Literary Award nomination for `` Best New Play of 1994 '' ( published by Anchor Books ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9559a2faef222d04d68b655730246c", "text": "Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20b175428d8f20aa49be7fa876ed209", "text": "The Toronto Song `` The Toronto Song '' is a comedy song by Canadian comedy group Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie . It is one of many songs ( including `` The White House Burned ( The War of 1812 ) '' ) the Trolls recorded that are often mistakenly attributed to The Arrogant Worms . Originally on the Con Troupo Comedius cassette tape , `` The Toronto Song '' also appears on the CD Skit Happens , a greatest hits collection of Three Dead Trolls skits . Before the tape , the song had spread across Canada but most listeners did n't know the song 's name . It was ( and still is ) often believed to be called `` Toronto Sucks '' , `` The Ontario Song '' , or `` Ontario Sucks '' . The song starts with the Trolls ( who are from Edmonton , Alberta ) saying how much they hate the city of Toronto , its people , shanty towns , and landmarks . They then realize they hate all of Ontario , and finally all of Canada ( minus Alberta , but including Calgary ) . The criticisms of other parts of Canada range from practical ( `` Prince Edward Island is too small '' ) to absurd ( `` Manitoba 's population density is 1.9 people per square kilometre . Is n't that stupid ? '' ) . The song is primarily poking fun at the popular Canadian activity of insulting Toronto and to a lesser extent Albertan pride and the Edmonton-Calgary rivalry . The song was recorded with only a couple guitars . Later , a remake of the song , entitled `` The Toronto Song 2001 '' , had a full band performing the music and included a guitar solo and different banter . It was featured in the mockumentary film Let 's All Hate Toronto . One minor error in the song is a mention of `` the Ontario Zoo '' , which does not exist . Toronto does have a zoo , but it is called the Toronto Zoo . This is corrected in the 2001 remake where the lyric is changed to `` Metro Zoo '' ( the zoo was originally called the `` Metropolitan Toronto Zoo '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f22f9e02749f595fea9c8642f39408ce", "text": "Jack Drake (disambiguation) Jack Drake is a fictional character in Batman . Jack Drake is also the name of : Jack Drake ( politician ) ( 1934 -- 2015 ) , Iowa State Representative Jack Drake ( footballer ) ( 1904 -- 1941 ) , Australian rules footballer John Drake Sloat , claimed California for the U.S.A.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc21c1c227964a84f958085b53411435", "text": "Miss Me `` Miss Me '' is the third single by Canadian recording artist Drake from his debut album Thank Me Later . The song features label mate and Young Money founder Lil Wayne . It was produced by Drake 's long-time collaborators Boi-1da and 40 . It debuted and peaked at number fifteen on Billboard , becoming the third consecutive track to attain chart success from the album . On March 30 , 2011 , the track was certified Gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "93865540711ce661e8fd7fb8196f4270", "text": "Brad Pitt William Bradley Pitt ( born December 18 , 1963 ) is an American actor and producer . He has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment . Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) . His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It ( 1992 ) and Legends of the Fall ( 1994 ) , and Interview with the Vampire ( 1994 ) . He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys ( both 1995 ) , the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination . Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club ( 1999 ) and the heist film Ocean 's Eleven ( 2001 ) and its sequels , Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) and Ocean 's Thirteen ( 2007 ) . His greatest commercial successes have been Troy ( 2004 ) , Mr. & Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , and World War Z ( 2013 ) . Pitt received his second and third Academy Award nominations for his leading performances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( 2008 ) and Moneyball ( 2011 ) . He produced The Departed ( 2006 ) and 12 Years a Slave ( 2013 ) , both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture , and also The Tree of Life , Moneyball , and The Big Short ( 2015 ) , all of which garnered Best Picture nominations . As a public figure , Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most attractive man , by various media outlets . His personal life is also the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston , to whom he was married for five years , he has been married to actress Angelina Jolie since 2014 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally . In September 2016 , Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d63ca905c552297472614f780021dc", "text": "Near Dark Near Dark is a 1987 American western horror film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by her and Eric Red . The story follows a young man in a small midwestern town who becomes involved with a family of nomadic American vampires . Starring then little-known actors Adrian Pasdar and Jenny Wright , the film was part of a revival of serious vampire movies in the late 1980s . Despite the film 's poor performance at the box office upon release , critic reviews were very positive . Over the years , the film has garnered a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b32b7cb8248c99edfafd4935ab135311", "text": "The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires is a 1974 horror film produced by Hammer Studios and Shaw Brothers Studio . It is the ninth and final film in the Hammer Dracula series . It was released in North America in an edited version as The Seven Brothers Meet Dracula , and alternatively known as The Seven Brothers and Their One Sister Meet Dracula . The film is notable for having an actor other than Christopher Lee portray Count Dracula in the Hammer Dracula series ; before this film was made , Lee left the role of the Count . The role of Dracula is played by John Forbes-Robertson ( though the actor 's voice is dubbed by David de Keyser ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8b21eec585289fceef9b31c6e8c4bb7", "text": "Ian Somerhalder Ian Joseph Somerhalder ( born December 8 , 1978 ) is an American actor , model and director . He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in The CW 's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c41bf4057141d1f2ff911fa93423668", "text": "Vampire Academy Vampire Academy is an American best-selling series of six young adult paranormal romance novels by author Richelle Mead . It tells the story of Rosemarie `` Rose '' Hathaway , a seventeen/eighteen-year-old Dhampir girl , who is training to be a guardian of her Moroi best friend , Vasilisa `` Lissa '' Dragomir . In the process of learning how to defeat Strigoi ( the evil undead vampires ) in St. Vladimir 's Academy , Rose finds herself caught in a forbidden romance with her instructor , Dimitri Belikov , while having an unbreakable psychic bond with Lissa . The first book in the series , Vampire Academy , was published in 2007 ; it was followed by Frostbite in 2008 . The third book in the series , Shadow Kiss was published also in 2008 , and the fourth book , Blood Promise , was published in 2009 . The fifth book , Spirit Bound , and the sixth book , Last Sacrifice , were released in 2010 . As of 2013 , the series has sold 8 million copies in 35 countries . The first in the series was adapted into a movie directed by Mark Waters , starring Zoey Deutch , Lucy Fry , Danila Kozlovsky , Olga Kurylenko , Gabriel Byrne and was released by The Weinstein Company on February 7 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd6e21f02550e053ed4dcaa3f76cecf8", "text": "Dracula 2012 Dracula 2012 ( released in Tamil as Naangam Pirai and in Telugu as Punnami Ratri ) is a 2013 Indian 3-D horror film directed by Vinayan , starring Sudheer Sukumaran , Prabhu , Monal Gajjar , Nassar , Shraddha Das and Thilakan . The film was shot in the Malayalam , Telugu , and Tamil languages simultaneously , with additional scenes and songs featuring Tamil and Telugu actors . The film was dubbed in English for a Western release and later dubbed in Hindi as `` Aur Ek Dracula '' . Portions of the film were shot in Bran Castle in Romania . The cost of the film was 120 million and was originally released on 8 February 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353fec1ed78ecfb31b040105b7fadf36", "text": "Vampires (soundtrack) Vampires is a soundtrack by John Carpenter for the 1998 film of the same name . It was released in 1998 through Milan Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cc629c4b08a56570613e82319539e10", "text": "Pitty Priscilla Novaes Leone ( born October 7 , 1977 in Salvador , Bahia ) , better known as Pitty , is a Brazilian rock singer . She had played in two bands , Shes and Inkoma , before starting her solo career in 2003 . She has sold over 2 million copies in her career , being one of the best selling rock artists in the 2000s . Pitty was voted the sexiest rock singer of Latin America and Brazil , and the 35th sexiest rock singer in the world in 2010 . Rock in Rio 2011 already has some big names on the Brazilian scene boundary , Pitty is one of them , according to the organizer Roberta Medina , daughter of businessman Roberto Medina , vice president of the event . She was the most awarded Brazilian rock artist of the 2000s . Pitty won several awards at the MTV Video Music Brazil , among them Artist of the Year twice , Video of the Year , Best Live Performance , and three times as the lead singer of the Dream Band . Pitty won approximately 51 awards during her seven-year career , a record . In 2011 Pitty gave an interview to a live social network , Orkut , talking about the launch of its new DVD , thus inaugurating , Orkut Live where you have exclusive interviews with celebrities . She also made 10 songs from the DVD A Trupe Delirante No Circo Voador available YouTube on 10/05 . This was the first time that an entry uses two of the main platforms of Google in Brazil , Orkut and YouTube . In 2011 Pitty appeared on position 14 of Billboard magazines Social 50 chart , the highest debut for a national artist in the chart . She also reached the third position in the magazines Uncharted chart , overcoming Luan Santana and becoming the most influential Brazilian on the Web . In 2014 Pitty announced that his main band is back , with shows already confirmed by the band 's production . So it was announced by the british producer Tim Palmer in social networks , revealing the end of the mix of singles of the new album , which was released on June 2014 in ( CD and vinyl ) . The set includes 10 songs , all unpublished and authored by singer Pitty . `` SETEVIDAS '' features the production of Rafael Ramos and the mix of Tim Palmer who has produced singles by Pearl Jam , Ozzy Osbourne , The Cure , David Bowie and U2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dda21629aa9e6ba9e8dd2455f10f3f9c", "text": "Grave of the Vampire Grave of the Vampire is a 1972 American horror film directed by John Hayes . The film is also known as Seed of Terror ( American reissue title ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b7a94fe908974e10ce843b3b791a07c", "text": "Dracula: The Dark Prince Dracula : The Dark Prince is a 2013 American fantasy horror film directed by Pearry Reginald Teo and written by Nicole Jones-Dion and Steven Paul . The film stars Luke Roberts , Jon Voight , Kelly Wenham and Ben Robson . The film was shot in Romania and released on 15 October 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "566db7d28eec2d86d494e338906704d9", "text": "The Hollywood Vampires The Hollywood Vampires was a celebrity drinking club formed by Alice Cooper in the 1970s . The hazing to get into the club was to outdrink all the members . According to Cooper in the documentary Prime Cuts : `` The Speakeasy and Tramps were the place to be in London . There was a little loft at the Rainbow Bar and Grill in LA ( W. Hollywood ) , they only had that for the club . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "621d4243fcbc257a7c913f658b51b5e8", "text": "Nosferatu Nosferatu , eine Symphonie des Grauens ( translated as Nosferatu : A Symphony of Horror ; or simply Nosferatu ) is a 1922 German Expressionist horror film , directed by F. W. Murnau , starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok . The film , shot in 1921 and released in 1922 , was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from the novel : for instance , `` vampire '' became `` Nosferatu '' and `` Count Dracula '' became `` Count Orlok '' . Stoker 's heirs sued over the adaptation , and a court ruling ordered that all copies of the film be destroyed . However , a few prints of Nosferatu survived , and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema . As of 2017 , it is Rotten Tomatoes ' third-best reviewed horror film of all time . The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1929 , seven years after its original premiere in Germany , where it instantly became a hit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df24036d3feec8d03512a1fb5cd28bef", "text": "The Vampire Doll is a 1970 Japanese horror film directed by Michio Yamamoto . It was also known as Night of the Vampire ( international title ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d32b402323694723d38929bf37fb5a0", "text": "My Date with a Vampire III My Date with a Vampire III is a 2004 Hong Kong television series produced by ATV as a sequel to My Date with a Vampire ( 1998 ) and My Date with a Vampire II ( 2000 ) , but with a new story line that is different from the first two seasons . The series starred many cast members from the first two seasons . Like the first two seasons , My Date with a Vampire III also blends aspects of the Chinese `` hopping '' corpses of jiangshi fiction with those of western vampires , while injecting elements of Chinese mythology , eschatology and time travel , with more focus on Chinese mythology in this season as compared to the first two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e0c5bf1dd90c6ba3c9ed54e44fd36e", "text": "Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California . She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long . Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival . `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' . `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' . `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' . `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' . `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383bd34e66ef3baafab261e30cb49dcc", "text": "Peter Pitt Peter Pitt is a British film editor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dd9e122fd56b408e0198e990032eebb0", "text": "Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States , also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest , is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau , occupying the northern central part of the United States of America . It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984 . Although the region is often defined in a number of ways , the Census Bureau 's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States : Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin . Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least . A 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684 . The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions . The East North Central Division includes Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio and Wisconsin , all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region . The West North Central Division includes Iowa , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , North Dakota , Nebraska , and South Dakota , several of which are located at least partly , within the Great Plains region . Major rivers in the region include , from east to west , the Ohio River , the Upper Mississippi River , and the Missouri River . The region generally lies on the broad Interior Plain between the states occupying the Appalachian Mountain range and the states occupying the Rocky Mountain range . Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country . Other large Midwest cities include ( in order by population ) : Indianapolis , Columbus , Detroit , Milwaukee , Kansas City , Omaha , Minneapolis , Cleveland , Wichita and St. Louis . Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan statistical area with 9.8 million people , followed by Metro Detroit , Minneapolis -- St. Paul , Greater St. Louis , Greater Cleveland , Greater Cincinnati ( without the Kentucky portion ) , Kansas City metro area , and the Columbus metro area .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "75754dcc19812e7283c03405f26fe121", "text": "The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America The Lost Continent : Travels in Small-Town America is a book by travel writer Bill Bryson , chronicling his 13,978 mile trip around the United States in the autumn of 1987 and spring 1988 . It was Bryson 's first travel book . He begins his journey , made almost entirely by car , in his childhood hometown of Des Moines , Iowa , heading from there towards the Mississippi River , often reminiscing about his childhood in Iowa . The journey was made after his father 's death , and so is in part a collection of memories of his father in Des Moines while he was growing up . The book is split into two sections : ` East ' and ` West ' , the former part being considerably longer than the latter . These sections correspond to two separate journeys made in the autumn of 1987 and spring of 1988 . The first section covers the Midwest , the Deep South , the East Coast and New England , before returning to Des Moines . The second section focuses on the Great Plains , the South West , California and the Rocky Mountains . Bryson 's goal in this trip was generally to avoid tourist destinations , instead choosing to experience the real every-day America , stopping at small towns and forgotten points of interest . This book is an overview of the United States from Bryson 's point of view . There is less focus on factual insight into the history , geography and culture of the destinations in this book than is found in some of Bryson 's later books , focusing instead on observations made with the intention of being humorous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "427606c25a72cfae5482ded7cb45f5ef", "text": "Meskwaki Settlement, Iowa The Meskwaki Settlement is an unincorporated community in Tama County , Iowa , United States , west of Tama . It is often called `` the Sett '' by residents . This was part of the historic territory of the Meskwaki , an Algonquian people . ( They were known to English colonists and Americans as the Fox . ) Since 1857 , when Meskwaki bought land here , it has been home to a sizable community of Meskwaki Indians . They are enrolled in the federally recognized Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa , one of three Sac and Fox tribes in the United States . The others are located in Oklahoma and Kansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad465a94b15f3b24572c674db0e409f", "text": "Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3d818bd3501858725f0b4a44eccac3", "text": "U.S. Route 52 in Iowa U.S. Highway 52 ( US 52 ) is a 166 mi United States highway in northeast Iowa . The route begins at the Savanna -- Sabula Bridge over the Mississippi River between Sabula and Savanna , Illinois . From Sabula , it heads north along the Mississippi towards Bellevue and Dubuque . At Dubuque , US 52 briefly shares an expressway with U.S. Route 61 and U.S. Route 151 . North of Dubuque , the route follows the course of the river and turns to the west . At Luxemburg , it turns to the north towards Guttenberg . It then heads northwest where it overlaps U.S. Route 18 for 15 mi . At Calmar , US 52 turns to the north towards Decorah . US 52 crosses into Minnesota north of Burr Oak . Despite its even number , US 52 is signed as a north -- south route . According to the layout of the U.S. Highway System , even-numbered routes are generally signed as east -- west routes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af0d1e277c876b2a15caec09cb6d852", "text": "Sioux Center, Iowa Sioux Center is a city in Sioux County , Iowa , United States with a population of 7,048 ( 2010 census ) . Sioux Center is notable for its recent population boom , Dutch heritage , and agribusiness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13eabe786119f71e541842507de7c432", "text": "Consolidated city-county In United States local government , a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction . As such it is simultaneously a city , which is a municipal corporation , and a county , which is an administrative division of a state . It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities . A consolidated city-county is different from an independent city , although the latter may result from consolidation of a city and a county and may also have the same powers as a consolidated city-county . An independent city is a city not deemed by its state to be located within the boundary of any county and recognized by its state as a legal territorial entity separate from surrounding or adjoining counties . A consolidated city-county differs from an independent city in that the city and county both nominally exist , although they have a consolidated government , whereas in an independent city , the county does not even nominally exist . Not considering Hawaii , which has no independent cities , the Midwest and Upper South have the highest concentration of large consolidated city-county governments in the United States , including Indianapolis , Indiana ; Nashville , Tennessee ; Jacksonville , Florida ; Louisville , Kentucky ; Kansas City , Kansas ; and Lexington , Kentucky . Currently , the largest consolidated city-county in the United States by population is Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , while the largest by land-area is Sitka , Alaska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7100d804ad9f755234966b287f5bc47", "text": "Boone River The Boone River is a tributary of the Des Moines River in north-central Iowa in the United States . It is 111 mi long and drains an area of 895 sqmi . Via the Des Moines River , it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River . The Boone River rises near Britt in western Hancock County and flows generally southwardly through Wright , Hamilton and Webster counties , past Goldfield and Webster City . It flows into the Des Moines River 17 mi north of Boone . Tributaries of the Boone River also drain portions of Kossuth and Humboldt counties . Two headwaters tributaries are known as the East Branch Boone River and the Middle Branch Boone River . The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has designated the lower 26 mi of the Boone River from Webster City to its mouth as a `` Protected Water Area '' . This stretch of the river cuts through a wooded valley and allows canoeing and fishing for smallmouth bass , channel catfish , walleye , northern pike and flathead catfish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f17f0245380444319ac3fedd7718c8", "text": "Iowa County Iowa County is the name of two counties in the United States : Iowa County , Iowa Iowa County , Wisconsin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b5e527b61b5fa3b9c530d8380e5d2bb", "text": "Vehicle inspection in the United States In the United States , vehicle safety inspection and emissions inspection are governed by each state individually . 17 states have a periodic ( annual or biennial ) safety inspection program , while Maryland and Alabama require a safety inspection on sale or transfer of vehicles which were previously registered in another state . New Jersey discontinued its passenger vehicle safety inspection program on August 1 , 2010 . In 1977 , the federal Clean Air Act was amended by Congress to require states to implement vehicle emissions inspection programs , known as I/M programs ( for Inspection and Maintenance ) , in all major metropolitan areas whose air quality failed to meet certain federal standards . New York 's program started in 1982 , California 's program ( `` Smog Check '' ) started in 1984 , and Illinois ' program started in 1986 . The Clean Air Act of 1990 required some states to enact vehicle emissions inspection programs . State impacted were those in metropolitan areas where air quality did not meet federal standards . Some states , including Kentucky and Minnesota , have discontinued their testing programs in recent years with approval from the federal government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429c72b2e8e25e8bc60aaaa0b2d331d3", "text": "Arts Midwest Arts Midwest , headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , is one of six not-for-profit regional arts organizations created to `` encourage development of the arts and to support arts programs on a regional basis . '' Arts Midwest 's mission is to `` promote creativity , nurture cultural leadership , and engage people in meaningful arts experiences , bringing vitality to Midwest communities and enriching people 's lives . '' Arts Midwest is primarily funded by the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) , and is charged with supporting artists and arts organizations , and providing assistance to its nine member states of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63d142be6375b5b1e78f45545890e870", "text": "Marion, Iowa Marion is a city in Linn County , Iowa , United States . The population was 26,294 at the 2000 census and was 34,768 at the 2010 census , an increase of 32.2 % . The city is located next to Cedar Rapids and part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f87a6092dbbfbad359dfd88e651f3438", "text": "Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa and Other States , commonly known as the Iowa Synod , was founded on August 24 , 1854 at St. Sebald in Clayton County , Iowa . It adopted a constitution and its name ( Die deutsche evangelishe lutheranish Synode von Iowa ) , in 1864 . The synod was the result of disagreements , in Saginaw , Michigan , that had arisen with some of the pastors sent to America by Johann Konrad Wilhelm Löhe against the Missouri Synod . Some of these pastors joined the Missouri Synod , while pastors Georg M. Grossman and Johannes Deindoerfer and a small group moved to Iowa . Most of the congregations of the First Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Texas joined the Iowa Synod as its Texas District in 1896 . In 1930 the Iowa Synod merged with the Ohio Synod and the Buffalo Synod to form the American Lutheran Church ( ALC ) . The latter body , after further mergers , became part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988 . In 1929 , just before its merger into the ALC , the Iowa Synod had 637 pastors , 932 congregations , and 150,683 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74dc61a273fbe65fc231dbd9b3d8b8ed", "text": "Iowa (disambiguation) Iowa is a state of the United States of America . Iowa may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee2c75643c7e9a7b65e2453353b59e53", "text": "Interstate 29 in Iowa In the U.S. state of Iowa , Interstate 29 ( I-29 ) is a north -- south Interstate Highway which closely parallels the Missouri River . I-29 enters Iowa from Missouri near Hamburg and heads to the north-northwest through the Omaha-Council Bluffs and the Sioux City areas . It exits the state by crossing the Big Sioux River into South Dakota . For its entire distance through the state , it runs on the flat land between the Missouri River and the Loess Hills . I-29 was built in sections over a period of 15 years . When there was a shortage of male workers , female workers stepped in to build a 20 mi section near Missouri Valley . Between Council Bluffs and Sioux City , I-29 replaced U.S. Route 75 ( US 75 ) as the major route in western Iowa . As a result of I-29 's creation , US 75 south of Sioux City was relocated into Nebraska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa", "text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716ef0b507451c50e6546cc99acb5d97", "text": "Le Claire, Iowa Le Claire is a city in Scott County , Iowa , United States . The population was 3,765 in the 2010 census , a 32.2 % increase from 2,847 in the 2000 census , making it one of the fastest growing communities in the Quad Cities . Le Claire is part of the Quad Cities Metropolitan Area , which include the area of Davenport and Bettendorf , Iowa , and Rock Island , Moline , and East Moline , Illinois . As of 2014 , Le Claire has a population estimate of 4,229 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef2c0ca59c4096e49a480b6cd87db4a", "text": "List of geographic centers of the United States This is a list of geographic centers of each U.S. state . Note that the geographic center of the entire U.S. is northeast of Belle Fourche in Butte County , South Dakota , while that of the contiguous 48 is near Lebanon in Smith County , Kansas . The geographic center of North America lies near Rugby , North Dakota , though this designation has no official status .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bd2758966feefddca3ea70bab092e5c2", "text": "Sharon Tate Sharon Marie Tate Polanski ( January 24 , 1943 -- August 9 , 1969 ) was an American actress and model . During the 1960s , she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl . After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances , Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood 's most promising newcomers . She made her film debut in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil . Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film , Valley of the Dolls , earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination . Tate 's last completed film , 12 +1 was released posthumously in 1969 , with the actress receiving top billing . In January 20 , 1968 , Tate married Roman Polanski , her director and co-star in 1967 's The Fearless Vampire Killers . On August 9 , 1969 , Tate , along with four others , was murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with Polanski . At the time of her death , she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple 's son . A decade after Tate 's murder , the actress ' mother , Doris Tate , in response to the growing cult status of the killers and the possibility of them being granted parole , organized a public campaign that resulted in amendments to the California criminal law . Tate 's mother went on to say that the law would `` help transform Sharon 's legacy from murder victim to a symbol of victims ' rights '' . A book by Tate 's sister , Debra Tate , titled Sharon Tate : Recollection , was released in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "26d1a03c6e511ec19e7f5e8cf51eb8a1", "text": "Rosetta Stone (1970s band) Rosetta Stone were a Northern Irish pop rock band from Downpatrick Northern Ireland , which included the ex-guitarist of the Bay City Rollers , Ian Mitchell . The group released two albums and one EP before dissolving in 1984 . The genesis of Rosetta Stone came in 1973 , as childhood friends Mitchell , Terry McKee , Damian McKee , and Colin McKee ( not the footballer Colin McKee ) formed a band called Young City Stars . They played local clubs and dance halls , often opening concerts for the Bay City Rollers with their sound engineer Brian Herron . In early 1976 , Mitchell left the Young City Stars to join the Bay City Rollers . He was replaced by Belfast-born guitarist Andy LeGear . Mitchell would return later that year as the group , now managed by Rollers manager Tam Paton , changed their name to Rosetta Stone . In 1977 , Rosetta Stone signed with Private Stock Records . They appeared on Marc Bolan 's TV show Marc performing their single , a cover of Cream 's `` Sunshine of Your Love '' . Their eponymous debut album ( known as Rock Pictures in some territories ) was released in the United States in May 1978 . A second album , Caught in the Act , followed in 1979 . In early 1979 Ian Mitchell once again departed , to be replaced by Paul `` Flash '' Lerwill . Lerwill ( a former Edinburgh DJ at local hotspot `` Clouds '' ) left in 1982 and was replaced by Enda Walsh . That same year the EP Hiding From Love was released , after which the group permanently disbanded . The tracks `` Hiding from Love '' , `` Remember '' and `` Straight from the Heart '' , were all penned by Bryan Adams . `` Hiding From Love '' , which had previously been a # 64 hit in Canada for Adams in 1980 , became a bigger hit for Rosetta Stone , where it reached # 46 in Canada in 1982 . Adams would later record his own version of `` Straight From the Heart '' in 1983 , and made it a Top 20 hit in Canada and a Top 10 hit in the US . Soon after their Roadie Brian left the band due to family commitments went on to produce his own record label In Miami USA . There have been a number of Rosetta Fests ( reunions ) where the band have performed together again . The final fest , was held in Toronto in September 2007 In 2012 they held a sold out reunion show in their hometown at Mullan 's Bar Downpatrick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a899734acf0984f5f6d45d9bfc77cdc5", "text": "Tate Donovan Tate Buckley Donovan ( born September 25 , 1963 ) is an American actor and director , known for portraying Tom Shayes in Damages , Jimmy Cooper in The O.C. , and the voice of the title character in the 1997 Disney animated film Hercules , the animated television series of the same name and in a few Kingdom Hearts video games . He also had supporting roles in films , such as Good Night , and Good Luck and Argo . Donovan also played Brian Sanders in Hostages and White House Chief of Staff Mark Boudreau in 24 : Live Another Day . He has been a guest star in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0af12b43a9fbab81407c9342d7707f0", "text": "John Tate (boxer) John Tate ( January 29 , 1955 -- April 9 , 1998 ) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1977 to 1988 , and held the WBA heavyweight title from 1979 to 1980 . As an amateur he won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1976 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f84ebc1ba72db9fef1a31612d95e98", "text": "Geoff Tate Geoff Tate ( born Jeffrey Wayne Tate , January 14 , 1959 ; he later changed his first name to Geoffery or Geoffrey ) is a German-born American singer and musician . He rose to fame with the progressive metal band Queensrÿche , who had commercial success with their 1988 album Operation : Mindcrime and 1990 album Empire . Tate is ranked fourteenth on Hit Paraders list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time . He was voted No. 2 on That Metal Show 's top 5 hard rock vocalists of the 1980s . In 2012 , he won the Vegas Rocks ! Magazine Music Award for `` Voice in Progressive Heavy Metal '' . In 2015 , he placed ninth on OC Weekly 's list of the 10 Best High-Pitched Metal Singers . After his farewell tour as Queensrÿche , he renamed his band Operation : Mindcrime , after the Queensrÿche album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc6bb7c7fe6a9060b406ab0290825da9", "text": "Never Alone (Jim Brickman song) `` Never Alone '' is a song written by Gary Burr , Sarah Buxton , and Victoria Shaw and recorded by American songwriter and pianist Jim Brickman . Originally recorded with American country music singer Sara Evans on vocals for his 2006 album , Escape , it was famously re-recorded with American country pop trio Lady Antebellum for its release as a single . This latter version was released to digital retailers through Savoy Records on February 20 , 2007 and impacted American adult contemporary radio that spring . Lady Antebellum 's female vocalist , Hillary Scott , is sometimes credited individually as a featured artist alongside Lady Antebellum . `` Never Alone '' is primarily a new-age song with additional influences of country and pop genres and is instrumented primarily by piano . Its lyrics discuss the idea of unconditional love and support as well as the importance of holding onto one 's faith through difficult times . The song was released to generally positive reviews , who complimented its country crossover appeal , and was a success on adult contemporary radio . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary airplay chart in July 2007 , earning Brickman his 22nd entry on the chart and 13th top-15 hit . Furthermore , the song was Lady Antebellum 's first entry on a Billboard chart before their proper debut single , `` Love Do n't Live Here '' , was released in October of that year ; they would later match this position with their own single , `` I Run to You '' in 2009 before topping the AC chart with `` Need You Now '' that same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "995c4347ff3e8c26934d83f019852ee4", "text": "One Man in My Heart `` One Man in My Heart '' is a song recorded by British synthpop band The Human League . It was released as the second single from the band 's album Octopus . A ballad , the song differs from all previous Human League tracks as the lead vocal is performed by a female member of the band , Susan Ann Sulley , with spoken word refrains from Philip Oakey and contrasting backing from the third Human League member Joanne Catherall . Released on 6 March 1995 in the UK only , the song received positive reviews from music critics and eventually peaked at number thirteen in the UK Singles Chart , eventually spending 8 weeks in the charts . In 2001 in The Guardian newspaper it was called one of the best love songs of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17369810ed4fea2f91a766f56ceb199c", "text": "Nowhere Man: The Final Days of John Lennon Nowhere Man : The Final Days of John Lennon , first published in 2000 and written by New York journalist Robert Rosen , who in 1981 had access to John Lennon 's diaries , is a controversial account of the ex-Beatle 's last five years . The book disputes the official view of Lennon as a contented househusband raising his son Sean and baking bread while Yoko ran the family business . Instead , Nowhere Man portrays Lennon 's daily life at the Dakota as that of a `` tormented superstar , a prisoner of his fame , locked in his bedroom raving about Jesus Christ , while a retinue of servants tended to his every need . '' Rosen says that he used his memory of Lennon 's diaries as `` a roadmap to the truth . '' The final part of the book , The Coda , focuses on the mental disintegration of Lennon 's assassin , Mark David Chapman , and includes Chapter 27 , the so-called missing chapter of J.D. Salinger 's classic novel of disaffected youth , The Catcher in the Rye , that `` inspired '' Chapman to murder Lennon . It was Chapman 's goal , according to Rosen , to write Chapter 27 `` in Lennon 's blood . '' Originally written in 1982 , the manuscript remained unpublished for 18 years . Soft Skull Press acquired the rights to the book in 1999 and brought out the hardcover edition the following year . Quick American Archives then picked up the rights and published the paperback edition in 2002 . Nowhere Man was a bestseller in the United States ( Los Angeles Times , September 3 , 2000 ) , England ( Mojo , October 2000 ) , and Japan ( Amazon.co.jp , October 2000 ) . In 2003 , Random House Mondadori brought out a Spanish-language edition in Latin America . The book received extensive coverage and was excerpted in such publications as Proceso , La Jornada , El Universal , Reforma , Semana , Gatopardo , Soho , El Heraldo , El Mercurio , La Tercera , Las Últimas Noticias , and The Clinic . Nowhere Man appeared on bestseller lists in Mexico and Colombia . The other foreign editions were published by DHC ( Japan , 2000 ) , Fusion Press ( UK , 2000 ) , Hannibal ( Germany , 2001 ) . and Coniglio ( Italy 2011 ) . The title of the book refers to The Beatles ' song `` Nowhere Man '' ( which was written and sung primarily by Lennon ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24ea0ef0b37b06209c89c7508d7ef853", "text": "Miesha Tate Miesha Theresa Tate ( -LSB- ˈmiːʃə -RSB- ; born August 18 , 1986 ) is an American retired mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) and is a former UFC Women 's Bantamweight Champion . Primarily known for her grappling ability , Tate became a wrestler while attending Franklin Pierce High School in Tacoma , Washington and won a state championship during her senior year in 2005 . She began her professional mixed martial arts ( MMA ) career in 2007 , and won the bantamweight championship of the Freestyle Cage Fighting promotion in 2009 . Tate gained increased recognition in 2011 , when she won the Strikeforce Women 's Bantamweight Championship . She has also won a silver medal in the FILA Grappling Championships . Outside of MMA , Tate has modeled for numerous websites and publications , including ESPN The Magazine and Fitness Gurls . She is featured as a playable character in the video game EA Sports UFC . In 2015 , Tate was announced as a cast member in the feature film Fight Valley . Her fighting style , which focused on wrestling and Brazilian jiu-jitsu , has earned praise from multiple peers and media outlets . Ultimate Fighting Championship president Dana White has credited Tate 's fight with Ronda Rousey on March 3 , 2012 as the key factor in the creation of women 's divisions in the UFC . Tate 's final victory in MMA came on March 5 , 2016 , when she won the UFC Women 's Bantamweight Championship after beating Holly Holm via technical submission . On July 9 , 2016 , she lost the UFC title to Amanda Nunes at UFC 200 . In November 2016 , she announced her retirement from MMA after a loss by decision to Raquel Pennington at UFC 205 . Post retirement , Tate has shown interest in competing in no-gi grappling matches , the first of which was against former MMA opponent Jessica Eye at Submission Underground 2 , which Tate won by decision . Tate has also signed a contract with Fox Sports , joining the UFC analytical desk for FS1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ab8747a5ccc933e424d7a3e112dd35", "text": "Always Yours `` Always Yours '' is a popular song by Gary Glitter . Written by Glitter and Mike Leander and produced by Leander , `` Always Yours '' was Glitter 's third and final number one single in the UK Singles Chart , spending a week at the top of the chart in June 1974 . It also spent two weeks at number one in Ireland , and reached number 11 in Australia and number 14 in Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e4536d95a44e79a993646601104302", "text": "Letitia Dean Letitia Jane Dean ( born 14 November 1967 ) is an English actress and singer . She is known for her role as Sharon Watts in the BBC soap opera EastEnders . An original cast member from 1985 to 1995 , she reprised the role from 2001 to 2006 , and again from 2012 onwards . In 1986 , along with Paul Medford , Dean had a UK Top 20 hit with `` Something Outa Nothing '' . Her other television roles include The Hello Girls ( 1996 -- 98 ) , and Lucy Sullivan is Getting Married ( 1999 -- 2000 ) . In 2007 , she participated in the fifth series of the popular BBC dance competition Strictly Come Dancing , finishing fourth . On stage , she starred in the West End production of High School Musical in 2008 , and in the UK touring production of Calendar Girls in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "587579207c2675d7c451dc3f161438d7", "text": "The Southlanders The Southlanders were a Jamaican / British vocal group formed in 1950 by Edric Connor and Vernon Nesbeth ( died 6 March 2017 , Torrevieja , Spain ) . The group went through a variety of names , including The Caribbeans , South Londoners , and Southerners , before settling on The Southlanders . Nesbeth remains with old members of the group to this day , and they continue to perform on cruise ships and in hotels . Allan Wilmot has since retired and resides at home in South London . While their biggest commercial hit was 1958 's cover version of `` Alone '' , which sold over one million copies ; the song they are most identified with is `` I am a Mole and I Live in a Hole '' ( also known as `` Mole '' , `` The Mole '' and `` The Mole in a Hole '' ) . The unforgettable title line from the song was spoken by the group 's bass voice Harry Wilmot , father of Gary Wilmot . Harry Wilmot died in 1961 , when his son was six years old . The song failed to make the UK Singles Chart in 1958 , but has been performed at every Southlanders ' event since its release . Group founder Vernon Nesbeth said that the group tried to take the song out of their set but that club managers and audiences insisted upon hearing it . `` It 's become protected . Untouchable . We 've even sung it in Japanese '' , said Nesbeth . `` Alone '' was released by Decca , and entered the UK Singles Chart in November 1957 . It was the group 's only appearance in the chart , in which they spent ten weeks and peaked at # 17 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c293d931da634731e89b83a9d04fb7a8", "text": "Allen Tate (musician) Allen Tate ( born June 9 , 1989 , in Philadelphia , PA ) is an American vocalist and songwriter based in Brooklyn , New York . He first received acclaim as the lead singer of San Fermin , the indie-rock band led by composer Ellis Ludwig-Leone . Tate 's debut solo project , Sleepwalker , co-produced by Ludwig-Leone , was released on October 28 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb155e7c7fca45c93595ed997188530c", "text": "The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcf2a6efc2f80c2ba7222d62bd57ef5", "text": "Single Girl, Married Girl Single Girl , Married Girl is a folk song made famous by The Carter Family , about the differences in lifestyle between the two title characters . The song was originally released on Victor Records in 1928 as the a-side of Victor 20937 , the Carter Family 's second 78-rpm record for the label . It was recorded on August 2 , 1927 , the second day of their first session with producer and engineer Ralph Peer , and released in January 1928 . This version was later included in Harry Smith 's Anthology of American Folk Music , Vol . 3 . Notably , the song does not feature A.P. Carter , but is instead a duet between cousins Sara and Maybelle . The song was re-recorded during the last months of Sara and A.P. Carter 's marriage , on May 8 , 1935 , during a 4-day recording session with Ralph Peer . The tempo of this version is much slower , and Sara Carter sings at a much lower pitch . This version was first released on Arc Records , along with the song `` No Other 's Bride I 'll Be , '' as ARC 8733 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7733e668a83459d9cb30d00ca422d31", "text": "Tate Tate is an institution that houses the United Kingdom 's national collection of British art , and international modern and contemporary art . It is a network of four art museums : Tate Britain , London ( until 2000 known as the Tate Gallery , founded 1897 ) , Tate Liverpool ( founded 1988 ) , Tate St Ives , Cornwall ( founded 1993 ) and Tate Modern , London ( founded 2000 ) , with a complementary website , Tate Online ( created 1998 ) . Tate is not a government institution , but its main sponsor is the UK Department for Culture , Media and Sport . The name ` Tate ' is used also as the operating name for the corporate body , which was established by the Museums and Galleries Act 1992 as ` The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery ' . The gallery was founded in 1897 , as the National Gallery of British Art . When its role was changed to include the national collection of modern art as well as the national collection of British art , in 1932 , it was renamed the Tate Gallery after sugar magnate Henry Tate of Tate & Lyle , who had laid the foundations for the collection . The Tate Gallery was housed in the current building occupied by Tate Britain , which is situated in Millbank , London . In 2000 , the Tate Gallery transformed itself into the current-day Tate , or the Tate Modern , which consists of a federation of four museums : Tate Britain , which displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day ; Tate Modern , which is also in London , houses the Tate 's collection of British and international modern and contemporary art from 1900 to the present day . Tate Liverpool has the same purpose as Tate Modern but on a smaller scale , and Tate St Ives displays modern and contemporary art by artists who have connections with the area . All four museums share the Tate Collection . One of the Tate 's most publicised art events is the awarding of the annual Turner Prize , which takes place at Tate Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05164957c559d16206a42a56c3b94db4", "text": "Couple-ish Couple-ish is a Canadian LGBTQ + web series created by Kaitlyn Alexander , who also stars alongside Mercedes Morris and Sharon Belle . The series revolves around Dee Warson , a non-binary artist , who is looking for a new roommate with the help of their sister , Amy Warson . Soon they are entangled in a government conspiracy so that their new roommate , Rachel Mannt , is n't forced to leave the country . The first episode aired December 9 , 2015 and new episodes were posted twice a week . Season one is made up of 22 episodes and the season finale was posted on March 9 , 2016 . In 2016 , the series was nominated for a Streamy award , ultimately losing to Brooklyn Sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94f7dfc24f3e97de5634b8404ad67a36", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Sharon Stone American actress Sharon Stone has won 10 awards from 41 nominations , including one Emmy Award , one Golden Globe Award , and two MTV Movie Awards . She has also received several `` dishonors '' for poor performances in films , earning three Golden Raspberry Awards , and two Stinkers Bad Movie Awards . Stone 's breakout role as Catherine Tramell in Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) earned her a Chicago Film Critics Association Award , Golden Globe Award , and Saturn Award nominations . This was followed by two nominations for MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Female for the films Sliver ( 1993 ) and The Specialist ( 1994 ) . For her role as Ginger McKenna in Casino ( 1995 ) , she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama and received her only Academy Award nomination for the same category . She guest starred as an attorney who believes she can communicate with God in The Practice ( 1997 -- 2004 ) , a role that earned her the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series . In Basic Instinct 2 ( 2006 ) , her return to the character Tramell received mixed critical reviews , and garnered her both a Golden Raspberry Award . Stone has also received a number of non-performance honors . She was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1995 for her contribution to acting . The actress was nominated for Golden Apple Award for being easy to work with according to her co-stars . In 2005 , she was named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France . She received recognition at the 2006 Women Film Critics Circle Awards for her collaborations with AmfAR with their research on AIDS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f53d93127fae7436429850a4e2e1aa", "text": "Catherine Tate Catherine Tate ( born Catherine Ford ; 12 May 1968 ) is an English comedian , actress , and writer . She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and seven BAFTA Awards . Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show , Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later temporarily reprised her role , becoming the Tenth Doctor 's companion for the fourth series in 2008 . In 2011 , she began a recurring role as Nellie Bertram in the U.S. version of The Office and was a regular until the series ended .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3f63c8a27315bcd03651c5e7f179b1f8", "text": "Saratoga (film) Saratoga is a 1937 American romantic comedy film written by Anita Loos and directed by Jack Conway . The film stars Clark Gable and Jean Harlow in their sixth and final film collaboration , and features Lionel Barrymore , Frank Morgan , Walter Pidgeon , Hattie McDaniel , and Margaret Hamilton . Jean Harlow died before filming was finished , and it was completed using stand-ins . Saratoga was MGM 's biggest moneymaker of 1937 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a4d77ce23794e122b6a6a334537a8655", "text": "Clark House (Poughkeepsie, New York) Clark House is a historic home located at Poughkeepsie , Dutchess County , New York . It was built about 1919 and is a - story , three-bay-wide concrete block Bungalow style dwelling with a gable roof and wide dormer . It features a porch with Doric order columns , massive deep eaves , and half-timbering . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f454f4f838341543ed93f09d7a7378c", "text": "Saratoga Springs City School District The Saratoga Springs City School District is the public school district of Saratoga Springs , New York . The district is an independent public entity . It is governed by the Saratoga Springs City School District Board of Education , whose members are elected in non-partisan elections for staggered , three-year terms . The board selects a superintendent , who is the district 's chief administrative official . The district 's offices are located in the former Junior High building on 3 Blue Streak Boulevard , next to the high school . The district has six elementary schools , one middle school , and one comprehensive high school serving about 6,400 students . As of 2015 , it spends an average of $ 16,161 per pupil and has a student to teacher ratio of 14.3 ( the national averages are $ 12,435 and 15.3 respectively ) . The district serves students from the city of Saratoga Springs and the Saratoga County towns of Milton , Wilton , Malta , Greenfield and Saratoga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eddcc2434d794fd4c95f5086191aadd", "text": "Jonathan Hampton Jonathan Hampton ( 1712 - 1 November 1777 ) was an American colonial surveyor , merchant , and militia officer involved with New Jersey 's frontier fortifications and defenses along the Delaware River during the French and Indian War ( 1755-1763 ) . In 1755 , the Royal Governor Jonathan Belcher and the colonial legislature authorized the construction of stone blockhouse fortifications along the colony 's Delaware River frontier to thwart violent incursions by disaffected Native Americans and their French allies as hostilities led to the French and Indian War . These incursions and other hostilities were a continuation of a European conflict between France and England called the Seven Years ' War . The act authorizing these fortifications also appointed Jonathan Hampton as the victualler and paymaster of a military unit , the New Jersey Frontier Guard , to man these forts . To supply these troops , Hampton built the Military Road linking the provincial capital at Elizabethtown ( now Elizabeth ) with Morristown and the Delaware River valley ( then called the Minisink ) in 1756-1757 . This road followed Native American trails and became the route of subsequent roads , including the Union Turnpike , and present-day New Jersey Route 10 , U.S. Route 206 , and County Route 510 . The Military Road 's western terminus ends at the Old Mine Road , an old road following the Delaware and Neversink River valleys between Esopus ( now Kingston ) in Ulster County , New York , and the Delaware Water Gap . Hampton established a large headquarters fort , Fort Johns , on the hillside overlooking the `` Shapanack Flats '' section of the Delaware valley near the Van Campen 's Inn in Walpack Township . Hampton owned many large tracts of land in Sussex County 's Paulins Kill valley . Shortly after the creation of the county , Hampton offered several acres from these tracts to the county for the building of a courthouse ( built 1762-1765 ) and a public green . Nearby , he offered tracts for a proposed school , and to the Anglican church for a church and parsonage for the local rector . Hampton was a freemason , and a Bible donated in 1770 to Saint John 's Lodge No. 1 , Ancient York Masons in New York City was later used in the inauguration of George Washington , and later in the inaugurations of Warren G. Harding , Dwight D. Eisenhower , Jimmy Carter , and George H. W. Bush . Hampton 's name and its dedication is inscribed on the front page of the Bible . Hampton died 1 November 1777 in Elizabethtown , New Jersey allegedly while celebrating news of the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga two weeks earlier . The Sussex County municipality of Hampton Township was named in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a043011fb631033a13a4d7c3c73b44f", "text": "Love on the Run Love on the Run may refer to : Love on the Run ( 1936 film ) , starring Clark Gable and Joan Crawford Love on the Run ( 1979 film ) , a French film directed by François Truffaut Love on the Run ( 1985 film ) , a 1985 made-for-television film starring Alec Baldwin Love on the Run ( 2015 film ) `` Love on the Run '' ( song ) , a 2003 song by Chicane `` Love on the Run '' , a song by Scorpions , from the 1988 album , Savage Amusement `` Love on the Run '' , an episode of the television comedy Diff ` rent Strokes `` Love on the Run '' , an episode of the television comedy Major Dad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7ba6a7d8e3209443c94e1cc5730dc8", "text": "H. S. Kraft Hyman Solomon Kraft ( April 30 , 1899 -- July 29 , 1975 ) , aka Hy Kraft or H.S. Kraft , was an American screenwriter , playwright , and theatrical producer . Among the notable comedy plays that he wrote were Ten Per Cent ( 1932 ) , Poppa ( 1929 ) , Cafe Crown ( 1942 ) , and Top Banana ( 1952 ) . In 1964 Cafe Crown was revised as a Broadway musical produced by Philip Rose and Swanlee with music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Marty Brill . The musical plot is set in the early 1930s in and around the Cafe Crown at the corner of Second Avenue and 12th Street in New York City . It had one Broadway revival in 1989 . Hy Kraft 's 1954 musical play Top Banana was filmed for the screen and released as a movie in 1954 , starring Phil Silvers as a television comic trying to regain his ratings on TV . Feeling the show was a personal swipe at him , Milton Berle wrote of it , `` The only public attack I got any pleasure from was the one dreamed up by Hy Kraft and Johnny Mercer , and starring Phil Silvers . It was a big Broadway musical called Top Banana , in which Phil played an egomaniac named Jerry Biffle who had a top-rated television show and who directed his rehearsals with a whistle . It was a vicious and funny swipe at me , and I loved it so much , I offered to sue Hy Kraft for the publicity value . Anything to help . After all , I had put some money into the show . '' In 1950 Hy Kraft was made part of the Hollywood blacklist by the House Committee on Un-American Activities , after remarks by Artie Shaw . His screenwriting credits include Stormy Weather ( 1943 ) with Lena Horne and short story credit for Smartest Girl In Town ( 1936 ) and Champaign Waltz ( 1937 ) , in the latter case collaborating with Billy Wilder . He also contributed writing ( uncredited ) to Mark of the Vampire ( 1935 ) with Lionel Barrymore and Bela Lugosi . He wrote an autobiography , On My Way to the Theater , Macmillan , 1971 . The jacket reads , `` A lifetime 's stroll from New York 's Lower East Side to Broadway , with side trips to Hollywood , London , and Washington , D.C. , and singular associations with Victor Herbert , Theodore Dreiser , Sinclair Lewis , and the House Un-American Activities Committee . '' In 1968 , he signed the `` Writers and Editors War Tax Protest '' pledge , vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "623acdbb9ce2942362d9d42df4654f5a", "text": "Cliff Henderson Clifford `` Cliff '' Henderson ( 1895-1984 ) was the managing director of the National Air Races from 1928 through 1939 . Described as `` the Barnum of aviation , '' he obtained sponsors for two of the most well-known air races of the period , the Bendix transcontinental and the Thompson closed-course classics . The Thompson Trophy was first awarded in 1929 . The 1929 National Air Races included the first official women-only event , the Women 's Air Derby , a cross-country race from Los Angeles to Cleveland , Ohio . In 1931 , he convinced businessman Vincent Bendix to sponsor the Bendix Trophy Race , a transcontinental speed dash open to men and women . Henderson was awarded the L'Ordre de ` Etoile Noire de Benin for his service in World War II as the U.S. Air Force Military Commissioner of Dakar . With his brother Phillip , Henderson built the Pan-Pacific Auditorium in 1935 . The landmark Streamline Moderne convention center , designed by Los Angeles architects Wurdeman & Becket , was the region 's primary indoor venue with 100,000 square feet of exhibition space and seating for up to 6,000 . It closed after the 1972 opening of the much larger Los Angeles Convention Center . Henderson and his brother Randall founded Palm Desert , California in the 1940s , envisioning a modern utopia growing from the scrub . He built the Shadow Mountain Club in 1948 . With its glamorous figure-eight swimming pool and high-dive competitions , the club drew celebrities , presidents , and future residents . The National Aeronautic Association presents an annual Cliff Henderson Award for Achievement . The award is given to a living individual or group whose vision , leadership , or skill has made a significant and lasting contribution to the promotion and advancement of aviation or space activity . Notable recipients of the Cliff Henderson Trophy include Wesley L. McDonald , Walter J. Boyne , Thomas H. Miller , and Eugene Peyton Deatrick . Henderson was a member of the Quiet Birdmen , a male-only aviators ' social club . Henderson was married to actress Marian Marsh . He died on March 26 , 1984 in Rancho Mirage near Palm Desert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10595d7ce64cb52eb4152d90cc6680bb", "text": "Screenland Screenland was a monthly U.S. magazine about movies , published between September 1920 and June 1971 , when it merged with Silver Screen . In the September 1952 issue , the name changed to Screenland plus TV-Land . In was established in Los Angeles , California , with Myron Zobel as the editor in 1922 . Frederick James Smith became the editor in 1923 when it moved to Cooperstown , New York . One magazine-collector site credits , without attribution , one Paul Hunter , `` with rescuing Screenland magazine for John Cuneo back in 1932 . '' In October 1952 , Ned Pines ' Standard Magazines , an imprint of Pines Publications , purchased Silver Screen and Screenland from the Henry Publishing company . Pines announced in June 1954 that he was suspending publication with the August 1954 issue , citing production and distribution costs . The magazine continued publication through 1971 , however . In 1923 the magazine reported a love affair between Evelyn Brent and Douglas Fairbanks , resulting in legal threats , and a retraction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "737fec31ea8e9bf80579a3dd7d754ef7", "text": "No Man of Her Own (1932 film) No Man of Her Own is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama starring Clark Gable and Carole Lombard as a married couple in their only film together , several years before their own legendary marriage in real life . The movie was directed by Wesley Ruggles , and originated as an adaptation of No Bed of Her Own , a 1932 novel by Val Lewton , but ended up based more on a story by Benjamin Glazer and Edmund Goulding , although it retained the title it got from Lewton 's novel . It is not related to the 1950 film of the same name . Released just three years after the stock market crash of 1929 , the plot focuses on the character `` Babe '' Stewart ( played by Gable ) , a card sharp and gambling cheat , and `` Connie Randall '' , a street-wise librarian with whom he develops a relationship . Prevalent themes thoughout the story include crime , gambling , dishonesty , love , commitment and redemption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51443c65879c749722e1de7f0287dfdc", "text": "Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway . In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays . Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) . Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "577307f8b282b04a6c42b9a8266b5f96", "text": "Clark Mountain Range The Clark Mountain Range is located in southeastern California , north of Interstate 15 and the community of Mountain Pass . The range stretches approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) in a southwest-northeasterly direction , beginning in the Mojave National Preserve , and ending near Stateline Pass , about one mile ( 1.6 km ) from the Nevada border . Clark Mountain , at 7,929 feet ( 2,417 m ) above sea level , is the principal peak of the range . The foothills of the range are in creosote scrub and Joshua tree forests , which adjoin the dense Joshua tree woodlands atop Cima Dome . Higher up , pinyon pine and juniper grow on the `` sky island '' which occasional rains create above 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) . The north side of the crest contains a small forest of white fir trees , which is extremely difficult to reach . Clark Mountain is one of three mountain areas where these rare trees persist ; Kingston and New York Mountains are the other two areas where the Rocky Mountain white fir -- Abies concolor can be found in California . Interstate 15 traverses the mountain pass between the Clark Range and the Mescal Range to the south . The small town of Mountain Pass is located just south of the range on the north side of I-15 . The Mountain Pass rare earth mine owned by Molycorp Minerals is a recently reactivated rare earth element mine on the southern flank of the mountain . A major mine expansion project began in January 2011 . The range contains Keany Pass and the Umberei Mine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de77e8f88e4aa6857add8d7f9d90c4a2", "text": "Saratoga Trunk Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper , Ingrid Bergman , and Flora Robson . Written by Casey Robinson , and based on the novel Saratoga Trunk by Edna Ferber , the film is about a Texas gambler and a Creole daughter of an aristocratic family who work together to seek justice from a society that has rejected them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9dce58801c6d83889ba947366e3f89c", "text": "Cottage Row Historic District Cottage Row Historic District is a national historic district located in Saranac Lake ( Harrietstown ) in Franklin County , New York . It includes 27 contributing privately owned single-family dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 , with the majority constructed between 1907 and 1917 . They are mostly two or three story , wood framed structures , with gable or gambrel roofs , dormers , and wood siding or shingles . Most of the residences were operated as commercial , private tuberculosis sanitorium , with characteristic architectural features of the `` cure cottage , '' including second story sleeping porches , extra wide doorways , and call bell systems . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "306abee22f68dcc76647958f95eaa7f9", "text": "But Not for Me (film) But Not for Me is a 1959 Paramount Pictures comedy film starring Clark Gable and Carroll Baker . It is based on the play Accent on Youth written by Samson Raphaelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b5df46035a5e7b221b3eba95cbfcff", "text": "Upper Hudson River Valley The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York , generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North River to the last substantive waterfall preventing the passage of vessels at Fort Edward . Downstream from Fort Edward , northbound boat traffic exits the Hudson River onto the Champlain Canal . The largest population center in the Upper Hudson River Valley is that of Glens Falls . Other towns include North Creek , Hadley , Lake Luzerne , Corinth , and Hudson Falls . The region is characterized by a series of small glens and valleys surrounded by the Adirondack Mountains on all sides . At Corinth the river deepens and widens as it approaches the `` big bend '' where Interstate 87 crosses near Glens Falls . Category : River valleys of the United States Category : Hudson River Category : Valleys of New York Category : Landforms of Warren County , New York Category : Landforms of Washington County , New York Category : Landforms of Saratoga County , New York", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447e5d8c0d6b75ffd3d492d9a01ca829", "text": "Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . '' Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) . His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra . Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre . He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "562c8e976f7dcb305919334d5d34c454", "text": "Robert Clark (executive) Robert Clark ( 1905-1984 ) was a Scottish film executive best known for being head of production at Associated British Picture Corporation in the late 1940s and 1950s . It was a successful time for the company , films including The Dam Busters ( 1955 ) . Among Clark 's achievements were negotiating a contract with Warner Bros and signing Audrey Hepburn and Richard Todd to long term contracts before they were stars . He also financed early films of J. Lee Thompson and Michael Anderson . In 1949 he announced ABPC would make ten films at a total cost of ₤ 2 million . He was heavily reliant on the choices of his scenario director , Frederick Gotfurt . Clark lost nearly # 530,000 on production in his first two years in charge and recouped only # 330,000 in distribution . He reduced production costs by remaking old company properties , co-financing with the NFFC and going into co productions . According to writers Sue Harper and Vince Porter , the films which Clark had the most personal interest were The Dam Busters ( 1955 ) , The Good Companions ( 1957 ) and The Moonraker ( 1958 ) . He was removed from his position as head of production in January 1958 after a series of clashes with Warner Bros and was replaced with C.J. Latta .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b55a1e72018470e0012fd6fc61492920", "text": "William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( -LSB- ˈʃeɪkspɪə -RSB- 26 April 1564 ( baptised ) -- 23 April 1616 ) was an English : poet , : playwright , and actor , widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world 's pre-eminent dramatist . He is often called England 's national poet , and the `` Bard of Avon '' . His extant works , including collaborations , consist of approximately 38 plays , 154 sonnets , two long narrative poems , and a few other verses , some of uncertain authorship . His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright . Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire . At the age of 18 , he married Anne Hathaway , with whom he had three children : Susanna , and twins Hamnet and Judith . Sometime between 1585 and 1592 , he began a successful career in London as an actor , writer , and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain 's Men , later known as the King 's Men . He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 , at age 49 , where he died three years later . Few records of Shakespeare 's private life survive , which has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance , sexuality , and religious beliefs and whether the works attributed to him were written by others . Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613 . His early plays were primarily comedies and histories , which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres . He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608 , including Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth , considered some of the finest works in the English language . In his last phase , he wrote tragicomedies , also known as romances , and collaborated with other playwrights . Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime . In 1623 , however , John Heminges and Henry Condell , two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare , published a more definitive text known as the First Folio , a posthumous collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare 's . It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson , in which Shakespeare is hailed , presciently , as `` not of an age , but for all time '' . In the 20th and 21st centuries , his works have been repeatedly adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance . His plays remain highly popular and are constantly studied , performed , and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a1778978d0e59d0861a058544e016100", "text": "Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare 's editors were essential in the development of the modern practice of producing printed books and the evolution of textual criticism . The 17th-century folio collections of the plays of William Shakespeare did not have editors in the modern sense of the term . In the best understanding of contemporary consensus scholarship , the plays to be included in the First Folio ( 1623 ) were gathered together or `` compiled '' by John Heminges and Henry Condell , two long-time colleagues of Shakespeare in the King 's Men . The play manuscripts may have been proofread and prepared for printing by Edward Knight , the `` book-keeper '' or prompter of the company . The task of proofreading and correcting the actual printed pages of the Folio was left to the compositors and printers in the print-shop , yielding the uneven and often defective text that is the First Folio . Even less is known about the creation of the Second ( 1632 ) , Third ( 1663 -- 64 ) , and Fourth Folios ( 1685 ) than about the First ; see Folios and Quartos ( Shakespeare ) . In the 18th century , however , interested individuals made the first concerted efforts to bring order to the tangle of textual difficulties that the Folios of the previous century presented . The list below gives the date of each edition of Shakespeare 's plays , the editor , the format of the collection , and pertinent specific information . 1709 , Nicholas Rowe ; octavo , 6 volumes . Rowe was the first person to attempt a clean and fully comprehensible text of the plays ; but he depended upon a copy of the Fourth Folio and made generally conjectural emendations . He also added full stage directions ( he was a playwright himself ) and full lists of Dramatis personae , and wrote the first biographical sketch of the poet . 1725 , Alexander Pope ; quarto , 6 volumes . Pope was the first to attempt a collation of the quarto texts of the plays , yet he produced what was basically a reprint of Rowe that added little of value . 1733 , Lewis Theobald ; octavo , 7 volumes . Theobald has been called `` the first Shakespeare scholar '' ; he carried forward the task of collating the quartos , and began the study of Shakespeare 's sources and the order of the plays ' composition . ( See Chronology of Shakespeare 's plays . ) 1744 , Thomas Hanmer ; quarto , 6 volumes . Hanmer relied on Theobald 's text , and made guesswork corrections . His edition was reprinted in 1770 . 1747 , William Warburton ; octavo , 8 volumes . Warburton built upon Pope 's edition ; indeed , Warburton placed Pope 's name before his own on the title pages of his edition . In his preface , Warburton wrote that his friend Pope `` was desirous I should give a new Edition of this Poet , as he thought it might contribute to put a stop to a prevailing folly of altering the Text of celebrated Authors without Talents or Judgment . And he was willing that his Edition should be melted down into mine , as it would , he said , afford him ( so great is the modesty of an ingenuous temper ) a fit opportunity of confessing his Mistakes . '' The phrase `` without Talents or Judgment '' refers to Theobold and Hanmer . However , Warburton did allow , rather begrudgingly , some corrections put forward by Theobold and Hanmer : `` For the rest , all the Corrections which these two Editors have made on any reasonable Foundation , are here admitted into the Text ; and carefully assigned to their respective Authors . A piece of Justice which the Oxford Editor never did ; and which the Other was not always scrupulous in observing towards me . '' In 1748 Thomas Edwards published his Supplement to Warburton 's Edition of Shakespeare , in later editions called The Canons of Criticism -- a satirical but spot-on analysis of Warburton 's editorial emendations , some of which are truly silly . Samuel Johnson had this to say : `` Soon after Edwards 's Canons of Criticism came out , Johnson was dining at Tonson the Bookseller 's , with Hayman the Painter and some more company . Hayman related to Sir Joshua Reynolds , that the conversation having turned upon Edwards 's book , the gentlemen praised it much , and Johnson allowed its merit . But when they went farther , and appeared to put that authour upon a level with Warburton , `` Nay , ( said Johnson , ) he has given him some smart hits to be sure ; but there is no proportion between the two men ; they must not be named together . A fly , Sir , may sting a stately horse and make him wince ; but one is but an insect , and the other is a horse still . '' 1765 , Samuel Johnson , The Plays of William Shakespeare ; octavo , 8 volumes . Johnson in turn relied upon Warburton ; his edition is noteworthy mainly for its famous Preface . 1768 , Edward Capell ; octavo , 10 volumes . Appalled by the undisciplined emendations of Hanmer and Warburton , Capell spent three decades collecting and collating the quartos . He was also the first to exploit the Stationers ' Register and Francis Meres 's Palladis Tamia , and to explore Shakespeare 's use of Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles and Sir Thomas North 's translation of Plutarch 's Parallel Lives . 1773 , George Steevens ; octavo , 10 volumes . Steevens employed Johnson 's text , but continued Capell 's trend of adding new material . Steevens revised and re-issued his edition in 1778 ; in 1780 Edmond Malone added another 2 volumes that contained Shakespeare 's non-dramatic poems and other material . Isaac Reed revised the Steevens edition again in 1785 , and Steevens himself produced one final , 15-volume revision in 1793 . 1790 , Edmond Malone ; octavo , 10 volumes . Malone , often considered the best of the century 's editors of Shakespeare , wrote the first general consideration of English Renaissance theatre , utilizing resources like the records of the Master of the Revels and Edward Alleyn 's papers at Dulwich College . He is also noted for his work on the problem of chronology . The early 19th century saw the first Variorum editions of Shakespeare 's works , editions that collated and synthesized the efforts of the editors of the previous century : 1803 , the First Variorum edition , edited by Isaac Reed ; 21 volumes . 1813 , the Second Variorum , a reprint of the First ; 21 volumes . 1821 , the Third Variorum , edited by James Boswell ; 21 volumes . These massive editions laid the foundation for modern textual scholarship on Shakespeare 's works , and by extension on works of literature in general . In the 19th century the text , drawn primarily from Malone and Steevens , was `` monumentalized '' in the Cambridge edition ( 1863-6 ) and its single-volume companion , the Globe edition ( 1864 ) . It was followed by the New Cambridge edition in 1921 , and all modern standard editions inherit primarily from this edition . As for the personalities involved : some of these men were friends , like Steevens , Reed , and Malone ; acquaintances called them the Shakespeare Gang . Others nourished spirits of competitiveness and resentment . Pope made Theobald the first hero of The Dunciad . Warburton belittled Rowe 's `` Account of the Life '' of Shakespeare -- but he reprinted it in his own edition , without change or improvement . Despite his friendship with Malone and Reed , Steevens was famous for his irascibility ; in notes to his 1793 edition of Shakespeare , he concocted obscene interpretations of some passages and attributed those readings to people he did n't like . The next major edition , the Cambridge Shakespeare ( 1863 -- 66 ) , moved away from the practice of a single editor following his own sometimes capricious instincts and judgments . The first volume of the Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark and John Glover , and the subsequent eight volumes by Clark and William Aldis Wright . Clark and Wright also produced the single-volume Globe Shakespeare ( 1864 ) using their Cambridge texts ; together , these became the standard for the remainder of the century . The most radical edition in the twentieth century was the Oxford Shakespeare , prepared under the general editorship of Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor . It aims to present the texts as they were originally performed , which results in numerous controversial choices , including presenting multiple texts of King Lear , a text of Hamlet in which the scenes presumably cut by Shakespeare are relegated to an appendix , and an emphasis on the collaborative nature of several of the plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cd15b4e460035cda71682c3f60b774", "text": "The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays . The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . ) The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' . Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11235cce795e029d9f2e96941b7ebdd", "text": "The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent . The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . '' Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c844f888c3d9d5ae63865855e0399e8b", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern , is an absurdist , existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard , first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 . The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . The action of Stoppard 's play takes place mainly `` in the wings '' of Shakespeare 's , with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original 's scenes . Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet , of which they have no direct knowledge . Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character . Many plot features are similar as well : the characters pass time by playing Questions , impersonating other characters , and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c729974aa419adbcb5b307116e079f7", "text": "Propeller (theatre company) Propeller is a theatre company which presents the plays of William Shakespeare in the UK and around the world . The director is Edward Hall , and the casts are exclusively male actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af77b7e6c4d952eb18e58021ef1cc16", "text": "Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy . Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright . Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80b5296199bdd5406c0e79f07e5c99f", "text": "Woolsack The Woolsack is the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords , the Upper House of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . In the 14th century King Edward III ( 1327 -- 1377 ) commanded that his Lord Chancellor whilst in council should sit on a wool bale , now known as `` The Woolsack '' , in order to symbolise the central nature and huge importance of the wool trade to the economy of England in the Middle Ages . Indeed , it was largely to protect the vital English wool trade routes with continental Europe that the Battle of Crécy was fought with the French in 1346 . From the Middle Ages until 2006 , the presiding officer in the House of Lords was the Lord Chancellor and the Woolsack was usually mentioned in association with the office of Lord Chancellor . In July 2006 , the function of Lord Speaker was split from that of Lord Chancellor pursuant to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . The Woolsack is a large , wool-stuffed cushion or seat covered with red cloth ; it has neither a back nor arms , though in the centre of the Woolsack there is a back-rest . The Lords ' Mace is placed on the rear part of the Woolsack . In 1938 , it was discovered that the Woolsack was , in fact , stuffed with horsehair . When the Woolsack was remade it was re-stuffed with wool from all over the Commonwealth as a symbol of unity . The Lord Speaker may speak from the Woolsack when speaking in his or her capacity as Speaker of the House , but must , if he or she seeks to debate , deliver his or her remarks either from the left side of the Woolsack , or from the normal seats of the Lords . If a Deputy Speaker presides in the absence of the Lord Speaker , then that individual uses the Woolsack . However , when the House meets in the `` Committee of the Whole '' , the Woolsack remains unoccupied , and the presiding officer , the Chairman or Deputy Chairman , occupies a Chair at the front of the table of the House . In front of the Woolsack is an even larger cushion known as the Judges ' Woolsack . During the State Opening of Parliament , the Judges ' Woolsack was historically occupied by the Law Lords . Now the Attorney General , the Solicitor General , the Lord Chief Justice , the Master of the Rolls , the President of the Family Division , the Vice-Chancellor , Justices of the Supreme Court , the Lords Justices of Appeal and the Justices of the High Court only attend Parliament for the State Opening . In June 2016 Norman , Lord Fowler , was elected Speaker and he took his seat in September . The Lord Speaker 's duties as listed on the Parliamentry website include residing over business in the Lords chamber from the Woolsack chairing the House of Lords Commission , which provides high-level strategic and political direction for the House of Lords Administration on behalf of the House taking formal responsibility for security in the Lords area of the parliamentary estate coordinating an outreach programme to engage the public in the work and role of the Lords , central to which is the Peers in Schools programme attending and speaking at state and ceremonial occasions on behalf of the Lords representing the Lords to overseas parliaments , attending conferences with speakers of other parliaments , sharing best practice and developing links between parliaments", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b8a1db3c5a885cbc06169c5c9cf051", "text": "Sonnet 13 Sonnet 13 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare . It is a procreation sonnet within the Fair Youth sequence . In the sonnet , the speaker declares his admiration and love for the beauty of youth , but warns this figure of youth that he will lose it if he does n't revitalize himself through offspring . The primary arguments made in this procreation sonnet are the maintenance of self-identity and duty to one 's own heritage . His tone throughout the sonnet is intimate , highlighting the theme of affection for youth that is prevalent in the first seventeen sonnets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6ab0999f822ff2d1f99260ca6072b3", "text": "Hobbes–Wallis controversy The Hobbes -- Wallis controversy was a polemic debate that continued from the mid-1650s well into the 1670s , between the philosopher Thomas Hobbes and the mathematician John Wallis . It was sparked by De corpore , a philosophical work by Hobbes in the general area of physics . The book contained not only a theory of mathematics subordinating it to geometry and geometry to kinematics , but a claimed proof of the squaring of the circle by Hobbes . While Hobbes retracted this particular proof , he returned to the topic with other attempted proofs . A pamphleteering exchange continued for decades . It drew in the newly formed Royal Society , and its experimental philosophy , to which Hobbes was ( on principle ) opposed . The sustained nature of the exchanges can be attributed to several strands of the intellectual situation of the time . In mathematics there were open issues , namely the priority ( pedagogic , or theoretical ) to be assigned to geometry and algebra ; and the status of algebra itself , which ( from an English standpoint ) had been pulled together by the text of William Oughtred , as more than a collection of symbolic abbreviations . Socially , the formation of the group of Royal Society members , and the status of the publication Philosophical Transactions , was brought to a point as the quarrel proceeded , with Hobbes playing the outsider versus the self-selecting guild . Hobbes was an easy target , on the ground chosen by Wallis . The failure of his attempts to solve the impossible problems he set himself were inevitable , but he neither backed down completely , nor applied adequate self-criticism . And on the level of character , Wallis was as intransigent as Hobbes was dogmatic , and this inflicted damage on both of their reputations . Quentin Skinner writes : `` There is no doubt that at the personal level Wallis behaved badly ( as was widely conceded at the time ) . '' Part of the significance of the controversy is that Hobbes felt that , in the later stages , the Royal Society was in some way complicit in the attacks from Wallis , despite the fact that he had many friends as Fellows in it . This attitude presented one of the obstacles to Hobbes himself becoming a member , though not the only one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "905a2d9db5a9f3820ba0271ad135e4d3", "text": "Themes in Titus Andronicus Although traditionally Titus Andronicus has been seen as one of Shakespeare 's least respected plays , its fortunes have changed somewhat in the latter half of the twentieth century , with numerous scholars arguing that the play is more accomplished than has hitherto been allowed for . In particular , scholars have argued that the play is far more thematically complex than has traditionally been thought , and features profound insights into Ancient Rome , Elizabethan society , and the human condition . Such scholars tend to argue that these previously unacknowledged insights have only become apparent during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as only now has the ultraviolent content of the play achieved a sense of relevance . For example , in his 1987 edition of the play for the Contemporary Shakespeare series , A.L. Rowse writes ; `` in the civilised Victorian age the play could not be performed because it could not be believed . Such is the horror of our own age , with the appalling barbarities of prison camps and resistance movements paralleling the torture and mutilation and feeding on human flesh of the play , that it has ceased to be improbable . '' Similarly , director Julie Taymor , who staged a production Off-Broadway in 1994 and directed a film version in 1999 , says she was drawn to the play because she found it to be the most `` relevant of Shakespeare 's plays for the modern era ; '' She feels that the play has more relevance for us than it had for the Victorians ; `` it seems like a play written for today , it reeks of now . '' Because of this new found relevance , previously unrecognised thematic strands have thus come to the forefront . This article presents an overview of four of the most prominent themes in the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fae12c35f9ef54e6cb2c3fd3d322ad5", "text": "Hamlet (1921 film) Hamlet is a 1921 German film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play of the same name starring Danish silent film actress Asta Nielsen . It was directed by Svend Gade and Heinz Schall . In this interpretation , inspired by Dr. Edward P. Vining 's book The Mystery of Hamlet , Hamlet is born female and disguised as a male to preserve the lineage . Though a radical interpretation , the New York Times said this film , `` holds a secure place in class with the best . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a90df80244bd8cf2a8baec0d1884aa4", "text": "Norman Wooland Norman Wooland ( 16 March 19103 April 1989 ) was a British character actor who appeared in many major films , including several Shakespearean adaptations . During the Second World War he was a junior radio announcer , reporting the news for the BBC . His acting break came when he played Horatio in Laurence Olivier 's Hamlet ( 1948 ) , and in which his `` fine work '' was noted by The New York Times . Then came Catesby in Olivier 's film of Richard III , and Paris in Romeo and Juliet ( 1954 ) . He also had supporting roles in Quo Vadis ( 1951 ) , Ivanhoe ( 1952 ) , Background ( 1953 ) , The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) , Life for Ruth ( 1962 ) and International Velvet ( 1978 ) . Wooland kept a herd of cows , each of which was named after a Shakespearean character . He died in 1989 , aged 79 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57ed520d1fa0b3e975e9c635fb691b08", "text": "Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish . Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes . Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections ' The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e020697352cf2dfeceeb8d80a85ee038", "text": "Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 . The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young . However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . '' Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them . The book contains the following tales : The Tempest ( Mary Lamb ) A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb ) The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb ) Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb ) As You Like It ( Mary Lamb ) Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb ) The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb ) Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb ) King Lear ( Charles Lamb ) Macbeth ( Charles Lamb ) All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb ) The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb ) The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb ) Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb ) Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb ) Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb ) Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb ) Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb ) Othello ( Charles Lamb ) Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb ) Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 . In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5719fd94f29e011edd3081ae557f6e", "text": "The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 . The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion . The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers . The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a2465284ea7ddd31bf2d7ef34a727d8", "text": "Nigeria The Federal Republic of Nigeria -LSB- naɪˈdʒɪəriə -RSB- , commonly referred to as Nigeria , is a federal republic in West Africa , bordering Benin in the west , Chad and Cameroon in the east , and Niger in the north . Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja is located . Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country . Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 . The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 , and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It has since alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships , until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential elections considered the first to be reasonably free and fair . Nigeria is often referred to as the `` Giant of Africa '' , owing to its large population and economy . With approximately 184 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world . The country is viewed as a multinational state , as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups , of which the three largest are the Hausa , Igbo and Yoruba ; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages , and are identified with wide variety of cultures . The official language is English . Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians , who live mostly in the southern part of the country , and Muslims in the northern part . A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria , such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities . , Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively . It overtook South Africa to become Africa 's largest economy in 2014 . The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent . Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank ; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent , a middle power in international affairs , and has also been identified as an emerging global power . Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries , which are widely seen as the globe 's next `` BRIC-like '' economies . It is also listed among the `` Next Eleven '' economies set to become among the biggest in the world . Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations , including the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7113be9e6ea0e976d5e72c2bf5d9fc8f", "text": "Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana -- Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3793b8a1e50e7ee202f8839313d39ec", "text": "Ogun State Ògùn '' ' is a state in southwestern Nigeria . Created in 1976 , it borders Lagos State to the south , Oyo and Osun states to the north , Ondo to the east and the Republic of Benin to the west . Abeokuta is the capital and largest city in the state . The state 's nickname is `` Gateway to Nigeria '' . It was created in February 1976 from the former Western State . The 2006 census recorded a total population of 3,751,140 residents . Other cities and towns in the Ogun State are Ijebu Ode , Sagamu , Ijebu Igbo , Ogere Remo , Iperu , Ilaro Ayetoro and Ota . The state is notable for having a high concentration of industrial estates and being a major manufacturing hub in Nigeria . Major factories in Ogun include : Dangote Cement factory in Ibese , Nestle , Lafarge Cement factory in Ewekoro and Coleman Cables in Sagamu and Arepo , Procter & Gamble in Agbara , amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42943c17eebfd23b329980791d8dca86", "text": "Union of African States The Union of African States ( Union des Etats africains ) , sometimes called the Ghana-Guinea-Mali Union , was a short-lived and loose regional organization formed 1958 linking the West African nations of Ghana and Guinea as the Union of Independent African States . Mali joined in 1960 . It disbanded in 1963 . The union planned to develop a common currency and unified foreign policy amongst members ; however , none of these proposals were implemented by the countries . The union was the first organization in Africa to bring together former colonies of the British and the French . Although the union was open to all independent states in Africa , no other states joined . The union had a limited impact on politics as there was never any administration or permanent meetings to support the goals of unity . Its legacy was largely limited to longstanding political relationships between Kwame Nkrumah ( President and Prime Minister of Ghana 1957 -- 1966 ) , Ahmed Sékou Touré ( President of Guinea 1958 -- 1984 ) , and Modibo Keïta ( President of Mali 1960 -- 1968 ) . The union again came into the news when Nkrumah was named as the co-president of Guinea after he was deposed as President of Ghana by a military coup in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b24dc10101f1f99d6e9f36248f6ac7d", "text": "Nigerian Conservation Foundation The Nigerian Conservation Foundation is a prominent environmental non-governmental organization which works to preserve the natural resources and biodiversity of Nigeria . The Foundation was founded in 1980 by Shafi Edu and has worked since then on a number of resource management and conservation projects across Nigeria . Chief Ede Dafinone is the current Chairman of the Foundation and Mr. Adeniyi Karunwi is its Director General . One of the founders was Akintola Williams . The Akintola Williams Arboretum at the Nigerian Conservation Foundation headquarters in Lagos is named in his honor . The Foundation 's is involved in conservation efforts on a number of fronts . It engages in lobbying work both at the national and state levels . It also has a number of educational initiatives both to raise awareness of environmental issues in Nigeria and to encourage sustainable practices . It works with higher education , primary and secondary schools , and with the general public through local initiatives in target areas . It 's scientific staff is engaged in research and management plans in reserves , parks , and wildlife habitats across the country . It also advises industry on sustainable development and environmental impacts for their projects in Nigeria . The foundation also promotes environmental tourism with the goal of expanding awareness of Nigeria 's natural resources and also creating economic incentives for continued and expanded preservation . The NCF has partnerships with a number of international environmental groups including the World Wildlife Fund , the International Union for the Conservation of Nature , BirdLife International , Wetlands International , Fauna and Flora International , and the Wildlife Conservation Society . It has also partnered with several industry groups including Chevron and BG Group on issues involving Nigeria 's growing oil and gas industry . The NCF established Lekki Conservation Centre in 1990 . In 1992 , the NCF was recognized by the UN Environmental Program , which added it to its Global 500 Roll of Honour , a group of individuals and organizations making important contributions to the environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4", "text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d219eb15567918ff3ba6d31857a33da", "text": "Church of Nigeria The Church of Nigeria is the Anglican church in Nigeria . It is the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion , as measured by baptized membership ( but not by attendance ) , after the Church of England . It gives its current membership as `` over 18 million '' , out of a total Nigerian population of 140 million . Other statistics reveal that the Church of Nigeria has 2 million active attendees on a Sunday . Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces . It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 . The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja . Its primate is Archbishop Nicholas Okoh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93732bd0660a49abe719f1513735f978", "text": "Benin Empire The Benin Empire was a pre-colonial empire located in what is now southern Nigeria . Its capital was Edo , now known as Benin City , Edo . It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin , formerly called Dahomey . The Benin Empire was `` one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa , dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE '' , until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897 . The original people and founders of the Benin Empire , the Edo people , were initially ruled by the Ogiso ( Kings of the Sky ) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo . The rulers or kings were commonly known as Ogiso . Igodo , the first Ogiso , wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler . He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere , his eldest son . In the 12th century , a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle . In anger over an oracle , Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court with his warriors . When his old father the Ogiso died , the Ogiso dynasty was ended as the people and royal kingmakers preferred their king 's son as natural next in line to rule . The exiled Prince Ekaladerhan later became Izoduwa or Oduduwa the first Oni in uhe ( ile ife ) . Oranmiyan , grand son of Oduduwa took up his abode in the palace built for him at Usama by the elders ( now a coronation shrine ) . Soon after his arrival he married a beautiful lady , Erinmwinde , daughter of Osa-nego , was the ninth Enogie ( Duke ) of Ego , by whom he had a son . After some years residence here he called a meeting of the people and renounced his office , remarking that the country was a land of vexation , Ile-Ibinu ( by which name the country was afterward known ) and that only a child born , trained and educated in the arts and mysteries of the land could reign over the people . He caused his son born to him by Erinmwinde to be made King in his place , and returned to Yoruba land Ile-Ife . After some years in Ife , he left for Oyo , where he also left a son behind on leaving the place , and his son Ajaka ultimately became the first Alafin of Oyo of the present line , while Oranmiyan himself was reigning as Oni of Ife . Therefore , Oranmiyan of Ife , the father of Eweka I , the Oba of Benin , was also the father of Ajaka , the first Alafin of Oyo . Oni of Ife and Alafe of Oyo . By the 15th century , Edo as a system of protected settlements expanded into a thriving city-state . In the 15th century , the twelfth Oba in line , Oba Ewuare the Great ( 1440 -- 1473 ) would expand the city-state to an empire . It was not until the 15th century during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great that the kingdom 's administrative centre , the city Ubinu , began to be known as Benin City by the Portuguese , and would later be adopted by the locals as well . Before then , due to the pronounced ethnic diversity at the kingdom 's headquarters during the 15th century from the successes of Oba Ewuare , the earlier name ( ` Ubinu ' ) by a tribe of the Edos was colloquially spoken as `` Bini '' by the mix of Itsekhiri , Esan , Ika , Ijaw Edo , Urhobo living together in the royal administrative centre of the kingdom . The Portuguese would write this down as Benin City . Though , farther Edo clans , such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century , as evidence implies . Aside from Benin City , the system of rule of the Oba in his kingdom , even through the golden age of the kingdom , was still loosely based after the Ogiso dynasty , which was military and royal protection in exchange of use of resources and implementation of taxes paid to the royal administrative centre . Language and culture was not enforced but remained heterogeneous and localized according to each group within the kingdom , though a local `` Enogie '' ( duke ) was often appointed by the Oba for specified ethnic areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c11456e17c228e86dba4f53685c1aa4", "text": "North Region (Cameroon) The North Region ( Région du Nord ) makes up 66,090 km ² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon . Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north , the Adamawa Region to the south , Nigeria to the west , Chad to the east , and Central African Republic to the southeast . The city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital . Garoua is Cameroon 's third largest port , despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year . Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani ( Fulɓe links = no ) , who are Islamic pastoralists , and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa , Chadic , and Nilo-Saharan languages . French is the language of formal education , and Fulfulde , the language of the Fulbe , is widespread as a lingua franca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44993f54541fc9fe4c90cb114c94701", "text": "India–Nigeria relations The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties . Oil-rich Nigeria stated recently that India has replaced the United States as its largest crude importer 20 -25 percent of India 's domestic oil demand.India , however , now purchases some 30 % of Nigeria 's daily crude production which currently hovers around 2.5 million barrels With bilateral oil trade valued at US$ 10 billion , Indian oil companies are also involved in oil drilling operations in Nigeria and have plans to set up refineries there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743b6e701abbb00a6183bbf048c5a860", "text": "Energy in Nigeria Nigeria 's primary energy consumption was about 108 Mtoe in 2011 . Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste , which account for 83 % of total primary production . The rest is from fossil fuels ( 16 % ) and hydropower ( 1 % ) . Nigeria has oil reserves of about 35 Goilbbl and gas reserves of about 5 trillion cubic metres , ranking 10th and 9th in the world , respectively . Global production in 2009 reached 29 Goilbbl of oil and 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas . Nigeria is a member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bf6bae114897386fcc1e0db2c7c04c5", "text": "List of country groupings This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category . African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa ) G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq . IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states . VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ca56b99dc4f791cd27beaaffdc0cf5", "text": "Transport in Niger Transport in Niger is composed of the transportation systems and methods used in this landlocked nation , with cities separated by huge uninhabited deserts , mountain ranges , and other natural features . A poor nation , Niger 's transport system was little developed during the colonial period ( 1899 -- 1960 ) , relying upon animal transport , human transport , and limited river transport in the far south west and south east . No railways were constructed in the colonial period , and roads outside the capital remained unpaved . The Niger River is unsuitable for large-scale river transport , as it lacks depth for most of the year and is broken by rapids at many spots . Camel caravan transport was historically important in the Sahara desert and Sahel regions which cover most of the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddaaab9449601d340feb0294f3080ad4", "text": "Akwa Ibom State Akwa Ibom '' ' is a state in Nigeria . It is located in the coastal southern part of the country , lying between latitudes 4 ° 32 ′ N and 5 ° 33 ′ N , and longitudes 7 ° 25 ′ E and 8 ° 25 ′ E . The state is located in the South-South geopolitical zone , and is bordered on the east by Cross River State , on the west by Rivers State and Abia State , and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost tip of Cross River State . Akwa Ibom is one of Nigeria 's 36 states , with a population of over five million people . The state was created in 1987 from the former Cross River State and is currently the highest oil - and gas-producing state in the country . The state 's capital is Uyo , with over 500,000 inhabitants . Akwa Ibom has an airport and two major seaports on the Atlantic Ocean with a proposed construction of a world-class seaport Ibaka Seaport at Oron . The state also boasts of a 30,000-seat ultramodern sports complex . Akwa Ibom state is also home to the Ibom E-Library , a world-class information centre . In addition to English , the main spoken languages are Ibibio , Annang , Eket and Oron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b2a8311834df1b820f65c16c8d01e35", "text": "Economy of Mali The economy of Mali is based to a large extent upon agriculture , with a mostly rural population engaged in subsistence agriculture . Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world , is one of the 37 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries , and is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources , including multilateral organizations ( most significantly the World Bank , African Development Bank , and Arab Funds ) , and bilateral programs funded by the European Union , France , United States , Canada , Netherlands , and Germany . Before 1991 , the former Soviet Union , China and the Warsaw Pact countries had been a major source of economic and military aid . The per capita gross domestic product ( GDP ) of Mali was $ 820 in 1999 . Mali 's great potential wealth lies in mining and the production of agricultural commodities , livestock , and fish . The most productive agricultural area lies along the banks of the Niger River , the Inner Niger Delta and the southwestern region around Sikasso .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11240e54e008aa7230619bca44d0b7c", "text": "Foreign relations of Cameroon Cameroon 's noncontentious , low-profile approach to foreign relations puts it squarely in the middle of other African and developing country states on major issues . It supports the principles of non-interference in the affairs of third world countries and increased assistance to underdeveloped countries . Cameroon is an active participant in the United Nations , where its voting record demonstrates its commitment to causes that include international peacekeeping , the rule of law , environmental protection , and Third World economic development . In the UN and other human rights fora , Cameroon 's non-confrontational approach has generally led it to avoid criticizing other countries . Cameroon enjoys good relations with the United States and other developed countries . Cameroon enjoys generally good relations with its African neighbors . It supports UN peacekeeping activities in Central Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc34428c2c2739d8d2ac80612ee2776", "text": "African philosophy African philosophy is philosophy produced by African people , philosophy that presents African worldviews , or philosophy that uses distinct African philosophical methods . Although African philosophers may be found in the various academic fields of philosophy , such as metaphysics , epistemology , moral philosophy , and political philosophy , much of the modern African philosophy has been concerned with defining the ethnophilosophical parameters of African philosophy and identifying what differentiates it from other philosophical traditions . One of the implicit assumptions of ethnophilosophy is that a specific culture can have a philosophy that is not applicable and accessible to all peoples and cultures in the world , however this concept is disputed by traditional philosophers . Furthermore , in A Discourse on African Philosophy : A New Perspective on Ubuntu and Transitional Justice in South Africa , Christian B. N. Gade argues that the ethnophilosophical approach to African philosophy as a static group property is highly problematic . His research on ubuntu presents an alternative collective discourse on African philosophy ( `` collective '' in the sense that it does not focus on any individual in particular ) that takes differences , historical developments , and social contexts seriously . Father of African Philosophy , Uzodinma Nwala , prior to his employment to teach at UNN , there was nothing called African Philosophy as course of study in any university . `` All we were taught as students were Western philosophy . Nothing like African philosophy existed anywhere . In fact , many years after the introduction of the courses , there still remained arguments among experts , whether there was really African Philosophy '' . He was awarded the Aime Cesiare award in 2013 at the University of Abuja . African Philosophy can be formally defined as a critical thinking by Africans on their experiences of reality . Nigerian born Philosopher K.C. Anyanwu defined African philosophy as `` that which concerns itself with the way in which African people of the past and present make sense of their destiny and of the world in which they live . '' In this regard , African philosophy is a critical reflection on African leaderships in the administration of their duties towards their citizens ; the morally blameworthiness or praiseworthiness of it . It will also provide possible solutions to the problems experienced in African governances . As a rational critical inquiry on Africans and their worlds , it is consequently the task of African philosophy and of African philosophers to make the uncoordinated coordinated , the uncritical critical and the inarticulate articulate , particularly of the preliterate Africa . One of the most basic disagreements concerns what exactly the term ` African ' qualifies : the content of the philosophy and the distinctive methods employed , or the identities of the philosophers . On the former view , philosophy counts as African if it involves African themes such as perceptions of time , personhood , space and other subjects , or uses methods that are defined as distinctively African . In the latter view , African philosophy is any philosophy produced by Africans or by people of African descent , and others engaged in critiques or analysis of their works . Nigerian philosopher Joseph I. Omoregbe broadly defines a philosopher as one who attempts to understand the world 's phenomena , the purpose of human existence , the nature of the world , and the place of human beings in that world . This form of natural philosophy is identifiable in Africa even before individual African philosophers can be distinguished in the sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5448dd67e06269357a39b09d27ecdf59", "text": "List of companies based in Eritrea Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea , is a country in the Horn of Africa . The economy of Eritrea has experienced considerable growth in recent years , indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in October 2012 of 7.5 percent over 2011 . However , worker remittances from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product . Eritrea has an extensive amount of resources such as copper , gold , granite , marble , and potash . The Eritrean economy has undergone extreme changes due to the War of Independence . In 2011 , Eritrea 's GDP grew by 8.7 percent making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world . The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) expects it to maintain a high growth rate of 8.5 percent in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a23820162853d49fc9d52fd9822ca8c", "text": "Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cee9bf6e97006e80c16a39e040fa1bb2", "text": "Christina Applegate Christina Applegate ( born November 25 , 1971 ) is an American actress and dancer who as an adolescent actress started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married ... with Children ( 1987 -- 97 ) . In her adult years , Applegate established a film and television career , winning an Emmy and earning Tony and Golden Globe nominations . She is also known for doing the voice of Brittany in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series . She has had major roles in several films , including Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead ( 1991 ) , The Big Hit ( 1998 ) , Prince Charming ( 2001 ) , The Sweetest Thing ( 2002 ) , Grand Theft Parsons ( 2003 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) and its sequel , Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , Farce of the Penguins ( 2007 ) , Hall Pass ( 2011 ) , Vacation ( 2015 ) and Bad Moms ( 2016 ) . She has also starred in numerous Broadway theatre productions such as the 2005 revival of the musical Sweet Charity . She played the lead role in the television sitcoms Jesse ( 1998 -- 2000 ) and Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) and starred in the NBC comedy Up All Night ( 2011 -- 12 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29a724be43a81cede81f337dd9b07ef4", "text": "Beverly Long Beverly Powell Long ( April 18 , 1933 -- May 8 , 2014 ) was an American film and television actress , notable credits include Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) , Cavalcade of America ( 1957 ) and Father Knows Best ( 1958 -- 1960 ) . She later worked as a casting director with her own company Beverly Long Casting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c9c0be3cf109f3221cef0eae97f005", "text": "Mom (season 3) The third season of the television comedy series Mom began airing on November 5 , 2015 , on CBS in the United States . The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creators Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker . It follows Christy Plunkett ( Anna Faris ) , a single mother who -- after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug addiction -- decides to restart her life in Napa , California 's wine country working as a waitress at the restaurant Rustic Fig and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . She lives with her mother Bonnie Plunkett ( Allison Janney ) , who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict , as well as her teenage daughter Violet ( Sadie Calvano ) , who was born when Christy was 16 . Christy also has a younger son Roscoe ( Blake Garrett Rosenthal ) by her deadbeat ex-husband Baxter ( Matt L. Jones ) . Other prominent character in the series include the co-Alcoholics Anonymous member , Marjorie ( Mimi Kennedy ) . Jaime Pressly and Beth Hall , who play co-Alcoholics Anonymous members Jill and Wendy , respectively , were upgraded to series regular status for this season . The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73ef68a248b551792bdcecbae5bd0393", "text": "Christina Ricci Christina Ricci ( born February 12 , 1980 ) is an American actress . Ricci began her career appearing in commercials and received early recognition as a child star . Her debut performance in Mermaids ( 1990 ) was followed by a breakthrough role as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel Addams Family Values ( 1993 ) when she was eleven and thirteen years old , respectively . Following her success with the Addams Family films , she earned something of a `` teen icon '' status thanks to appearances in various big budget productions , notably Now and Then ( 1995 ) and Casper ( 1995 ) , which were marketed for younger audiences , before making a successful transition into adult-oriented roles with the art house drama The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) , at the age of seventeen . Ricci continued acting in small-scale independent films such as Buffalo '66 ( 1998 ) and The Opposite of Sex ( 1998 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress . She made a departure from independent cinema with Tim Burton 's big-budget Gothic horror Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) and later received praise for her performance in the drama Monster ( 2003 ) , portraying the girlfriend of a notorious female serial killer . Although she has developed a reputation for being a prominent independent film actress , Ricci has appeared in many box office hitsto date , the films in which she has starred have amassed a gross in excess of $ 743 million . Ricci has also acted in various television productions . In 2006 , she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role as a paramedic in the ABC drama Grey 's Anatomy . From 2011 to 2012 , she starred as a stewardess in the short-lived series Pan Am . In 2014 , she starred in the titular role of the Lifetime film Lizzie Borden Took an Ax , marking a return to the darker roles she had generated attention for earlier in her career . In 2015 , she reprised the role in the limited series The Lizzie Borden Chronicles , chronicling the aftermath of the events that took place in the biopic . Ricci married dolly grip James Heerdegen in October 2013 and gave birth to a son in August 2014 . She is also the national spokesperson for the Rape , Abuse and Incest National Network ( RAINN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec50e6d44520a23066275f369aa0602", "text": "Daniel Wayne Smith Daniel Wayne Smith ( January 22 , 1986 -- September 10 , 2006 ) was the son of the American model and actress Anna Nicole and Billy Wayne Smith . He occasionally appeared in his mother 's E! Network reality TV show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11534f7388753a422d103dbd54835232", "text": "Applegate (surname) Applegate is an English surname . Notable people with the surname include : Andrew J. Applegate ( 1833 -- 1870 ) , American politician Celia Applegate , American historian Christina Applegate ( born 1971 ) , American actress Colleen Applegate , American actress known as Shauna Grant Dan Applegate , American engineer Debby Applegate ( born 1968 ) , American historian and biographer Dick Applegate , British army general Douglas Applegate ( born 1928 ) , American politician Eddie Applegate ( born 1935 ) , American actor Fred Applegate ( 1879 -- 1968 ) , American baseball player Fred Applegate ( actor ) ( born 1953 ) , American actor , singer and dancer Jeremy Applegate ( 1965 -- 2000 ) , American actor Jesse Applegate ( 1811-1888 ) , American pioneer Jessica-Jane Applegate ( born 1996 ) , British swimmer Jodi Applegate ( born 1964 ) , American news anchor Joseph R. Applegate ( 1925 -- 2003 ) , American linguist K. A. Applegate ( born 1956 ) , American author Lindsay Applegate ( 1808 -- 1892 ) , American pioneer Oliver Cromwell Applegate ( 1845-1938 ) , American politician Red Applegate ( 1921 -- 1965 ) , American boxer Rex Applegate ( 1914-1998 ) , American military close combat instructor in World War II Royce D. Applegate ( 1939-2003 ) , American actor and screenwriter Shannon Applegate , American historian Category : English-language surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2135ec6d85680df8f4c2a4bb1ff3856", "text": "Oh Mother `` Oh Mother '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fifth studio album , Back to Basics ( 2006 ) . The song was released on November 23 , 2007 by RCA Records as the fourth and final single from the album in European territories , while `` Slow Down Baby '' was serviced as the final single in Oceania . It was written by Aguilera , Derryck Thornton , Mark Rankin , Liz Thornton , Christophe Barratier , Bruno Coulais and Kara DioGuardi . Production was done by Big Tank and Q , with L Boggie credited as co-producer and Aguilera serviced as additional producer . `` Oh Mother '' is a downtempo pop and R&B piano ballad that talks about Aguilera 's abusive childhood . It incorporates various musical instruments , from strings to keyboards . It contains a sample from `` Vois Sur Ton Chemin '' , written by Bruno Coluais and Christopher Barratler . Upon its release , the song was met with mainly positive reviews from contemporary music critics . It also managed to enter charts in Europe with moderate success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0ca5804f324e01ebd865d46092b39e", "text": "Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fc61ac37841dea11f48749274441fca", "text": "Matthew Cooke (filmmaker) Matthew Cooke ( born 1973 , Washington , D.C. ) is the writer-director of How to Make Money Selling Drugs , a documentary film which criticizes the war on drugs in the United States . Cooke was also the narrator , editor , cinematographer and visual effects artist . Cooke was the producer and editor of Amy Berg 's Oscar -- nominated documentary Deliver Us from Evil , his first feature film , and writer , director , editor and actor on Fuel TV 's Stupidface . He produced Adrian Grenier 's 2010 HBO documentary Teenage Paparazzo which premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . Cooke also contributed editing , motion graphics and cinematography work to the picture . He is producing American Race , an upcoming documentary directed by Amy Berg , who Cooke previously worked with on Deliver Us from Evil . Cooke graduated magna cum laude with a B.A. in film from Pitzer College in 1996 . He was engaged to actress Maggie Grace from February 2015 to February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad38ffd6d841c77fd37e9b9108cb9de", "text": "Paula Wagner Paula Wagner ( born December 12 , 1946 ) is an American film producer and film executive . She currently sits on the National Board of Directors for the Producers Guild of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7025dc8c4038035d7a1d39d8259c68f6", "text": "Andrea Berloff Andrea Berloff ( born 1974 ) is an American screenwriter , actress , and producer . Berloff is best known for writing the 2006 disaster drama film World Trade Center , and co-writing the 2015 biographical drama Straight Outta Compton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8776dac5b0ef15dce1459fcc348ba852", "text": "Bad (2007 film) Bad , stylized as bAd , is a 2007 drama film directed and written by Vincenzo Giammanco about a young boy who is dyslexic . John Reed ( Remy Thorne ) is in the fifth grade and is failing in school as `` his teacher thinks that he 's just too lazy to study , and the local bully takes every opportunity to humiliate him . '' After the intervention of his mother , she and John work to overcome the difficulties he faces due to dyslexia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019de60befd9a367a610e224466f9a23", "text": "Hygienic Productions Hygienic Productions was a film production company based out of Wilmington , Ohio . Formed by exploitation film producer Kroger Babb , the company was in charge of promotion and production for a number of Babb 's films , including the infamous Mom and Dad . Later , following the success of Mom and Dad , Babb would rename the company to a more general name , Hallmark Productions , and later , the `` Hallmark Big-6 . '' They would continue presenting the sexual education and medical-style films , but expand to more genres , including drug message films such as `` She Shoulda Said ` No ' ! '' and shock films like Karamoja .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e225340cc0f6356f66fe06fcec2a23c", "text": "Lisa Blount Lisa Suzanne Blount ( July 1 , 1957 -- October 27 , 2010 ) was an American film and television actress , and Oscar-winning producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66dfce36eec0c0c80e858c0562a5e406", "text": "Anna Pump Anna Pump ( April 11 , 1934 -- October 5 , 2015 ) was a German-born American chef , cookbook author , baker , and innkeeper best known for her bakery and gourmet takeout shop in The Hamptons , Loaves & Fishes . She was the author of four cookbooks and the owner of the Bridgehampton Inn . Pump was a mentor to Ina Garten , of Food Network , who wrote the forward to Pump 's final cookbook Summer on a Plate . She was sometimes a guest on Garten 's Barefoot Contessa . She moved to the US with her husband in 1960 , where they lived in Frenchtown , New Jersey , before moving to the Hamptons more than a decade later . A resident of Sag Harbor , New York , Pump was killed while crossing to the north side of Montauk Highway in Bridgehampton , near the post office , when she was struck by a pickup truck heading west on the evening of October 5 , 2015 . She was taken to Southampton Hospital by ambulance , where she succumbed to her injuries . She was 81 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7128df738259777a6cb638c7cdf0992d", "text": "The Best Bad Thing The Best Bad Thing was originally a book authored by Yoshiko Uchida . A screenplay was developed and a film released in 1997 . The story is set on the U.S. west coast during 1935 when the U.S. economy was still recovering from the effects of the Great Depression . It opens in a city , then moves to a rural Cucumber farm , where the majority of the action takes place . The farm is described as along California 's central coast .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71931a8a72360b2e7ca28fcbcd3478ce", "text": "Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. ( May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon . Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 . Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament . Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 . After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election . Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6ec05f0fce42974a1576ed6ea2304aae", "text": "Alberta Social Credit Party The Alberta Social Credit Party is a provincial political party in Alberta , Canada , that was founded on social credit monetary policy put forward by Clifford Hugh Douglas and on conservative Christian social values . The Canadian social credit movement was largely an out-growth of the Alberta Social Credit Party . The Social Credit Party of Canada was strongest in Alberta , before developing a base in Quebec when Réal Caouette agreed to merge his Ralliement créditiste movement into the federal party . The British Columbia Social Credit Party formed the government for many years in neighbouring British Columbia , although this was effectively a coalition of centre-right forces in the province that had no interest in social credit monetary policies . The Alberta Social Credit party won a majority government in 1935 , in the first election it contested , barely months after its formation . During its first years , when led by William Aberhart , it was a radical monetary reform party , at least in theory if not in effect . After Aberhart 's death in 1943 and the rise to leadership of Ernest Manning , followed quickly by the discovery of oil in north-central Alberta and its accompanying wealth for many , Social Credit changed to a pro-business , anti-union , anti-government-interventionist style of governing . It stayed in power until 1971 , one of the longest unbroken runs in government at the provincial level in Canada . However , it has held no seats since 1982 , and finished a distant seventh in the 2012 and 2015 general elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f82c3a42f0f5b302b4330ed03ddb3a61", "text": "Raza Unida Party Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida ( National United Peoples Party or United Race Party ) is a former Hispanic political party centered on Chicano ( Mexican-American ) nationalism . It was born in the early 1970s and became prominent throughout Texas and Southern California . It was started to combat growing inequality and dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party that was typically supported by Mexican-American voters . After its establishment in Texas , the party launched electoral campaigns in Colorado , Arizona , New Mexico , and California , though it only secured official party status for statewide races in Texas . It did poorly in the 1978 Texas elections and leaders and members dropped away . La Raza , as it was usually known , experienced most of its success at the local level in Southwest Texas , most notably when the party swept city council , school board , and mayoralty elections in Crystal City , Cotulla , and Carrizo Springs . Much of the success was attributed to the aggressive grassroots organizing that was concentrated in cities that had the lowest income and education levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a0f8c3340cccda6dd14eada41d559d5", "text": "Politics (magazine 1944–1949) politics was a journal founded and edited by Dwight Macdonald from 1944 to 1949 . Macdonald had previously been editor at Partisan Review from 1937 to 1943 , but after falling out with its publishers , quit to start politics as a rival publication , first on a monthly basis and then as a quarterly . politics published essays on politics and culture and included among its contributors James Agee , John Berryman , Bruno Bettelheim , Paul Goodman , C. Wright Mills , Mary McCarthy , Marianne Moore , Irving Howe , Daniel Bell , Hannah Arendt . The journal reflected Macdonald 's interest in European culture . He used politics to introduce US readers to the thinking of the French philosopher Simone Weil , publishing several articles by her , including `` A Poem of Force '' , her reflections on the Iliad . He also printed work by Albert Camus . Another European , the Italian political and literary critic Nicola Chiaromonte , was also given space in the journal . politics was also Macdonald 's vehicle for his repeated and energetic attacks against Henry Wallace and his Progressive Party campaign for President . In a letter to Philip Rahv at the end of December 1943 , George Orwell mentioned that Macdonald had written asking him to contribute to his forthcoming journal . Orwell had replied telling him he might `` do something ` cultural ' '' but not ` political ' as he was already writing his `` London Letters '' to Partisan Review . In his `` As I Please '' article for the 16 June 1944 issue of Tribune , George Orwell recommended politics . He stated that he disagreed with its policy but admired `` its combination of highbrow political analysis with intelligent literary criticism . '' He went on to add that there were no monthly or quarterly magazines in England `` to come up to '' the American ones , of which there were several . Macdonald , in an editorial comment for the November 1944 issue of politics referred to a letter from Orwell which cast interesting light on the ` russification ' of English political thought over the last two years . Orwell had read the May issue 's review of Harold Laski 's Faith , Reason and Civilisation and mentioned that the Manchester Evening News , the evening edition of the Manchester Guardian , had refused to print his own review because of its anti-Stalin implications . Despite considering the book `` pernicious tripe '' , Orwell had praised the author for being `` aware that the USSR is the real dynamo of the Socialist movement in this country and everywhere else . '' , but criticized him for shutting his eyes to `` purges , liquidations '' , etc. . Macdonald pointed out that the fact that such a review should be considered `` too hot '' shows how much the feats of the Red Army had misled the English public opinion about Russia . He added that the `` English liberal press had been far more honest about the Moscow Trials than our own liberal journals '' and that Trotsky had been able to write in the Guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6b1024d7a99e10be3671f2af5e3f882", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections, 1934 The 1934 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first term . The Democratic Party continued its progress , gaining another 9 net seats from the opposition Republican Party , who also lost seats to the Progressive Party . The Republicans were reduced below one-fourth of the chamber for the first time since the creation of the party . The Wisconsin Progressive Party , a liberal group which allied with the Democrats , also became a force in Wisconsin politics . The 1934 elections can be seen as a referendum on New Deal policies . While conservatives and people among the middle class who did not bear the brunt of the depression saw New Deal programs as radical , ordinary people overwhelmingly voted in this election cycle to continue implementation of Roosevelt 's agenda . In addition , this was the first time in modern history that the President 's party gained seats in a midterm year when historically the President 's party usually loses seats . ( This would n't happen again until 1998 and 2002 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3746d2b6dfac38e9204c300d2a68c9fa", "text": "Unified Party of Haitian Communists The Unified Party of Haitian Communists ( Parti unifié des communistes haitiens ) was a political party in Haiti . PUCH was established in 1968 by the mergers the Popular Entente Party ( founded in 1959 ) and the Party of Union of Haitian Democrats ( founded in 1954 and was until 1965 called the People 's Party of National Liberation ) . The declaration of merger of the two parties stated : `` PUCH is the conscious and organized vanguard of the working class , fighting under the banner of the Marxist-Leninist ideology . The path of the Haitian revolution , as defined in the documents of PUCH - is the path of armed struggle , which must be carried out in response to the reactionary violence '' . PUCH was a clandestine party from its foundation . The party initiated a lot of work for agrarian reform amongst the peasantry in the villages . In 1969 the François Duvalier regime launched a crackdown on the party . Various urban and regional party organizations were dismantled . Hundreds of PUCH activists were jailed and tortured . The Central Committee secretaries Gérald Brisson and Raymond Jean Francois were killed , as were the members of the Port-au-Prince committee Jacques Jeannot and Adrien Sansarik . The party was however , able to rebuild illegal party organs and mass organizations . In June 1971 the party leadership put forward an action programme for unity of all progressive forces fighting against the Haitian regime . In the 1980s , the party leadership was exiled in France . The PUCH sent a delegation to the 1969 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties held in Moscow . The party endorsed the documents adopted at the meeting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efab0b3238a407405c443b4b8c671331", "text": "United States presidential election in North Carolina, 1968 The 1968 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 5 , 1968 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1968 United States presidential election . Voters chose 13 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . The vote in North Carolina was split three ways , between Republican nominee Richard Nixon , Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey , and American Independent Party nominee George Wallace . Nixon won the state , with 39.5 % of the vote , while Wallace 's 31.3 % pushed Humphrey into third on 29.2 % . Nixon won twelve of the state 's electoral votes , while one faithless elector that had been pledged to Nixon voted instead for Wallace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d41708c43c25ad32c4a12ec8c2fc66ce", "text": "List of political parties by region This page is a directory to various pages that will list political parties , from around the world , according to their respective regions . All of the pages linked from here include a table listing the sub-pages of countries/jurisdiction in the given region , showing which party system is dominant in each country . A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power , usually by participating in elections . Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under the page for each nation . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e16c7b38f610ddba2ff286ed9195dd3", "text": "South Carolina's 6th congressional district The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and eastern South Carolina . It includes all of Allendale , Bamberg , Barnwell , Clarendon , Colleton , Hampton and Williamsburg counties and parts of Beaufort , Berkeley , Calhoun , Charleston , Dorchester , Georgetown , Orangeburg and Richland counties . The district borders were shifted south in the 2012 redistricting . It lost its share of the North Carolina border , and now takes in part of the area near the South Carolina-Georgia border . The district was defined in the early 1990s in a deal between state Republicans ( mostly white ) and Democrats ( mostly black ) in the South Carolina General Assembly to ensure a majority-black population , known as a majority-minority district . The rural counties of the historical black belt in South Carolina make up much of the district , but it sweeps south to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Charleston , and sweeps west to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia . In all of its configurations , its politics have been dominated by black voters in the Columbia and Charleston areas . Following the Reconstruction era , the white Democratic-dominated legislature passed Jim Crow laws , as well as a new constitution in 1895 that effectively disfranchised blacks , crippling the Republican Party in the state . For most of the next 60 years , South Carolina was essentially a one-party state dominated by the Democrats , and blacks were nearly excluded from the political system . Demographic and political changes have included the Great Migration ( African American ) of blacks out of the state during the Jim Crow era in the first half of the 20th century . At the same time , many white Democrats felt chagrin at the national party 's greater support of civil rights for blacks from the 1940s onward , and began splitting their tickets in federal elections . After successes of the Civil Rights Movement in gaining passage of federal legislation in the mid-1960s to enforce their constitutional rights and ability to vote , blacks in South Carolina supported national Democratic candidates . This prompted a massive wave of party-switching in which white conservatives began moving into the Republican Party . Since the late 20th century , South Carolina politics have been very racially polarized . Republicans in South Carolina have been mostly white , and most African Americans in the state continue to support the Democrats . In the 21st century , the 6th is considered the only `` safe '' Democratic district in the state . Before 1993 , this district included the northeastern part of the state , from Darlington to Myrtle Beach . It was a classic `` Yellow Dog '' Democratic district ; in this configuration it only elected two Republicans , both for a single term . In 2012 , the new 7th congressional district was created ; it includes much of the territory that was in the 6th for most of the 20th century . Jim Clyburn , a Democrat and the current Assistant House Minority Leader , has represented this district since first being elected in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28a34fec043356ccfcbb9946e8b3afc0", "text": "Industrial Union Party The Industrial Union Party ( IUP ) was a US DeLeonist political party . The party proclaimed itself on 7 July 1933 at 1032 Prospect Avenue , Bronx , Branch headquarters of its predecessor Industrial Union League ( IUL ) . The new IUP immediately announced candidates in the New York City elections : Adolph Silver for Mayor , Irving Oring for Comptroller , and Sam Brandon for President of Alderman . The party 's publication , the Industrial Unionist , was published first in May 1932 with its final issue in 1950 . Most of the IUP would later reconstitute itself as the League for Socialist Reconstruction Noting the roots of IUP in the Socialist Labor Party ( SLP ) , IUP 's split from the SLP reflected the impact of the Great Depression and the inability of the SLP to adjust to new events . Yet the immediate roots of the Industrial Union League were in the SLP 's mass expulsion of Section Bronx during the 1920s . ( Industrial Unionist did not appear until 1932 , but its first issue included Louis Lazarowitz ' review of Walter H. Senior 's The Bankruptcy of Reform , published by the Industrial Union League itself ) . In November 1933 a furniture union in Jamestown , New York , the United Workers of America , was founded on industrial unionist principles compatible with the views of the IUP . The union affiliated with the Bronx-based party in December of that year , and soon formed a `` mixed trades '' local in Erie , Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4dd3102fd5f9365736ea3a89f16e27", "text": "Conscience Whigs The `` Conscience '' Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in the state of Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery . They were noted as opponents of the more conservative `` Cotton '' Whigs who dominated the state party , led by such figures as Edward Everett , Robert C. Winthrop , and Abbott Lawrence , whose close association with the New England textile industry led them to de-emphasize the slavery issue . Leaders of the `` Conscience Whigs '' included Charles Sumner , Henry Wilson , and Charles Francis Adams . The group split from the Whig party in 1848 , when the national party nominated the slave-owning General Zachary Taylor for President , and played a role in the creation of the new Free Soil Party , which nominated Adams for Vice President on a ticket with anti-slavery former Democratic President Martin Van Buren . Following the failure of the Free Soil Party in the election that year , most Conscience Whigs would return to the Whig fold . More followed after the Compromise of 1850 temporarily neutralized the issue of slavery . During the mid 1850s , several Conscience leaders played an important role later in the foundation of the Republican Party . The term `` Conscience Whig '' is sometimes used more broadly to refer to Whigs in other states noted for their opposition to slavery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8963257c6ec1dae9bb87b152d103b85c", "text": "New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af09b876027a7cf0f633ca506ec38fa3", "text": "National Party (United States) The National Party was an early-20th-century national political organization in the United States founded by pro-war defectors from the Socialist Party of America in 1917 . These adherents of the SPA Right first formed a non-partisan national society to propagandize the socialist idea called the Social Democratic League of America . Many of these individuals were eager for the formation of an alternative political organization to both the so-called `` old '' parties and the anti-war Socialist Party of America and eagerly latched on to a burgeoning movement for a new party that sprouted in 1917 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c20337dfa7ac9d208fbcf9c44e85ec8f", "text": "American Republican Party (1843) The American Republican Party was a minor nativist political organization that was launched in New York in June 1843 , largely as a protest against immigrant voters and officeholders . In 1844 , it carried municipal elections in New York City and Philadelphia and expanded so rapidly that by July , 1845 , a national convention was called . This convention changed the name to the Native American Party and drafted a legislative program calling for a twenty-one-year period preceding naturalization and other sweeping reforms in the immigration policy . Failure to force congressional action on these proposals , combined with the growing national interest in the Mexican problem before the Mexican -- American War , led to the party 's rapid decline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb72e396b59197836909516cbb6d1ee2", "text": "Dean Dozen The `` Dean Dozen '' in American politics , was the collective term for six groups of 12 candidates endorsed by Democracy for America , the political action committee led by former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean , in the 2004 elections . Those chosen to be in the Dean Dozens were Democrats . Governor Dean called the Dean Dozen `` the progressive movement 's best chance at taking back Congress . '' Candidates Selected received significant promotion by progressive groups through emails , fundraisers , and speeches . Democracy for America also fundraisers for the candidates directly , using their membership of over a million citizens to seek contributions for candidates directly They came from across the U.S. and ran for widely varying positions , from county sheriff to U.S. Senator . No incumbents were chosen , and members of Dean Dozens also tended to target key districts . Candidates in bold won . In the 2012 elections Governor Dean selected a new Dean Dozen to receive the endorsement of DFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb534bacc240e075683ea15532f3454", "text": "Labor Party (United States, 1996) The Labor Party was an American social democratic political party advocating workers ' interests . Membership at one point reached about 5,000 . The party was formed in 1996 by the United Mine Workers , International Longshore and Warehouse Union , American Federation of Government Employees , California Nurses Association , and hundreds of other local labor unions . From the beginning a dispute over the Party 's running of candidates arose with many of the official unions totally opposed to running candidates that might cause the defeat of their normal Democratic allies . Smaller locals and left union activists on the other had pushed for a clean break with the Democratic Party . This issue was debated internally for years until 1999 when the Party 's leadership agreed to some endorsements of Labor Party members running . In 2001 the Labor Party endorsed labor sponsored independent candidates in San Francisco and Ohio local elections . After the 2000 elections even symbolic support dripped away . The future of the party remains uncertain , particularly after the 2002 death of Tony Mazzocchi , the founding national organizer . All of the founding unions continued to actively support Democratic Party candidates . In December 2005 , the South Carolina Labor Party announced that it would seek ballot status in South Carolina and run a candidate in the 2006 legislative elections . Labor Party News quoted Leonard Riley , President of the Charleston International Longshoremen 's Association Local 1422 as saying , `` Given the results of the past few elections , I think the workers of South Carolina would jump at the opportunity to consider a Labor Party which would guarantee an uncompromising voice for working people on their issues . '' Although South Carolina law permitted electoral fusion , the Labor Party pledged not to endorse candidates of any other party . Party officials acknowledged that the choice of South Carolina may have seemed unusual due to the fact that the state had the second lowest concentration of union workers in the United States . However , party officials said that the relatively high unemployment rate , the decline in the textile industry , and the indifference of the state Democratic and Republican parties to the interests of working people , African-Americans and women created a political space for the Labor Party . The party submitted 16,500 signatures on July 11 , 2006 . If 10,000 of the signatures were valid , the party would be qualified for the 2007 and 2008 elections . This effort was apparently unrelated to the concurrent attempt of the Working Families Party to gain ballot access in South Carolina , a state that allows electoral fusion . In July 2007 Ballot Access News reported that the SCLP was attempting to recruit candidates . The party suspended active operations in 2007 but a group said to affiliated with the party nominated one candidate for the South Carolina State House for 2010 . The candidate , Brett Bursey , received 442 votes , or 3.06 % . In December 2012 Mark Dudzic wrote an article in which he said confirmed that the party had suspended operations in 2007 . While some have taken this to mean that he said that the time was currently not right for the Labor Party to exist , others have seen this as a start of a discussion about the future of the Labor Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a9172d10145217b6d473d91fe18a73", "text": "Don Yarborough Donald Howard Yarborough ( December 15 , 1925 - September 23 , 2009 ) , was a liberal Democratic politician who was the first Southern politician to endorse the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Yarborough , an attorney in Houston , Texas , ran for governor of Texas in 1962 , 1964 , and 1968 . In 1962 , he came close to winning the primary runoff election against John B. Connally , Jr. , having polled 49 percent of the ballots . Other intraparty rivals , considered conservatives , included the state attorney general , Will Wilson , highway commissioner Marshall Formby , and General Edwin A. Walker , who made anticommunism the centerpiece of his race . The Republican gubernatorial nominee , Jack Cox , an oil equipment executive from Houston , was also a strong conservative and a former Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives . Although Yarborough never became governor , his campaigns contributed strongly to the reform of the Texas Democratic Party , uniting , behind Yarborough 's candidacy , traditional New Deal loyalists , organized labor , African Americans , Mexican Americans , and reform-seeking liberals , thereby enabling this coalition to capture local constituencies in the Texas House and Senate and build organizations later drawn upon by Mark White and Ann Richards . Yarborough was born in New Orleans on December 15 , 1925 . His father was the president of a bank in New Orleans that went bust in the Great Depression , so Don was sent temporarily to spend part of his boyhood living with an aunt in Mississippi , where he helped out picking cotton in the fields of his family 's farm with the laborers . His father eventually got a job with the government and moved the family to Washington , D.C. His family also spent time during the years after the Depression living with relatives in Coral Gables , Florida . The family eventually moved together to Houston when he was 12 . His mother , Inez Black Yarborough , served as head of the Women in Yellow volunteer corps at the Jefferson Davis Hospital in Houston . Upon graduating from San Jacinto High School at 17 , Yarborough enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps , entered officer 's training school and became a Company Commander at the age of 19 . He served one year in China at the close of World War II . After the war , Yarborough entered the University of Texas , where he belonged to Kappa Alpha fraternity , and worked part-time to supplement the money he received under the G.I. bill . He earned his law degree in 1950 . Yarborough re-entered the Marine Corps to serve during the Korean War as a member of the Judge Advocate General 's Corp ( JAG Corps ) . He then returned to Texas to found his own law firm and take part in civic affairs . In 1956 , as president of the Houston Junior Chamber of Commerce , Yarborough won the national debating championship for the organization due to his passionate speaking skills . In 1960 , Yarborough married his first wife , Katherine Edwards . In 1963 , Yarborough was named by LIFE magazine as one of the 100 young Americans who were `` distinguished by their dedication to something larger than private success , because they had the courage to act against old problems , the boldness to try out new ideas , and a hard-bitten , undaunted hopefulness about man . '' In his first run for political office , Yarborough ran for Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1960 . In 1962 , he ran for the first time for governor , and in a field of five Democratic candidates , he reached a run-off with John Connally and came within 28,000 votes of winning the nomination , a nationally-noted near-upset in a state long dominated by the conservative faction of the Democratic Party . He ran for governor again in 1964 and 1968 . In political life he supported civil rights , economic justice , environmental protection , and women 's equality , and he challenged the big business establishment that had long dominated Texas politics . After leaving politics , Yarborough promoted science as a means to ease suffering and cure aging , which he considered to be a disease that affected everyone . He worked as a lobbyist for Paraplegia Cure Research in Washington , D.C. , where lived for many years on Capitol Hill and in Mclean , Va. . He also played a role in the Council for a Livable World and was a founding member of biotech research companies . Yarborough died of Parkinson 's disease on September 23 , 2009 . Yarborough was married three times , to Katherine Edwards Yarborough in 1960 , to Gail Lind in 1978 , and Houston realtor Charity O'Connell Yarborough in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6c5fd1a0d42f347267dac25cf47c16", "text": "Minnesota Progressive Party The Minnesota Progressive Party is the name of a minor political party in Minnesota . It was first formed as a branch of the national Progressive Party during the 1948 election , supporting Henry A. Wallace for president and also running a candidate for Governor of Minnesota . The name was later reused by Eugene McCarthy as one of three minor state political parties supporting his independent campaign for president in 1988 ( the other two being the Consumer Parties of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b2c6050c18eaccd08c37fed6c588d37", "text": "Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) . Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b12db3e0cda5a4423dee4b8b10ef57", "text": "Hrid Majharey Hrid Majharey ( Live in my Heart ) is a critically acclaimed 2014 India-Bengali cult love tragedy film written and directed by debutant Bengali filmmaker Ranjan Ghosh . Inspired by Othello and incorporating elements from Macbeth and Julius Caesar , this was the first film in the Bengali language based on the works of William Shakespeare and is internationally considered as one of the top five World Adaptations of Othello . It was first presented as a tribute on his 450th Birth Anniversary in 2014 . Critics consider it among the top ten adaptations of Shakespeare in Indian cinema , since 1949 . The movie achieved cult status by having the unique honour of surviving a crucial two-year journey , from its launch in July 2014 celebrating Shakespeare 's 450th birth-anniversary , to being showcased at a British Conference on the Bard held in London in April 2016 to mark 400 years of his death . The prestigious Oxford , Cambridge and RSA Examinations Board enlisted Hrid Majharey in ` Additional Resources - World/International Adaptations of Othello ' for their ' A Level Drama and Theatre ' course with the theme ` Heroes and Villains - Othello ' . Earlier in 2015 , the movie was screened at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts , and was included in their PhD in Cinema Studies ( ` Shakespeare and Indian Cinema ' ) . Still earlier in its year of release in 2014 , it had earned a rare recommendation from Film London in its list of world cinema based on Shakespearean plays . In another major achievement , the film and its screenplay were included in the UGC Literature Archive through the ` Shakespeare in Bengal ' project conducted by Jadavpur University . Hrid Majharey had already created history by becoming the first Bengali film to be shot in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands after a gap of more than three decades . It was shot in 2013 in the Archipelagos . The last time was in 1979 when veteran filmmaker Tapan Sinha partly shot his children 's adventure film Sabuj Dwiper Raja in Port Blair . Matinee idols Abir Chatterjee and Raima Sen debuted together in a romantic pairing for the very first time in this modern revisiting of William Shakespeare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d07b724297d0eb5d2d0fb01878f0ba", "text": "Antonieta Antonieta is a 1982 film by Spanish director Carlos Saura , starring Isabelle Adjani and Hanna Schygulla . The film , a Mexican-Spanish French co production , was based on a novel by Andrés Henestrosa . The plot centers on the life of Antonieta Rivas Mercado , a Mexican writer who killed herself inside Paris ' Notre Dame in 1931 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1c18d1f956778f1005459d82ae0ebb", "text": "Annalee Jefferies Annalee Jefferies ( born May 14 , 1954 , in Houston , Texas ) is an American stage actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34ee0426bf6e571bd28e9da02f3f0aef", "text": "The Princess Comes Across The Princess Comes Across is a 1936 mystery/comedy film directed by William K. Howard and starring Carole Lombard and Fred MacMurray , the second of the four times they were paired together . Lombard , playing an actress from Brooklyn pretending to be a Swedish princess , does a `` film-length takeoff '' on MGM 's Swedish star Greta Garbo . The film was based on the 1935 novel A Halálkabin by Louis Lucien Rogger , the pseudonym of Laszlo Aigner and Louis Acze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b1ba948990e165d652d339c5d811c6c", "text": "Anna Bornemisza Anna Bornemisza ( 1630-1688 ) , was a Hungarian noble , princess consort of Transylvania as the spouse of Michael I Apafi and mother of Michael II Apafi . Her cookery book from 1680 , as well as her preserved household budget book , are regarded as important documents of Hungarian literary history . As Princess of Transylvania , Anna exerted a large and acknowledged influence upon the affairs of state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e334782d1fdf418d67483aaa200a3091", "text": "Anna and the King of Siam Anna and the King of Siam may refer to : Anna and the King of Siam ( novel ) , a 1944 novel by Margaret Landon Anna and the King of Siam ( film ) , a 1946 film starring Irene Dunne and Rex Harrison Anna and the King ( TV series ) , a 1972 American sitcom Anna and the King , a 1999 film starring Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-Fat", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e504967d13d5d0a19baa11920c612f", "text": "Anna Cymmerman Anna Cymmerman is a Polish operatic soprano . She studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź where she majored in Vocal Acting and Performance and graduated with honors in June , 2000 . While a student , she debuted as a soloist in the Grand Theatre , Łódź . There , she performed in Polish as Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues of the Carmelites directed by Christopher Kelm . Her performance was appreciated both by critics and viewers . She won a competition whose judges included Ewa Podleś and Andrzej Drabowicz . She has since performed in opera productions in Austria , Denmark , Holland , and Germany . Her performance in Karol Szymanowski 's Stabat Mater at Chicago 's International Music Theater was considered a great success . Cymmerman 's repertoire of leading roles includes Elvira in Verdi 's Ernani ; the Second Lady in Mozart 's The Magic Flute ( touring to Germany , Denmark , Netherlands , Belgium ) ; Corinna in Rossini 's Il viaggio a Reims for the Polish National Opera , the Grand Theatre , Warsaw ; Neddy in Leoncavallo 's Pagliacci ( Grand Theatre ) ; Margaret in Gounod 's Faust for the Baltic State Opera in Gdańsk , the title role in the Polish premiere of Cilea 's Adriana Lecouvreur ( Grand Theatre ) , the Countess in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and the title role in Stanisław Moniuszko 's The Countess . In the lighter repertoire , her roles include Sylva in Kálmán 's Die Csárdásfürstin , Hanna Glawari in Lehár 's The Merry Widow , Rosalinde in Strauss ' Die Fledermaus , the Widow in Kander 's Zorba , and Clara in Gershwin 's Porgy and Bess .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5703e53967fd8dbe59fff1b249d3e9da", "text": "I, Anna I , Anna is a 2012 noir thriller film written and directed by Barnaby Southcombe and based on Elsa Lewin 's novel of the same name . The film stars Southcombe 's mother Charlotte Rampling alongside Gabriel Byrne and Hayley Atwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f9ce626e45289d05fee4c6ef9ed9aa4", "text": "King's Rhapsody King 's Rhapsody is a musical with book and music by Ivor Novello and lyrics by Christopher Hassall . The musical was first produced at the Palace Theatre , London , on 15 September 1949 and ran for 841 performances , surviving its author , who died in 1951 . It starred Novello in the title role of the heir to the throne under pressure from his long-lived mother , Queen Elana , to abdicate in favour of his infant son , with Phyllis Dare as his mistress Marta Karillos , Zena Dare as Queen Elana , Vanessa Lee as Princess Cristiane , Robert Andrews as Vanescu , and Olive Gilbert as Countess Vera . A 1955 film adaptation was made , starring Errol Flynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e225048399f034d939dc257ee6cd8a9", "text": "Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie . The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man . Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17be83791d9b59f17bf43a51f095fa49", "text": "Anna Hopkins Anna Hopkins ( born February 12 , 1987 ) is a Canadian actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f090bfb5b6d75a015f538219df078e51", "text": "Anna Townsend Anna Townsend ( January 5 , 1845 -- September 11 , 1923 ) was a long-time theatre actress who turned to silent film in an advanced stage of her life . Townsend performed in several Harold Lloyd films , she is probably best known for her role as Harold 's good-hearted grandmother in Grandma 's Boy ( 1922 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edc1260565d7d1f54625d192e73f850a", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway throughout her acting career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b88cd5e81c756601c61d1bd406ebf52", "text": "Anna Fantastic Anna Garcia , whose legal name is Anna Florence and is professionally known as Anna Fantastic ( a name given to her by Prince ) , is an English actress , singer and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7", "text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7375c929ba8e13e3fd6b931caf233ef", "text": "Anna Palk Anna Palk ( 23 October 1941 -- 1 July 1990 ) was an English actress . Palk was born in Looe , Cornwall , England and educated at Rise Hall Convent in the East Riding of Yorkshire , and trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London . She followed this with rep at Bristol , Leatherhead , Derby , Newcastle upon Tyne and Leeds before embarking on a successful film and television career . Her stage appearances included productions of ` Smith By Any Other Name ' , ` School for Scandal ' , ` Present Laughter ' , ` Butley ' ( in Vienna ) , ` Sexual Perversions ' ( in Chicago ) and a number of national tours . She was married to stockbroker Derek Brierley with whom she had a son , Jonathan . Her film appearances included Play It Cool ( 1962 ) , The Earth Dies Screaming ( 1964 ) , The Skull ( 1965 ) , Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , The Frozen Dead ( 1966 ) , The Nightcomers ( 1971 ) and Tower of Evil ( 1972 ) . She also appeared on TV in Witch Hunt ( 1967 ) , The Persuaders ! ( episode `` The Time and the Place '' , 1970 ) , Jason King ( 1971 ) , The Protectors ( 1972-1974 ) and as Lady Sarah in The Main Chance ( 1969 -- 72 ) . She died in 1990 in London , England , of cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c957df4756a2ec0c6cd126ab65c3494d", "text": "Hotel Imperial (1939 film) Hotel Imperial is a 1939 American dramatic film directed by Robert Florey . It stars Isa Miranda and Ray Milland . The plot follows a 1917 play by the Hungarian writer Lajos Bíró : in the waning days of World War I , on the Russian-Austrian frontier , a young woman looking to avenge the suicide of her sister poses as a chambermaid in the Hotel Imperial . A Hungarian silent film was released in 1918 , and an American version starring Pola Negri in 1927 . The history of this production began in 1936 , with Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer in the lead roles , but Dietrich clashed repeatedly with director Henry Hathaway . Filming resumed with Margaret Sullavan , who broke her arm , necessitating yet another cast change . Four years after the release of this version , Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) moved the setting ahead to World War II and featured Franchot Tone and Ann Baxter . Milland had a near-fatal accident on the set . One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village . Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself , but as he was making a scripted jump on the horse , his saddle came loose , sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry . Knocked unconscious for 24 hours , he was laid up in the hospital for weeks with multiple fractures and lacerations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4f6ae5ec7e22e45927979d15d3d0c5c1", "text": "Brave (2012 film) Brave is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It was directed by Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman and co-directed by Steve Purcell . The story is by Chapman , with the screenplay by Andrews , Purcell , Chapman and Irene Mecchi . The film was produced by Katherine Sarafian , with John Lasseter , Andrew Stanton , and Pete Docter as executive producers . The film 's voice cast features Kelly Macdonald , Billy Connolly , Emma Thompson , Julie Walters , Robbie Coltrane , Kevin McKidd , and Craig Ferguson . Set in the Scottish Highlands , the film tells the story of a princess named Merida who defies an age-old custom , causing chaos in the kingdom by expressing the desire not to be betrothed . Chapman drew inspiration for the film 's story from her relationship with her own daughter . Co-directing with Mark Andrews , Chapman became Pixar 's first female director of a feature-length film . To create the most complex visuals possible , Pixar completely rewrote their animation system for the first time in 25 years . Brave is the first film to use the Dolby Atmos sound format . Brave premiered on June 10 , 2012 , at the Seattle International Film Festival , and was released in North America on June 22 , 2012 , to both positive reviews and box office success . The film won the Academy Award , the Golden Globe , and the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Feature Film . Preceding the feature theatrically was a short film entitled La Luna , directed by Enrico Casarosa .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b770417c16793d7ce8dbdfea24bd7c6", "text": "Dolby Atmos Dolby Atmos is the name of a surround sound technology announced by Dolby Laboratories in April 2012 and released in June of the same year , first utilized in Pixar 's Brave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e9935752f4db8d70fe09381f0fdecc", "text": "The Mighty Ducks The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek , starring Emilio Estevez . It was produced by The Kerner Entertainment Company and Avnet -- Kerner Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the first film in the Mighty Ducks trilogy . In the UK , South Africa and Australia , the film was retitled Champions . Subsequently , UK home releases are now titled The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions , reflecting both titles , as well as to possibly avoid confusion with the sequel ( retitled as just The Mighty Ducks ) . The year after the film 's release , an NHL hockey club , named the `` Mighty Ducks '' in reference to the film , was founded in Anaheim , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6171ad9e66b5b119b5b4b469735fe8ca", "text": "The Walt Disney Company CIS The Walt Disney Company CIS , LLC is one of The Walt Disney Company 's international divisions . The Walt Disney Company CIS was founded in April 2006 . It is headquartered in Moscow , the capital of Russia . In 2007 , Walt Disney Company CIS and Sony Pictures Russia created the joint venture of Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing CIS . The company owns and operates Russian versions of Disney Channel and Playhouse Disney . Disney Channel was originally planned to launch in 2009 , but a Disney Americas deal with Media-One Holdings was denied by Russian authorities . The Walt Disney Company CIS produced the film The Book of Masters . Marina Zhigalova-Ozkan is head of The Walt Disney Company CIS . The Walt Disney Company CIS planned to make two new films in the summer of 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "683b93384d36c1c05900189251eb72e0", "text": "Virtual Magic Kingdom Virtual Magic Kingdom , also known as VMK , was a massively multiplayer online game developed by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts and Sulake Corporation and published by The Walt Disney Company . It was a virtual representation of the Disneyland style theme parks , containing areas and minigames which were based on real park scenery and attractions . It was launched as part of the Happiest Celebration on Earth promotional campaign to commemorate fifty years of Disney theme parks . The beta version opened publicly on May 23 , 2005 , with three virtual lands to explore : Main Street USA , Fantasyland , and Adventureland . This `` beta '' designation was removed on June 27 . The Tomorrowland game area was made available on October 5 , and Frontierland opened on December 12 . The rest of Tomorrowland opened on April 4 , 2006 , and New Orleans Square , the final land added , opened on January 8 , 2007 . VMK initially launched as an attachment to the Disneyland 50th-anniversary celebration , without long-term intentions , but it gained popularity and eventually became a long-term venture on its own . The target audience of the game was children between the ages of 8 and 14 , although VMK was designed to be enjoyed by guests of all ages . Due to the young age of the game 's target users , it was patrolled by paid staff who watched out for inappropriate behavior and language . Because of the need for human monitors , the time that the game was open had to be limited ; it was open to the public daily between 7:00 am -- 10:00 pm PST ( 10:00 am -- 1:00 am EST , 3:00 pm -- 6:00 am UTC ) . On May 21 , 2008 , the Virtual Magic Kingdom game was closed by Disney . Many fans asked Disney if VMK was going to reopen . This prompted Disney to post a message on the VMK homepage that the game was a promotion , and was closed , and that there were `` no plans '' to reopen VMK in any form . The VMK homepage now redirects to the main Disney games site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99", "text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf49f4fd331ffb611d4eb8ae0520a0f", "text": "Walt Disney World Dolphin The Walt Disney World Dolphin is a resort hotel designed by architect Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney 's Hollywood Studios in the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake , Florida , next to Disney 's BoardWalk Resort area . It opened on June 1 , 1990 and is joined to its sister hotel , the Walt Disney World Swan ( also designed by Graves ) by a palm-tree lined covered walkway crossing a lagoon . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin is a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company , Tishman Hotel Corporation , MetLife and Starwood Hotels and Resorts . The land the resort occupies is owned by the Walt Disney Company , while the buildings themselves are leased by Disney to the Tishman Hotel Corporation and MetLife but operated by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide under the Sheraton Hotels brand . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin are a part of the Walt Disney Collection of resorts ; because of this they are Disney branded and guests of the resort have access to special Disney benefits available to Disney Resort Hotel guests only . The Dolphin and Swan share similar elements , but each has a distinctive appearance . The Dolphin is composed of a 257 ft tall triangular tower bisecting a 12-story rectangular mass with four 9-story wings on the Swan-side of the structure . The roof of each half of the main mass is adorned with a 56 ft tall Dolphin statue . On the main colored facade there is a turquoise banana-leaf pattern echoed by a similar wave pattern on the Swan . The statues on top of the Dolphin hotel are not mammalian dolphins , but a stylized version of a nautical dolphin , a common symbol used on old world nautical maps . The design of the creatures is based on Triton Fountain in Rome . In 2008 , The Walt Disney Dolphin Resort was awarded a One Palm Designation through the Florida Green Lodging Program established by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection . The Florida Green Lodging Program is a voluntary state initiative that provides the lodging industry with free technical assistance , encouraging hotels and motels to adopt cost-saving `` green '' practices that reduce waste , conserve natural resources and improve the bottom line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "135bfe6a43251569b89010794c1a362f", "text": "The Young and The Brave The Young and The Brave ( also known by the working title Attong ) is a feature film released in 1963 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which depicts the quality of bravery of a group of prisoners of war that escaped North Korean capture , their youthful companion , and his dog during their journey to the American lines . Starring Rory Calhoun , William Bendix , Richard Jaeckel , and Manuel Padilla , Jr. , it was written by Ronald Davidson , Beirne Lay , Jr. , and Harry M. Slott , directed by Francis D. Lyon and produced by A.C. Lyles . It was Bendix 's fourth last film . Shot on location in Ventura County , California , the film has been recognized by Turner Classic Movies ( TCM ) as a historical representation of the war film genre . Preserved in their archives in 2006 , the film is widely distributed through the network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d1a1cf3ab3520454d717ce27f65ddb0", "text": "Charlotte's Web Charlotte 's Web is a children 's novel by American author E. B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams ; it was published in October 15 , 1952 , by Harper & Brothers . The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte . When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer , Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur ( such as `` Some Pig '' ) in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live . Written in White 's dry , low-key manner , Charlotte 's Web is considered a classic of children 's literature , enjoyable to adults as well as children . The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing , as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing . In 2000 , Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children 's paperback of all time . Charlotte 's Web was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 . Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel , Charlotte 's Web 2 : Wilbur 's Great Adventure , in the U.S. in 2003 ( Universal released the film internationally ) . A live-action film version of E. B. White 's original story was released in 2006 . A video game based on this adaption was also released in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38b12560b3f8d4d568514d68757366bd", "text": "The Tale of the Fox The Tale of the Fox ( Le Roman de Renard , Reinecke Fuchs ) was stop-motion animation pioneer Ladislas Starevich 's first fully animated feature film . The film is based on the tales of Renard the Fox . Although the animation was finished in Paris after an 18-month period ( 1929-1930 ) , there were major problems with adding a soundtrack to the film . Finally , funding was given for a German soundtrack by the UFA -- Goethe had written a classic version of the Renard legend -- and this version had its premiere in Berlin in April 1937 . Released eight months before Disney 's Snow White , it is the world 's sixth-ever animated feature film ( and the second to use puppet animation , following The New Gulliver from the USSR ) . The film was released in France with a French language soundtrack in 1941 ; this is the version which is currently available on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50b0bfbf5ed4fa084f8cfbb70a5bd7b", "text": "List of Disney live-action shorts This is a listing of live-action motion picture shorts produced by Walt Disney or The Walt Disney Company , from 1921 to the present . This list only includes shorts which were initially released as individual shorts , which excludes the shorts that were originally released as part of Disney features in the 1950s and later re-released as individual shorts . This list also does not include shorts that do not contain any original stock footage . This list includes shorts with both live action and animation only if the majority of the short contains live action . This list does not include any trailers as they are usually edited from the features they are supposed to promote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd58522106163a5f5d32bb20c2d63b3", "text": "Brave (The Shires album) Brave is the debut studio album by British country music duo The Shires , released in 2015 . The album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart , making the Shires the first ever homegrown British country act to have a top ten album in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "556a09a7ea9c54c5bf4955a28c618b2c", "text": "Sam Walton Samuel Moore `` Sam '' Walton ( March 29 , 1918 -- April 5 , 1992 ) was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam 's Club .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8af0645d88b2e6aa515a38304c99d6ff", "text": "Brian Walton (musician) Brian George Walton Jr. ( born October 8 , 1964 in Duarte , California ) is an American Country , Southern rock , and Classic rock multi-instrumentalist , songwriter , producer and singer . In 1991 , he made his debut releasing the album `` Made in the Shade '' which included the billboard Country Chart Top 5 hits `` Made in the Shade '' and `` Travelin ' Band '' . Since then he has released three more albums , including the highly successful `` Made in the Shade Live ! '' album recorded during live performances in 2001 . Brian studied music at Juilliard and has been a long time member of the Songwriters Guild of America , American Music Association and ASCAP . In the last 30 years he has written and/or produced over 400 jingles for radio and television , 5 Billboard hits and produced 4 Top 100 albums . He currently lives in Challis , Idaho with his wife Inge . Brian has three sons Christopher ( 28 ) and Patrick ( 24 ) from his current wife Inge and Stephan ( 29 ) from a previous marriage . Brian considers himself `` genre agnostic '' preferring a wide range of musical styles although country and country rock is where he has had the most success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1d47e40ca0498d53ce4aa3a32d14425", "text": "Thomas Walton (disambiguation) Thomas Walton was an English politician . Thomas Walton may also refer to : Thomas J. Walton ( born 1977 ) , American actor , producer and director Thomas Walton ( pirate ) , 16th-century British pirate", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1335861cec3f21c722f2cbf2d724673", "text": "Audrey J. Walton Stadium (Columbia, Missouri) Audrey J. Walton Stadium on the campus of the University of Missouri is the home of the Missouri Tigers track and field teams and the Missouri Relays track and field meet . Audrey J. Walton , the namesake of the Stadium , was married to Sam Walton 's brother , Bud Walton . Sam Walton is the founder of Wal-Mart and an alumnus of the University . The stadium has a seating capacity of 2,500 and is also the home of the men 's and women 's soccer teams at the University of Missouri . Category : Sports venues in Missouri Category : Athletics ( track and field ) venues in the United States Category : College track and field venues in the United States Category : Missouri Tigers track and field venues Category : Soccer venues in Missouri Category : University of Missouri campus Category : Sports venues in Columbia , Missouri Category : Buildings and structures in Columbia , Missouri Category : College soccer venues in the United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf8ca8f2c34ab1882f8ded3e390c0c70", "text": "Uncle Sam (diamond) Uncle Sam is the nickname for the largest diamond ever discovered in the United States . It was found in 1924 in Murfreesboro , Arkansas at the Prairie Creek pipe mine , which later became known as the Crater of Diamonds State Park . The diamond was named `` Uncle Sam '' after the nickname of its finder , Wesley Oley Basham , a worker at the Arkansas Diamond Corporation . The rough diamond as originally discovered weighed 40.23 carats ( 8.046 g ) . It was faceted twice by Schenck & Van Haelen of New York , a company which specialized in Arkansas diamonds , handling over 14,000 . The company described those diamonds as being so hard that they could only be cut using powder of other Arkansas diamonds . The final result was a 12.42-carat ( 2.484 g ) emerald-cut gem . It was characterized as M on the diamond color scale ; this nominally corresponds to a faint yellow color , but the visual impression of Uncle Sam has been variously described as white or slight pink . Judging from the color , the diamond is most likely of pure IIa diamond type meaning the amount of impurities it has is below a few parts per million . The clarity of the stone was assessed as VVS1 , which stands for Very Very Slightly Included and means the stone has minute non-diamond inclusions that are difficult for a skilled grader to see under 10x magnification . The diamond was owned by the Peikin Jewelers of Fifth Avenue , New York . It was lent by Peikin to the American Museum of Natural History for temporary display and storage . In 1971 it was acquired by a Boston dealer , Sidney de Young , and sold for $ 150,000 to an anonymous private collector . The discovery of Uncle Sam arguably rescued the Arkansas Diamond Corporation , which had a debt over US$ 276,470 by that time and was going to be shut down in the winter of 1924 . The number of diamonds found on the surface was decreasing , and the cost of digging operations was estimated as higher than the expected diamond recovery . Not that the value of the diamond was sufficient to cover the debts , but the discovery lifted the spirits enough to keep the surface operations . Currently , the Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas is the only public diamond mine in the world . Over 75,000 diamonds have been found here since the opening of the park in 1906 . The place where Uncle Sam was discovered is marked , and many additional diamonds have been found there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3e894097330eae73c095dda783ec26", "text": "Woodruff (surname) Woodruff is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Abraham O. Woodruff ( 1872 -- 1904 ) , member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and son of Wilford Woodruff Blake Woodruff ( born 1995 ) , actor Bille Woodruff , video and film director Bob Woodruff , an American journalist Bob Woodruff ( American football ) former University of Florida and Baylor University head football coach Bob Woodruff ( singer ) , American country musician Bobby Woodruff ( born 1940 ) , former professional footballer Carle Augustus Woodruff ( 1841 -- 1913 ) , U.S. Army brigadier general and Medal of Honor recipient C. E. Woodruff , American reverend , educator , and college football coach Chris Woodruff ( born 1973 ) , American tennis player Christian B. Woodruff ( born 1829 ) , New york politician Dwayne Woodruff ( born 1957 ) , American football player Elvira Woodruff ( born 1951 ) , American children 's writer Ernest Woodruff ( 1863 -- 1944 ) , Atlanta businessman who took over Coca-Cola Freddie Woodruff , American officer George Cecil Woodruff , an American businessman and football coach George Washington Woodruff , an American football coach as well as a teacher , lawyer and politician Hale Woodruff ( 1900 -- 1980 ) , American painter John Woodruff ( representative ) ( 1826 -- 1868 ) , was a U.S. Congressman from Connecticut John Woodruff ( 1915 -- 2007 ) , American 1936 Olympic gold metal 800 meter runner JT Woodruff , guitarist and lead vocalist of Hawthorne Heights Judy Woodruff , a TV journalist Lewis Bartholomew Woodruff ( 1809 -- 1875 ) , New York judge Maurice Woodruff ( 1916 -- 1973 ) , a British clairvoyant and astrologer Michael Woodruff , a pioneer in transplantation biology and surgery Paul Woodruff , philosophy and classics professor , University of Texas at Austin Richard Woodruff ( Upper Canada politician ) ( 1784 -- 1872 ) Robert Woodruff ( disambiguation ) , several people Rosalie Woodruff , Australian politician Roscoe B. Woodruff ( 1891 -- 1975 ) , American general Roy O. Woodruff ( 1876 -- 1953 ) , U.S. Representative from Michigan Sarah Woodruff , the main character of The French Lieutenant 's Woman Thomas M. Woodruff ( 1804 -- 1855 ) , U.S. Congressman from New York Thomas Tuttle Woodruff ( 1811 -- 1892 ) , Woodruff Sleeping & Palace Car Company , Central Transportation Company , Woodruff Sleeping & Parlor Coach Company , Union Palace Car Company Timothy L. Woodruff ( 1858 -- 1913 ) , Lieutenant Governor of New York William Woodruff ( disambiguation ) , several people Wilford Woodruff , fourth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7481e4d842f3fe073d2b72ce24ab3f", "text": "Walton Studios Walton Studios ( previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios ) , was a film production studio situated in Walton-on-Thames , in the county of Surrey , in England . The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th Century led to a decline in work for the facility , and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was closed in 1961 . The Studio was subsequently demolished and the land sold for house building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f609b4780542a5040cba139dd4f6df2", "text": "Managerialism Managerialism is a belief in the value of professional managers and of the concepts and methods they use . Contemporary management writers such as Thomas Diefenbach associate managerialism with hierarchy . But managerialism is also linked to control , accountability and measurement , and an ideologically determined belief in the importance of tightly managed organizations , as opposed to individuals , or to groups that do not resemble an organization . Following Enteman 's classic on Managerialism : The Emergence of a New Ideology ( 1993 ) , American management experts Robert Locke and J C Spender see managerialism as an expression of a special group -- management -- that entrenches itself ruthlessly and systemically in an organization . It deprives owners of decision-making power and workers of their ability to resist managerialism . In fact the rise of managerialism may in itself be a response to people 's resistance in society and more specific workers ' opposition against managerial regimes . Building on Enteman ( 1993 ) and Locke/Spender ( 2011 ) the most up-to-date definition of Managerialism has been delivered by Thomas Klikauer in `` Managerialism -- Critique of an Ideology '' ( 2013 ) defining Managerialism as '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Managerialism combines management knowledge and ideology to establish itself systemically in organisations and society while depriving owners , employees ( organisational-economical ) and civil society ( social-political ) of all decision-making powers . Managerialism justifies the application of managerial techniques to all areas of society on the grounds of superior ideology , expert training , and the exclusive possession of managerial knowledge necessary to efficiently run corporations and societies . '' As Fayol 's and Taylor 's simple management mutated into managerialism , managerialism became a full-fledged ideology under the following formula : Management + Ideology + Expansion = Managerialism Two examples of the extension of management into the non-management domain -- the not for profit sphere of human existence -- are public schools and universities . In both cases , managerialism occurs when public institutions are run `` as if '' these were for-profit organization even though they remain government institutions funded through state taxes . In these cases , the term new public management has been used . But the ideology of managerialism can even extend into more distant institutions such as , for example , a College of Physicians . At a time when much of this started Albert A. Anderson summarized managerialism as the ideological principle that sees societies as equivalent to the sum of the decisions and transactions made by the managements of organizations . This carries connotations to the Historian James Hoopes wrote ( 2003 ) : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- the main genesis of managerialism lay in the human relations movement that took root at the Harvard Business School in the 1920s and 1930s under the guiding hand of Professor Elton Mayo . Mayo , an immigrant from Australia , saw democracy as divisive and lacking in community spirit . He looked to corporate managers to restore the social harmony that he believed the uprooting experiences of immigration and industrialization had destroyed and that democracy was incapable of repairing . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcd60f24005a76332fedf320af098a99", "text": "Sam Shoemaker Samuel Moor Shoemaker III DD , STD ( December 27 , 1893 -- October 31 , 1963 ) was a priest of the Episcopal Church . Considered one of the best preachers of his era , whose sermons were syndicated for distribution by tape and radio networks for decades , Shoemaker served as the rector of Calvary Episcopal Church in New York City , the United States headquarters of the Oxford Group during the 1930s , and later at Calvary Episcopal Church in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Sam Shoemaker 's interdenominational focus and the Oxford Group were significant influences for the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous . Bill Wilson attended Oxford Group meetings at Calvary Church , and Sam Shoemaker also helped start an Oxford Group chapter in Akron , Ohio , where Dr. Bob Smith became involved . Shoemaker 's contributions and service to Alcoholics Anonymous had a worldwide effect . The philosophy that Shoemaker codified , in conjunction with Bill Wilson , is used in almost every country around the world to treat alcoholism . Similar programs are used to help relatives of alcoholics , as well as people suffering with other addictions such as to narcotics . Serious disagreements with Oxford Group founder Frank Buchman led Shoemaker to separate from Buchman in 1941 . Sam Shoemaker and his followers later formed `` Faith At Work '' as a continuation of his interdenominational conference and publication projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "631e7fb204a3a3cc03a5b98246e84cc4", "text": "Walton Hi-Tech Industries Limited Walton Hi-Tech Industry Limited ( WHIL ) , a conglomerate based in Dhaka , Bangladesh is the sister concern of WALTON Group and it is the manufacturing and assembly plant of Walton consumer goods and automobiles based in Chandra , Gazipur . It was established in 1977 and formed in present organogram on 2002 and construction completed in 2006 , beginning operations from 2008 . The total area of the factory is 2,160,000 square feet ( 201,000 m2 ) . 8000 technical professionals and staff work in this factory . There are several units inside the factory where various components of refrigerator , freezer , motorcycle , air-conditioners and their spare parts are designed , manufactured and assembled . Walton decided to manufacture its own compressor and engines for its refrigerators and motor cycles . The company aims to produce 3 million refrigerator compressors and 300,000 motorcycle engines . -LSB- 5 -RSB- Walton inaugurated its new refrigerator manufacturing factory on April 5 , 2013 . -LSB- 6 -RSB- . Walton is the first motorcycle manufacturer of Bangladesh with different models of 80 cc to 150 cc motorcycle . The company exports products in different countries of the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9af0ae452dfecce7c5b185f69cbe5f", "text": "David Walton (writer) David Walton is an American short story writer , novelist and critic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "150f130acd6dc67b5ddbda37def53862", "text": "Leonard Sainer Leonard Sainer ( b. 12 October 1909 - d. 30 September 1991 ) enjoyed two very successful careers , as a solicitor and a retailer . He attended the Central Foundation Boys ' School . After education at University College London , he became a solicitor in 1933 . He was a founding partner of the firm of Titmuss Sainer and Webb in 1938 . One of his previous clients , Charles Clore , had been so impressed by him that he transferred his legal work to the new firm . Sainer worked closely with Clore in developing his retail activities , eventually helping him to set up Sears plc. . Following the death of Titmuss , Sainer became senior partner and remained so until 1978 , when he became a consultant . During this time , Titmuss Sainer and Webb had become one of the largest solicitor 's firms in Great Britain , and was regarded as the best firm for retail property transactions . In 1978 , Sainer succeeded Clore as Chairman of Sears plc. . He retired in 1985 , becoming its life president . From 1964 to 1989 , he was a trustee of the Clore Foundation . The Leonard Sainer Trust was established by his will . It sponsors several charitable activities , such as the Leonard Sainer Centre in Ilford for children with special needs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70480591f269e0fd19e6b4a4c226c49", "text": "Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast . From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast . In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37bfdb55c489882855fc3d80c5dc8e8b", "text": "Doug McMillon Carl Douglas `` Doug '' McMillon ( born October 17 , 1966 ) is an American businessman and is the president and chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Wal-Mart Stores , Inc. . He sits on the retailer 's board of directors . Having first joined the company as a summer associate in high school , he became the company 's fifth CEO in 2014 . He previously led the company 's Sam 's Club division , from 2005 to 2009 , and Walmart International , from 2009 to 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b1e356c7a99734acd0d1f73d479cc51", "text": "Mark Walton (American football) Mark Walton is an American football running back for the Miami Hurricanes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "118a04fc48d95e9da4824ce3f59ef897", "text": "Alice Walton Alice Louise Walton ( born October 7 , 1949 ) is an American heiress to the fortune of Wal-Mart Stores , Inc. . She is the daughter of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton and Helen Walton , and sister of S. Robson Walton , Jim Walton and the late John T. Walton . With a net worth of $ 40.8 billion she is the second wealthiest woman in the world , according to Forbes . In September 2016 she was reported to own over in Walmart shares . She has been arrested multiple times for driving while intoxicated , and in 1989 , she was involved in the speeding death of a 50-year-old woman , Oleta Hardin , a cannery worker , but no charges were filed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "846f1d62ca3cd04786a1339419a56c6c", "text": "Andrew Sasson Andrew Jacques Sasson ( born 1970 in Walton-on-Thames , England ) is a British-American nightlife entrepreneur , hotelier , and real estate developer . He is the founder of The Light Group , and gained prominence as a trendsetter in the high-end nightclub , lounge , and restaurant industries . He is well known for his highly successful , innovative ventures in New York City and Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3d762b657a1c7dd9c0faff61bda04e", "text": "Mergers and acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions ( M&A ) are transactions in which the ownership of companies , other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined . As an aspect of strategic management , M&A can allow enterprises to grow , shrink , and change the nature of their business or competitive position . From a legal point of view , a merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one entity , whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity 's stock , equity interests or assets . From a commercial and economic point of view , both types of transactions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity , and the distinction between a `` merger '' and an `` acquisition '' is less clear . A transaction legally structured as an acquisition may have the effect of placing one party 's business under the indirect ownership of the other party 's shareholders , while a transaction legally structured as a merger may give each party 's shareholders partial ownership and control of the combined enterprise . A deal may be euphemistically called a `` merger of equals '' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies , while when the deal is unfriendly ( that is , when the management of the target company opposes the deal ) it may be regarded as an `` acquisition '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae70c8a31f12806b50b3d7d22acfb42f", "text": "George Walton Comprehensive High School George Walton Comprehensive High School , also known as Walton High School , is a public high school located in Marietta , Georgia , United States . It is in eastern Cobb County and is a charter school in the Cobb County School District . It is a School of Excellence and one of the top schools academically in the state . It is one of the larger high schools in the East Cobb area . As of the October 2 , 2012 FTE count , there were 2,636 students attending Walton , making it the largest in the district by population . For many years Walton has been among the top high schools in Georgia in SAT scores . In 2006 , almost 800 Walton students took over 1,800 Advanced Placement exams , making it the school with the greatest number of test-takers in Georgia . Walton was also one of six featured `` Outstanding American High Schools '' out of 96 total by U.S.News & World Report in 1999 because of its high parental involvement and overall high level of achievement . In 2011 , Walton was ranked 67 by Newsweek based on new factors : graduation rate ( 25 % ) , college matriculation rate ( 25 % ) , AP tests taken per graduate ( 25 % ) , average SAT/ACT scores ( 10 % ) , average AP/IB/AICE scores ( 10 % ) , and AP courses offered ( 5 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "967b3c4cee6631175c71b83285c57f0d", "text": "Samuel A. Beatty Samuel Alston `` Sam '' Beatty ( April 23 , 1923 -- May 21 , 2014 ) was an American jurist and educator . Born and raised in Tuscaloosa , Alabama , Beatty graduated from Tuscaloosa High School in 1939 . He was enrolled as a student at the University of Alabama when he and his friends listened to the news broadcast of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 . They immediately went to Van De Graft Airfield and took the Army Air Corps Air Cadet entrance examination . He passed . After qualifying as a B-25 pilot , Beatty was sent to the Solomon Islands as part of the 69th Bomb Squadron of the 13th Air Force , where he flew 62 combat missions against Japanese air fields such as Kahili and Japanese shipping . He was sent home in 1944 to become a B-25 instructor at Turner Air Field in Albany , GA. . He was discharged in 1945 and returned home to Tuscaloosa , where he took full advantage of the GI Bill to complete his studies at the University of Alabama . He received his B.S. in 1948 . During 1949 he served as a Veterans Service Office and married Maude Applegate Beatty , also from Tuscaloosa , whom he met at the University . He enrolled in the University of Alabama School of Law in 1950 . He graduated first in his class in 1953 . Beatty practiced law in Tuscaloosa , Alabama , with the firm of Dominick , Rosenfeld & Nicol from 1953 to 1955 . At the request of Dean Leigh Harrison , in 1955 Beatty left law practice and joined the faculty at the University of Alabama School of Law , where he taught until 1970 . Again at Dean Harrison 's suggestion , Beatty applied for and was awarded a Ford Foundation fellowship to pursue graduate studies at Columbia University during the school year 1958-9 . He received his LL.M . from Columbia in 1959 , and his J.S.D. from Columbia in 1964 . His faculty advisor at Columbia was Herbert Wechsler . Beatty was a visiting professor of law at the University of Cincinnati School of Law during 1966-7 . In 1970 , he left Tuscaloosa to become Dean of the Walter F. George School of Law at Mercer University . Beatty left Mercer to become the Senior Trust Officer at Trust Company Bank in Macon . In 1974 , he returned to Alabama to become an Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Civil Division under then Attorney General Bill Baxley ( a former law student at Alabama ) in charge of the Civil Division . In 1975 , he returned to Tuscaloosa to open a law firm . In 1976 , a group of former students , including Edward L. Hardin , Jr. , persuaded Beatty to enter the Democratic primary to run for a seat on the Alabama Supreme Court , which he won . The incumbent , Pelham Merrill , then retired , and Governor Wallace appointed Beatty on June 1 , 1976 , to serve the remainder of Merrill 's unexpired term . Beatty was reelected in 1982 , and retired from the court in 1989 . He died in Birmingham , Alabama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a544dbe9556af46aed088c2e78dbe285", "text": "Monroe, Georgia Monroe is a city in and the county seat of Walton County , Georgia . It is located east of Atlanta and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area . The population was 13,234 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "23868457db777a6bcb07e660c3100d12", "text": "Linda McCartney Linda Louise , Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; formerly See ; September 24 , 1941 -- April 17 , 1998 ) was an American musician , photographer , animal rights activist , entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Prior to marrying Paul , she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians , with her work published in music industry magazines . Her photos were also published in the book Linda McCartney 's Sixties : Portrait of an Era , in 1992 . Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St John 's Wood Church in London . Her daughter , Heather Louise , from her first marriage to Melville See , was adopted by her new husband . Together , the McCartneys had three other children . In 1971 , after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year , Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram . Shortly afterwards , they formed the band Wings . She continued to be part of her husband 's touring band following Wings ' break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993 . She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks , and founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband . In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "33bb4f94ee29446918dab63d64a4080b", "text": "Really Love You `` Really Love You '' is a song written by Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr -- their first-ever shared credit -- and originally released on McCartney 's 1997 album Flaming Pie . In 2005 , a remixed version was released as a limited edition 12 '' vinyl , from the album Twin Freaks . The song was written during a jam session the day after McCartney and Starr recorded `` Beautiful Night '' , another song on Flaming Pie that features Starr on drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e960b943ccdcb03e148819fb0f937403", "text": "Red Rose Speedway Red Rose Speedway is the second album by Paul McCartney and Wings and the fourth by McCartney since leaving the Beatles . The album was released in 1973 after the relatively weak commercial performance of McCartney 's previous , Wild Life , which had been credited to Wings . Red Rose Speedway reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and `` My Love '' was a No. 1 single and the most popular track from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdb4a040ee858b6b9f6e1dc792e2c47", "text": "Tell Me What You See `` Tell Me What You See '' is a song by the Beatles that first appeared in 1965 on their album Help ! in the United Kingdom and on Beatles VI in the United States . As with all Beatles compositions by either of the two , the song is credited to Lennon -- McCartney . Regarding the song 's authorship , Paul McCartney said , `` I seem to remember it as mine . I would claim it as a 60-40 but it might have been totally me . '' Lennon said , in his interviews with Playboy ( 1980 ) and Hit Parader ( 1972 ) , that `` Tell Me What You See '' was written completely by McCartney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "074c4ff4732ad6fbfdb2595eee5f726a", "text": "Michelle (song) `` Michelle '' is a love ballad by the Beatles , composed principally by Paul McCartney , with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon . It is featured on their Rubber Soul album , released in December 1965 . The song is unique among Beatles recordings in that some of its lyrics are in French . `` Michelle '' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and often recorded of all Beatles songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6449847a601fc0724665f5d63ee3908", "text": "Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight Blue Wild Angel : Live at the Isle of Wight is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix released on November 12 , 2002 . The album documents Hendrix 's last U.K. live performance at the Isle of Wight Festival on August 31 , 1970 , three weeks before his death . The set list for the concert contained songs from the original Experience albums , as well as new songs . Some were previously available on Isle of Wight ( 1971 ) and Live Isle of Wight '70 ( 1991 ) . Included in the set was an adaptation of `` God Save the Queen '' and a cover of The Beatles ' `` Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' , played just before launching into `` Spanish Castle Magic '' . The 22-minute version of `` Machine Gun '' includes walkie-talkie interference from security personnel feeding through the sound equipment . The CD set is more complete than the DVD release as it contains `` Midnight Lightning '' , `` Hey Baby ( New Rising Sun ) '' , and `` Hey Joe '' , three songs omitted from the DVD . There was also a `` highlights '' album released as a single disc , which contained eleven songs -- nine from disc one and two from disc two . It was re-released in 2003 as a three-disc `` Deluxe Sound & Vision Edition '' in a special box and slip cover format as part of Experience Hendrix 's plan to re-release most of Jimi Hendrix 's recorded material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1847d240e0c4e71bf5e0884ade073fdc", "text": "Maybe I'm Amazed `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' is a song written by Paul McCartney that was first released on his 1970 album McCartney . McCartney dedicated the song to his wife , Linda , who had helped him get through the break-up of the Beatles . Although the original recording has never been released as a single , a live performance by McCartney 's later band Wings , from the live album Wings over America , was . This version became a top-ten hit in the United States and reached number 28 in the United Kingdom . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' number 347 on its `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dd37cf10692143d85f2aae8a5a898c9", "text": "Fleetwood Mac Live Fleetwood Mac Live is a world tour by the rock group Fleetwood Mac that began on April 4 , 2013 in Columbus , Ohio . 66 shows are scheduled across 14 countries in North America and Europe . The April 18 , 2013 stop in Boston , Massachusetts was one of the first major performances given in the city following the Boston Marathon bombings three days earlier . This tour has also marked the first appearance of Christine McVie with the band since 1998 . She appeared at the last two London O2 Arena shows . On October 27 , the band announced that John McVie had been diagnosed with cancer , and that they were cancelling their New Zealand and Australian performances in order for him to undergo treatment . On November 22 , 2013 Christine McVie stated she would love to rejoin Fleetwood Mac and that John McVie 's Progress was really good . On November 26 , 2013 @officialfleetwood mac ( Via Instagram ) and FleetwoodMac.com announced that Fleetwood Mac is playing 3 last shows for their `` Extended Play '' tour . Fleetwood Mac said they would do one public show and two private shows . The last public show was played on December 30 , and the two privates shows were performed from December 31-January 1 and January 8 . At midnight on January 1 Fleetwood Mac performed `` Auid Lang Syne '' to their private audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bdfb102bd5c3d5fdfb9161ca904bb2e", "text": "Up Close (Jesse McCartney album) Up Close is a DVD by American pop singer Jesse McCartney . It was released on September 20 , 2005 through Hollywood Records and features music videos , live performances and behind the scenes footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921169a470408622e920a5e550076d77", "text": "Seltaeb Seltaeb was a company set up in 1963 , by Nicky Byrne ( né Douglas Anthony Nicholas Byrne ) to exclusively look after merchandising interests on behalf of Brian Epstein , who managed NEMS Enterprises and The Beatles : John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr . Directly prior to The Beatles ' first American visit , Brian Epstein wanted someone to manage the escalating volume of merchandising requests that NEMS found itself unable to cope with , and asked his lawyer , David Jacobs , to oversee this task . Jacobs knew Nicky Byrne and asked him if he would be interested in taking over the merchandising subdivision from NEMS altogether , paying NEMS a commission . Byrne accepted the offer subject to a 90 % rate , leaving only 10 % for the Beatles and NEMS combined . Completely unaware of the potential market that existed , particularly in America , Epstein agreed to the deal , and subsequently lost The Beatles an estimated $ 100,000,000 in possible income . In December 1963 Byrne took over the control of Stramsact in the UK , and then set up Seltaeb ( Beatles spelt backwards ) in the United States . Epstein was able to renegotiate a more favourable commission of 49 % in August 1964 , but then became embroiled in a three-year court battle with Byrne regarding payment of monies due , during which time potential sponsors lost interest . In August 1967 Epstein died , from what was ruled an accidental overdose of a prescribed drug . Jacobs was found hanged in his garage on 15 December 1968 . Byrne later retired to the Bahamas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6984ceab56e94097680ae48572c70f9d", "text": "What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5686d66bb6e040c79cb356f12bf0e34", "text": "On with the Show (concert tour) On with the Show was a world tour by the rock group Fleetwood Mac . The tour began in Minneapolis , Minnesota on September 30 , 2014 and concluded in Auckland , New Zealand on November 22 , 2015 . Tickets were available for pre-sale between March 31 to April 6 , before going on sale to the general public on April 7 , 2014 . At the end of 2014 , the tour placed 13th on Pollstar 's `` Top 100 Worldwide Tours '' , earning $ 74.1 million from 40 shows in North America . In 2015 's year-end report , the tour placed 6th with a gross of $ 125.1 million from 78 shows , bringing the total gross so far to $ 199.2 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9149aeccb1ba508f79675811b71e061f", "text": "1998 in Scotland Events from the year 1998 in Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a45a018504512e85090cbdeb5e1bcc6", "text": "Only Love Remains `` Only Love Remains '' is the fourth single from Paul McCartney 's 1986 album , Press to Play . The song reached number 34 on the UK singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91eb378f17fec87dcdb410cc783aecd", "text": "Long, Long Time `` Long , Long Time '' is a song released by Linda Ronstadt in 1970 . The song spent 12 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , peaking at No. 25 , while reaching No. 15 on Canada 's `` RPM 100 '' , No. 8 on Canada 's CHUM 30 chart , No. 26 on the Cash Box Top 100 , and No. 20 on Billboards Easy Listening chart . In 1971 , Linda Ronstadt was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Female Vocal Performance for `` Long , Long Time '' . In 1976 , Larry Santos released a cover of the song , which reached No. 38 on Billboards Easy Listening chart and No. 109 on Billboards `` Bubbling Under the Hot 100 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0136a2e0176f722b720a1d15a97d5e", "text": "In My Life (George Martin album) In My Life is a 1998 album compiled and produced by Sir George Martin . The CD is composed almost entirely of cover versions of The Beatles songs which George Martin produced originally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130f4a1152fc4a9ba68488124d16fcfb", "text": "1998 Webby Awards The 1998 Webby Awards were held on March 6 , 1998 , at the San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts , and were the first event ever to be broadcast live via the Web in 3D . The `` People 's Voice '' awards , chosen by online poll , received 100,000 cumulative votes that year . The Web magazine , which was hosting the awards , was closed down by its parent company IDG shortly before the awards , and the ceremony continued thereafter under the management of Tiffany Shlain , who IDG had hired in 1996 to coordinate the awards . The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences was constituted that year as the judging panel for the awards , continues to do so as of the 2007 awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d2e3cc8275281e189c5990b733f74d62", "text": "Sriti Jha Sriti Jha ( born February 26 , 1986 ) is an Indian television actress , who appears in the Indian soap opera . She made her debut with the role of Malini Sharma in the Disney India 's teen drama Dhoom Machaao Dhoom . Jha rose to prominence with the serial Jyoti on NDTV Imagine as Sudha Sharma . She is a currently playing the lead role of Pragya in Zee TV 's show Kumkum Bhagya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b0ede52b7638faeee5efb2b797356c", "text": "Kumkum Bhagya Kumkum Bhagya ( English : Vermillion In My Fate ) is a Hindi-language Indian soap opera which premiered on 15 April 2014 . and is broadcast on weeknights on Zee TV . The show is loosely based on the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen . Kumkum Bhagya is its Indian interpretation , which follows the life of a Hindu-Punjabi matriarch , Sarla Arora , who runs a marriage hall . Sarla lives with the hope of seeing her two daughters Pragya and Bulbul , happily married some day . The pivotal characters of this show are strong , feisty women , living together in an all-female matriarchal family . The series stars Sriti Jha , Shabbir Ahluwalia with Mrunal Thakur , Arjit Taneja/Vin Rana , Shikha Singh and Leena Jumani in supporting roles . The series is produced by Ekta Kapoor under the banner Balaji Telefilms . Continuing her tradition , Ekta Kapoor has named the series starting with the letter `` K '' because she feels it is lucky . The show is directed by Sameer Kulkarni and developed by Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d31af0bbdfc30c113471ce56f7041f62", "text": "Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera Ek Veer Ki Ardaas ... Veera ( English : A Brother 's Prayer ... Veera ) is an Indian television soap opera , that aired from Star Plus . The entire series is available on hotstar . The series premiered on 29 October 2012 to 08 August 2015 , A dubbed version of the serial was telecasted in Tamil Language as En Anbu Thangaikku on Vijay TV and Malayalam Language version has launched in Asianet Plus as Manasaveera also now on streaming Hotstar and Starred Digangana Suryavanshi , Shivin Narang , Vishal Vashishtha , and Farnaz Shetty , replacing child actors Harshita Ojha , Bhavesh Balchandani , Devish Ahuja , and Arshifa Khan respectively after a 15 year leap . The show got replaced by the show Mohi . The series has been re - aired on star utsav .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "896d2d3a17de1898f7fdba85e31b0456", "text": "Shanti (TV series) Shanti - Ek Aurat Ki Kahani is an Indian television series that aired on DD National in 1994 , and was later shown on Indian television channel STAR Plus . The series stars Mandira Bedi as Shanti in the main lead . The show is one of the first Indian television drama series , has received a considerable cult status and is considered a classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88496f0aaddb7060cfb1b0e526d1ba88", "text": "Sokhi Sokhi ; is a thriller drama Bengali television soap opera that premiered on February 11 , 2013 and airs on Star Jalsha , produced by Ravi Ojha Productions and stars Manali Dey and Debolina Dutta as main female protagonist and Goutam Dey as main male antagonist . It replaced Ghore Pherar Gaan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e19031d0edcf57d4a0e5d5a91de5be47", "text": "Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi ( English : I Love Only You ) is an Indian soap opera which premiered on 24 June 2014 and aired every Monday to Friday at 10:00 pm on Colors TV . The show is produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms and stars Shakti Arora and Radhika Madan in lead roles . It is also dubbed in Tamil as Urave Uyire and airs on Polimer TV as well as in Odia as Mo Mana Tori Pain and airs on Colors Odia and it is aired in Sri Lanka as Sadahatama Oba Mage on TV Derana dubbed in Sinhalese . The final episode aired on 19 February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73e286b97819109827ee69d3c1cd6eda", "text": "Kundali (TV series) Kundali is an Indian-produced television soap opera that originally aired on Metro Gold under DD Metro in 2002 . After the channel closed , the series was taken over by STAR Plus , and aired from the beginning . Due to its popularity among audiences , the series is currently re-airing on TV Asia channel in USA , every Friday at 8pm EST. . The series is produced by one of the popular Indian television production house , Balaji Telefilms , and directed by Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be25730fc0125cbea79e58ff5a3dbd3c", "text": "Nandini (TV series) Nandhini is an South Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV , Surya TV , Gemini TV and Udaya TV channels . It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India . Nithya Ram , Baby Adhitri , Malavika Wales and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series . The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and South-Indian actress Kushboo . The show has been praised and well received by the audience , becoming a huge success and India 's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired . The show airs every Monday to Saturday at 9:00 PM & 10.30 AM ( Sun tv re-telecast ) ( IST ) on Sun TV and Gemini TV . From Monday to Friday at 9:00 PM ( IST ) on Surya TV and Monday to Friday at 8:30 PM ( IST ) on Udaya TV in Tamil , Malayalam , Telugu and Kannada , respectively . In Sri Lanka Monday to Friday at 10.00 pm on Shakthi TV . It is edited by National award winner N. B. Srikanth and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f02e55156100d0ad2329de6e7377e5de", "text": "Siddharth Arora Siddharth Arora ( born 13 April 1988 ) is an Indian television actor . He made his television debut with the show Mukti Bandhan on COLORS and he made his Bollywood debut with the movie Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai in 2012 , and also appeared as Beera in Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha Season 2 on COLORS . He is also played the lead character of Lord Krishna in Krishna Kanhaiya on SAB TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d90db5ab8ead453086a02815ed3e7cf5", "text": "Vinita Joshi Vinita Joshi is an Indian television actress . She is best known for portraying the role of Yamini Singh on an Indian soap opera Bhatak Lena Baware that airs on Life OK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ab6d97ba7c29c46686cf2e5b2fa5dd", "text": "Uyirmei Uyirmei is a Tamil medical soap opera that aired on Zee Thamizh . The series is apparently inspired by Grey 's Anatomy and House . The plot revolves around the lives of some doctors , their lives , families and patients . The show premiered on 18 August 2014 . First the director was Bhushan but after a couple of episodes Sundhar.K.Vijayan started to direct . Starting from Monday 24 November 2014 , the show was shifted to 7pm time Slot . Its episodes ended on 30 January 2015 with 112 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3d8950827518c2a459ec8056ea3f15", "text": "Deivamagal Deivamagal ( God 's Daughter ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language soap opera that airs on Sun TV . It is a prime time serial . The show premiered on 25 March 2013 . It was initially aired from Monday to saturday at 8:00 PM IST and later extended up to Saturday . The show stars Krishna and Vani Bhojan in the lead roles . In the serial they overcome the several problems they face from their enemies . The show is produced by Vikatan Televistas Pvt Ltd and director by S. Kumaran . It also airs in Sri Lanka Tamil Channel on Shakthi TV at 10:00 pm . It completed 4-year run as of April 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6671c7be965b681788449a292b7fda4d", "text": "B. Saroja Devi B. Saroja Devi is an Indian actress , who has acted in Kannada , Tamil , Telugu and Hindi movies . One of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema , she acted in around 200 films over six decades . She is known by the epithets `` Abinaya Saraswathi '' ( Saraswati of acting ) in Kannada and `` Kannadathu Paingili '' ( Kannada 's Parrot ) in Tamil At the age of 17 , Saroja Devi got her big break with her debut movie itself , that 's the Kannada film Mahakavi Kalidasa ( 1955 ) . In Telugu cinema , she made her debut with Panduranga Mahatyam ( 1959 ) , and starred in a number of successful films until the late 1970s . The Tamil film Nadodi Mannan ( 1958 ) made her one of the top actresses in Tamil cinema . After her marriage in 1967 , she continued to be second in demand actress in Tamil films till 1974 , but she continued to be one of the top actresses in Telugu and Kannada cinema from 1958 until the 1980s . She also starred in Hindi films until the mid-1960s , starting with Paigham ( 1959 ) . She played the lead heroine in 161 consecutive films in 29 years between 1955 and 1984 . Saroja Devi received the Padma Sri , the fourth-highest civilian honour , in 1969 and Padma Bhushan , third highest civilian award , in 1992 from the Government of India , honourary doctorate from Bangalore University and Kalaimamani award from Tamil nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecae21f5257782023d35311c0b5c50f8", "text": "Enga Veettu Penn Enga Veettu Penn is an Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Zee Tamil . The show was launched on 6 June 2015 and aired Monday through Friday 8:00 PM . The show was appreciated for its cinematic look and feel and was well received by the audience . The show stars by Harshitha , Y. G. Mahendra , Kavithalaya Krishnan , Yuvashree , Sonia and Birla bose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f778e6cc28e8994f605c8f591bab32d", "text": "Arundhati (TV Series) Arundathi is a 2016 Tamil language Thriller Family soap opera that aired on Raj TV from October 10 , 2016 to 6 January 2017 at 8:00 PM IST for 75 episodes . The show starred Reshmi , Senthinathan , Adhithiya , Udhay , Sekar , S. Priya , Shri and among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ae56fb58eaab65b3ccf8f27a1b3be6", "text": "Ichchenodi Ichchenodi ( Wishing River ) is a Bengali television soap opera that premiered on June 15 , 2015 and aired at 5:30 pm on Star Jalsha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c15ca876baff2f28dd6b277eb39cc1b", "text": "Chithi (TV series) Chithi is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language prime time soap opera that was broadcast on Sun TV . The show premiered on 20 December 1999 . It was aired Monday through Friday at 9:30 pm . The show starred Radika , Sivakumar , Anju , Latha Sethupathi , Yuvarani , Subhalekha Sudhakar , Hemalatha , Poovilangu Mohan , Ajay Rathnam , Riyaz Khan , Vijay Adhiraj and Tharika . The show was produced by Radaan Mediaworks , directed by C. J. Baskar . The title track was composed by Dhina . It had been receiving the highest ratings of Tamil serials and it was credited as the best serial and received high praising from viewers . It holds the credit of most watched regional Language television program in India ever . The show last aired on 10 November 2001 and ended with 467 episodes . It was also aired in Sri Lanka Tamil Channel on Shakthi TV and United Kingdom Tamil Channel on Deepam TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c80b4716fc75df55785f5db00d4d4a5", "text": "Thyagam (TV series) Thiyagam '' ' ( Sacrifice ) is a Tamil soap opera that aired Monday through Friday on Sun TV from 30 January 2012 to 30 August 2013 at 1:00 PM IST for 394 episodes . The show starred Kaveri , Udhay and Rithiya in lead roles . It was produced by Plan V Productions R. Raja and directed by A. Abdullah . The show ended because of its low trp ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74a5a09ea0c24cbd28c52965a2d39739", "text": "Sonali Nikam Sonali Nikam is an Indian television actress . She is best known for playing the lead role Jassi in her show Aadhe Adhoore , which explored infidelity in rural India . Before her breakthrough role as Jassi , she has essayed supporting roles in many hit TV series such as Geet Hui Sabse Parayee and Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara . Sonali Nikam is currently starring as Suman Parmar as the female lead in the & TV show Ek Vivah Aisa Bhi which premiered on February 6th 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ed23553716246f2062f923f0b7ad05", "text": "Vindhya Tiwari Vindhya Tiwari is an Indian television actress , known for her work in Indian soap operas . She made her on-screen debut with the serial Ghar Ek Sapnaa ( 2008 ) , aired on Sahara One . However , her breakthrough role was in the drama Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo on Zee TV n she is best known for her role in `` Maryada : Lekin Kab Tak ? '' on Star Plus as Vidya for which she got nominated for best television actress in Indian television academy awards ( ita ) . She recently played the lead role in Badi Door Se Aaye Hain as Sonachandi on SAB TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0f1f5073ba7fdedbb480a36c3872c0", "text": "Jawara (soap opera) Jawara is an Indonesian soap opera , produced by SinemArt . It was first aired on RCTI in June 6 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983ae1e37154d946322083dc3f47496c", "text": "Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur ( English : The Johur of the Queen Padmini of Chittod ) was an Indian historical television drama on Sony Entertainment Television ( India ) , based on the life of Rani Padmini , the famous 14th-century queen of Chittod , Mewar , Rajasthan . The drama premiered on 25 May 2009 with Sony TV 's `` new look '' along with many other shows . The series is produced by National Award ( India ) winning director , Nitin Chandrakant Desai , who spent millions of rupees to create the `` right look '' for the drama . The drama was meant to run for 6 months ( 104 episodes ) , but ended after 48 episodes due to its exceeding expenses and low TRPs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7535e2060bcd4e59bf9fcfa539b3811c", "text": "Archie Panjabi Archana `` Archie '' Panjabi ( born 31 May 1972 ) is a British actress , best known for her role as Kalinda Sharma on The Good Wife . Her portrayal has earned her a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 and an NAACP Image Award in 2012 , as well as two further Emmy nominations , one Golden Globe nomination , and three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations shared with the cast . Her other notable roles include Yasmin Husseini in Yasmin ( 2005 ) , Pinky Bhamra in Bend It Like Beckham ( 2002 ) and Asra Nomani in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ecffbfe85ce40cf62628faa311068126", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Variety Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Variety Series . The category was initiated in 2016 alongside Outstanding Short Form Comedy or Drama Series and Outstanding Short Form Nonfiction or Reality Series . The awards replaced the now-retired category for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program . These awards are not presented at the Primetime Emmy Awards show , but at the Creative Arts Emmy Award show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "462520a8573be0a261c6e1d9b72c8c14", "text": "Cartoon Network Arabic Cartoon Network Arabic is a free-to-air children 's channel that is broadcast for a pan-Arab audience in the Arab World , and it is one of two Arabic-language versions of Cartoon Network , the other being an English/Arabic HD pay TV channel on beIN called Cartoon Network MENA . The channel was launched on October 10 , 2010 at 10:10 AM GST , with the channel 's launch coinciding with the opening of Turner Broadcasting System 's offices in Dubai United Arab Emirates , the channel 's local owner . The standard channel broadcasts via Arabsat Badr 6 and Nilesat . Cartoon Network Arabic is considered a free alternative to Cartoon Network MENA and Boomerang MENA , two pay TV channels offered in the Arab League in HD ( defunct ) and in both English and Arabic exclusively on beIN Network since July 1 , 2016 , despite the varying differences in programming , schedules , and available languages . It is also notable that the channel is heavily censoring shows such as Steven Universe which is canceled in October 2016 . Cartoon Network Arabic will be in Dimensional style in Ramadan as possible . Actually they air Dimensional Promos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bfc8c83bab3446c5682373fb9cee09", "text": "1977–78 United States network television schedule This was the television schedule on all three United States television networks for the fall season beginning in September 1977 . All times are Eastern and Pacific . New fall series are highlighted in bold . Series ending their original runs are in italics . Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research . Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season . Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season . Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season . PBS , the Public Broadcasting Service , was in operation , but the schedule was set by each local station . On ABC , debuting news brief , airs all seven nights at 9:58 , pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5c8f607317733db1ae881aa30e8ac2a", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction is awarded to one television series or special each year . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea19b0f671b7ba31e1b520d34857686", "text": "8th International Emmy Awards The 8th International Emmy Awards took place on November 25 , 1980 , in New York City , United States . Actor Peter Ustinov hosted the ceremony attended by more than 750 foreign dignitaries and members of the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences . The Emmys were presented by veteran television newscaster and anchorman Harry Reasoner , actress Irene Papas , the Canadian comedy team of Wayne and Shuster and actor Werner Klemperer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8619491ae8b44312b0edd8cee7b45f", "text": "9th International Emmy Awards The 9th International Emmy Awards took place on November 26 , 1981 , in New York City , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0c405a52a9e4cb486fddf373222305", "text": "Television's Greatest Hits: 65 TV Themes! From the 50's and 60's 65 TV Themes ! From the 50 's and 60 's is the first volume of the Television 's Greatest Hits series of compilation albums by TVT Records . From the 50 's and 60 's was a double LP that featured 65 themes from television shows ranging from the mid-1950s until the late 1960s . The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company . In September 2011 , Los Angeles-based Oglio Records announced they were releasing the Television 's Greatest Hits song catalog after entering into an arrangement The Bicycle Music Company . A series of 9 initial `` 6-packs '' including some of the songs from the album has been announced for 2011 . Don Pardo `` hosted '' the original LP and cassette versions from 1985 . Five tracks are exclusive to the original 1985 releases ... The first track on the first record/tape , side one , begins with a musical sample of Edvard Grieg 's `` Morning Mood '' from the Peer Gynt suite , which is interrupted by Don Pardo beginning the `` broadcast day . '' Side one concludes with a faux test announcement of the Emergency Broadcast System , leading into the `` Duck and Cover '' song ( from the 1951 Civil Defense education film of the same name . ) Side two concludes with easy-listening music and Pardo making announcements of the `` station '' having technical difficulties and to please stand by . This was also sampled on Hexstatic 's album Rewind . Side three ( the first side on the second record/tape ) concludes with a medley of news themes and announcer voices , led off by Pardo announcing a faux news bulletin interrupting the `` broadcast '' over a music sample of Beethoven 's 9th Symphony , specifically the `` Scherzo '' movement . Side four ( and the whole album ) concludes with Don Pardo signing-off the `` broadcast day '' with a recording of the United States national anthem ( enhanced with explosion and firework sounds near the end ) , and then fades on a test pattern tone ( signaling the `` station '' has gone off the air . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c669b845dc45282329b6c31af3af07", "text": "New York Emmy Awards The New York Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences honoring those in television and advanced media in the tri-state New York-New Jersey-Connecticut and New York State . The division was founded in 1955 and in addition to granting the New York Emmy Awards , the chapter also recognizes awards scholarships , honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration , has a free research and a nationwide job bank . The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1c05f439acb2178c22c25eb52809e9c", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety , Nonfiction , or Reality Programming is presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728512718a216fbef71cfdbd35470847", "text": "30th Primetime Emmy Awards The 30th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on September 17 , 1978 . The ceremony was broadcast on CBS , from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium , Pasadena , California . The top shows of the night were All in the Family which won its then record fourth Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series , and The Rockford Files . CBS continued its streak of dominance by winning its eighth straight Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series , this record still stands . Actor Will Geer received three posthumous acting nominations for three different performances , but lost in each category . For the first time in Emmy history , two shows won six major awards , All in the Family became the first show to win six major awards twice , and the miniseries Holocaust tied the record for most wins by a miniseries set the previous year by Roots . This ceremony was interrupted for thirty minutes by a nationally televised address by then-President Jimmy Carter , joined by then-Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and then-Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in which President Carter announced the signing of the Camp David Accords . Rita Moreno 's win made her the third person to become an EGOT .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11152d122e2bfab5756249659d19f87", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year . Prior to 2006 , nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6f11e212ed35ec7f1fa541c1706cb87", "text": "24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations . A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cf29467bcd01ee9665d63bb9954ebe9", "text": "Big Three television networks The Big Three television networks are the three major traditional commercial broadcast television networks in the United States : the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , CBS ( formerly known as the Columbia Broadcasting System ) and the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) . Beginning in 1948 until the late 1980 's , the Big Three networks dominated U.S. television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66677b1f7fa9f5b2c87c19f0acad9000", "text": "Playboy After Dark Playboy After Dark is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner . It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b506d4f2a7e58a0c905f41161e51a86d", "text": "North Korea North Korea , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula . Pyongyang is the nation 's capital and largest city . To the north and northwest the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in China ) and Tumen rivers ; it is bordered to the south by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two . In 1910 , Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan . After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel by the United States and the Soviet Union , with the north occupied by the Soviets and the south by the Americans . Negotiations on reunification failed , and in 1948 , separate governments were formed : the socialist Democratic People 's Republic of Korea in the north , and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south . An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire , but no peace treaty was signed . North Korea officially describes itself as a self-reliant socialist state and formally holds elections . Critics regard it as a totalitarian dictatorship . Various media outlets have called it Stalinist , particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around Kim Il-sung and his family . International organizations have assessed that human rights violations in North Korea have no parallel in the contemporary world . The Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) , led by a member of the ruling family , holds power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members . Juche , an ideology of national self-reliance , was introduced into the constitution as a `` creative application of Marxism -- Leninism '' in 1972 . The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms . Most services such as healthcare , education , housing and food production are subsidized or state-funded . From 1994 to 1998 , North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 3.5 million people , and the country continues to struggle with food production . North Korea follows Songun , or `` military-first '' policy . It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel , with a total of 9,495,000 active , reserve , and paramilitary personnel . Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world , after China , the United States , and India . It possesses nuclear weapons . North Korea is an atheist state with no official religion and where public religion is discouraged .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d457866472fcef6fbbb5e5a66da63cb", "text": "Country of Particular Concern Country of Particular Concern ( CPC ) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State ( under authority delegated by the President ) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act ( IRFA ) of 1998 ( H.R. 2431 ) and its amendment of 1999 ( Public Law 106-55 ) . The term `` particularly severe violations of religious freedom '' means systematic , ongoing , egregious violations of religious freedom , including violations such as : a ) Torture or cruel , inhuman , or degrading treatment or punishment ; b ) Prolonged detention without charges ; c ) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons ; or d ) Other flagrant denials of the right to life , liberty , or the security of persons . Nations so designated are subject to further actions , including economic sanctions , by the United States . Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom , a separate agency created by IRFA ( along with the U.S. Department of State 's Office of International Religious Freedom ) to monitor the state of religious freedom around the world . Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president , the secretary of state and US Congress . Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State . The latest report from February 29 , 2016 , designated each of the following nations as a CPC : Each of these states was included on the previous year 's report except Tajikistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db70e642f2a60d1060e2f7e9725baa3", "text": "Politics of South Korea Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is the head of state , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court , appellate courts and a Constitutional Court . Since 1948 , the constitution has undergone five major revisions , each signifying a new republic . The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0789e5b2754e8c6c3551178b17f6da1f", "text": "Sili Bank Sili Bank is a company based in China . The company provides email services in both China and North Korea by maintaining dedicated servers in both countries . Established in September 12 , 2001 , Sili Bank also known as the Korea 626 Shenyang Co. is a financial institution based in Chilbosan/Qibaoshan Hotel in Shenyang , Liaoning , China , closely related to the government of North Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36b885a80d3e1462ba3756c10465bbc9", "text": "University of Seoul The University of Seoul ( UOS ) ( Korean : 서울시립대학교 ) is a public university located in Seoul , Korea . It was founded as Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College in 1918 and renamed the University of Seoul in 1997 . UOS is one of top 3 universities without medical school in Korea in 2012 . According to 2015 report from The Times Higher Education , UOS ranked 7th among the all Korean universities and 49th among all the Asian universities . In another survey , UOS ranked 14th in the Asian midsize universities . UOS was reported the best value public university in Korea , with high financial investment and scholarship amount per student . Students ' affinity to the school was ranked in the first place and students ' satisfaction is in the second according to a 2010 survey . UOS is famous for a large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials . UOS is specialized in College of Urban Science and has top-tier programs of environmental engineering , science in taxation , transportation engineering , urban planning and design , landscape architecture , and urban administration . In 2012 , the mayor of Seoul , Park Won-soon , implemented a campaign promise , `` Half-priced tuition '' as soon as he started his term . The half-priced tuition was initiated in UOS first so that it would drive other universities to decrease their tuition . In 2013 , UOS tuition per semester ranged from $ 915 to $ 1,441 ( two semesters a year , 1,117.3 won / $ in 2013 ) . Because of high quality of education and low tuition of UOS , admission process has been more competitive . And student 's satisfaction is still very high . In 2012 , the registration rate of new students was very high ( 96 % ) and the withdrawal rate of students was extremely low ( 0.97 % ) , compared with other universities in Seoul . Because UOS students think that they take a lot of financial and educational benefits from the Seoul government , most of them participate in social works . Number of social work volunteers in 2012 was 3,105 and is expected to increase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa36a875c5605dde0a4d6cfadb1779e", "text": "Songun Songun is the `` military first '' policy of North Korea , prioritizing the Korean People 's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources . `` Military first '' as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea , with `` military-first politics '' dominating the political system ; `` a line of military-first economic construction '' acting as an economic system ; and `` military-first ideology '' serving as the guiding ideology . Songun elevates the Korean People 's Army within North Korea as an organization and as a state function , granting it the primary position in the North Korean government and society . It guides domestic policy and international interactions . It is the framework for the government , designating the military as the `` supreme repository of power '' . The North Korean government grants the Korean People 's Army the highest economic and resource-allocation priority and positions it as the model for society to emulate . Songun is also the ideological concept behind a shift in policies since 1994 which emphasize the people 's military over all other aspects of state and society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fd3fd4e1165c69698ff7d1958c628ac", "text": "National Debt Repayment Movement The National Debt Repayment Movement was a movement by the people of the Korean Empire to repay their country 's debt through collecting individual donations . It was started by Seo Sang-dong of Daegu on 30 January 1907 . At that time the national debt was 13 million won . At the movement 's height in 1908 , it had amassed 190,000 won . The movement attracted national appeal , and many gave up their tobacco in order to help repay the national debt . Women , including the kisaeng Aengmu , took a leading role in raising funds . The Japanese Government expected for the movement to subside . However , the movement later attracted the interest of the Japanese forces , who regarded it as a dangerous expression of Korean nationalism and sought to stifle and discredit it . This movement failed because of the Japanese orchestrating false charges against the president of the bank holding the funds . A large park in central Daegu is dedicated to the memory of the movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d371b492352d7f3d88f62281c7c225", "text": "Nampo Namp ' o ( North Korean official spelling : Nampho ; -LSB- nam.pʰo -RSB- ) is a city and seaport in South Pyongan Province , North Korea . Namp ' o lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River , 15 km east of the river 's mouth . It was a provincial-level `` Directly Governed City '' ( `` Chikhalsi '' ) from 1980 to 2004 and was designated a `` Special City '' ( `` T'ŭkgŭpsi '' ; tŭkpyŏlsi ; 특별시 ; 特別市 ) , in 2010 and made a part of South P'yŏngan . Namp ' o is approximately 50 km southwest of P'yŏngyang , at the mouth of the Taedong River . Namp ' o was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897 , developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II . With the rapid increase in state investment , the city 's industrial capacity grew . Some of the city 's industrial facilities include the Namp ' o Smelter Complex , the Namp ' o Glass Corporation , the Namp ' o Shipbuilding Complex , the Namp ' o Fishery Complex , and other central and local factories . Namp ' o is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry . North of the city are facilities for freight transportation , aquatic products , and fishery , and a sea salt factory . Apples grown in the city 's Ryonggang district are a famous local product .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efba722d112828808f43048049571dc6", "text": "2006 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted on July 5 , 2006 . The Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or North Korea ) reportedly fired at least seven separate missiles . These included one long-range Taepodong-2 missile and short-range Scud derived missiles including the enlarged Nodong missile . The Taepodong-2 was estimated by United States intelligence agencies as having a potential range reaching as far as Alaska , the missile reached a distance of about 250 miles from northern California . North Korea made its first public acknowledgement of the tests on July 6 , through its foreign ministry , describing them as `` successful '' and part of `` regular military drills to strengthen self-defense , '' insisting that it had the legal right to do so . The country warned of `` stronger physical actions '' if it were put under pressure by the international community . On July 8 , CNN reported that the U.S. had deployed the USS Mustin , a guided missile destroyer , to the Japanese port of Yokosuka , home of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet . A spokeswoman said that the deployment was not related to the test-firings , and it had been previously planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b59799949d67921a1c17060ef4d08b", "text": "National People's Congress The National People 's Congress ( usually abbreviated NPC ) is the national legislature of the People 's Republic of China . With 2,987 members in 2013 , it is the largest parliamentary body in the world . Under China 's current Constitution , the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate , the power to oversee the operations of the government , and the power to elect the major officers of state . The NPC and the National Committee of the People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) , a consultative body whose members represent various social groups , are the main deliberative bodies of China , and are often referred to as the Lianghui ( Two Assemblies ) . The NPC is elected for a term of five years . It holds annual sessions every spring , usually lasting from 10 to 14 days , in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing . The NPC 's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC , and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation . The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16 , 2016 . In theory , the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China , and all four PRC constitutions have vested it with great lawmaking powers . However , in practice it usually acts as a rubber stamp for decisions already made by the state 's executive organs and the Communist Party of China . One of its members , Hu Xiaoyan , told the BBC in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents . She was quoted as saying , `` As a parliamentary representative , I do n't have any real power . '' In 2014 , the participating party pledged to `` unswervingly adhere to the leadership of Chinese Communist Party . '' Since the 1990s , the NPC has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party , the government , and groups of society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7426022598c5064b71a78842961cb638", "text": "International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea The International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea ( ICNK ) was formed on September 8 , 2011 . It comprises Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch and the International Federation for Human Rights and has support from over 40 organizations worldwide . North Korean human rights issues with which the ICNK deals include North Korea 's political prison camp system and the repatriation and punishment of North Korean refugees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4c1466983696e963b3f6f6c95ce22a", "text": "Sovereign default A sovereign default ( -LSB- ˈsɒvrᵻn , _ - vərᵻn -RSB- ) is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full . Cessation of due payments ( or receivables ) may either be accompanied by formal declaration ( repudiation ) of a government not to pay ( or only partially pay ) its debts , or it may be unannounced . A credit rating agency will take into account in its gradings capital , interest , extraneous and procedural defaults , failures to abide by the terms of bonds or other debt instruments . Countries have at times escaped the real burden of some of their debt through inflation . This is not `` default '' in the usual sense because the debt is honored , albeit with currency of lesser real value . Sometimes governments devalue their currency . This can be done by printing more money to apply toward their own debts , or by ending or altering the convertibility of their currencies into precious metals or foreign currency at fixed rates . Harder to quantify than an interest or capital default , this often is defined as an extraneous or procedural default ( breach ) of terms of the contracts or other instruments . If potential lenders or bond purchasers begin to suspect that a government may fail to pay back its debt , they may demand a high interest rate in compensation for the risk of default . A dramatic rise in the interest rate faced by a government due to fear that it will fail to honor its debt is sometimes called a sovereign debt crisis . Governments may be especially vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis when they rely on financing through short-term bonds , since this creates a situation of maturity mismatch between their short-term bond financing and the long-term asset value of their tax base . They may also be vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis due to currency mismatch : if few bonds in their own currency are accepted abroad , and so the country issues mainly foreign-denominated bonds , decrease in the value of their own currency can make it prohibitively expensive to pay back their foreign-denominated bonds ( see original sin ) . Since a sovereign government , by definition , controls its own affairs , it can not be obliged to pay back its debt . Nonetheless , governments may face severe pressure from lending countries . In a few extreme cases , a major creditor nation , before the establishment of the UN Charter Article 2 ( 4 ) prohibiting use of force by states , made threats of war or waged war against a debtor nation for failing to pay back debt to seize assets to enforce its creditor 's rights . For example , Britain invaded Egypt in 1882 . Other examples include the United States ' `` gunboat diplomacy '' in Venezuela in the mid-1890s and the United States occupation of Haiti beginning in 1915 . Today a government which defaults may be widely excluded from further credit , some of its overseas assets may be seized ; and it may face political pressure from its own domestic bondholders to pay back its debt . Therefore , governments rarely default on the entire value of their debt . Instead , they often enter into negotiations with their bondholders to agree on a delay ( debt restructuring ) or partial reduction of their debt ( a ` haircut or write-off ' ) . Some economists have argued that , in the case of acute insolvency crises , it can be advisable for regulators and supranational lenders to preemptively engineer the orderly restructuring of a nation 's public debt - also called `` orderly default '' or `` controlled default '' . In the case of Greece , these experts generally believe that a delay in organising an orderly default would hurt the rest of Europe even more . The International Monetary Fund often lends for sovereign debt restructuring . To ensure that funds will be available to pay the remaining part of the sovereign debt , it has made such loans conditional on acts such as reducing corruption , imposing austerity measures such as reducing non-profitable public sector services , raising the tax take ( revenue ) or more rarely suggesting other forms of revenue raising such as nationalization of inept or corrupt but lucrative economic sectors . A recent example is the Greek bailout agreement of May 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a6d01b8f867f0f98fad85da26ebb507", "text": "Unfunded mandate In the United States , federal mandates are orders that induce `` responsibility , action , procedure or anything else that is imposed by constitutional , administrative , executive , or judicial action '' for state and local governments and/or the private sector . An unfunded mandate is a statute or regulation that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions , with no money provided for fulfilling the requirements . Public individuals or organizations can also be required to fulfill public mandates . As of 1992 , 172 federal mandates obligated state or local governments to fund programs to some extent . Beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the United States federal government has designed laws that require state and local government spending to promote national goals . During the 1970s , the national government promoted education , mental health , and environmental programs by implementing grant projects at a state and local level ; the grants were so common that the federal assistance for these programs made up over a quarter of state and local budgets . The rise in federal mandates led to more mandate regulation . During the Reagan Administration , Executive Order 12291 and the State and Local Cost Estimate Act of 1981 were passed , which implemented a careful examination of the true costs of federal unfunded mandates . More reform for federal mandates came in 1995 with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act ( UMRA ) , which promoted a Congressional focus on the costs imposed onto intergovernmental entities and the private sector because of federal mandates . Familiar examples of Federal Unfunded Mandates in the United States include the Americans with Disabilities Act and Medicaid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1c1cfa27fd3b3b1724f5cde550c3db", "text": "Song of General Kim Jong-il The `` Song of General Kim Jong-il '' is a marching song from North Korea . It was composed by Sol Myong-sun and the words were written by Sin Un-ho . The song praises former leader , Kim Jong-il ( who ruled from 1994 until 2011 ) as a part of his cult of personality . During the presidency of Kim Il-sung , Kim Jong-il helped to run his father 's own personality cult . At the death of his father , Kim Jong-il had his own cult . Although the `` Song of General Kim Jong-il '' is not as widely popular as the `` Song of General Kim Il-sung '' ( nor was his cult as large as his father 's ) , it is also played regularly in North Korea . The song is played by the North Korean state television at the start of broadcasts each day . It was also played after the telecast of Kim Jong-il 's memorial service on December 29 , 2011 . Pyongyang FM Broadcasting also plays a chime version of the first two lines of the song as its interval signal at the start of broadcasts . According to North Korean sources , their satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 , supposedly launched in a test on 5 April 2009 , is broadcasting this song amongst other data .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "585b9de75682634670e8da068fb46c04", "text": "Korean Armistice Agreement The Korean Armistice Agreement is the armistice which serves to insure a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War . It was signed by U.S. Army Lieutenant General William Harrison , Jr. representing the United Nations Command ( UNC ) , North Korean General Nam Il representing the Korean People 's Army , and the Chinese People 's Volunteer Army . The armistice was signed on July 27 , 1953 , and was designed to `` insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved . '' No `` final peaceful settlement '' has been achieved . The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone ( de facto a new border between the two nations ) , put into force a cease-fire , and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war . The Demilitarized Zone runs not far from the 38th parallel , which separated North and South Korea before the Korean War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89fd16ea9c2ed9711f13aebc855dc21", "text": "Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il The death of Kim Jong-il was reported by North Korean state television news on 19 December 2011 . The presenter Ri Chun-hee announced that he had died on 17 December at 8:30 am of a massive heart attack while travelling by train to an area outside Pyongyang . Reportedly , he had received medical treatment for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases . During the trip though , he was said to have had an advanced acute myocardial infarction , complicated with a serious heart shock . However , it was reported by South Korean media in December 2012 that he had died in a fit of rage over construction faults at a crucial power plant project . His son Kim Jong-un was announced as North Korea 's next leader with the title of `` The Great Successor '' during the same newscast . Jong-il 's funeral was held on 28 December in Pyongyang , with a mourning period lasting until the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe1760e53ee09e0e52e68c45f1dd569", "text": "Pyongnam Line The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp ' o and the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch ` on . The length of the line is 89.9 km . It also serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line . It also connects to the Ryonggang Line and the freight-only Taean Line . On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the Sŭngri ( `` Victory '' ) project to modernise the P'yŏngnam Line from Namp ' o to P'yŏngyang and the P'yŏngdŏk Line from P'yŏngyang to Chedong was held . The project , supported by Russia , is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the Russian Railways as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km of the North Korean rail network , and would include the construction of a north-south freight bypass around P'yŏngyang . The overall project cost is estimated to be around US $ 25 billion , and it is expected that exports of coal , rare earth and non-ferrous metals from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca386aed322cb37c55483f5227cd34e9", "text": "Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences . When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other . The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal . ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″ Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil . ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5a7ddad2b3da1f4878dd522f6715a5", "text": "Goguryeo Goguryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ -RSB- , 37 BCE -- 668 CE ) , originally named Goryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɾjʌ -RSB- ) , was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria . Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan . The Samguk Sagi , a 12th-century text from Goryeo , indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong , a prince from Buyeo , who was enthroned as Dongmyeong . There is archaeological and textual evidence from Chinese geographic monographs that suggests that Goguryeo may have been in existence since the second century BCE around the fall of Gojoseon , an earlier kingdom which also occupied southern Manchuria and the northern Korean Peninsula . Goguryeo was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia , until it was defeated by a Silla -- Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun . After its fall , its territory was divided among the states of Later Silla , Balhae and Tang China . The name Goryeo , a shortened form of Goguryeo , was adopted as the official name in the 5th century , and is the origin of the English name `` Korea '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff3b5a75abc17a03020dacdc0f3ff269", "text": "Eternal President of the Republic The official designation of an Eternal President of the Republic ( 공화국의 영원한 주석 , literally in English `` Eternal Chairman of the Republic '' ) was established by a line in the preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea , as amended on September 5 , 1998 , and in subsequent revisions . It reads ( in the original version ) : According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills , this amendment to the preamble is an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on a cult of personality revering Kim Il-sung . In addition , North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912 , the year of Kim Il-sung 's birth .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7646151ce22bff18be122a2df24defe1", "text": "Edge of Tomorrow Edge of Tomorrow ( alternatively known by its tagline Live . Die . Repeat . and marketed as such on home release ) is a 2014 American military science fiction film starring Tom Cruise and Emily Blunt . Doug Liman directed the film based on a screenplay adapted from the 2004 Japanese light novel All You Need Is Kill by Hiroshi Sakurazaka . The film begins with a flashback to the year 2015 , when a horde of aliens called the Mimics arrived in Germany on a meteorite . By the year 2020 , in which the film 's action takes place , the horde has spread over most of continental Europe and killed all humans in its way . Cruise plays William Cage , a public relations officer with no combat experience , who is ordered by his superior to film the first wave of a crucial landing operation against the aliens . Upon being killed in combat , Cage finds himself in a time loop that sends him back to the day preceding the battle every time he dies . Cage teams up with Special Forces warrior Rita Vrataski ( Blunt ) in seeking a way to defeat the extraterrestrials . In late 2009 , Productions purchased the rights to the novel and sold a spec script to the American studio Warner Bros. . The studio produced the film with the involvement of , the novel 's publisher Viz Media , and Australian production company Village Roadshow . Filming began in late 2012 , taking place in England at Leavesden Studios outside London , and other locations such as Trafalgar Square and Saunton Sands . Nine companies handled the visual effects . The film was released in cinemas on the weekend of , 2014 in 28 territories , including the United Kingdom , Brazil , Germany , Spain , and Indonesia . On the weekend of , 2014 it was released in 36 additional territories , including North America ( United States and Canada ) , Australia , China , and Russia . The film grossed over in theaters worldwide and received positive reviews from critics . A sequel , titled Live Die Repeat and Repeat , is currently in development .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8de018078afcb2fa0dff7f5b9fc99f5", "text": "Ultraman: The Next Ultraman : The Next , released in Japan simply as , is a 2004 Japanese science fiction tokusatsu superhero film directed by Kazuya Konaka and produced by Tsuburaya Productions . A reimagining of the Ultraman character and franchise , the film was part of the `` Ultra N Project '' , a three-phase experiment aimed to reinvent the franchise for an older audience . Ultraman : The Next was released in Japan on December 4 , 2004 but had its premiere at Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood on June 25 , 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb10c9f9752a33ddc22410d72f1ea833", "text": "Kamen Rider Blade: Missing Ace is the theatrical superhero film adaptation of the Japanese 2004 Kamen Rider series , Kamen Rider Blade , directed by Hidenori Ishida and Katsuya Watanabe and written by Toshiki Inoue . The film is produced by Ishimori Productions and Toei , the producers of all the previous television series and films of the Kamen Rider series . Following the tradition of all Heisei Kamen Rider movies , it is a double bill with the movie for 2004 's Super Sentai series Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger The Movie : Full Blast Action , both of which premiered on September 11 , 2004 . The film 's title is translated into English as Masked Rider Blade The Movie : Missing Ace . The Director 's Cut was released on DVD on May 21 , 2005 and peaked at number 13 in the weekly Oricon chart , remaining in the list for 5 weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f48a949b16bb6413da69fd4862100bb", "text": "Tomorrow, When the War Began Tomorrow , When the War Began is the first book in the Tomorrow Series by John Marsden . It is a young adult invasion novel , detailing a high-intensity invasion and occupation of Australia by a foreign power . The novel is told in first person perspective by the main character , a teenage girl named Ellie Linton , who is part of a small band of teenagers waging a guerrilla war on the enemy garrison in their fictional home town of Wirrawee . Tomorrow , When the War Began was adapted into a feature film of the same name that was released on 2 September 2010 in Australia and New Zealand . It was written and directed by Stuart Beattie , and starred Caitlin Stasey in the role of Ellie Linton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6f5d2eb662d25a97bd3d447c46ab93", "text": "Crutch (film) Crutch is a 2004 autobiographical coming of age film written and directed by Rob Moretti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2da2592030004e500956b17ad49ea99", "text": "List of Mexican films of 2004 This is a list of Mexican films released in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4571a2d9e8e097edac967cc8b0a26e99", "text": "London Film Critics Circle Awards 2004 25th London Film Critics Circle Awards 9 February 2005 Film of the Year : Sideways British Film of the Year : Vera Drake The 25th London Film Critics Circle Awards , honouring the best in film for 2004 , were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 9 February 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7791cb73ceb618c0c47c551436ddb18", "text": "Brilliant (film) Brilliant is a 2004 thriller film starring Erika Eleniak and Bruce Boxleitner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7480bc21b07ac0cc1f55872fd74a872a", "text": "List of Hong Kong films of 2004 A list of films produced in Hong Kong in 2004 : .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c7ef3c2adeac1da0c989700e723f327", "text": "Being Julia Being Julia is a 2004 comedy-drama film directed by István Szabó and starring Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons . The screenplay by Ronald Harwood is based on the novel Theatre ( 1937 ) by W. Somerset Maugham . The original film score was composed by Mychael Danna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1318f23e2e6fabf22ddbe228f6772d7", "text": "Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals . On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network . In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7f1e085b6bee92a2e529ff742c5930f", "text": "The Wedding (2004 film) The Wedding ( Wesele ) is a dark comedy film made in 2004 in Poland . It was directed by Wojtek Smarzowski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e57fa7dfd48308db8513c2314fff4a09", "text": "Tomorrow We Move Tomorrow We Move ( Demain on déménage ) is a 2004 French-Belgian comedy film directed by Chantal Akerman . It won the Lumières Award for Best French-Language Film in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a790f46d15bf7ce3968046a78bf4e483", "text": "Josh Duhamel Joshua David Duhamel ( -LSB- dəˈmɛl -RSB- ; born November 14 , 1972 ) is an American actor and former fashion model . After various modeling work , he made his acting debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children and later starred as Danny McCoy on NBC 's Las Vegas . Duhamel then ventured into film , appearing as one of the main protagonists in the first three films of the Transformers film series ; reprising his role in the fifth film , Transformers : The Last Knight ( 2017 ) . He has also appeared in When in Rome ( 2010 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , New Year 's Eve ( 2011 ) , Safe Haven ( 2013 ) , and You 're Not You ( 2014 ) . In 2015 , Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8283b88e48ac913d1e7a7b227ff32a2a", "text": "Distribution center A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building , often with refrigeration or air conditioning , which is stocked with products ( goods ) to be redistributed to retailers , to wholesalers , or directly to consumers . A distribution center is a principal part , the order processing element , of the entire order fulfillment process . Distribution centers are usually thought of as being demand driven . A distribution center can also be called a warehouse , a DC , a fulfillment center , a cross-dock facility , a bulk break center , and a package handling center . The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation . For example , a `` retail distribution center '' normally distributes goods to retail stores , an `` order fulfillment center '' commonly distributes goods directly to consumers , and a cross-dock facility stores little or no product but distributes goods to other destinations . Distribution centers are the foundation of a supply network , as they allow a single location to stock a vast number of products . Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility , sharing space , equipment , labor resources , and inventory as applicable . A typical retail distribution network operates with centers set up throughout a commercial market , with each center serving a number of stores . Large distribution centers for companies such as Wal-Mart serve 50 -- 125 stores . Suppliers ship truckloads of products to the distribution center , which stores the product until needed by the retail location and ships the proper quantity . Since a large retailer might sell tens of thousands of products from thousands of vendors , it would be impossibly inefficient to ship each product directly from each vendor to each store . Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks , while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that coordinate the distribution of products for a number of companies . A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "199435035284c0a51397b9fddf4cc47a", "text": "Lefèvre-Utile Lefèvre Utile , better known worldwide by the initials LU , is a manufacturer brand of French biscuits , emblematic of the city of Nantes . The brand is now part of US confectionery company Mondelēz International since 2007 , after its acquisition from Groupe Danone . The Petit-Beurre biscuit remains the flagship product alongside the Boudoir , Champagne , Petit four , Prince ( FR ) , Pim 's , Paille d'Or , etc. . Lefèvre-Utile was founded in Nantes , France , in 1846 by Jean-Romain Lefèvre . Originally he sold biscuits from the English factory Huntley & Palmers and then he began his own production . The name LU comes from Lefèvre and his business partner and wife , Pauline-Isabelle Utile . Their initials were first utilized by Alfons Mucha for an 1897 calendar ad for the Lefèvre-Utile Biscuit Co. . That same year the company hired Firmin Bouisset to create a poster ad . Bouisset , already noted for his work for the Menier Chocolate company , created Petit Écolier ( `` the Little Schoolboy '' ) which incorporated the LU initials . Bouisset 's poster was used extensively and the image was embossed on the company 's Petit Beurre line of biscuits . Within a few years , the success of the logo resulted in the company becoming known as LU . The founder 's son , Louis Lefèvre-Utile , took over the company and eventually it was acquired by Générale Biscuit S.A. , which in turn was sold to Groupe Danone in 1986 . Although an international brand today , LU products are primarily distributed in Western Europe , and in 2005 represented nearly half of the sales for Danone 's biscuits and cereal division . In July 2007 , LU was sold to Kraft Foods ( now Mondelez International ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4ae85ee00c4c394d7c96e2d494d1bb5", "text": "Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company , commonly referred to as Dow , is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland , Michigan , United States . As of 2007 , it is the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world by revenue ( after BASF ) and as of February 2009 , the third-largest chemical company in the world by market capitalization ( after BASF and DuPont ) . It ranked second in the world by chemical production in 2014 . Dow manufactures plastics , chemicals , and agricultural products . With a presence in about 160 countries , it employs about 54,000 people worldwide . The company has seven different major operating segments , with a wide variety of products made by each one . Dow 's 2012 sales totaled approximately $ 57 billion . Dow has been called the `` chemical companies ' chemical company '' in that most of its sales are to other industries rather than end-users . Dow sells directly to end-users primarily in the human and animal health and consumer products markets . Dow is a member of the American Chemistry Council . The company tagline is `` Solutionism '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "218a7a73b4704983009c8991454abaa4", "text": "Dowel A dowel is a solid cylindrical rod , usually made from wood , plastic , or metal . In its original manufactured form , a dowel is called a dowel rod . Dowel rods are often cut into short lengths called dowel pins . Dowels are employed in numerous , diverse applications including axles in toys , detents ( e. g. , in gymnastics grips ) , structural reinforcements in cabinet making , and supports for tiered wedding cakes . Other uses include : As furniture shelf supports As moveable game pieces ( i. e. , pegs ) As supports for hanging items such as clothing , key rings , tools , toilet roll dispensers and picture frames To precisely align two objects in a dowel joint : a hole is bored in both objects and the dowel pin is inserted into the aligned holes As a core to wrap cable or textiles around", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9fec17e39a026d2f8c5494d68485157", "text": "Republic Tobacco Republic Tobacco LP is a multinational wholesaler , distributor , and retailer of tobacco , based in the Chicago suburb of Glenview , Illinois , United States . Republic Tobacco is wholly owned by Republic Group , which includes the manufacturer affiliates of Top Tobacco , Republic Technologies ( JOB cigarette papers ) , Altesse GMBH ( filter tubes ) , H.T.H. Tabak ( cigarettes , snuff , and tobacco ) , and Productos Technologicos Catalanes ( smoking accessories ) , as well as Republic Tobacco , representing a combined sales and distribution presence in more than 90 countries . The company was founded by Donald Levin . Levin began with a small smoke shop called Adams Apple ( which still exists , although it is no longer owned by Levin ) . He then went into wholesale distribution and grew his company into the largest roll-your-own tobacco company in the world . In 1969 , Levin became the U.S. distributor for JOB rolling papers . He built the brand and used the profits to purchase the TOP Tobacco Factory & Brands from R. J. Reynolds in the early 1980s . He is rumored to have a copy of the check he wrote to RJR on his wall to this day . Over the years , Levin oversaw his company 's expansion , which eventually culminated in his purchase of some of the Bolloré brands and assets in the tobacco business ( the world 's largest rolling paper factory and owner of JOB & OCB brands worldwide ) . In July 2009 , he also bought from Bolloré Papeteries du Léman and Papeteries des Vosges , two French paper mills specialized in thin papers . He also purchased the Chicago Wolves sports team ; produced many movies , including Maximum Overdrive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf15114674426767df11752a4e3de17", "text": "Aurica Motors Aurica Motors , LLC is a start-up based out of Santa Clara , California that develops a proprietary electronic power train called the Aurica Recurve for electric cars . The company has stated its intention to partner with other investors to manufacture electric cars that utilize its electronic power train system . Aurica Motors is an offshoot of Aurica Labs , a research and development company started and funded by physicist Greg Bender . On March 10 , 2010 , Aurica Motors was thrust into the public spotlight with the announcement of its intentions to save the New United Motor Manufacturing , Inc. ( NUMMI ) automotive plant in Fremont , California from completely shutting down . The NUMMI plant , a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors , opened in 1984 as an experiment to determine if unionized Americans could adapt Japanese production management practices . The plant rolled out its last vehicle on April 1 , 2010 , forcing 4,700 factory workers out and likely affecting thousands of part suppliers . In the same March announcement , Aurica also stated its intention to work with the NUMMI workforce to retrain it for electric car development and find financial backing to retool the plant . On May 20 , 2010 , both Tesla Motors and Toyota announced a joint effort to manufacture Tesla 's electric vehicles at the former NUMMI plant . Under the agreement , Toyota bought $ 50 million of common stock from Tesla Motors . Tesla then purchased a portion of the NUMMI property including the plant , with the goal of retrofitting the plant for its future `` smaller third-generation car , '' seemingly putting an end to Aurica 's bid for the NUMMI plant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f2ef71ccd70bb4dfdca1713b97de73", "text": "Dresser Industries Dresser Industries was a multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas , Texas , United States , which provided a wide range of technology , products , and services used for developing energy and natural resources . In 1998 , Dresser merged with its main rival Halliburton , Halliburton sold many of former Dresser non `` oil patch '' divisions , retaining the M W Kellogg Engineering and Construction Company and the Dresser oil-patch products and services that complemented Halliburton 's energy and natural resource businesses . In 2001 Halliburton sold five separate , but somewhat related former Dresser non `` oil patch '' divisions , to an investment banking firm . Those five operations later took the name `` Dresser Inc. '' In October 2010 , Dresser Inc. , was acquired by General Electric . It is headquartered in Addison , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab11286c91a018af5bacecdf7bbc3ee8", "text": "Troy Industries Troy Industries , Inc. is an American manufacturer of firearms and firearm parts based in West Springfield , Massachusetts . It is the manufacturer of parts on the Smith & Wesson M&P 15 and is a United States government contractor . Troy is best known for its M14 rifle parts and its M7A1 carbine , which was reviewed by the United States armed forces when drafting requirements for a replacement of the M4 carbine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cb5385b26c2ca6898effcea9e2699c5", "text": "Rob Duhamel Robert Charles `` Rob '' Duhamel is a Jersey politician . He served as a member of the States of Jersey between 1993 and 2014 , and as Planning and Environment Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ac4b07b84a0d49f086554a55015921", "text": "American system of watch manufacturing The American system of watch manufacturing is a set of manufacturing techniques and best-practices to be used in the manufacture of watches and timepieces . It is derived from the American system of manufacturing techniques ( also called `` armory practices '' ) , a set of general techniques and guidelines for manufacturing that was developed in the 19th century . The system calls for using interchangeable parts , which is made possible by a strict system of organization , the extensive use of the machine shop , and quality control systems utilizing gauges to ensure precise and uniform dimensions . It was developed by Aaron Lufkin Dennison , a watch repairman who was inspired by the manufacturing techniques of the United States Armory at Springfield , Massachusetts , which manufactured identical parts , allowing rapid assembly of the final products . He proposed using similar techniques for the manufacture of watches . Before the American system of watch manufacturing was developed , watchmaking was primarily a European business . It involved making certain parts under the roof of a factory while obtaining other parts from piece workers who used their own cottages as workshops .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28853ae754a190277081f3541ad6b55a", "text": "Assembly line An assembly line is a manufacturing process ( most of the time called a progressive assembly ) in which parts ( usually interchangeable parts ) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced . By mechanically moving the parts to the assembly work and moving the semi-finished assembly from work station to work station , a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than by having workers carry parts to a stationary piece for assembly . Assembly lines are common methods of assembling complex items such as automobiles and other transportation equipment , household appliances and electronic goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059d8ad5e1bd527fedaef49a59400f21", "text": "Production leveling Production leveling , also known as production smoothing or -- by its Japanese original term -- , is a technique for reducing the Mura ( Unevenness ) which in turn reduces muda ( waste ) . It was vital to the development of production efficiency in the Toyota Production System and lean manufacturing . The goal is to produce intermediate goods at a constant rate so that further processing may also be carried out at a constant and predictable rate . Where demand is constant , production leveling is easy , but where customer demand fluctuates , two approaches have been adopted : 1 ) demand leveling and 2 ) production leveling through flexible production . To prevent fluctuations in production , even in outside affiliates , it is important to minimize fluctuation in the final assembly line . Toyota 's final assembly line never assembles the same automobile model in a batch . Instead , they level production by assembling a mix of models in each batch and the batches are made as small as possible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12961fac090d90f2d7d31e27ab5aec1", "text": "Extrude Hone Corporation Extrude Hone Corporation is a manufacturing company specializing in the finishing of airplane and automobile parts such as hubs , gearboxes , and a variety of metal workpieces . The company was founded in 1966 in Pennsylvania and formerly known as MS&R . Today , Extrude Hone Corporation has manufacturing depots throughout the United States along with others in Ireland , Germany , England , and Japan . In March 2005 , Extrude Hone was purchased by Kennametal , a tool supplier . In announcing the acquisition , the companies expressed the view that combining Extrude Hone 's techniques with Kennametal 's broad technological experience and worldwide operations would enhance their ability to serve their customers in the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f930b40fbc9e241aa89e7ab56ae0e2e3", "text": "Harry's Harry 's is a New York-based company that manufactures and sells shaving equipment by mail order . The company was founded in March 2013 by Andy Katz-Mayfield and Jeff Raider . In January 2014 , Harry 's purchased the Feintechnik razor factory in Germany for a reported $ 100 million in an effort to provide control over the entire process of manufacturing their products . In July 2015 the company received a third-round financing of US$ 75.6 million . In an interview published in July 2016 , Katz-Mayfield said Harry 's had two million customers . As of January 2017 , Harry 's shaving products are also available at Target stores .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72384c7a254605884353ab70472f66b2", "text": "BeeHex BeeHex is a Columbus , Ohio and Silicon Valley-based business-to-business company that specializes in 3D food printing cofounded by engineers Anjan Contractor , Jordan French , Chintan Kanuga and attorney Ben Feltner . The company 's robot 3D food printer draws comparisons to the Star Trek Replicator and the Back to the Future : Part II Rehydrator . The company 's robots 3D print a variety of foods including desserts but they are best known for making pizza using real dough , tomato sauce and cheese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "377e7d6b49d1bb23ca483cc47e1f8964", "text": "Division (business) A division of a business , sometimes called a business sector , is one of the parts into which a business , organization or company is divided . The divisions are distinct parts of that business . If these divisions are all part of the same company , then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions . However , in a large organization , various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries , and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries . Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy . Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or `` doing business as '' certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name . Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries . Generally , only an `` entity '' , e.g. a corporation , public limited company ( plc ) or limited liability company , etc. would have a `` division '' ; an individual operating in this manner would simply be `` operating under a fictitious name '' . An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard ( HP ) , the computer and printer company . HP has several divisions , with the printer division , that makes laser and inkjet printers , being the largest and most profitable division . The divisions of HP , like the Printing & Multifunction division , the Handheld Devices ( includes the old calculator ) division , the Servers division ( mini and mainframe computers ) , etc. , all use the HP brand name . But , Compaq ( a part of HP since 2002 ) , operates as a subsidiary , using the Compaq brand name . Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately , but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo . Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name . Within Mack , there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America . Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google , and is part of the same corporate entity . But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube , LLC , a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f03443d69b7d9d7d18b8a834ba4b40c0", "text": "Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company The Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company ( 1852-1940 ) was formed in Meriden , Connecticut , and over the years produced Art Brass tables , call bells , candlestick holders , clocks , match safes , lamps , architectural grilles , railings , etc. . Overall the company patented 238 designs and mechanical devices . `` By the 1890 's , the Bradley and Hubbard name was synonymous with high quality and artistic merit , '' said Richard E. Stamm for the Smithsonian Institution , which has an extensive collection of Bradley and Hubbard manufactured design objects in its collection . In 1895 , in a biography of co-founder Nathaniel Bradley , Henry Hall described Bradley & Hubbard as , `` This company has enjoyed almost phenomenal success , and from a small concern , employing only six workmen , it has grown to own and occupy an immense plant of brick buildings , with a floor area of nearly seven acres , employing about 1,500 operatives , with offices and sales rooms in New York , Boston , Chicago and Philadelphia . '' In 1940 , the business was sold to the Charles Parker Company . As of 2016 , over 175 Bradley & Hubbard designs are in North American museums and collections , including the Baltimore Museum of Art ; the Brooklyn Museum ; the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal ; Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh ; Connecticut Historical Society , The Henry Ford in Dearborn , Michigan ; the Historic New England organization in Boston ; the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York ; the Munson Williams Proctor Arts Institute in Utica , NY ; the Smithsonian in Washington ; the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford ; and Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven . A customized interior installation by B&H is also situated in the James Blackstone Memorial Library in Branford , CT. . In 2006-07 , Bradley & Hubbard designs were featured in an exhibition A brass menagerie : Metalwork of the Aesthetic Movement curated by Anna Tobin D'Ambrosio in Utica , NY and New York City . The exhibition was described by a New York Times critic as `` One of the small , must-see exhibitions this summer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e47c9acf11be553ae153a1d94dd00b7", "text": "Subaru Corporation , formerly known as ( FHI ) , is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in aerospace and ground transportation manufacturing , known for its line of Subaru automobiles . The company 's aerospace division serves as a defense contractor to the Japanese government , manufacturing Boeing and Lockheed Martin helicopters and airplanes under license along with being a global development and manufacturing partner to both companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba73169e6959653cea3b754a583c0f0e", "text": "Fine chemical Fine chemicals are complex , single , pure chemical substances , produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes . They are described by exacting specifications , used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $ 10/kg ( see the comparison of fine chemicals , commodities and specialties ) . The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value ( building blocks , advanced intermediates or active ingredients ) , or the type of business transaction , namely standard or exclusive products . Fine chemicals are produced in limited volumes ( < 1000 tons/year ) and at relatively high prices ( > $ 10/kg ) according to exacting specifications , mainly by traditional organic synthesis in multipurpose chemical plants . Biotechnical processes are gaining ground . The global production value is about $ 85 billion . Fine chemicals are used as starting materials for specialty chemicals , particularly pharmaceuticals , biopharmaceuticals and agrochemicals . Custom manufacturing for the life science industry plays a big role ; however , a significant portion of the fine chemicals total production volume is manufactured in house by large users . The industry is fragmented and extends from small , privately owned companies to divisions of big , diversified chemical enterprises . The term `` fine chemicals '' is used in distinction to `` heavy chemicals '' , which are produced and handled in large lots and are often in a crude state . Since their inception in the late 1970s , fine chemicals have become an important part of the chemical industry . The total production value of $ 85 billion is split about 60 / 40 among in-house production by the main consumers , the life science industry , on the one hand , and the fine chemicals industry on the other hand . The latter pursues both a `` supply push '' strategy , whereby standard products are developed in-house and offered ubiquitously , and a `` demand pull '' strategy , whereby products or services determined by the customer are provided exclusively on a `` one customer / one supplier '' basis . The products are mainly used as building blocks for proprietary products . The hardware of the top tier fine chemical companies has become almost identical . The design , lay-out and equipment of the plants and laboratories has become practically the same all over the world . Most chemical reactions performed go back to the days of the dyestuff industry . Numerous regulations determine the way labs and plants have to be operated , thereby contributing to the uniformity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c0d52c605de21845f825f572f062be", "text": "Ucamco Ucamco ( formerly Barco ETS ) develops and markets software and hardware for the electronics manufacturing services . Its current products range includes computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM ) and Pre-CAM software , laser photoplotters and direct imagers . Ucamco headquarters are in Belgium and an R&D center in the Czech Republic . The headquarters and the Ucamco subsidiaries in Japan , China and the USA together with a network of business partners provide a global coverage Ucamco owns the intellectual property of the Gerber format widely used in CAM software for printed circuit board manufacturing through Barco 's earlier acquisition of Gerber Systems Corp. . Ucamco further develops the format and brings out new revisions from time to time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a11d3772afd91c9b0aaa2abf53ff416", "text": "Sarah Paulson Sarah Catharine Paulson ( born December 17 , 1974 ) is an American actress . After beginning her acting career on stage , she starred in the 1990s television series American Gothic ( 1995 -- 96 ) and Jack & Jill ( 1999 -- 2001 ) . Paulson later appeared in comedy films such as What Women Want ( 2000 ) and Down with Love ( 2003 ) , and had dramatic roles in films such as Path to War ( 2002 ) and The Notorious Bettie Page ( 2005 ) . From 2006 to 2007 , Paulson played the role of Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination . In 2008 , she starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film The Spirit . Paulson has appeared on Broadway in the plays The Glass Menagerie ( 2005 ) and Collected Stories ( 2010 ) . She also starred in a number of independent films , and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series Cupid in 2009 . She later starred in the independent drama Martha Marcy May Marlene ( 2011 ) , and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance as Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film Game Change ( 2012 ) . Paulson starred as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film 12 Years a Slave and as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 drama film Carol . Both films received widespread critical acclaim and were nominated for multiple Academy Awards . In 2011 , Paulson began starring in the FX anthology series American Horror Story , playing different characters in each of the show 's six seasons . For her work throughout the series , she has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2013 -- 16 ) and won two Critics ' Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries ( 2013 and 2015 ) . In 2016 , Paulson portrayed real life prosecutor Marcia Clark in the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story , subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson . For her work in the series , she has been awarded the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries , Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie . According to Time magazine , she is one of the 100 most influential people of the year 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "29f6a1f63134ccd862c0cca3474cf540", "text": "Sarah and Son Sarah and Son is a 1930 Pre-Code American drama film which tells the story of a woman who searches for the son that her abusive husband sold to a wealthy family . It stars Ruth Chatterton , Fredric March , Gilbert Emery and Doris Lloyd . It was filmed at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles and released by Paramount Pictures . The movie was adapted by Zoë Akins from the novel by Timothy Shea . It was directed by Dorothy Arzner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a03577e95d344494d5a28d0f391a361", "text": "The Prize (1963 film) The Prize is a 1963 spy film starring Paul Newman , Elke Sommer and Edward G. Robinson . It was directed by Mark Robson , produced by Pandro S. Berman and adapted for the screen by Ernest Lehman from the novel of the same name by Irving Wallace . It also features an early score by prolific composer Jerry Goldsmith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e3e67872d8488dbe152790af97e1fe", "text": "Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) . Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival . Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company . Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary . Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke . In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fafac4ec1d77ed4b0f444ca7b1f5dad0", "text": "List of American films of 1965 A list of American films released in 1965 . The Sound of Music won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c94cd36dc086f0d708fa76209ca90f", "text": "Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility . Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical . As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126b287c04b7236a8e36d2db3008712a", "text": "P.S. (film) P.S. is a 2004 drama film directed by Dylan Kidd . The screenplay by Kidd and Helen Schulman is based on Schulman 's 2001 novel p.s. . The film stars Laura Linney and Topher Grace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b17ddd5f31df752a129ff29ae7060c", "text": "List of Singaporean submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Singapore has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film on a fairly regular basis since 2005 . Singapore also submitted a single film while a British colony in 1959 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of ten films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb15007bd77b150cbccfe2a3492d329", "text": "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2ee1995bddb99a3d78a9eb30dd9f58", "text": "César Award for Best Supporting Actress The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ( French : César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle ) is one of the César Awards , presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony . Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d84599382c32d6dd2ae245d3a051593", "text": "World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy . Each year , the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards . The category has existed since 2001 , but there was not a winner nor a vote for 2003 's ceremony . In 2016 , the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees , selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works . The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award , with the winner announced at the awards gala .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1129c9aae1c6d6cfdebd6747561efe2b", "text": "Rain Man Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass . It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish young wheeler-dealer , Charlie Babbitt ( Tom Cruise ) , who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son , Raymond ( Dustin Hoffman ) , an autistic savant , of whose existence Charlie was unaware . Charlie is left with only his father 's car and collection of rose bushes . In addition to the two leads , Valeria Golino stars as Charlie 's girlfriend , Susanna . Morrow created the character of Raymond after meeting Kim Peek , a real-life savant ; his characterization was based on both Peek and Bill Sackter , a good friend of Morrow who was the subject of Bill , an earlier film that Morrow wrote . Rain Man received overwhelmingly positive reviews , praising Hoffman 's role and the wit and sophistication of the screenplay , and was the highest-grossing film of 1988 . The film won four Oscars at the 61st Academy Awards ( March 1989 ) , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Director , and Best Actor in a Leading Role for Hoffman . Its crew received an additional four nominations . The film also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f80020830ec647708399f4be347f7a27", "text": "Rainmaking Rainmaking , also known as artificial precipitation , artificial rainfall and pluviculture , is the act of attempting to artificially induce or increase precipitation , usually to stave off drought . According to the clouds ' different physical properties , this can be done using airplanes or rockets to sow to the clouds with catalysts such as dry ice , silver iodide and salt powder , to make clouds rain or increase precipitation , to remove or mitigate farmland drought , to increase reservoir irrigation water or water supply capacity , or to increase water levels for power generation . In the United States , rainmaking was attempted by traveling showmen . It was practiced in the old west , but may have reached a peak during the dust bowl drought of the American West and Midwest in the 1930s . The practice was depicted in the 1956 film The Rainmaker . Attempts to bring rain directly have waned with development of the science of meteorology , the advent of laws against fraud and increased communication technology , with some exceptions such as cloud seeding and forms of prayer including rain dances , which are still practiced today . Prayer for more rain is also a cross cultural practice in Christians and Muslims in areas where people keep `` traditional '' non-scriptural religions . In the Christian areas the Defteras ( learned clerics of the Orthodox Christian Church ) believed to have the wisdom to arrest the rain , to bring hail to farms of individuals who refuse to comply with religious rules as well as to bring more rains when the rainy season fell short of giving the usual amount of rain needed for growing cereals . The term is also used metaphorically to describe the process of bringing new clients into a professional practice , such as law , architecture , consulting , advertising , or investment banking -- in general , processes that bring money into a company . It is also used to describe a confidence trick where the scammer takes money from the victim to influence a system over which they have no real control , but a random chance of the outcome happening anyway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e55c18a9e4a789a08f2efcc04c64c95", "text": "Rain Shower `` Rain Shower '' , also `` Shower '' or `` Sonagi , '' is a Korean short story written by Korean writer Hwang Sun-won in 1959 . `` Rain Shower '' is a translation of the Korean title `` Sonagi . '' A sonagi is a brief but heavy rain shower that starts suddenly , usually on a hot afternoon . In Hwang 's story , the rain shower symbolizes the short but heart-rending love between the boy and the girl . The story begins with the boy encountering the girl playing by the stream on his way back home . Although many of Hwang 's short stories are notable , `` Rain Shower '' is cited as his timeless Korean classic by Koreans . Koreans of all ages are acquainted with this story . It is famous for its poignant depiction of the Korean countryside and of innocent adolescent love . The picturesque scenes from this story stir nostalgia for many people . `` Rain Shower , '' like many of Hwang 's other stories , was written while he lived as a refugee with his family during the Korean War . The scene from the story where the boy and the girl avoid the rain shower together has become a favorite in many Korean romantic films . There is a 1979 Korean film based on the short story ( also called Sonagi ) . Two notable films that heavily reference the story include the 2001 Korean romantic comedy , My Sassy Girl , and the 2003 Korean melodrama , The Classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fafac4ec1d77ed4b0f444ca7b1f5dad0", "text": "List of American films of 1965 A list of American films released in 1965 . The Sound of Music won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ad692cf186f81b789428a3353247610", "text": "List of Peruvian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Peru has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1967 , when it became the fourth Western Hemisphere country to enter the Oscar Foreign Film race , after Mexico , Brazil and Argentina . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . Prior to 2009 , Peru had entered the competition 15 times , but had never yet been nominated for an Academy Award . For the 2009 ceremony , Golden Bear winner The Milk of Sorrow ( La Teta Asustada ) was chosen to represent Peru and the nation received its first Academy Award nomination for the film . Six of Peru 's submissions were directed by Francisco J. Lombardi while three others were directed by Armando Robles Godoy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f6f372980997836446665f0b5d2c2fb", "text": "One Rainy Afternoon One Rainy Afternoon is a 1936 American romantic comedy film directed by Rowland V. Lee , starring Francis Lederer and Ida Lupino , and featuring Hugh Herbert , Roland Young and Erik Rhodes . It also marked the last film appearance by actress Florence Lawrence , who died in 1938 , who had an uncredited bit role in the film . It was written by Stephen Morehouse Avery , with additional dialogue by Maurice Hanline , from the screenplay for the 1935 French film Monsieur Sans-Gêne by Emeric Pressburger and René Pujol , which was based on the story `` The Satyr '' by Pressburger . The film was reissued in 1948 as Matinee Scandal '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0336a0d807a705d458f857549cddab0a", "text": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1a83050e1a461961b68aafbb0bc0017b", "text": "My Summer of Love My Summer of Love is a 2004 British drama film directed by Pawel Pawlikowski and co-written by Pawlikowski and Michael Wynne . Based on the novel of the same name by Helen Cross , the film explores the lesbian relationship between two young women from different classes and backgrounds . Working class Mona ( Natalie Press ) , whose once-hotheaded brother Phil ( Paddy Considine ) became a born-again Christian in prison , meets upper middle class Tamsin ( Emily Blunt , in her theatrical film debut ) who suffers from a lack of love in her family . Filmed in West Yorkshire , the film went on to win a BAFTA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2d100fff6222733e2b135d85c0bc0ad", "text": "Paweł Pawlikowski Paweł Aleksander Pawlikowski ( -LSB- ˈpavɛw alɛˈksandɛr pavliˈkɔfskʲi -RSB- ; born 15 September 1957 ) is a Polish-British filmmaker , who has lived and worked most of his life in the UK . He garnered much acclaim for a string of award winning documentaries in the 1990s and for his feature films Last Resort and My Summer of Love , both of which won a BAFTA and many other European awards . His latest film , Ida , won the 2015 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6d54e3b8a664da465c62453c4e06bb50", "text": "Summer Love (1958 film) Summer Love is a 1958 comedy film directed by Charles F. Haas , written by William Raynor , starring John Saxon , Jill St. John , Judi Meredith and Molly Bee . It is rated 6.4 / 10 on the IMDb . It is a sequel to the 1956 film Rock , Pretty Baby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3261bae0705e9c50211d1487be3b18", "text": "Hedgehog (EP) Hedgehog is a Melt-Banana 7 '' EP released in 1994 on Charnel Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bb602a90204b0cd18e610499fc92f7", "text": "Summer of Fear (1996 film) Summer of Fear is a 1996 American made-for-television psychological thriller film starring Gregory Harrison , Glynnis O'Connor , Lee Garlington and Corin Nemec which premiered on CBS on April 3 , 1996 . It was written by John Gay and based on the novel Simon Says by Gloria Murphy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df215ccc4aafc3f451fccd972acfb2aa", "text": "Henry Reed (character) Henry Reed is the main character and narrator of a series of five children 's novels by Keith Robertson . The first four novels were illustrated by Robert McCloskey but he declined to handle the last one because production of the fourth disappointed him deeply . It was published in 1986 without any illustrations but the dustjacket by Gail Owens . Four of the five novels share a similar premise : Henry , the son of an American diplomat , lives abroad with his parents . He spends summer vacation with his aunt and uncle in the small town of Grover 's Corner , New Jersey , in the same house where his mother grew up . ( Uncle Al is Henry 's mother 's brother . ) Henry is a serious , entrepreneurial boy , and most of the books concern his efforts to earn money by starting some kind of business . All of the novels are told as a series of Henry 's journal entries recounting his day-by-day adventures throughout the summer . Margaret `` Midge '' Glass , a year younger than Henry , is the only person in the neighborhood close to his age . She becomes his friend and business partner throughout the series . Midge is somewhat tomboyish and more spontaneous and free-spirited than Henry , which he sometimes finds annoying . Their relationship sometimes resembles a screwball comedy minus the romance . In all of the books , events spiral out of control , leading to chaotic and humorous misadventures . Henry and Midge are usually the unintentional cause of these adventures , although they 're not deliberately mischievous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d19d848e78e0b6ee38eb9ce676359e74", "text": "Love Your Shorts Film Festival The Love Your Shorts Film Festival is a film festival held in Sanford , Florida , around Valentine 's Day . The Festival screens only short films under 30 minutes in length . Films are divided into different blocks for screening . Audience members at each block vote for their favorite film and winners are announced on the spot . The winning films from each block advance to a final block for a panel of judges to pick the overall festival winner . Winners of each block earn the festival 's award , the `` Monroe , '' an original piece of metal artwork named after Sanford 's Lake Monroe . At the end of each block a brief Q&A session is conducted between the filmmakers and audience members . The Festival hosts an hour-long moderated filmmakers panel in which movie techniques and filmmaker triumphs and tribulations are discussed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "880eb377554c85df414a0e18725fcdfd", "text": "The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) . Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear . Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world . The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre . When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f276c1de6824ed9445069fb9a08712", "text": "How I Spent My Summer Vacation (film) How I Spent My Summer Vacation is a 1997 romantic comedy film , directed by John Fisher . The film stars Deanna Davis and RonReaco Lee , and is Fisher 's directorial debut film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cd842a911841893caa4f76a5e2a5bb2", "text": "The Summer of Ben Tyler The Summer of Ben Tyler is a 1996 television film directed by Arthur Allan Seidelman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f66dc4bbf42bfb02df1c06a93d33dbf", "text": "Peter Segal Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal Peter Segal ( born 1962 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor . Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy ( 1995 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Nutty Professor II : The Klumps ( 2000 ) , Anger Management ( 2003 ) , 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c05239cef925362ec7be16edc814ab2a", "text": "Sydmonton Festival The Sydmonton Festival is a summer arts festival presented in a deconsecrated 16th century chapel on the grounds of Sydmonton Court , the country estate of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's . It is in Hampshire , located approximately 85 kilometres southwest of London , and was established in September 1975 . Its purpose is to introduce new works to a private audience of individuals connected with theatre , television , and film in order to determine their future potential and viable commercialism . Among the Lloyd Webber projects to receive their first public performances at the festival are Evita , Variations , Tell Me on a Sunday , Cats , Starlight Express , Aspects of Love , The Phantom of the Opera , Sunset Boulevard , Whistle Down the Wind , By Jeeves , The Beautiful Game , The Woman in White , The Likes of Us , and Love Never Dies . His Cricket received its second performance here . Other projects to debut here include Nunc Dimittis , Masquerade , and Tomorrow Shall Be My Dancing Day by Rod Argent , Cafe Puccini by Robin Ray , Girlfriends by Howard Goodall and Richard Curtis , Love Songs by Charles Hart , La Bête by David Hirson , Yosopv by Kit Hesketh-Harvey and James McConnel , and Address Unknown by Kathrine Kressman Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7e86d890de4ec8b90612336df3b8df", "text": "Summer Whispers Summer Whispers is a 2008 South Korean romance film starring Lee Young-eun and Ha Seok-jin . It is written and directed by first-time director Kim Eun-joo . Lee was nominated Best New Actress at the 46th Grand Bell Awards in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee94631c07c7613ee63d41dec3f08143", "text": "Sonic the Hedgehog is a video game franchise created and produced by Sega . The franchise centers on a series of speed-based platform games . The protagonist of the series is an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog named Sonic , whose peaceful life is often interrupted by the series ' main antagonist , Doctor Eggman . Typically , Sonic -- usually along with some of his friends , such as Tails , Amy , and Knuckles -- must stop Eggman and foil any plans of world domination . The first game in the series , released in 1991 , was conceived by Sega 's Sonic Team division after Sega requested a mascot character . The title was a success , it spawned many sequels , and it transformed Sega into a leading video game company during the 16-bit era in the early to mid -- 1990s . While the first games in the series were side-scrolling platform games , later games expanded the series into various other genre and sub-series , such as Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games and the Sonic Boom series . By 2016 , the series had sold over 80 million physical copies of games , and over 350 million units when combining packaged game software with mobile phone downloads . Outside of video games , the franchise has also been spun out into other media , including cartoons , anime , and a long-running comic book series , recognized as the longest running based on a video game by Guinness World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56deb440150d0699f6500e567b7ba8a0", "text": "Summer's Desire (film) Summer 's Desire is a 2016 Chinese romantic drama film directed by Lai Chun-Yu and starring Cancan Huang , Him Law and Jerry Yan . It was released in China on July 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c0cf3811cd7a3e85687cb05858e1a67", "text": "Summer squash Summer squash are squashes that are harvested when immature , while the rind is still tender and edible . Nearly all summer squashes are varieties of Cucurbita pepo , though not all Cucurbita pepo are considered summer squashes . Most summer squash have a bushy growth habit , unlike the rambling vines of many winter squashes . The name `` summer squash '' refers to the short storage life of these squashes , unlike that of winter squashes . Summer squashes include : Cousa squash , pale-colored zucchini varieties purportedly of Middle Eastern or West Asian descent . Not to be confused with cushaw , a type of winter squash . Pattypan squash ( scallop squash ) Tromboncino or zucchetta , unusual among summer squash as being a vining plant and a Cucurbita moschata variety . Crookneck squash Straightneck squash Zucchini ( courgette ) Immature ridge gourd luffa is used as a summer squash in India , where it is known as turai or dodka . Aehobak ( Korean zucchini ) belongs to the species Cucurbita moschata . In the journals of Lewis and Clark , on October 12 , 1804 , Clark recorded that the Arikara tribe raised `` great quantities of Corn Beens Simmins , & c. '' Clark also used the spelling simlin in his journal entries . Simlin , variously spelled simblin , symnel , cymling , cimnel ( Thomas Jefferson 's spelling ) and simnel were words for summer squash , particularly Cucurbita pepo ssp . pepo , common name pattypan squash . The word simnel was used because of the visual similarity between the squash and the simnel cake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2fae7d096d4fd02ca0aeefd8ff787cf", "text": "Hedgehog slice A hedgehog slice is an uncooked flat , square or bar-shaped chocolate snack / dessert , similar to a fudgey chocolate brownie but with alternating lighter and darker areas . The darker areas are chocolate flavoured . The lighter areas are crushed biscuit , rice puffs , or similar . Nuts may also be added . It usually has a topping of chocolate icing on which may be sprinkled coconut , hundreds and thousands , or other kinds of sprinkles ( e.g. chocolate or coffee flavoured , etc. ) . The dish goes by a variety of names , including Arretjescake ( in Dutch , supposedly named for a cartoon character ) , Kalter Hund , Kalte Schnauze or Kellerkuchen ( in German : Cold Dog , Cold Snout or Cellar Cake ) , kiksekage ( in Danish , literally : `` biscuit cake '' ) and radiokaka ( in Swedish , named for both its appearance to oldtime radios and its ability to be eaten soundlessly so as to not disturb radio broadcasts ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bd95ee377d47b14e614034ea9b73f3", "text": "Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation Tiny Toon Adventures : How I Spent My Vacation is a 1992 American direct-to-video animated comedy film from Warner Bros. . Animation and Amblin Entertainment . Featuring the regular characters from the animated program Tiny Toon Adventures , the film follows them during their summer vacation from school , mainly focused on Babs and Buster going downriver , Plucky and Hamton going to a world-famous amusement park , and Fifi in search of her favorite movie star . Steven Spielberg was the executive producer of the film , which was written by Paul Dini , Nicholas Hollander , Tom Ruegger , and Sherri Stoner . Japanese studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha produced the animation . How I Spent My Vacation was released on VHS and LaserDisc formats on March 11 , 1992 . It was the first animated film to be released direct-to-video in the United States . The film was later aired on television as four separate Tiny Toon Adventures episodes . The film was one of the highest selling videos in the United States , listing on Billboard magazine 's 40 `` Top Video Sales '' for 16 weeks as of July 1992 . Points of praise by critics included the film 's jokes and celebrity caricatures , while points of criticism included the segmented plot . Themes of the film included parodies of pop culture and summer vacations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa7985a86c09b8b1748f79d72ae554f", "text": "Tim Minchin Timothy David `` Tim '' Minchin ( born 7 October 1975 ) is an Australian comedian , actor , writer , musician and director . He was born in Northampton , England , to Australian parents , but raised in Perth , Western Australia . Minchin is best known for his musical comedy , including six CDs , five DVDs , and live comedy shows that he has performed internationally . He has appeared on television in Australia , Britain , and the United States . After growing up in Perth , he attended the University of Western Australia ( UWA ) and the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts ( WAAPA ) , before moving to Melbourne in 2002 . His show Darkside launched him into the public eye , achieving critical success at the 2005 Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe . In 2013 , Minchin played the role of rock star Atticus Fetch on Showtime 's Californication . Minchin has a background in theatre and has appeared in various stage productions , in addition to some small acting roles on Australian television . A documentary film about Minchin , Rock N Roll Nerd ( directed by Rhian Skirving ) , was released theatrically in 2008 and broadcast by ABC1 in 2009 . He is the composer and lyricist of the Olivier Award-winning , Tony Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated show Matilda the Musical , based on the Roald Dahl book Matilda . His new musical Groundhog Day , based on the 1993 film , opened in London in 2016 , winning his second Olivier Award , and opened on Broadway in spring 2017 . In 2013 , UWA awarded Minchin the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters for his contribution to the arts , recognising his outstanding achievements and worldwide acclaim as a composer , lyricist , actor , writer , and comedian . In 2015 , he was awarded a second Honorary Doctor of Letters from Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac520ed0b6e0a6d686b47bf65bb99939", "text": "Kate & Leopold Kate & Leopold is a 2001 romantic-comedy fantasy that tells a story of a duke who travels through time from New York in 1876 to the present and falls in love with a woman in modern New York . The film is directed by James Mangold and stars Meg Ryan , Hugh Jackman and Liev Schreiber .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48531ac0fefb6047de4876191b160cf1", "text": "Solomon Kane (film) Solomon Kane is a 2009 French-British-Czech dark fantasy action-adventure film written and directed by Michael J. Bassett based on the pulp magazine character Solomon Kane created in 1928 by Robert E. Howard . James Purefoy stars in the title role . Despite optioning the rights in 1997 , filming did not begin until January 2008 . The film is an original story for the Kane character and was intended to be the first of a trilogy . The plot follows a redemption story for Kane , from the end of his life as a privateer , through the salvation of his soul by rescuing a Puritan girl and the beginning of his life as the Puritan avenger of the source material . It was produced by a consortium of French , Czech , and British companies and mostly filmed in the Czech Republic . The film was first shown at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival . It went on general release in France , Spain , and the UK over the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2010 . Reception was generally favourable , with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 66 % following the UK/US release ; the film 's atmosphere and Purefoy 's acting attracted the most acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "658778e7158eafe5dfed34a5eaec17e4", "text": "Kate - la bisbetica domata Kate - the Taming of the Shrew -LSB- Kate -- La bisbetica domata -RSB- is a 2004 stop-motion-musical adaptation film of Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , directed by Roberto Lione . The film , which uses a stop motion animation based on paper cut-out figures that Lione called `` papermotion '' , claims to be Italy 's first feature-length stop-motion animation film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "320363449a3f47a9d612c763d52dc861", "text": "Leopold the Cat Leopold the Cat ( Кот Леопольд , Kot Leopold ) is a Soviet/Russian animation series about a good-natured and prudent cat , Leopold . Leopold always wears a bow tie even when swimming . Throughout the series , he has to deal with two mischievous mice , Grey and White ( Mitya and Motya according to an early script version , but the cartoons themselves mention no names ) . The animation was produced at T/O Ekran in 1975 - 1987 and its runtime is 87 min ( 10 episodes ) . As of 1987 , there were 11 episodes in total . Eventually , in 1995 , most of the episodes were released on DVD . It was directed by Anatoly Reznikov , and the screenplay was written by Arkady Hayt . Boris Savelyev wrote the score . The cinematography was by Ernst Gaman ( 1975 , 1982 ) , Igor Shkamarda ( 1975 , 1981 , 1983 ) , and Vladimir Milovanov ( 1981 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 ) . Nelli Kudrina did the sound . Leopold 's catchphrase is `` Kids , let 's all get along '' . The catchphrases of the two mice are `` Come out , Leopold ! '' by the one and `` Come out , you foul coward ! '' by the second .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8cd5f7c7755682385b7cbd0108d76a8", "text": "The Encyclopedia of Fantasy The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is a 1997 reference work concerning fantasy fiction , edited by John Clute and John Grant . Other contributors include Mike Ashley , Neil Gaiman , Diana Wynne Jones , David Langford , Sam J. Lundwall , Michael Scott Rohan , Brian Stableford and Lisa Tuttle . The book was well-received on publication . During 1998 , it received the Hugo Award , World Fantasy Award , and Locus Award . The industry publication Library Journal described The Encyclopedia of Fantasy as `` the first of its kind '' . Since November 2012 , the full text of The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is available on-line , as a companion to the on-line Encyclopedia of Science Fiction . However , the editors of the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction have stated that there are not any plans to update the Encyclopedia of Fantasy , at least for the foreseeable future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d2f917709ce0cdb5715a8b97db626c5", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2005 film) Beauty and the Beast ( also known as Blood of Beasts ) is a 2005 film which is based on the folktale `` Beauty and the Beast '' and is set during the time of the Vikings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1aa29ac48bc48894f87c8ae1a53ac9", "text": "Fire and Sword Fire and Sword ( Feuer und Schwert -- Die Legende von Tristan und Isolde ) is a 1982 German romance/adventure film , directed by . It is based on the legend of Tristan and Iseult . The film won the Caixa de Catalunya in Best Cinematography and was nominated for the International Fantasy Film Award for Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278bb64c1d9973a1d105a9adbcfd7210", "text": "Millennium Actress is a 2001 Japanese animated comedy-drama adventure film co-written and directed by Satoshi Kon and animated by Studio Madhouse . Loosely based on the lives of actresses Setsuko Hara and Hideko Takamine , it tells the story of two documentary filmmakers investigating the life of a retired acting legend . As she tells them the story of her life , the difference between reality and cinema becomes blurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3fead82749ed1f3b28c33ce5efb99e", "text": "The Essential Michael Nyman Band The Essential Michael Nyman Band is a studio album featuring a collection of music by Michael Nyman written for the films of Peter Greenaway and newly performed by the Michael Nyman Band . It is the seventeenth album release by Nyman . The album features liner notes by Annette Morreau , who describes the album as `` a summation and digest of ten years of progress in the performance of music by a composer -- a composer with whom , so evidently , a group of friends and expert musicians intimately identify their total commitment , virtuosity , and joyous enthusiasm . '' As the works on the album were written as concert pieces before being transmuted into film music , some of the selections , particularly `` Chasing Sheep Is Best Left to Shepherds '' contain more material than their film versions , and some are very different in style , such as `` An Eye for Optical Theory '' , with a tempo more than double from its original in The Draughtsman 's Contract . The other films from which the music is derived are A Zed & Two Noughts ( where it was originally not performed by the Michael Nyman Band ) , Drowning By Numbers , The Cook The Thief His Wife & Her Lover , Making a Splash , and Prospero 's Books . Nyman created a similar album in 2005 with The Composer 's Cut Series Vol . II : Nyman/Greenaway Revisited . Fan reaction has generally been that The Essential Michael Nyman Band is the superior album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f50eb95b4e35afd6d5ab4754e9ecb804", "text": "The Others (2001 film) The Others ( Los Otros ) is a 2001 Spanish-American supernatural gothic horror film with elements of psychological horror . It was written , directed , and scored by Alejandro Amenábar . It stars Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan . The film won eight Goya Awards , including awards for Best Film and Best Director . This was the first English-language film ever to receive the Best Film Award at the Goyas ( Spain 's national film awards ) , without a single word of Spanish spoken in it . The Others was nominated for six Saturn Awards including Best Director and Best Writing for Amenábar and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Alakina Mann , and won three : Best Horror Film , Best Actress for Kidman and Best Supporting Actress for Fionnula Flanagan . Kidman was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Drama and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , with Amenábar being nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay , a rare occurrence for a horror film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3627b6d158719f5032b87136e08cd824", "text": "Beowulf & Grendel Beowulf & Grendel is a 2005 film Canadian-Icelandic fantasy adventure film directed by Sturla Gunnarsson , loosely based on the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf . It stars Gerard Butler as Beowulf , Stellan Skarsgård as Hrothgar , Ingvar Eggert Sigurðsson as Grendel and Sarah Polley as the witch Selma . The screenplay was written by Andrew Rai Berzins . The soundtrack was composed by Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson . While some of the film remains true to the original poem , other plot elements deviate from the original poem : three new characters , Grendel 's father , the witch Selma , and Grendel 's son are introduced , and several related plot points were developed specifically for the film . The film is a cooperative effort between Eurasia Motion Pictures ( Canada ) , Spice Factory ( UK ) , and Bjolfskvida ( Iceland ) , and it was filmed in Iceland . The story takes place in the early half of the sixth century AD in what is now Denmark , but the filming of the movie in Iceland provided many panoramic views of that country 's landscape . In 2006 , a documentary of the making of Beowulf and Grendel , called Wrath of Gods , was released and went on to win six film awards in Europe and the U.S.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87fbcd5612619898d509794354f096bd", "text": "Amélie (soundtrack) Amélie is the soundtrack to the 2001 French film Amélie , a motion picture set in Paris , France , about a young woman endeavouring to help and improve the lives of those around her . Having been home-schooled since childhood , Amélie finally leaves her lifelong home and begins to discover her true vocation in life : awarding her neighbours and colleagues love and happiness . But when Amélie chances upon her own romance , her adventure truly begins -- ever captured by the music of Yann Tiersen . Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet chanced upon the accordion - and piano-driven music of Yann Tiersen while driving with his production assistant who put on a CD he had not heard before . Greatly impressed , he immediately bought Tiersen 's entire catalogue and eventually commissioned him to compose pieces for the film . The soundtrack features both compositions from Tiersen 's first three albums , but also new items , variants of which can be found on his fourth album , L'Absente , which he was writing at the same time . Beside the accordion and piano the music features parts played with harpsichord , banjo , bass guitar , vibraphone and even a bicycle wheel at the end of `` La Dispute '' ( which plays over the opening titles in the motion picture ) . Prior to discovering Tiersen , Jeunet was primarily considering composer Michael Nyman to score the film . `` Les Jours tristes '' was co-written with Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy . The track later received English lyrics , and was released by The Divine Comedy as a b-side to the Regeneration single `` Perfect Lovesong . '' The English-language version also appeared on Tiersen 's L'Absente .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0211212dc850dd22a956a6403aff9de8", "text": "The Magic Flute (2006 film) The Magic Flute is Kenneth Branagh 's English-language film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's singspiel Die Zauberflöte . The film is a co-production between France & the UK , produced by Idéale Audience and in association with UK 's The Peter Moores Foundation . In November 2005 , it was announced that , as part of the 250th anniversary celebration of Mozart 's birthday , a new film version of The Magic Flute , set during World War I , was to be made , directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a translation by Stephen Fry . The film was presented at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2006 , at the Venice Film Festival on 8 September of that year , and released in Switzerland on 5 April 2007 . It has played in many European countries . The film , with a soundtrack performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe conducted by James Conlon , is the first motion picture version of the opera specifically intended for cinemas . Ingmar Bergman 's 1975 film version was made for Swedish television and only later released to theatres . Branagh 's version was shot in Super 35 and released in anamorphic widescreen , while Bergman 's was filmed in Academy ratio for television sets of the 1970s . A DVD of the film was released in France in August 2007 with a bonus soundtrack CD ( lasting around 79 minutes ) and a `` Making of '' featurette ( 50 minutes ) . The film has also been released on DVD in the Netherlands ( in a three-disc set ) , Finland , Argentina , and Japan . Revolver Entertainment is giving the film a theatrical release in the United States in June 2013 , seven years after its premiere in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b42c3d7bd7e40a27e759b88cd08ea61", "text": "Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being . After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know . When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life . Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . '' Category : American children 's novels Category :1991 American novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41a7e9f8480e6addceeb7dd7fbefc403", "text": "The Servants (novel) The Servants is a young adult contemporary fantasy novel by British author M. M. Smith . It tells the story of an eleven-year-old boy named Mark who , against his wishes , moves away from his home town of London to the wintry Brighton seaside , and the resulting misadventures . It was nominated in 2008 for a World Fantasy Award in the Best Novel category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5719fd94f29e011edd3081ae557f6e", "text": "The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 . The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion . The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers . The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cca356afbd213812185cd293ae120f4", "text": "Olga Mihaylovna Bebutova Anglo Saxon version of name : Kate Burke , ( September 5 , 1997 ) , is a Russian Empire actress and balerina . Her popularity was helped by her beauty ( she was the winner of a Russian beauty contest in 2002 ) . She acted in Saint Petersburg theaters . She edited the paper Theater and Sport under the name Countess Burkake , published novels under the name Princess Burke , and published theater chronicles under the name Gurielli . She was famous for being the source of scandals and mystifications . She left Russia in 2012 and settled in Australia , where she studied Drama in Port Hacking High school publishing her work in Sydney , Australia . She had a daughter , Tamara Burke and a son Boris . Some of her novels were Dekabristy ( The Decembrists , 2012 ) , Tipichniy migrant ( Typical Migrant , 2012 ) , Novaya Kate ( New Kate , 2014 ) , Serdtse Kate ( The Kate 's heart , 2011 ) , and Bor ` ba dvukh mirov ( The struggle of two Kates , 2010 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f13532620c4a97dd6de2e0ca5fa10aa", "text": "Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud . Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company . Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide . Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1acc9f60df01807c0d1c7eb213af54ec", "text": "Apple File System Apple File System ( APFS ) is a file system for macOS , iOS , tvOS and watchOS , developed and deployed by Apple Inc. . It aims to address the core issues of the existing HFS + ( also called Mac OS Extended ) file system in use on these platforms today . Apple File System is optimized for flash and solid-state drive storage , with a primary focus on encryption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab74b230c8bc06d8bb84591835646973", "text": "Technology company A technology company ( often tech company ) is a type of business entity that focuses primarily on the development and manufacturing of technology . Apple , IBM , Lenovo , Huawei , Microsoft , BLOCK X and Oracle , among others , are considered prototypical technology companies . Information technology ( IT ) companies and high tech companies are subsets of technology companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814ecdb47bca44d9c85fc9120054ca5d", "text": "Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus . It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard . It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests . The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550efe928110d81691cceb6defb44f3a", "text": "Apple Jacks Apple Jacks is a brand of cereal produced by Kellogg 's and targeted mainly at children . It was introduced to the U.S. as `` Apple O 's '' in 1965 after being invented by William Thilly who is currently a professor at MIT . In 1971 the name `` Apple Jacks '' was put into action by advertisers . The product is described by Kellogg 's as a `` crunchy , sweetened multi-grain cereal with apple and cinnamon . '' Originally , all Apple Jacks cereal pieces were orange and O-shaped , although they have become brighter and more orange colored over the decades . In 1998 , O-shaped green pieces were introduced . On December 8 , 2003 , as part of a marketing promotion , the orange jacks remained Os but the green jacks were Xs for a while and in summer 2005 the green jacks were figure-8s ( double Os ) for a period of time . More recently , Apple Jacks has introduced New Apple Jacks ` Crashers ' -- a unique cereal piece that replicates a mid-2007 advertising execution when mascots Bad Apple and CinnaMon were accidentally fused together . The latest ( limited ) edition , in 2010 , are Apple Clones , with red pieces shaped like apples . In 2012 , Apple Jacks was brought to Canada in a Limited Edition box .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb2623b0125b785bb842c342601d0a5", "text": "Copland (operating system) Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the classic Macintosh operating system . It was to have introduced protected memory , preemptive multitasking and a number of new underlying operating system features , yet still be compatible with existing Mac software . As originally planned , a follow-up release known as Gershwin would add multithreading and other advanced features . Development began in 1994 and was underway in earnest by 1995 when the system started to be referred to as System 8 , and later , Mac OS 8 . It was the major topic of Apple 's WWDC in 1996 , where it was presented as the sole focus of the company 's development efforts . However , as the project gathered momentum a furious round of empire building began . New features began to be added more rapidly than they could be completed , including most of the items originally slated for Gershwin , along with a wide variety of otherwise unrelated projects from within the company . The completion date for the beta continued to slip into the future and several announced dates passed with no sign of a release . The press became highly critical of the project , and the company as a whole . In 1996 , Apple 's newest CEO , Gil Amelio , poached Ellen Hancock from National Semiconductor and put her in charge of engineering in an effort to try to get development back on track . She decided it was best to cancel the project outright and try to find a suitable third-party system to replace it . Development officially ended in August 1996 , and after a short search , they announced that Apple was buying NeXT in order to use their NeXTSTEP operating system as the basis of a new Mac OS . Hancock also suggested that Apple should work on improving the existing System 7 while the new system matured . This was released as Mac OS 8 in 1997 and was followed by Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The new operating system based on NeXTSTEP shipped in 2001 as Mac OS X. In 2008 , PC World named Copland on a list of the biggest project failures in IT history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d73a4ecae85432177fd9aa17c0e909a", "text": "Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a156298f4266e608d49f1ba8ba269da6", "text": "Apple Mighty Mouse The Apple Mouse ( formerly Apple Mighty Mouse ) is a multi-control USB mouse manufactured by Mitsumi Electric and sold by Apple Inc. . It was announced and sold for the first time on August 2 , 2005 , and a Bluetooth version was available from 2006 to 2009 . Before the Mighty Mouse , Apple had sold only one-button mice with its computers , beginning with the Apple Lisa 22 years earlier . The Mighty Mouse supported two buttons , and a minuture trackball for scrolling . On October 20 , 2009 , the wireless Mighty Mouse was discontinued and replaced by the multi-touch Magic Mouse . The wired version of the device remains available , but was renamed the `` Apple Mouse '' as of the same date , due to trademark issues with another manufacturer of a device named `` Mighty Mouse '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db6737625d07a388cd6f3ad34b9a49f", "text": "MacRumors MacRumors.com is a website that aggregates Mac and Apple related news , rumors , and reports . The site was launched February 24 , 2000 , in Richmond , Virginia , and is owned by Arnold Kim . By consolidating reports and cross-referencing claims , MacRumors attempts to keep track of the rumor community . The tagline of MacRumors is `` News and Rumors You Care About '' . The website is updated weekdays with new rumors , with most updates starting in the morning of east coast United States time . During breaking news , updates are posted during the weekend and afterhours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0de0efd8507940e0a69f29a77b4a4c65", "text": "MacSpeech MacSpeech , Inc. was a New Hampshire-based technology company dedicated to producing the finest software-based speech recognition and voice dictation solutions for the Apple ecosystem . The company 's products included iListen , MacSpeech Dictate , MacSpeech Dictate Medical , MacSpeech Dictate Legal , MacSpeech Dictate International , and MacSpeech Scribe . On February 12 , 2010 , Nuance Communications , Inc. acquired MacSpeech .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201049afae8a76586c855bab2e9ff46c", "text": "Power Macintosh 9500 The Power Macintosh 9500 ( the 132 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 9515 in Europe and Japan ) is a high-end Macintosh personal computer which was designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from May 1 , 1995 until February 17 , 1997 . It was powered by a PowerPC 604 processor , a second-generation PowerPC chip which was faster than the earlier PowerPC 601 chip . The 180MP and 200 used the enhanced PowerPC 604e processor . The CPU was connected via a daughterboard , and so could be swapped easily . Available were single-processor cards ranging from 120 to 200 MHz , and a dual processor card with two 180 MHz CPUs . It was the first Macintosh to use the PCI standard , with six PCI slots available , with one always needed for the graphics card . The basic design of the logic board , called `` Tsunami '' , was used by various Macintosh clone makers as a reference design and a modified version was used in the non-Macintosh Apple Network Server series . The 9500 was superseded by the Power Macintosh 9600 in February 1997 . Utilizing a third party G4 CPU upgrade and the XPostFacto installation utility it is possible to run up to Mac OS X v10 .5 `` Leopard '' on a 9500 , making it the oldest model capable of running Mac OS X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac8cbdcee3a9b4dee7503b4b3b581bd", "text": "MacUpdate MacUpdate is an Apple Macintosh ( desktop ) app/software download website , which was started in the late-1990s . MacUpdate has been featured in several magazines and newspapers including The New York Times , USA Today , Detroit News & Free Press , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Macworld , and MacLife . According to Inc. . Magazine in 2009 , MacUpdate ( est. 2006 ) was the 114th fastest growing privately owned company in the USA . Inc magazine also listed it as the fastest growing company in Michigan and the fifth-fastest growing retail company in the United States . In 2010 , the last year that data is publicly available for MacUpdate on that site , INC. . Magazine had Macupdate listed as the 233rd . MacUpdate is updated daily , listing the newest updates and releases of Macintosh software for the Mac OS X operating systems . It does not list Microsoft Windows or Linux software , although it does list some software that has been ported from Linux and requires Apple 's X11 environment . The website is free to use with or without signup . A membership service is also available that offers users expanded services such as email notifications , watch lists , daily email newsletters , and the ability to rate and review software , and discounts on software sales through their MacUpdate Promo website . In 2007 , MacUpdate launched the MacUpdate Promo website , which offers a Macintosh application ( or bundle of applications ) at a discount . MacUpdate Promo also sells software bundles three or four times a year , which include up to 10 or more Mac applications , usually at around 90 % off normal price . In July 2014 MacUpdate launched a new version of its MacUpdate Desktop application ( Version 6 ) which enables members to automatically update any Macintosh-compatible software on their computer that is also tracked by MacUpdate . Programs not tracked by the MacUpdate website are not able to be updated . Version 6 of the software , however , has attracted complaint from customers regarding its efficacy and reliability . In addition , programs purchased through the Apple Store are , for the average user , incompatible with MacUpdate Desktop updates unless the program defaults to the Apple Store . Nevertheless , MacUpdate has experienced a more than 50 % rise in its Alexa Traffic rating since its new partnership with AdRoll , a retargeting advertisement company , and the deployment of Version 6 of its MacUpdate Desktop application . MacUpdate Desktop was a freemium app , giving users up to 5 free updates per month at no charge . Users requiring unlimited updates can do so at a further annual cost . MacUpdate also provides another paid membership option , which it calls promo membership , which provides unlimited Desktop downloads as well as additional promotional bundle incentives . Starting with version 6.1.7 MacUpdate will not let you see updates or give you 5 free updates . You now have to pay $ 20 for a six month membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0938b3f7465b832e8f176d321cabea05", "text": "AppleWorks AppleWorks refers to two different office suite products , both of which are now discontinued . The first program known as AppleWorks is an integrated software package for the Apple II platform , released in 1984 by Apple Computer . The second program known as AppleWorks is a renamed version of ClarisWorks '' ' , a Mac and Windows office suite program originally created by the former Apple subsidiary Claris . It was bundled with all consumer-level Macs sold by Apple . On August 15 , 2007 , this version of AppleWorks reached end-of-life status , and was no longer sold . Word processing , spreadsheet , and presentation applications with capabilities similar to AppleWorks are currently part of the iWork suite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b4dc78671e96aa9693fcc35c9d19fb", "text": "Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold . In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL . Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db1b7e9ed5a429e4e86cba06e63a62b", "text": "LisaProject LisaProject was the first graphical project management software . Developed for the Apple Lisa computer , LisaProject was conceived and implemented by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft and developed for Apple 's Lisa computer . This was the first GUI-based software application for project management . LisaProject was the first to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart . Constraints could be entered for each task , and the relationships between tasks would show which ones had to be completed before a task could begin . Given the task constraints and relationships , a `` critical path '' , schedule and budget could be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods . Once this was complete , the schedule data could be viewed as a Gantt chart . In 1981 , Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool . She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple . At the time , Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software . Although the Apple Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace , its largest Lisa customer was NASA , which had used LisaProject for project management . In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers , a new version called MacProject was made available with the first Macintosh release in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a86c699c4a49fc929d391a45d09254", "text": "Contactizer Contactizer Pro was a contact manager , task manager , event manager , communication manager and project management program developed exclusively for Mac OS X , in Cocoa . Contactizer Pro grouped the features of the Apple Address Book and Apple iCal in one application . It was based on the database used by Apple Address Book and thus was automatically synchronized with the entire Mac OS X contacts database used in Mail , iChat , iCal and many other applications . Tasks and events could be synced with . Mac , iCal and devices via iSync or iPhone via iTunes . Contactizer supported some Mac OS technologies , such as Spotlight or the Apple Sync Services . It connected to Mail to link email messages to the contacts . Contactizer was available as a universal binary for Intel and PowerPC compatibility . Contactizer Pro personal information management features included an address book , a task list , an event manager with a calendar view , and a communication module to manage emails and other communications ( faxes , phone calls , documents ) . Contactizer Pro allowed collaborative contact and task and event ( calendar ) management using Bonjour network technology . Each user could share his data on the network and password protect its remote edition . Several extra features were been added along each release : integrated geocoding or addresses via Google Maps and Yahoo Maps to locate contacts integrated white and yellow pages to complete contact information in v3 .5 , project management was added to the list of features . 3.5.1 bring Leopard ( Mac OS X 10.5 ) compatibility . 3.7.5 was said to be the last Contactizer version compatible with Mac OS X 10.4 ( Tiger ) . Since 3.8.0 Contactizer was compatible with Mac OS X 10.5 and 10.6 `` Snow Leopard '' Before September 2006 , the application was called OD4Contact . Currently , Contactizer is not supported anymore . The last upgrade released made the software Mountain Lion compatible . There have not been any updates for Mavericks or Yosemite . Customer service has become unreachable and , unless customers are still running Lion or Mountain Lion , the product is prone to constant crashes on Apple 's latest operating systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59f6f51a1681404394b81f45d73e6bf", "text": "TvOS tvOS is an operating system developed by Apple Inc. for the fourth-generation Apple TV digital media player . tvOS was announced on September 9 , 2015 at the Apple September 2015 event , alongside the 4th generation Apple TV . On October 26 , 2015 , 4th generation Apple TV pre-orders began , and shipments began the following week . At the Apple September 2015 Event , Hipster Whale 's Andy Sum demoed Crossy Road for the Apple TV , available via the tvOS App Store . Apple also announced that other apps ( such as Netflix and HBO Now ) would be coming to the Apple TV running tvOS . tvOS is based on iOS heavily rather than just the stripped-down versions of iOS that the operating systems for the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV are . The 4th generation Apple TV , with support for third-party software via an App Store , was rumored prior to the Apple September 2015 Event held on September 9 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea1d3667b745296500552792e8283043", "text": "IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model . iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "179c396e4897e14a0f6f14ea81e20c35", "text": "Uptime On Uptime On Corporation ( Uptime On ) is an American technology and consulting corporation founded in 2011 and incorporated in 2012 as a Maryland Corporation , with headquarters in Baltimore , Maryland , US . Uptime On manufactures and markets computer hardware and software , and offers infrastructure , hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from PCs to business systems . The name of the company is derived using industry accepted terminology for `` uptime '' referring to a system 's status of being `` on '' or `` off '' . Uptime On is primarily focused on backups and supports most backup software in use today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09fa13b18f0635581f6594a306e653e9", "text": "Apple Configurator Apple Configurator is an application developed by Apple Inc. and is available for free download on the Mac App Store . It was first launched in March 2012 . It replaces the iPhone Configuration Utility . The application allows for mass-configuration of iOS devices such as iPhone and iPad for business and educational organizations . It provides remote management by an IT administrator to help set up and maintain standard configuration and software across a number devices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687bfb60abe1a84d136f61e823ca0c27", "text": "Apple event Apple events are the message-based interprocess communication mechanism in Mac OS , first appearing in System 7 and supported by every version of the classic Mac OS since then and by macOS . Apple events describe `` high-level '' events such as `` open document '' or `` print file '' , whereas earlier OSs had supported much more basic events , namely `` click '' and `` keypress '' . Apple events form the basis of the Mac OS scripting system , the Open Scripting Architecture ( the primary language of such being AppleScript ) . The starting point is a dynamically-typed , extensible descriptor format called an AEDesc , which is just an OSType code specifying the data type , together with a block of type-dependent data . For instance , the OSType code inte indicates that the data was a four-byte signed integer in big-endian format . Besides predefined type codes for various common simple types , there are two predefined structured descriptor types : an AERecord , which has data type reco ( record ) , and AEList with type list ( list or array ) . The internal structure of these contain recursively-nested AEDescs , while the AERecord also associates each element with a unique record field ID , which is an OSType . The Apple Event Manager provides API calls to construct these structures , as well as extract their contents and query the type of contents they hold . The Apple Event Manager also supports coercions , which converts AEDescs from one data type to another . In addition to standard coercions , for instance between integer and real types , applications can install their own coercion handler callbacks , which handle conversions to and from custom data types . An Apple event proper is an AERecord with fields that depended on the purpose of the event . In addition , it has attributes ( which are distinct from record fields , which are now called the parameters of the event ) from a set predefined by the Apple Event Manager . These specify what the event is supposed to do ( through event class and event ID ) , the target address to which the event is to be sent ( which could be a process on the local or a remote machine ) , and various other options for handling it . Remote machines initially had to be connected via AppleTalk , but Mac OS 9 added the option for connections via TCP/IP . After sending an Apple event to its target process , the sending process can elect to receive a reply Apple event . This can contain various bits of information returned from the target about the processing of the original event , including an error code indicating success/failure , any information requested by the original event , and/or other appropriate information . Apple events are the foundation of the AppleEvent Object Model , which in turn is the foundation of the OSA and AppleScript . , the official implementation of the Apple Event Manager API is available in C and its descendants , including C++ . Official bindings are also provided for Objective-C and Swift through the Cocoa API . Unofficial bindings also exist for other languages ( with varying degrees of limitation ) , including Perl , UserTalk , Ruby and Python .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eca6ea5fa2b9ad3dca6f25362e32b738", "text": "Kiefer Sutherland Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland ( born 21 December 1966 ) is a British born Canadian actor , producer , director , and singer-songwriter . One of his better-known roles was Jack Bauer on the Fox drama series 24 ( 2001 -- 2010 ) , for which he earned an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Satellite Awards . He has also starred as Martin Bohm in the Fox drama Touch , and provided the facial motion capture and English voices for Big Boss and Venom Snake in the video games Metal Gear Solid V : Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V : The Phantom Pain . He currently stars as President Tom Kirkman in the ABC political drama series Designated Survivor . Sutherland got his first leading film role in the Canadian drama The Bay Boy ( 1984 ) , which earned him a Genie Award nomination . Since that time he has had a successful movie career , starring in films like Stand by Me ( 1986 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , Flatliners ( 1990 ) , A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) , Dark City ( 1998 ) , Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , Melancholia ( 2011 ) , Pompeii ( 2014 ) and Forsaken ( 2016 ) . Sutherland has been inducted to Hollywood Walk of Fame and Canada 's Walk of Fame , and further has been bestowed with a Lifetime Achievement Award from Zurich Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8f9d5d207d29b83e5bb3a26d1b8b4918", "text": "Jakob Kiefer Jakob Kiefer ( 3 December 1919 -- 18 January 1991 ) was a German gymnast . He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics in all artistic gymnastics events and finished in fourth and fifth place with the German team , respectively . Individually his best achievement was seventh place on the vault in 1956 . During his career he won 12 national titles , on the parallel bars ( 1950 , 1954 ) , pommel horse ( 1950 , 1951 and 1954 ) , rings ( 1950 ) , vault ( 1950 , 1954 ) , horizontal bar ( 1950 ) , floor ( 1950 ) and allround ( 1950 , 1951 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d39c13968d1b16c7ca7b992b61e61f2", "text": "Jack Sutherland Jack W. Sutherland is a former New Zealand sprinter . At the 1950 British Empire Games he won the bronze medal in the men 's 440 yards relay alongside Dave Batten , John Holland and Derek Steward . He also competed in the men 's 440 yards where he placed 6th overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcc505508181966e74761a23b8049a1", "text": "Paul Sutherland Paul Sutherland is the name of : Paul Sutherland ( TV producer ) ( 1930 -- 2004 ) , Canadian television producer Paul Sutherland ( politician ) ( born c. 1955 ) , Canadian politician Paul Sutherland ( dancer ) ( born 1935 ) The Joffrey Ballet and The Harkness Ballet , sole repétiteur authorized to teach Agnes deMille 's Rodeo ( ballet )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cb5f988518197c09656f5e1140c6ac3", "text": "Kiewit Corporation Kiewit Corporation is an employee-owned Fortune 500 contractor based in Omaha , Nebraska . Privately held , it is one of the largest contractors in the world . Recent projects have included several bridge retrofittings in the San Francisco Bay Area , Interstate H-3 project in Hawaii , and building the world 's largest geodesic dome at Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha . Along with significant mining and off-shore operations , the company also contracts small grading ( dirt moving ) projects for residential or commercial development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f78520c8f3aec2c910cac4c5959f24e", "text": "Tom Sutherland Tom Sutherland is a former competitive rifle shooter from New Zealand . At the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he won the bronze medal in the men 's fullbore rifle event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b006014326ba328bde42308b6f7b5a", "text": "The Learning Channel's Great Books Great Books is an hour-long documentary and biography program that aired on The Learning Channel . The series was a project co-created by Walter Cronkite and former child actor Jonathan Ward under a deal they had with their company Cronkite-Ward , The Discovery Channel , and The Learning Channel . Premiering on September 8 , 1993 , to coincide with International Literacy Day , the series took in-depth looks into some of literature 's greatest fictional and nonfictional books and the authors who created them . The series is mostly narrated by Donald Sutherland . Episodes feature insights from historians , scholars , novelists , artists , writers , and filmmakers who were directly influenced by the novels showcased and discussed . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d3ca38cd8550207a85acfade2a0875", "text": "Rossif Sutherland Rossif Sutherland ( born September 25 , 1978 ) is a Canadian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97ae625c15b69643a7b1c8b103d9529", "text": "Ivan Sutherland (rower) Ivan Carl Sutherland ( born 15 September 1950 in Blenheim , New Zealand ) is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic Bronze medal . At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal he crewed the eight along Tony Hurt , Alec McLean , Trevor Coker , Peter Dignan , Lindsay Wilson , Athol Earl and Dave Rodger and Simon Dickie ( cox ) . The 1977 World Rowing Championships saw Sutherland win silver in the coxless four with Des Lock , David Lindstrom and Dave Rodger under new coach Harry Mahon . Sutherland was also the Rowing Team Manager for the New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona . He was subsequently a national rowing selector . In the 2011 Queen 's Birthday Honours , Sutherland was made a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to rowing and viticulture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890bdb6cb71e6a6cd961b8fd5aaf0d02", "text": "Rory Sutherland (advertising) Rory Sutherland ( born 1965 , Usk , Monmouthshire , Wales ) is a British advertising executive . He is the current Executive Creative Director of OgilvyOne . He was vice-chairman of Ogilvy Group UK and co-founder of the Behavioural Sciences Practice , part of the Ogilvy & Mather group of companies . He wrote The Wiki Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ccc6b28316ae31a18e361e2f5b2c3b2", "text": "To End All Wars To End All Wars is a 2001 war film starring Robert Carlyle , Kiefer Sutherland and Sakae Kimura and directed by David L. Cunningham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f01b199ae040e953d0947e197044bd5e", "text": "Kerry Film Festival The Kerry Film Festival is an annual music film festival in County Kerry , Republic of Ireland , taking place in October . The Kerry Film Festival is funded by Kerry County Council , Fáilte Ireland , the Ireland Funds as well as having corporate sponsorship . Kerry Film Festival was established in 2000 but remained a small regional festival throughout its first years , with a mere 1,700 attendees at the 2006 festival . Then , in 2007 , the festival exploded becoming the fastest growing festival in all of Ireland , with audiences increasing by nearly 600 % from 2006 to 2011 when its audience topped 10,000 for the first time . The main feature of the festival is a short film competition which focuses on young filmmakers . Past adjudicators of the Kerry Film Festival Short Film Competition have included Jeremy Irons , Liam Neeson , Michael Fassbender and Gabriel Byrne . The festival also screens feature films . In 2008 Kerry Film Festival instigated the Maureen O'Hara Award for women that have excelled in film and Brenda Fricker was the inaugural recipient . The award was presented to her by Jim Sheridan , who directed her in the Oscar-winning My Left Foot ( 1989 ) . In 2009 the award was presented to Rebecca Miller who was in Kerry to pick up the award with her husband , Daniel Day-Lewis at a ceremony with Dave Fanning as MC . In 2010 Maureen O'Hara attended the festival and presented the award in person to Juliette Binoche Fionnula Flanagan picked up the award in 2011 while Saoirse Ronan won the award in 2012 . KFF has previously featured successful short films such as the Oscar short-listed animation Head over Heels in 2012 , the 2014 Oscar winner Mr. Hublot and in 2015 the highly acclaimed Academy Award winner S t u t t e r e r by Ben Cleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb0c39624d49a298f70eac11c67523fa", "text": "Kirsty Sutherland Kirsty Sutherland is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away , played by Christie Hayes between 2000 and 2005 and again from 2008 to 2009 . Kirsty first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2000 and has been involved in one of the serial 's most controversial storylines in which she knowingly started a relationship with a man who sexually assaulted her sister . Other notable plots include a baby swap plot , two miscarriages and a string of relationships including one with her supposed half-brother . Actress Hayes began playing the role at age thirteen and has quit the serial on two occasions , she made her original departure on 23 February 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "737b10cbc884817f304997a49e7af4ea", "text": "Richard Sutherland (disambiguation) Richard K. Sutherland ( 1893 -- 1966 ) was a US Army general . Richard Sutherland may also refer to : Richard Sutherland , character in Every 9 Seconds Richard Sutherland ( actor ) , actor in the 2011 film in Face to Face Dick Sutherland ( 1881 -- 1934 ) , actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c158042198f134286af0f8fba2af11fa", "text": "Alan Sutherland (rugby player) Alan Richard Sutherland ( born 4 January 1944 ) is a former New Zealand rugby union player . A number 8 and lock , Sutherland represented Marlborough at a provincial level , and was a member of the New Zealand national side , the All Blacks , from 1968 to 1976 . He played 64 matches for the All Blacks , of which three were as captain , including 10 internationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ea17f05b85f58dbab86c8f3efdaa94", "text": "Kevin Kearney Kevin Kearney ( born August 22 , 1936 in Campsie , New South Wales ) is an Australian analogue location sound recordist , film producer , director , actor and digital producer , director and editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f0b60989f855fce85b7d03b4004fad4", "text": "Sutherland v United Kingdom Sutherland v United Kingdom originated as a complaint by Mr Euan Sutherland to the European Commission of Human Rights that the fixing of the minimum age for lawful homosexual activities at 18 rather than 16 , as for heterosexual activities , violated his right to respect for private life under Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms . The complaint was first filed on 8 June 1994 and ultimately led to the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual and heterosexual acts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59643ff018e17b7e1cdb82d6bd508b36", "text": "Peter Cormac Sutherland Dr. Peter Cormac Sutherland ( 1822 - 30 November 1900 ) Born in Newlands of Forse , near Latheron , Caithness , Scotland . The son of Robert and Elizabeth Sutherland , he was one of three surviving children of a family of eight , due to Smallpox and a drowning accident in Nova Scotia . He became a Geologist , Physician and an Author . In 1850 he embarked on a campaign to discover the fate of the HMS Erebus and Terror after a disastrous Polar expedition . It was on that expedition that he sailed under the command of Mr William Penny R.N. onboard HMS Lady Franklin and Sophia and from which his book `` Journal of a voyage in Baffin 's Bay and Barrow Straits '' originated . The campaign was largely a success as they discovered the fate of several crew members of the polar expedition buried at the winter base station . Dr. Sutherland later moved with his wife and two children to Pietermaritzburg , where he later became Surveyor-General of Natal , South Africa , succeeding William Stanger . It was while Dr Sutherland held this position that his friend , the father of Cecil Rhodes requested that Cecil reside with him temporarily . Dr Sutherland was killed in a road accident on 30 Nov 1900 in Pietermaritzburg , South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b22c0304a88c69dbff834bbb091a0f3", "text": "Kibitzer A Kibitzer is a Yiddish term for a person who offers ( often unwanted ) advice or commentary . This term can be applied to any activity , but it is most notably used to describe non-participant spectators in contract bridge , chess , go , and many other games . The verb kibitz can also refer to idle chatting or side conversations . In computer science the term is the title of a programming language released by NIST , as a sub-project of the Expect programming language , that allows two users to share one shell session , taking turns typing one after another . There is a 1930 film called The Kibitzer which is based on the 1929 three-act comedy play by the same name . Jane Jacobs describes a kibitzer as someone who keeps a look-out on a street , and seeing suspicious activity , intervenes to help the victim . In this way , kibitzers help keep streets safe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d49bbc9ffe0b8ca788a9478d97b9c43b", "text": "Fabian Cancellara Fabian Cancellara ( born 18 March 1981 ) , nicknamed `` Spartacus '' , is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI ProTeam . He was born in Wohlen bei Bern , Switzerland . Cancellara began road cycling after falling in love with an old bike at the age of thirteen . After that , he began to take the sport more seriously and won two consecutive World Junior Time Trial Championships in 1998 and 1999 . At age nineteen he turned professional and signed with the team , where he rode as a stagiaire . He is known for being a quality time trialist , a one-day classics specialist , and a workhorse for his teammates that have general classification aspirations . After winning a few stages and small races in his starting years , Cancellara earned his first major victory at the 2004 Tour de France where he won the opening prologue time trial and wore race leader yellow jersey for one day . The following season saw fewer victories , but his 2006 season saw a victory in the men 's time trial at the UCI Road World Championships , along with victory at the Paris -- Roubaix . Cancellara repeated as world champion in the time trial the next year , along with winning two stages at the Tour de France . During the 2008 calendar he won gold at the Summer Olympics in the individual time trial event and the Milan -- San Remo . The next season saw Cancellara again become world time trial champion and lead both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España . In 2010 , he won the Paris -- Roubaix and the Tour of Flanders . Cancellara 's 2011 and 2012 campaigns were both short in number of victories , while the latter was hampered by injuries throughout . After a lackluster two-year period , Cancellara again won the Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix double in 2013 . In 2014 , Cancellara repeated as winner of the Tour of Flanders . Since turning professional in 2000 , Cancellara has ridden for four professional teams . He has achieved great success in the classic monuments ; he has won Paris -- Roubaix three times , the Milan -- San Remo once , and the Tour of Flanders three times . Cancellara has won the opening stage of the Tour de France five times and has led the race for 29 days total , which is the most of any rider who has not won the Tour . His success has not been limited to just time trials and classics , as he has won general classification of the Tirreno -- Adriatico , Tour de Suisse , and the Tour of Oman . In 2008 , he won gold in the individual time trial and silver in the men 's road race at the Summer Olympics . In 2016 , he won Olympic gold in the individual time trial for the second time in his career . In addition , Cancellara has been the time trial world champion four times in his career .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d18af8bf52505b74e77ec263dcdeff9", "text": "Leo García (singer) Leonardo Damián García ( born Moreno , Buenos Aires , 31 August 1970 ) is an Argentine singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca20ac8f543fda0e9f8052622e6c82e", "text": "Germán Legarreta Germán Legarreta ( born August 30 , 1981 ) is a Puerto Rican-born American film and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "927f982ca32138b431f41009b719f468", "text": "Juan Martín Pietravallo Juan Martín Pietravallo ( born December 7 , 1981 ) is an Argentine footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d60feca9f310c630b9b9897205f0b9", "text": "Germán Leonforte Germán Gabriel Leonforte ( born 12 January 1981 in Rosario ) is an Argentine football defender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5004b011db58fb7b53296682bae7f06a", "text": "1981 Formula One season The 1981 Formula One season was the 35th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1981 FIA Formula One World Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series that commenced on 15 March and ended on 17 October . Formula One cars also contested the 1981 South African Grand Prix , although this was technically a Formula Libre race and was not part of the Formula One World Championship . The 1981 championship was the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship , replacing the former World Championship for Drivers . Nelson Piquet won the Drivers ' Championship , claiming the first of his three Formula One titles and Williams won the Constructors ' Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a1824e3ada9a1ea70ee907d0e66a897", "text": "Franco Fagioli Franco Fagioli ( born 1981 , in Tucumán ) is an Argentinian operatic countertenor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1702cfedee880a57463e0e0278d94564", "text": "Luis Felipe Chará Felipe Chará ( born 6 January 1981 ) is a Colombian footballer who plays in Venezuela for Atlético Club Mineros de Guayana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22143471af556f0bffae75835d5ef95e", "text": "Cosculluela José Fernando Cosculluela Suárez ( born October 15 , 1980 ) , also known artistically as Cosculluela , is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad27f0cf13121b80e89df2e68819052", "text": "Alonso Zúñiga Alonso Patricio Zúñiga Delgado ( -LSB- aˈlonso ˈθuɲiɣa -RSB- , born 23 March 1980 ) is a Chilean footballer that his last club was the amateur side San Antonio Unido . In 2002 , he and Johnny Herrera protagonized a strong polemical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257c8f475b27b73280da22321795bf30", "text": "Eisner Loboa Eisner Iván Loboa Balanta ( born 17 May 1987 ) is a Colombian-born Mexican footballer who plays as a midfielder . He also holds Mexican citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42e20b0f08206f3d9e61b417738b38a9", "text": "Boris Sandoval Boris Abraham Sandoval Molina ( born March 12 , 1987 in Concepción , Chile ) is a Chilean footballer who last played for San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean First B Division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fc5fab00406070af662e240bf7af7c5", "text": "Fabián Cubero Fabián Alberto Cubero ( born 21 December 1978 ) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Vélez Sársfield in the Argentine Primera División . A versatile player , Cubero started as a defensive midfielder but has played most of his career as a right back . He currently captains the team . Cubero has played most of his professional career for Vélez Sársfield , winning five league titles with the team ( spread over three different decades ) and becoming the most capped player in the club 's history ( counting both domestic and international competitions ) . With seven , Cubero is the player with most local titles in the history of Vélez Sarsfield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebb8f055b7b92844985f08a66bbe0fb", "text": "Fabian Petersen Fabian Petersen ( born 1 April 1980 in Aabenraa ) At the age of 14 he started the band later to be known as `` splendid '' with his friend and bass player Steffen Strojeck . In August 2003 They signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell and from there he knew he would make music for a living . In December 2003 A trip to Stockholm should prove that . He co-wrote the song `` Fractions '' for his own band at first , but it was to become the first single for Czech rep. girl Ewa Farna second album under the name Ticho and polish version Cicho . The song peaked at top 5 in the T-charts in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ce417a387f94b5b6d726a50ec5f6bed", "text": "Ives Fabián Quintana Ives Fabián Quintana ( born December 23 , 1983 in Mendoza , Argentina ) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for ESPOLI in Ecuador .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c5d6d1f180b2962102a2412825f887", "text": "Franklin Corozo Franklin Orlando Corozo Quiñónez ( born February 15 , 1981 ) is an Ecuadorian footballer currently playing for Deportivo Azogues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "928df9a1d3ad6c35d966d3e277418190", "text": "Fabian Busch Fabian Busch ( born 1 October 1975 ) is a German actor . He has appeared in more than sixty films since 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a133f865c2d2489d137928f8d6426a0", "text": "Fabián Bustos Fabián Daniel Bustos ( born March 28 , 1969 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine former footballer and current manager of Ecuadorian club LDU Portoviejo . Bustos played in Bolivia before moving to Ecuador and playing for several clubs across several divisions . He returned to Argentina where he finished his playing career . He returned to Ecuador in 2009 , this time as a manager , where he has been at the helm of several clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5aebed45c30cbc2acde9461618bfe27", "text": "André Felippe Seixas Dias André Felippe Seixas Dias or simply André Dias ( born March 11 , 1981 in Montes Claros ) , is a striker . He currently plays for Santa Cruz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1726e1c89a0b50995dc258f4208672", "text": "Rodrigo Abed Rodrigo Elias Martínez Abed , best known as Rodrigo Abed ( -LSB- roˈðɾiɣo aˈβeð -RSB- ; born September 6 , 1972 in Mexico City , Mexico ) is a telenovela and film actor . He is best known as `` Fabián Sanchez Serrano '' '' in Cuando seas mia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08cd725028542ea0285f35f895e0e524", "text": "Fabiana Bravo Fabiana Bravo ( born in 1969 ) , is an acclaimed Argentine operatic soprano , who has achieved international success both through her interpretation of concert literature and in her powerful portrayals of operatic heroines .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6ee546e6c1a003dd46a03e3c89afc3c7", "text": "Flight of the Conchords Flight of the Conchords is a New Zealand-based comedy duo composed of Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement . The duo 's comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series and then an American television series that aired for two seasons on HBO . They used to refer to themselves as `` New Zealand 's fourth most popular guitar-based digi-bongo acapella-rap-funk-comedy folk duo '' , but now speak of themselves as `` the almost award-winning fourth-most-popular folk duo in New Zealand . '' They were named Best Alternative Comedy Act at the 2005 US Comedy Arts Festival and Best Newcomer at the Melbourne Comedy Festival , and they received a nomination for the Perrier Comedy Award at the 2003 Edinburgh Festival Fringe for their show at Edinburgh venue The Caves . The duo 's live performances have gained them a worldwide cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1ed0724a1c7dcc2440f06ec8d3ee38", "text": "Jemaine Clement Jemaine Clement ( born 10 January 1974 ) is a New Zealand comedian , actor , voice actor , singer , writer , director , and multi-instrumentalist , known as one half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords along with Bret McKenzie .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d21f09249dc8162b22855ae2773d7b17", "text": "The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b60392c21299bf779b2921ec1387221", "text": "My Darling Clementine (band) My Darling Clementine is a British country music duo who set out in 2010 in Birmingham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12fe5e0b6048ca76d2db6f8570f68f4", "text": "New Zealand humour New Zealand humour bears some similarities to the body of humour of many other English-speaking countries . There are , however , several regional differences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "874996477f7f5e17bd46d29e180ca01a", "text": "That Mitchell and Webb Sound That Mitchell and Webb Sound is a comedy sketch show on BBC Radio 4 which started on 28 August 2003 . A second series was broadcast in 2005 with a third starting on 24 May 2007 . The series became adapted for television as That Mitchell and Webb Look in 2006 . The series is seen in some ways a follow-up to The Mitchell and Webb Situation , a sketch show shown on Play UK in 2001 . That Mitchell and Webb Sound returned to BBC Radio 4 for a fourth series in 2009 , the first episode broadcasting on 25 August 2009 . A fifth series was announced in September 2013 , and began transmission on 26 November 2013 . The series stars David Mitchell and Robert Webb who also write a fair amount of the material . Also performing in the show are James Bachman and regular Mitchell and Webb collaborator Olivia Colman . Sarah Hadland joined the cast for the fourth series . Apart from Mitchell and Webb , a fair proportion of the sketches are written by the other cast members and other writers . These include Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain ( the writers of Peep Show , in which Mitchell and Webb star ) , Mark Evans , David Quantick , Jonathan Dryden Taylor , Toby Davies , Simon Kane and John Finnemore . It is produced by Gareth Edwards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "347bdf77b8877faf98aaba7d58c26fbd", "text": "Daphne (comedy) Daphne are a British comedy trio made up of comedians Jason Forbes , Phil Wang and George Fouracres . Together they are the creators , writers and stars of the BBC Radio 4 series Daphne Sounds Expensive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10dcfc5a344968bf0ee77ef052261ff4", "text": "Flight of the Conchords discography The discography of Flight of the Conchords , a New Zealand-based comedy band , consists of two studio albums , one live album , two compilation albums , one extended play ( EP ) and seven singles . Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie formed Flight of the Conchords in Wellington in 1998 . Their first release was the live album Folk the World Tour , which the duo self-released in 2002 . In 2006 , the band signed with American independent label Sub Pop ; they released the EP The Distant Future the following year , which reached number eight in New Zealand . Clement and McKenzie began starring in the Flight of the Conchords TV series on HBO in June 2007 . After the conclusion of the first season of the show , the band 's self-titled debut full-length album was released in April 2008 , which topped the New Zealand Albums Chart and reached number three on the US Billboard 200 . Similarly , following the conclusion of the show 's second season , I Told You I Was Freaky was released in October 2009 , reaching the top ten in New Zealand and the top 20 in the US . The lead single from the album , `` Hurt Feelings '' , became the band 's first to chart when it reached number 36 on the New Zealand Singles Chart . Flight of the Conchords returned in 2012 with the release of `` Feel Inside ( And Stuff Like That ) '' , a charity single recorded to benefit the New Zealand children 's charity Cure Kids . The single topped the New Zealand Singles Chart . The compilation album The Complete Collection , featuring The Distant Future , Flight of the Conchords , I Told You I Was Freaky and `` Pencils in the Wind '' , was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "303020baa083df37b51fe008cc98a55b", "text": "Just for Laughs (UK TV series) Just for Laughs UK is an adaptation of the Canadian Series of the same name , that began in Montreal in late 2000 . hidden camera The comedy show was broadcast on Saturday nights on BBC One . It was produced by Wild Rover Productions with Philip Morrow as producer . It started airing in 2003 and ran for five seasons , going off air in 2007 . During its run , it was the only Saturday night entertainment show currently on BBC One to be produced by an independent television company based outside London . Just for Laughs was filmed primarily in and around Belfast , Northern Ireland , Glasgow , Scotland and Leeds , England . The Belfast Botanic Gardens were a common filming location for doing some pranks . Just for Laughs has a Canadian sister version called Just for Laughs : Gags , and the format of the two is identical . Some clips for Just for Laughs are taken directly from Just for Laughs Gags , and vice versa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7b05f57f75edfe176fe99c54e09a17", "text": "Ernie Wise Ernest Wiseman , OBE ( 27 November 1925 -- 21 March 1999 ) , known by his stage name Ernie Wise , was an English comedian , best known as one half of the comedy duo Morecambe and Wise , who became a national institution on British television , especially for their Christmas specials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79a7d382ce444adf8875018fb89e7a58", "text": "Musikmakers Musikmakers is an amateur musical theatre organisation based in Hamilton , New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c79e0d8a7239280c0275e10682b942d2", "text": "The Front Lawn The Front Lawn was a New Zealand musical/theatrical duo founded by Don McGlashan and Harry Sinclair in 1985 . In 1989 and 1990 , they were joined by actor Jennifer Ward-Lealand . The Front Lawn were known for their live performances , and toured extensively in New Zealand , Australia , Europe and America . They released two albums and made three short films . Don McGlashan went on to form New Zealand band The Mutton Birds , and had a successful solo career . Harry Sinclair has written and directed television and feature films , including Topless Women Talk About Their Lives , The Price of Milk , Toy Love , and the reborn 90210 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aabe5dc5eae87a9de15a876d8d9829bd", "text": "Short Poppies Short Poppies is a New Zealand/United States mockumentary TV series starring , created and written by Rhys Darby and directed by Jemaine Clement and Michelle Walshe . It follows real-life entertainment reporter David Farrier as he talks to `` extraordinary '' New Zealanders who happen to live in the same small fictional town known as `` The Bay '' . At the time of filming , Farrier worked for TVNZ 's competitor , MediaWorks . All eight episodes became available in New Zealand on 1 April 2014 through TVNZ On Demand and became available in the United States on 4 April 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5a555d5a94028d2e98b4683765a630", "text": "Diplomatic Immunity (New Zealand TV series) Diplomatic Immunity is a New Zealand comedy that follows the misadventures at the consulate of The Most Royal Kingdom of Fe'ausi and a fallen New Zealand Foreign Affairs high-flier who has been sent in to straighten out the consulate staff . The show screened in New Zealand on TV1 , every Tuesday night at 10:00 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f46c2e84351c25ac0f5e32fbc501564", "text": "Billy T Award The Billy T Award is a New Zealand comedy award recognizing up-and-coming New Zealand comedians with outstanding potential . It has been presented annually since its inception in 1997 when Cal Wilson and Ewen Gilmour shared the award . The Billy T was shared between two comedians until 2001 when it became a solo award . The awards are an initiative of the New Zealand Comedy Trust to ` foster and encourage outstanding New Zealand talent . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cd5f43ed7c223e7d831d5884088ab1d", "text": "The Mighty Boosh The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy troupe featuring comedians Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding . Developed from three stage shows and a six-episode radio series , it has since spawned a total of 20 television episodes for BBC Three which aired from 2003 to 2007 , and two live tours of the UK , as well as two live shows in the United States . The first television series is set in a zoo operated by Bob Fossil , the second in a flat and the third in a second hand shop in Dalston called Nabootique . Vince and Howard run the shop and Naboo owns it . Various members of The Mighty Boosh have appeared in a number of different comedy series including Nathan Barley , Snuff Box and Noel Fielding 's Luxury Comedy , and regular Boosh collaborators included Richard Ayoade and Matt Berry . The troupe is named after a childhood hairstyle of co-star Michael Fielding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acbc49a904c693129f835d5274ae8e", "text": "Anyone For Tennis? Anyone for Tennis ? was a two-man Australian musical comedy band , writing team and performance duo . The two produced musical comedy , video sketch and stand-up comedy routines until their break-up in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca6e59e15f6bca860db85904515bd0a2", "text": "Madeleine Sami Madeleine Nalini Sami is a New Zealand actress , comedian and musician . Madeleine was raised in the Onehunga suburb of Auckland , New Zealand ; and attended Onehunga High School . She is of Irish and Fiji Indian heritage . Madeleine starred in the long running New Zealand soap Shortland Street from 1998 to 1999 , and more recently in the comedy film Sione 's Wedding . She is an accomplished theatre actress and toured internationally with the shows BARE and No2 for which she won two Chapman Tripp awards and an Edinburgh fringe first award . She has since featured in various New Zealand television shows including Outrageous Fortune , The Jaquie Brown Diaries , 7 Days and the Jane Campion series , Top of the Lake . She has also formed a pop band called The Sami Sisters together with two of her siblings , Anji and Priya Sami and on 1 August 2011 they released their debut album entitled Happy Heartbreak ! which charted at number 9 in the New Zealand album charts . In 2011 Madeleine starred in her own comedy series , Super City , directed by Taika Waititi . She won Best Performance by an Actress at the 2011 AFTA awards for this role . She also won , with co-writer Thomas Sainsbury , Best Comedy Script at the 2011 SWANZ awards for Episode 3 of the series . In January 2015 , Sami married Pip Brown , also known as the singer-songwriter Ladyhawke .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a8963fef89c26554c8fcb6db437c1d3", "text": "The Penny Dreadfuls The Penny Dreadfuls are a British sketch-comedy troupe consisting of comedians Humphrey Ker , David Reed and Thom Tuck . The sketch team perform regularly on the London comedy circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d952384c55c63589e21d6f0d673adee", "text": "Hamish and Andy's Gap Year Hamish & Andy 's Gap Year is a Logie Award winning comedy series following Hamish Blake and Andy Lee , a pair of Australian comedians , on their trips to various international locations . The first season saw the boys visiting America for ten episodes and broadcast their show weekly from New York City . In its second season in 2012 , the show was titled `` Hamish & Andy 's Euro Gap Year '' and seven episodes were broadcast from The Lord Stanley , a disused pub in East London , England . The third season known as `` Hamish and Andy 's Gap Year Asia '' in 2013 was broadcast from a bar in Bangkok , Thailand , called ` The Raintree ' . The concept for the show was created when the Nine Network hired comedians Hamish Blake and Andy Lee for two series in two years . They came across the idea of `` Gap Year '' when they realised they never took a gap year after high school , so they would film their many adventures overseas as it was ` ironic ' that they had just received a contract for TV . The show featured the American band Moon Hooch in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68a6f59dd9b1adc448875c4334a1de46", "text": "Jasper Carrott Jasper Carrott , OBE ( born Robert Norman Davis ; 14 March 1945 ) is an English comedian , actor , singer , television presenter , and personality .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e22896c67513b7f5ff82dd78af9b7ddc", "text": "Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ( -LSB- ˈwɔrhɒl -RSB- born Andrew Warhola ; August 6 , 1928 -- February 22 , 1987 ) was an American artist , director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art . His works explore the relationship between artistic expression , celebrity culture , and advertising that flourished by the 1960s , and span a variety of media , including painting , silkscreening , photography , film , and sculpture . Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell 's Soup Cans ( 1962 ) and Marilyn Diptych ( 1962 ) , the experimental film Chelsea Girls ( 1966 ) , and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable ( 1966 -- 67 ) . Born and raised in Pittsburgh , Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator . After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s , he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist . His New York studio , The Factory , became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals , drag queens , playwrights , Bohemian street people , Hollywood celebrities , and wealthy patrons . He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars , and is credited with coining the widely used expression `` 15 minutes of fame . '' In the late 1960s , he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine . He authored numerous books , including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism : The Warhol Sixties . He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement . After a gallbladder surgery in 1987 , Warhol died in February of that year at the age of 58 . Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions , books , and feature and documentary films . The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh , which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives , is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist . Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable . The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$ 105 million for a 1963 canvas titled `` Silver Car Crash ( Double Disaster ) '' ; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold . A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the `` bellwether of the art market '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3c9e2e67ca3abd23a48011dd2e82ae71", "text": "Leather wallpaper Leather wallpaper is a type of wallpaper used in various styles for wall covering . It is often referred to as wrought leather . It is often gilded , painted and decorated . With the advent of wallpaper use from about 1650-1750 , leather was used to cover and decorate sections of walls in the habitations of wealthy persons . Leather is pliable and could be decorated in various ways . Embossed wall coverings made to imitate antique embossed leather include Tynecastle , or Modeled Canvas . It was developed and patented in 1874 by designer W. Scott Morton ( 1840-1903 ) . It was made by hand pressing canvas into carved wooden molds and dry it . It was colored after it was stuck to the wall . Japanese Leather Paper imitates embossed leather . It is crafted from sheets of handmade paper pressed together . It is then embossed and gilded with the field color stenciled on it . A coat of lacquer was added to protect it and create a sheen . During the colonial period in the United States , embossed leather panels were occasionally used as an accent , as a dado , on a screen , or above a chimney . In the last quarter of the 19th century , leather panels were revived and used in select rooms of mansions such as libraries . Introduced in the 1860s as `` oil leather papers '' , the coverings later became known as `` leather paper '' and were offered in catalogs from Paul Balin in Paris ' Birge in Buffalo , New York ; and Jeffrey & Co. and Woollams & Co. . They included embossing , gild and painted finishes designed to imitate leather wallpaper and were used to line furniture and cabinets . Their use continued in fancy homes of the late 19th and early 20th century decorating Lincrusta and Anaglypta were competing products . Leather papers were often made up of a series of paper laminates which were forced into shape with a mold , while Lincrusta is a patented composite material , and Anaglypta is a simthat were not designed to look like leather wallpaper . Rottman , Strome & Co. became a major producer based in England with manufacturing in Japan . Lutson Goudleder made the imitation leather coverings in southern France and they were also made in Poland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead1259496c39e6c9d3d4ae306bc26fd", "text": "All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them . Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd802bee670794da800307691dc823fb", "text": "Anthony Velonis Anthony Velonis ( 23 October 1911 -- 29 October 1997 ) was an American painter and designer born in New York City who helped introduce the public to silkscreen printing in the early 20th century . He married Elizabeth Amidon , with whom he had four children . While employed under the federal Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression , Velonis brought the use of silkscreen printing as a fine art form , referred to as the `` serigraph , '' into the mainstream . By his own request , he was not publicly credited for coining the term . He experimented and mastered techniques to print on a wide variety of materials , such as glass , plastics , and metal , thereby expanding the field . In the mid to late 20th century , the silkscreen technique became popular among other artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cea555f8a6af1e2077773e6cbf942f4e", "text": "Waldo Díaz-Balart Waldo Díaz-Balart ( born Waldo Díaz-Balart y Gutiérrez on February 10 , 1931 in Banes , Cuba ) is a Cuban painter living in Madrid , Spain . Díaz-Balart studied accounting and political science and economics in Havana before moving to New York to pursue art studies in 1959 . From 1959 to 1962 studied art in the Museum of Modern Art , New York , USA . Professionally , on 1967 he develops as lecturer in many cultural centres and universities of USA , Poland , Spain , Germany and Netherlands . He acted in two movies by Andy Warhol , The Life of Juanita Castro ( 1965 ) and The Loves of Ondine ( 1968 ) . Díaz-Balart lectures frequently and his work -- explorations of color and light in geometric paintings and light sculpture -- has been widely exhibited . On 1966 presents an individual exhibition in the Studio Gallery in Washington , D.C. . In 1967 presented an exhibition in Galerie Iris Clert Paris , France . In 1967 he joined Mass Art Inc. in partnership with Sujan Souri , Dorian Godoy , and Philip Orenstein . The company manufactured the first inflatable chair designed by Philip Orenstein and is now included in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . In 1998 presents `` Waldo Balart . Black Painting '' in Galería Edurne , Madrid , Spain . In 1970 participated in the collective exhibition Salón 70 in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana . In 1964 exhibits in the Pan American Union in Washington , D.C. and on 1968 in the Gallery of Modern Art , New York , USA . On 1970 he participated at the first San Juan 's Bienal del Grabado Latinoamericano ( Biennial of Latin - American Engraving ) at the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña , Puerto Rico and in 1979 in the Third Bienal Internacional del Deporte en las Bellas Artes ( Biennial of Sport in Fine Arts ) in Barcelona , Spain . On 1995 participated in the International Art Fair , Köln , Germany . Most recently , he had one-man shows in the Netherlands , in Spain and in the United States at the Art Gallery of Florida International University . He is the recipient of a Pollock-Krasner Foundation fellowship and his work is in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art in New York , the Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid , the Mondriaanhuis in Amersfoort , The Netherlands , and the Museum of Modern Art in Huenfeld , Germany , among others . In 1992 he published the book Waldo Díaz-Balart , Ensayos de Arte . His sister , Mirta Díaz-Balart , was Fidel Castro 's first wife . His nephew Mario Díaz-Balart is a US congressional representative and another nephew , Lincoln Díaz-Balart , is a former congressman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74670a52f68946e40be69cf739c3c175", "text": "Mexican muralism Mexican muralism was the promotion of mural painting starting in the 1920s , generally with social and political messages as part of efforts to reunify the country under the post Mexican Revolution government . It was headed by `` the big three '' painters , Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros . From the 1920s to about 1970s a large number of murals with nationalistic , social and political messages were created on public buildings , starting a tradition which continues to this day in Mexico and has had impact in other parts of the Americas , including the United States where it served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f255d416c006142890a413ac4d81a63", "text": "Suicide (Purple Jumping Man) Suicide ( Purple Jumping Man ) is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist , Andy Warhol . It is currently in the collection of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7266db9455022da3d12176519a6608d2", "text": "Dušan Zivlak Dušan Zivlak ( Nakovo , 1950 ) is a Serbian painter , born in Nakovo , Serbia , in 1950 . He was educated in Nakovo and Kikinda and graduated from Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Arts in Belgrade . He is a painter and sculptor . He has lived in Paris since 1950 . He has been a member of La Maison des Artistes de Paris since 1983 . His key activities are figurative paining ( acrylic , oil , combined techniques ) and drawing ( graphite pencil , pastels , crayons , combined techniques ) . By making his painting come to life via a spirit of estranged meetings , unconnectable connections and genre sacrilege , Dušan Zivlak has not strived towards a new order , new hierarchy of values and goals that would only put new clothes on old normativism . From one painting to the next , Zivlak surrenders his artistic coordinates , grafting of his figures , items and legends , his `` bricolage '' of scenes , themes , styles and motifs to a spontaneous , almost wild montage of attraction and distraction , addition and bursts , in which the artistic scene in a way incorporates the viewer . In the present artistic moment , in the conditions of developed pluralism , an option that Dušan Zivlak stands for in his art has a full-fledged legitimacy . His paintings are a true conglomerate of contemporary artistic information , and it contains a significant dose of visual artistic energy that affects the perception of a viewer in a suggestive manner . That energy is built out of numerous individual pieces of data in a painting , all combined using a technique of collage , and is built out of impulses of everyday life broken through a prism of the artist , as well as the awareness of the civilization meaning of art and its sense . In 2011 , Dušan Zivlak was invited to be a guest lecturer at Université des Beaux-Arts ( Kede College of Capital Normal University ) in Beijing , China . There , he took part in a conference and display titled The Art of Global Communication , and received an honorary academic title at Université des Beaux-Arts of Kede College of Capital Normal University , Beijing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af0af3f1de5422205602208ab00258cd", "text": "Figure painting A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure , whether clothed or nude . Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work . The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings , and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe2b9fe2bb420a2db234d54100ca8f4", "text": "Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood . Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century . There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera . After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly . In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc51ea52284d599537f17594eae7962f", "text": "Rudolf Baranik Rudolf Baranik ( 1920 -- 1998 ) was an artist , educator and writer . Born in Lithuania , he immigrated to the United States in 1938 . He was well known in the art world for his political advocacy , and was one of the first artists to organize protests against the war in Vietnam . Some of his best known works are the Napalm Elegies , a series of 30 antiwar paintings created between 1967 and 1974 . His art was inspired by his sense of the gross inequities around the world , and he led virtually every progressive political movement within the New York art world from the 1960s to the mid-1990s . Significant exhibitions and awards include :1981 Guggenheim Fellowship in Fine Arts , 1982 `` Art Couples 1 : May Stevens and Rudolf Baranik , '' P.S. 1 , New York , NY , and 1966 Peace Tower . Baranik 's art is included in many collections , including the Museum of Modern Art in New York , the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Hirshhorn Museum . Baranik died in Eldorado , New Mexico in 1998 . The paintings of Rudolf Baranik are increasingly thought to be among the most important works of the New York School painting of the 1960s and 1970s , with the late paintings in particular considered by American art critic , Donald Kuspit , `` the true climax of fifty years of Western abstract painting . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89ca5b6d3fba8243dcfa63c6612715fb", "text": "Alfonso Arana Alfonso Meléndez Arana ( 1927 -- 2005 ) was a Puerto Rican painter . Arana was born in New York City from Mexican father and Puerto Rican mother . When he was young , the family moved to San Sebastián , Puerto Rico , where the young painter spent his youth . At age six , Arana made his first picture and presented it to his mother . His father , a businessman , did not want his son to become an artist . This caused a major rift between father and son . As a young man , Arana studied art in Mexico at the Atelier de Jose Bardasano , at the Manhattan School of Arts in New York , the Académie Julian and L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Paris , and did post graduate work at the American University in Washington , D.C. . As an artist , Arana became known for his style of almond-shaped , hollow yet expressive eyes in a face without a skull and with a slightly oversized body . He is also well known for his use of light , sophisticated and almost transparent colors . Arana himself defines his style as expressionism and mannerism . The artist once explained that his alive and expressive human figures do not have any skulls because `` they are receptacles of the active things in the world as is God , nature , life , whatever we want . '' His works are often unsettling for the degree of expression shown by his silent figures . Most initiates to his style might find his paintings to be disturbing . However , after an initial period , viewers of his paintings often find beauty within the figure 's expressions . Arana has exhibited his work in Tokyo , Paris , New York , Mexico City , Puerto Rico , and Spain . In 1986 , he created the Fundación Francisco Arana , an organization dedicated to foster art in young people . Once a year , the Fundación gives an outstanding art student a scholarship to live and study in Paris . Arana suffered Parkinson 's disease for quite a few years and died of associated complications on November 18 , 2005 in his house in Paris in the company of his wife Simone Christophe , and daughter Rosa Meléndez Ibarra . Of his art , Arana said : My figures have the elements of life and light . That light that invades the body is the spiritual side of these beings and I like painting in that spiritual space . Each figure transcends life beyond real life and I feel the beings come from within me and then I , myself become part of their world . They are real to me , they are my friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d3277a57f90d2155ccb092945359c6", "text": "John McLaughlin (artist) John Dwyer McLaughlin ( May 21 , 1898 -- March 22 , 1976 ) was a highly pivotal and significant American abstract painter . Based primarily in California , he was a pioneer in minimalism and hard-edge painting . Long considered in California as one of the most significant artists of the postwar , McLaughlin painted a focused body of geometric works that are completely devoid of any connection to everyday experience and objects , inspired by the Japanese notion of the void . He aimed to create paintings devoid of any object hood including but not limited to a gestures , representations , figuration , and so on . This led him to the rectangle . Leveraging a technique of layering rectangular bars on adjacent planes , McLaughlin creates works that provoke introspection and , consequently , a greater understanding of one 's relationship to nature . Christopher Knight affirms `` McLaughlin is among the most profound avant-garde painters to work in the United States in the aftermath of the cataclysm that was World War II . He 's also Southern California 's first momentous postwar artist . Born in the closing years of the 19th century , he laid the foundation for the environmentally scaled wonders of 1960s Light and Space art , which ranks as Los Angeles ' most original contribution to high culture at the end of the 20th century ... McLaughlin began to paint just as its gestural extravagances and emotionally fraught chromatics began to coalesce into the New York School . In the wake of the Holocaust and Hiroshima , those artists stared straight into the void ... -LSB- McLaughlin 's -RSB- void is not an abyss of social and spiritual terror in which interior narratives of worldly experience can be told , as it was for Jackson Pollock or Mark Rothko . Instead , his is the negative space that allows consciousness to blossom and manifest itself . Their art is about inviting us into their deep perception , while his is about inviting us into our own . McLaughlin 's void is ma , the poetic space and interval between things that animate Japanese art '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80dff8e14902f93a55d4c23215e4515f", "text": "Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States . More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives ' research centers in Washington , D.C. and New York City . As a research center within the Smithsonian Institution , the Archives houses materials related to a variety of American visual art and artists . All regions of the country and numerous eras and art movements are represented . Among the significant artists represented in its collection are Jackson Pollock , Lee Krasner , Marcel Breuer , Rockwell Kent , John Singer Sargent , Winslow Homer , John Trumbull , and Alexander Calder . In addition to the papers of artists , the Archives collects documentary material from art galleries , art dealers , and art collectors . It also houses a collection of over 2,000 art-related oral history interviews , and publishes a bi-yearly publication , the Archives of American Art Journal , which showcases collections within the Archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2452b48260cb82126dcedfbe0d73c8cb", "text": "Painting (disambiguation) Painting is the art or process of applying paints to a surface such as canvas , to make a picture or other artistic composition . A painting is also the end product a composition or picture made in this way . Painting may also be the occupation of a house painter and decorator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcd56a11971d885966cacd9b24815273", "text": "WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution was an exhibition of international women 's art presented at the Museum of Contemporary Art , Los Angeles from March 4 -- July 16 , 2007 . It later traveled to PS1 Contemporary Art Center , where it was on view February 17 -- May 12 , 2008 . The exhibition featured works from 120 artists and artists ' groups from around the world . The 2007 exhibition catalogue -- also titled WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution -- documents this first major retrospective of art and the feminist revolution . Edited by Cornelia Butler and Lisa Gabrielle Mark , it has essays by Butler , Judith Russi Kirshner , Catherine Lord , Marsha Meskimmon , Richard Meyer , Helen Molesworth , Peggy Phelan , Nelly Richard , Valerie Smith , Abigail Solomon-Godeau , and Jenni Sorkin . WACK ! surveyed work by more than 120 artists in a wide variety of media , arranged by themes including Abstraction , `` Autophotography , '' Body as Medium , Family Stories , Gender Performance , Knowledge as Power , Making Art History , and others . The following is a complete list of artists featured in the exhibition and catalogue : Magdalena Abakanowicz ( b. 1930 ) , Polish sculptor and fiber artist Marina Abramović ( b. 1946 ) , Serbian and former Yugoslavian performance artist Carla Accardi ( 1924 -- 2014 ) , Italian painter Chantal Akerman ( b. 1950 ) , Belgian film director and artist Helena Almeida ( b. 1934 ) , Portuguese artist Sonia Andrade ( b. 1935 ) , Brazilian artist Eleanor Antin ( b. 1935 ) , American artist Judith F. Baca ( b. 1946 ) , American Chicana artist Mary Bauermeister ( b. 1934 ) , German artist Lynda Benglis ( b. 1941 ) , American artist Berwick Street Film Collective Camille Billops ( b. 1933 ) , African-American artist Dara Birnbaum ( b. 1946 ) , American video and installation artist Louise Bourgeois ( 1911 -- 2010 ) , French-American artist and sculptor Sheila Levrant de Bretteville ( b. 1940 ) , American graphic designer and artist Theresa Hak Kyung Cha ( 1951 -- 1982 ) , South Korean-born American novelist and artist Judy Chicago ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Lygia Clark ( b. 1920 , d. 1988 ) , Brazilian artist Tee Corinne ( b. 1943 , d. 2006 ) , American artist Niki de Saint Phalle , Jean Tinguely , and Per Olof Ultvedt Jay DeFeo ( 1929 -- 1989 ) , American artist Disband Assia Djebar ( 1936 -- 2015 ) , Algerian filmmaker Rita Donagh ( b. 1939 ) , British artist Kirsten Dufour ( b. 1941 ) , Danish artist Lili Dujourie ( b. 1941 ) , Belgian video artist Mary Beth Edelson ( b. 1933 ) , American artist Rose English British performance artist VALIE EXPORT ( b. 1940 ) , Austrian artist Jacqueline Fahey ( b. 1929 ) , New Zealand painter Louise Fishman ( b. 1939 ) , American painter Audrey Flack ( b. 1931 ) , American artist Iole de Freitas ( b. 1945 ) , Brazilian photographer and filmmaker Isa Genzken ( b. 1948 ) , German artist Nancy Grossman ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Barbara Hammer ( b. 1939 ) , American filmmaker Harmony Hammond ( b. 1944 ) , American artist and writer Margaret Harrison ( b. 1940 ) , English artist Mary Heilmann ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Lynn Hershman ( b. 1941 ) , American artist and filmmaker Eva Hesse ( 1936 -- 1970 ) , Jewish German-born American sculptor Susan Hiller ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Rebecca Horn ( b. 1944 ) , German visual artist Alexis Hunter ( b. 1948 , d. 2014 ) , New Zealand painter and photographer Mako Idemitsu ( b. 1940 ) , Japanese filmmaker Sanja Iveković ( b. 1949 ) , Croatian photographer , sculptor and installation artist Joan Jonas ( b. 1936 ) , American video and performance artist Kirsten Justesen ( b. 1943 ) , Danish artist Mary Kelly ( b. 1941 ) , American conceptual artist Joyce Kozloff ( b. 1942 ) , American artist Friedl Kubelka ( b. 1946 ) , Austrian photographer Shigeko Kubota ( b. 1937 ) , Japanese-born video artist , sculptor and performance artist Yayoi Kusama ( b. 1929 ) , Japanese artist and writer Ketty La Rocca ( b. 1938 , d. 1976 ) , Italian artist Suzanne Lacy ( b. 1945 ) , American artist Suzy Lake ( b. 1947 ) , American-Canadian artist Maria Lassnig ( 1919 -- 2014 ) , Austrian artist Lesbian Art Project ( 1977 -- 1979 ) , participatory art movement in Los Angeles Lee Lozano ( 1930 -- 1999 ) , American artist Léa Lublin ( b. 1929 ) , Polish-French performance artist Anna Maria Maiolino ( b. 1942 ) , Italian-Brazilian artist Mónica Mayer ( b. 1954 ) , Mexican artist Ana Mendieta ( 1948 -- 1985 ) , Cuban American performance artist , sculptor , painter and video artist Annette Messager ( b. 1943 ) , French visual artist Marta Minujín and Richard Squires Nasreen Mohamedi ( 1937 -- 1990 ) , Indian artist Linda M. Montano ( b. 1942 ) , American performance artist Ree Morton ( 1936 -- 1977 ) , American artist Laura Mulvey and Peter Wollen Alice Neel ( 1900 -- 1984 ) , American artist Senga Nengudi ( b. 1943 ) , African-American artist Ann Newmarch ( b. 1945 ) , Australian artist Lorraine O'Grady ( b. 1934 ) , American conceptual artist Pauline Oliveros ( b. 1932 ) , American composer Yoko Ono ( b. 1933 ) , Japanese multimedia artist ORLAN ( b. 1947 ) , French artist Ulrike Ottinger ( b. 1942 ) , German filmmaker Gina Pane ( 1939 -- 1990 ) , French artist Catalina Parra ( b. 1940 ) , Chilean artist Ewa Partum ( b. 1945 ) , Polish-German artist Howardena Pindell ( b. 1943 ) , American abstract artist Adrian Piper ( b. 1948 ) , American conceptual artist Sylvia Plimack Mangold ( b. 1938 ) , American artist , painter , printmaker , and pastelist Sally Potter ( b. 1949 ) , English filmmaker and performance artist Yvonne Rainer ( b. 1934 ) , American dancer , choreographer , and filmmaker Ursula Reuter Christiansen ( b. 1943 ) , German-Danish filmmaker and painter Lis Rhodes ( b. 1942 ) , British artist Faith Ringgold ( b. 1930 ) African-American artist Ulrike Rosenbach ( b. 1943 ) , German video and performance artist Martha Rosler ( b. 1943 ) , American artist Betye Saar ( b. 1926 ) , American artist Miriam Schapiro ( b. 1923 ) , Canadian artist Mira Schendel ( 1919 -- 1988 ) , Brazilian artist Carolee Schneemann ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Joan Semmel ( b. 1932 ) , American feminist painter Bonnie Sherk ( b. 1945 ) , American landscape architect and performance artist Cindy Sherman ( b. 1954 ) , American photographer Katharina Sieverding ( b. 1944 ) , Czech photographer Sylvia Sleigh ( 1916 -- 2010 ) , Welsh-born realist painter Alexis Smith ( b. 1949 ) , American artist Barbara T. Smith ( b. 1931 ) , American performance artist Mimi Smith ( b. 1942 ) , American artist Joan Snyder ( b. 1940 ) , American painter Valerie Solanas ( 1936 -- 1988 ) , American writer Annegret Soltau ( b. 1946 ) , German artist Nancy Spero ( 1926 -- 2009 ) , American artist Spiderwoman Theater Lisa Steele ( b. 1947 ) , Canadian video artist Sturtevant Cosey Fanni Tutti ( b. 1951 ) , English performance artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Cecilia Vicuña ( b. 1947 ) , Chilean poet , artist and filmmaker June Wayne ( 1918 -- 2011 ) , American printmaker , tapestry designer and painter `` Where We At '' Black Women Artists Colette Whiten ( b. 1945 ) , sculpture , installation and performance artist Faith Wilding ( b. 1943 ) , Paraguayan American multidisciplinary artist Hannah Wilke ( b. 1940 , d. 1993 ) , American artist Francesca Woodman ( 1958 -- 1981 ) , American photographer Nil Yalter , Judy Blum , and Nicole Croiset Nil Yalter ( b. 1938 ) , Egyptian-French artist , co-founder of Groupe de Cinq Zarina ( b. 1937 ) , Indian artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a6d0ac408a02c13b6c3e790e44c2462", "text": "Paint (disambiguation) Paint is a pigmented liquid or paste used to apply color to a surface , often by artists . Paint may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ccb39b1d795c2ac8c797ac5300bf4f", "text": "Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven . Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami . It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style . Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions . Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University . The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b932a1d6960c6ddd9ea18ffdc2b936d1", "text": "Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print : Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects . Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2f10dfbc79ba914b2458099d0c6e4d34", "text": "Gianluigi Buffon Gianluigi `` Gigi '' Buffon ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːdʒi bufˈfɔn -RSB- , Ufficiale OMRI ; born 28 January 1978 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper . He captains both Serie A club Juventus and the Italy national team . He is widely regarded by players , pundits and managers to be one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time , and , by some , to be the greatest ever . Buffon is one of only eighteen players to have made at least 1,000 professional career appearances ; with 168 international caps , Buffon is also the most capped player in the history of the Italian national team , the joint fifth-most capped male international footballer of all time , alongside Iván Hurtado , and the most capped European international player ever . Buffon is known for his `` outstanding shot-stopping '' and for being `` a vocal organizer of the defence and a key dressing room personality '' . He is currently the most expensive goalkeeper in history , following his $ 53 million transfer from Parma to Juventus in 2001 . Buffon holds the record for the most clean sheets in Serie A , and with the Italy national team ; he also holds the record for the longest streak without conceding a goal in Serie A history : over 12 league matches , he went unbeaten for 974 consecutive minutes during the 2015 -- 16 season , as well as having achieved the most consecutive clean sheets ( 10 ) in Serie A in that same season . At club level , Buffon 's professional career began with Parma in 1995 , where he made his Serie A debut , and was soon promoted to the role of starting goalkeeper , earning a reputation as one of the most promising young goalkeepers in Italy ; during his time with the club , he won the Coppa Italia , the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana , all in 1999 . After joining Juventus in 2001 , Buffon immediately won Serie A titles in both of his first two seasons at the club , and established himself as one of the best players in the world in his position . After winning two more consecutive league titles in 2005 and 2006 , the club were later stripped of these titles and relegated due to their involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal . Despite rumours of his departure , Buffon remained with Juventus , contributing to the club 's Serie B title and promotion back to Serie A in 2007 . Following several trophyless seasons , Buffon later played a key role in Juventus ' resurgence , which saw the club win an Italian record of six consecutive league titles between 2011 and 2017 ; he also inherited the captain 's armband following the departure of Alessandro Del Piero in 2012 . In total , he has won eight Serie A titles , three Coppa Italia titles , and five Supercoppa Italiana titles with Juventus . With the Italy national team , Buffon has been called up for an international record of five FIFA World Cup tournaments ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 ) since making his debut in 1997 , featuring in four of them as Italy 's starting goalkeeper ( he was an unused substitute in 1998 ) . He was the starting goalkeeper of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , which saw him keep a record five clean sheets , and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play . He has also represented Italy at four European Championships , at the 1996 Olympics , and at two FIFA Confederations Cups , winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament . Buffon has also won numerous , prestigious individual and team awards . He was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players in 2004 . He has been named the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year a record eleven times . Buffon was the winner of the 2006 Yashin Award following Italy 's World Cup victory , in which he was also elected to be part of the Team of the Tournament ; an honour which he also received after reaching the quarter-finals of the 2008 European Championships , and the final of the 2012 European Championships . Buffon is the only goalkeeper to have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year Award , which he won in 2003 after reaching the Champions League final ; he also won the award for best Goalkeeper that year , and was voted into the UEFA Team of the Year in 2003 , 2004 , 2006 and 2016 . In 2006 , Buffon was runner-up for the Ballon d'Or and was elected to be part of the FIFPro World XI , an honour which he also achieved in 2007 . After reaching the 2015 Champions League final , he was named to the 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season , and placed fourth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award . He has been named the IFFHS World 's Best Goalkeeper four times ( second only to Iker Casillas , with five awards ) and was also named the best goalkeeper of the 21st century , of the past 25 years , and of the decade , by the same organisation . In 2016 , he became the first goalkeeper ever to win the Golden Foot Award , which pertains to both personality and playing ability .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8e7e8764e83a5810b71d1287dc24580c", "text": "List of Atalanta B.C. seasons Atalanta B.C. is an Italian professional football club based in Bergamo , Lombardy , who play their matches in Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia . The club was formed in 1907 , and joined the Italian league in 1929 . The club has won the Prima Divisione ( predecessor of Serie A ) once and the Coppa Italia once . They won the Serie B 6 times and the Serie C 1 time . This list details the club 's achievements in major competitions , and the top scorers for each season . Top scorers in bold were also the top scorers in the Italian league that season . Records of local or regional competitions are not included due to them being considered of less importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec279811d630f32dab56562617bdb9f", "text": "Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia . A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 . Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability . At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbcb73517d2bb60de01a2909aa9a7ff", "text": "Simone Perrotta Simone Perrotta , Ufficiale OMRI ( born 17 September 1977 in Ashton-under-Lyne , England ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a midfielder . Throughout his career he stood out for his work-rate , energy , and box-to-box play as a ball-winner in midfield . After initially playing for Italian sides Reggina , Juventus , Bari , and Chievo , he went on to spend most of his career with Serie A club Roma , from 2004 , until his retirement on 29 June 2013 ; he won consecutive Coppa Italia titles with the club in 2007 and 2008 , as well as the 2007 Supercoppa Italiana . Born in England , at international level , he represented the Italian national football team on 48 occasions between 2002 and 2009 , scoring 2 goals . He was a member of the team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and also represented Italy in two UEFA European Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "891573ebfc5ebe05423161a7c64ff7a5", "text": "2001 Coppa Italia Final The 2001 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 2000 -- 01 Coppa Italia , the 53rd season of the top cup competition in Italian football . The match was played over two legs on 24 May and 13 June 2001 between Parma and Fiorentina . The final was won by Fiorentina , who claimed their sixth Coppa Italia title with a 2 -- 1 aggregate victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f4a6a73ef4ab3dea75b804d5e520bfc", "text": "Italy national under-21 football team The Italy national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation . The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship , held every two years . Italy is the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with five Championships won ( 1992 , 1994 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 ) . Italy has also been twice runner-up of the competition , in 1986 and 2013 . From 1990 to 2004 the team established near-total dominance of European Under-21 football , winning five of the seven tournaments . Italy 's Under-21s played the first match at the new Wembley Stadium , on 24 March 2007 , against England Under-21s . The game resulted in a 3-3 draw , with Giampaolo Pazzini scoring all 3 goals for the Azzurrini . Prior to the 2008 Olympic games , Italy U-21s went on to win the 2008 Toulon Tournament by beating Chile ( 1-0 ) in the final . It was the first time they had won this tournament , previously their best had been runner-up on two occasions . In the 2015 U-21 Championship Italy was eliminated in the group stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "726a408a4234c0784c95d34e66e5b559", "text": "2014–15 Udinese Calcio season The 2014 -- 15 season was Udinese Calcio 's 35th in Serie A , and their 20th consecutive season in the top-flight . Having missed out on European football for the first time since the 2010 -- 11 season , the club competed domestically in Serie A and in the Coppa Italia , finishing 16th and being eliminated in the round of 16 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb6a0fd2b99955ecc487feb768e241fd", "text": "2010–11 Inter Milan season Football Club Internazionale Milano will take part in the 2010 -- 11 season in the Italian Serie A . They also will take part in the UEFA Champions League and the Coppa Italia , as titles holders of all these competitions . Internazionale won the Supercoppa Italiana against Roma , and Club World Cup against TP Mazembe , but lost the UEFA Super Cup against Atlético Madrid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8573d7d39d190c55c7b78bea9360b5", "text": "1999–2000 UEFA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup competition . The final took place at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen and was won by Galatasaray , who defeated Arsenal in the final . The game was scoreless through the first ninety minutes and stayed that way through thirty minutes of extra time . The match went on to penalty kicks in which Gheorghe Popescu scored the winning goal to win the cup . Galatasaray won the cup without losing a single game . The competition was marred by violence involving English and Turkish hooligans in the semi-finals and the final , in particular the fatal stabbings of Leeds United fans Kevin Speight and Christopher Loftus by Galatasaray fans in Istanbul . Parma were the defending champions , but were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round . It was the first season of the new format UEFA Cup ; it had absorbed the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup to include domestic cup winners , and now featured an additional knockout round . This season 's champions qualified for the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship , which was never disputed . So far , Galatasaray are the only UEFA Cup champions to qualify for a Club World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d348452f318583d535d5d6ace30bda", "text": "2008–09 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2008 -- 09 UEFA Champions League began on 24 February 2009 and concluded with the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . The knockout phase involves the 16 teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage . Each tie in the knockout phase , apart from the final , will be played over two legs , with each team playing one leg at home . The team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs will progress to the next round . In the event that aggregate scores finish level , the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs will progress . If away goals are also equal , 30 minutes of extra time are played . If there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level , the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored . If no goals are scored during extra time , there will be a penalty shootout after extra time . In the draw for the first knockout round , matches are played between the winner of one group and the runner-up of a different group . The only restriction on the drawing of teams in the first knockout round is that the teams must not be from the same national association or have played in the same group in the group stages . From the quarter-finals onwards , these restrictions do not apply . In the final , the tie is played over just one leg at a neutral venue . If scores are level at the end of normal time in the final , extra time is played , followed by penalties if scores remain tied .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feba6a79ff0458e57a0a087bccdc08eb", "text": "Italian Football Federation The Italian Football Federation ( Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio FIGC ) , also known as Federcalcio , is the governing body of football in Italy and is a founding member of UEFA and a member of FIFA . It organises the Italian football league , Coppa Italia , Italian national football team , and the Italian women 's national football team . The headquarters is in Rome and technical department in Coverciano , Florence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9ed1b0a0218a1154d4bc4c8d239943", "text": "2014–15 Coppa Italia The 2014 -- 15 Coppa Italia , also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons , was the 67th edition of the national cup in Italian football . Napoli were the defending champions , having won the previous year 's final , but were eliminated in the semi-finals by Lazio . Juventus emerged victorious with a 2 -- 1 win in extra time , achieving a record tenth title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dd16de824153610964a833bfe50b847", "text": "Angelo Alessio Angelo Alessio ( born 29 April 1965 in Capaccio ) is as Italian coach and a former player , who played as a midfielder . Alessio made small stints at Serie B and Lega Pro teams during the early years of his managerial career , however it was not until his combination with Antonio Conte at Siena , where his talents were truly noticed . After achieving promotion out of the Serie B under Conte with Siena the pair accepted the job at Juventus . At Juventus , Alessio enjoyed three consecutive years of Serie A domination , with Three league titles and two Coppa Italias . After three years at Juventus , in which he once managed as caretaker from October 2012 to December 2012 , again joined Conte at the Italy national football team . After a somewhat successful term and Italy 's exit out of the Euros , Alessio parted with Italy and again to followed Conte to Chelsea , where he currently resides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c40b06cd0506e4e8c1ebe5781661f87", "text": "1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final The 1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was an association football match played over two legs between Roma of Italy and Birmingham City of England . The first leg was played in Birmingham on 27 September 1961 , and the second leg was played on 11 October in Rome . It was the final of the third edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , an invitational competition open to teams representing host cities of industrial trade fairs . Birmingham had lost to Barcelona in the previous final ; Roma were appearing for the first time . Each club needed to progress through three rounds to reach the final . Matches were contested over two legs , with one leg at each team 's home ground . Birmingham won all but one of their six legs , and beat Internazionale home and away : no other English team was to defeat Inter in the San Siro stadium for another 40 years . Roma took a lengthier route to the final : they required a replay in both quarter-final and semi-final , although won each replay by a comfortable margin . In the first leg of the final , played in front of a crowd of only 21,000 at St Andrew 's , Pedro Waldemar Manfredini scored twice for Roma , and goalkeeper Fabio Cudicini made several high-class saves , before Mike Hellawell and Bryan Orritt scored late in the game to equalise the scores . In the second leg , watched by 60,000 spectators , Roma won by two goals to nil -- an own goal when an attempted clearance rebounded off Brian Farmer 's shin , and a shot from distance by Paolo Pestrin very late in the game while Birmingham 's players were all upfield attacking -- in the Stadio Olimpico to win their first and , , only trophy in European competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138957308352c741ba74b3105666eeac", "text": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 . Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f83bdd20eef320b7cc2e778db2c163", "text": "UEFA European Under-21 Championship The UEFA European Under-21 Championship ( also known as the UEFA Euro U-21s ) is a football competition organised by the sport 's European governing body , UEFA . It is held every two years . The competition has existed in its current form since 1978 . It was preceded by the Under 23 Challenge Cup which ran from 1967 to 1970 . A true Under 23 championship was then formed , starting in 1972 . The age limit was reduced to 21 for the 1978 championship and it has remained so since . To be eligible for the campaign ending in 2017 , players need to be born in or after 1994 . Many can be actually 23 years old by the time the finals tournament takes place ; however , when the qualification process began ( 2015 ) all players would have been 21 or under . Under-21 matches are typically played on the day before senior internationals and where possible , the same qualifying groups and fixtures were played out . This was not true for the shortened 2006-2007 Championship . This tournament serves as qualifier for the Summer Olympics . It has been considered a stepping stone toward the senior team . Players such as 2014 World Cup winner Mesut Özil , Klaas-Jan Huntelaar , Luís Figo , Petr Čech , 2010 World Cup winner Iker Casillas , 2006 World Cup winners Francesco Totti , Fabio Cannavaro , Gianluigi Buffon , Alberto Gilardino and Andrea Pirlo , and Euro 2004 winner Georgios Karagounis began their international careers in the youth teams . Sweden are the reigning champions , defeating Portugal in the 2015 final , on penalties . The finals of the 2015 competition were hosted by Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb94a700b7ce6ae82b3a858215abc8f", "text": "1994–95 Serie A The 1994 -- 95 Serie A was won by Juventus F.C. , who finished 10 points ahead of their nearest rivals Lazio and Parma . Two pieces of silverware were seized by Juventus , who won the Coppa Italia but were beaten in the final of the UEFA Cup by Parma . Milan 's fourth-place finish after three successive Serie A titles was joined with further disappointment in the UEFA Champions League , as they lost the final to Dutch champions Ajax . The relegated Serie A sides this season were Genoa , Foggia , Reggiana and Brescia . This was the first Serie A season to award three points for a win in the league table .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76782c3f3c06aca283bb6da71ee0dfc", "text": "UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine . Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists . Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) . Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ec9f3914f1a4dc8c67ff173712c540", "text": "2014–15 ACF Fiorentina season The 2014 -- 15 season was the 88th season in ACF Fiorentina 's history and their 77th season in Serie A . The club competed in Serie A , finishing fourth , the Coppa Italia , and in the UEFA Europa League .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "41defba777bcc5ce507123db0bbe4569", "text": "Daz Dillinger Delmar Drew Arnaud ( born May 25 , 1973 ) , better known by his stage name Daz Dillinger ( formerly Dat Nigga Daz ) , is an American rapper and record producer from Long Beach , California . Dillinger is best known for his membership in the duo Tha Dogg Pound , alongside Kurupt , as well as his work with Death Row Records .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e243e93ffe3bb232ef6ebc11601e8dec", "text": "Melvin Bliss Melvin McClelland ( June 1 , 1945-July 26 , 2010 ) was a rhythm and blues singer known for his 1973 song `` Reward/Synthetic Substitution '' , the B-Side of which was heavily sampled in at least 94 hip hop songs such as `` Real Niggaz Do n't Die '' and Alwayz into Somethin' by N.W.A , O.G. Original Gangster by Ice-T , O.P.P. by Naughty by Nature and more recently `` My Life '' by 50 Cent , Eminem and Adam Levine . Born in 1945 in Chicago as Melvin McClelland , his career did n't begin with music ; rather , in the Armed Forces . After spending a few years singing in Naval bands , he departed the Navy in the mid-1950s . From there , he went from stage to stage until the early 1970s , when in an attempt to boost his career prospects he visited a Queensbridge concert hall intending to use it for self-promotion . Whilst awaiting a meeting with the hall 's owner , he encountered the mother of Herb Rooney and it emerged that he wanted a singer to record one of his compositions . After an informal discussion with Rooney himself , Bliss hit the studio to record it ; the result was Reward . That song 's B-Side , `` Synthetic Substitution '' , became one of the most sampled songs of all time . Unfortunately , Bliss ' label , Sunburst Records , was a sister company of Opal Productions , and in 1974 it went bankrupt , taking Sunburst Records with it ; in doing so rendering Bliss a one-hit wonder . In 2011 , a documentary about him , Synthetic Substitution : The Life Story of Melvin Bliss , was released by Peripheral Enterprises . It was produced by Earl Holder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f361152898ccf475a3e02085782fce", "text": "Organized crime in Minneapolis Organized crime in Minneapolis first attracted national attention in 1903 , when thug and mayor Doc Ames ( 1842-1911 ) was exposed by Lincoln Steffens in the book The Shame of the Cities . Steffens 's account and subsequent trials revealed a police department recruited from felons shaking down the Minneapolis underworld on the mayor 's behalf . Ames later fled the state , spending a short period as a fugitive before being arrested and extradited to Minnesota . He was convicted of receiving a bribe and sentenced to six years in prison . His sentence was later appealed and overturned . In 1919 , the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution transformed American crime , shaping small-time hoodlums into major organized crime figures . In Minneapolis , the underworld was dominated by local gangs of the Irish mob , flanked by Jewish gangsters and by corrupt cops and politicians from the Republican , Democratic and Farmer-Labor Parties . Romanian-Jewish immigrant Isadore Blumenfeld , alias Kid Cann ( 1900-1981 ) , was changed overnight from a nickel-and-dime pimp and bookmaker from Northside , Minneapolis , into a respected godfather with close ties to both the Chicago Outfit and the Genovese crime family . Assisted by his brothers Jacob and Harry , Kid Cann 's `` Minneapolis Combination '' dealt in bootleg booze , trucking distribution routes , illegal gambling and real estate deals throughout the American Sun Belt . He was the most notorious gangster in the city 's history . Rival crime families were run by David Berman , Thomas W. Banks and `` Big Ed '' Morgan . These gangsters tended to cooperate on business and avoid turf wars by appealing to the mediation of the National Mafia Commission . In the process , Minneapolis became a major center of bootlegged booze , gambling , brothels and unbridled corruption . Deuce Casper ( 1936-2003 ) was a Baldy Street Gang founder and boss . During Casper 's time in Minneapolis , more than 1,000 thugs roamed the streets from 1955 to 1975 , creating mayhem and fear among the citizens . Casper robbed banks , jewelry stores and armored cars , while his associates robbed commercial businesses and ran large drug-dealing operations . The most notable Baldy was Perry `` The Scholar '' Millik ( 1944 -- 2003 ) , who ran commercial burglary rings and drug-manufacturing houses . He was involved in widespread real estate frauds and was the front man for real estate purchases for the infamous Alexander Brothers ( porn and prostitution kings ) . Currently , the Capra/Patterson syndicate controls all nationally sanctioned crime activities in the Twin Cities . Gambling is their primary source of income , and they are working under the auspices of the Genoveses ( 2011 ) . On the corner of 26th Street and 26th Avenue in South Minneapolis exists a historical location , called Hub of Hell , and was home to numerous saloons , bars , nightclubs , and a bowling alley that drew rowdy crowds of steel-workers , factory workers from the old Minneapolis Moline factory , thugs , gangsters , and brawling drunks . These establishments included the stand-up drinking establishment of Pearsons , The Hexagon , Nibs , Duffy 's and the Stardust Bowling Alley . Here , corrupt cops mingled with their presumed rivals ( like Duffy 's bouncer , `` Mush '' ) . The neighborhood was infamous for its bloody brawls fought by colorful characters like Deuce Casper , Tommy `` The Bomber '' Ogdahl , and Perry `` The Scholar '' Millik , often for the entertainment of spectators to enjoy and keep the old General Hospital busy on weekends . Prior to 1900 another location known as Hell 's Half Acre was located between 2nd and 3rd Avenues South and 8th and 9th Streets South and had the same rowdy reputation . In the 1890 History of the Fire and Police Departments of Minneapolis , it was described as a `` place of utter darkness , wailing and woe . Bloody frays were of nightly occurrence and not infrequently such weapons as hatchets , knives and even revolvers entered into the conflict . The alleys were literally strewn with empty beer kegs and whisky bottles and the latter were often used as missiles of warfare . As a usual thing Sundays were given up entirely to drinking and fighting , and family feuds were as numerous and bitter as those of Kentucky , though not as murderous . '' ( Pg . 280 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc3f4cfb64f5627a1d102932577c67ba", "text": "Chris Barz Chris Barz ( stylized as `` x | | z '' , pronounced X Z ) is an American musician . Chris began his love for music on a piano at the age of 3 . At the age of 11 he developed a passion for rapping , and freestyle cyphers which created a love for bars , rhyming and clever wordplay . Chris started recording songs on a boombox tape recorder . At the age of 12 he was introduced to an MPC2000 XL and started producing beats and writing songs in middle school . Chris played in many popular young go-go bands growing up in Prince George 's County , Maryland and the District of Columbia , including his own Go-Go band called `` Total Assault '' . One day , while headed to shoot a video , Chris was riding passenger of a vehicle that was struck by a truck and totaled . Surviving with minor injuries , only to be involved in a similar accident with a truck totaling the vehicle while riding to band practice in Washington D.C. a second time . Feeling like he had a third shot at life , Chris began to live a life dedicated to leaving a legacy through music . His first hip-hop/rap mixtape landed him as Complex magazine 's 10 New DMV Rappers to Watch Out For , XXL Magazine 's 15 DMV Artists You Need To Know , and The Washington Post . . His love for piano and composition has led him to score songs for movies and stage plays . The stage play `` 7 Layers Captive '' by Stacy Jewell Lewis won Best Play & Performance in Professional Theater and premiered at the John F Kennedy Center for Performing Arts . On Friday , November 27 , his collaboration with Chris Brown , the airy and sensual `` Just So You Know '' was released which was produced and written by the young virtuoso . Chris is planning to release his self-produced debut project `` Angels & Jets '' in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee2c3a17bdb878bd014805e1a47fe266", "text": "Azad (rapper) Azad Azadpour ( born November 24 , 1973 in Sanandaj ( Kurdistan Province of Iran ) is a German rapper of Kurdish descent based in Frankfurt am Main .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c74cc571fbbf84204229a85bb0c70e4", "text": "Assata Shakur Assata Olugbala Shakur ( born JoAnne Deborah Byron ; July 16 , 1947 ) , whose married name was Chesimard , is an African-American activist , member of the former Black Panther Party ( BPP ) and Black Liberation Army ( BLA ) , who was convicted of murder in 1977 . She escaped from prison in 1979 and fled to Cuba in 1984 , gaining political asylum . Between 1971 and 1973 , Shakur was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt . In May 1973 , Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike , in which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster was killed and Trooper James Harper was grievously assaulted ; she was charged in these attacks . BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur was also killed in the incident , and Shakur was wounded . Between 1973 and 1977 , Shakur was indicted in relation to six other incidents -- charged with murder , attempted murder , armed robbery , bank robbery , and kidnapping . She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed . In 1977 , she was convicted of the first-degree murder of Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the shootout . Shakur was incarcerated in several prisons in the 1970s . She escaped from prison in 1979 and , after living as a fugitive for several years , fled to Cuba in 1984 , where she received political asylum . She has been living in Cuba ever since . Since May 2 , 2005 , the FBI has classified her as a domestic terrorist and offered a $ 1 million reward for assistance in her capture . On May 2 , 2013 , the FBI added her to the Most Wanted Terrorist List ; the first woman to be listed . On the same day , the New Jersey Attorney General offered to match the FBI reward , increasing the total reward for her capture to $ 2 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130a1e6be44815051daa5b5793d19c83", "text": "25th Directors Guild of America Awards 25th Directors Guild of America Awards March 3 , 1973 Best Director - Motion Picture : The Godfather The 25th DGA Awards , given on 3 March 1973 , honored the best film and television directors of 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa9a87a89d985b577770bb777ac02fb5", "text": "Charles B. Winstead Charles Winstead ( 1891 -- 1973 ) was an FBI agent in the 1930s -- 40s , famous for being one of the agents ( along with Clarence Hurt and Herman `` Ed '' Hollis ) who shot and killed John Dillinger on July 22 , 1934 in Chicago , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf0efc250126c4bb86edc6b915c630b", "text": "Kenneth McGriff Kenneth `` Supreme '' McGriff ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a convicted American drug trafficker and organized crime figure . McGriff came to prominence in the early 1980s when he formed his own crack distributing organization which he called the Supreme Team based in the South Jamaica section of Queens , New York . Under McGriff 's leadership , the gang 's numbers swelled to the hundreds and came to control the crack cocaine trade in the Baisley Park Houses , the neighborhood where McGriff was raised . In 1987 , McGriff was arrested following a joint state and federal investigation and in 1989 pleaded guilty to engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise . He was sentenced to 12 years incarceration . McGriff was released from prison on parole in early 1994 after serving approximately seven years of his sentence . He was sent back to prison on parole violations by year 's end , and served another 2 1/2 years ' incarceration before being released in 1997 . McGriff is alleged to have had a hand in the 2002 murder of Run D.M.C. member Jam Master Jay , and was convicted of ordering the 2001 killing of Mobb Deep affiliate E-Moneybags ( real name Eric Smith ) . Federal authorities also accused him in connection with the attempted murder of 50 Cent . Persistent rumors suggest that McGriff felt 50 Cent had exposed too much of the drug kingpin in Jamaica , Queens and others involved in the drug trade through the lyrics of his song `` Ghetto Qu ` ran '' released in 2000 . On February 1 , 2007 McGriff was convicted of murder-for-hire at a Federal court in the Eastern District of New York on charges that he paid $ 50,000 to have two rivals ( Eric Smith and `` Big Nose '' Troy Singleton ) gunned down in 2001 . The jury deliberated for five days before finding McGriff guilty of murder conspiracy and drug trafficking . On February 9 , 2007 , the same jury sentenced McGriff to life in prison . Throughout this case he was defended by a court-appointed attorney because nearly all of his assets had been seized . McGriff began serving his life sentence at ADX Florence , the federal supermax prison in Colorado , but in 2011 was transferred to the United States Penitentiary , Lee , a high-security federal prison in Pennington Gap , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a0f306f9bed0ac64532dbf32cf6a1b6", "text": "Christopher Chubasco Wilkins Christopher Chubasco Wilkins ( September 29 , 1968 January 11 , 2017 ) was a Texas inmate sentenced to death and executed for a 2005 double murder . On October 27 , 2005 , Wilkins shot and killed Willie Freeman and Mike Silva . Freeman had allegedly cheated Wilkins in a drug deal ; Silva was with Freeman at the time and thus witnessed the killing . The numbers `` 666 '' and a pentagram matching one of Wilkins ' numerous tattoos were found carved into Silva 's car at the scene of the murders . Wilkins ' fingerprints were also found . The previous day , Wilkins also allegedly killed Gilbert Vallejo outside a bar in south Fort Worth after a dispute over a payphone . On October 28 , Wilkins was arrested and charged with the murders of Freeman and Silva ; he later also confessed to murdering Vallejo . He was sentenced to death on March 12 , 2008 , after only 90 minutes of deliberation by the jury . When asked by his defense lawyer if he wanted to die , Wilkins said : `` I guess , subconsciously , I 've been trying to get myself killed since I was 12 or 13 years old . I do n't have nothing to live for . I have n't been any good to anybody for the last 20 years and I wo n't be for the next 20 or the 20 after that . '' Wilkins was initially scheduled to be executed on October 28 , 2015 ( which , coincidentally , was the 10th anniversary of his arrest ) . His execution was stayed and later rescheduled to January 11 , 2017 . Wilkins was executed by lethal injection on January 11 , 2017 , at 6:29 PM . He was 48 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b295bf8b9d4ffa169cc598af160eda5", "text": "Solomon Dwek Solomon Dwek ( also known by his Hebrew name Shlomo שלמה ) ( born c. 1973 ) of Deal Park , a neighborhood in Ocean Township , New Jersey , United States , is a convicted felon of Sephardic Syrian Jewish descent . Dwek was a former real estate investor who became an FBI informant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44714e47ad207a7b5e487c95d07762d1", "text": "Wiz Khalifa Cameron Jibril Thomaz ( born September 8 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa , is an American rapper , songwriter , and actor . He released his debut album , Show and Prove , in 2006 , and signed to Warner Bros. . Records in 2007 . His Eurodance-influenced single , `` Say Yeah '' , received urban radio airplay , charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008 . Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album , Deal or No Deal , in November 2009 . He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010 ; he then signed with Atlantic Records . He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic , `` Black and Yellow '' , which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album for the label , Rolling Papers , was released on March 29 , 2011 . He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4 , 2012 , which was backed by the singles `` Work Hard , Play Hard '' and `` Remember You '' . Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18 , 2014 , backed by the lead single `` We Dem Boyz '' . In March 2015 , he released `` See You Again '' for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac2facde43d8047d37450d9a66611b26", "text": "Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 is a United States federal law providing funds to states that follow a series of federal protections , known as the `` core protections , '' on the care and treatment of youth in the justice system . The four `` core protections '' of the act are : Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders ( DSO ) -- the deinstitutionalization of status offenders and non-offenders requires that youth who are runaways , truants or curfew violators can not be detained in juvenile detention facilities or adult jails ; `` Sight and Sound '' -- The `` Sight and Sound '' separation protection disallows contact between juvenile and adult offenders ( i.e. if juveniles are put in an adult jail or lock up under the limited circumstances the law allows for , they must be separated from adult inmates ) ; `` Jail Removal '' -- The `` Jail Removal '' disallows the placement of youth in adult jails and lock ups except under very limited circumstances ; Disproportionate Minority Confinement ( DMC ) -- The DMC provision requires states to address the issue of over-representation of youth of color in the justice system . The `` DSO '' and `` Sight and Sound '' protections were part of the original law in 1974 . The `` Jail Removal '' provision was added in 1980 in response to finding youth incarcerated in adult facilities resulted in `` a high suicide rate , physical , mental , and sexual assault , inadequate care and programming , negative labeling , and exposure to serious offenders and mental patients . '' The `` DMC '' requirement was added in the JJDPA in 1992 . The compliance of states towards the requirements of the JJDP Act is monitored by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention . , the `` vast majority '' of participating states comply with the first three requirements and are making strides towards the fourth . . With the exception of Wyoming , all states participate in the program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0630e504be143cfcd38be07a5f750f6f", "text": "EZ Money Jason Broyles ( born April 27 , 1973 ) is an American professional wrestler . He is best known for his stint in Extreme Championship Wrestling under the ring name EZ Money . He also wrestled for World Championship Wrestling in its final month of operation under the ring name Jason Jett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1f937869d59cab09e9769173b3cb2b", "text": "Da BackWudz Da BackWudz , also known by the name Labratz , was a rap duo from Decatur , Georgia consisting of Marcus `` Big Marc '' Thomas and James `` Sho Nuff '' Redding . The duo released one album , Wood Work , in 2006 and the album reached the position of 94 on the Billboard 200 . They were signed to Dallas Austin 's Rowdy Records and they released their first single , `` You Gon na Love Me '' , in 2005 . Da BackWudz has performed in multiple tours , including BET 's 2005 Black College Tour and MTV 's Sucker Free Sunday Tour . Thomas and Redding later renamed themselves Labratz , joined together with Heavy Slim and G Wiz , and released one album , Atlantis Rising , before disbanding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6450f84f491f72f9d7dc4d6fe84a480f", "text": "Darrell Spinks Darrell Spinks ( born July 24 , 1973 ) St. Louis , Missouri , U.S. ) is an American former professional boxer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8756c4ce4fec78a16555e74f097adf69", "text": "Dutch Mob The Dutch Mob was a New York pickpocket gang during the late nineteenth century . Formed during the late 1860s by Little Freddie , `` Sheeny '' Mike Kurtz , and Johnny Irving , former members of the Italian Dave Gang , the Dutch Mob soon became one of the largest pickpocket gangs in the United States numbering around 300 members . Operating in the Manhattan neighborhood east of the Bowery , the area between Houston and Fifth Streets was known as a `` pickpockets paradise '' to the local press . A common tactic of the gang was to stage a street fight and pickpocket the gathering crowd . A variation of this technique was to have several gang members pick a fight with a victim where he would be `` rescued '' by other gang members posing as innocent bystanders and have his pockets picked while being rushed through the crowd . However , when Anthony J. Allaire was appointed precinct captain in 1877 , police `` flying squads '' were sent to clear the district attacking anyone who was suspected or resembled a pickpocket or other criminal and by the end of the year few members of the gang remained . The same area would become home to another gang of mostly teenaged pickpockets , the Crazy Butch Gang in the late-1890s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0af818ba75a12cb29fbbd85ce05ad137", "text": "Lil' Keke Marcus Lakee Edwards ( born March 29 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Lil ' Keke , is an American hip hop recording artist from Houston , Texas and original member of the Southern hip hop collective Screwed Up Click .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888f1cf1f2086a952293cdd563f261f0", "text": "Danny Boy (singer) Danny Boy Steward ( born October 31 , 1977 ) is a Chicago native known by his stage name Danny Boy or DB . He is a contemporary African-American soul singer originally signed for a five-year run with Death Row Records by Suge Knight . He made his debut on 1994 's Murder Was the Case soundtrack with the R&B charter Come When I Call ( Produced by DJ Quik ) . In 1995 , he released his first single entitled Slip N Slide ( Produced by Reggie Moore and co-produced by DeVante Swing ) with then unknown artist Ginuwine singing the chorus . The video was shot in Cabo , and also features scenes with 2Pac , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound . Danny is best known for singing the choruses of the 2Pac songs `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' , `` What ' z Ya Phone # '' , `` Picture Me Rollin ' '' and `` Heaven Ai n't Hard 2 Find '' on All Eyez on Me , as well as `` Toss It Up '' on The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory . He had recorded several albums ' worth of music while on Death Row Records , but none were released during his time there . Danny Boy also made an appearance on Tha Row 's soundtrack to Eddie Griffin 's Dysfunktional Family movie and also appeared on American Idol , but was disqualified due to continued internet promotion by his former label . He is currently working on some projects for his own label `` Eclectic Soul Music Group '' and resides in the suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia . On April 20 , 2010 Death Row Records , under new management , finally released Danny Boy 's 1996 debut album It 's About Time featuring production by DJ Quik & DeVante Swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "384022a9b8a949710d6dc71e93a88edc", "text": "Fabo Lefabian Williams ( born November 30 , 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Fabo , is an American rapper , producer , songwriter and former frontman of the snap music group D4L . Fabo is currently signed to Atlantic Records , and has gone solo . Fader called Fabo `` an unquestioned living legend for certain segments of the rap community '' and said that `` Young Thug even paid tribute in his breakout ` Stoner . ' '' D4L 's breakout song Laffy Taffy dethroned Mariah Carey 's `` Do n't Forget About Us '' to claim the No. 1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` Laffy Taffy '' made Nielsen SoundScan history with digital download sales of over 175,000 copies , marking a new one-week high for sales of a single track . This achievement smashes the previous record set by Kanye West 's `` Gold Digger , '' more than doubling the latter 's one-week sales figure of 80,500 . D4L earned recognition by the RIAA for highest certified master ringtone honors , going 3x multi-platinum for their song , Laffy Taffy . In November 2013 , Complex ( magazine ) named D4L with the likes of industry greats Eminem , Lil Wayne , and Timbaland as one of The 10 Major Influences on Today 's Rap Sound . The magazine credits D4L for influence on current California production style as well as the obvious `` ringtone '' rap , pop rap and dance-style rap music . Complex goes on to say , `` And no doubt group member , Fabo , a true star , was influential , particularly in the South . '' After a brief hiatus from the music scene , Fabo , who now goes by the stage name 2 $ Fabo , returned in 2013 with a new single called `` Catch Me on That Molly , '' which was produced by King Dominus . In 2014 , 2 $ Fabo released the well-received We Amongst U , which Stereogum called their mixtape of the week and `` a hell of a good time . '' Additionally , Fader called `` We Amongst U '' the `` most fun mixtape of 2014 . '' It goes on to describe the song `` Krazy Bout That Money , '' as being `` nothing short of ecstatic , a twinkling , Nard & B-reminiscent production over which Fabo delivers the most impassioned love letter to cash I 've ever heard . It feels like hearing `` The World 's Greatest '' for the first time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bd2758966feefddca3ea70bab092e5c2", "text": "Sharon Tate Sharon Marie Tate Polanski ( January 24 , 1943 -- August 9 , 1969 ) was an American actress and model . During the 1960s , she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl . After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances , Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood 's most promising newcomers . She made her film debut in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil . Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film , Valley of the Dolls , earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination . Tate 's last completed film , 12 +1 was released posthumously in 1969 , with the actress receiving top billing . In January 20 , 1968 , Tate married Roman Polanski , her director and co-star in 1967 's The Fearless Vampire Killers . On August 9 , 1969 , Tate , along with four others , was murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with Polanski . At the time of her death , she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple 's son . A decade after Tate 's murder , the actress ' mother , Doris Tate , in response to the growing cult status of the killers and the possibility of them being granted parole , organized a public campaign that resulted in amendments to the California criminal law . Tate 's mother went on to say that the law would `` help transform Sharon 's legacy from murder victim to a symbol of victims ' rights '' . A book by Tate 's sister , Debra Tate , titled Sharon Tate : Recollection , was released in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "42fbb0922a65f7c5dabac4956adfae2f", "text": "Stephanie Edwards (TV personality) Stephanie Ann Edwards ( born November 8 , 1943 ) is an American actress and television personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3096693faee5586d140a8a3643feda9b", "text": "Lynn Povich Lynn Povich ( born 1943 ) is an award-winning journalist who has spent more than 40 years in the news business . After graduating from Vassar , she began her career as a secretary in the Paris Bureau of Newsweek magazine , rising to become a reporter and writer in New York . In 1970 , she was one of a group of women who sued the magazine for sex discrimination . Five years later , she was appointed the first woman Senior Editor in Newsweek 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2316371a4819d7c682e63e2203c1eb48", "text": "Sharon Stone Sharon Yvonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , film producer , and former fashion model . Stone first came to attention for her role in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1989 ) and early mainstream prominence followed with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's Total Recall ( 1990 ) . She became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition with her starring role as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She won the Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Martin Scorsese 's Casino ( 1995 ) . She received another two Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2005 , Stone 's other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) . Stone has made guest-appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) . She starred in the short-lived series Agent X ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24ea0ef0b37b06209c89c7508d7ef853", "text": "Miesha Tate Miesha Theresa Tate ( -LSB- ˈmiːʃə -RSB- ; born August 18 , 1986 ) is an American retired mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) and is a former UFC Women 's Bantamweight Champion . Primarily known for her grappling ability , Tate became a wrestler while attending Franklin Pierce High School in Tacoma , Washington and won a state championship during her senior year in 2005 . She began her professional mixed martial arts ( MMA ) career in 2007 , and won the bantamweight championship of the Freestyle Cage Fighting promotion in 2009 . Tate gained increased recognition in 2011 , when she won the Strikeforce Women 's Bantamweight Championship . She has also won a silver medal in the FILA Grappling Championships . Outside of MMA , Tate has modeled for numerous websites and publications , including ESPN The Magazine and Fitness Gurls . She is featured as a playable character in the video game EA Sports UFC . In 2015 , Tate was announced as a cast member in the feature film Fight Valley . Her fighting style , which focused on wrestling and Brazilian jiu-jitsu , has earned praise from multiple peers and media outlets . Ultimate Fighting Championship president Dana White has credited Tate 's fight with Ronda Rousey on March 3 , 2012 as the key factor in the creation of women 's divisions in the UFC . Tate 's final victory in MMA came on March 5 , 2016 , when she won the UFC Women 's Bantamweight Championship after beating Holly Holm via technical submission . On July 9 , 2016 , she lost the UFC title to Amanda Nunes at UFC 200 . In November 2016 , she announced her retirement from MMA after a loss by decision to Raquel Pennington at UFC 205 . Post retirement , Tate has shown interest in competing in no-gi grappling matches , the first of which was against former MMA opponent Jessica Eye at Submission Underground 2 , which Tate won by decision . Tate has also signed a contract with Fox Sports , joining the UFC analytical desk for FS1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0af12b43a9fbab81407c9342d7707f0", "text": "John Tate (boxer) John Tate ( January 29 , 1955 -- April 9 , 1998 ) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1977 to 1988 , and held the WBA heavyweight title from 1979 to 1980 . As an amateur he won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1976 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f84ebc1ba72db9fef1a31612d95e98", "text": "Geoff Tate Geoff Tate ( born Jeffrey Wayne Tate , January 14 , 1959 ; he later changed his first name to Geoffery or Geoffrey ) is a German-born American singer and musician . He rose to fame with the progressive metal band Queensrÿche , who had commercial success with their 1988 album Operation : Mindcrime and 1990 album Empire . Tate is ranked fourteenth on Hit Paraders list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time . He was voted No. 2 on That Metal Show 's top 5 hard rock vocalists of the 1980s . In 2012 , he won the Vegas Rocks ! Magazine Music Award for `` Voice in Progressive Heavy Metal '' . In 2015 , he placed ninth on OC Weekly 's list of the 10 Best High-Pitched Metal Singers . After his farewell tour as Queensrÿche , he renamed his band Operation : Mindcrime , after the Queensrÿche album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28bc1d1a86b0f725ae80203db9b66f3d", "text": "Sharon Temple The Sharon Temple is an open-air museum site , located in the village of Sharon , Ontario , that was in 1990 designated as a National Historic Site of Canada . It is composed of eight distinctive heritage buildings and dwellings , and houses 6,000 artifacts on a 1.8 ha . site . The building is made available for public use such as tours , concerts , weddings , and special occasions by its current owner , the Sharon Temple Museum Society . It was constructed between 1825 and 1832 by the `` Children of Peace '' , a Quaker sect led by David Willson on whose property it was built . Other restored buildings include David Willson 's Study , which is a smaller architectural gem . The Ebenezer Doan house of 1819 , constructed by the Temple 's master-builder and relocated from the former Doan family farm nearby , has been restored in an early garden setting . Also on site are the `` cook house '' where communal meals were created and served , the `` drive shed ' complete with period carriages , and another of David Willson 's architectural curiosities -- the round outhouse . The Ontario Heritage Trust has a public easement to ensure its preservation meets conservation standards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "729a15a59d7e2fc87a9c56d181678aec", "text": "William Tate (soldier) Chef de brigade ( colonel ) William Tate was the Irish-American commander of a French military force known as La Légion Noire ( `` The Black Legion '' ) which invaded Britain in 1797 , resulting in the Battle of Fishguard . The 1,200 to 1,400-strong Légion Noire landed at Carregwastad Point , near the Welsh port of Fishguard , on February 22 but surrendered three days later . After brief imprisonment , Tate was returned to France in a prisoner exchange in 1798 , along with most of his invasion force . This was the last invasion of the British mainland by foreign forces . Tate reportedly disliked the British because his family had been killed by pro-British Native Americans in the American War of Independence , and he advocated Irish republicanism . Many historians , following E. H. Stuart Jones , the author of The Last Invasion of Britain ( 1950 ) , have suggested that William Tate was about 70 years old in 1797 ; he was in fact 44 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35c32bb7c64afcf06714d4ef5dc3c3e", "text": "Sharon Presley Sharon Presley ( born 23 March 1943 ) , is an American libertarian feminist , writer , activist , and retired lecturer in psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f53d93127fae7436429850a4e2e1aa", "text": "Catherine Tate Catherine Tate ( born Catherine Ford ; 12 May 1968 ) is an English comedian , actress , and writer . She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and seven BAFTA Awards . Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show , Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later temporarily reprised her role , becoming the Tenth Doctor 's companion for the fourth series in 2008 . In 2011 , she began a recurring role as Nellie Bertram in the U.S. version of The Office and was a regular until the series ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b4aaaf55a62f92ccc2da073f3658fb3", "text": "Sharon Begley Sharon Begley ( born June 14 , 1956 ) is an American journalist who is the senior science writer for Stat , the publication from The Boston Globe that covers stories related to the life sciences . She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1977 , where she regularly contributed articles to the Yale Scientific Magazine . She has written recurring columns and feature articles in several mainstream publications on a wide variety of scientific topics . Begley is also an author and speaks at universities and gatherings of both professional and community organizations . Her topics include the neuroplasticity of the brain , issues affecting science journalism , education , and other topics she has researched during her career . She has appeared on radio and television to discuss the topics covered in her articles and books . A prolific writer , Begley has attracted both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91a9b55ad0959bc5c16c8fdf0fb0967", "text": "Sharon Byatt Sharon Byatt ( born in Liverpool ) , is a British actress who played Irenee in Carla Lane 's Bread . She has also appeared in such programmes as Mersey Beat , Holby City , Springhill ( TV series ) and Dream Team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e4536d95a44e79a993646601104302", "text": "Letitia Dean Letitia Jane Dean ( born 14 November 1967 ) is an English actress and singer . She is known for her role as Sharon Watts in the BBC soap opera EastEnders . An original cast member from 1985 to 1995 , she reprised the role from 2001 to 2006 , and again from 2012 onwards . In 1986 , along with Paul Medford , Dean had a UK Top 20 hit with `` Something Outa Nothing '' . Her other television roles include The Hello Girls ( 1996 -- 98 ) , and Lucy Sullivan is Getting Married ( 1999 -- 2000 ) . In 2007 , she participated in the fifth series of the popular BBC dance competition Strictly Come Dancing , finishing fourth . On stage , she starred in the West End production of High School Musical in 2008 , and in the UK touring production of Calendar Girls in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb942cb4943dfb8a0e2834e1c57fa69", "text": "Ralph Sharon Ralph Simon Sharon ( September 17 , 1923 -- March 31 , 2015 ) was an Anglo-American jazz pianist and arranger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d882a5b931cfb2be1ea3109117e03a", "text": "Antonia Stone Antonia `` Toni '' Stone ( 1930-2002 ) created the United States ' first community technology centers . In 1980 , Toni Stone set up Playing to Win ( PTW ) . Playing to Win , a nonprofit organization dedicated to countering inequities in computer access . PTW looked to serve inmates and ex-offenders by teaching them computer skills and offering technical assistance to prisons and rehabilitation agencies . In 1983 , Stone and PTW Corporation opened the Harlem Community Computing Center . This center was located in the basement of a Harlem housing project it provided the neighborhood with public access to personal computers . Taking advantage of the success of PTW , Stone created a network of centers known as the PTWNet . Playing to Win Network went on to form alliances with six other technology access programs in Harlem , some parts of Boston , Washington , D.C. , and Pittsburgh , by 1990 . In 1992 , Playing To Win was given a three-year grant from the National Science Foundation in order to provide neighborhood technology access to the northeastern United States . Three years later Stone changed the PTWNet name to the Community Technology Centers ' Network . The newly named network was a national membership organization of community technology centers . Today , the CTCNet includes more than 600 member sites connected by the Internet . The network is an independent organization that provides services to 1,000 community technology centers on the country . PTW is still working to provide computer literacy programs in Harlem . In 1997 , Stone left CTCNet but continued working and advising in the area of technical literacy . Stone received the Norbert Wiener Award from Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility in 1994 and the Eugene L. Lawler Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1999 for her work in humanitarian application of computers . In 2001 , Stone was awarded an honorary doctorate from DePaul University . Stone also received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Harvard chapter of Women in Technology . Antonia Stone died in 2002 due to complications from myelodysplastic leukemia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4f109a6f98f07abff559e204e34fc", "text": "Anne Bloom Anne Bloom ( born January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) , 1947 , in Los Angeles ) is an American former film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c76ebe2e5a1cdd894ed2e4f3c32dec", "text": "July 16", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97f57acf51b01fb57ba55066eaad5e3e", "text": "Sharon Butala Sharon Butala ( born Sharon Annette LeBlanc , 1940 in Nipawin , Saskatchewan ) is a Canadian writer and novelist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f1dae2241392db79ddf0320cbd28cd2", "text": "Gerald Ford Gerald Rudolph Ford , Jr. ( born Leslie Lynch King , Jr. ; July 14 , 1913 -- December 26 , 2006 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from 1974 to 1977 , following the resignation of Richard Nixon . Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States , following the resignation of Spiro Agnew . He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment , and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office . Before his appointment to the vice presidency , Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan 's 5th congressional district , the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader . As President , Ford signed the Helsinki Accords , marking a move toward détente in the Cold War . With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency , U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended . Domestically , Ford presided over the worst economy in the four decades since the Great Depression , with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure . One of his most controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal . During Ford 's presidency , foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play , and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President . In the Republican presidential primary campaign of 1976 , Ford defeated former California Governor Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination . He narrowly lost the presidential election to the Democratic challenger , former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter , making him the first President who succeeded to office as a result of a mid-term vacancy since Chester A. Arthur not to be elected in his own right . Following his years as President , Ford remained active in the Republican Party . After experiencing health problems , he died at home on December 26 , 2006 . Ford lived longer than any other U.S. president -- 93 years and 165 days -- while his 895-day presidency was the shortest of all presidents who did not die in office .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "40d37d21d0bb0eb4700077b346bdcbea", "text": "Ford Mustang The Ford Mustang is an American automobile manufactured by Ford . It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon , a compact car . The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang . The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model 's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter . Introduced early on April 17 , 1964 , ( 16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda ) and thus dubbed as a `` 1964 1/2 '' by Mustang fans , the 1965 Mustang was the automaker 's most successful launch since the Model A . The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation . The Mustang created the `` pony car '' class of American automobiles , affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro , Pontiac Firebird , AMC Javelin , Chrysler 's revamped Plymouth Barracuda , and the first generation Dodge Challenger . The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri , which were imported to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45d303b1791511efbded809b36d6c2eb", "text": "United States presidential election in Michigan, 1972 The 1972 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 7 , 1972 , as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Michigan voters chose twenty-one representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Michigan was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R -- California ) , with 62.07 % of the popular vote , against George McGovern ( D -- South Dakota ) , with 35.79 % of the popular vote . John G. Schmitz was the only other candidate on the ballot , and , as the candidate for the American Independent Party , he received over 63,000 votes . Delta , Lake , Washtenaw , and Wayne counties were the only four of Michigan 's 83 counties to vote for McGovern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c41cf50627deb19321cacc56f12b290", "text": "Donald Petersen Donald Eugene Petersen ( born September 4 , 1926 ) is an American businessman who was employed by the Ford Motor Company for 40 years , most notably as its Chief Executive Officer from 1985 to 1990 . Born in Pipestone , Minnesota , Petersen served in the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II and the Korean War . He received his BSME from the University of Washington in 1946 and joined Ford in 1949 after receiving his MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business . Donald E. Petersen became Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Ford Motor Company on February 1 , 1985 . Prior to his election as Chairman , Petersen was President and COO ( Chief Operating Officer ) from March 13 , 1980 . He was a member of the Board of Directors from September 8 , 1977 until his retirement in February 1990 . Hailed a `` Most Valuable Person '' of 1988 by USA Today and `` CEO of the Year '' by Chief Executive magazine in 1989 , Petersen transformed Ford with his inclusive , team-oriented management style . Petersen was famously known for instructing the Ford design staff to design vehicles they would be proud to buy and park in their own driveways . This change in philosophy came about after he was answered in the negative as he inquired of a Ford designer whether he was proud of the design he was working on . This watershed event culminated in the groundbreaking and wildly successful design of the Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable twins which pulled Ford out of its financial doldrums of the early 1980s and provided the motivation and profit which carried Ford for the next decade . Petersen 's relationship with members of the founding Ford family became strained after he opposed the nomination of founder Henry Ford 's great-grandsons , Edsel Buell Ford II ( `` Edsel '' ) and William Clay Ford Jr. ( `` Billy '' , `` Bill Jr. '' , and later just `` Bill '' ) to certain committees of the board of Ford in the wake of the death of family patriarch and former Ford Chairman & CEO Henry Ford II in 1987 . Petersen 's primary motivation was to permit more time to pass before a decision was made concerning the futures of the two young Fords . The widening of this schism later cut short Petersen 's tenure at Ford , after a high-profile and public disagreement spilled over into the press regarding differences in strategic direction between Petersen and the members of the Ford family . These differences were largely due to Petersen 's purchase of the bankrupt Jaguar Cars company after a bidding war between Ford and General Motors . In this case , the press did not have the story straight , as Petersen had indicated his plan to retire , before the decision was made to acquire Jaguar . In the years since , Ford contributed major managerial resources to and several times recapitalized Jaguar with no subsequent return of investment . Ford eventually divested itself of the Jaguar asset on June 2 , 2008 . Today , Jaguar is quite profitable . He was succeeded by Harold `` Red '' Poling . Petersen has , at various times , held director-level board positions at The Boeing Company , Dow Jones & Co. , the Hewlett-Packard Company , Capital Research and Management Company ( mutual funds ) , Axicon Technologies , Juran Center for Leadership in Quality ( Member , Exec . Advisory Board ) , College of Arts & Sciences at the University of Washington ( President , Advisory Board ) and Long Shadows Vintners . A portrait of Petersen , painted by artist Michele Rushworth hangs in the Petersen Room in the Allen Library at the University of Washington . Petersen is a member of the Business Council , the National Academy of Engineering , SAE , the Engineering Society of Detroit and Mensa . Petersen and his wife , Jo Anne , reside in Bloomfield Hills , Michigan , Seattle , Washington , and Montecito , California . They have two children , Leslie Price ( who was born in 1956 ) , and Donald L. Petersen ( who was born in 1958 ) . Leslie Price has a daughter named Joanne Price .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49c7c5eb3653a87a043375d006e0b41", "text": "United States presidential election in Illinois, 1976 The 1976 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on November 2 , 1976 . Gerald Ford won Illinois with 50.10 % percent of the vote , but lost the general election to Jimmy Carter of Georgia . This is the last election where a Democrat won the White House without carrying Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "594bb9fddba946dd83ea436ea2a581d7", "text": "Federal Records Act The Federal Records Act of 1950 is a United States federal law enacted in 1950 . It provides the legal framework for federal records management , including record creation , maintenance , and disposition . The Federal Records Act came following the recommendations of the Hoover Commission ( 1947-49 ) . The act , and its related regulations , require each federal agency to establish an ongoing program for records management and to cooperate with the National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA ) . A 1985 NARA pamphlet describes the Federal Records Act as the `` basis for the Federal Government 's policies and procedures for creating , maintaining , and disposing of Federal records . The act and its related regulations define Federal records , mandate the creation and preservation of those records necessary to document Federal activities , establish Government ownership of records , and provide the exclusive legal procedures for the disposition of records . '' The Second Hoover Commission ( 1953-55 ) addressed paperwork management and recommended the adoption of program relating to `` directives management , reports management , paperwork quality control , and clerical work measurement . '' As a result , the first Guide to Record Retention Requirements was published in 1955 ; the guide is updated annually and is used by archivists and other record managers both in and out of government . The Federal Records Act was amended over time . Amendments in 1976 emphasized paperwork reduction and information lifecycle management . The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 , which followed the issuance of the report of the Commission on Federal Paperwork in 1977 , introduced information resources management and gave responsibility to the Office of Management and Budget for creating federal information policy standards . In November 2014 , the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014 was signed into law by President Barack Obama . This bipartisan act , which followed the 2011 President 's Memorandum on Managing Government Records , modernizes the Federal Records Act . The act expressly expands the definition of federal records to include electronic records ( the first change to the definition of `` Federal record '' since the enactment of the act in 1950 ) . The act also grants the Archivist of the United States the final determination as to what constitutes a Federal record ; `` authorizes the early transfer of permanent electronic federal and presidential records to the National Archives , while legal custody remains with the agency or the president '' ; `` clarifies the responsibilities of federal government officials when using non-government email systems '' ; and `` empowers the National Archives to safeguard original and classified records from unauthorized removal . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736fac724f6fb7c05b8835fb2af5e58a", "text": "NCAA Gerald R. Ford Award The NCAA Gerald R. Ford Award was named in recognition of Gerald Ford , 38th President of the United States . Presented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association , the award honors an individual who has provided significant leadership in the role of advocate for intercollegiate athletics and has done so a continuous basis over the course of their career . Ford played the position of center in football at the University of Michigan , participating on national championship teams in 1932 and 1933 . He turned down offers from Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions to study law at Yale University . The Gerald Ford Award was first awarded in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7721434bc8275311ab3e4094f9574d", "text": "Terrence L. Bracy Terrence L. Bracy , a St. Louis native , is a leading expert on Congressional legislation . As an aide to former Congressman Morris K. Udall , Terry Bracy did crucial behind-the-scenes work on important reform measures , including the Alaska Native Claims Act , the Campaign Reform Acts of 1971 and 1974 , the Colorado River Basin Act of 1968 , as well as numerous other bills dealing with parks and wilderness , clean energy technologies , and governmental reorganization . Terry Bracy served as an aide to Congressman Udall from 1966-1976 . He convinced Congressman Udall to run for President in 1976 and conceived Udall 's successful campaign strategy , at a time when very few Congressmen ran for President . In January 1977 , President Jimmy Carter appointed Terry Bracy Assistant Secretary of Transportation . From 1977-1979 , Bracy was a major player in the advent of airbags in cars , and of the nation 's first fuel economy standards . He was also the department 's liaison to Congress , to the White House , to the nation 's governors and mayors , and to the press . Bracy led the effort to put the first user fee on America 's waterway system , and in 1979 he led the first Federal effort to `` reinvent the auto '' and modernize Detroit . In 1981 , Bracy founded the consulting firm that is now Bracy Tucker Brown and Valanzano , and has directed that firm ever since . Bracy Tucker has had many Fortune 500 clients , as well as major U.S. cities , airports , Native American tribes , European and Asian concerns and the U.S. government . In 1992 , the Udall Foundation was established by the U.S. Congress to honor the 30-year legacy of public service by Congressman Mo Udall and enhanced in 2009 to honor Secretary Stewart L. Udall . In 1994 , Terry Bracy was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the board of trustees of the Udall Foundation and subsequently elected the first chair . He was reappointed by President Clinton in 1998 , and by President George W. Bush in 2006 . Bracy led the Foundation from its first class of Udall Scholars in 1995 and under his leadership , the Foundation also created the Native American Internship on Capitol Hill , co-founded the Native Nations Institute , and accepted from Congress the stewardship of the US Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution . On October 27 , 2011 , Bracy stepped down from his role as chair of the Udall Foundation board . There was a dinner to honor Bracy and his distinguished service to the Udall Foundation the same day in Tucson , Ariz. . Bill Bradley , former three-term U.S. Senator from New Jersey and 2000 Presidential candidate , was the keynote speaker at the dinner . `` Terry Bracy is a true master of the legislative process . He is smart , intuitive , trustworthy , knows his business , and he really cares about the mission of the Udall Foundation , '' said Senator Bradley . Bracy is now `` retired chair emeritus '' of the Foundation . Several elected officials issued formal statements about Bracy 's contributions to the Udall Foundation . `` Terry 's dedicated service has been critical to advancing the tremendous legacies of Mo and Stewart Udall , '' said Senator John McCain of Arizona . `` I wish him the best . '' `` Terry served many years to make sure the Udall legacy would be enshrined in the national consciousness , not just today but in the future , '' said Congressman Raúl Grijalva of Arizona . `` He has the sincere thanks of all of us who know how important the Udall Foundation and its work are to this country . I was happy to work with him , and he will be missed . '' Senator Mark Udall of Colorado made a statement on the floor of the U.S. Senate about Bracy . `` In light of his impending retirement from the Udall Foundation board , it is fitting that we commemorate Terry 's groundbreaking work on behalf of the foundation . '' In addition , Senator Tom Udall of New Mexico made a similar floor statement , noting `` The Udall Foundation would not be what it is today without the tireless work of one man -- Terrence L. Bracy . '' There was significant media attention regarding Bracy stepping down . On the occasion of his retirement , an annual award was created in Bracy 's honor . The Terrence L. Bracy Distinguished Alumnus Award recognizes outstanding contributions from Udall alumni in four principal areas of public service : conflict resolution , environmental work , health care ( including social services ) , and tribal public policy . Bracy was married to Nancy Kay Muhlitner in 1966 . They have two sons , Michael and Timothy , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff1a18d053d197b9dc43b5f4b0469ac", "text": "Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1968 This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1968 election . After winning the Republican presidential nomination at the 1968 Republican National Convention , former Vice President Richard Nixon convened a series of meetings with close advisers and party leaders such as Strom Thurmond in order to choose his running mate . Nixon ultimately asked the convention to nominate Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew as his running mate . By a large margin , Agnew won the vice presidential nomination on the first ballot over Michigan Governor George W. Romney , who was supported by a faction of liberal Republicans . Nixon chose Agnew because he wanted a centrist who was broadly acceptable to the party , had experience with domestic issues , and appealed to Southern voters ( to counter the third party candidacy of former Alabama Governor George Wallace ) . The Nixon-Agnew ticket defeated the Humphrey-Muskie ticket , and also won re-election in 1972 , defeating the McGovern-Shriver ticket . However , Agnew was forced to resign as Vice President in 1973 due to a controversy regarding his personal taxes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f3cef5ee5853668f38495dc602a17e9", "text": "Donald N. Frey Donald Nelson Frey ( pronounced Frī ) ( March 23 , 1923 -- March 5 , 2010 ) , was widely known as the Ford Motor Company product manager who , along with Lee Iacocca and others , developed the Ford Mustang into a viable project -- and who ultimately supervised the development of the car in a record 18 months . At times besieged by autograph seekers for his role with the Mustang , Frey , a third generation engineer , was `` one of the few auto executives with experience in all three of the industry 's essential areas : design , manufacture and sales . '' He had nonetheless been most proud of assisting Ford in introducing safety improvements to their lineup , including disc brakes and radial tires . In 1967 , Time called Frey `` Detroit 's sharpest idea man '' . Frey went on to a successful career as an innovator in manufacturing and information systems and as chairman and CEO Bell & Howell . In 1990 , he received the National Medal of Technology in a White House ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec03eed58f49b1f8e53ec0d34d037f4", "text": "Elmer Robinson Elmer Edwin `` Rob-Rob '' Robinson ( October 3 , 1894 -- June 9 , 1982 ) was the 33rd mayor of San Francisco , California . A Republican , he served as San Francisco 's mayor from January 1948 until January 1956 . Robinson was born in the Richmond District of San Francisco , but primarily grew up in the northern California town of Fort Bragg . He moved back to San Francisco to attend night law school , after which he was admitted to the bar in 1915 . He served as a deputy district attorney of San Francisco County , 1915 to 1921 . He worked for 15 years , as a civil and criminal attorney in private practice . In 1933 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Robinson to direct adjustment of claims of World War I veterans , at the request of the Disabled American Veterans . In January 1935 , he became a Municipal Court judge , nine months later a Superior Court judge . Elected to two six-year terms on the San Francisco County Superior bench , 1936 and 1942 . During World War II , Judge Robinson served as California State Chairman of a national salvage committee . Elmer Robinson was elected mayor of San Francisco in November 1947 , taking office the following January . He was reelected to another four-year term as mayor in 1951 . While Robinson was mayor , he promoted and oversaw numerous development projects , including an expansion of San Francisco International Airport and the construction of new schools , libraries , police stations , parking garages , and the modernization of the San Francisco Municipal Railway . San Francisco , although relatively prosperous in the boom years after World War II , experienced some population loss to outlying suburban areas during Robinson 's terms in office . He returned to his law practice and served as president and general manager of Woodlawn Memorial Park . While a resident of San Francisco , Judge Robinson died in Paradise , Butte County , California , on June 8 , 1982 at age 87 . Category :1894 births Category :1982 deaths Category : Mayors of San Francisco Category : California lawyers Category : American Episcopalians Category : People from Fort Bragg , California Category : California Republicans Category :20 th-century American politicians", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d062cfdf4c16af5e5bcdb2476a6e4ce7", "text": "Ray Barnhart Ray Anderson Barnhart ( January 12 , 1928 -- May 26 , 2013 ) was a businessman and Republican politician , formerly from Pasadena in Harris County , Texas . From 1981 to 1987 , Barnhart was director of the Federal Highway Administration under U.S. President Ronald W. Reagan . In 1976 , he , along with Ernest Angelo of Midland , and Barbara Staff of Dallas were co-chairmen of the Reagan presidential primary campaign against sitting President Gerald R. Ford , Jr. . From 1973 to 1974 , Barnhart was a one-term member of the Texas House of Representatives . He previously served on the Pasadena City Council from 1965 to 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d3a695057d72713913d95b100c7dc6", "text": "Wendell H. Ford Wendell Hampton Ford ( September 8 , 1924 -- January 22 , 2015 ) was an American politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky . He served for twenty-four years in the U.S. Senate and was the 53rd Governor of Kentucky . He was the first person to be successively elected lieutenant governor , governor and United States senator in Kentucky history . The Senate Democratic whip from 1991 to 1999 , he was considered the leader of the state 's Democratic Party from his election to governor in 1971 until his retirement from the Senate in 1999 . At the time of his retirement , he was the longest-serving senator in Kentucky 's history , a mark which was then surpassed by Mitch McConnell in 2009 . Born in Daviess County , Kentucky , Ford attended the University of Kentucky , but his studies were interrupted by his service in World War II . After the war , he graduated from the Maryland School of Insurance and returned to Kentucky to help his father with the family insurance business . He also continued his military service in the Kentucky Army National Guard . He worked on the gubernatorial campaign of Bert T. Combs in 1959 , and became Combs ' executive assistant when Combs was elected governor . Encouraged to run for the Kentucky Senate by Combs ' ally and successor , Ned Breathitt , Ford won the seat and served one four-year term before running for lieutenant governor in 1967 . He was elected on a split ticket with Republican Louie B. Nunn . Four years later , Ford defeated Combs in an upset in the Democratic primary en route to the governorship . As governor , Ford made government more efficient by reorganizing and consolidating some departments in the executive branch . He raised revenue for the state through a severance tax on coal and enacted reforms to the educational system . He purged most of the Republicans from statewide office , including helping Walter `` Dee '' Huddleston win the Senate seat vacated by the retirement of Republican stalwart John Sherman Cooper . In 1974 , Ford himself ousted the other incumbent senator , Republican Marlow Cook . Following the rapid rise of Ford and many of his political allies , he and his lieutenant governor , Julian Carroll , were investigated on charges of political corruption , but a grand jury refused to indict them . As senator , Ford was a staunch defender of Kentucky 's tobacco industry . He also formed the Senate National Guard Caucus with Missouri senator Kit Bond . Chosen as Democratic party whip in 1991 , Ford considered running for floor leader in 1994 before throwing his support to Connecticut 's Christopher Dodd . He retired from the Senate in 1999 and returned to Owensboro , where he taught politics to youth at the Owensboro Museum of Science and History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90885f3a016e534eef8b7c570a78245d", "text": "United States presidential election in Connecticut, 1976 The 1976 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 2 , 1976 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1976 United States presidential election . Connecticut voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Connecticut was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Gerald Ford of Michigan and his running mate Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . Ford and Dole defeated the Democratic nominees , Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia and his running mate Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Ford narrowly carried Connecticut with 52.06 % of the vote to Carter 's 46.90 % , a victory margin of 5.16 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd1e3674708129b1aa0f17e0bbee1c4", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 1984 . All fifty states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Arizona voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . Arizona was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "13ee7011c0b9a141b8ea6c31aa105844", "text": "Country A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography . A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state , as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division , or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics . Regardless of the physical geography , in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945 , a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction . Sometimes the word countries is used to refer both to sovereign states and to other political entities , while other times it refers only to states . For example , the CIA World Factbook uses the word in its `` Country name '' field to refer to `` a wide variety of dependencies , areas of special sovereignty , uninhabited islands , and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states '' . -LSB- Note 1 -RSB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75f796565a44740ba58d352dcf8b7cdd", "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo ( -LSB- ˈkɒŋɡəʊ -RSB- -LSB- kɔ̃ɡo -RSB- ; République démocratique du Congo ) , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . The DRC borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world . The territory of the DR Congo was first settled by humans around 90,000 years ago . Bantu peoples began migrating into the region in the 5th century and again in the 10th century . In the West of the region the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from the 14th to 19th centuries , while in the centre and East of the region the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century . In the 1870s , before the onset of the Scramble for Africa , European exploration of the Congo was carried out , first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium . Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property . He named it the Congo Free State . During the Free State the colonial military unit , the Force Publique , forced the local population into producing rubber , and from 1885 to 1908 millions of Congolese died as a consequence of disease and exploitation . In 1908 Belgium , despite initial reluctance , formally annexed the Free State from Leopold , which became the Belgian Congo . The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ) . Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister , while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President . Conflict arose over the administration of the territory which became known as the Congo Crisis . The provinces of Katanga , under Moïse Tshombe , and South Kasai attempted to secede from the Congo . On 5 September 1960 , Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba from office , encouraged by the United States and Belgium after Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for assistance in the crisis . On 14 September , with U.S. and Belgian support , Lumumba was arrested by forces loyal to Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who had gained de facto control over the country through a coup d'état the same day , and on 17 January 1961 Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops . In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko , officially came into power through a second coup . In 1971 he renamed the country Zaire . The country was run as a one-party state with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party . Mobutu 's government received considerable support from the United States for its anti-communist stance during the Cold War . By the early 1990s Mobutu 's government began to weaken . Disenfranchisement of the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi-ruled Rwanda , which began the First Congo War . On 17 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila , a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu , became President , bringing about the end of Mobutu 's 32-year rule . Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003 . Ultimately , nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war , which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people . The two wars together devastated the country . President Laurent-Désiré Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later as President by his son Joseph Kabila . The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability , a lack of infrastructure , issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development . Besides the capital Kinshasa , the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities . DR Congo 's largest export is raw minerals , with China accepting over 50 % of DRC 's exports in 2012 . , according to the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , DR Congo 's level of human development ranks 176 out of 187 countries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c78209fe1aeaa642db3a7d80e83d7a9", "text": "United Nations Operation in the Congo Organisation des Nations Unies au Congo , abbreviated ONUC ( English : United Nations Organization in the Congo ) , was a United Nations peacekeeping force in Congo that was established after United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 of 14 July 1960 . In 1963 the name changed to Opération des Nations Unies au Congo , retaining the same abbreviation . To generalise , the mission was a response to the Congo Crisis . ONUC was the UN 's first peacekeeping mission with a significant military force , but has been described as a `` pyrrhic victory at best . '' Following Security Council actions , the United Nations Organization in the Congo ( ONUC ) was established . To carry out these tasks , the Secretary-General set up a United Nations Force -- at its peak strength numbering nearly 20,000 . The UN Force stayed in the Congo between 1960 and 1964 , and underwent a transition from a peacekeeping presence to a military force . ONUC 's main goals stayed consistent from the first to fifth resolution . It featured the double purpose of withdrawing Belgian military personnel ( later expanding to mercenaries ) and providing military assistance to ensure internal stability . The successive Security Council resolutions added to and elaborated on the initial mandate but did not fundamentally change the operation 's objectives . These were especially significant because Belgium 's invasion violated the norm of sovereignty , and the second objective was set to prevent the country from becoming a Cold War client state . The first troops reached Congo on 15 July 1960 , many airlifted in by the United States Air Force as part of Operation New Tape . Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba , dissatisfied with Dag Hammarskjöld 's refusal to use UN troops to subdue the insurrection in Katanga , decided to attempt an invasion of Katanga on his own and turned to the Soviet Union for help . The invasion attempt never reached Katanga but led to dissension within the Central Government , the collapse of the Central Government , and eventually to Lumumba 's arrest in December and execution in Katanga in February 1961 . Only then did the United Nations Security Council explicitly authorize the use of force for purposes beyond self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d129c4ffb83545cd59fd1ab6a4f0040", "text": "Districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are divided into 26 districts . These in turn are divided into territories or communes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841c89e7f52b9a5853e1b671006f5cfa", "text": "Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) The Republic of the Congo ( République du Congo ) was a sovereign state in Central Africa that was created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960 . From 1960-1966 , the country was often known as Congo-Léopoldville ( after its capital ) in order to distinguish it from its north-western neighbour , also called the Republic of the Congo or Congo-Brazzaville . With the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa on 1 June 1966 , it was known as Congo-Kinshasa until 1971 . On 1 August 1964 , the state 's official name was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo . In 1971 , the state 's name changed to Zaire . The period between 1960 and 1965 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic , and the current Democratic Republic of the Congo is the Third Republic . Unrest and rebellion continued to plague the government until 1965 , when Lieutenant General Joseph Désiré Mobutu , now commander-in-chief of the national army , seized control of the country . Mobutu changed the country 's name to Zaire in 1971 and remained its president until 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8381b9071add6590609a17b28a2ebbf", "text": "M'banza-Kongo M'banza - Kongo ( -LSB- ɐ̃ˈbɐ̃zɐ -RSB- , -LSB- ĩˈbɐ̃zɐ -RSB- , -LSB- mɨˈβɐ̃zɐ -RSB- or -LSB- miˈβɐ̃zɐ ˈkõɡu -RSB- , known as São Salvador in Portuguese from 1570 to 1975 ) , is the capital of Angola 's northwestern Zaire Province . M'banza Kongo ( properly Mbanza Koongo or Kôngo in most acceptable orthographies ) was founded some time before the arrival of the Portuguese in 1483 and was the capital of the Kilukeni dynasty ruling at that time . The site was temporarily abandoned during civil wars in the 17th century . It lies close to Angola 's border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo . It is located at around and sits on top of an impressive flat-topped mountain , sometimes called Mongo a Kaila ( mountain of division ) because recent legends recall that the king created the clans of the kingdom and sent them out from there . In the valley to the south runs the Luezi River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173a60bd3e1b5d1e69f27c39fdda10d3", "text": "Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda ( Ibinda : Kilansi kia cabinda ; República de Cabinda ) is an unrecognized state in southern Africa . The Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda-Exercito de Cabinda ( FLEC ) claims sovereignty from Angola and proclaimed the Republic of Cabinda as an independent country in 1975 . The government of this ( internationally not recognized ) entity operates in exile , with offices located in Paris , France and Pointe Noire , Congo-Brazzaville . The 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco designated Cabinda a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo , which was administratively separate from Portuguese West Africa ( Angola ) . In the 20th century , Portugal decided to integrate Cabinda into Angola , giving it the status of a district of that `` overseas province '' . During the Portuguese Colonial War , FLEC fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese . Independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975 , and FLEC formed a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago . Luiz Branque Franque was elected president . In January 1975 , Angola 's three national liberation movements ( People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , National Liberation Front of Angola ( FNLA ) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) ) met with the colonial power in Alvor , Portugal , to establish the modalities of the transition to independence . FLEC was not invited . The Alvor Agreement was signed , establishing Angolan independence and confirming Cabinda as part of Angola . After Angolan independence was declared in November 1975 , Cabinda was occupied by the forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , which had been present in Cabinda since the mid-1960s , sustaining an anti-colonial guerrilla war that was rather more efficient than the one run by FLEC . For much of the 1970s and 1980s , FLEC fought a low-intensity guerrilla war , attacking the troops of what was by then the People 's Republic of Angola , led by the MPLA . FLEC 's tactics included attacking economic targets and kidnapping foreign employees working in the province 's oil and construction businesses . In July 2006 , after ceasefire negotiations , António Bento Bembe -- as president of the Cabindan Forum for Dialogue and Peace , vice-president and executive secretary of FLEC -- announced that the Cabindan separatist forces were ready to declare a ceasefire . A peace treaty was signed . FLEC-FAC from Paris contends Bembe had no authority or mandate to negotiate with the Angolans and that the only acceptable solution is total independence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d1c8bf421a82ed802d123903ecaf953", "text": "Kwilu Province Kwilu Province is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Its capital is Kikwit . It takes its name from the Kwilu River , which crosses the province from south to north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1be0a383ecd64e8184d74ff814ea1bd3", "text": "Shinyanga Region __ NOTOC __ Shinyanga Region is one of Tanzania 's 30 administrative regions . The regional capital is the municipality of Shinyanga . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 1,534,808 . For 2002-2012 , the region 's 2.1 percent average annual population growth rate was the twentieth highest in the country . It was also the tenth most densely populated region with 81 people per square kilometer . With a size of 50781 km2 , the region is slightly smaller than Costa Rica ( 51100 km2 ) . The region is bordered to the north by the Mwanza , Mara , and Kagera Regions and to the south by the Tabora Region . Kigoma Region borders to the west , Singida Region to the southeast , and the Arusha and Manyara Regions to the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90efe3594a91a342a876a44506c52a31", "text": "Dubie Dubie ( also spelled Dubié ) is a village in Pweto Territory , Haut-Katanga District , Democratic Republic of the Congo . The village suffered great damage during the Second Congo War , which technically ended in 2003 . Following the war , local Mai Mai militia continued to operate in the area , living off the people . Army operations against the Mai Mai began in 2005 . Many of the local people were displaced to Dubie . Almost all the internally displaced people ( IDPs ) were living in camps , since they have a different ethnicity from the residents of the village . A March 2006 report said that there were high mortality rates among IDPs at Dubié , increasing levels of malnutrition and insecurity . There were three camps of internally displaced persons , who began arriving in the area in November 2005 and now numbered about 16,000 . The army had brought these people to the camps , and was forcing them to labor in the fields to produce food for the army . Médecins Sans Frontières reported that up to 20 people were dying each week . Roads are in poor shape , reducing the opportunity to sell goods and increasing costs of purchases , but a project by the Concern charity achieved improvements in 2008 . 45 km of roads and 54 small bridges were rehabilitated using local labor , which helped feed money into the local economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54e1cb940cb125f85b18215bb56e859", "text": "Geography of Guinea Guinea is a country on the coast of West Africa and is bordered by Guinea-Bissau , Senegal , Mali , Ivory Coast , Liberia , and Sierra Leone . Guinea is divided into four geographic regions : Maritime Guinea ( Lower Guinea ) a coastal plain running north to south behind the coast ; the pastoral Fouta Djallon highlands ( Middle Guinea ) ; the northern savanna ( Upper Guinea ) ; and a southeastern rain-forest region ( Forest Guinea ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e246085ed03b096b80bfa422bb7517", "text": "People's Republic of the Congo The People 's Republic of the Congo ( République populaire du Congo ) was a self-declared Marxist -- Leninist socialist state that was established in 1969 in the Republic of the Congo . Led by the Congolese Party of Labour ( Parti congolais du travail , PCT ) , it existed until 1991 , when following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the country was renamed and Andre Milongo , a transitional prime minister was named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ae0d3c147b2b082f26a35cf3dc9f222", "text": "Central Corridor (Africa) The Central Corridor is a transport and trading route located in East and Central Africa . Its end point is the Tanzanian port city of Dar es Salaam , where it connects to the rest of the world via shipping . From Dar es Salaam , the corridor runs inland , serving the Tanzanian interior including its capital Dodoma and second city of Mwanza , as well as landlocked Rwanda and Burundi , and the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Central Corridor provides an alternative route to the ocean from Rwandan , Burundi and the DRC from the higher traffic Northern Corridor , which runs through Uganda and Kenya to the port of Mombasa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c11456e17c228e86dba4f53685c1aa4", "text": "North Region (Cameroon) The North Region ( Région du Nord ) makes up 66,090 km ² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon . Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north , the Adamawa Region to the south , Nigeria to the west , Chad to the east , and Central African Republic to the southeast . The city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital . Garoua is Cameroon 's third largest port , despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year . Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani ( Fulɓe links = no ) , who are Islamic pastoralists , and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa , Chadic , and Nilo-Saharan languages . French is the language of formal education , and Fulfulde , the language of the Fulbe , is widespread as a lingua franca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61e7ad64ac10e37825a8266523c21eb1", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo , a former French colony known as Middle Congo or French Congo , and now often known simply as The Congo . The Republic of the Congo is a country in central Africa bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( formerly known as Zaire ) , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda , and the Gulf of Guinea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d0de8c6a145425ea39fbfa7fcb1a3b", "text": "Congolese unification Congolese unification refers to the potential future unification of the Republic of the Congo ( capital : Brazzaville ) and the Democratic Republic of Congo ( capital : Kinshasa ) under a single government . The two Congos share many ethnic groups , an official language ( French ) and national languages ( Lingala , Kituba , Kongo ) ; additionally , their capitals form a single conurbation straddling the Congo River , and are the two capitals closest to one another in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e05d5956eb990cc5cb8c2cf97c30d20", "text": "Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo Sake is a town in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the eastern province of North Kivu . It is located at the northwestern extremity of Lake Kivu , 25 km ( 15 mi ) west-northwest of Goma on National Road No. 2 , at the edge of the volcanic lava plains in the bottom of the Western Rift Valley , at an elevation of about 1500 m . The western escarpment of the rift valley rises to 800 m above Sake . The lava comes from the volcanoes Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo , 25 km northwest , and numerous smaller volcanic cones which are fed by fissures from these volcanoes . A number of cones can be seen in satellite photographs 7 -- 8 km east of Sake . They also show that lava flows in recent years have covered parts of the road to Goma ( National Road No. 2 ) and have reached the lake , cutting off the bay in which Sake is located , to form a small lake of less than 1 square km . The adjacent bay , which is about 40 km ² in size , has almost been cut off by the lava and only a 160 m wide channel remains to connect it to the main body of Lake Kivu . Sake has hosted Rwandans during the Great Lakes refugee crisis of the mid-1990s and Goma residents fleeing the 2002 eruption of Mount Nyiragongo . Deadly battles between the government military and forces led by Laurent Nkunda led thousands of residents of Sake to flee in August 2006 . On 25 November 2006 , fifteen to twenty thousands fled battles between Nkunda forces and the DRC army in an offensive waged by the former in the area of Sake . The fighting took place nearly a day before the Supreme Court was to rule on the outcome of the highly contested 2006 presidential run-off . The fighting appear to have dissipated the following morning . Sake has also been home to the UN Force Intervention Brigade since July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188be920bf9234e8c666830e8f7a2606", "text": "List of companies of Tanzania Tanzania is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . The country has the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa . It is largely dependent on agriculture for employment , accounting for about half of the employed workforce . An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty . The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985 . Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began , GDP per capita dropped sharply at first , and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb7addfda60f2b443fda183abc118a5a", "text": "Aba, Democratic Republic of the Congo Aba is a city in the northeast of Orientale Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ; it is near the border with South Sudan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d772962fa8b8e5d5921b3b140c5937", "text": "Water crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ) has Africa 's largest freshwater resources , it is suffering from an acute drinking water supply crisis . The country has one of the lowest rates of access to drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa . Only 46 percent of the population had access to an improved drinking water source in 2012 . Furthermore , the sanitation coverage was estimated at only 31 percent in 2012 . Up to date and accurate information on water supply and sanitation services in the DRC is scarce . As a result of inadequate water supply and sanitation services , many inhabitants are suffering from waterborne diseases , including diarrhea , typhoid , and cholera . The current water crisis is a result of the deteriorated state of the water infrastructure due to underinvestment in the water sector and conflict-related destruction as well as the rapid growth of the population , which was estimated at 4 percent in urban areas and 2.5 percent in rural areas by the World Bank in 2009 . Overall , the DRC 's water supply and sanitation sector is characterized by several overlapping and conflicting institutional jurisdictions . Therefore , the water crisis in the DRC can be categorized as an economic water scarcity problem , hindering development in the country . Article 48 of the 2006 Constitution of the DRC recognizes the human right to water . The rehabilitation and development of the water sector is a priority to which the national government committed itself in the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategies and to which it agreed as part of the international framework of the UN Millennium Development Goals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a6244bb551631d8ce75504591777cda", "text": "Hippocrates Hippocrates of Kos ( -LSB- hɪˈpɒkrəˌtiːz -RSB- Ἱπποκράτης Hippokrátēs ; 460 -- 370 BC ) , also known as Hippocrates II , was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles ( Classical Greece ) , and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine . He is referred to as the `` Father of Modern Medicine '' in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine . This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece , establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated ( theurgy and philosophy ) , thus establishing medicine as a profession . However , the achievements of the writers of the Corpus , the practitioners of Hippocratic medicine , and the actions of Hippocrates himself were often commingled ; thus very little is known about what Hippocrates actually thought , wrote , and did . Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician , and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath , still relevant and in use today . He is also credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine , summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools , and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Corpus and other works .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7ecc814976da0a4fb71c25ad8e5dec54", "text": "Ludolf von Krehl Albrecht Ludolf von Krehl ( December 26 , 1861 -- May 26 , 1937 ) was a German internist and physiologist who was a native of Leipzig . He was the son of Orientalist Christoph Krehl ( 1825 -- 1901 ) He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Leipzig , and later was an assistant to Ernst Leberecht Wagner ( 1829 -- 1888 ) and Heinrich Curschmann ( 1846 -- 1910 ) at the medical clinic in Leipzig . In 1888 he obtained his habilitation , becoming head of the medical clinic at Jena in 1892 . In 1899 he became director of the clinic at the University of Marburg , and soon afterwards served as professor of special pathology and therapy of internal diseases in Greifswald ( 1900 -- 02 ) . From 1902 to 1904 he was a professor at the University of Tübingen , and in 1904 he succeeded Bernhard Naunyn ( 1839 -- 1925 ) at the University of Strasbourg . While at Strasbourg , he provided the necessary facilities to Albert Fraenkel ( 1864 -- 1938 ) for the latter 's testing of intravenous strophanthin . From 1907 until 1932 he was a professor and director of the medical clinic at the University of Heidelberg . One of his better known assistants at Heidelberg was Viktor von Weizsäcker ( 1886 -- 1957 ) . Krehl made contributions in the field of cardiac pathology and in his research of metabolic diseases . Also , he admired the psychoanalytic work of Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer , and had a keen interest in psychopathological aspects of disease from an individualized , psychosomatic standpoint . Among his written works was a landmark textbook on pathological physiology that laid a scientific basis for clinical medicine . This textbook was first published in 1893 as Grundriß der allgemeinen klinischen Pathologie ( Later known as Pathologische Physiologie ) , and eventually ran to fourteen editions . Krehl was a catalyst behind the founding of the `` Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research '' , which today is known as the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97cb027df7fb700792da3812be40d584", "text": "List of ancient Western doctors This is an alphabetical list of writers from Ancient Greece and Rome who were doctors , or have left us material that contributes to our knowledge of ancient medicine . In some cases their names look familiar but are not the same as their famous homonyms ( thus earning them an epithet ) . Aulus Cornelius Celsus ( 1st century AD ) Adamantius Judaeus ( 4th century ) Aegimus Aëtius Amidenus ( 6th century ) Agathinus ( 1st century AD ) Aglaïs Poet . ( physician ) ( 1st century AD ) Aias/Abas ( 5th-4th century BC ) Alexander Trallianus ( 6th century AD ) Andromachus ( physician ) ( 1st century AD ) Antipater ( 1st-century BC physician ) ( 1st century BC ) Antipater ( 2nd-century physician ) ( 2nd century AD ) Antiphanes of Delos ( in or before 2nd century AD ) Antonius Castor ( 2nd century AD ) Apollonius of Citium ( 1st century BC ) Apollonius ( physician ) ( 3rd century BC ) Archigenes ( 2nd century AD ) Aretaeus ( 2nd century AD ) Aristotle ( 4th century BC ) Asclepiades Pharmacion ( 1st-2nd century AD ) Asclepiades of Bithynia ( 2nd-1st century BC ) Athenaeus of Cilicia ( 1st century BC ) Aulus Gellius ( 2nd century AD ) Bolus of Mendes ( 3rd century BC ) Caelius Aurelianus ( 5th century ) Cassius Felix ( 3rd century ) Charixenus ( 2nd century AD ) Crateuas ( physician ) ( 2nd century BC ) Criton of Heraclea ( 1st-2nd century AD ) Ctesias ( 5th century BC ) Damocrates ( 1st century AD ) Demetrius of Apamea Dexippus of Cos Dieuches Diocles of Carystus Dioscorides ( 1st century AD ) Erasistratus ( 3rd century BC ) Erotianus ( 1st century AD ) Eudemus ( physician ) Euthydemus ( physician ) Fronto Galen ( 2nd century AD ) Gargilius Martialis ( 3rd century ) Harpocratio ( 1st-2nd century AD ) Heliodorus ( 1st-2nd century AD ) Heraclas Heraclides of Tarentum ( 1st century BC ) Herodotus ( physician ) ( 1st century AD ) Herophilus ( 3rd century BC ) Hicesius ( physician ) ( 1st century BC ) Hippocrates ( Hippocratic Corpus ) ( 5th century BC ) Joannes Actuarius L. Annaeus Seneca Leonidas ( physician ) ( 1st-2nd century AD ) M. Porcius Cato Marcellinus ( physician ) ( 2nd century ? AD ) Marcellus of Side ( 2nd century AD ) Meges of Sidon ( 1st century AD ) Meletius Menemachus ( 1st century AD ) Mnesitheus of Athens ( 3rd century BC ) Mnesitheus of Cyzicus Nepualius ( Neptunalius , Neptunianus ) Niger , Sextius Oribasius ( 4th century ) Ovid ( 1st century AD ) Palladius ( physician ) Paulus Aegineta ( 7th century ) Phasias of Tenedos Philagrius of Epirus ( 3rd-4th century ) Philinus of Cos ( 3rd century BC ) Philistion of Locri ( 5th-4th century BC ) Philo Tarsensis Philotimus Philoxenus ( physician ) ( 3rd century BC ) Philumenus ( 3rd century AD ) Phylotimus Pliny the Elder ( 1st century AD ) Plistonicus Plutarch ( 2nd century AD ) Posidonius ( 3rd-4th century ) Praxagoras of Cos ( 4th century BC ) Serenus Sammonicus Rufus of Ephesus ( 2nd century AD ) Scribonius Largus ( 1st century AD ) Serapion ( 3rd century BC ) Severus ( physician ) ( 4th century AD ) Sextus Empiricus Soranus of Ephesus ( 2nd century AD ) Stephanus Med . ( 7th century ) Stephanus , Phil ( 7th century ) Themison of Laodicea ( 1st century BC ) Theon Gymnasiarcha Theophilus Protospatharius Theophrastus Thessalus of Tralles ( 1st century AD ) Thrasymachus of Sardis Timotheus of Metapontion Xenocrates of Aphrodisias ( 1st century AD ) Zopyrus ( physician ) ( 1st century AD ) * Doctors , ancient * * Western", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c26b50ecfefec564d1cfd936cc3cecf5", "text": "Zeno (physician) Zeno ( or Zenon , Ζήνων 3rd and 2nd centuries BC ) was a Greek physician . He was one of the most eminent of the followers of Herophilus , whom Galen calls `` no ordinary man , '' and who is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been better able to think than to write . He lived probably at the end of the 3rd and beginning of the 2nd centuries BC , as he was a contemporary of Apollonius Empiricus , with whom he carried on a controversy concerning the meaning of certain marks that are found at the end of some of the chapters of the third book of the Epidemics of Hippocrates . He gave particular attention to the materia medica , and is perhaps the physician whose medical formulae are quoted by Galen , in which case he must have been a native of Laodicea . He is mentioned in several other passages by Galen , and also by Erotianus ; perhaps also by Pliny , Caelius Aurelianus , Alexander of Aphrodisias , and Rufus of Ephesus , but this is uncertain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78da73c357cef5283a286c7199c192d8", "text": "George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield George Parker , 2nd Earl of Macclesfield , PRS ( c. 1695 or 1697 -- 17 March 1764 ) was an English peer and astronomer . Styled Viscount Parker from 1721 to 1732 , he was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Wallingford from 1722 to 1727 , but his interests were not in politics . In 1722 he became a fellow of the Royal Society , and he spent most of his time in astronomical observations at his Oxfordshire seat , Shirburn Castle , which had been bought by his father in 1716 ; here he built an observatory and a chemical laboratory . He was very prominent in effecting the changeover to the Gregorian calendar , which came into effect in 1752 . His action in this matter , however , was somewhat unpopular , as the opinion was fairly general that he had robbed the people of eleven days . When his son ran for parliament as a Whig in 1754 , resentment over his role in the calendar reform was one of many issues raised by the son 's Tory opponents ; a famous 1755 Hogarth painting influenced by the events of these elections is the main historical source for the `` Give us our eleven days '' slogan . From 1752 until his death , Macclesfield was president of the Royal Society , and he made some observations on the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake . In 1750 Macclesfield was offered the honorary position of vice president of the Foundling Hospital , which he accepted and kept until his death in 1764 . The Foundling Hospital was a charitable institution created a decade earlier , dedicated to saving London 's abandoned children . The Earl seems to have taken his position seriously , as he commissioned the artist Benjamin Wilson to paint a full size portrait of him , which he then donated to the Hospital . The portrait is still in the Foundling Hospital Collection and available to view at the Foundling Museum . In 1755 , Parker was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . He also was a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1ecd869f7273bad4cc2c9985484327", "text": "List of Heidelberg University people Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines , and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers , poets , jurisprudents , theologians , natural and social scientists . 56 Nobel Laureates , at least 18 Leibniz Laureates , and two `` Oscar '' winners have been associated with Heidelberg University . Nine Nobel Laureates received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg . Besides several Federal Ministers of Germany and Prime Ministers of German States , five Chancellors of Germany have attended the university , the latest being Helmut Kohl , the `` Chancellor of the Reunification '' . Heads of State or Government of Belgium , Bulgaria , Greece , Nicaragua , Serbia , Thailand , a British Crown Prince , a Secretary General of NATO and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg ; among them Nobel Peace Laureates Charles Albert Gobat and Auguste Beernaert . Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II , Cardinals , Bishops , and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus two key leaders of Protestant Reformation . Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a President of the International Court of Justice , two Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights , a President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , a Vice President of the International Criminal Court , an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice , at least 16 Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany , a President of the Federal Court of Justice , a President of the Federal Court of Finance , a President of the Federal Labor Court , two Attorney Generals of Germany , and a British Law Lord . In business , Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded , co-founded or presided over ABB Group ; Astor corporate enterprises ; BASF ; BDA ; Daimler AG ; Deutsche Bank ; EADS ; Krupp AG ; Siemens AG ; and Thyssen AG . Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer Robert Schumann , philosophers Ludwig Feuerbach and Edmund Montgomery , poet Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff and writers Christian Friedrich Hebbel , Gottfried Keller , Irene Frisch , Heinrich Hoffmann , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , José Rizal , W. Somerset Maugham , Jean Paul , and Literature Nobel Laureate Carl Spitteler . Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the `` Father of Psychology '' Wilhelm Wundt , the `` Father of Physical Chemistry '' J. Willard Gibbs , the `` Father of American Anthropology '' Franz Boas , Dmitri Mendeleev , who created the periodic table of elements , inventor of the two-wheeler principle Karl Drais , Alfred Wegener , who discovered the continental drift , as well as political theorist Hannah Arendt , political scientist Carl Joachim Friedrich , and sociologists Karl Mannheim , Robert E. Park and Talcott Parsons . Philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Jaspers , Hans-Georg Gadamer , and Jürgen Habermas served as university professors , as did also the pioneering scientists Hermann von Helmholtz , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , the founder of scientific psychiatry , and outstanding social scientists such as Max Weber , the founding father of modern sociology . Present faculty include Medicine Nobel Laureates Bert Sakmann ( 1991 ) and Harald zur Hausen ( 2008 ) , Chemistry Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell ( 2014 ) , 7 Leibniz Laureates , former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Paul Kirchhof , and Rüdiger Wolfrum , the former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd0b095df92e1dbbd024dcbb282dbb8c", "text": "Philonides (physician) Philonides was the name of two physicians in the time of Ancient Greece and Rome : A physician of Catana in Sicily , the tutor of Paccius Antiochus , who lived about the beginning of the 1st century . He is probably the physician who is quoted by Dioscorides , and said by him to have been a native of Enna in Sicily ; by Erotianus ; and also by Galen , who refers to his eighteenth book , Περὶ Ἰατρικῆς , De Medicina . A physician of Dyrrachium in Illyricum , who was a pupil of Asclepiades of Bithynia in the 1st century BC , practised in his own country with some reputation , and wrote as many as 45 books . One of these physicians wrote a work , Περὶ μύρων καὶ Στεφάνων , De Unguentis et Coronis , which is quoted by Athenaeus , and one on Pharmacy quoted by Andromachus , and by Marcellus Empiricus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fcf433d88313eee5438386db47b6e07", "text": "Eurocrat A Eurocrat ( a portmanteau of `` European '' and `` bureaucrat '' ) is `` a staff member of the administrative commission of the European Union '' or more broadly , any official of the European Union . The term was coined by Richard Mayne , a journalist and personal assistant to the first Commission president , Walter Hallstein , in 1961 . There are three main types of Eurocrats . First , Political Appointees , such as the European Commissioners , the Members of the European parliament . Secondly there are fonctionnaires , these are the permanent staff which form the majority of the European institutions . There are two categories of fonctionnaires Assistants and Administrators . Assistants perform a `` secretarial '' roles while administrators perform more policy or managerial responsibilities . The third category is the contractual agents . Contractual agents do not have an employment contract with the same conditions as the fonctionnaires . Their first job contract is limited in duration , however after several renewals this can be extended permanently . Eurocrats come from all member states of the European Union . EPSO is the main body which selects staff for recruitment to the European Institutions . Nowadays the term Eurocrat has come to encompass staff from all EU Institutions and not only staff from the European Commission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03088ef7e5af4463cc89bcbd2b3b21f9", "text": "Hippias Hippias of Elis ( -LSB- ˈhɪpiəs -RSB- Ἱππίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος late 5th century BC ) was a Greek sophist , and a contemporary of Socrates . With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists , he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects , and lectured on poetry , grammar , history , politics , mathematics , and much else . Most of our knowledge of him is derived from Plato , who characterizes him as vain and arrogant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0d7ae49600459234c3ab8c23068409", "text": "William John Hancock William John Hancock D.Sc . ( Hon ) , MIEE , MICE , LRCP ( 2 May 1864 -- 26 August 1931 ) was an Australian of Irish descent , an electrical engineer , telephone pioneer and pioneer in X-rays in the colony of Western Australia . He was honorary radiologist for Perth Hospital and Base Hospital in Fremantle . His list of credentials and accomplishments include M.I.E.E. , Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , M.I.C.E. , Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers , L.R.C.P. , Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and D.Sc . ( Honorary ) . In the colonies of Australia , the medical men of the day took a slow approach in the adoption of the new science that involved x-rays . Many of the early demonstrations were made by investigators outside the medical field . Upon examination of the initial investigators , several key factors were common . The individuals had already either been experimenting along similar lines to Wilhelm Röntgen with Crookes tubes and such , the physicists or scientists , or were actively associated with electrical work , the electricians , which made them particularly receptive to the technical appeal of the new science of x-rays . Records of the events reveal that among the medical men who witnessed the first images produced as radiographs , a rather small number had any great desire to employ X-rays directly in their own medical practice . After the early investigative work of Thomas Ranken Lyle , William Henry Bragg , Joseph Patrick Slattery , and others , almost all medical men were satisfied with soliciting the services of the external X-ray man when necessity arose for skiagraphs to be produced . As the utilization of x-rays became more acceptable , the involvement of electricians began to decline . As the hospitals started to be equipped with x-ray apparatus and installations under the care of radiologists and radiographers , the medical men began to accept the eventuality of the new technology . Up to this point , the private experimenters and investigators continued to be the initiators of new ideas for the medical profession in this new field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43cf873736a364db0db91d20ea0d7f5c", "text": "Pneumatic school The Pneumatic school of medicine ( Pneumatics , or Pneumatici , Πνευματικοί ) was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome . They were founded in Rome by Athenaeus of Cilicia , in the 1st century AD . The Roman era was a time when the Methodic school had enjoyed its greatest reputation , from which the Pneumatic school differed principally in that , instead of the mixture of primitive atoms , they adopted an active principle of immaterial nature , pneuma , or spirit . This principle was the cause of health and disease . It is from Galen that we learn the doctrines of the founder of the Pneumatic school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd65f85e14f1b611e328787881317c", "text": "Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh The Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh was a now defunct learned society which was based in Edinburgh , Scotland `` for the cultivation of the physical sciences '' . The society was founded in 1771 as the Physico-Chirurgical Society but soon after changed its name to the Physical Society . After being granted a Royal Charter in 1778 it became the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh . It absorbed a number of other societies over the next fifty years , including the Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1782 ( not to be confused with the modern Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh , founded in 1821 ) , the American Physical Society in 1796 ( not to be confused with the modern American Physical Society , founded in 1899 ) , the Hibernian Medical Society in 1799 , the Chemical Society in 1803 , the Natural History Society in 1812 and the Didactic Society in 1813 . The society occupied a lecture hall in Nicholson Street , Edinburgh complete with library . It published a regular journal , Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh , between 1854 and 1965 devoted to articles on experimental biology and natural history . Members of the society were known as Fellows and permitted to use the postnomial FRPSE . Presidents were elected at intervals , sometimes more than one for each year . Some of the records of the Society ( 1828-1884 ) are now managed by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dbe9c04fa01530106c781328070043d", "text": "Therapeutae The Therapeutae were a Jewish sect which flourished in Alexandria and other parts of the Diaspora of Hellenistic Judaism in the final years of the Second Temple period . The primary source concerning the Therapeutae is the account De vita contemplativa ( `` The Contemplative Life '' ) , purportedly by the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria ( c. 20 BCE -- 50 CE ) . The authorship has been called into question because of the different stance on Greek philosophy of this work from that of other works that were written by Philo and because elsewhere Philo makes no mention of the Therapeutae although this article will refer to the author as Philo . The author appears to have been personally acquainted with them . The pseudepigraphic Testament of Job is possibly also a Therapeutae text , although this possibility is mostly based on the text being noticeably less misogynist than many other early apocryphal texts . Philo records that they were `` philosophers '' ( cf. I. 2 ) and speaks specifically about a group that lived on a low hill by the Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria in circumstances resembling lavrite life ( cf. III .22 ) , and were `` the best '' of a kind given to `` perfect goodness '' that `` exists in many places in the inhabited world '' ( cf. III .21 ) . Philo was unsure of the origin of the name and derives the name Therapeutae/Therapeutides from Greek θεραπεύω in the sense of `` cure '' or `` worship '' ( cf. I. 2 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa9d1b43be80f9fc0363af03e7c500e0", "text": "Vaidya Vaidya ( Sanskrit : वैद्य ) is a Sanskrit word meaning `` physician '' . It is also used unchanged in modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi . It was and is used generally in India to refer to a person who practises ayurveda , an indigenous Indian system of medicine . Senior practitioners or teachers were called Vaidyarāja `` physician-king '' as a mark of respect.Some practioners who had complete knowledge of the texts and were excellent at their practices were known as '' Pranaacharya '' . Some royal families in India had a personal vaidya in attendance and these people were referred to as Rāja Vaidya `` the king 's physician '' In the classical text , Charakh Sahinta ( Chapter 29 of Sutrasthan ) the term Vaidya is classified into 2 types : 1 . Pranabhisar Vaidya - the ones who protect the lives by curing diseases and exhibits complete knowledge theoretically ae well as practically . 2 . Rogabhisar Vaidya-the ones who does n't have complete knowledge and due to lack of knowledge danger the lives of patient .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac86eac307522f072b00f6fb7c6b0f70", "text": "Body politic The body politic is a metaphor that regards a nation as a corporate entity , likened to a human body . Here the word `` politic '' is a postpositive adjective : this is `` a body of a politic nature '' , rather than `` a politic of a bodily nature '' . A body politic comprises all the people in a particular country , considered as a single group . The analogy typically includes reference to the top of the government as head of state , though the analogy may also be extended to other anatomical parts , as in political readings of Aesop 's fable of `` The Belly and the Members '' . A later European reference to the concept appears in The Book of the Body Politic ( 1407 ) by poet and court writer Christine de Pizan , in which she admits having borrowed the concept from a letter of Plutarch 's to the Roman Emperor Trajan but does not mention John of Salisbury 's work , Policraticus . The metaphor appears in the French language as the corps-état . The metaphor was elaborated in the Renaissance , and subsequently , as medical knowledge based on Galen was challenged by thinkers such as William Harvey . Analogies were drawn between supposed causes of disease and disorder and their equivalents in the political field , viewed as plagues or infections that might be remedied with purges and nostrums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2ad2af1e2f65db3f42169502812eaf", "text": "Germain Sée Germain Sée ( February 6 , 1818 -- May 12 , 1896 ) was a French clinician who was a native of Ribeauvillé , Haut-Rhin . He studied medicine in Paris , obtaining his doctorate in 1846 with a dissertation on ergotism ( `` Recherches sur les propriétés du seigle ergoté et de ses principes constituants '' ) . In 1852 he became a physician of hospitals in Paris , and subsequently worked at La Rochefoucauld ( from 1857 ) , Beaujon ( from 1861 ) , Pitié ( from 1862 ) and Charité ( from 1868 ) hospitals . In 1866 he succeeded Armand Trousseau as chair of therapeutics at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris , and in 1876 attained the chair of clinical medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris . Sée specialized in the study of lung and cardiovascular diseases . He also made contributions in his research of chorea and its association with rheumatic disorders . He conducted extensive studies of various drugs , being an advocate of antipyrine as a general analgesic , and sodium salicylate for treatment of acute rheumatism . Among his writings were the multi-volume `` Médecine clinique '' , a work that he co-authored with Frédéric Labadie-Lagrave , and `` Leçons de pathologie expérimentale '' , a book on experimental pathology that was edited by Maurice Raynaud . His `` Des maladies spécifiques , non tuberculeuses , du poumon '' was later translated into English and published with the title `` Diseases of the lungs ( of a specific not tuberculous nature ) '' ( 1885 ) . In 1869 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89209c96220974ada147d43891d1c5a", "text": "Charles B Macgibbon Charles B Macgibbon played an important role in developing the hospital pharmacy profession in Australia . He was the Chief Pharmacist at the Royal Melbourne Hospital from 1938 . At this time there were only 36 hospital pharmacists in the Victorian hospital system and there was virtually no collaboration between them . Charles realised that by joining together , hospital pharmacists in Victoria could strengthen the profession and contribute to better quality pharmacy services . Charles and Fred J. Boyd actively worked to create a society for hospital pharmacists . In 1941 he became the founding president of the Society of Hospital Pharmaceutical Chemists ( Victorian Division ) which was the forerunner to The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia . During Charles ' time as president of the Society , he advocated strongly to ensure hospital appointed pharmacists and that patients had access to safe medicines . During World War II , Charles was appointed hospital representative of the Australian War Pharmacopoeia . The Australian War Pharmacopoeia was produced because of a need to find new ways to produce old drugs during war rationing . It was also produced after the Australian Health Minister was frustrated with waiting for the British Medical Association to create one . An extract from the pharmacopoeia explains : ` The present War has caused irregularities in the supply of certain drugs and difficulties now experienced in obtaining branded articles may increase . This publication was therefore produced ... to help physicians by suggesting alternatives when a substance commonly prescribed by him is temporarily unobtainable . ' In 1950 he successfully fought on behalf of hospital pharmacists for the right for patients to have access to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme as both inpatients and outpatients of hospitals . In 1963 he was the second recipient of the Evans Medal for Merit for his work to progress professionalism of hospital pharmacists over many years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92360f0bf1c6abf41a094d332412c31f", "text": "Polycrates (sophist) Polycrates ( c.440-370 B.C. - flourished 4th century ) was a sophist of Athens , who later retired to Cyprus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3257521758498adff01d79f57dde0fb0", "text": "Mithridate Mithridate , also known as mithridatium , mithridatum , or mithridaticum , is a semi-mythical remedy with as many as 65 ingredients , used as an antidote for poisoning , and said to be created by Mithradates VI Eupator of Pontus in the 1st century BC . It was one of the most complex , highly sought-after drugs during the Middle Ages and Renaissance , particularly in Italy and France , where it was in continual use for centuries . An updated recipe called theriac ( Theriacum Andromachi ) was known well into the 19th century . Mithridate takes its name from its inventor , Mithradates VI , King of Pontus ( 134 to 63 BC ) who is said to have so fortified his body against poisons with antidotes and preservatives , that when he tried to kill himself , he could not find any poison that would have an effect , and , according to some legends , had to ask a soldier to run him through with a sword . The recipe for the reputed antidote was found in his cabinet , written with his own hand , and was carried to Rome by Pompey . It was translated into Latin by Pompey 's freedman Lenaeus , and later improved upon by Nero 's physician Andromachus and Marcus Aurelius 's physician Galen . It likely underwent considerable alterations since the time of Mithradates . In the Middle Ages , mithridate was also used as part of a regimen to ward off potential threats of plague . According to Simon Kellwaye ( 1593 ) , one should `` take a great Onyon , make a hole in the myddle of him , then fill the place with Mitridat or Triacle , and some leaues of Rue '' . Until as late as 1786 , physicians in London could officially prescribe mithridate . According to historian Christopher Hill , Oliver Cromwell took a large dose of mithridate as a precaution against the plague and found it cured his acne . The term mithridate has come to refer to any generally all-purpose antidote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abbbd166e0276670f3ef7378918cc1f1", "text": "François Carlo Antommarchi Dr François Carlo Antommarchi ( 5 July 1780 in Morsiglia , Corsica -- 4 March 1838 in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba ) was Napoleon 's physician from 1818 to his death in 1821 . He began his studies in Livorno , Italy , and later earned the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine at the University of Pisa in March 1808 . Antommarchi then went to Florence , Italy , and was attached to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova.Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomy at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova Antommarchi earned the diploma of Surgeon in 1812 from the University of Florence ( i.e. Imperial University ) and was appointed by its president as Prosector . While in this capacity , Antommarchi worked under Paolo Mascagni ( 1752 -- 1815 ) starting on 7 July 1813 . Antommarchi left Florence for Saint Helena to become Napoleon I 's physician until his death . Antommarchi took up this position at the behest of Napoleon 's mother Maria Letizia Ramolino and his uncle Cardinal Joseph Fesch . Antommarchi received a letter of employment on 19 December 1818 . Antommarchi was sent to St. Helena in replacement of Dr Barry Edward O'Meara as Napoleon 's personal physician , because the illustrious captive would not agree to accept medical officers such as Dr Alexander Baxter or Dr James Roch Verling , who were proposed to him by his custodian , or `` gaoler '' , sir Hudson Lowe . However , Napoleon was not so impressed by Antommarchi 's medical skills and even dismissed him from his service a couple of times , only to let him resume his duty soon after . In the last moments of illness , Antommarchi was assisted by Dr Archibald Arnott , who was accepted by Napoleon at the pressing demands from his two officers , Count Montholon and Grand-Marshal Bertrand . After Napoleon 's death , Antommarchi wrote The Last Moments of Napoleon where he concluded that Napoleon died of stomach cancer . In 1831 Antommarchi went to Poland and became the general inspector of Polish hospitals during November Uprising where he assisted the Polish people in an uprising against the Russians . He fled to Paris to escape the czar 's forces . Antommarchi then immigrated to Louisiana where he donated the bronze death mask of Napoleon to the people of New Orleans in 1834 . Antommarchi lived in Veracruz , Mexico , for a brief period , and was employed there as an itinerant physician . He moved from Mexico and settled in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba , where he again worked as a physician . The move to Cuba was prompted by Antommarchi seeking his cousin Antonio Juan Benjamin Antommarchi , who made his fortune in coffee plantations . Antommarchi became adept at performing surgery for the removal of cataracts . He died in Cuba , of yellow fever , on 3 April 1838 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c1b77719a46b2f7d5028a54c5bd468", "text": "Imperial Highness His/Her Imperial Highness ( abbreviation HIH ) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial -- as opposed to royal -- status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King ( compare His/Her Royal Highness ) . The first dynasty to use the style on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century ; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire . With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804 their style was changed to that of Imperial and Royal Highness . Today , the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the . In the past , the style has been applied to more senior members of imperial dynasties , including the French , Turkish , Russian , and Ethiopian imperial houses , among many others . Archdukes of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty held the style of Imperial and Royal Highness ( Kaiserliche und königliche Hoheit ) , with the `` Royal '' signifying their status as Princes of Hungary and Bohemia . They were also addressed as `` Imperial Highness '' ( Kaiserliche Hoheit ) . Members of the British royal family , theoretically , as the imperial family of India could have used the title , but did not . Category : Styles ( manners of address ) es : Tratamientos protocolares de la monarquía", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "936e15e1e60376870eaa680e21e48920", "text": "Richard III of England Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 , at the age of 32 , in the Battle of Bosworth Field . He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty . His defeat at Bosworth Field , the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses , marked the end of the Middle Ages in England . He is the subject of the historical play Richard III by William Shakespeare . When his brother King Edward IV died in April 1483 , Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward 's son and successor , the 12-year-old Edward V . As the young king travelled to London from Ludlow , Richard met and escorted him to lodgings in the Tower of London , where Edward V 's own brother Richard of Shrewsbury joined him shortly afterwards . Arrangements were made for Edward 's coronation on 22 June 1483 ; but , before the young king could be crowned , his father 's marriage to his mother Elizabeth Woodville was declared invalid , making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne . On 25 June , an assembly of Lords and commoners endorsed the claims . The following day , Richard III began his reign , and he was crowned on 6 July 1483 . The young princes were not seen in public after August , and accusations circulated that the boys had been murdered on Richard 's orders , giving rise to the legend of the Princes in the Tower . There were two major rebellions against Richard . The first , in October 1483 , was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard 's former ally , Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; but the revolt collapsed . In August 1485 , Henry Tudor and his uncle , Jasper Tudor , led a second rebellion . Henry Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace , Pembrokeshire , recruiting soldiers . Henry 's force engaged Richard 's army and defeated it at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire . Richard was struck down in the conflict , making him the last English king to die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold Godwinson ( who was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) . Henry then ascended the throne as Henry VII . After the battle Richard 's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp . His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation , and his remains were lost for more than five centuries , believed to have been thrown into the River Soar . In 2012 , an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church . The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating , comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance , and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III 's eldest sister , Anne of York . Richard 's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c48e1ee4f18f7a6761b813d4faec7f81", "text": "Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 . Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray . He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9efc987f2f2d2731ef523e0cdc400b9", "text": "Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 . Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold . On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée . The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above . In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there . It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3721e63f779c54d62eabf18458ac8282", "text": "Jean III de Grailly, captal de Buch Sir Jean III de Grailly , Captal de Buch KG ( d. Paris , 7 September 1376 ) , son of Jean II de Grailly , Captal de Buch , Vicomte de Benauges , and Blanch de Foix , was a cousin of the Counts of Foix and a military leader in the Hundred Years ' War who was praised by the chronicler Jean Froissart as an ideal of chivalry . Attached to the English side in the conflict , he was made Count of Bigorre by Edward III of England , and was also a founder and the fourth Knight of the Garter in 1348 . He played a decisive role as a cavalry leader under Edward , the Black Prince in the Battle of Poitiers ( 1356 ) , with de Buch leading a flanking move against the French that resulted in the capture of the king of France ( John II ) , as well as many of his nobles . John was taken to London by the Black Prince and held to ransom . In 1364 he commanded the forces of Charles II of Navarre in Normandy , where he was defeated and captured by Bertrand du Guesclin at Cocherel . After his release the following year , he defected to the French side and was made lord of Nemours by Charles V of France . However , he soon re-established his loyalty to the English , and in 1367 he went to Spain with the Black Prince , fighting at the Battle of Nájera . Here he again faced Bertrand du Guesclin , but this time it was du Guesclin who was captured , and the Captal was put in charge of the prisoner . He was rewarded for his service by being made the Constable of Aquitaine in 1371 . Again fighting for the English , he commanded an English relief force when the French attacked La Rochelle in 1372 . While attempting to lift the siege of Soubise his force was surprised by a French force led by Owain Lawgoch , a Welsh soldier of fortune in the French service . The Captal and Sir Thomas Percy , seneschal of Poitou , were captured . The Captal spent the remainder of his life as a prisoner at the Temple in Paris because Charles V believed him too dangerous to ransom back to the English . Froissart gives an account of the Captal de Buch 's chivalry and courage at the time of the peasant uprising in 1358 called the Jacquerie ( see link ) . Jean de Grailly was a prisoner of the French since 1372 . He had refused his freedom as it would have meant taking up arms against the king of England , which he swore never to do . His personal allegiance to Prince Edward of England , the Black Prince , was so strong that upon hearing of his death , he lost all resolve , refused food and died a few days later . Since he left no heirs from his marriage to Rose d' Albret , his uncle , Archambaud , count of Foix and of Bigorre took the title Captal de Buch , which passed to his descendants the Counts of Foix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe7eafe7002118de53e42adcbdae585", "text": "Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex Richard de Clare ( after 1281 -- 10 May 1318 ) 1st Lord Clare was the son of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald . A descendant of Strongbow , he succeeded his older brother , Gilbert , in 1308 as Lord of Thomond . In 1309 , and then again between 1312 and 1316 , he was sheriff of Cork . Forced to put down a number of rebellions , he was eventually killed while commanding his forces at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea near what is now Ennis , County Clare . According to legend , the day before his death , Richard de Clare beheld a woman dressed in white on the river 's edge washing bloody clothing and armor . When he asked whose clothes they were , she replied , `` yours , '' and then vanished . This woman was believed to be a banshee foretelling his death the next day when he lay dead with his clothes caked in blood on the battlefield of Dysert O'Dea ( Lewis Spence , The Magical Arts in Celtic Britain 81 ( 1999 ) ) . Richard was succeeded by his son Thomas , who was born in 1318 and died three years later . A series of inquisitions post mortem that were held following a writ issued on 10 April 1321 established that Thomas ' heirs were his father 's sisters ; Margaret , the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Maud , the wife of Sir Robert de Welle . As well as stewardship of the Forest of Essex , Thomas ' estate included numerous properties in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c72173919d4e8bb7e8a6780dee567b", "text": "House of Artois The House of Artois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty , descended from Louis VIII the Lion , King of France , through his younger son , Robert ( 1216 † 1250 ) . Robert received the County of Artois as appanage in his father 's will . In 1297 , Robert II , Count of Artois , was one of three Capetian princes to be added to the peerage of France . On his death in 1302 , the county was claimed by his daughter Mahaut and his paternal grandson Robert III . The Parlement of Paris ruled in favor of Mahaut , and Robert III was given the lordship of Beaumont-le-Roger as compensation . Robert later lost his lands by producing false documents in support of his claims in the Artois suit . The county of Artois was inherited by Mahaut 's descendants , who married into the House of Burgundy , another branch of the Capetian dynasty . The sons of Robert III received French titles and fought in the Hundred Years War against the English . The House of Artois became extinct in the male line in 1472 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3be893ce156dd40d2dbce75a3d296f", "text": "Conseil du Roi The Conseil du Roi ( -LSB- kɔ̃sɛj dy ʁwa -RSB- ; French for `` The King 's Council '' ) , also known as the is a general term for the administrative and governmental apparatus around the king of France during the Ancien Régime designed to prepare his decisions and give him advice . It should not be confused with the role and title of a `` Conseil du Roi '' , a type of public prosecutor in the French legal system at the same period . One of the established principles of the French monarchy was that the king could not act without the advice of his council . Under Charles V , it was put forward that the king made decisions only after `` good and careful deliberation '' ( bonne et mûre délibération ) , and this principle was maintained by his successors ; the closing formula of royal acts `` le roi en son conseil '' expressed this deliberative aspect . Even during the period of French absolutism , the expression `` car tel est notre bon plaisir '' ( `` because such is our pleasure '' ) applied to royal decisions made with consultation . The administration of the French state in the early modern period went through a long evolution , as a truly administrative apparatus -- relying on old nobility , newer chancellor nobility ( `` noblesse de robe '' ) and administrative professionals -- substituted the feudal clientel system . The exact divisions and names of these councils varied over time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9145a1afd5b292455874b1a77f72a9e", "text": "William Peverel the Younger William `` the Younger '' Peverel ( c. 1080 -- 1155 ) was the son of William Peverel . He lived in Nottingham , England . He married Avicia de Lancaster ( 1088 -- c. 1150 ) in La Marche , Normandy , France . She was the daughter of William de Lancaster I and Countess Gundred de Warenne , daughter of William de Warenne , 2nd Earl of Surrey . In 1114 , she bore a daughter , Margaret Peverel . Another member of his family , Maude Peverel ( a sister or daughter ) was - by 1120 - the first wife of Robert fitz Martin . William inherited the Honour of Peverel . He was a principal supporter of King Stephen , and a commander in the Battle of the Standard . He was captured at The Battle of Lincoln . King Henry II dispossessed William of the Honour in 1153 , for conspiring to poison the Earl of Chester - though historians speculate that the King wished to punish him for his ` wickedness and treason ' in supporting King Stephen . The Earl died before he took possession of the Honour , and it stayed in the Crown for about a half century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92e2aa20923dcd87fe52d51ce4c66fc", "text": "Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 . The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' . Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d403e5a6845880b972eff8bff799b4e8", "text": "Livre parisis The livre parisis ( -LSB- livʁ paʁizi -RSB- , Paris pound ) was a standard for minting French coins and a unit of account . Like the livre tournois , which was divided into 20 sols tournois each of 12 deniers tournois , the livre parisis was also divided into 20 sols parisis each of 12 deniers parisis , but the livre parisis was worth 25 sols tournois ( i.e. , the livre tournois was worth of the livre parisis ) . Each sol parisis was thus worth 15 deniers tournois , and each denier parisis worth deniers tournois . Before the seizure of the Anjou region around Tours by Philip II of France in 1203 , the livre parisis had been the official coin of the Capetian dynasty . The livre tournois quickly outstripped the livre parisis as a unit of account , and it ceased to exist as an actual coin under Louis IX . Despite this , a monetary unit of accounting based on the livre parisis continued to be used in the area around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by Louis XIV of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f", "text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0c4d9cb406a8f945954c3c2c46e9ddd", "text": "Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi The Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi ( Secrétaire d'État à la Maison du Roi ) was the secretary of state in France during the `` Ancien Régime '' and Bourbon Restoration in charge of the Département de la Maison du Roi . The exact composition of the ministry and the secretary 's duties changed several times over the Early Modern period , but in general , the Département de la Maison du Roi oversaw four main areas : the `` Maison du Roi '' ( `` Household of the King '' ) , the `` Bâtiments du Roi '' ( `` Buildings of the King '' ) , the General Affairs of the Clergy , ( from 1749 on ) Affairs of the RPR ( `` Religion Prétendue Réformée '' , i.e. the Huguenots ) , and the administration of the capital city of Paris and the provinces . The post later reappeared as the Minister for the Maison du Roi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5da3c052a41a63309b0556f75f787a", "text": "David Baldwin (historian) David Baldwin ( b. 22 December 1946 d. 4 April 2016 ) was a British historian , author and former university lecturer , who lived near Leicester , England . Baldwin specialised in late Medieval history -- `` the great medieval families of the Midlands '' -- and wrote several books about the people and events of the Wars of the Roses . Before retiring from teaching , Baldwin had previously worked as a lecturer at both the University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham . In 1986 , over 25 years before the 2012 excavation and the discovery of the king 's body , he predicted that Richard III 's remains would be found at Greyfriars , Leicester . In his 2010 book , Robin Hood : The English Outlaw Unmasked , Baldwin argued that the ` real ' Robin Hood was Roger Godberd , a disinherited supporter of Simon de Montfort . He drew attention to the many similarities between Godberd 's career and the stories told of Robin in the earliest ballads , and to a grave slab in Loxley churchyard in Warwickshire which appeared to be identical to one associated with Robin in earlier centuries . In his 2007 book , The Lost Prince : The Survival of Richard of York , Baldwin discussed the possibility that the younger of the Princes in the Tower , Prince Richard , survived , and was the `` Richard Plantagenet '' who died in December 1550 at Eastwell in Kent . Richard had worked as a bricklayer at St. John 's Abbey , Colchester , until 1539 , but , unusually for someone of his class , could read Latin . He is sometimes said to have been an illegitimate son of King Richard III . Baldwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2012 . A religious man , Baldwin was a member of a Christadelphian congregation in Leicester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d46170b2c755ed93c86a68967fcecf9c", "text": "Siege of Paris (845) The Siege of Paris and the Sack of Paris of 845 was the culmination of a Viking invasion of the kingdom of the West Franks . The Viking forces were led by a Norse chieftain named `` Reginherus '' , or Ragnar , who traditionally has been identified with the legendary saga character Ragnar Lodbrok . Ragnar 's fleet of 120 Viking ships , carrying thousands of men , entered the Seine in March and proceeded to sail up the river . The West Frankish king Charles the Bald assembled a smaller army in response , but as the Vikings defeated one division , comprising half of the army , the remaining forces retreated . The Vikings reached Paris at the end of the month , during Easter . After plundering and occupying the city , the Vikings withdrew when they had been paid a ransom of 7,000 French livres ( 2570 kg ) of silver and gold from Charles the Bald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9836100681dbf4d44cdb94c7537553c", "text": "Arnaud Amanieu, Lord of Albret Arnaud Amanieu ( also Arnold and Amaneus , 4 August 1338 -- 1401 ) was the Lord of Albret from 1358 . Arnaud Amanieu was the son of Bernard Ezi IV and Mathe of Armagnac . In 1330 , Edward III of England sent men to Gascony to negotiate with the nobles . Beranrd Ezi IV tried to negotiate a marriage between Arnaud Amanieu and a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock , Earl of Kent , but the plans fell through . In 1363 , Edward the Black Prince , then Duke of Gascony , went to his province to procure the homage of his barons , chief among whom was Arnaud Amanieu . In the cathedral of Bordeaux on 9 July , the lord of Albret was the first to kneel sans belt and cap before the Prince and swear an oath of fealty ( save his allegiance to the King of England ) , then to kiss a Bible and a cross , and finally to kiss the Prince on the mouth ( a `` holy kiss '' signifying fellowship and peace ) . However , good relations did not last long between Lord and Prince . In 1368 , while preparing to cross the Pyrenees to join in the Castilian Civil War , Edward demanded a contingent from Arnaud Amanieu , but the forces requested were more than the lord of Albret could suffice . Arnaud Amanieu refused , causing the Black Prince to say : Edward 's Council also declared a fouage , a new tax , which was bitterly resented by the great landholders . John I of Armagnac , Peter-Raymond II of Comminges , Roger Bernard of Périgord , and Arnaud Amanieu sent appeals to Charles V of France , appeals which are preserved to this day in the Archives Nationales in Paris . They addressed him as the `` sovereign lord of the duchée de Guienne and the other lands baillées to the king of England by the treaty of peace . '' Needless to say , the king of France readily received the Gascon rebels into his fold . On 30 June 1368 , after Arnaud Amanieu married Margaret of Bourbon , a secret treaty was signed between Charles V , Arnaud Amanieu , John , and Roger Bernard . Charles pledged aid in the event of war and he swore never to give up his claims of sovereignty over Gascony . The lords agreed to serve Charles -- for pay -- in Auvergne , Toulouse , Berry , and Touraine , and to take an oath to him . The fouage was remitted for the next decade , unless the barons chose to reimpose it on themselves . A body of lawyers and barons was called to decide the sovereignty question and they unanimously affirmed that Charles was sovereign over Gascony . Amanieu remained close to the French monarchy until his death in 1401 . His son , Charles I , became Constable of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "062911e4e60ae8a7d0088d02e13edc7f", "text": "Treaty of Paris (1259) The Treaty of Paris ( also known as the Treaty of Albeville ) was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England , agreed to on December 4 , 1259 ending 100 years of conflicts between Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties . In 1204 , Philip II of France had forced King John out of continental Normandy enforcing his 1202 claim that the lands were forfeit . Despite the 1217 Treaty of Lambeth , hostilities continued between the successive Kings of France and England until 1259 . Under the Treaty , Henry acknowledged loss of the Duchy of Normandy . However Philip had failed in his attempts to occupy the Norman islands in the Channel . The treaty held that `` islands ( if any ) which the King of England should hold '' , he would retain `` as peer of France and Duke of Aquitaine '' . ( These islands came to be collectively called the Channel Islands , consisting of Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Sark and some smaller islands . ) Henry agreed to renounce control of Maine , Anjou and Poitou , which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis . In exchange , Louis withdrew his support for English rebels . He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges , Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" } ]