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[ { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ec97a8d2d24cfb5482419c274f26eeb", "text": "Moon Over Miami (TV series) Moon Over Miami is an American drama and crime series that aired on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b80bed546235d1cbe0c7389d469c921a", "text": "Shooter (TV series) Shooter is an American television drama series based on the novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter and the 2007 film of the same name . The show stars Ryan Phillippe in the lead role of Bob Lee Swagger an expert marksman living in exile who is coaxed back into action after learning of a plot to kill the president . USA Network picked up the pilot in August 2015 and ordered the pilot to series in February 2016 . The series was originally set to premiere on July 19 , 2016 but was postponed a week to July 26 , due to the July 7 Dallas shootings . Following the Baton Rouge police officer shootings on July 17 , the series was pulled from USA 's summer schedule entirely . On October 3 , 2016 , USA announced a new premiere date for Shooter , which premiered on November 15 , 2016 . On December 19 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season and will return in summer 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ad42327b39f3b39eab4e2c73757fab", "text": "Good (play) Good is an award-winning play in two acts written by British playwright Cecil Philip Taylor . First published for Methuen Drama in 1982 , it was originally commissioned by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1981 and was subsequently seen all over the world . Good has been described as the definitive piece written about the Holocaust in the English-speaking theatre . Set in pre-war Germany , it shows how John Halder , a liberal-minded professor whose best friend is the Jewish Maurice , could not only be seduced into joining the Nazism , but step-by-rationalised-step end up embracing the final solution justifying to his conscience the terrible actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b58b4b10d06e81854577d3ce785be9", "text": "The Good Place The Good Place is an American fantasy comedy television series created by Mike Schur . It premiered on September 19 , 2016 on NBC . The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop ( Kristen Bell ) , a recently deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael ( Ted Danson ) to `` The Good Place '' , a heaven-like utopia he designed , in reward for her righteous life . However , she quickly realizes that she was sent there by mistake , and must hide her morally imperfect behavioral past and present . William Jackson Harper , Jameela Jamil , and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place , together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants . The Good Place has received critical acclaim since its premiere , with many praising its performances , writing , originality , setting , and tone . On January 30 , 2017 , NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3ddcc53bf765cc5db77cf87faca0fd3", "text": "Bad Luck (Grimm) `` Bad Luck '' is the 14th episode of season 4 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 80th episode overall , which premiered on March 20 , 2015 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith and was directed by Terrence O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d763240410adc4b7e91b929035503a48", "text": "Mind Games (TV series) Mind Games is an American drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC . The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards And Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation . It premiered on February 25 , 2014 , and was canceled on March 27 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e94c26f79b4781f2af91e1d6b034d7c", "text": "Sports Night Sports Night is an American television series about a fictional sports news show also called Sports Night . It focuses on the friendships , pitfalls and ethical issues the creative talent of the program face while trying to produce a good show under constant network pressure . Created by Aaron Sorkin , the half-hour prime time comedy-drama aired on ABC for two seasons , from 1998 to 2000 . The show stars Robert Guillaume as managing editor Isaac Jaffe , Felicity Huffman as executive producer Dana Whitaker , Peter Krause as anchor Casey McCall , Josh Charles as anchor Dan Rydell , Sabrina Lloyd as senior associate producer Natalie Hurley and Joshua Malina as associate producer Jeremy Goodwin . Regular guest stars included William H. Macy as ratings expert Sam Donovan and Brenda Strong as Sally Sasser , the producer of West Coast Update ( another show on the same network as Sports Night ) and rival of Dana . Other notable guest stars included Paula Marshall and several who later appeared on Sorkin 's The West Wing including Janel Moloney , Teri Polo , Ted McGinley , Lisa Edelstein , Clark Gregg , Nina Siemaszko , John DeLancie , Timothy Davis-Reed , Cress Williams , Nadia Dajani , and Spencer Garrett . In addition , both Malina and Huffman also appeared in The West Wing . TV Guide ranked it # 10 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628047b742ff829101b0e30c15010d12", "text": "David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a25ad7a30590fa2d83abb69ceea4f54", "text": "The Good Life (1971 TV series) The Good Life is an American situation comedy which was aired on NBC as part of its 1971-72 lineup . The series stars Larry Hagman and Donna Mills , and was produced by Lorimar , in association with Screen Gems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "32b31296854b47a90b4ae935fbbdeb55", "text": "Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450c2d6cabe6f9867f3f14ec18159114", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 . Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture . The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted . For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes . Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9885a8c3977ef36f75e9c2a16897e08", "text": "American Tune `` American Tune '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon . It was the third single from his third studio album , There Goes Rhymin ' Simon ( 1973 ) , released on Columbia Records . The song , a meditation on the American experience , is based on a melody line from a chorale from Johann Sebastian Bach 's St Matthew Passion . The song reached number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1874ca139eb9493029c115f92dab2ef1", "text": "Louis Armstrong discography Louis Armstrong ( 1901 -- 1971 ) , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops , was an American trumpeter , composer , singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades , from the 1920s to the 1960s , and different eras in jazz . Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an `` inventive '' trumpet and cornet player , Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz , shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance . With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice , Armstrong was also an influential singer , demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser , bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes . He was also skilled at scat singing . Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing , Armstrong 's influence extends well beyond jazz music , and by the end of his career in the 1960s , he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general . Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to `` cross over '' , whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided . He rarely publicly politicized his race , often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans , but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85c0a989f8ecab856a151eae25aee1e2", "text": "Hearts and Bones Hearts and Bones is the sixth solo studio album by Paul Simon . It was released in 1983 . The album was originally intended to be called Think Too Much , but Mo Ostin , president of Warner Bros. . Records , persuaded Simon to change it to Hearts and Bones . The album was written and recorded following Simon & Garfunkel 's The Concert in Central Park in 1981 , and the world tour of 1982-1983 . Several songs intended for Think Too Much were previewed on tour , and Art Garfunkel worked on some of the songs with Simon in the studio , with an intention that the finished product would be an all-new Simon & Garfunkel studio album . Garfunkel left the project and Simon worked the material into a solo album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39a9a63b3dee0b2fb1d526020611d2ec", "text": "I Dig Rock and Roll Music `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' is a 1967 song by the American folk group Peter , Paul and Mary , written by Paul Stookey , James Mason and Dave Dixon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc0b57512da34508f0827b5779eb62c9", "text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed . It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . ' The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger . The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com . The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0560c9f4a72200237cdb2549d36aad2a", "text": "The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 . From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music . The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' . Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis . Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show . Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band . Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film . The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a55d4d1ccca6845738c1d98290fc2fa", "text": "Paul Roland Paul Roland ( born 6 September 1959 in Kent , England ) , is a singer-songwriter , author , journalist and paranormal researcher . Since the release of his first ( shared ) single `` Oscar Automobile '' in 1979 , Roland has been spinning his tales against a backdrop of gothic rock , psychedelic pop , folk and , occasionally , baroque strings . His character creations include a Regency magistrate , various 19th Century murderers , a retired executioner , an opium addict , and an entire court of medieval grotesques . Paul has been called `` the male Kate Bush '' by one-time label-mate Robyn Hitchcock , and `` The Lord Byron of Rock '' by influential French music magazine Les Inrockuptibles . `` Paul Roland has remained a cherished figure on the gothic rock and psychedelic pop periphery for 30 years ... a treasury of detail and eloquence ... Roland 's impeccable narratives ( and ) formal , baroque instrumentation ... creates the antiquated yet timeless ambience his songs deserve '' ( Marco Rossi , Record Collector , May 2010 ) . Joshua Pfeiffer of Vernian Process is quoted as saying `` As for Paul Roland , if anyone deserves credit for spearheading steampunk music , it is him . He was one of the inspirations I had in starting my project . He was writing songs about the first attempt at manned flight , and an Edwardian airship raid in the mid-80s long before almost anyone else ... . '' `` Paul Roland writes nice melodies and has a very particular personality but he is too intellectual for me ! '' ( Frank Zappa , 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420181c102249635ac2ea219df063f9a", "text": "Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station . `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69b0d9eb0c5dc1f262c1d40c9144ef39", "text": "Stephen Stills Stephen Arthur Stills ( born January 3 , 1945 ) is an American singer and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young . Beginning his professional career with Buffalo Springfield , he composed their only hit `` For What It 's Worth , '' which became one of the most recognizable songs of the 1960s . Other notable songs he contributed to the band were `` Sit Down , I Think I Love You , '' `` Bluebird '' and `` Rock & Roll Woman . '' According to bandmate Richie Furay , he was `` the heart and soul of Buffalo Springfield . '' After Buffalo Springfield broke up , Stills began working with David Crosby and Graham Nash on their debut album . Stills , in addition to writing much of the album , played bass , guitar , and keyboards on most of the album . The album sold over four million copies and at that point , had outsold anything from the three members ' prior bands : the Byrds , Buffalo Springfield , and the Hollies . The album won the trio a Grammy Award for Best New Artist . Neil Young , formerly of Buffalo Springfield , joined CSN months later for their second concert at Woodstock and subsequent album Déjà Vu . The album found Stills again as a leader of the group . Living up to his nickname `` Captain Many Hands '' he played bass , guitar and keyboard on the title track , and electric guitar and piano on Helpless . The album became a huge success and sold over eight million copies . In its wake all four members of CSNY released solo albums that reached the top 20 . Stills ' first solo album Stephen Stills went gold and is the only album to feature both Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton . Its hit single , `` Love the One You 're With '' became his biggest solo hit peaking at No. 14 in the Billboard Hot 100 . A string of solo albums , and a band with Chris Hillman called Manassas followed in 1972 . In the summer of 1974 Young reunited with CSN after a four-year hiatus for a concert tour which was recorded and released in 2014 as CSNY 1974 . It was one of the first ever stadium tours , and the largest tour the band has done to date . CSN reunited in 1977 for their album CSN which became the trio 's best selling record . CSN ( Y ) continued to have platinum albums through the 1980s . Stills ' solo career and bands have combined sales of over 35 million albums to date . Stills was ranked # 28 in Rolling Stones 2003 list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' and # 47 in the 2011 list . Stills became the first person to be inducted twice on the same night into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with CSN and Buffalo Springfield . According to Neil Young , `` Stephen is a genius . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4613f90ea50f7bd57b14fd18d290a7", "text": "Paul Rodgers Paul Bernard Rodgers ( born 17 December 1949 ) is an English singer , songwriter and musician , best known for his success in the 1960s and 1970s as vocalist of Free and Bad Company . He now lives in Canada as a naturalized Canadian citizen . After stints in two less successful bands in the 1980s and early 1990s , The Firm and The Law , he became a solo artist . He has more recently toured and recorded with Queen . Rodgers has been dubbed `` The Voice '' by his fans . A poll in Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Singers of All Time '' . In 2011 Rodgers received the British Academy 's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music . Rodgers has been cited as a significant influence on a number of notable rock singers , including David Coverdale , John Waite , Steve Overland , Lou Gramm , Jimi Jamison , Eric Martin , Steve Walsh , Joe Lynn Turner , Paul Young , Bruce Dickinson , Robin McAuley , Jimmy Barnes , Richie Kotzen . Joe Bonamassa , and the late Ronnie Van Zant . In 1991 , John Mellencamp called Rodgers `` the best rock singer ever '' . Freddie Mercury , the original Queen vocalist , in particular liked Rodgers and his aggressive style .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b3359c0c808f77ffd5701c730cb3c5a4", "text": "Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif ( -LSB- kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf -RSB- , born Katrina Turquotte , 16 July 1983 ) is a British film actress and model known for her work in Indian films . She has appeared primarily in Hindi films , as well as Telugu and Malayalam films . In addition to being one of Bollywood 's highest-paid actresses , she is considered one of India 's most attractive celebrities by media . Born in Hong Kong , Kaif and her family lived in several countries before she moved to London . She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model . At a fashion show in London , filmmaker Kaizad Gustad spotted Kaif and decided to cast her in Boom ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure . While filming in India , Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career . However , filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi . After appearing in the Telugu film , Malliswari ( 2004 ) , Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ? ( 2005 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) . She followed with a series of box-office hits , but was criticised for her acting , repetitive roles and inclination to male-dominated films . Kaif 's performance in the 2009 terrorism drama New York was better received , earning her a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination . After roles in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani ( 2009 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , she received her second Filmfare nomination for her performance in Mere Brother Ki Dulhan ( 2011 ) . Kaif featured in the thrillers Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) and Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess , she has established herself as a commercially successful actress of Hindi cinema . In addition to acting , Kaif is involved with her mother 's charity and participates in stage shows . She is guarded about her personal life , which is a subject of media scrutiny , as is her background .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e465b13ee920ce088820db4f43e39c10", "text": "Sirf Tum Sirf Tum ( Only You ) is a Bollywood film directed by Agathian . It was released on 11 June 1999 . The film features Sanjay Kapoor , Priya Gill , Sushmita Sen , Simran Bagga and Jackie Shroff . It is a remake of the National Award-winning Tamil film Kadhal Kottai , which starred Ajith Kumar and Devayani in lead roles . The movie was filmed in Nanital , Kerala and Houston . It was also remade in Dhaka-Kolkata as Hothat Brishti directed by Basu Chatterjee in 1999 starring Ferdous Ahmed and Priyanka Trivedi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7523a94fa72292afd22f76f21148505d", "text": "Reconstruction of New Orleans Hurricane Katrina destroyed much of the city of New Orleans in 2005 . The storm caused levees to fail , releasing tens of billions of gallons of water . The levee failure contributed to extensive flooding in New Orleans area and surrounding parishes . 80 % of all structures in Orleans Parish sustained water damage . Over 204,000 homes were damaged or destroyed , and more than 800,000 citizens displaced -- the greatest displacement in the United States since the Dust Bowl of the 1930s . Wind damage was less severe than predicted . Reconstruction was hindered by bureaucratic problems and funding issues with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) . Relief agencies provided supplemental relief . By mid-June 2006 , the city was again hosting conventions and promoting tourism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cc3c7508b6f49d213161a87cdbe3fc9", "text": "Say Her Name #SayHerName is a social movement that seeks to raise awareness for black female victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence in the United States . #SayHerName aims to change the public perception that victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence are predominantly male by highlighting the gender-specific ways in which black women , particularly black queer women and black transgender women , are disproportionately affected by fatal acts of racial injustice . In an effort to create a large social media presence alongside existing racial justice campaigns , such as #BlackLivesMatter and #BlackGirlsMatter , the African American Policy Forum ( AAPF ) coined the hashtag #SayHerName in February 2015 . In May 2015 , the AAPF released a report entitled `` Say Her Name : Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women , '' which outlined the goals and objectives of the #SayHerName movement . Following Sandra Bland 's fatal encounter with police in July 2015 , the AAPF , in conjunction with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School and Soros Justice Fellow , Andrea Ritchie , issued an updated version of the original report . The updated version includes a description of the circumstances surrounding Bland 's death , as well as several accounts detailing recent incidents of police-instigated violence against black women , including Tanisha Anderson and Rekia Boyd . In addition to these accounts , the report provides an analytical framework for understanding black women 's susceptibility to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence , as well as offers some suggestions on how to effectively mobilize various communities and empower them to advocate for racial justice . Drawing from the AAPF report , the #SayHerName movement strives to address the invisibilization of black women within mainstream media and , more specifically , the #BlackLivesMatter movement . Of the movement 's many agendas , one includes commemorating the women who have lost their lives due to police brutality and anti-Black violence . To advance this agenda , the AAPF , along with twenty local sponsors and the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School , organized a vigil on May 20 , 2015 , in New York City , where dozens gathered to demand that the public no longer ignore black women 's struggles against gendered , racialized violence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17369fc0ab90cf1b4b4ab5ca6022f8a", "text": "Malang (song) `` Malang '' ( Vagrant love ) is the second single released from the 2013 Bollywood film Dhoom 3 , which starred Aamir Khan , Katrina Kaif , Abhishek Bachchan , and Uday Chopra and was directed by Vijay Krishna Acharya . The song was composed by Pritam , who also composed for the previous two films of the film series , with lyrics by Sameer Anjaan . It was sung by Siddharth Mahadevan and Shilpa Rao and performed on film by Khan and Kaif . The song 's performance is represented as part of a stage show . Malang was released on the digital music platform iTunes on 2 December 2013 . Lyricist Sameer Anjaan has described the song as a `` beautiful , pure and sublime Sufi love song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281cd7f2f9eae2c6c51b0a714eff9c2f", "text": "Aida Turturro Aida Turturro ( Ah-ee-da Toor-toor-ro ; born September 25 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for playing Janice Soprano , sister of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano , on the HBO TV series The Sopranos ( 1999 -- 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b947c637a7d90dfa6dc9766b8fe630", "text": "KT Tunstall Kate Victoria Tunstall ( born 23 June 1975 ) , known by her stage name KT Tunstall , is a Scottish singer-songwriter and musician . She broke into the public eye with a 2004 live solo performance of her song `` Black Horse and the Cherry Tree '' on Later ... with Jools Holland . Born in Edinburgh to a Hong Kong-born exotic dancer , she was adopted by David and Rosemary Tunstall of St Andrews . At the age of four she started playing piano . Later she learned to play other musical instruments . She attended the Lawhead Primary and Madras College in St. Andrews , High School of Dundee and Kent School in Kent , Connecticut in the United States . She earned her BA in Drama & Music in 1996 from the Royal Holloway , University of London . She was awarded an honorary doctorate by Royal Holloway in 2011 . Her debut album was named Eye to the Telescope - the name was inspired by her childhood experiences at her adoptive father 's physics laboratory at University of St Andrews . Released in 2004 , this album launched her music career . That album inspired her nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2005 , BRIT Award for Best British Live Act and BRIT Award for Best Breakthrough Act in 2006 , and Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2007 . She eventually won BRIT Award for Best British Female Artist and European Border Breakers Award , both in 2006 . The single `` Black Horse and the Cherry Tree '' was given the Q Magazine Award for Best Track in 2005 , and `` Suddenly I See '' won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song in 2006 . `` Suddenly I See '' became a popular hit and has been featured in The Devil Wears Prada , Blind Dating , Ugly Betty , Grey 's Anatomy , Love , Rosie , Thrillville , and as a campaign song of the US presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton in 2008 . She has released five albums internationally : Eye to the Telescope ( 2004 ) , Drastic Fantastic ( 2007 ) , Tiger Suit ( 2010 ) , Invisible Empire / / Crescent Moon ( 2013 ) , and KIN ( 2016 ) . She has also appeared in two episodes of the comedy series This is Jinsy on Sky Atlantic . Tunstall has written soundtracks for films : `` Boy '' for The Kid , `` Miracle '' for Winter 's Tale , `` We Could Be Kings '' for Million Dollar Arm , `` Float '' , `` Strange Sight '' and `` 1000 Years '' for Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast , `` Fit In '' for About Ray , and `` Bad Moms ( Suite ) '' , `` Enough is Enough ( Suite ) '' , and `` Get Your Tits Up ( Suite ) '' for Bad Moms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c5d3e948b51696e459e9976c4d0c3", "text": "Tuff Enuff (song) `` Tuff Enuff '' is a song by the blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds . It was written by the band 's lead singer Kim Wilson and appeared on the album Tuff Enuff . It was produced by Dave Edmunds . Released as a single in 1986 , `` Tuff Enuff '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , at number four on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and it appeared on the top 20 charts in other countries as well . It was ranked # 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s . It was the band 's first single and has since become the band 's most well-known song . It also had an accompanying music video directed by Harry Lake . The song was covered by Wynonna Judd for her 2000 album , New Day Dawning . In 2015 , the song was performed by Dave Grohl and his band the Foo Fighters at Austin City Limits , along with guest artists Gary Clark , Jr. and former Thunderbird Jimmie Vaughan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d648bb4362911654e33be4f11300e2b", "text": "Cyril and Libbye Hellier Cyril and Libbye Hellier ( born January 21 , 1952 ) are identical twins and American operatic sopranos . Natives of Houma , Louisiana , they are the great-grandchildren of the Confederate Colonel John Henry Hellier . The sopranos are graduates of Nicholls State University 's Department of Music , where they appeared in a 1980 production of Menotti 's Amahl and the Night Visitors , with Cyril singing the part of Amahl . Earlier that year , however , they formally debuted in a production of Puccini 's Suor Angelica ( with Libbye essaying the name role ) , at Loyola University of the South . After an hiatus of seven years , the Helliers returned to the stage for the title roles of Humperdinck 's Hänsel und Gretel , for The New Opera Theatre , New Orleans . In the 1988-89 season , they alternated as Bastienne in the child Mozart 's Bastien und Bastienne for the same ensemble . In the final season of The New Opera Theatre , they appeared in a Benefit Concert also featuring Natalia Rom . In April 1991 , the Helliers were soloists in Part III of Handel 's Messiah ( in the Foundling Hospital Anthem version ) , at St Francis de Sales Cathedral , Houma . In October 1992 , the sopranos made their New York debuts , as Kindred ( Cyril ) and Cousin ( Libbye ) in the New York premiere of Louise LaBruyère 's Everyman , after the Mystery Play , for Opera Quotannis , at the Church of St Paul the Apostle at Lincoln Center . The production then traveled to New Orleans . In recent years , the twins have been heard in the celebrated `` Katrina Memorial Concerts , '' at the Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel , in the Garden District of New Orleans . Also featured at those Concerts was the soprano Phyllis Treigle . Their most recent appearance was at `` A Christmas Concert , '' at St Stephen Church , in New Orleans , in 2009 , at which they performed a duet by Peter Cornelius .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6915c17b5c22fa6a1be64271a47a9afb", "text": "Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive Category 5 hurricane that affected the majority of the Gulf Coast . Its damaging trek began on August 23 , 2005 when it originated as Tropical Depression Twelve near the Bahamas . The next day , the tropical depression strengthened to a tropical storm , and was named Katrina ; it proceeded to make landfall on the southern tip of the U.S. state of Florida as a minimal hurricane . In passing across Florida , Katrina did not attain any more strength but did manage to maintain hurricane status . After passing over Florida , the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico allowed it to rapidly intensify to the sixth-strongest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history . Afterward , Katrina made landfall as a Category 3 storm near Buras-Triumph , Louisiana , and once more near the Mississippi/Louisiana border . Katrina progressed northward through the central United States and finally dissipated near the Great Lakes on August 31 , when it was absorbed by a cold front .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c39e600ed0f08681ace34bd5a0299388", "text": "Katrina vanden Heuvel Katrina vanden Heuvel ( -LSB- ˈvændənhuːvəl -RSB- born October 7 , 1959 ) is an American editor and publisher . She is the editor , publisher , and part-owner of the liberal / progressive magazine The Nation . She has been the magazine 's editor since 1995 . She is a frequent commentator on numerous political television programs . She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1c91526609d1258a062f03880d33890", "text": "Tsunami Children Foundation The Tsunami Children Foundation ( TCF ) is a United States non-profit organization , exempt from federal income taxes , that is established to offer psychological , educational , and community services to communities impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and other similar catastrophic events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d529b3df0a7a6b757610c53509063466", "text": "Census family In the Canadian Census such families consisting of a married couple and children are referred to as Census Families . The US Census Bureau refers to such household structures as `` Married couple families . '' This demographic features the highest median household income in the United States . In the definition in Statistics Canada 's Census Dictionary , the term `` census family '' Refers to a married couple ( with or without children of either and/or both spouses ) , a common-law couple ( with or without children of either and/or both partners ) or a lone parent of any marital status , with at least one child . A couple may be of opposite sex or same sex . A couple family with children may be further classified as either an intact family in which all children are the biological and/or adopted children of both married spouses or of both common-law partners or a stepfamily with at least one biological or adopted child of only one married spouse or common-law partner and whose birth or adoption preceded the current relationship . Stepfamilies , in turn may be classified as simple or complex . A simple stepfamily is a couple family in which all children are biological or adopted children of one , and only one , married spouse or common-law partner whose birth or adoption preceded the current relationship . A complex stepfamily is a couple family which contains at least one biological or adopted child whose birth or adoption preceded the current relationship . These families contain children from : each married spouse or common-law partner and no other children one married spouse or common-law partner and at least one other biological or adopted child of the couple each married spouse or common-law partner and at least one other biological or adopted child of the couple . - Statistics Canada", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16671def3d182e4eed230504b941974e", "text": "Katrina Andry Katrina Andry ( born 1981 ) is an American visual artist based in New Orleans , Louisiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0238576a4eea76facf8ddd1214f14f3c", "text": "Teena Marie Mary Christine Brockert ( March 5 , 1956 -- December 26 , 2010 ) , better known by her stage name Teena Marie , was an American singer-songwriter , and producer . She was known by her childhood nickname Tina before taking the stage name Teena Marie and later acquired the nickname Lady Tee ( sometimes spelled Lady T ) , given to her by her collaborator and friend , Rick James . She was known for her distinctive soulful vocals , which caused many listeners to believe she was African American . Her success in R&B and soul music , and loyalty to these genres would earn her the title Ivory Queen of Soul . She played rhythm guitar , keyboards , and congas , and wrote , produced , sang , and arranged virtually all of her songs since her 1980 release , Irons in the Fire , which she later said was her favorite album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a34ab18711e0982f8a810a90729112d", "text": "Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope Mistaken Identity : Two Families , One Survivor , Unwavering Hope is a best-selling non-fiction book describing an incident in which the identities of two young female casualties were confused after a vehicle crash . It was published by Howard Books on March 25 , 2008 . The book lists its authors as Don and Susie van Ryn ; Newell , Colleen and Whitney Cerak ; and Mark Tabb ; the former the parents of Laura van Ryn ( the woman believed to have survived the crash but actually deceased ) and the latter the parents of Whitney Cerak , initially declared deceased in the crash but later found to have survived . Mark Tabb is a former pastor whom The New York Times described as `` the go-to guy when a collaborator is needed on books with spiritual themes . '' Both the identity mix-up and the book 's release received worldwide media attention : was the subject of a two-hour episode of Dateline NBC , a program of The Oprah Winfrey Show , and a segment featured on The Today Show . The book was ranked 1st place for two weeks on the adult non-fiction New York Times Best Seller list in 2008 . The incident prompted the states of Michigan and Indiana to pursue legislation concerning stricter guidelines in the process of identification of bodies by coroners . On April 26 , 2006 , a Taylor University van carrying nine students and staff members collided with a tractor-trailer being driven by Robert F. Spencer on Interstate 69 in Indiana . Five people riding in the van died at the crash scene : Elizabeth Smith , Laurel Erb , Bradley Larson , and Monica Felver , and a young blonde woman the coroner identified as Whitney Cerak . A similar looking woman who survived but was unable to communicate was identified as Laura van Ryn . For several weeks , the van Ryn family kept a bedside vigil over the patient they believed to be their daughter . However , into five weeks of hospitalization the identity of the surviving woman began to be questioned . She was found to be Whitney Cerak , not Laura van Ryn . Some physical similarities existed between the two women but the severity of the injuries , which included severe head trauma and the immediate inability to communicate led local government officials to mis-identify the casualties , the hospital to carry through with the unfortunate action and caused both families to respond in a manner appropriate to the situation of each casualty : Cerak was taken care of by the van Ryn family in the belief that she was their daughter . Meanwhile , Laura was interred in a marked grave at a funeral with 1400 people in attendance . Five weeks passed before incidents arose that caused suspicion about identity : she made comments about things and people that were inconsistent with facts pertaining to Laura ; and a university roommate also reported some physical discrepancies . `` Laura '' confirmed that it was ` Whitney Cerak ' that had survived when asked by hospital staff to write down the patient 's name , which was then confirmed by dental records . The tragic mix-up appeared to have been caused by the similarities of appearance of Cerak and van Ryn , and the confusion at the crash scene . Neither family spoke publicly about the incident for nearly two years . During the Dateline interview , it was noted that the van Ryn family suspected for several days something was amiss with the patient before the concerns were shared with the hospital staff : the van Ryn family noticed the patient 's teeth ; navel piercing ( which van Ryn did not have ) ; the patient called herself Whitney ( not Laura ) when she emerged from the coma ; the patient accused `` her '' parents of being `` false parents '' ; and the patient told `` her '' sister their parent 's names were Newell and Colleen . The van Ryns said that their duplicity in sustaining the misidentification for a month was reinforced by reassurance by the hospital staff of the patient 's identity and the distress of the situation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac9bc83246391633e18e8d4c44759c8", "text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) . Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c044da9a624e4d0674ad019efaeefd58", "text": "Tipitina's Foundation Tipitina 's Foundation is a not-for-profit charity organization that grew out of the New Orleans music venue , Tipitina 's . Based in New Orleans , Louisiana , the foundation 's mission is to protect and preserve the musical culture of New Orleans and Louisiana . Following Hurricane Katrina , Tipitina 's Foundation was particularly active . Part of the foundation 's stated purpose is to empower the youth of the city to learn music . In order to encourage this , the foundation donates quality instruments to schools in the city and surrounding areas . The foundation also runs workshops teaching music performance at the club of the same name , Tipitina 's , and operates a statewide network of technology access centers ( `` Tipitina 's Music Office Co-Ops '' ) to assist Louisiana 's adult musicians and digital media professionals . Fats Domino has dedicated proceeds from his latest musical release to the foundation . Actor Harry Shearer won $ 50,000 for the foundation on a recent edition of Celebrity Jeopardy! . Members of the foundation appeared on the Aaron Sorkin drama Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip in the episode `` The Christmas Show . '' The name is taken from the classic New Orleans piano tune , `` Tipitina '' , written by Professor Longhair , also the name of a popular nightspot in New Orleans .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2040b982b5481b033a19e3402107a7db", "text": "Jeffrey Dahmer Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer ( May 21 , 1960 -- November 28 , 1994 ) , also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal , was an American serial killer and sex offender , who committed the rape , murder , and dismemberment of seventeen men and boys between 1978 and 1991 . Many of his later murders involved necrophilia , cannibalism , and the permanent preservation of body parts -- typically all or part of the skeletal structure . Although diagnosed with borderline personality disorder , schizotypal personality disorder , and a psychotic disorder , Dahmer was found to be legally sane at his trial . Convicted of fifteen of the sixteen murders he had committed in Wisconsin , Dahmer was sentenced to fifteen terms of life imprisonment on February 15 , 1992 . He was later sentenced to a sixteenth term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in Ohio in 1978 . On November 28 , 1994 , Dahmer was beaten to death by Christopher Scarver , a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8dc95fbf35a111705d075554a6cdfe54", "text": "Women Against Pornography Women Against Pornography ( WAP ) was a radical feminist activist group based out of New York City that had an influential force in the anti-pornography movement of the late 1970s and the 1980s . WAP was the most well known feminist anti-pornography group out of many that were active throughout the United States and the anglophone world , primarily from the late 1970s through the early 1990s . After previous failed attempts to start a broad feminist anti-pornography group in New York City , WAP was finally established in 1978 . WAP quickly drew widespread support for its anti-pornography campaign , and in late 1979 held a March on Times Square that included over 5000 supporters . Through their march as well as other means of activism , WAP was able to bring in unexpected financial support from the Mayor 's office , theater owners , and other parties with an interest in the gentrification of Times Square . WAP became known because of their anti-pornography informational tours of sex shops and pornographic theaters held in Times Square . In the 1980s , WAP began to focus more on lobbying and legislative efforts against pornography , particularly in support of civil-rights-oriented antipornography legislation . They were also active in testifying before the Meese Commission and some of their advocacy of a civil-rights based anti-pornography model found its way into the final recommendations of the commission . In the late 1980s , the leadership of WAP changed their focus again , this time more on the issue of international sex trafficking , which led to the founding of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women . In the 1990s WAP became less active and eventually faded out of existence in the mid '90s . The positions of Women Against Pornography were controversial . Civil liberties advocates opposed WAP and similar groups , holding that the legislative approaches WAP advocated amounted to censorship . Sex-positive feminists held that feminist campaigns against pornography were misdirected and ultimately threatened sexual freedoms and free speech rights in a way that would be detrimental toward women and sexual minorities . In addition to this , WAP faced conflict with sex-positive feminists , particularly in the events surrounding the 1982 Barnard Conference . These events were battles in what became known as the Feminist Sex Wars of the late 1970s and 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ce6389c06ae0bad4907228ce6f4338d", "text": "William P. Robinson III William P. Robinson III is a Rhode Island Supreme Court justice . William Robinson graduated from the University of Louvain , University of Rhode Island , University of Connecticut , and Boston College Law School . He served on the East Greenwich School Committee from 1988 to 1996 and the Board of Governors for Higher Education from 2000 to 2003 . Governor Donald Carcieri appointed him to the Supreme Court in 2004 . While in private practice , Robinson represented the St. George 's School in 1989 against allegations of condoning a culture of rape . In the case , Anne Scott described having been serially raped at age 15 by a 67-year-old school trainer , Al Gibbs . While not known publicly at that time , four other students had complained to the school about being raped by that same trainer . The school attacked the allegations , by -- for example -- insisting that the former student be forced to publicly reveal her identity . Robinson directed this legal defense . As he wrote as part of the 1989 legal case , `` Maybe people will come forward and say the plaintiff is a , with all due respect to those in the court , has a tendency to lie , and that would be relevant , also . '' As part of his defense of the school , Robinson also argued that if the two did have sex , that it was consensual . While making that case , Robinson was chastised by U.S. Magistrate Jacob Hagopian , who denied the school 's motion to dismiss , saying that the teenager could not consent to such `` detestable '' acts . `` It violates the criminal laws of the United States , '' he said , `` or of any state of this Union , or of any civilized country , where the element of it being volitional or non-volitional , or voluntary or non-voluntary , has anything to do with this type of detestable allegation made by a person who is not of age of consent , can you explain that to me ? '' When Robinson tried to explain , Hagopian cut him off , stating , `` It 's impossible . It violates the criminal laws of the United States . '' While that 1989 case has long been dropped , an investigation by St. George 's own attorneys in 2015 concluded that the allegations of rape were true . Further , a total of at least 26 students were assaulted by at least 6 members of the St. George 's faculty and staff In 2016 , in reaction to criticism , Robinson defended himself : `` In the 1980s , while engaged in the private practice of law , I represented St. George 's School in certain litigation in the federal court which has recently become the subject of interest in the media . I represented the client as an attorney must , zealously , ethically and to the best of my ability . I do not believe that further comment is necessary or appropriate . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a264d59f0e7ec24a12e93e25049d9612", "text": "Florrie R. Burke Florrie R. Burke , M.Ed. , MA , LMFT , is a human rights advocate , specializing in combating human trafficking . Secretary of State John Kerry presented Ms. Burke with the inaugural Presidential Award for Extraordinary Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in May 2013 . The Award was granted in recognition of `` her sustained dedication and unparalleled leadership in combating modern slavery through the development and delivery of comprehensive services , the empowerment of survivors to move from slavery to independence , and the transformation of policy to eradicate all forms of human trafficking . '' Florrie Burke is a consultant on Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery to both governmental and non-governmental agencies . With a decade and a half of specialized experience , she is a leading expert on the victim-centered approach in human trafficking cases and collaborative efforts of criminal justice actors and victim care providers . She is a founding member and currently Chair Emeritus of the Freedom Network , serves as advisor to the Freedom Network Training Institute and is on the Steering Committee of the New York Anti-Trafficking Network.She has done extensive training , speaking and consultation on Human Trafficking issues , trauma and torture in the United States , and internationally . She serves as an expert witness on cases of human trafficking . She is a member of the Global Training Initiative on Human Trafficking at the UNODC in Vienna and is on the faculty of the Warnath Group , developing materials and training for first responders , criminal justice actors and others . Ms. Burke has been working with trafficked persons since 1997 when she designed and implemented specialized social services to sixty deaf Mexicans who were held in slavery in a peddling ring in New York City . She helped start the Anti-Trafficking Program at Safe Horizon in 2001 and also designed and implemented a model for Community Trauma Response following the attacks on September 11th . In 2007 Ms. Burke received the National Crime Victims Recognition Service Award from the Department of Justice , Office for Victims of Crime . She has been honored by the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice , by the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor , and was awarded the Annual Paul and Sheila Wellstone Award by the Freedom Network USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "052a4fdd69aae5cb40b979aa3b3c15aa", "text": "Rape myths Rape myths are erroneous , stereotypical , prejudicial beliefs about reasons of sexual assaults , rapists , and rape victims . Rape myths originate from various cultural stereotypes , such as traditional gender roles , acceptance of interpersonal violence , and misunderstanding the nature of sexual assault . A 2013 online survey of freshmen suggests that women 's consumption of mainstream sports programming increases the chance that they buy into rape myths , while for both men and women the intentions to intervene into a sexual assault decrease . The prevalence of rape myths is a major reason for rape victim blaming and stigmatization . Rape myths suggest that the stereotypical victim of sexual violence is a bruised and battered young woman . However the central issue in cases of sexual assault is whether both parties consented to the sexual activity or both had the capacity to do so . Thus , physical force resulting in visible physical injury is not always seen . Due to this stereotype sexually assaulted people who have no physical trauma may be less inclined to report to the authorities or to seek health care .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd348be8ba90c2709061561302644188", "text": "Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone . The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 . The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd37d72da77f19872c1845d7f116ea2", "text": "DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 The DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 ( H.R. 4640 , 42 U.S.C. 14135 et seq. ) is a United States Act of Congress that primarily allows US states to carry out DNA analyses for use in the FBI 's Combined DNA Index System and to collect and analyse DNA samples . Under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 , 42 U.S.C. § 14132 , `` Congress authorized the FBI to create a national index of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) samples taken from convicted offenders , crime scenes and victims of crime , and unidentified human remains . '' In response to this congressional mandate , the FBI established the Combined DNA Index System ( `` CODIS '' ) . The CODIS database provides a means for state and local forensic laboratories to share DNA profiles in an attempt to `` link evidence from crime scenes for which there are no suspects to DNA samples of convicted offenders on file in the system . '' However , the 1994 Act was interpreted by the FBI to permit only the creation of the CODIS , not the taking of DNA samples of persons convicted of federal offenses for input into the system . Thus , `` the FBI requested that Congress enact statutory authority to allow the taking of DNA samples from persons committing Federal crimes of violence , robbery , and burglary , or similar crimes in the District of Columbia or while in the military , and authorizing them to be included in CODIS . '' Accordingly , Congress passed the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 ( `` DNA Act '' ) , 42 U.S.C. § 14135 et seq. , which authorizes the `` Attorney General to make grants to eligible States ... to carry out , for the inclusion in the Combined DNA Index System of the Federal Bureau of Investigation , DNA analyses of samples taken from individuals convicted of a qualifying State offenses . '' 42 U.S.C. § 14135 ( a ) ( 1 ) . Moreover , the DNA Act provides that `` the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall collect a DNA sample from each individual in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons who is , or has been , convicted of a qualifying Federal offense '' and that `` the probation office responsible for the supervision under Federal law of an individual on probation , parole , or supervised release shall collect a DNA sample from each such individual who is or has been , convicted of a qualifying Federal offense . '' 42 U.S.C. § 15135a ( a ) ( 1 ) - ( 2 ) . In addition , Congress has mandated the collection of DNA samples from `` each individual in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons who is , or has been convicted of a qualifying District of Columbia offense '' or any `` individual under the supervision of the Agency who is on supervised release , parole , or probation who is , or has been convicted of a qualifying District of Columbia offense . '' 42 U.S.C. § 14135b ( a ) ( 1 ) - ( 2 ) . Congress left to the District of Columbia the responsibility of determining which offenses under the District of Columbia Code should be deemed qualifying offenses . 42 U.S.C. § 14135b ( d ) . The District of Columbia has determined that forty-nine separate offense qualify for collection under the DNA Act . See , D.C. Code § 22-4151 ( 1 ) - ( 46 ) . These qualifying offense include , for example , arson , aggravated assault , burglary , kidnaping , robbery , attempted robbery , and carjacking . Id . Once a DNA sample is entered into the CODIS database , the information can be released only ( 1 ) `` to criminal justice agencies for law enforcement identification purposes ; '' ( 2 ) `` in judicial proceedings ; '' ( 3 ) `` for criminal defense purposes , to a defendant , who shall have access to samples and analyses performed in connection with the case in which such defendant is charged ; '' or ( 4 ) `` if personally identifiable information is removed , for a population statistics database , for identification research and protocol development purposes , or for quality control purposes . '' 42 U.S.C. § 14132 ( b ) ( 3 ) . In addition , the DNA Act imposes criminal penalties for individuals who improperly disclose sample results or improperly obtains or uses DNA samples . 42 U.S.C. § 14135e ( c ) . Category :2000 in law Category :106 th United States Congress Category : United States federal criminal legislation Category : Law articles needing an infobox", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a20b023c16b75e304eaea02873742fc", "text": "National Missing and Unidentified Persons System National Missing and Unidentified Persons System , abbreviated as NamUs , is a clearing house for missing persons and unidentified decedent records in the United States , a part of the Department of Justice . NamUs also provides free DNA testing and other forensic services , such as anthropology and odontology assistance . In 2005 , the National Institute of Justice assembled for a national strategy meeting regarding missing persons in the United States ; they called the meeting `` Identifying the Missing Summit . '' Forensic scientists , policymakers , victim advocates and law enforcement officials discussed the challenges and strategies for solving missing person cases and identifying unidentified decedent cases . From there the Deputy Attorney General created a task force , The National Missing Persons Task Force , and encouraged the U.S Department of Justice to find prominent tools that will help solve these cases . NamUs was created , subsequently . The NamUs database was created in three phases ; in Phase III , released in 2009 , the system became fully searchable and open to the public . Through NamUs , users will have access to three databases : Unidentified Persons database , Missing Persons database and an UnClaimed Persons database . In the database users can search by state , date last seen , circumstances , physical/medical characteristics , clothing and accessories , sex , ethnicity , race and more , in order to locate or search for a potential match or personal profile . Each missing person and unidentified person have their own four digit code number . If a potential match is found , users can notify and submit the potential match to case managers , local law enforcement agencies or NamUs regional administrators . If a potential match has been ruled out it will appear on the unidentified person 's profile , under the section `` exclusions . '' The issue of unidentified remains in the United States has been coined `` the Nation 's Silent Mass Disaster . '' There are approximately 40,000 unidentified human remains that have been buried or cremated before being identified . Furthering the problem of identification , in 2004 , less than half of the nation 's medical examiner 's offices had policies for retaining DNA , x-rays , or fingerprints of unidentified persons . Another issue that has left remains unidentified has been the reporting of missing persons . Those who go missing over the 18 are not required to be reported - reporting them is voluntary . Consequently , there has been a low rate of reported adult cases through NCIC ( the National Crime Information Center ) . Ultimately NamUs is working together with the public and national level databases to incorporate the records of missing persons and meet the challenges of non-reporting . Currently , there have been 16,080 missing person cases on file through NamUs . , 60.46 % , or 9,723 of them remain open and unsolved . Of the closed cases , 665 , or 10.46 % , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database . Furthermore , there have been 10,714 unidentified persons cases on filed through NamUs . , 88.66 % , or 9,500 , remain open and unidentified . Of the closed cases , 285 , or 23.495 , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1b96398d896062a9ef31f86d1699f4", "text": "Sexual field A sexual field is an arena of social life whereby individuals seek intimate partners and vie for sexual status . Sexual fields emerge `` when a subset of actors with potential romantic or sexual interest orient themselves toward one another according to a logic of desirability imminent to their collective relations and -LSB- wherein -RSB- this logic produces , to greater and lesser degrees , a system of stratification '' ( Green 2014:27 ) . The term builds on Pierre Bourdieu 's ( 1980 ) concept of field and has been defined as a `` set of interlocking institutions '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) and an `` institutionalized matrix of relations '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 ) that confers status upon sexual actors based on individual variation in sexual capital . Relative to those with a sexual capital deficit , actors in possession of sexual capital reap the rewards of the sexual field -- including the ability to select desired sexual partners and the acquisition of social significance . Sexual fields are themselves distinguished by distinct `` currencies of erotic capital '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) , the latter which are quite variable , acquiring dominance in relation to the collective preferences of players . For example , Green ( 2005 , 2008 ) argues that the characteristics which confer sexual capital in one field may not in another . Thus , in a gay leather bar , a bearded , stocky white man in his late-thirties dressed in Levi 's jeans and a leather jacket will possess an optimal form of sexual capital , whereas the same man in a swanky Martini bar catering to a twenty-something , high-fashion , urban gay customer base will face a sexual capital deficit . This variation in power and status occurs because a gay leather bar and a gay Martini bar are physical sites organized by the logic of two distinct sexual fields with contrasting currencies of sexual capital ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) -- i.e. , distinct `` hegemonic systems of judgment '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) . For sociological theory , the study of the sexual field in the sexual fields framework offers a framework for analyzing how collective attributions of desire and desirability are shaped by the sexual field itself . That is , rather than see desire and desirability as a simple function of individual wants and judgments , the sexual fields framework suggests that such wants and judgments are the consequence of sexual social life . In this approach , the sexual field acts back on what we find desirable such that desires and desirability are regarded as field effects ( Green 2014 ) . To the extent that sexual stratification is related to but not isomorphic with the structure of alternative fields , so the study of sexual fields can not be subsumed to the study of an economic or political field , for example . Nevertheless , to the extent that race , class , gender , ethnicity , age and ability , among others , are organizing features of sexual status within a given sexual field , so the relationship of sexual fields to broader historical systems of stratification requires consideration ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 . 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6645305fff5b28c7b54f23faa4d6c243", "text": "Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 . Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include : What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ? What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ? Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce : `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34be0323ec6eeec28df9580c92709fd", "text": "Elm Guest House claims and controversy In Britain , controversy arose from claims reported in 2012 , which some state to have been later discredited , of sexual abuse and grooming of children at parties held in the late 1970s and 1980s at the former Elm Guest House in Rocks Lane , near Barnes Common in south-west London . Several prominent British men were alleged , in a list produced by convicted fraudster Chris Fay and never verified or corroborated by any other source , to have attended the Guest House including former government ministers , senior MPs , top police officers , judges , pop music stars , and people with links to the Royal Households . Since 2012 , the allegations of an establishment paedophile ring have been part of a complex multi-agency investigation . During 2014 and 2015 , allegations against several leading politicians of the period , mostly now deceased , were made public in the British press . An investigation , Operation Fairbank , led by the Metropolitan Police Service , started in late 2012 . This was a `` scoping exercise '' aimed at a `` preliminary assessment of the evidence rather than a formal inquiry '' , and the existence of the `` assessment '' operation was confirmed only on 12 December 2012 after operating in secret for several weeks . As a result of allegations arising from Operation Fairbank , a full criminal investigation , Operation Fernbridge , was launched in February 2013 . In November 2014 , another operation -- Operation Midland -- was set up to examine claims of a possible homicide , later extended to cover allegations of three murders and activities at the Dolphin Square development in Pimlico and elsewhere ; on 21 March 2016 , the Metropolitan Police confirmed that Operation Midland had been closed without any charges being brought . An inquiry found that those investigated by police were victims of `` false allegations '' and the Metropolitan Police Commissioner subsequently apologised to them . In 2015 , the Independent Police Complaints Commission began investigating claims that the Metropolitan Police had suppressed evidence of child sexual abuse and prevented the investigation of some allegations between 1970 and 2005 , because of the alleged involvement of police officers and MPs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "458bf0379f7569c4d5217fb0e171f6be", "text": "The Process Church of The Final Judgment The Process , or in full , The Process Church of the Final Judgment , commonly known by non-members as the Process Church , was a religious group that flourished in the 1960s and 1970s , founded by the English couple Mary Ann and Robert de Grimston ( originally Mary Ann MacLean and Robert Moor ) . Originally headquartered in London , it had developed as a splinter group from Scientology , so that they were declared `` suppressive persons '' by L. Ron Hubbard in December 1965 . In 1966 , members of the group underwent a social implosion and moved to Xtul on Mexico 's Yucatan peninsula , where they developed `` processean '' theology ( which differs from , and is unrelated to process theology ) . They later established a base of operations in the United States in New Orleans . They were often viewed as Satanic on the grounds that they worshiped both Christ and Satan . Their belief was that Satan would become reconciled to Christ , and they would come together at the end of the world to judge humanity , Christ to judge and Satan to execute judgment . Vincent Bugliosi , the prosecutor of the Charles Manson family trial , comments in his book Helter Skelter that Manson may have borrowed philosophically from the Process Church , and that representatives of the Church visited him in jail after his arrest . According to one of those representatives , the purpose of the visit was to question Manson about whether he had ever had any contact with Church members or ever received any literature about the Church . The group published an article about Manson and the jail visit in the The Process magazine 's special `` Death '' edition . In April 1974 , Robert de Grimston was removed by the Council of Masters as Teacher . They renounced The Unity , his exposition of the above-noted doctrines , and most of his other teachings . De Grimston attempted to restart the Process Church several times , but he could never replace his original following . Following de Grimston 's removal , the group underwent a significant change in orientation and renamed itself the Foundation -- Church of the Millennium . Many of the same believers left to follow Gilles Deleuze 's Anti-Oedipal movement . In 1978 , the Foundation was renamed the Foundation Faith of the Millennium and in 1993 the Foundation Faith of God . The organization eventually became Best Friends Animal Sanctuary in Kanab , UT , later renamed Best Friends Animal Society . A detailed account of the history of and life within the Process Church as told by a participant-observer is contained in William S. Bainbridge 's book Satan 's Power . ( He employed a pseudonym for the name of the group , referring to it as `` The Power '' , and disguised the names of people to preserve their identities , a procedure used for sociological studies of living groups to ensure privacy . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96fed37dfdc81f1bd8419a5c25397fb0", "text": "Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are desires whose objects `` become eligible '' to be desired because of , rather than despite , a stigma which they bear . The manifold manifestations of these paraphilias cover the broadest range of physical , intimate and social circumstance . In the context of a stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia , what is considered repulsive , unsuitable , prohibited , abnormal or taboo by most people turns into something attractive , suitable , permitted , normal and licensed . Thus , in paedophilia , necrophilia and zoophilia , children , corpses and animals are desired despite being incapable of forming sexual ( or , indeed , any ) relationships . In the attraction to disability , disabled people are desired despite deviating from the physical standard . In gerontophilia and ephebophilia , significantly older or younger people are desired despite being generally considered unsuitable due to great difference in age . In hybristophilia , notorious criminals are desired despite being generally considered objectionable . In urolagnia , coprophilia and emetophilia , urinating , defecating and vomiting in intimate circumstances are seen as arousing despite the general views that they are repulsive . In this sense , stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias can seem ` non-conformist ' and ` taboo-busting . ' Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are generally thought to result from intense and memorable childhood experiences ( `` sexuoerotic tragedies , '' though they may not be distressing ) which `` deform '' the future adult 's idea of what is and what is not attractive ( their `` lovemap '' ) . Attempting to accommodate the extraordinary experience into an acceptable mental frame of reference , the future adult may `` triumph '' over it by use of a logic whereby the terms of reference commonly associated with it are reversed . Category : Paraphilias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e004343372bf498fc51e02875850ee", "text": "Heller v. New York Heller v. New York , was a United States Supreme Court decision which upheld that states could make laws limiting the distribution of obscene material , provided that these laws were consistent with the Miller test for obscene material established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California , 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . Heller was initially convicted for showing a sexually explicit film in the movie theater which he owned , under New York Penal Law § 235.0 which stated that and individual `` is guilty of obscenity when , knowing its content and character , he 1 . Promotes , or possesses with intent to promote , any obscene material ; or 2 . Produces , presents or directs an obscene performance or participates in a portion thereof which is obscene or which contributes to its obscenity . '' Heller appealed this ruling to the supreme court , claiming that his first amendment rights had been violated due to the broad nature of New York 's obscenity laws . The defendant also claimed that his 14th amendment rights had been violated due to the fact the film was seized prior to him receiving a hearing of any kind . The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Heller in a 5-4 decision , with the majority decision delivered by Justice Burger . The Court found the procedure by which the film was seized to be constitutional , but ruled in favor of Heller in order to afford New York a chance to bring their obscenity laws in line with the guidelines established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California . The Dissenting opinions were written by Justice Douglas as well as Justice Brennan , the latter of which was joined by Justice Stewart and Justice Marshall . These dissenting opinions argued that the obscenity laws that Heller was convicted under were themselves unconstitutional and thus the seizure of the film was unconstitutional . This case was one of several cases that the Burger court ruled on concerning obscenity laws in the early 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689f833b61732cdb6bbf4a2399e0e7f9", "text": "Career Girls Murders The `` Career Girls Murders '' was the name given by the media to the killings of Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan on August 28 , 1963 . George Whitmore , Jr. , was accused of this and other crimes but later cleared . The actions of the police department led Whitmore to be improperly accused of this and other crimes , including the murder of Minnie Edmonds and the attempted rape and assault of Elba Borrero . Whitmore was wrongfully incarcerated for 1,216 days -- from his arrest on April 24 , 1964 , until his release on bond on July 13 , 1966 , and from the revocation of his bond on February 28 , 1972 -- until his exoneration on April 10 , 1973 , when , after what author T.J. English called , in his book The Savage City , `` a numbing cycle of trials , convictions , convictions overturned , retrials , and appeals '' , Whitmore was cleared of all charges and set free . Whitmore 's treatment by the authorities has been cited as an example that led the US Supreme Court to issue the guidelines known as the Miranda rights . The Supreme Court cited Mr. Whitmore 's case as `` the most conspicuous example '' of police coercion in the country when it issued its 1966 ruling establishing a set of protections for suspects , including the right to remain silent , in Miranda v. Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20890a2ece8f705501f1cad2770deaad", "text": "Bad date list A bad date list ( also known as a bad date book or Ugly Mugs ) circulates details of persons that may pose a threat to sex workers . Bad date lists can serve as a warning system , so that sex workers can avoid persons who fit descriptions on the list . Bad date lists contain reports of ` bad dates ' or incidents of violent or dangerous clients or other persons , which describe the incident , and frequently provide a description of the person , their vehicle ( if applicable ) and their phone number ( if applicable ) . Bad date lists can be handed out to outdoor sex workers . Reports can be collected by outreach workers who are distributing the list . Bad Date List websites are also frequently used , mainly by indoor sex workers . Sometimes information comes from the police or the media . The first Canadian bad date book was published in Vancouver , Canada by the `` Alliance for Safety of Prostitutes '' ( ASP ) in 1983 . The Prostitution Collective in Victoria , Australia developed the first Ugly Mugs Scheme in May 1986 , using the term ` ugly mugs ' to describe punters who become unreasonable and violent . Many organizations produce a `` bad date list '' including : Sex Professionals of Canada COYOTE ( in New York , NY ) WISH ( in Vancouver , BC ) Crossroads ( Alberta , Canada ) Downtown Eastside Youth Activities Centre ( in Vancouver , BC ) The Bad Date Coalition of Toronto Project SAFE ( Philadelphia , PA ) Street Workers ' Advocacy Project ( Saskatchewan , Canada ) Bad Date Sheet Intervention Project ( Tacoma , WA )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c7762732eeba35d7c29747e75c0764", "text": "Prostitution in China Shortly after taking power in 1949 , the Communist Party of China embarked upon a series of campaigns that purportedly eradicated prostitution from mainland China by the early 1960s . Since the loosening of government controls over society in the early 1980s , prostitution in mainland China not only has become more visible , but can now be found throughout both urban and rural areas . In spite of government efforts , prostitution has now developed to the extent that it comprises an industry , one that involves a great number of people and produces a considerable economic output . Prostitution has also become associated with a number of problems , including organized crime , government corruption and sexually transmitted diseases . For example , a Communist Party official who was a top provincial campaigner against corruption was removed from his post after he was caught in a hotel room with a prostitute . Prostitution-related activities in mainland China are characterised by diverse types , venues and prices . Prostitutes themselves come from a broad range of social backgrounds . They are almost all female , though in recent years male prostitutes have also emerged . A large number of Russian women work as prostitutes in China . Venues typically include hotels , karaoke venues and beauty salons . Officially , prostitution is illegal in mainland China . The government of China has vacillated , however , in its legal treatment of prostitutes themselves , treating them sometimes as criminals and sometimes as behaving with misconduct . Since the reemergence of prostitution in the 1980s , government authorities have responded by first using the legal system , that is , the daily operations of institutions like courts and police . Second , they have relied on police-led campaigns , clearly delineated periods of intense public activity , as a form of social discipline . Despite lobbying by international NGOs and overseas commentators , there is not much support for legalisation of the sex sector by the public , social organizations or the government of the PRC . While the sale of sexual intercourse remains illegal throughout mainland China , as of 2013 erotic massage , or more commonly known as massage with `` happy endings , '' is legal in the city of Foshan in Guangdong province . In June of that year , the Foshan Court determined that the sale of erotic massage is not the same as prostitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b0934323081576abb8218cea1210f2", "text": "Clitoris The clitoris ( -LSB- klᵻˈtɔːrᵻs -RSB- ) is a female sex organ present in mammals , ostriches and a limited number of other animals . In humans , the visible button-like portion is near the front junction of the labia minora ( inner lips ) , above the opening of the urethra . Unlike the penis , the male homologue ( equivalent ) to the clitoris , it usually does not contain the distal portion ( or opening ) of the urethra and is therefore not used for urination . While few animals urinate through the clitoris , the spotted hyena , which has an especially well-developed clitoris , urinates , mates and gives birth via the organ . Some other mammals , such as lemurs and spider monkeys , also have a well-developed clitoris . The clitoris is the human female 's most sensitive erogenous zone and generally the primary anatomical source of human female sexual pleasure . In humans and other mammals , it develops from an outgrowth in the embryo called the genital tubercle . Initially undifferentiated , the tubercle develops into either a penis or a clitoris , depending on the presence or absence of the protein tdf , which is codified by a single gene on the Y chromosome . The clitoris is a complex structure , and its size and sensitivity can vary . The glans ( head ) of the human clitoris is roughly the size and shape of a pea , and is estimated to have more than 8,000 sensory nerve endings . Extensive sociological , sexological and medical debate have focused on the clitoris , primarily concerning anatomical accuracy , orgasmic factors and their physiological explanation for the G-spot , and whether the clitoris is vestigial , an adaptation , or serves a reproductive function . Social perceptions of the clitoris range from the significance of its role in female sexual pleasure , assumptions about its true size and depth , and varying beliefs regarding genital modification such as clitoris enlargement , clitoris piercing and clitoridectomy ; genital modification may be for aesthetic , medical or cultural reasons . Knowledge of the clitoris is significantly impacted by cultural perceptions of the organ . Studies suggest that knowledge of its existence and anatomy is scant in comparison with that of other sexual organs , and that more education about it could help alleviate social stigmas associated with the female body and female sexual pleasure ; for example , that the clitoris and vulva in general are visually unappealing , that female masturbation is taboo , or that men should be expected to master and control women 's orgasms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56942ff3ad3480a2e446ae683a47a284", "text": "Sex worker A sex worker is a person who is employed in the sex industry . The term is used in reference to all those in all areas of the sex industry including those who provide direct sexual services as well as the staff of such industries . Some sex workers are paid to engage in sex acts or sexually explicit behavior which involve varying degrees of physical contact with clients ( prostitutes and some but not all professional dominants ) ; pornography models and actors engage in sexually explicit behavior which are filmed or photographed . Phone sex operators have sexually-oriented conversations with clients , and do auditive sexual roleplay . Other sex workers are paid to engage in live sexual performance , such as web cam sex and performers in live sex shows . Some sex workers perform erotic dances and other acts for an audience ( striptease , Go-Go dancing , lap dancing , Neo-burlesque , and peep shows ) . Sexual surrogates often engage in sexual activity as part of therapy with their clients . Thus , although the term sex worker is sometimes viewed as a synonym or euphemism for `` prostitute '' , it is more general . Some people use the term to avoid invoking the stigma associated with the word `` prostitute '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8554f9efe8fca3e081eaea607fc02033", "text": "Travis Barker Travis Landon Barker ( born November 14 , 1975 ) is an American musician and producer , and the drummer for the rock band Blink-182 . Barker has also performed as a frequent collaborator with hip-hop artists , and with the alternative rock band +44 , the rap rock group the Transplants , the alternative rock band Box Car Racer , and most recently with Antemasque . He was a frequent collaborator with the late DJ AM , and together they formed TRV$ DJAM . After the split of his first band , Feeble , Barker began playing for the Aquabats in 1996 as the Baron Von Tito . He recorded one album with them , The Fury of The Aquabats ! , in 1997 . His career rose when he joined Blink-182 in 1998 . Barker has since established himself as a versatile drummer , producing and making guest appearances in music projects of numerous music genres including hip hop , alternative rock , pop and country . He has gained significant acceptance within the hip-hop community in particular and often collaborates with artists to compose rock-tinged remixes to their songs . Barker collaborated with artists ( including Game , Yelawolf , Tom Morello , Corey Taylor , Slaughterhouse , Raekwon , Busta Rhymes , RZA , Slash , and other musicians ) for his solo debut album , Give the Drummer Some , which was released on March 15 , 2011 . In 2011 , he worked with Steve Aoki and Kid Cudi in Aoki 's hit single Cudi the Kid , as part of his album Wonderland , with Barker as lead drummer . Aside from drumming , he founded clothing company Famous Stars and Straps in 1999 and LaSalle Records in 2004 . Companies such as DC Shoes and Zildjian cymbals have co-designed products in his name . Rolling Stone referred to him as `` punk 's first superstar drummer . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a0876e1ddb169ddb71c049f0eba02b85", "text": "Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) . The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates . My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c24c3cc57da8bdd7a2c6fc50f5c3c0c", "text": "Wishful Thinking (Australian band) Wishful Thinking ( or Wishful ) were an Australian three-piece pop-punk band which formed in Tasmania in 1998 and disbanded in 2006 . The line-up included Alistair Elkins on bass guitar , Carl Jackson on lead vocals and Leigh Thompson on drums . In 2002 Carlos Echeverria was replaced by Elkins on bass guitar . Carl 's brother Lachlan Jackson was the bassist in the original lineup ( along with a handful of drummers ) before they moved to Melbourne . They were one of Australia 's `` buzz '' punk/pop acts and were signed to Boomtown Records . Wishful Thinking 's musical style was pop punk and followed in the style of such bands like Blink 182 and New Found Glory . Wishful Thinking shared stages and toured with such bands , including Millencolin , MXPX , Kisschasy , Area-7 , Gyroscope , All Star United , Relient K , The O.C. Supertones , and Antiskeptic . Wishful Thinking also had rotation on the radio stations Triple M and Triple J , with their single ' I Do n't Need You ' which was released in 2003 and their single ` The Day You Went Away ' in 2004 . Tim Cashmere of Undercover News reviewed their debut album , Standing Still ( 2003 ) ; he described them as a `` Christian-punk act '' and felt the album was `` none-too-shabby , albeit none-too-original either ... The god-fearing punk beats of Wishful Thinking makes an interesting point of difference . '' Ben Seifu of vibewire.net noticed that `` the production is quite professional without being too smooth or processed . The drums in particular are captured reasonably well . But beyond that Standing Still is pretty standard pop punk stuff . '' Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that it `` oozes of punk pop goodness that echoes heroes of said genre such as MXPX . The band 's strength lies in their combination of consistent punk power chords with a lyrical depth underpinning their spiritual beliefs . '' Steph Brincat of Oz Music Project reviewed the group 's second album , Kicking Goals , Banging Gongs & High Five All Round , rating it at four out of five due to the `` classic pop-punk sound that we have all come to know and love , without making it sound horrible and generic , and I assure you that I am not being sarcastic or ironic . The music is tight and although it does n't stray from the usual pop-punk recipe of repetitive yet catchy bass , guitar and drum explosion , there is variation in their tunes such as interesting little guitar licks and bass solos . '' The band reformed for a once-off show in August 2013 at the Adelaide Uni Bar with S.T.R.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46038e8d5f801dc73ff90fede4e1286a", "text": "Clutch discography The discography of Clutch , an American rock band , consists of eleven studio albums , five live albums , three compilation albums , five extended plays , ten singles , and two video albums . Clutch was formed in 1991 by vocalist Neil Fallon , guitarist Tim Sult , bassist Dan Maines and drummer Jean-Paul Gaster . The group debuted with Pitchfork , an EP released in October that same year . The band built a local following through constant gigging and released their second EP Passive Restraints through Earache ) . Clutch was signed by the East West Records label and released their full-length debut Transnational Speedway League . A self-titled album appeared two years later , which afforded the band some mainstream exposure . Clutch then signed with major label Columbia for 1998 's The Elephant Riders , but released 1999 's Jam Room on their own River Road Records label . In 2001 the band signed with Atlantic for the release of Pure Rock Fury , which included guest appearances from members of Spirit Caravan and Sixty Watt Shaman . Their sixth album , Blast Tyrant , appeared three years later and was the first through DRT Entertainment , followed by Robot Hive/Exodus in 2005 , which featured the first lineup change since the early 1990s ; the addition of organist Mick Schauer . 2007 saw the release of From Beale Street to Oblivion , and in the next year their first video , entitled Full Fathom Five : Video Field Recordings , which was accompanied by a CD version Full Fathom Five : Audio Field Recordings . In 2009 , Clutch released Strange Cousins from the West on their own label , Weathermaker Music . The band was once again a four-piece , without Schauer in the line-up . In 2013 , they released their tenth studio album Earth Rocker again through Weathermaker , their highest charting record in the US at the time . It peaked at # 15 on the Billboard 200 chart . In 2015 , they released Psychic Warfare on Weathermaker , peaking at # 11 on the Billboard 200 . That same year , they also released a compilation album , La Curandera , exclusively on pink vinyl , as part of the Ten Bands , One Cause campaign for breast cancer awareness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aed2cdf6f1158584ba0ac937c8ad43f1", "text": "Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22415df9a1e926acee4dd681b595603d", "text": "Amusement Parks on Fire Amusement Parks on Fire are a British rock band from Nottingham . The band was established by Michael Feerick in 2004 , who wrote and performed all the instruments for the self-titled debut album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671f4b108f4ba135cf9480e84534d2f5", "text": "Nothing Gold Can Stay (album) Nothing Gold Can Stay is the debut studio album by American rock band New Found Glory , released on October 19 , 1999 through independent record label Eulogy Recordings . At the time , the band was then named `` A New Found Glory '' , but later dropped the indefinite article `` A '' due to some fans struggling to find their records in stores . The original pressings of the album contained samplings from several films including The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Weird Science ( 1985 ) , and That Thing You Do ! ( 1996 ) , as well as Robert Frost 's poem `` Nothing Gold Can Stay '' , after which the album is named . On the strength of the release , Richard Reines , co-founder of Drive-Thru Records , signed the band after paying Eulogy a $ 5,000 license fee in order to re-release the album . Propelled by debut single `` Hit or Miss '' , Nothing Gold Can Stay garnered a cult following and sold in excess of 300,000 copies . The record was responsible for breaking the band in the United States and has been noted for its influence on contemporary pop punk music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9776e6c69ee531243c7664859f3cbec0", "text": "Flatland Cavalry Flatland Cavalry is a country and Americana band from Lubbock , Texas . The band consists of vocalist Cleto Cordero , drummer Jason Albers , bassist Jonathan Saenz , guitarist Reid Dillon , and fiddler Laura Jane . Flatland Cavalry was formed in 2012 by Cordero and Albers , who were college roommates in Midland and performed together before moving to Lubbock , where the rest of the members came together by 2014 . In May 2015 , the band 's debut EP , titled Come May , was released after a crowd-funding campaign was used to finance its production . On April 1 , 2016 , their first full-length album , Humble Folks , was released to positive reviews and comparisons to the music of the Turnpike Troubadours . Humble Folks peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Americana/Folk albums chart and number 38 on the Top Country Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade06501167cd32d4c893bf6c596bcc6", "text": "Owl Pharaoh Owl Pharaoh is the debut mixtape by American rapper Travis Scott . It was released on May 21 , 2013 , for free by Grand Hustle Records and Epic Records . The mixtape features guest appearances from T.I. , Wale , 2 Chainz , Toro y Moi , A$ AP Ferg , Theophilus London , Paul Wall , James Fauntleroy and Meek Mill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd6514796e17f3eeca00280a6b9ad37", "text": "Rough Trade Records Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London , England . It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove . Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk , very early indie pop and early post-punk bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles , Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label , which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative . Soon after , Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain , a network that became known as the Cartel . Interest and investment of major labels in the UK indie scene in the late 1980s , as well as overtrading on behalf of Rough Trade 's distribution wing , led to cash flow problems , and eventually to bankruptcy , forcing the label into receivership . However , Travis resurrected the label in the late 1990s , finding success with The Libertines , The Strokes and Antony and the Johnsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704786c98668b6136401b43c0f84400f", "text": "Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 . After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d1980feb320a36c1ff7025a1748e0b4", "text": "Mark Hoppus Mark Allan Hoppus ( born March 15 , 1972 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , record producer , and television personality best known as the bassist and co-lead vocalist for the pop punk band Blink-182 . Born in Ridgecrest , California , Hoppus spent his childhood moving back and forth between his mother and father 's houses , as they divorced when he was in third grade . He became interested in skateboarding and punk rock in junior high , and received a bass guitar from his father at the age of fifteen . After moving to San Diego in 1992 , Hoppus ' sister introduced him to Tom DeLonge , and together with drummer Scott Raynor , they formed the band Blink-182 . Following Raynor and DeLonge 's departures from the band in 1998 and 2015 , respectively , Hoppus is now the only remaining founding member of Blink-182 . Blink-182 produced several rock recordings and toured exhaustively before signing to major label MCA to co-distribute their sophomore effort , 1997 's Dude Ranch , which featured the Hoppus-penned hit `` Dammit '' . After replacing Raynor with Travis Barker , the trio recorded Enema of the State ( 1999 ) , which launched the band into multiplatinum success , becoming the biggest pop punk act of the era . Two more records followed -- the heavier Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) and the more experimental Blink-182 ( 2003 ) -- before the band split in 2005 following internal tension . Hoppus continued playing with Barker in +44 in the late 2000s . Blink-182 subsequently reunited in 2009 and continue to record and tour worldwide . Aside from his musical career , Hoppus has had multiple successes behind the recording console , producing records for groups such as Idiot Pilot , New Found Glory , The Matches , Motion City Soundtrack and PAWS . He has previously co-owned two companies , Atticus and Macbeth Footwear , and has begun a clothing line named Hi My Name is Mark . Hoppus hosted a weekly podcast in 2005 through 2006 which returned in 2015 , and he hosted his own television talk show , Hoppus on Music , from 2010 to 2012 on Fuse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "842f06eca66423ab3571680a1c822ea8", "text": "Ten Benson Ten Benson are a rock band from London , United Kingdom formed in 1997 . Their early releases saw them described as `` psychedelic hillbillies '' , but they later moved on to a ( cod - ) heavy metal sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea994cfd4c2572b2c075ec60147ddbc0", "text": "Necrophagia Necrophagia is an American death metal band . Necrophagia is credited as one of the very first groups within the death metal genre , along with Possessed , Death and Obituary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47b0d5c2418244093da853d9481bec26", "text": "Nicholas Barker Nicholas Howard Barker is a British extreme metal drummer best known as the original drummer for British metal band Cradle of Filth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a12180d4025157e73e9380c67c298da", "text": "Mississippi (band) Mississippi were an Australian soft rock band ( 1972 -- 1975 ) , which included Graham Goble on guitar and lead vocals , Beeb Birtles on lead vocals and guitar , Derek Pellicci on drums and Kerryn Tolhurst on lead vocals and lead guitar . The band had started as Allison Gros in Adelaide in 1970 and moved to Melbourne in 1971 where they recorded as Allison Gros , Drummond and , early in 1972 , became Mississippi . As Drummond they issued a cover version of `` Daddy Cool '' ( July 1971 ) , which peaked at No. 1 on the Go-Set National Top 40 for eight weeks . As Mississippi they reached No. 10 with `` Kings of the World '' ( October 1972 ) . In early 1975 , with Birtles , Goble and Pellici aboard and the addition of Glenn Shorrock , the group were renamed , Little River Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8bb547fb9551eb81ec7b653a8a0cb7", "text": "Crowbar (American band) Crowbar is an American sludge metal band formed in New Orleans , Louisiana in 1988 . Through infusing a slow , low-keyed , brooding doom metal sound with hardcore punk aggression , they pioneered sludge metal alongside other bands of the New Orleans heavy metal scene such as Eyehategod , Soilent Green , Acid Bath , and Down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23209c92a77c46575196318f6b93c28e", "text": "The Chesterfields The Chesterfields were an English indie pop band from Yeovil in Somerset . Hardcore fans tended to refer to them as `` The Chesterf!elds '' , with an exclamation mark replacing the `` i '' , following the example of the band 's logo . The band was formed in summer 1984 by Dave Goldsworthy ( vocals , guitar ) , Simon Barber ( bass , vocals ) , and Dominic Manns ( drums ) , joined in 1985 by Brendan Holden ( guitar ) . Early recordings included contributions to the Golden Pathway tapes , that captured the West Country music scene of the time , such as `` Stephanie Adores '' and `` The Boy Who Sold His Suitcase '' , the latter with a female lead singer , Sarah . The first vinyl release was as one half of a flexi disc ; `` Nose out of Joint '' shared a single side with The Shop Assistants ' `` Home Again '' , and was given away free with copies of London 's Legend fanzine and future Subway Organisation boss , Martin Whitehead 's own Bristol fanzine . They signed to The Subway Organization , releasing three well-received singles , before Holden was replaced by Rodney Allen . The debut LP Kettle was released in July 1987 , with a compilation of the early singles , Westward Ho ! issued later the same year . Allen left to join The Blue Aeroplanes , to be replaced temporarily by Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race , before a more permanent replacement was found in the form of Simon Barber 's brother Mark . The band then moved to their own Household label , issuing two more singles and a third album , Crocodile Tears . Manns left and was replaced by future PJ Harvey drummer Rob Ellis but when Goldsworthy departed in late 1988 the band effectively split . The Barber brothers continued as The Chesterfields for a final single , `` Fool Is The Man '' in 1989 . The band split for good in the summer of 1989 , Simon Barber forming Basinger , and Mark Barber joined Grape . Goldsworthy fronted several more bands , including Furnt , Diceman and Mujer 21 ( Band ) . The Chesterfields reformed briefly in the 1990s to tour Japan after their material was re-issued there . Dave Goldsworthy ( Davy Chesterfield ) was killed by a hit & run driver in Oxford , UK , on 9 November 2004 . The band 's continuing fanbase saw much of their back-catalogue re-issued by Vinyl Japan in the 1990s . In June 2014 to celebrate the legendary NME C86 tape , Design ( fronted by Barber ) along with Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race played a set of songs by The Chesterfields at the 92 Club in London . Following the success of The Chesterfields set at the NME C86 gig , Design continued to play classic Chesterfields songs such as ` Johnny Dee ' , ` Lunchtime for the Wild Youth ' and ` Last Train to Yeovil ' throughout 2014 & 2015 . In 2016 , The Chesterfields with their new line up of Simon Barber , Andy Strickland , Helen Stickland and Rob Parry played Exeter 's Cavern Club and The 100 Club in London , with further gigs announced including a return to Yeovil with The Haywains . The Chesterfields have been announced as playing the NYC Popfest in New York , from 19 -- 22 May 2016 to coincide with a new EP release , the title of which is still to be confirmed at this time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "186311c2cb992eae34a4ebd2b16b0d45", "text": "Where You Stand (song) `` Where You Stand '' is a song by alternative rock band Travis , written by Dougie Payne , Holly Partridge and Fran Healy . It was released on 30 April 2013 as the lead single from the band 's seventh studio album , Where You Stand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c93bcf6521ca6de22d4f55413ec66d8b", "text": "Drain (band) Drain were an American noise rock band formed in Austin , Texas by King Coffey in 1992 . The group also included David McCreath on guitar and bassist Owen McMahon of Cherubs . Along with the psychedelic leanings of Coffey 's other band the Butthole Surfers , Drain also ventures into electronic and techno music territory . Also , samplers and drum machines play a stronger role in the music .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "92ebb69f377f95249f311cc545805314", "text": "Walt Whitman Walter `` Walt '' Whitman ( -LSB- ˈhwɪtmən -RSB- May 31 , 1819 -- March 26 , 1892 ) was an American poet , essayist , and journalist . A humanist , he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism , incorporating both views in his works . Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon , often called the father of free verse . His work was very controversial in its time , particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass , which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality . Born in Huntington on Long Island , Whitman worked as a journalist , a teacher , a government clerk , and -- in addition to publishing his poetry -- was a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War . Early in his career , he also produced a temperance novel , Franklin Evans ( 1842 ) . Whitman 's major work , Leaves of Grass , was first published in 1855 with his own money . The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person with an American epic . He continued expanding and revising it until his death in 1892 . After a stroke towards the end of his life , he moved to Camden , New Jersey , where his health further declined . When he died at age 72 , his funeral became a public spectacle .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "74053974de413874c536125f71fb393a", "text": "Orphan Brigade The Orphan Brigade was the nickname of the First Kentucky Brigade , a group of military units recruited from the Commonwealth of Kentucky to fight for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . The brigade was the largest Confederate unit to be recruited from Kentucky during the war . Its original commander was Major General John C. Breckinridge , former Vice President of the United States and candidate for President , who was enormously popular with Kentuckians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b4309d8b41e4528b645c33427920702", "text": "Allen Allensworth Allen Allensworth ( 7 April 1842 -- 14 September 1914 ) , born into slavery in Kentucky , escaped during the American Civil War and became a Union soldier ; later he became a Baptist minister and educator , and was appointed as a chaplain in the United States Army . He was the first African American to reach the rank of lieutenant colonel . He planted numerous churches , and in 1908 founded Allensworth , California , the only town in the state to be founded , financed and governed by African Americans . During the American Civil War , he escaped by joining the 44th Illinois Volunteers and later served two years in the navy . After being ordained as a minister , he worked as a teacher , studied theology and led several churches . In 1880 and 1884 , he served as the only black delegate from Kentucky in the Republican National Conventions . In 1886 , he gained an appointment as a military chaplain to a unit of Buffalo Soldiers in the West and served in the US Army for 20 years , retiring in 1906 . In addition to his work in developing churches , he was notable for founding the township of Allensworth , California in 1908 ; it was intended as an all-black community . Although environmental conditions inhibited its success as a farming community and the residents abandoned it after a few generations , much of the former town has been preserved as the Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park . It marks the founders ' dream and the thriving community that developed for some time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f30915d2f39fd4031e49a302b4a0fa", "text": "Samuel Allen Rice Samuel Allen Rice ( January 27 , 1828 -- July 6 , 1864 ) was born in Cattaraugus , New York . He attended Franklin College ( New Athens , Ohio ) in Ohio and then graduated from Union College at Schenectady , New York in 1849 . Then in 1851 , he moved to Oskaloosa , Iowa in Mahaska County , where he practiced law , was county attorney , and then served as the second Attorney General of Iowa in 1856 -- 1861 on behalf of the Republican Party . In the American Civil War , he was a colonel in the 33rd Iowa Volunteer Infantry which was mustered into U.S. Army service on October 4 , 1862 within Mahaska County . He fought to open the Yazoo River for navigation , and then he commanded the 2nd Brigade , 13th Division , XIII Corps at Helena , Arkansas . In August 1863 , he was appointed Brigadier General , U.S. Volunteers . On April 30 , 1864 at Jenkins ' Ferry , Arkansas , he was mortally wounded and then was returned to his home state of Iowa . He died at Oskaloosa , Iowa , July 6 , 1864 and was interred at Forest Cemetery in Oskaloosa . He was the older brother of Union general Elliott Warren Rice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c20642600fd25749ae2e0ba528740de", "text": "Henry Washington Benham Henry Washington Benham ( April 17 , 1813 -- July 1 , 1884 ) was an American soldier and civil engineer who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Benham was born at Cheshire , Connecticut . He graduated at the top of his class from the United States Military Academy in 1837 . He was connected with various government works as a member of the Engineer Corps , and served in the Mexican War in 1847-48 . From 1849 to 1852 , he was superintending engineer of the sea wall for the protection of Great Brewster Island , Boston Harbor , and from 1852 to 1853 of the Washington ( D.C. ) Navy Yard . In 1861 he was appointed engineer of the Department of the Ohio ; in the same year he was promoted to be a brigadier general of volunteers and commanded a brigade at New Creek . He disobeyed orders and was subject to a court martial after the battle of James Island on June 16 , 1862 , at which he was in immediate command under Gen David Hunter . From 1863 to 1865 , with the rank of lieutenant colonel , he was in command of the engineer brigade of the Army of the Potomac . Benham was mustered out of the volunteer service on January 15 , 1866 . On January 13 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Benham for the award of the brevet grade of major general of volunteers to rank from March 13 , 1865 and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on March 12 , 1866 . On December 11 , 1866 , President Johnson nominated Benham for the award of the brevet grade of major general , U. S. Army , to rank from March 13 , 1865 and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on March 2 , 1867 . Promoted to colonel in 1867 , he was in charge of the Boston Harbor sea wall from 1866 to 1873 , and of the defenses of New York Harbor from 1877 to 1882 . He was an expert in the construction of pontoon bridges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301b1e27707d5ddab5bb6af040de6bb3", "text": "Stand Watie Stand Watie ( -LSB- ᏕᎦᏔᎦ , translit = Degataga , lit = Stand firm -RSB- ) ( December 12 , 1806 -- September 9 , 1871 ) -- also known as Standhope Uwatie , Tawkertawker , and Isaac S. Watie -- was a leader of the Cherokee Nation , and not only a brigadier general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War , but the only Native American general of the Confederate Army . He commanded the Confederate Indian cavalry of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi , made up mostly of Cherokee , Muskogee and Seminole , and was the final Confederate general in the field to cease hostilities at war 's end . Prior to removal of the Cherokee to Indian Territory in the late 1830s , Watie and his older brother Elias Boudinot were among leaders who signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835 . The majority of the tribe opposed their action . In 1839 the brothers were attacked in an assassination attempt , as were other relatives active in the Treaty Party . All but Stand Watie were killed . Watie in 1842 killed one of his uncle 's attackers , and in 1845 his brother Thomas Watie was killed in retaliation , in the continuing cycle of violence . Watie was acquitted at trial in the 1850s on the grounds of self-defense . During the American Civil War and soon after , Watie served as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation ( 1862 -- 1866 ) . By then , the majority of the tribe supported the Confederacy . A minority supported the Union and refused to ratify his election . The former chief John Ross , a Union supporter , was captured in 1862 by Union forces . Watie led the Southern Cherokee delegation to Washington after the war to sue for peace , hoping to have tribal divisions recognized . The US government negotiated only with the leaders who had sided with the Union , and named John Ross as principal chief in 1866 under a new treaty . Watie stayed out of politics for his last years , and tried to rebuild his plantation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcdbd3fb2c9b8efa50ce96f550eb3d5e", "text": "William Rosecrans William Starke Rosecrans ( September 6 , 1819March 11 , 1898 ) was an American inventor , coal-oil company executive , diplomat , politician , and U.S. Army officer . He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War . He was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles , but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863 . Rosecrans graduated in 1842 from the West Point Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering . At the start of the Civil War , leading troops from Ohio , he achieved early combat success in western Virginia . In 1862 in the Western Theater , he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant . His brusque , outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a professional rivalry with Grant ( as well as with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ) that would adversely affect Rosecrans ' career . Given command of the Army of the Cumberland , he fought against Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg at Stones River , and later outmaneuvered him in the brilliant Tullahoma Campaign , driving the Confederates from Middle Tennessee . His strategic movements then caused Bragg to abandon the critical city of Chattanooga , but Rosecrans ' pursuit of Bragg ended during the bloody Battle of Chickamauga , where his unfortunately worded order mistakenly opened a gap in the Union line and Rosecrans and a third of his army were swept from the field . Besieged in Chattanooga , Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant . Following his humiliating defeat , Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri , where he opposed Price 's Raid . He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 . After the war , he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress , representing California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c8a93e9b9c2d881f595fc3a5054ad4", "text": "35th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 35th Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8f9206e5aa339d13ff97cff32e4f9c7", "text": "List of United States Volunteer Civil War units While the vast majority of number of volunteer units during the American Civil War were enlisted by the states , a small number were enlisted directly by the Federal government . These units included regiments like Hiram Berdan 's U.S. Sharpshooters and `` Galvanized Yankees '' recruited from Confederate prisoners of war recruited to fight Indians on the frontier rather than remain in prison camps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf2c07cf053371aa1da09cbb8e283dc", "text": "William Bensinger William Bensinger ( January 14 , 1840 to December 19 , 1918 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Bensinger was the second person to receive the country 's highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Great Locomotive Chase in Georgia ( U.S. state ) in April 1862 . He was honored with the award on 25 March 1863 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1683535e42e65075b19b7951e318555d", "text": "Joseph Taylor (Medal of Honor) Joseph Taylor ( September 22 , 1837 - February 16 , 1912 ) was an English soldier who fought for the Union Army in the United States during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for valor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86832d385d8d61e04dd2072eccf44674", "text": "William P. Hogarty William Patrick Hogarty ( February 16 , 1840 - October 23 , 1914 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Hogarty received his country 's highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor . Hogarty 's medal was won for his actions during two battles , in the Battle of Antietam , Maryland on September 17 , 1862 , and the Battle of Fredericksburg , Virginia on December 13 , 1862 . He was honored with the award on June 22 , 1891 . Hogarty born in New York City , and joined the 23rd New York Infantry from Elmira , New York in May 1861 . He was discharged in January 1863 , but was commissioned as a second lieutenant with the Veteran Reserve Corps two years later . Despite his disability , he continued serving in the Army until retiring in December 1870 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeb06139d8c0f3d18b55fb74ca9f1795", "text": "9th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry The 9th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8a9bc9c12184e2c719549e4ed1f8966", "text": "Charles Huntington Whitman Charles Huntington Whitman ( November 24 , 1873 -- December 27 , 1937 ) was the Chair of the Department of English at Rutgers University for 26 years ( 1911-1937 ) and a noted scholar of Edmund Spenser and early English verse . Whitman was born in Abbot , Maine to Nathan Whitman and Helen Augusta Thoms but attended Bangor High School in Bangor , Maine ( Class of 1892 ) before obtaining his B.A. from Colby College in 1897 . In 1900 , he received a PhD from Yale University for a dissertation on The Birds in Old English Literature . In the same year , he completed a translation of Cynewulf 's The Christ , a companion to Yale professor Albert Stanburrough Cook 's critical edition of the poem . Whitman went on to take an Assistant Professorship at Lehigh University . He was invited to Rutgers University in 1906 , and accepted the Chair of the Rutgers University English Department in 1911 , a position he maintained until his death . His tenure saw many reforms , most importantly the creation of a graduate program , the doubling in size of the faculty , and a transition from declamation to composition and analysis . At the time of this death he was considered `` one of the most popular professors at the university '' . Whitman was married to Rachel Jones Foster in 1902 , and they had three children : Hilda Trull ( b. 1908 ) , Alan Foster ( b. 1909 ) , Dunbar ( b. 1912 ) , and Esther Huntington ( b. 1917 ) . He died from a heart attack on December 27 , 1937 in Highland Park , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0e2d57a819115615f34482516a5272", "text": "Kentucky in the American Civil War Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War . President Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of the Commonwealth when , in a September 1861 letter to Orville Browning , he wrote : I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game . Kentucky gone , we can not hold Missouri , nor Maryland . These all against us , and the job on our hands is too large for us . We would as well consent to separation at once , including the surrender of this capitol . Kentucky , being a border state , was among the chief places where the `` Brother against brother '' scenario was prevalent . Kentucky officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war , but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy , the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance . After early 1862 Kentucky came largely under Union control . Kentucky was the site of several fierce battles , including Mill Springs and Perryville . It was host to such military leaders as Ulysses S. Grant on the Union side , who first encountered serious Confederate gunfire coming from Columbus , Kentucky , and Confederate cavalry leader Nathan Bedford Forrest . Forrest proved to be a scourge to the Union Army in western Kentucky , even making an attack on Paducah . Kentuckian John Hunt Morgan further challenged Union control , as he conducted numerous cavalry raids through the state . Kentucky was the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln , his wife Mary Todd , and his southern counterpart , Confederate President Jefferson Davis . In the historiography of the Civil War , Kentucky is treated primarily as a border state , with special attention to the social divisions during the secession crisis , invasions and raids , internal violence , sporadic guerrilla warfare , federal-state relations , the ending of slavery , and the return of Confederate veterans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6039be1abb6027ab46a61c1bf14d54c8", "text": "Henry Marchmore Shaw Henry Marchmore Shaw ( November 20 , 1817 -- February 1 , 1864 ) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina , as well as an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . He was killed in action , one of a handful of former U.S. Congressmen to perish during the conflict . Henry M. Shaw was born in Newport , Rhode Island , November 20 , 1817 . His parents were John Allen and Elizabeth Muchmore Shaw of Newport . His father was a silversmith with interests in the West Indies trade out of Newport . The family moved to North Carolina after his father lost ships and a good portion of his livelihood to the British in the War of 1812 . It 's said that his brother , Silas Gardner Shaw , took the lighthouse Keeper position at Beavertail Lighthouse ( 1858-1862 , 1863-1869 ) to avoid fighting against his brother in the war . Their mother died in 1829 , Silas at 6 years old was sent back to Newport to live with relatives ; Henry stayed in North Carolina with his father . Henry completed preparatory studies and graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1838 . He began his medical practice in Indiantown , North Carolina . He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress ( March 4 , 1853 -- March 3 , 1855 ) . Shaw was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-fourth Congress . He was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress ( March 4 , 1857 -- March 3 , 1859 ) and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-sixth Congress . Henry Debated `` The Kansas Question '' in April 1858 ; his brother Silas would take the government job at Beavertail Lighthouse in December of that same year . He was a vocal secessionist who called for North Carolina 's secession from the Union even prior to Lincoln 's election in 1860 . He signed the North Carolina Ordinance of Secession on May 21 of 1861 with a quill pen he made especially for that purpose . The pen is on display at the North Carolina Museum of History located in Raleigh . The North Carolinians had convened the day before , marking the 86th anniversary of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence . With the outbreak of the Civil War , Shaw enlisted in the Confederate army and was appointed as a colonel . He was in command of the Confederate forces at the Battle of Roanoke Island . In January 1862 , General Ambrose E. Burnside leading New England Federal forces ( including many Rhode Islanders ) with about sixty ships and over 13,000 men began to enter Hatteras inlet , and assembled in Pamlico Sound . On February 6 , 1862 Burnside 's forces entered Roanoke Harbor . On the morning of February 8 Burnside 's forces landed on the south end of Roanoke Island and advanced towards the north . From the Fort Raleigh National Historic Site website `` Coming around the turn in the road , the Union forces saw their first view of the island 's main defense -- the three-gun battery . This battery , sitting astride the road , was thirty-five yards wide with a water-filled ditch eight feet wide and three feet deep guarding the front . Supporting the three guns were about 1,000 poorly armed soldiers from various regiments . '' Colonel Shaw and his men put up a valiant struggle , but were eventually overwhelmed by the Federal forces which had five times the number of men . Colonel Shaw surrendered to avoid a massacre of his men . Although Roanoke was considered a small battle in the larger picture of the Civil War , it was a pivotal turning point in Northern Support for the war ; prior to that the North had not had much success and public support of the war was waning . Shaw was paroled and the North Carolina Eighth reorganized in the fall of 1862 . Colonel Shaw took command once again leading forces in Charleston , Wilmington , and the trenches of Petersburg , Virginia . On February 1 , 1864 , in the early morning hours , at Batchelder 's Creek , while assembling on the road for the expedition to New Bern , he was shot from his horse . The bullet entered his cheek and traversed his head killing him instantly . His body was recovered and interred in the cemetery at Shawboro , North Carolina ; the town of Shawboro was named in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f3b390792f50533c8ad9179b0560a1", "text": "Thornsbury Bailey Brown Thornsbury Bailey Brown ( May 15 , 1829 -- May 22 , 1861 ) of Taylor County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) is generally considered the first Union soldier killed by a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War . Brown , a member of a Virginia militia or volunteer company which supported the Union with the grade of private , was killed by a member of a Virginia militia or volunteer company which supported the Confederacy at Fetterman , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) on May 22 , 1861 . The members of both companies were from the same general vicinity of Taylor County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7ef592221ee848bd24b9a35727f27b6", "text": "1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment The 1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment was a regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It suffered more casualties in an ill-fated charge during the Siege of Petersburg than any Union regiment lost in a single day of combat throughout the war . It was also the Union regiment with the highest number of officers killed ( 23 ) . The regiment was mustered in Bangor , Maine , in 1862 as the 18th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment and consisted mostly of men and officers from the Penobscot River Valley ( the area around Bangor and points east ) . It was commanded by Col. Daniel Chaplin , a Bangor merchant . Charles Hamlin , son of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin , was originally an officer in this regiment , but was promoted to a position on the staff of Maj. Gen. Hiram G. Berry before it saw significant action . The regiment 's name was changed in 1863 to the 1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment , and it served in the defenses of Washington , D.C. before being reassigned to the Army of the Potomac during the Overland Campaign in the spring of 1864 . At the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House , the regiment took its first heavy casualties -- 6 officers and 76 men killed , and another 6 officers and 388 men wounded . At Petersburg , however , an ill-advised charge across an open field toward Confederate breastworks on June 18 , 1864 , ordered by Chaplin , resulted in the greatest single loss of life in a Union regiment to occur in the war , with 7 officers and 108 men killed , and another 25 officers and 464 men wounded . These casualties constituted 67 % of the strength of the 900-man force . Chaplin survived the action but was later killed by a sharpshooter . All in all , the 1st Maine sustained one of the highest casualty rates in the war , with 423 killed , and another 260 died of disease . A monument to the 1st Maine stands on the former battlefield at Petersburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92e0559723669294d1dd358fc9bdc5f", "text": "Charles Day (Medal of Honor) Charles Day ( May 28 , 1844 to July 29 , 1901 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Day received the country 's highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Hatcher 's Run in Virginia on 6 February 1865 . He was honored with the award on 20 July 1897 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b24be052e4fbe86c127483f9a56659f", "text": "On being asked for a War Poem thumb | right | Photograph of William Butler Yeats taken by Charles Beresford in 1911 `` On being asked for a War Poem '' is a poem by William Butler Yeats written on February 6 , 1915 in response to a request by Henry James that Yeats compose a political poem about World War I. Yeats changed the poem 's title from `` To a friend who has asked me to sign his manifesto to the neutral nations '' to `` A Reason for Keeping Silent '' before sending it in a letter to James , which Yeats wrote at Coole Park on August 20 , 1915 . The poem was prefaced with a note stating : `` It is the only thing I have written of the war or will write , so I hope it may not seem unfitting . '' The poem was first published in Edith Wharton 's The Book of the Homeless in 1916 as `` A Reason for Keeping Silent '' . When it was later reprinted in The Wild Swans at Coole , the title was changed to `` On being asked for a War Poem '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c22a401c1da1e8a711b7dcee1af79fe4", "text": "Confederate States Army The Confederate States Army ( CSA ) was the military ground force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . On February 28 , 1861 , the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the Confederate president , Jefferson Davis , a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican War . In March 1861 , the Provisional Confederate Congress established a more permanent Confederate States Army . An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records ; all but extremely improbable estimates of the number of Confederate soldiers range between 600,000 and 1,500,000 men . The better estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 men . This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army , such as construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons . Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war , they do not represent the size of the army at any given date . These numbers do not include men who served in Confederate naval forces . Although most of the soldiers who fought in the American Civil War were volunteers , both sides by 1862 resorted to conscription , primarily as a means to force men to register and to volunteer . In the absence of exact records , estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts . Confederate casualty figures also are incomplete and unreliable . The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle , 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps . One estimate of Confederate wounded , which is considered incomplete , is 194,026 . These numbers do not include men who died from other causes such as accidents , which would add several thousand to the death toll . The main Confederate armies , the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston , surrendered to the U.S. on April 9 , 1865 ( officially April 12 ) , and April 18 , 1865 ( officially April 26 ) . Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16 , 1865 and June 28 , 1865 . By the end of the war , more than 100,000 Confederate soldiers had deserted . The Confederacy 's government effectively dissolved when it fled Richmond in April and exerted no control of the remaining armies .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "31d7de93e5aa01065ac221d360f90f90", "text": "Reg Watson Reginald James `` Reg '' Watson AM ( born 1926 ) , is an Australian retired television producer , best known for creating soap operas like Prisoner and Neighbours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e75b471ff4091584cc53144f614e6536", "text": "Reg Grundy Reginald Roy `` Reg '' Grundy ( 4 August 1923 -- 6 May 2016 ) was an Australian entrepreneur and media mogul , one of the pioneers and most successful of his generation . He was also the creator of many TV hits starting with game shows such as Wheel of Fortune and Blankety Blanks and later soap operas Neighbours , Prisoner , Sons and Daughters , and The Young Doctors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37df08fb8d84408f90ee05b999c3d783", "text": "Supernova (TV series) Supernova is a British comedy television programme produced by Hartswood Films and jointly commissioned by the BBC in the UK and UKTV in Australia . It follows Dr Paul Hamilton ( Rob Brydon ) , a Welsh astronomer , who leaves a dull academic post and unloved girlfriend for a new job at the Royal Australian Observatory , deep in the Australian outback . The comedy centres on his difficulties adjusting to life in the outback and his eccentric fellow astronomers . The first series was released in the United Kingdom and Australia in October 2005 and consisted of six 30-minute episodes . The second series began airing on 3 August 2006 in the UK . The exterior scenes were shot at Broken Hill in New South Wales , Australia . The observatory itself is a CGI creation , according to the DVD commentary , and only a partial doorway was constructed on site for filming purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce0dacc2ebea4d65c3481e9b3536292", "text": "One Foot in the Grave One Foot in the Grave is a British BBC television sitcom series written by David Renwick . There were six series and seven Christmas specials over an eleven-year period , from early 1990 to late 2000 . The first five series were broadcast between January 1990 and January 1995 . For the next five years , the show appeared only as Christmas specials , followed by one final series in 2000 . The series features the exploits of Victor Meldrew , played by Richard Wilson , and his long-suffering wife , Margaret , played by Annette Crosbie . Wilson initially turned down the part of Meldrew and David Renwick considered Les Dawson for the role , until Wilson changed his mind . The programmes invariably deal with Meldrew 's battle against the problems he creates for himself . Set in a typical suburb in southern England , Victor takes involuntary early retirement . His various efforts to keep himself busy , while encountering various misfortunes and misunderstandings are the themes of the sitcom . Indoor scenes were filmed at BBC Television Centre with most exterior scenes filmed on Tresillian Way in Walkford on the Dorset/Hampshire border . Despite its traditional production , the series subverts its domestic sitcom setting with elements of black humour and surrealism . The series was occasionally the subject of controversy for some of its darker story elements , but nevertheless received a number of awards , including the 1992 BAFTA for Best Comedy . The programme came 80th in the British Film Institute 's 100 Greatest British Television Programmes . The series , originally shown on BBC One , is now available on DVD and is regularly repeated in the United Kingdom . Four episodes were remade for BBC Radio 2 The series inspired a novel published in 1992 featuring the most memorable moments from the first two series and the first Christmas special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a94110ae16fa5e4b292a1effdf199e7", "text": "Pardon the Expression Pardon The Expression ! is an ITV sitcom made by Granada Television , that was first broadcast from Wednesday 2 June 1965 to Monday 27 June 1966 . The sitcom was one of only four spin-offs from the highly popular soap opera Coronation Street . Pardon the Expression itself had a spin-off : Turn out the Lights broadcast in 1967 . There was n't to be another spin-off until the 1980s with The Brothers McGregor , which reused two characters ( played by different actors ) who appeared in a single episode . Leonard Swindley ( played by Arthur Lowe ) was the central character . Formerly the manager of the fashion retail store `` Gamma Garments '' in Coronation Street , in this series he is the deputy manager of the department store Dobson and Hawks . His boss in the series was Ernest Parbold played by Paul Dawkins who was replaced by Wally Hunt played by Robert Dorning in series 2 . Other regulars were Betty Driver as canteen lady , Mrs Edgeley and Joy Stewart as Miss Sinclair , the boss 's secretary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "020e5809aed5c6ecb3564c0c0a3dbdff", "text": "Clive Gibbons Clive Archibald Gibbons is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Geoff Paine . Paine was spotted by the Reg Grundy Organisation and offered the role of Clive . He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 21 January 1986 . Clive 's storylines included running a gorillagram agency , setting up a gardening business , saving Lucy Robinson 's life and falling in love with Susan Cole . Paine decided not to renew his contract and he departed Neighbours on 27 February 1987 . In 1989 , the character made a brief return , before departing once again in October of that year . Paine reprised the role 28 years later , and Clive returned from 9 March 2017 as the new COO of Erinsborough Hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505152bf5ef7e624e442eb66ee175e93", "text": "Max Hoyland Max Hoyland is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Stephen Lovatt . He made his first appearance on 22 August 2002 and departed on 16 February 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b75b4d412512ce048599045b52ff7562", "text": "The House of Gristle The House of Gristle was a British children 's comedy sketch series for Children 's BBC which ran for nine weeks in the spring of 1994 . This was the Gristle family that had previously appeared in Dizzy Heights . This was mainly down to Steve Nallon 's puppetry and voice talents . The main concept behind the show was that an ordinary family , the Gristles , had been given their own television series and so they produced a sort amateur `` Family Television Channel '' , creating their own special versions of television programmes of the day . The series had parodies , sketches and its own serial . The serial , a comic gothic horror send up called The Curious Case of Dr Van Rental , was later broadcast as a whole in 1995 as a one-off special . In the series Steve Nallon played Vera Gristle , the mum of the family , who spent most of her time eating . The series was produced and directed by Martin Hughes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d014aabe3919daec8e762f5bb55ed4", "text": "Harry Ramsay Harry Ramsay is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Will Moore . The character made his first screen appearance on 18 May 2009 . Harry departed on 11 June 2010 after accepting a Basketball scholarship in Sydney . Harry has been portrayed as having a unique persona , being a loner refusing to accept help from others and rebelling against those around him . The character has been involved in storylines including being orphaned , plots involving the Department of Human Services and his subsequent time in foster care . Moore revealed that some viewers became angry at some of the things Harry did during his time on the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16c816023cceeefd0ba048584d707af", "text": "Century Falls Century Falls is a British cross-genre series broadcast in six twenty-five-minute episodes on BBC1 in early 1993 . Written by Russell T Davies , it tells the story of teenager Tess Hunter and her mother , who move to the seemingly idyllic rural village of Century Falls , only to find that it hides many powerful secrets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4751978b3c87e94ccfcef8a083ba48c1", "text": "OOglies OOglies is a stop-motion animated children 's television series produced by BBC Scotland for CBBC . The show involves short humorous sketches with household items and food , virtually all of which have googly eyes stuck on , hence the show 's title . The show first aired on 10 August 2009 on both CBBC and BBC HD . The commission was for two series of 13 shows , each 15 minutes long . The shows were produced in a block over five months in Glasgow . Voices are provided by Tim Dann , Peter Dickson and Shelley Longworth . The series was created and written ( `` set free '' ) by Nick Hopkin , Tim Dann and Austin Low . The show returned in 2015 as OOglies Funsize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2", "text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a0ab21f35ca5a2ca6fc32de8666d15", "text": "Doug Willis Douglas `` Doug '' Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Terence Donovan . Doug was introduced by executive producer Don Battye as the patriarch of the newly introduced Willis family . Donovan explained that being part of `` a loving family '' was one of the main reasons he accepted the role . He said he was happy to stay around for as long as the producers wanted him . Donovan made his first screen appearance as Doug during the episode broadcast on 18 July 1990 . Doug was portrayed as a man 's man , down-to-earth , easy-going and friendly . Doug was a builder , who loved his family and enjoyed spending time with his friends . Despite being `` an easy touch '' as a father , Doug could balance understanding with discipline . Doug and his wife , Pam ( Sue Jones ) had a solid marriage until they began to neglect each other due to work . When Doug thought Pam was having an affair with their neighbour Jim Robinson ( Alan Dale ) , he ended up having a one-night stand with Jill Weir ( Lyn Semler ) . Doug 's father , Bert ( Bud Tingwell ) , was introduced in 1993 . They had had a difficult relationship , but Doug made amends with his father when he learned he was dying . Shortly after , Doug got into debt and lost his job , causing him to sink into a deep depression . One of Doug 's last storylines saw him suffer a health scare in which he had to undergo an emergency operation . The character departed on 15 September 1994 , after being written out . In July 2005 , Donovan reprised his role as part of the show 's 20th anniversary celebrations . He reprised the role again in April 2014 and Doug came to Ramsay Street to visit his family . He was also diagnosed with Alzheimer 's disease . Doug continued to make guest appearances until his death in April 2016 , with his storylines mostly focusing on the progression of his Alzheimer 's and how it affects him and his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6134396fd4ef6942397d62b9f0a5063b", "text": "Norman Lovett Norman Lovett ( born 31 October 1946 ) is an English stand-up comedian and actor , best known for the role of Holly in Red Dwarf during the first , second , seventh ( as a guest star ) and eighth series . His comedy has a quiet , dead-pan surrealism , and in 2000 he made a successful stand up tour , co-headlining with Chris Barrie , who played Rimmer in Red Dwarf . Lovett was born in Windsor , Berkshire . In 1989 , he appeared in his own surreal BBC2 sitcom called I , Lovett , in which he played a character called Norman . Seven years later , he played Dr. Lovett in the short-lived sitcom Asylum which spawned many other successful careers . He has made a number of acting appearances such as the Ghost of Christmas Past in a TV adaptation of A Christmas Carol , Mr Follett in The History of Tom Jones , the film The Criminal , as well as the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances , and an appearance in The Young Ones in the episode `` Summer Holiday '' . He has appeared TV 's in The Bill and three episodes of the Scottish sitcom Rab C Nesbitt . In 2006 , he appeared in the low-budget British horror film Evil Aliens . In 2009 , Lovett refused to take part in any further Red Dwarf productions , after a disagreement . However , in November 2012 , following the success of Red Dwarf X , he stated that he has begun speaking with Doug Naylor again . In 2016 , he performed as part of the `` Keep Corbyn '' tour in support of the successful campaign to re-elect Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec106e41f5b4b95ed5f294e4994e80a7", "text": "List of Home and Away characters (1993) Home and Away is an Australian soap opera first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988 . The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 1993 , by order of first appearance . They were all introduced by the show 's then executive producer Andrew Howie , who had succeeded Des Monaghan . The 6th season of Home and Away began airing on 11 January 1993 . In January , John Adam and Laura Vazquez began appearing as Luke Cunningham and Sarah Thompson , respectively . Melissa George arrived in March playing Angel Brooks , while Imogen Miller was introduced in April . David Dixon began playing Nathan Roberts in October . Simon Baker took on the role of James Hudson in November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1867a1929460935467c4748c38161c41", "text": "Miracles Take Longer Miracles Take Longer was a United Kingdom drama series broadcast on ITV from January 1984 to May 1984 made by Thames Television . The drama depicted the life and cases dealt with by a branch of the Citizens Advice Bureau . The programme was networked at 15.30 on Mondays and Tuesdays excluding Bank Holidays and the March Budget . TVS and Central aired it on different days . Only one series was made and was replaced by the UK soap Gems and different Australian serials around the country . Miracles Take Longer was devised by John Kershaw . The series scriptwriters included : Robert Holmes and Johnny Byrne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97f9701b228ddbf2f819b7a078e2fdbd", "text": "Marx and Venus Marx and Venus was an Australian television comedy series broadcast on SBS TV . Set in Perth , Western Australia , the program was about two flat mates ; John Marx , played by Bryce Youngman and Venus Hoy , played by Rhoda Lopez . Originally Emma Lung was to play Venus Hoy , but she pulled out of the project before filming . The program premiered on 6 August 2007 . Episodes of the show are only five minutes long , and it was generally shown around 8:30 pm each Monday night . The theme music for the opening titles is `` Come on Come on '' by Little Birdy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b109bb62431ae0669572d6e1cd6410a", "text": "Hotch Potch House Hotch Potch House is a BBC TV show from 1996 aimed at preschool children . Hotch Potch House featured Richard Coombs as Raggs , Francis Wright ( Art Attack ) as Shelley and Rebecca Nagan ( Rosie and Jim ) as Woolie . It was directed by Vivienne Cozens . It was shot at Grip House Studios . The stated aim was to `` have the puppets teach children about their emotions and feelings in a way that relates to them . '' One feature was an animated storytime called `` The Mouse House '' told by Nana . The series is no longer in production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "874996477f7f5e17bd46d29e180ca01a", "text": "That Mitchell and Webb Sound That Mitchell and Webb Sound is a comedy sketch show on BBC Radio 4 which started on 28 August 2003 . A second series was broadcast in 2005 with a third starting on 24 May 2007 . The series became adapted for television as That Mitchell and Webb Look in 2006 . The series is seen in some ways a follow-up to The Mitchell and Webb Situation , a sketch show shown on Play UK in 2001 . That Mitchell and Webb Sound returned to BBC Radio 4 for a fourth series in 2009 , the first episode broadcasting on 25 August 2009 . A fifth series was announced in September 2013 , and began transmission on 26 November 2013 . The series stars David Mitchell and Robert Webb who also write a fair amount of the material . Also performing in the show are James Bachman and regular Mitchell and Webb collaborator Olivia Colman . Sarah Hadland joined the cast for the fourth series . Apart from Mitchell and Webb , a fair proportion of the sketches are written by the other cast members and other writers . These include Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain ( the writers of Peep Show , in which Mitchell and Webb star ) , Mark Evans , David Quantick , Jonathan Dryden Taylor , Toby Davies , Simon Kane and John Finnemore . It is produced by Gareth Edwards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9618294628f314097b54b0b3defa9911", "text": "Romany Jones Romany Jones is a British sitcom made by LWT , It starred Arthur Mullard and Queenie Watts as Wally and Lily Briggs and was broadcast between 1973 and 1975 , The show was originally designed as a vehicle for James Beck ( Private Walker in Dad 's Army ) , involving the comic misadventures of two layabout families living on a caravan site . Following Beck 's death in August 1973 when he was only 44 , Bert and Betty Jones were written out of the series , and Jonathan Cecil and Gay Soper took over the lead roles , playing new neighbours , Jeremy and Susan Crichton-Jones . The show had a pilot broadcast in 1972 and was followed by a spin-off sequel in 1976 entitled Yus , My Dear , starring Mullard and Watts .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "245ef4bcf27be8d7d882d546eea80825", "text": "Jeff Ament Jeffrey Allen Ament ( born March 10 , 1963 ) is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the bassist for the American rock band Pearl Jam . Along with Stone Gossard , Mike McCready , and Eddie Vedder , he is one of the band 's founding members , and is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the 1980s Seattle-based grunge rock bands Green River and Mother Love Bone , and is particularly notable for his work with the fretless bass , upright bass , and twelve-string bass guitar . Ament is also a member of the bands , Tres Mts. , Three Fish and RNDM . In 2008 , Ament released his first solo album , Tone . A second solo album , While My Heart Beats , followed in 2012 . Ament was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "31b5017e798c295bb052332ec2836f3f", "text": "Bloom (Eric Johnson album) Bloom is Eric Johnson 's fifth studio release , released in June 2005 . It was the first studio release since his 1996 album Venus Isle almost nine years prior . However , in these nine years he had released a live album by his side-project Alien Love Child entitled Live and Beyond in 2000 as well as an album of previously unreleased material titled Souvenir in 2002 . The album is split into three sections , ` Prelude ' ( tracks 1-6 ) , ` Courante ' ( tracks 7-12 ) and ` Allemande ' ( tracks 13-16 ) . The album was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2006 under the category of Best Pop Instrumental Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c3d3721e254e6c2d5a18535320db6f9", "text": "Final Resolution (2005) Final Resolution ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , which took place on January 16 , 2005 from the TNA Impact ! Zone in Orlando , Florida . It was the first annual event under the Final Resolution chronology . Nine matches were featured on the event 's card . The main event was a standard wrestling match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in which the champion , Jeff Jarrett , defeated the challenger , Monty Brown to retain the championship . The TNA X Division Championship was contested in an Ultimate X match , in which A.J. Styles defeated Chris Sabin and the champion , Petey Williams . The event 's undercard featured different varieties of matches . America 's Most Wanted ( Chris Harris and James Storm ) defeated Team Canada ( Bobby Roode and Eric Young ) for the NWA World Tag Team Championship on the undercard . Monty Brown defeated Diamond Dallas Page and Kevin Nash in a Three Way Elimination match to challenge Jeff Jarrett for the NWA Championship in the main event . The professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer website rated the entire event an 8 out of 10 , which was higher than the 2006 event 's rating .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61bae19c7403567b0f1836cb8e3a0caf", "text": "All That Is Within Me All That Is Within Me is the fifth studio album by American Christian rock band MercyMe . Produced by Brown Bannister , it was released on November 20 , 2007 through INO Records . The album , intended by the band to be a worship album split between covers and original songs , was recorded following the band 's tour with Audio Adrenaline in promotion of their previous studio album Coming Up to Breathe ( 2006 ) . Although the band intended to write material for a new album during the tour , they had only written one song by the time they entered their recording studio , Cider Mountain Studio in Athol , Idaho . The band wrote so many songs at the studio that they decided not to include any cover songs ; all of the songs on the album but were written or co-written by the band . The album was described as being a rock and worship album , being aimed directly at a Christian audience . All That Is Within Me received mostly positive reviews from critics , some of which considered it MercyMe 's best record to that point . However , some critics felt the album was too similar to the band 's previous works . The album sold 84,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number one on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and number 15 on the Billboard 200 . Three singles were released to radio : `` God with Us '' , which spent eight weeks at number one on the Billboard Christian Songs chart , `` You Reign '' , which peaked at number two on the Christian Songs chart and spent four weeks atop the Billboard Christian AC Songs chart , and `` Finally Home '' , which peaked at number three on the Christian Songs chart and number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart . All That Is Within Me has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , signifying shipments of over 500,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f248189b31c3230f884a5f3ab93e578d", "text": "Reconsider Me: The Love Songs Reconsider Me : The Love Songs is an album by American singer/songwriter Warren Zevon , released in 2006 . It is the first album to be released after his death in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e851f3c1cde19493f264bef99e5eeb89", "text": "American Hi-Fi American Hi-Fi is an American rock band formed in Boston in 1998 . The band consists of vocalist and guitarist Stacy Jones , guitarist Jamie Arentzen , bassist Drew Parsons , and drummer Brian Nolan . Prior to the group 's formation , Stacy Jones was well known for being a drummer in the successful alternative rock bands Veruca Salt and Letters to Cleo . American Hi-Fi has a close relationship with Miley Cyrus , whose band shares two members with American Hi-Fi . The group has a mixed musical style that includes influences from pop punk , alternative rock , and power pop . The group released its eponymous debut album in 2001 , and this led to their hit single `` Flavor of the Weak '' and the band was awarded as the `` Rising Star '' from the Boston Music Awards , 2001 . After this , the group was dropped from their label , Island Records , and moved to Los Angeles to remake their production and sound . Working with veteran music producer Butch Walker , they released Hearts on Parade in 2005 . The band then toured to a widespread fan-base in Japan and in the United States . Finally the band came back after five years of interval , releasing their third studio album Fight the Frequency in August 2010 . The band released their fourth album Blood & Lemonade on September 9 , 2014 worldwide via the independent label Rude Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75a55d3d4b37f39b991525bb29aa8c65", "text": "These Were the Earlies These Were The Earlies is an album by The Earlies , released in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86fa39cbe76f5c6d971085826fe6da75", "text": "Mean Ameen Mean Ameen is an album by American jazz saxophonist Ernest Dawkins ' New Horizons Ensemble , which was recorded in 2004 and released on Delmark . It was a tribute to New Horizons ' trumpeter Ameen Muhammad , who died in 2003 at the age of 48 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c645786a014df42c1fa738e89ee35ec", "text": "Flash (Jeff Beck album) Flash is the fourth studio album by guitarist Jeff Beck , released in July 1985 through Epic Records . The album reached No. 39 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart as well as reaching the top 60 in four other countries . Two singles also charted : the first being a reunion with singer Rod Stewart ( from the Jeff Beck Group ) for a cover of `` People Get Ready '' by The Impressions , which reached No. 5 on Billboard 's Mainstream Rock and No. 48 on the Hot 100 , as well as the top 40 in four other countries . The second single , `` Gets Us All in the End '' , reached No. 20 on Mainstream Rock . The instrumental `` Escape '' went on to win the award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 1986 Grammys , which was to be Beck 's first of many such awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5566ab041f83b4679c5766e26ddae01", "text": "Farewell to the World Farewell to the World is a 1996 concert by rock group Crowded House . The concert was recorded on the outside footsteps of the famed Sydney Opera House as a charity event to raise funds for the Sydney Children 's Hospital . The event was originally scheduled to occur on the night of 23 November 1996 , however was delayed one day due to rain . The concert was to be the last that the group played as the group announced their dissolution months earlier . The concert attracted a crowd of greater than 100,000 people , with some estimates of 250,000 people in attendance . Since then , several concerts have been performed there such as the Mushroom Records anniversary celebration and every Australian Idol year finale dually uses the outdoor as well as the indoor of the Opera House . The concert was originally aired on Network Ten in Australia in November 1996 however this performance was incomplete as it did not include five songs performed from the concert due to time constraints . In December 1996 , the group released the concert on VHS which included some press coverage of the band 's breakup and the concert . The VHS version contained all of the same songs as the television version other than `` Weather with You , '' which was replaced by the fan favourite song `` Hole In the River . '' The CD and DVD of the concert were released in November 2006 as a ten-year anniversary of the original concert . These versions were remastered and the DVD included all previous footage from the VHS but also added an interview with Neil Finn by Jana Wendt on Channel Nine 's Sunday program . All of the songs were included on the DVD and CD release , including those omitted previously and the sound ( and , for DVD , picture ) was digitally remastered . The concert included many of Crowded House 's most famous hits and many fan favourites also . The supporting bands were Custard , You Am I and Powderfinger . Powderfinger released their performance also with selected versions of their album Internationalist . As the album was to be the final performance by the group , they called upon previous members Tim Finn and tour drummer Peter Jones to play for a small portion of the setlist . Drummer Paul Hester , though he had previously left the band while on tour , was considered a member of the band again for the performance , as he had been a member for the majority of the group 's tenure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c482aef308b4f0a4ce2351170a73293f", "text": "Tom Ament Francis Thomas `` Tom '' Ament ( November 17 , 1937 - March 10 , 2014 ) was the fourth Milwaukee County Executive , serving from 1992 until his resignation in 2002 amid a county pension scandal . Ament had served as chairman of the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors from 1976 to 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "233440afa5f54a8565547735b96136ff", "text": "Undermind (album) Undermind is the tenth studio album by American rock band Phish , released on June 15 , 2004 , by Elektra Records . Undermind was Phish 's last album before their breakup in fall 2004 ( the band subsequently reformed in 2009 ) . The album 's cover art appears to be a direct nod to either Let It Be , the final studio album by The Beatles , or Songs Of Faith And Devotion , the eight studio album by Depeche Mode . In a review of Undermind , Glide Magazine suggests that the album 's individual song contributions may also be intentionally `` Beatles-esque '' . While the bulk of the songs are by frontman Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall , keyboard player Page McConnell , bass guitarist Mike Gordon and drummer Jon Fishman all contributed one song each . `` Maggie 's Revenge '' is the album 's only instrumental . One month before the album 's release , Anastasio ( and separately , McConnell ) announced on Phish.com that the band would take an indefinitely long hiatus following a final summer tour . As such , a number of the songs were not performed live before the break up , though most have been played since the band 's return in 2009 . Undermind '' 's songs remain among the least played originals in Phish 's large catalog . Many reviews praised `` The Connection '' , calling it `` the most commanding '' and `` most commercially accessible '' song of Phish 's recording career to date . The song has not yet become a fixture in the band 's live rotation , however . Early copies of the album included a DVD with the 25 minute documentary Specimens of Beauty , a behind the scenes film on the making of Undermind , directed by Danny Clinch . An extended improvisational studio jam recorded at the start of the Undermind sessions was later released as the Headphones Jam at LivePhish.com . Two excerpts from the Headphones Jam were used for the Undermind album : `` Maggie 's Revenge '' and `` Tiny '' ( an internet-only bonus track ) . In February 2009 , Undermind '' was made available as a download in FLAC and MP3 formats at LivePhish.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5034a6f9e7bc9dde828eed076e222bb", "text": "Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos . After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' . In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "484b5c59fa1ac948d6d7ee5e824f20c3", "text": "PAX AM Days PAX AM Days ( stylized as PAX • AM Days ) is an EP by American rock band Fall Out Boy , released on October 15 , 2013 by Island Records and PAX AM . It consists of 1980s and 90s hardcore punk and punk rock influenced tracks recorded during a two-day `` marathon '' session with producer Ryan Adams and the band in July 2013 at PAX AM Studios . The EP was released on CD , digitally and on double 7 '' vinyl as a stand-alone EP , and also on a limited Save Rock and Roll PAX AM Edition ( 2013 ) double-disc reissue . The double 7 '' vinyl pressing was limited to 3,000 , and released on November 29 as part of Record Store Day - Back to Black Friday . Each copy came with a code for a bonus song download , a cover of `` New Dreams '' by Naked Raygun . The code was found stamped into the dead wax of the 7 '' . On September 30 , Fall Out Boy announced the EP and its release date , as well as premiered the first digital single `` Love , Sex , Death '' with its accompanying video . PAX AM Days was the band 's second release in 2013 after the comeback album Save Rock and Roll , and marks a return to their hardcore musical roots with aggressive guitar work , the `` antithesis '' to the polished Save Rock and Roll . Adams reached out to the group at the request of Fall Out Boy 's friend and collaborator Butch Walker . Bassist Pete Wentz commented `` I think there 's a side of our band in our fans that would appreciate some of the noise that Ryan comes up with , and it would be great for the fans to be able to hear that -- hear sort of the raw energy that happens from sessions like that . '' The band called it `` a collection of songs we did for fun ... us letting out some demons '' rather than a new album . On October 7 , the entire EP was released for free streaming online . The EP debuted at No. 25 on the US Billboard 200 with 11,000 first week sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "519528c10949897e6842a204d8602397", "text": "What to Do When You Are Dead What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep . Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead , vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this perspective . What to Do When You Are Dead is a concept album , with each song telling the story of the protagonist 's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife . Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine . A rough mix of `` Car Underwater '' was made available in November , followed by two US tours in February 2005 . What to Do When You Are Dead was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records . In March 2005 , a music video was released for `` Car Underwater '' , and following a couple of US tours in April and May , the song was released as a radio single . The group performed on Warped Tour , before touring across the US in September and November . Later in November a music video was released for `` The Truth About Heaven '' , followed by a UK tour in December . In early 2006 , the group went on a headlining US tour , titled The Invisible Sideshow Tour , for three months , before appearing on Warped Tour again . What to Do When You Are Dead received mixed-to-favourable reviews and went on to sell over 200,000 copies . It peaked at number 101 on the Billboard 200 and reached the top 10 on two other Billboard charts . To celebrate the album 's 10th anniversary , the group reunited to play a series of shows in late 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8314eccd6a8c4594c10f5a1878f9a0d4", "text": "The Final Chapter (Dungeon album) The Final Chapter is the sixth and final album by Australian heavy metal band Dungeon . It was released in October 2006 by Modern Invasion Music . The group played its last live performance on 11 December 2005 , however singer-guitarist Lord Tim and drummer Tim Yatras announced that they would record a final album under the name Dungeon . The Australian version also contains re-recorded versions of two very early Dungeon tracks , `` Do n't Leave Me '' and `` Changing Moods '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c9a4131ed1ec92c1c8332095793b70", "text": "For Me, It's You For Me , It 's You is Train 's fourth studio album and last recorded as a five-piece until 2014 's Bulletproof Picasso . The album 's first single , `` Cab '' , was released to radio in November 2005 . The second and third singles , `` Give Myself to You '' and `` Am I Reaching You Now '' were released in mid-2006 . The album was met with critical success but saw commercial disappointment . Despite debuting at # 10 on the Billboard 200 , it descended the chart quickly , and is their first album not to have received an RIAA certification . It is also the band 's only album to not feature a Billboard Hot 100-charting single in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890b08d20609c84306a8201796257a00", "text": "Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars Substitution Mass Confusion : A Tribute to The Cars is a 2005 compilation album featuring covers of songs originally performed by the American rock band The Cars . The album was released by Not Lame Recordings . Many of the performers featured on the album were from the Boston area , where The Cars first gained exposure in the late 1970s . The line ` Substitution Mass Confusion ' comes from a lyric in the Cars song `` Bye Bye Love '' . According to Billboard , the album was inspired by the 2000 cancer death of Cars singer and bassist Benjamin Orr . A portion of the album 's proceeds were to be donated to the American Cancer Society in Orr 's memory .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bbbb5019410b67b74fc3ceae10abdf86", "text": "Raphael Bob-Waksberg Raphael Matthew Bob-Waksberg ( born August 17 , 1986 ) is an American comedian , writer , producer , and actor . He is best known as the creator and showrunner of the Netflix Original series BoJack Horseman . He also performs voices for various characters on the show , including a corgi and a tree frog . As a member of the Olde English comedy troupe he co-wrote and appeared in The Exquisite Corpse Project . He is also set to be the script doctor of The Lego Movie Sequel , due for a 2019 release . Bob-Waksberg is a graduate of Bard College .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e89d75728eddee2bb88a971fb4c4e568", "text": "Little Britain Productions Little Britain Productions is a television production company founded in 2006 . Little Britain Productions mainly produces comedies and documentaries about comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5a07cdaa2c28aa6857f934c4479271", "text": "Robert von Dassanowsky Robert von Dassanowsky FRHistS , FRSA ( born January 28 , 1965 , New York City ) is an Austrian-American academic , writer , film and cultural historian , and producer . He is usually known as Robert Dassanowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd2991a88be4e11565112e48f03591d0", "text": "Bulgarian Association of Music Producers The Bulgarian Association of Music Producers ( or BAMP ) tracks the success of music compositions on Bulgarian airplay , and it is a non-profit organization that controls music production companies in that country . Founded in 1966 , it defends the rights of producers and distributors of popular music . According to their official website , the main focus of their association is : `` to assist the competent authorities in organizing and coordinating activities related to the fight against music piracy . '' In 1999 , it gained recognition as a national group of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) , which advocates record companies worldwide . They track charted music both from Bulgarian artists and international acts using Nielson SoundScan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4112ab5abbd530177c643586b2be36f9", "text": "Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' . The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab53ccba18333354502db0735793584e", "text": "Jacobus Rose Jacobus Rose is a film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f7dc8929e7c5d4c8f6ea01587400f58", "text": "Peter Faiman Peter Leonard Faiman ( born 1944 in Melbourne ) , AM is an Australian television producer with experience in film , live television and events . He has had a long-standing working relationship with the Nine Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f88c16f467797534ab187eb6e60bd84", "text": "Rai Fiction Rai Fiction is an Italian production company founded in 1997 . It is owned and operated by Radiotelevisione Italiana ( RAI ) , the national broadcasting company of Italy . The company produces content for RAI 's channels . The company produces cartoons , sitcoms , and other programmes . The company also works in association with foreign production studios and TV channels as well as other production companies in Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8b8c9921a909ab4839f1cadbbfb1de7", "text": "Barnaby Thompson Barnaby David Waterhouse Thompson is a British film director and producer . He is best known for producing Wayne 's World , Spice World , Kevin & Perry Go Large and An Ideal Husband , as well as co-directing the St Trinians films . He founded Fragile Films and ran the iconic Ealing Studios for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3020e220b7cb4d1ef7ab19555098c5b", "text": "Shoplifter Records Shoplifter Records was originally an English record company created by producer Gordon Raphael and Paul Harrison -LSB- disambiguation needed -RSB- as a partnership in 2003 . Raphael has acted as producer for many bands , but most notably for The Strokes ' albums Is This It ? and Room on Fire . ↵ Shoplifter signed Regina Spektor to her first contract and released the album Soviet Kitsch after teaming up with Sony S.I.N.E for international licensing . ↵ . ↵ Other artists to pass through Shoplifter 's doors are The Satellites , Anna Mercedes , Miss Machine - who were actually the first release on Shoplifter , Absinthee , Black Light and Kill Kenada , and Char Johnson.The following year saw the merger of Sony Music and BMG which also coincided with Raphael relocating to Berlin . . The label 's first single `` Your Honour '' by Regina Spektor was NME single of the week , beating Brian Wilson , Robbie Williams and R.E.M. amongst others . ↵ The album Soviet Kitsch was voted into the top 50 albums in the majority of that year 's music press and broadsheet reviews . Raphael is currently producing bands internationally , but based in Berlin since 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79a06f02b45093eb93a34fb79a14af81", "text": "Raphaël Adam Raphaël Adam ( 21 July 1860 -- after 1937 ) was a 19th -- 20th-century French chansonnier and playwright . A prolific chansonnier of the interwar period , his theatre plays were presented ont the most significant Parisian stages of his time including the Théâtre du Gymnase , the Théâtre de Belleville , and the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcd56a11971d885966cacd9b24815273", "text": "WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution was an exhibition of international women 's art presented at the Museum of Contemporary Art , Los Angeles from March 4 -- July 16 , 2007 . It later traveled to PS1 Contemporary Art Center , where it was on view February 17 -- May 12 , 2008 . The exhibition featured works from 120 artists and artists ' groups from around the world . The 2007 exhibition catalogue -- also titled WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution -- documents this first major retrospective of art and the feminist revolution . Edited by Cornelia Butler and Lisa Gabrielle Mark , it has essays by Butler , Judith Russi Kirshner , Catherine Lord , Marsha Meskimmon , Richard Meyer , Helen Molesworth , Peggy Phelan , Nelly Richard , Valerie Smith , Abigail Solomon-Godeau , and Jenni Sorkin . WACK ! surveyed work by more than 120 artists in a wide variety of media , arranged by themes including Abstraction , `` Autophotography , '' Body as Medium , Family Stories , Gender Performance , Knowledge as Power , Making Art History , and others . The following is a complete list of artists featured in the exhibition and catalogue : Magdalena Abakanowicz ( b. 1930 ) , Polish sculptor and fiber artist Marina Abramović ( b. 1946 ) , Serbian and former Yugoslavian performance artist Carla Accardi ( 1924 -- 2014 ) , Italian painter Chantal Akerman ( b. 1950 ) , Belgian film director and artist Helena Almeida ( b. 1934 ) , Portuguese artist Sonia Andrade ( b. 1935 ) , Brazilian artist Eleanor Antin ( b. 1935 ) , American artist Judith F. Baca ( b. 1946 ) , American Chicana artist Mary Bauermeister ( b. 1934 ) , German artist Lynda Benglis ( b. 1941 ) , American artist Berwick Street Film Collective Camille Billops ( b. 1933 ) , African-American artist Dara Birnbaum ( b. 1946 ) , American video and installation artist Louise Bourgeois ( 1911 -- 2010 ) , French-American artist and sculptor Sheila Levrant de Bretteville ( b. 1940 ) , American graphic designer and artist Theresa Hak Kyung Cha ( 1951 -- 1982 ) , South Korean-born American novelist and artist Judy Chicago ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Lygia Clark ( b. 1920 , d. 1988 ) , Brazilian artist Tee Corinne ( b. 1943 , d. 2006 ) , American artist Niki de Saint Phalle , Jean Tinguely , and Per Olof Ultvedt Jay DeFeo ( 1929 -- 1989 ) , American artist Disband Assia Djebar ( 1936 -- 2015 ) , Algerian filmmaker Rita Donagh ( b. 1939 ) , British artist Kirsten Dufour ( b. 1941 ) , Danish artist Lili Dujourie ( b. 1941 ) , Belgian video artist Mary Beth Edelson ( b. 1933 ) , American artist Rose English British performance artist VALIE EXPORT ( b. 1940 ) , Austrian artist Jacqueline Fahey ( b. 1929 ) , New Zealand painter Louise Fishman ( b. 1939 ) , American painter Audrey Flack ( b. 1931 ) , American artist Iole de Freitas ( b. 1945 ) , Brazilian photographer and filmmaker Isa Genzken ( b. 1948 ) , German artist Nancy Grossman ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Barbara Hammer ( b. 1939 ) , American filmmaker Harmony Hammond ( b. 1944 ) , American artist and writer Margaret Harrison ( b. 1940 ) , English artist Mary Heilmann ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Lynn Hershman ( b. 1941 ) , American artist and filmmaker Eva Hesse ( 1936 -- 1970 ) , Jewish German-born American sculptor Susan Hiller ( b. 1940 ) , American artist Rebecca Horn ( b. 1944 ) , German visual artist Alexis Hunter ( b. 1948 , d. 2014 ) , New Zealand painter and photographer Mako Idemitsu ( b. 1940 ) , Japanese filmmaker Sanja Iveković ( b. 1949 ) , Croatian photographer , sculptor and installation artist Joan Jonas ( b. 1936 ) , American video and performance artist Kirsten Justesen ( b. 1943 ) , Danish artist Mary Kelly ( b. 1941 ) , American conceptual artist Joyce Kozloff ( b. 1942 ) , American artist Friedl Kubelka ( b. 1946 ) , Austrian photographer Shigeko Kubota ( b. 1937 ) , Japanese-born video artist , sculptor and performance artist Yayoi Kusama ( b. 1929 ) , Japanese artist and writer Ketty La Rocca ( b. 1938 , d. 1976 ) , Italian artist Suzanne Lacy ( b. 1945 ) , American artist Suzy Lake ( b. 1947 ) , American-Canadian artist Maria Lassnig ( 1919 -- 2014 ) , Austrian artist Lesbian Art Project ( 1977 -- 1979 ) , participatory art movement in Los Angeles Lee Lozano ( 1930 -- 1999 ) , American artist Léa Lublin ( b. 1929 ) , Polish-French performance artist Anna Maria Maiolino ( b. 1942 ) , Italian-Brazilian artist Mónica Mayer ( b. 1954 ) , Mexican artist Ana Mendieta ( 1948 -- 1985 ) , Cuban American performance artist , sculptor , painter and video artist Annette Messager ( b. 1943 ) , French visual artist Marta Minujín and Richard Squires Nasreen Mohamedi ( 1937 -- 1990 ) , Indian artist Linda M. Montano ( b. 1942 ) , American performance artist Ree Morton ( 1936 -- 1977 ) , American artist Laura Mulvey and Peter Wollen Alice Neel ( 1900 -- 1984 ) , American artist Senga Nengudi ( b. 1943 ) , African-American artist Ann Newmarch ( b. 1945 ) , Australian artist Lorraine O'Grady ( b. 1934 ) , American conceptual artist Pauline Oliveros ( b. 1932 ) , American composer Yoko Ono ( b. 1933 ) , Japanese multimedia artist ORLAN ( b. 1947 ) , French artist Ulrike Ottinger ( b. 1942 ) , German filmmaker Gina Pane ( 1939 -- 1990 ) , French artist Catalina Parra ( b. 1940 ) , Chilean artist Ewa Partum ( b. 1945 ) , Polish-German artist Howardena Pindell ( b. 1943 ) , American abstract artist Adrian Piper ( b. 1948 ) , American conceptual artist Sylvia Plimack Mangold ( b. 1938 ) , American artist , painter , printmaker , and pastelist Sally Potter ( b. 1949 ) , English filmmaker and performance artist Yvonne Rainer ( b. 1934 ) , American dancer , choreographer , and filmmaker Ursula Reuter Christiansen ( b. 1943 ) , German-Danish filmmaker and painter Lis Rhodes ( b. 1942 ) , British artist Faith Ringgold ( b. 1930 ) African-American artist Ulrike Rosenbach ( b. 1943 ) , German video and performance artist Martha Rosler ( b. 1943 ) , American artist Betye Saar ( b. 1926 ) , American artist Miriam Schapiro ( b. 1923 ) , Canadian artist Mira Schendel ( 1919 -- 1988 ) , Brazilian artist Carolee Schneemann ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Joan Semmel ( b. 1932 ) , American feminist painter Bonnie Sherk ( b. 1945 ) , American landscape architect and performance artist Cindy Sherman ( b. 1954 ) , American photographer Katharina Sieverding ( b. 1944 ) , Czech photographer Sylvia Sleigh ( 1916 -- 2010 ) , Welsh-born realist painter Alexis Smith ( b. 1949 ) , American artist Barbara T. Smith ( b. 1931 ) , American performance artist Mimi Smith ( b. 1942 ) , American artist Joan Snyder ( b. 1940 ) , American painter Valerie Solanas ( 1936 -- 1988 ) , American writer Annegret Soltau ( b. 1946 ) , German artist Nancy Spero ( 1926 -- 2009 ) , American artist Spiderwoman Theater Lisa Steele ( b. 1947 ) , Canadian video artist Sturtevant Cosey Fanni Tutti ( b. 1951 ) , English performance artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles ( b. 1939 ) , American artist Cecilia Vicuña ( b. 1947 ) , Chilean poet , artist and filmmaker June Wayne ( 1918 -- 2011 ) , American printmaker , tapestry designer and painter `` Where We At '' Black Women Artists Colette Whiten ( b. 1945 ) , sculpture , installation and performance artist Faith Wilding ( b. 1943 ) , Paraguayan American multidisciplinary artist Hannah Wilke ( b. 1940 , d. 1993 ) , American artist Francesca Woodman ( 1958 -- 1981 ) , American photographer Nil Yalter , Judy Blum , and Nicole Croiset Nil Yalter ( b. 1938 ) , Egyptian-French artist , co-founder of Groupe de Cinq Zarina ( b. 1937 ) , Indian artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1051c5ec59f3ce29a79ef79798e60474", "text": "1987 (artist) 1987 , real name Victor Holmberg ( born 28 April 1987 ) , is a producer , songwriter and musician of solo projects . He is also a member of the Swedish electronic music duo Montauk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d28d5de94bc644b38b4143358ff28cc", "text": "Rawtekk Rawtekk is a German electronic music duo consisting of Stefan and Christine Westphal from Hamburg . Apart from composing electronic music , they also produce music for commercial spots , image films and sound logos under the alias Noise Design . Furthermore , they develop sample libraries and demo songs for Steinberg 's DAW Cubase , Halion , Halion Sonic and Sequel . In 2011 , they received the award for the best commercial music in Germany ( Deutscher Werbefilmpreis ) . Since 2013 , Christine is a member of the The German Advertising Film Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022d7b59d42e25c0e319f50b499ec2d8", "text": "UPA (animation studio) United Productions of America , better known as UPA , was an American animation studio active from the 1940s through the 1970s . Beginning with industrial and World War II training films , UPA eventually produced theatrical shorts for Columbia Pictures , notably the Mr. Magoo series . In 1956 , UPA produced a television series for CBS , The Boing-Boing Show , hosted by Gerald McBoing Boing . In the 1960s , UPA produced syndicated Mr. Magoo and Dick Tracy television series and other series and specials , including the popular Mister Magoo 's Christmas Carol . UPA also produced two animated features , 1001 Arabian Nights and Gay Purr-ee , and distributed Japanese films from Toho Studios in the 1970s and 1980s . Gerald McBoing Boing ( 2005 -- 2007 ) is a more recent television series based on UPA 's memorable character and licensed and co-produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment and Classic Media , for Cartoon Network . UPA Pictures ' legacy in the history of animation has largely been overshadowed by the commercial success and availability of the cartoon libraries of Warner Bros. , MGM and Disney . Nonetheless , UPA had a significant impact on animation style , content , and technique , and its innovations were recognized and adopted by the other major animation studios and independent filmmakers all over the world . UPA pioneered the technique of limited animation . Although this style of animation came to be widely used in the 1960s and 1970s as a cost-cutting measure , it was originally intended as a stylistic alternative to the growing trend ( particularly at Disney ) of recreating cinematic realism in animated films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29b0dd6ce357bd0a90f8d8828818544", "text": "Tony Berg Anthony Rains `` Tony '' Berg ( born October 21 , 1954 in Connecticut ) is an American musician , record producer , and A&R man , in which role he has been described as an `` industry guru '' . Berg 's music career began in the late 1970s , when he was a session guitarist who appeared on several notable releases including Air Supply , Debby Boone , The Rocky Horror Picture Show and several Muppet Show releases . It the early 1980s , Berg founded Zeitgeist Studios . His first major success was with Michael Penn 's 1989 debut March . From there Berg went on to produce Edie Brickell , Public Image Limited , Altered State , and Aimee Mann as well as an extensive collection of other artists . In the early 1990s , Berg became an A&R exec with Geffen Records where he played a role in signing artists such as Beck , Wild Colonials , Black Rebel Motorcycle Club , At the Drive-In etc. . During this time he continued to produce records and play on a wide variety of releases including Peter Gabriel 's Up . In 2004 Berg founded Three Records with industry veteran Michael Rosenblatt and super producer Eric Valentine . Their first release was Mellowdrone 's Box .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04cd090d6cb6936120be03f92ebf49e5", "text": "Jake and the Phatman Jake and the Phatman ( Glenn Standridge and Robert Ozuna ) are Grammy Award-winning , multi-platinum producers , songwriters , DJs and multi-instrumentalists . Both were born in the mid 1970s in the San Francisco Bay Area . Their early work included the Luniz , 3X Krazy , Keak da Sneak , Dawn Robinson ( Formally of En Vogue and Lucy Pearl ) and Dr. Dre . In 1997 they started work on what was to become the supergroup Lucy Pearl 's debut album , featuring Raphael Saadiq ( Tony ! Toni ! Toné ! ) , Dawn Robinson , and Ali Shaheed ( A Tribe Called Quest ) . It was during this time they developed their working relationship with Raphael Saadiq . After the success of the Lucy Pearl album Raphael Saadiq began to use them exclusively as his production partners . Their production work on Saadiq 's debut album Instant Vintage included pressing the vocals onto acetate and then `` scratching them into the tracks '' . As producers Jake and the Phatman have racked up a long list of credits including Dawn Robinson , Kelis , Mary J. Blige , TLC , Musiq Soulchild , Anthony Hamilton , Ginuwine , Dwele , Angie Stone , Common , and John Legend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c42d5acfb664ec5c266b4e33301a1b8", "text": "Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg . At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c94cd36dc086f0d708fa76209ca90f", "text": "Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility . Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical . As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "391e14d7328889dcfe84a0819518bba0", "text": "Sally Field Sally Margaret Field ( born November 6 , 1946 ) is an American actress and director . Field began her career on television , starring on the sitcoms Gidget ( 1965 -- 66 ) , The Flying Nun ( 1967 -- 70 ) , and The Girl with Something Extra ( 1973 -- 74 ) . She ventured into movies with Smokey and the Bandit ( 1977 ) and later Norma Rae ( 1979 ) , for which she received the Academy Award for Best Actress . She later received Golden Globe Award nominations for her performances in Absence of Malice ( 1981 ) and Kiss Me Goodbye ( 1982 ) , before receiving her second Academy Award for Best Actress for Places in the Heart ( 1984 ) . Field received further nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Murphy 's Romance ( 1985 ) and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) . In the 1990s , Field appeared in a wide range of films , including Not Without My Daughter ( 1991 ) and Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , before being nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) . In the 2000s , she returned to television with a recurring role on the NBC medical drama ER , for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2001 . From 2006 to 2011 , she portrayed the lead role of Nora Walker on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters , for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2007 . Field later starred as Mary Todd Lincoln in Lincoln ( 2012 ) , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other accolades . She also appeared as Aunt May in The Amazing Spider-Man ( 2012 ) and reprised the role in the 2014 sequel . As a director , Field is known for the television film The Christmas Tree ( 1996 ) , an episode of the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon as well as the feature film Beautiful ( 2000 ) . In 2014 , she was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "15c9406dbc4e3d7de479d8b0bab9e5d3", "text": "Jane Summerhays Jane Summerhays ( born October 11 , 1944 in Salt Lake City , Utah ) is an American actress known for her work on stage , screen , and film . Her television credits include guest roles on One Life to Live , All My Children , Tales from the Darkside , Working It Out , The Cosby Mysteries , New York News , Law & Order , Sex and the City , and Ed . Summerhays has also appeared in the 2001 film This Train in the role of Love and the 2005 film Backseat as the mother . Summerhays is probably best known for her stage work . She first appeared as a member of the ensemble in the national tour of Nash at Nine in 1975 . She next performed in the original 1976 Laurence Olivier Award winning London production of A Chorus Line as Sheila at the Drury Lane Theatre . In 1978 , Summerhays was cast as Lady Kay Wellington in the national touring production of Oh , Kay ! which included performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . She then reprised the role the following year at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto . Later that year Summerhays made her Broadway debut , replacing Kelly Bishop , who originated the part on Broadway , as Sheila in A Chorus Line . In 1979 , she played the role of Jane in the Broadway production of Sugar Babies , replacing actress Ann Jillian who originated the part . Summerhays also was the understudy for the lead role of Ann in the production and got to perform the role on a few occasions . In 1980 , she played the roles of Zelda Fitzgerald and Sylvia Beach in the American Place Theatre 's production of Paris Lights . In 1981 , she performed in a production of Hey , Look Me Over ! at Avery Fisher Hall . In 1983 , Summerhays returned to the Broadway production of A Chorus Line to once again play Sheila . In 1984 , she appeared as Maria in On Approval at the Roundabout Theatre . In 1985 , she played Jane and was the understudy for Ann in the national company tour of Sugar Babies . In 1986 , Summerhays starred as Lady Jaqueline Carstone in the original Broadway production and Me and My Girl for which she received a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award nomination . She remained with the production for three years . Over the next two decades Summerhays appeared in several more Broadway productions including the roles of Diana in Lend Me a Tenor , Elizabeth in Taking Steps , Cynthia in The Real Inspector Hound , the musical review Dream , Fritzie and Fraulein Kost in Cabaret , and Miss Madelaine True in The Wild Party . Summerhays also appeared in several Off-Broadway and regional theater productions including Sympathy Jones , Camila , Broadway Gypsies , Good News , and Promises , Promises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a53400254ea47fdd0a78abe78c98124", "text": "Sally Geeson Sally Louise Geeson ( born 23 June 1950 in Cuckfield , West Sussex , England ) is an English actress with a career mostly on television in the 1970s . Her best known role was as Sid James 's daughter , Sally , in Bless This House . Her character was only 16 at the start despite the fact Geeson herself was in her early 20s . Geeson studied at Corona Stage Academy from 1957 to 1966 , during which time she played small parts in several movies , including The Millionairess ( 1960 ) , Expresso Bongo ( 1959 ) , and Carry On Regardless ( 1961 ) . She also appeared in Carry On Abroad ( 1972 ) and Carry On Girls ( 1973 ) . She also starred alongside Norman Wisdom in the film What 's Good for the Goose ( 1969 ) , and appeared with Vincent Price in two horror films , The Oblong Box ( 1969 ) and Cry of the Banshee ( 1970 ) . In August 2013 Geeson featured in a TV commercial for Anglian Windows . Geeson was the second wife of television personality William G. Stewart . She later took up a career in teaching . She has three children called Barney , Hayley and Christopher . Her sister , the actress Judy Geeson , lives in Hollywood . In December 2014 until January 2015 , Geeson played the Good Fairy at Theatre Royal Windsor in their panto Beauty And The Beast . The show broke all box office records for the theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ba0365c4032bd87f0b6fd728080b2c", "text": "Duet for Four Duet for Four is a 1982 film directed by Tim Burstall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b6e73cf9d76456ff5073483ee21ba89", "text": "You Don't Want Me Anymore `` You Do n't Want Me Anymore '' is the title of a 1982 song by Steel Breeze from their self-titled debut album . The song was released as a single in the United States and made it to number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart , aided by a memorable video that was a hit on early MTV . It was also the last chart single ever produced by Kim Fowley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7e5dd1f5d8994ff7df66b18d444f98", "text": "Lena Zavaroni On Broadway On September 18th 1978 , the BBC broadcast Lena Zavaroni On Broadway it was chosen for the 1978 Golden Sea Swallow Festival , where it won the silver award . The Show opened with Lena carrying a suitcase and singing the song On Broadway This lead into Lena being joined by The Dougie Squires Dancers and they performed a medley of On Broadway , Broadway Rhythm and Lullaby of Broadway . The dancers leave the stage and Lena performed the song Tomorrow , the dances return and they perform the song New York , New York with Lena . Lena and her dancers returned to the stage along with Paul Nicholas dressed for the film Musical Grease and perform a medley of songs from it . The Dancers leave the stage and lena is joined by the mime Artist Adrian Hedley . Lena Sing the song Over the Rainbow while Adrian Hedley performs a mime based on the song . Lena then performs Broadway Baby form the musical Follies . Lena is again joined by her dancers and they perform the song Would n't It Be Loverly from the musical My Fair Lady , then Lena is joined by Wayne Sleep and they perform the song Anything You Can Do from the musical Annie Get Your Gun . Lena then sings My Favorite Things from the Musical The Sound of Music . The dancers , Adrian Hedley and Wayne Sleep return to the stage singing One ( aka One Singular Sensation ) from the Musical A Chorus Line then Lena joins them and they sing Applause from the musical Applause . The Show closed with Lena , The dancers , Adrian Hedley , Paul Nicholas and Wayne Sleep singing Give My Regards to Broadway from the musical Little Johnny Jones the End Credits are run while they perform this song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a392ec8198d38b048c8744c7930e18ab", "text": "You Dropped a Bomb on Me `` You Dropped a Bomb on Me '' is an electrofunk song performed by The Gap Band , released in 1982 on producer Lonnie Simmons ' label , Total Experience Records . It reached # 2 on the Billboard R&B charts , # 39 on the dance charts and # 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 . In addition to the single release , the song was featured on the band 's 1982 album IV . A notable feature of the song is its use of a synthesizer to imitate the whistling sound of a bomb dropping . This is first heard immediately before the first verse , and throughout the song from the fourth chorus onward . In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks , the song was one of those named on the 2001 Clear Channel memorandum of `` lyrically questionable '' songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8", "text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3098d8828382e3e5eeca766c19d562a9", "text": "Goodbye Pop 1952–1976 Goodbye Pop 1952 -- 1976 was an American comedy album of song parodies and sketches that was released as a vinyl record in 1975 . It was a spin-off from National Lampoon magazine . Performers include Gilda Radner , Bill Murray , Christopher Guest , Paul Shaffer and Tony Scheuren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21a249e35a28c1735bde51c99110a53a", "text": "Acrobats of Desire Acrobats of Desire were an English post-punk band originally from Sheffield . The group were an electric string quartet fronted by a lead vocalist with an instrumental line-up which consisted of violin , viola , cello , and assorted percussion . The group was dominantly female and included some of the seminal female names of the late UK punk period , including Vicky Aspinall ( violin ) , who went on to join The Raincoats and Mary Jenner ( violin ) who became a bassist for Leeds art house group The Mekons . Virginia Duff ( percussion and vocals ) went on to become a television producer alongside columnist and partner Victor Lewis-Smith resurrecting Associated-Rediffusion to become a BAFTA award winning company . . Lead vocalist Deborah Egan continued her career as a musician , after the group split in 1981 , forming twelve piece The Mysterons and politically charged cabaret duo The Diplomats . She has continued with as a cultural entrepreneur working internationally and across the UK , she received an OBE for her services to the cultural industries in the 2015 UK Honours List . Deborah is the cousin of Andy Macdonald founder of Go-Disc Records and Independiente and shared the early success of that label which launched and discovered Billy Bragg and had its first UK No. 1 with Caravan of Love in 1986 . The name Acrobats of Desire was derived from the name of a chapter in Angela Carter 's novel , The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman ( 1972 ) . Mick Wilson ( viola ) , who is now a successful painter , was one of the original members of the ensemble and the writer of all its original music . robots of Desire Acrobats of Desire were a mainstay of Edinburgh Fringe Festival in the late 1970s and early 1980s performing on many Fringe platforms including The Festival Club , Hill Street Theatre , St Andrews Theatre and the Grassmarket stage . They recorded and broadcast for the BBC2 Late Show , STV and Tyne Tees Television . Their last performance was at Futurama on September 13 as part of the Sci-Fi Festival in 1981 supporting Siouxsie and the Banshees and Echo and the Bunnymen while in turn were supported by a band from Dublin called U2 . The performance was recorded by Granda Television and broadcast in the UK in October 1981 . Their EP , Parking Boys ( Desire Records DES001 ) was recorded and produced by Camel 's Andy Latimer at Foel Studio in Wales and mastered by Porky 's Prime Cuts . It was distributed globally by Red Rhino Records and entered the independent charts in the UK and Italy it was featured by John Peel on his radio show . Parking Boys was released in the final year of their career in 1981 and now has the status of a rare punk classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df78ddaa4bed62b3afe122c9c15efb58", "text": "Darlene Conley Darlene Conley ( July 18 , 1934 -- January 14 , 2007 ) was an American actress . Conley 's career spanned fifty years , but she was best known for her performances in daytime television , and in particular , for her portrayal of larger-than-life fashion industrialist Sally Spectra on The Bold and the Beautiful . Conley played the role from 1989 until her death seventeen years later . Darlene 's character Sally is the only soap opera character to be displayed at Madame Tussaud 's wax figures galleries in Amsterdam and Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf33a50ac5d4f09996b261ae955b0f92", "text": "Bella and Samuel Spewack Samuel ( September 16 , 1899 -- October 14 , 1971 ) and Bella Spewack ( March 25 , 1899 -- April 27 , 1990 ) were a husband-and-wife writing team . Samuel , who also directed many of their plays , was born in Ukraine . He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City and then received his degree from Columbia College . His wife , the oldest of three children of a single mother , was born Bella Cohen in Bucharest , Romania and with her family emigrated to the Lower East Side of Manhattan when she was a child . After graduation from Washington Irving High School , she worked as a journalist for socialist and pacifist newspapers such as The New York Call . Her work drew attention from Samuel , working as a reporter for The World , and the couple married in 1922 . Shortly afterwards , they departed for Moscow , where they worked as news correspondents for the next four years . After returning to the United States , they settled in New Hope , Pennsylvania . In the latter part of the decade , Samuel wrote several novels , including Mon Paul , The Skyscraper Murder , and The Murder in the Gilded Cage , on his own , while the pair collaborated on plays . The two wrote several plays and screenplays for mostly B-movies throughout the 1930s , earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Story for My Favorite Wife in 1940 . They also penned a remake of Grand Hotel , entitled Week-End at the Waldorf ( 1945 ) , which starred Ginger Rogers . Always known as a turbulent couple , the Spewaks were in the midst of their own marital woes in 1948 when they were approached to write the book for Kiss Me , Kate , which centered on a once-married couple of thespians who use the stage on which they 're performing as a battling ground . Bella initially began working with composer Cole Porter on her own , but theatrical necessity overcame marital sparks , and the Spewacks completed the project together . It yielded each of them two Tony Awards , one for Best Musical , the other for Best Author of a Musical . Kiss Me , Kate proved to be their most successful work . In 1965 , Sam collaborated with Frank Loesser on a musical adaptation of the 1961 Spewack play Once There Was a Russian . Entitled Pleasures and Palaces , it closed following its Detroit run and never opened on Broadway . Bella was a successful publicist for the Camp Fire Girls and Girl Scouts of the USA , and claimed to have introduced the idea of selling cookies for the latter as a means of raising revenue for the organization . A Letter to Sam from Bella , a one-act play by Broadway director Aaron Frankel , is based on the Spewacks ' personal papers from the Theater Arts Collection of Columbia University 's Rare Book and Manuscript Library . Their best known straight play was My Three Angels , which is still sometimes performed , and was adapted as the film We 're No Angels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "913588602f7776d2c2a3902bed21c569", "text": "This Kiss (Faith Hill song) `` This Kiss '' is a song written by Beth Nielsen Chapman , Robin Lerner and Annie Roboff , and recorded by American country music singer Faith Hill . It was released on March 10 , 1998 as the first single from her album , Faith . The song became a crossover single , reaching # 1 on the U.S. and Canadian country charts , in addition to reaching Top 10 on the US pop and Adult Contemporary charts , as well as Top Ten in Australia and Top 20 in the United Kingdom . `` This Kiss '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Grammy Award for Best Country Song , losing both to `` You 're Still the One '' by Canadian singer Shania Twain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab1b4efaa41fbf1a1d3c66fbbc98f5f", "text": "Sally in Our Alley (1931 film) Sally in Our Alley is a 1931 British romantic comedy drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gracie Fields , Ian Hunter , and Florence Desmond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4fd2835298e39d9e66d92d5a7f1082b", "text": "Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum . Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded . The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's . When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "958c6ae2d4d8545fcfb9c46d00979364", "text": "As If We Never Said Goodbye `` As If We Never Said Goodbye '' is a song from the musical Sunset Boulevard . It is written by Don Black , Christopher Hampton ( with additional lyrics by Amy Powers ) , and Andrew Lloyd Webber . Ben Rimalower on Playbill calls it Andrew Lloyd Webber 's greatest song . In Sunset Boulevard , the main character , Norma Desmond , reveals her longing to return to the spotlight of fame . The song has also been performed by Barbra Streisand , and is featured on her album Back to Broadway , as well as the live albums The Concert and Back to Brooklyn . Elaine Paige , who starred in the original London and Broadway productions of Sunset Boulevard , also recorded the song for her album Encore . Chris Colfer ( as Kurt Hummel ) sings the song on the Glee Season 2 episode `` Born This Way '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "214f053b0b67144d39c5bf5d9d7253c8", "text": "Randy Meisner (1982 album) Randy Meisner is the third solo studio album ( and the second self-titled ) by Randy Meisner . It was released in mid 1982 , on Epic in the United States , and in the United Kingdom . It is to-date Meisner 's final solo album of original material . The album features a duet with Heart 's lead vocalist , Ann Wilson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68086bf6f1297817440fa1db93a02549", "text": "Another Op'nin', Another Show `` Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show '' is the opening number of Cole Porter 's 1948 musical Kiss Me , Kate . Sung by a band of players performing a musical adaption of Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , the song has become regarded as a show business anthem on a level with `` That 's Entertainment ! '' ( from The Band Wagon ) and `` There 's No Business Like Show Business '' ( from Annie Get Your Gun ) . However , it was not included in the 1953 film version of the musical . Adelaide Hall , playing the role of Hattie , sang Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show on the West-End stage ( 400 times ) when the London production of Kiss Me , Kate opened on 8 March 1951 at the Coliseum Theatre where it ran for 400 performances . Patricia Morison ( who starred in the original Broadway production of Kiss Me Kate ) , Marin Mazzie , and Hannah Waddingham have all performed versions of the song . It was also the opening number of episode 514 of The Muppet Show", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e09dfe361ed1f4d0c097d946d49f3064", "text": "Long Goodbye (song) `` Long Goodbye '' is a song by the British pop group Thompson Twins , released in 1987 as the second and final single from their sixth studio album Close to the Bone . It was written by Alannah Currie and Tom Bailey , and produced by Rupert Hine and Bailey . Continuing the duo 's commercial decline , the single only peaked at # 89 in the UK for a total of one week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f277de82a67c9867ca84cf27db82fe93", "text": "You and Me Kid You and Me , Kid is an American children 's television series which premiered on The Disney Channel on April 18 , 1983 . The series was hosted by Sonny Melendrez who was joined by the You and Me Players ( Toni Attell , Caleb Chung , Mitchell Young Evans , Gary Schwartz and Ricci Mann ) . Each show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was dedicated to building interactive skills between parents and their toddler children . The shows contained five segments : Let 's Go ! ( exercise skills ) You and Me Theater ( creative drama ) Famous and 1/2 ( celebrities and their children ) Ssh ! ( listening and observation skills ) Mime Your Own Business ( pantomime ) Its theme song Just You and Me , Kid was sung by Robin Frederick . The show ran for 130 episodes and reruns continued to air on the channel until September 29 , 1991 . Four VHS tapes were released by Walt Disney Home Video in the mid-1980s for the then new video home rental market . Each tape contained four episodes and have since become hard to find . In 1988 , a store with same name opened up at Disney Village Marketplace which sold children 's apparel , games and toys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09aced6cb629490779a3a43b90335586", "text": "Goodbye Priscilla (Bye Bye Baby Blue) `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' is a song written by Deanna Summers , David Saxton and Ben Shaw . It was published by Silicon Music , BMI in 1977 and first recorded by Gene Summers that same year . The song was initially released by Tear Drop Records as a one-sided , promotional , single and later re-issued with `` World Of Illusion '' as the flip side ( #TD 3405 ) . `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was written as a tribute to Elvis and Priscilla Presley . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much-sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . When `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' was first released there was a controversy about which Priscilla it was written for : Priscilla Presley , or Priscilla Davis , wife of T. Cullen Davis and central figure in the T. Cullen Davis murder trials . In his book Blood Will Tell : The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis author Gary Cartwright credited the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d444d079f0c65e8fd7bc5ec88b6f0ee8", "text": "Wyatt Earp Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 ) was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat . Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' . By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life . Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death . Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 ( about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars ) . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles . Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16e2fa4ceeabaf7d202ed7c59a2be23", "text": "Fred J. Dodge Frederick J. Dodge ( August 29 , 1854 -- December 16 , 1938 ) was an undercover Wells Fargo detective , a constable in Tombstone , Arizona , and Texas cattleman . He was born in Spring Valley in northern Butte County , California and was raised in Sacramento . He worked as undercover agent for Wells Fargo in California , Nevada and Arizona . In December 1879 , he was working in Tombstone , Arizona and recommended that Wyatt Earp be hired as a guard and messenger for the stage line . The two quickly became good friends and Dodge supported Wyatt and his brothers in their troubles in Tombstone that led up to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and afterward . He and Wyatt remained friends the rest of their lives .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "371918ae5b95af7b0b827f7e8e15e503", "text": "The United States of Lyncherdom `` The United States of Lyncherdom '' is an essay by Mark Twain written in 1901 . He was prompted to write it after the lynchings of Will Godley , his grandfather French Godley , and Eugene Carter ( also known as Barrett ) . They were accused in the rape and murder of Gazelle Wild ( or Casselle Wilds ) on August 19 , 1901 , in Pierce City , Missouri , located in Twain 's home state . The work blames lynching in the United States on the herd mentality that prevails among Americans . Twain decided that the country was not ready for the essay , and shelved it . A redacted version was finally published in 1923 , when Twain 's literary executor , Albert Bigelow Paine , slipped it into a posthumous collection , Europe and Elsewhere . Twain mentions two law enforcement officials who had recently stopped lynchings . One was Sheriff Joseph Merrill of Carroll County , Georgia , and the other was Thomas Beloat of Gibson County , Indiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf0e4f547c08de7d5d211769f94fda79", "text": "Wild Bill Hickok (film) Wild Bill Hickok is a 1923 American Western silent film directed by Clifford Smith , and written by William S. Hart and J.G. Hawks . It stars William S. Hart , Ethel Grey Terry , Kathleen O'Connor , James Farley , Jack Gardner , Carl Gerard and William Dyer . The film was released on November 18 , 1923 , by Paramount Pictures . It was the first film to depict Wyatt Earp , although in a very brief role , and the only film made before he died in 1929 that included his character , until Law and Order was released in 1932 . A print of the film exists in the Museum of Modern Art film archive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4dd3102fd5f9365736ea3a89f16e27", "text": "Conscience Whigs The `` Conscience '' Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in the state of Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery . They were noted as opponents of the more conservative `` Cotton '' Whigs who dominated the state party , led by such figures as Edward Everett , Robert C. Winthrop , and Abbott Lawrence , whose close association with the New England textile industry led them to de-emphasize the slavery issue . Leaders of the `` Conscience Whigs '' included Charles Sumner , Henry Wilson , and Charles Francis Adams . The group split from the Whig party in 1848 , when the national party nominated the slave-owning General Zachary Taylor for President , and played a role in the creation of the new Free Soil Party , which nominated Adams for Vice President on a ticket with anti-slavery former Democratic President Martin Van Buren . Following the failure of the Free Soil Party in the election that year , most Conscience Whigs would return to the Whig fold . More followed after the Compromise of 1850 temporarily neutralized the issue of slavery . During the mid 1850s , several Conscience leaders played an important role later in the foundation of the Republican Party . The term `` Conscience Whig '' is sometimes used more broadly to refer to Whigs in other states noted for their opposition to slavery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad1104b0b692f6226c3f05ee6794cc0", "text": "Davy Crockett David `` Davy '' Crockett ( August 17 , 1786 -- March 6 , 1836 ) was a 19th-century American folk hero , frontiersman , soldier , and politician . He is commonly referred to in popular culture by the epithet `` King of the Wild Frontier '' . He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives and served in the Texas Revolution . Crockett grew up in East Tennessee , where he gained a reputation for hunting and storytelling . After being made a colonel in the militia of Lawrence County , Tennessee , he was elected to the Tennessee state legislature in 1821 . In 1825 , Crockett was elected to the U.S. Congress , where he vehemently opposed many of the policies of President Andrew Jackson , most notably the Indian Removal Act . Crockett 's opposition to Jackson 's policies led to his defeat in the 1831 elections . He won again in 1833 , then narrowly lost in 1835 , prompting his angry departure to Texas ( then the Mexican state of Tejas ) shortly thereafter . In early 1836 , Crockett took part in the Texas Revolution and was killed at the Battle of the Alamo in March . Crockett became famous in his own lifetime for larger-than-life exploits popularized by stage plays and almanacs . After his death , he continued to be credited with acts of mythical proportion . These led in the 20th century to television and movie portrayals , and he became one of the best-known American folk heroes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdb18149821a2ed04ed2de5cbcc980b", "text": "Frank Stilwell Frank C. Stilwell ( ca. 1856 -- March 20 , 1882 ) was an outlaw Cowboy who killed at least two men in Cochise County during 1877 -- 82 . Both killings were considered to have been self-defense . For four months he was a deputy sheriff in Tombstone , Arizona Territory for Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan . Stilwell owned interests in several mines and various businesses , including a saloon , a wholesale liquor business , a stage line , and at his death livery stables in Charleston and Bisbee . He was also a partner in a Bisbee-area saloon with ex-Texas Ranger Pete Spence . He was closely involved in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26 , 1881 , and was suspected in the murder of Morgan Earp on March 18 , 1882 . Two days after Morgan 's death , Frank Stilwell was killed by Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp in a Tucson train yard . Arrest warrants were issued for Earp and four others in his gang suspected of murdering Stilwell . Murder indictments were issued at Pima County for Wyatt Earp , Doc Holliday , Warren Earp , Sherman McMaster and John Johnson . Earp agreed to turn himself in but instead fled the Arizona Territory for Colorado . Wyatt Earp admitted late in his life to killing Stilwell at close range with a shotgun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ce884dfd45b2deaa88c7ab9ce5ac7", "text": "Robert A. Taft Robert Alphonso Taft ( September 8 , 1889 -- July 31 , 1953 ) was a conservative American politician , statesman , and presidential hopeful who served as a United States Senator from Ohio from 1939 until his death in 1953 . A member of the Republican Taft political family , he was the elder son of William Howard Taft ( the 27th President of the United States and 10th Chief Justice of the United States ) . Taft was the Senate 's main opponent of Franklin Roosevelt 's New Deal domestic policies . After the president 's death , Taft successfully led the conservative coalition 's efforts to curb the power of labor unions . Taft was a leading advocate of non-interventionism in foreign policy . He failed in his quests to win the Republican Party 's presidential nomination in 1940 , 1948 , and 1952 . Throughout that period he battled New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey ( leader of the moderate `` Eastern Establishment '' ) for control of the party . Taft 's biographer , James T. Patterson , portrayed Taft as honest , conscientious , courageous , dignified , and highly intelligent but also faulted Taft 's competitiveness , lack of public-relations skills , and extreme partisanship . A 1957 Senate committee named Taft as one of America 's five greatest senators , along with Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , and Robert M. La Follette , Sr. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65c5e76a8a4e9d243f49b747249a050b", "text": "Wendell Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie ( born Lewis Wendell Willkie ; February 18 , 1892 -- October 8 , 1944 ) was an American lawyer and corporate executive , and the 1940 Republican nominee for President . Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field 's only interventionist : although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor , he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies . His Democratic opponent , incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt , won the 1940 election with about 55 % of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin . Willkie was born in Indiana in 1892 ; both his parents were lawyers , and he also became one . He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war , and saw no action . Willkie settled in Akron , Ohio , where he was initially employed by Firestone , but left for a law firm , becoming one of the leaders of the Akron bar . Much of his work was representing electric utilities , and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation ( C&S ) , a utility holding company . He was rapidly promoted , and became corporate president in 1933 . Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S , and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) that would supply power in competition with C&S . Between 1933 and 1939 , Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress , in the courts , and before the public . He was ultimately unsuccessful , but sold C&S 's property for a good price , and gained public esteem . A longtime Democratic activist , Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939 . He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries , but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention . He sought backing from uncommitted delegates , while his supporters -- many youthful -- enthusiastically promoted his candidacy . As German forces under Hitler rampaged through western Europe in 1940 , many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Thomas E. Dewey , and turned to Willkie , who was nominated on the sixth ballot over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft . Willkie 's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt , and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft . Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race . Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term , taking 38 of the 48 states . After the election , Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt 's informal envoy , and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support . This angered many conservatives , especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes . Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944 , but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April . He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming , after the war , a liberal political party , but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit . Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1940 , which allowed the president to aid Britain in its time of crisis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f648e7584dc88c0c43ff0e82ec183148", "text": "Cochise County in the Old West Cochise County in the Old West was the site of ongoing Apache Indian attacks and a bitter feud between outlaw Cowboys and lawmen like Virgil Earp and his brothers . The county was carved off in 1881 from the easternmost portion of Pima County during a formative period in the American Southwest . Tensions began as soon as American settlers began arriving in what is now Cochise County . The time period was characterized by rapidly growing boomtowns , ongoing Apache raids , smuggling and cattle rustling across the United States-Mexico border , growing ranching operations , and the expansion of new technologies in mining , railroading , and telecommunications . In the 1860s , following the Gadsden Purchase and the arrival of American settlers , conflict between the Apaches and the Americans was at its height . Pima County and later Cochise County were located in the center of the Apache wars and until 1886 there was almost constant warfare in that region adjacent to the Mexican border . In addition to the conflict with the Native Americans , during the 1870s and 1880s , there was considerable tension between the rural residents who were for the most part Democrats from the agrarian Confederate States and town residents and business owners who were largely Republicans from the industrial Union States . The tension culminated in what has been called the Cochise County feud , or the Earp-Clanton feud , which ended with the historic Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and Wyatt Earp 's Vendetta Ride . Dr. George E. Goodfellow described Tombstone , the capital of Cochise County , as the `` condensation of wickedness . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "490882ac19e50683930cdd1471078ed9", "text": "Enoch W. Eastman Enoch W. Eastman ( April 15 , 1810 -- January 9 , 1885 ) was an American politician . Born in Deerfield , New Hampshire , Enoch Worthen Eastman studied law in New Hampshire and was admitted to the bar . He then moved to Iowa . Although a Democrat , he distinguished himself the first year of his residence in Iowa by taking the stump against the adoption of the Constitution recently framed by his party and helped to defeat it at the election . Under this Constitution the boundaries of the State would have extended north taking in a large portion of southeastern Minnesota and would have excluded all of the Missouri slope west of a line running north and south from near the west side of Kossuth and Ringgold counties . Enoch W. Eastman , Theodore S. Parvin and Frederick D. Mills , all Democrats and young men , warmly opposed the adoption of such boundaries and influenced enough of their Democratic associates to unite with the Whigs to defeat the Constitution . This was one of the most important public services ever rendered the State . When Iowa was called upon to contribute a stone for the Washington monument in 1850 , Enoch W. Eastman was the author of the inscription placed upon it : `` Iowa -- Her affections like the rivers of her borders , flow to an inseparable Union . '' Mr. Eastman removed to Oskaloosa in 1847 and to Eldora in 1857 . When the Civil War began he left the Democratic party and united with the Republicans . Eastman was elected Lieutenant Governor of Iowa serving under Governor William M. Stone . In 1883 , Eastman was elected to the Iowa State Senate and died while in office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afb9a29fcddbb48509c8594d5b40e610", "text": "Dawes Act The Dawes Act of 1887 ( also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ) , adopted by Congress in 1887 , authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians . Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship . The Dawes Act was amended in 1891 , in 1898 by the Curtis Act , and again in 1906 by the Burke Act . The Act was named for its creator , Senator Henry Laurens Dawes of Massachusetts . The objectives of the Dawes Act were to lift the Native Americans out of poverty , to stimulate assimilation of them into mainstream American society , and to transfer lands under Indian control to white settlers . Individual household ownership of land and subsistence farming on the European-American model was seen as an essential step . The act provided that the government would classify as `` excess '' those Indian reservation lands remaining after allotments , and sell those lands on the open market , allowing purchase and settlement by non-Native Americans . The Dawes Commission , set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893 , was created to try to persuade the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to allotment plans . ( They had been excluded from the Dawes Act by their treaties . ) This commission registered the members of the Five Civilized Tribes on what became known as the Dawes Rolls . The Curtis Act of 1898 amended the Dawes Act to extend its provisions to the Five Civilized Tribes ; it required abolition of their governments , allotment of communal lands to people registered as tribal members , and sale of lands declared surplus , as well as dissolving tribal courts . This completed the extinguishment of tribal land titles in Indian Territory , preparing it to be admitted to the Union as the state of Oklahoma . During the ensuing decades , the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands , which were sold to non-Natives . In addition , many individuals , unfamiliar with land ownership , became the target of speculators and criminals , were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming , and lost their household lands . Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes . During the Great Depression , the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration supported passage on June 18 , 1934 of the US Indian Reorganization Act ( also known as the Wheeler-Howard Law ) . It ended land allotment and created a `` New Deal '' for Indians , renewing their rights to reorganize and form their self-governments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbc520a79964e56fc7f0a4423933768d", "text": "Earhart Earhart is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Amelia Earhart ( 1897 -- disappeared 1937 ) , American aviation pioneer and author Daniel S. Earhart ( 1907 -- 1976 ) , U.S. Representative from Ohio Fred A. Earhart , acting mayor of New Orleans for one day on July 15 , 1936 Harry Boyd Earhart ( 1870 -- 1954 ) , successful oil company executive Ralph Earhart , former halfback in the National Football League Will Earhart ( 1871 -- 1960 ) , pioneering American music educator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ed64cb739e5b643a3025a1237eb664c", "text": "Frank Loving Frank Loving , sometimes called `` Cockeyed '' Frank Loving ( 1860 -- April 21 , 1882 ) was an Old West gambler and gunman . His two known gunfights were two of the better-known and well-publicized shootouts of the day , although over time they have become obscure . Loving was born in Jackson County , Missouri , and later moved with his family to Texas , where his father died in the early 1870s . He began making his living as a professional gambler by his late teens , frequenting saloons and eventually landing in Dodge City , Kansas . Once settled in Dodge City , Loving began to frequent the Long Branch Saloon , where he became associated with other well-known gamblers , gunmen , and lawmen , to include Doc Holliday , Bat Masterson , Wyatt Earp , Charlie Bassett , and John Allen , with a friendship developing between gunman/gambler Levi Richardson and him . He also became good friends with Long Branch Saloon owner Chalkley Beeson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8eae82a811d860f395f9b32b466621", "text": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European -- American culture between the years of 1790 -- 1920 . George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose , in an American context , the cultural transformation of Native Americans . They formulated a policy to encourage the `` civilizing '' process . With increased waves of immigration from Europe , there was growing public support for education to encourage a standard set of cultural values and practices to be held in common by the majority of citizens . Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities . Americanization policies were based on the idea that when indigenous people learned United States ( American ) customs and values , they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society . After the end of the Indian Wars , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the government outlawed the practice of traditional religious ceremonies . It established Native American boarding schools which children were required to attend . In these schools they were forced to speak English , study standard subjects , attend church , and leave tribal traditions behind . The Dawes Act of 1887 , which allotted tribal lands in severalty to individuals , was seen as a way to create individual homesteads for Native Americans . Land allotments were made in exchange for Native Americans ' becoming US citizens and giving up some forms of tribal self-government and institutions . It resulted in the transfer of an estimated total of 93 e6acre from Native American control . Most was sold to individuals or given out free through the Homestead law , or given directly to Indians as individuals . The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 was also part of Americanization policy ; it gave full citizenship to all Indians living on reservations . The leading opponent of forced assimilation was John Collier , who directed the federal Office of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945 , and tried to reverse many of the established policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47101477ec5158d40fb3038eec97db4b", "text": "United States elections, 1844 The 1844 United States elections elected the members of the 29th United States Congress , and took place during the Second Party System in the midst of the debate over whether to annex Texas . Texas and Iowa joined the union during the 29th Congress . Democrats retained control of the House and took back control of the Presidency and the Senate , re-establishing the dominant position the party had lost in the 1840 election . In the Presidential election , Democratic former Speaker of the House James K. Polk defeated Whig former Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky . Though Polk won the popular vote by a little over one percent , he won by a comfortable margin in the electoral college . James G. Birney of the nascent Liberty Party took two percent of the popular vote , and may have swung the election by taking votes from Clay in New York . The little-known Polk defeated several rivals to win his party 's nomination , emerging as the first dark horse nominee in U.S. presidential history . Incumbent President John Tyler , who had been expelled from the Whig party early in his presidency , was briefly the candidate of the newly formed Democratic-Republican Party , but dropped out of the race after Polk announced his support for ratification of Tyler 's Texas annexation treaty . In the House , Whigs picked up a small number of seats , but Democrats retained a commanding majority . In the Senate , Democrats picked up several seats , re-taking the majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34510faa658db2237606588dcdb643b4", "text": "Edward Everett Edward Everett ( April 11 , 1794 -- January 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician , pastor , educator , diplomat , and orator from Massachusetts . Everett , a Whig , served as U.S. Representative , U.S. Senator , the 15th Governor of Massachusetts , Minister to Great Britain , and United States Secretary of State . He also taught at Harvard University and served as its president . Everett was one of the great American orators of the antebellum and Civil War eras . He is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the Gettysburg National Cemetery in 1863 , where he spoke for over two hoursimmediately before President Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous , two-minute Gettysburg Address . The son of a pastor , Everett was educated at Harvard , and briefly ministered at Boston 's Brattle Street Church before taking a teaching job at Harvard . The position included preparatory studies in Europe , so Everett spent two years in studies at the University of Göttingen , and another two years traveling around Europe . At Harvard he taught ancient Greek literature for several years before becoming involved in politics , and began an extensive and popular speaking career . He served ten years in the United States Congress before winning election as Governor of Massachusetts in 1835 . As governor he introduced the state Board of Education , the first of its type in the nation . After being defeated in the 1839 election by one vote , Everett was appointed Minister to Great Britain , serving until 1845 . He next became President of Harvard , a job he quickly came to dislike . In 1849 he became an assistant to longtime friend and colleague Daniel Webster , who had been appointed Secretary of State . Upon Webster 's death Everett served as Secretary of State for a few months until he was sworn in as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts . In the later years of his life Everett traveled , giving speeches all over the country . He supported efforts to maintain the Union before the Civil War , running for Vice President on the Constitutional Union Party ticket in 1860 . He was active in supporting the Union effort during the war and supported Lincoln in the 1864 election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f957274b6cb05d1647ed7239bd7e19ce", "text": "Archibald Williams (judge) Archibald Williams ( June 10 , 1801 -- September 21 , 1863 ) was a United States federal judge . Born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , Williams read law to enter the bar in 1828 . He was in private practice in Quincy , Illinois beginning in 1829 . He was the United States Attorney for the District of Illinois from 1849 to 1853 . He served in both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois State Senate . On March 8 , 1861 , Williams was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas created by 12 Stat . 126 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 12 , 1861 , and received his commission the same day . Williams served in that capacity until his death , in 1863 , in Quincy , Illinois . Archibald Williams 's historical significance was based on his close friendship with Abraham Lincoln , the 16th President of the United States , who issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves . Lincoln was from Springfield , Illinois , and Williams was from Quincy , Illinois , a port city on the Mississippi River along the western border of the state . The two men were close political allies in the Whig Party and , later on , in the newly founded Republican Party . They first met when serving in the Illinois state legislature in the early 1830 's . They were compatriots for 29 years . Archibald Williams led the life of a political party workhorse , first for the Whig Party and then the Republicans . He served in the Illinois state legislature , made two unsuccessful runs for the U.S. Senate as a Whig , played a leading role at the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 , chaired many important political meetings in Quincy , Illinois , attended many state political party conventions , made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives , and in 1858 campaigned in Illinois for his friend Abraham Lincoln . In all recorded instances , Archibald Williams gave Abraham Lincoln his true and unwavering support . Archibald Williams died in 1863 . By that time , Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States and the leader of the Northern states during the American Civil War . Birth and Early Life Archibald Williams was born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , on June 10 , 1801 . He was the son of John Williams and Amelia Gill Williams . He grew up in Kentucky , qualified to be a lawyer in the neighboring state of Tennessee , and then moved west with some of his brothers and sisters to Quincy , Illinois . As a young attorney , he rode circuit , going from county court to county court arguing legal cases . He was particularly noted for taking cases on appeal , and he argued many cases before the Illinois state Supreme Court . He married Nancy Kemp , who also had come from Kentucky , on July 28 , 1831 . They had nine children , but only five grew up to be adults . For several months in early 1832 he served as a volunteer in the Black Hawk War against Native Americans . In the fall of 1832 he strongly supported Henry Clay for President of the United States . At the Illinois State Legislature Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Senate in 1832 . He studied and reported on School Financing to the state Senate , arguing for local control of schools rather than establishing a statewide system . Later in his legislative career , he labeled the Illinois Internal Improvements program `` Infernal Improvements '' due to its financial difficulties leading to bankruptcy . Abraham Lincoln was elected to the state legislature in 1834 . Archibald Williams and Lincoln became good friends and both subsequently joined the Whig Party . Lincoln was said to have seen Archibald Williams as a great `` reasoner . '' The two men were described as `` sitting next to each other in the southeast corner of the statehouse . '' It was noted : `` Lincoln did not hesitate to consult Williams at all times , and the two men were often associated in legal work . '' Twice the Whig Candidate for U.S. Senator Archibald Williams ran for the United States Senate as a Whig in 1836 and in 1842 . At those times the selection of U.S. senators was made by both houses of the state legislature . Lincoln voted for Archibald Williams the first time he ran for U.S. Senator in 1836 . The second time Archibald Williams ran , in 1842 , Lincoln was no longer in the state legislature and thus could not vote for his friend . In both instances , Archibald Williams was not elected . Witnessed Abraham Lincoln 's Admission to U.S. Courts Abraham Lincoln was admitted to practice law in the United States Circuit Court on December 3 , 1839 . U.S Court Judge Nathaniel Pope presided over the ceremony . A Quincy , Illinois , newspaper noted that Archibald Williams was present at the ceremony . Presided Over Whig Party State Conventions in Illinois Archibald Williams presided over a Whig Party state convention meeting in Springfield , Illinois , in 1843 . Abraham Lincoln attended the convention and was elected a Whig Party presidential elector for the 1844 presidential election . Unfortunately for the Whigs , Democrat James K. Polk of Tennessee won the presidential election . In June of 1844 , Archibald Williams was elected president of an Illinois state Whig Party convention in Peoria , Illinois . Abraham Lincoln spoke to the convention in support of the United States charging higher tariffs on imported goods , a major Whig position at the time . Supported African Colonization of Freed Slaves Along with Abraham Lincoln , Archibald Williams in the 1840 's supported the African colonization of freed slaves by joining the Illinois colonization society . Although opposed to slavery , both men believed Southerners should be allowed to keep their slaves but also should be urged to free their slaves voluntarily and return them to Africa . This was thought to be a reasonable and non-coercive solution to the slavery problem . The Mormon Problem in Illinois Joining with his friend and fellow Quincy lawyer Orville Browning , Archibald Williams in 1840 helped to defend Mormon leader Joseph Smith from being extradited to Missouri to face possible execution for alleged crimes . Joseph Smith was the founder of the Church of Latter Day Saints ( Mormons ) , and he and his church were unpopular because of the voting power of his supporters and their belief in men having multiple wives . Thanks to Browning 's and Williams 's arguments in court , Smith was not extradited to Missouri but remained in Illinois and founded a Mormon colony at Nauvoo , Illinois . Four years later , in 1844 , Smith and his brother Hyrum were murdered by a mob while incarcerated in the jail at Carthage , Illinois . Williams and Browning switched sides and helped to defend in court the accused murderers of Joseph and Hyrum Smith . The murderers were all found not-guilty . Shortly afterward , Archibald Williams chaired a meeting in Quincy , Illinois , that sought to arrange for a peaceful departure of the Mormons from Illinois to the far western state of Utah . Archibald Williams appointed a delegation of Quincy citizens that traveled to Nauvoo and convinced the new Mormon leader , Brigham Young , to leave Illinois for Utah in an orderly manner . Brigham Young said the Mormons could not leave immediately , but when `` grass grows and water runs , '' both signs of spring . The following spring the Mormons peacefully left Illinois for Utah , traveling mainly by wagon train . The Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 as a Whig . The convention met in the state capitol in Springfield , Illinois , and proceeded to write an improved state constitution . Williams was elected in a Democratic district against a Democratic candidate . Although the Democrats had a majority of the delegates to the convention , the Whigs could break away Democratic votes when they needed them and ended up dominating the convention . A historian noted : `` James W. Singleton of Mount Sterling , Archibald Williams of Quincy , and David M. Woodson of Carrollton aggressively upheld the Whig cause against the attacks of various capable Democratic opponents . '' At the constitutional convention , Archibald Williams and the Whig Party supported the rights of property , strict voting requirements in state elections , and allowing the state legislature to override the governor 's veto by a majority vote rather than a two-thirds vote . Two issues were sent to the state 's voters - one calling for the creation of an Illinois state bank and the other limiting the immigration into Illinois of freed slaves from the slave states . The voters of Illinois rejected the idea of an Illinois state bank but approved limiting the immigration of freed slaves . Archibald Williams gave a major speech at the constitutional convention opposing the idea that the Illinois Supreme Court should meet at various locations throughout the state rather than only in the state capital of Springfield . After the constitutional convention adjourned , the voters of Illinois approved the new constitution by a ratio of almost 4 to 1 . The Constitutional Convention of 1847 was a landmark in the legal and political career of Archibald Williams . He succeeded in furthering the ideals and policies of the Whig Party against stiff Democratic Party opposition . He was three months in Springfield , the state capital , meeting and working with many of the leading politicians and government officials from throughout the state . It helped to make him a significant figure in Illinois political and governmental history . The `` Lincoln Letter '' to Archibald Williams In the 1848 presidential election , Abraham Lincoln was backing General Zachary Taylor , a Mexican War hero , for the Whig Party nomination . A problem developed when Orville H. Browning , a Whig Party leader in Quincy , Illinois , supported the nomination of past Whig Party favorite Henry Clay . On April 30 , 1848 , Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to Archibald Williams urging him to support Zachary Taylor and , if possible , also enlist the support of Browning . The letter read : Washington , April 30 , 1848 Dear Williams , I have not seen in the papers and evidence of a movement to send a delegate from your circuit to the June convention - I wish to say that I think it all important that a delegate should be sent - Mr. Clay 's chance for election is just no chance at all . He might get New York , and that would have elected in 1844 but it will not now ; because he must now at the least , have Tennessee , which he had then and , in addition , the fifteen new votes of Florida , Texas , Iowa , and Wisconsin . I know that our good friend Browning is a great admirer of Mr. Clay , and I therefore fear he is favoring his nomination . If he is , ask him to discard feeling , and try if he can possibly , as a matter of judgement , count the votes necessary to elect him . In my judgment , we can elect nobody but Gen. Taylor , and we can not elect him without a nomination - Therefore do n't fail to send a delegation - Your friend as ever , A. Lincoln This letter demonstrates the close friendship and easygoing familiarity between Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams . It also reveals Lincoln 's developing skills as an up and coming Illinois politician . It is not known whether Archibald Williams prevailed on Orville Browning to support Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination for president in 1848 . What is known is that Zachary Taylor not only gained the Whig Party nomination but also won the presidency . Named U.S. District Attorney for Illinois Once in the White House in Washington , D.C. , newly elected President Zachary Taylor appointed Archibald Williams the United States District Attorney for the state of Illinois . Abraham Lincoln had sent the following letter in support of Williams 's nomination : Washington , March 8 , 1849 Hon : John M. Clayton Secretary of State Dear Sir : We Recommend that Archibald Williams , of Quincy , Illinois , be appointed U.S. District Attorney for the District of Illinois , when that office shall become vacant . Your Obt . Servts . A. Lincoln As U.S. District Attorney for Illinois , it was Archibald Williams 's job to prosecute cases in the U.S. District Court . The job became more difficult for Williams in 1850 when Congress enacted the Compromise of 1850 , which included a new Fugitive Slave Law . This law required Williams , in his role as U.S. District Attorney , to oversee the capture of runaway slaves and their return to their owners in the South . Williams was opposed to slavery personally but , in the 1850 's , acknowledged the right of slave owners in the South to keep their slaves . He fully discharged his duties under the Fugitive Slave Act . Death of Nancy Kemp Williams Archibald Williams 's wife , Nancy Kemp Williams , died on March 16 , 1854 , giving birth to a daughter , Nancy Williams . The baby survived the birth and lived to be an adult . Archibald and Nancy Williams had been married for 22 years . Candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 In the early 1850 's , U.S. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois sought the adoption of the Kansas and Nebraska acts . The bills provided for Kansas and Nebraska to become territories with provision for `` popular sovereignty , '' the idea that the citizens of each new territory would be allowed to vote on whether the territory should be slave or free . This produced a sharp reaction on the part of those opposed to slavery in the territories , because the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had stated that the lands that comprised Kansas and Nebraska should be free territory , not slave territory . The result was the anti-Nebraska movement , which opposed popular sovereignty for Nebraska on the grounds that the citizens of the territory might vote for slavery and thereby spread slavery further into the territories . Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln both became anti-Nebraska men . For his part , Archibald Williams ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 on a strong anti-Nebraska platform . Williams was running against incumbent Democratic Representative William A. Richardson , a formidable opponent . The U.S. House district that comprised Quincy , Illinois , was strongly Democratic . On the other hand , Richardson was a close political ally of Stephen Douglas and had strongly backed popular sovereignty for Nebraska in the U.S. House . Williams and his supporters hoped the wave of anti-Nebraska sentiment sweeping the northern states might just be strong enough to defeat Richardson , despite the strong Democratic voting tendency of the House district . On October 31 , 1854 , Abraham Lincoln arrived in Quincy , Illinois , to give a speech in support of Archibald Williams 's candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives . It took two days for him to travel by railroad and stagecoach to Quincy . In a letter to a friend and political ally , Lincoln wrote : `` I am here now going to Quincy , to try to give Mr. -LSB- Archibald -RSB- Williams a little life . '' Even with Abraham Lincoln 's help , Archibald Williams lost the election to William Richardson . The overall election was a success for the anti-Nebraska movement , however , as the anti-Nebraska forces won enough seats to gain a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives . After 1854 , Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln and other anti-Nebraskans took the lead in forming the Republican Party in Illinois around the issue of `` no slavery in the territories . '' An Archibald Williams Committee Influences Lincoln Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter in which he said he was ready to `` fuse '' with other anti-slavery groups according to `` principles '' adopted at a public meeting in Quincy , Illinois . The purpose of fusion was to bring many disparate anti-slavery groups together to form the Republican Party . Lincoln 's letter noted that the principles had been drawn up by a three-person committee led `` by Mr. Archibald Williams . '' The principles centered on the idea that Southern slave owners could keep their slaves but that slavery would be forbidden in the territories . Archibald Williams and his committee either influenced Lincoln directly on `` fusion , '' or else they confirmed a position on `` fusion '' that Lincoln had already adopted . At the United States Supreme Court Archibald Williams argued a case before the United States Supreme Court on December 6 and 7 , 1855 . Orville Browning , Williams 's good friend from Quincy , Illinois , was the opposing lawyer . The issue in dispute dealt with rival claims for lands and centered on whether the question of `` bad faith '' in the matter should be decided by a judge or by a jury . The Court ruled in Wright v. Mattison that `` bad faith '' should not be decided by the judge but by the jury , which had been the precedent . The Court ordered the case to be retried in a lower court . The outcome was a victory for Browning and a loss for Williams . The Beginnings of the Republican Party in Illinois In 1856 , Archibald Williams was the temporary chairman at a major anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington , Illinois . Williams led the convention until a permanent chairman had been elected . While attending the convention , Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams slept in the same bed at the Bloomington home of David Davis , a close friend of both men.A historian noted : `` At Bloomington , Lincoln , Archibald Williams , his old associate in the Legislature , -LSB- and -RSB- T. Lyle Dickey , of Ottawa -LSB- Illinois -RSB- , a good lawyer , went to -LSB- David -RSB- Davis 's house and lived there during the Convention . Lincoln and Williams slept in one bed and Dickey and Whitney in another ... The course of the historic Bloomfield Convention was decisively influenced by the counsels that came from the steady men in the Davis House . '' Although the name `` Republican '' was applied at a later date , the anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington was considered the birthplace of the Republican Party in Illinois . The Election of 1858 In 1858 , at a state party convention in Springfield , Illinois , Abraham Lincoln was nominated to be the Republican candidate for U.S. Senator from Illinois . A resolution passed at the convention stated that Lincoln `` was the first and only choice of the Republicans of Illinois for the U.S. Senate . '' In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race , Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas attacked Lincoln three times for having been described as `` the first and only choice '' of Illinois Republicans for the Senate seat . All three times , Douglas pointed to Archibald Williams as an Illinois Republican who would have been an acceptable alternate choice to Lincoln in that contest . Archibald Williams traveled and spoke throughout the state of Illinois in Lincoln 's behalf during the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A newspaper in Quincy , Illinois , allied with the Republican Party , printed : `` Old Archie Williams is doing good service for the Republican cause ... He has already spoken at Macomb , Oquawka , Monmouth , Cameron , Galesburg , and other points ... to large assemblages ; and everywhere , he has created enthusiasm and confidence among our friends and animated the lukewarm ... In the winter of his life ... Mr. Williams is found battling for the cause of Republicanism . '' The Illinois state legislature chose Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A close friend of Lincoln 's wrote : `` In January , 1859 , while the Democrats were celebrating the election of Stephen A. Douglas to the United States Senate , Archibald Williams ... came into Lincoln 's office and finding him writing said : ` Well , the Democrats are making a great noise over their victory . ' Looking up Lincoln replied : ` Yes , Archie , Douglas has taken this trick , but the game is not played out . ' '' The Lincoln-Douglas debates became so well-known that Lincoln gave personally signed presentation copies of the debates to his best friends and political associates . The one given to Archibald Williams was inscribed in Lincoln 's handwriting : `` To Hon : Archibald Williams , with respects of A. Lincoln . '' It was one more sign of Lincoln 's close friendship and strong political alliance with Archibald Williams . The Presidential Election of 1860 On December 25 , 1859 , a number of leading Republicans in Quincy , Illinois , including Archibald Williams , met with Horace Greeley , a prominent national journalist and editor of the New York Tribune . Greeley had famously stated `` Go west , young man . Go west ! '' Williams and the other Quincy Republicans talked to Greeley about Abraham Lincoln possibly becoming the Republican candidate for President in 1860 . Archibald Williams spoke throughout Illinois in behalf of Abraham Lincoln during Lincoln 's successful 1860 campaign for the White House in Washington , D.C. Almost on the Supreme Court , Then U.S. District Judge in Kansas Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1860 , Abraham Lincoln offered Archibald Williams a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court . Williams refused the offer due to ill health and advanced age . Williams recommended that Lincoln appoint a younger court nominee who could live for more years and thereby serve longer on the Court . Archibald Williams was then appointed by President Lincoln to be the Judge for the U.S. District Court of Kansas . Williams was the first person to hold the office of U.S. District Court Judge in Kansas , because Kansas had just been admitted to the Union as a state . Williams moved to Topeka , Kansas , the state capital , where he served more than two years as U.S. Judge . He moved back to Quincy , Illinois , shortly before his death on September 21 , 1863 . During his tenure as the U.S. District Court Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams worked on such issues as building a branch of the transcontinental railroad across Kansas , fair treatment of Native Americans in railroad matters , and the loyalty to the Union cause of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Kansas . Also while in Kansas , Williams married his second wife , Ellen M. Parker , on September 24 , 1861 . The marriage lasted a little less than two years until Archibald Williams death . While serving as the U.S. Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams traveled to Washington , D.C. , and , on May 29 , 1962 , paid a last visit to his old friend Abraham Lincoln in the White House . Death and Burial of Archibald Williams Archibald Williams was praised in obituaries as a leading attorney in Illinois in the mid-19th Century . His many political and governmental activities were noted , along with his deep friendship with Abraham Lincoln . The bar association in Quincy , Illinois , donated a large marble grave marker for Williams . The base of the marker was a stack of law books ; an obelisk was placed on top of the law books . He was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Quincy , Illinois , at a grave site that overlooks the Mississippi River .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "833ab02fa3cfa7aa7d6e81ad892b0ccc", "text": "Buffy the Animated Series Buffy the Animated Series is an animated television series concept based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . Initially greenlit by 20th Century Fox in 2002 , it went ultimately unproduced and unaired when no network was willing to buy the series . The series would have taken place in the middle of Buffy season 1 , as writer Jeph Loeb described the continuity as `` Episode 7.5 '' . Whedon and Loeb would later revisit the style of the series in the Season Eight comic story `` After These Messages ... We 'll Be Right Back ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82073e0c36880eae78becb227efa692b", "text": "Vampire (2011 film) Vampire is a 2011 dramatic horror-thriller film that was directed and written by Shunji Iwai . It was first released on January 22 , 2011 at the Sundance Film Festival and is the first film he has directed in English . The movie stars Kevin Zegers as a teacher who believes himself to be a blood-drinking vampire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f5da7ea2fc10b46bc33f920711a034a", "text": "List of Scream episodes Scream is an American slasher horror television series developed by Jill Blotevogel , Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie for MTV and is based on the slasher film series of the same name created by Kevin Williamson . The series premiered of June 30 , 2015 , following the airing of the second episode of the fifth season of Teen Wolf , to mixed reviews from critics , though it has slowly earned a strong fan base throughout its run . As of October 18 , 2016 , 24 episodes of Scream have aired , concluding the second season . Following the airing of the second season finale , it was announced that a two-hour Halloween special would air on October 18 , 2016 . On October 14 , 2016 , MTV renewed the series for a third season to consist of 6 episodes , which will premiere in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7f8c98cf75ac0f1e36551f2298f8b4", "text": "Darknet (TV series) Darknet is a Canadian horror series that ran from October 2013 through March 2014 . The show is an adaptation of the Japanese series Tori Hada . The series has been described as being composed of `` snippets of people 's lives being interrupted by vivid instances of unexpected violence or shocking strangeness '' and each episode consists of several interlocking stories . The series ' setup allowed for users to submit their own scripts and videos to the official series ' social media sites after the season 's end . The first episode of Darknet was released onto the Internet on October 31 , 2013 through the series ' official Vimeo page and subsequent episodes were made available through Super Channel . The first season of Darknet comprises six episodes and was completed on March 28 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4e1bfeb8222c0afd46b1bf7de887dc", "text": "Bryan Fuller Bryan Fuller ( born July 27 , 1969 ) is an American screenwriter and television producer . Fuller has worked exclusively as a writer/producer in television , creating a number of critically acclaimed television series , including Dead Like Me , Wonderfalls , Pushing Daisies , Hannibal , and American Gods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1e4b009c970a7926ff92fc8196e511", "text": "Know Thy Enemy `` Know Thy Enemy '' is the 17th episode of the second season of The CW television series , The Vampire Diaries and the 39th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on April 7 , 2011 . The episode was written by Mike Daniels and directed by Wendey Stanzler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525b3e49983a408066c55e35a5b8341", "text": "L. J. Smith (author) Lisa Jane Smith , known professionally as L. J. Smith , is an American author of young adult fiction best known for her best-selling series The Vampire Diaries , which has been turned into a successful television show . Her books , particularly The Vampire Diaries and Night World , have been in the New York Times Best Seller list and have been nominated for five awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b07b45caae35d333c59a7c7ee37659", "text": "Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon . The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon . Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e072a3cf9ccdcdb3b2b09c2bfed9b75a", "text": "Motive Studios Motive Studios is a Canadian video game development studio owned and operated by Electronic Arts . Founded in July 2015 by Jade Raymond , a former Ubisoft executive and Assassin 's Creed producer , Motive Studios was created to specialize in action-adventure games as well as incubate new intellectual properties . Their first announced project is to work with Redwood Shores-based Visceral Games on an upcoming '' Star Wars video game . Motive Studios focuses in making action-adventure games and helping Electronic Arts to build up new intellectual properties . Electronic Arts announced in January 2017 that they have hired Kim Swift as design director within Motive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab8e6ee903f07470501288f7c010241f", "text": "Fool Me Once (The Vampire Diaries) `` Fool Me Once '' is the 14th episode of the first season of The CW television series , The Vampire Diaries and the 14th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on February 11 , 2010 . The episode was written by Brett Conrad and directed by Marcos Siega .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268bd016155596360f01ca2eab67d9a1", "text": "Obsidian Fate Obsidian Fate is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8b21eec585289fceef9b31c6e8c4bb7", "text": "Ian Somerhalder Ian Joseph Somerhalder ( born December 8 , 1978 ) is an American actor , model and director . He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in The CW 's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0864f6f01f1d8ae2b7e7e8c17b53ec", "text": "Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault . The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4c45fc229369ac7b6e6b0adff7d579f", "text": "Over the Edge (game) Over the Edge is a surreal role-playing game of secrets and conspiracies , taking place on the mysterious Island of Al Amarja . It was created by Jonathan Tweet with Robin Laws , and published by Atlas Games . Over The Edge departed from the model of predefined character attributes and skills , in favour of player-chosen traits ; and was among the first to be based on the dice pool , where the number of dice rolled , rather than how they are interpreted , is determined by the characters ' abilities . Both Over the Edge and Vampire : The Masquerade were based upon a project between Jonathan Tweet and Mark Rein · Hagen which followed their development of Ars Magica for Lion Rampant . They share the concept of a dice pool , which they presumably inherit from that initial design . This game mechanic had previously been seen in West End Games ' Ghostbusters and Star Wars roleplaying games . While Vampire has achieved far more popularity , Over the Edge has distinguished itself with critical acclaim and has been acknowledged as a major source for the indie role-playing game movement . Over the Edge was also the basis of the On the Edge collectible card game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72f117be3c92668fac75e57fe860aeb9", "text": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2002 video game) Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 2002 Xbox video game addition to the Buffy the Vampire Slayer franchise . It is the second video game of the franchise to be released , though the earliest in terms of setting and the first for a console . The novella and dialogue of the game were written by Christopher Golden and Thomas Sniegoski , with additional dialogue provided by Richard Hare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "985e91428d67f1c1d295480f8cb5c0b9", "text": "Vampire Hunter D: American Wasteland Vampire Hunter D : American Wasteland is a comic book mini-series based on the popular Vampire Hunter D franchise , set to be published by Devil 's Due Publishing . The series was announced in July 2008 , but was confirmed to be cancelled at the 2009 Long Beach Comic Con , as a result of creative differences between Devil 's Due and the license holders . The story would have followed the typical Vampire Hunter D set-up and remained true to the mythos , but with a `` noticeably North American feel . '' It was to be written by Jimmy Palmiotti .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dcbb1f86d74800b0cefe4c07ae05f612", "text": "Doc Holliday John Henry `` Doc '' Holliday ( August 14 , 1851 -- November 8 , 1887 ) was an American gambler , gunfighter , and dentist , and a good friend of Wyatt Earp . He is most well known for his role as a temporary deputy marshal in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . At age 21 Holliday earned a degree in dentistry from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery . He set up practice in Atlanta , Georgia , but he was soon diagnosed with tuberculosis , the same disease that had claimed his mother when he was 15 , having acquired it while tending to her needs while she was still in the contagious phase of the illness . Hoping the climate in the American Southwest would ease his symptoms , he moved to that region and became a gambler , a reputable profession in Arizona in that day . Over the next few years , he reportedly had several confrontations . While in Texas , he saved Wyatt Earp 's life and they became friends . In 1880 , he joined Earp in Las Vegas , New Mexico and then rode with him to Prescott , Arizona , and then Tombstone . In Tombstone , local outlaw cowboys repeatedly threatened him and spread rumors that he had robbed a stage . On October 26 , 1881 , Holliday was deputized by Tombstone city marshal Virgil Earp . The lawmen attempted to disarm five cowboys , which resulted in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . Following the Tombstone shootout , Virgil Earp was maimed by hidden assailants and Morgan Earp was murdered . Unable to obtain justice in the courts , Wyatt Earp took matters into his own hands . As the recently appointed deputy U.S. marshal , Earp formally deputized Holliday , among others . As a federal posse , they pursued the outlaw cowboys they believed were responsible . They found Frank Stilwell lying in wait as Virgil boarded a train for California and killed him . The local sheriff issued a warrant for the arrest of five members of the posse , including Holliday . The federal posse killed three others during late March and early April , 1882 , before they rode to the New Mexico Territory . Wyatt Earp learned of an extradition request for Holliday and arranged for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin to deny Holliday 's extradition . Holliday spent the few remaining years of his life in Colorado , and died of tuberculosis in his bed at the Glenwood Springs Hotel at age 36 . Holliday 's colorful life and character have been depicted in many books and portrayed by well-known actors in numerous movies and television series . Since his death , researchers have concluded that , contrary to popular myth-making , Holliday killed only one or two men .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "15e097e7a3ad43e94cb7013270d64d0a", "text": "High Desert (Oregon) The Oregon high desert is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon , located east of the Cascade Range and south of the Blue Mountains , in the central and eastern parts of the state . Divided into a southern region and a northern region , the desert covers most of five Oregon counties and averages 4000 ft above sea level . The southwest region is part of the Great Basin and the southeast is the lower Owyhee River watershed . The northern region is part of the Columbia Plateau , where somewhat more rainfall allows the largest industry on private land to be the cultivation of alfalfa and hay . Public land within the region is owned primarily by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) , which manages more than 30000 mi2 , including five rivers designated as Wild and Scenic . While the high desert is somewhat dry , it is only arid relative to Western Oregon . The region averages 15 in of annual rainfall ; the Alvord Desert , however , gets only 7 in of rain each year . Contrary to its name , most of the high desert is not dry enough to truly qualify as desert , and biologically , most of the region is classified as scrubland or steppe . At 9733 ft above sea level , the summit of Steens Mountain is the highest point in the high desert . The broad fault-block mountain is characteristic of the basin and range plate tectonics of the high desert . About 16 million years ago , during the early Miocene epoch , lava flows from volcanic eruptions covered about half the surface area of Oregon . The Earth 's crust then began stretching , giving way to further volcanic activity from 15 million to 2 million years ago . Several ice ages over this time formed the large lakes in the high desert . The climate of the high desert provides habitat for mammals such as pronghorn , coyote , mule deer , black-tailed jackrabbit , and cougar . Birds common in the region include sage grouse , California quail , and prairie falcon . The western juniper is the most common tree in the region , and big sagebrush and common woolly sunflower are the region 's most widespread plants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e813d55a5b6c2a58aed0bcfe852538", "text": "Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2acfe058dafd9eae320d6806cb34dad8", "text": "Vance T. Holliday Vance T. Holliday ( born 1950 ) currently serves as a professor in the School of Anthropology and the department of Geosciences as well as an adjunct professor in the department of Geography at the University of Arizona in Tucson . His professional research interests include geoarchaeology , Paleoindian archaeology , soil-geomorphology as well as Quaternary landscape evolution and paleoenvironment with a current emphasis on the southwestern United States and northwest Mexico . Prior research areas have included the Great Plains as well as Paleolithic sites in southwestern Russia . Holliday currently serves as the Executive Director of the Argonaut Archaeological Research Fund ( AARF ) based in the School of Anthropology at the University of Arizona . His most recent research , outlined in a 2011 Journal of Field Archaeology article , has focused on understanding the Paleoindian occupation around large paleo-lakes in the Southern landscape at the end of the Pleistocene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8034c786fe983c998f1b900ac001f50", "text": "Fort Whipple, Arizona Fort Whipple was a U.S. Army post which served as Arizona Territory 's capital prior to the founding of Prescott , Arizona . It was named after Amiel Weeks Whipple , a Civil War Union General . The post was founded by Edward Banker Willis in December 1863 in Del Rio Springs , but was moved in May 1864 to a miner 's tent settlement called Granite City ( also Granite Dells , Gimletville ) , which was on higher ground , had better access to lumber , and the military could better protect miners . The capital was placed 2 miles south in the new city of Prescott founded in 1864 . By 1895 the place was dilapidated , and in 1897 scheduled for deactivation , but in 1898 the US declared war on Spain , and 200 troops were recruited and sent east to the Spanish-American War . The Fort was inactive until 1905 when new building were constructed and 4 companies ( about 500 soldiers ) moved in , which were not needed after Arizona became a state in 1912 , and the place was deserted except for a maintenance crew . In 1918 during World War I , the Army reactivated Fort Whipple as a hospital for respiratory illnesses , many with tuberculosis ( TB ) and soldiers injured by nerve gas . It had 22 buildings and 900 sick beds . The property was transferred to the US Public Health Service , and in 1931 to the Veterans Administration , renamed Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Prescott . In 2004 it was renamed the Bob Stump Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , after Congressman Stump , Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee . Along with being a hospital , the fort still has buildings on the hills nearby , which once served as the officers quarters . Now , the buildings are homes to nurses and doctors of the hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a0e7228347be6220b965a9c8d8bfd19", "text": "The Old Chisholm Trail `` The Old Chisholm Trail '' is a cowboy song first published in 1910 by John Lomax in his book Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads . The song dates back to the 1870s , when it was among the most popular songs sung by cowboys during that era . Based on an English lyrical song that dates back to 1640 , `` The Old Chisholm Trail '' was modified by the cowboy idiom . It has been recorded by the world 's most popular Western singers , including Harry McClintock , Gene Autry , Roy Rogers , Bing Crosby , Randy Travis , and Michael Martin Murphey . Yodeling Slim Clark recorded a yodeling version in 1957 for his album Cowboy Songs . The song was partially covered in the now-defunct Disneyland attraction `` America Sings '' . Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time . In 2001 , author Rosalyn Shanzer wrote a children 's book based on the song . It follows the adventures of some cowboys and their cattle as they travel the Old Chisholm Trail from Texas to Kansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91cd96b470cd0b7bfdb5f4e32d6df391", "text": "Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains . Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions , more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin . One of six states on the Frontier Strip , it is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states . Usually considered part of the South Central United States , Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri , on the north by Kansas , on the northwest by Colorado , on the far west by New Mexico , and on the south and near-west by Texas . The state has four primary mountain ranges : the Arbuckle Mountains , the Wichita Mountains , the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains . Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region , the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians . A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma , and in the state 's southeastern corner , Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world 's tallest hill ; at 1,999 feet ( 609 m ) , it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot . More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma 's waterways , and with 200 lakes created by dams , it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation . Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi , with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water , making it the 20th-largest state in the United States . Generally , it is divided into seven geographical regions : Green Country , or Northeast Oklahoma , Southeastern Oklahoma , Central Oklahoma , South Central Oklahoma , Southwest Oklahoma , Northwest Oklahoma , and the Oklahoma Panhandle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873d79aec68233754a28b81675c70efb", "text": "Fort Elliott Fort Elliott was a United States Army post in the Texas Panhandle , operational between 1875 and 1890 and named for Major Joel H. Elliott , a casualty of the Battle of Washita River in 1868 . The decision to establish Fort Elliott in what was to become Wheeler County , Texas , was made in December 1874 by Colonel Nelson A. Miles as an advance supply post during the campaign to clear the Texas Panhandle of American Indians after the Second Battle of Adobe Walls in 1874 . Major James Biddle established a temporary post on 3 February 1875 with four troops of the 6th US Cavalry and four companies of the 5th Infantry and the permanent location of the fort on 5 June 1875 , twenty-seven miles west of Indian Territory near the headwaters of Sweetwater Creek . African-American troops , familiarly called `` Buffalo soldiers , '' served in this area . In subsequent years , the fort was garrisoned to protect the borders of the Panhandle with Indian Territory , and the cattle drives from Texas to Kansas . The town of Mobeetie in Wheeler County , where Timothy Dwight Hobart and Temple Lea Houston were early settlers , grew beside it . Among the troops serving there were Lieutenant Henry O. Flipper , the first black graduate of West Point Military Academy , Captain Emerson H. Liscum and Lieutenant Frederick Dent Grant . Fort Elliott had a dual purpose : ( 1 ) It quieted the Indians on the reservation while the slaughter of the bison continued , ( 2 ) It encouraged Anglo-Americans to settle beyond the 100th meridian . As soon as the fort was established , the cattle industry expanded throughout northwest Texas . Ranches were established on the open range between 1876 , with the JA Ranch , and 1886 , with the fencing of the XIT Ranch . Fort Elliott was situated on a high elevation of Sweetwater Creek , with the front of the shoe facing the southwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad10c29148fc1fe1b1635dfb136e1786", "text": "Timeline of Arizona The following is a timeline of the history of the area which today comprises the U.S. state of Arizona . Situated in the desert southwest , for millennia the area was home to a series of Pre-Columbian peoples . By 1 AD , the dominant groups in the area were the Hohokam , the Mogollon , and the Ancestral Puebloans ( also known as the Anasazi ) . The Hohokam dominated the center of the area which is now Arizona , the Mogollon the southeast , and the Puebloans the north and northeast . As these cultures disappeared between 1000 -- 1400 AD , other Indian groups settled in Arizona . These tribes included the Navajo , Apache , Southern Paiute , Hopi , Yavapai , Akimel O'odham , and the Tohono O'odham . The first European presence in the state were the Spanish . In 1539 Marcos de Niza explored the area , followed by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado the following year . Spanish missionaries began to settle in the southern portion of the state , near present-day Tucson , around 1700 , but did not move further north . With the construction of the Presidio San Augustin del Tucson , on August 20 , 1775 , Tucson became the first European city in what would become Arizona . In 1822 , Arizona became part of the state of Sonora , Mexico , but most of current Arizona was transferred to the United States as a result of the Mexican -- American War , with the rest transferring with the completion of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 . During the American Civil War , both sides laid claim to Arizona , although the North and South split the New Mexico/Arizona area differently : the South split the territory into north and south divisions , creating Confederate Arizona , while the northern section remained part of the United States as the New Mexico Territory ; while the North in 1863 , after driving Confederate forces from the Tucson area , created the Arizona Territory from the New Mexico Territory by splitting off the western section . Prescott became the territory 's first capital , which would transfer to Tucson in 1867 , then back to Prescott in 1877 , before settling finally in Phoenix in 1889 . Arizona achieved statehood in 1912 , becoming the 48th state , with Phoenix remaining the capital of the new state . In the 1900s , the state , particularly the Phoenix Metropolitan area , has seen tremendous population growth . Phoenix currently ranks as the 6th most populous city in the nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffaef0f4aef3a49c5dca6ae03545e1f3", "text": "Hot Springs National Park Hot Springs National Park is a United States National Park in central Garland County , Arkansas , adjacent to the city of Hot Springs , the county seat . Hot Springs Reservation was initially created by an act of the United States Congress on April 20 , 1832 to be preserved for future recreation . Established before the concept of a national park existed , it was the first time that a piece of land had been set aside by the federal government to preserve its use as an area for recreation . The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess medicinal properties , and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes . Following federal protection in 1832 , the city developed into a successful spa town . Incorporated January 10 , 1851 , the city has been home to Major League Baseball spring training , illegal gambling , speakeasies and gangsters such as Al Capone , horse racing at Oaklawn Park , the Army and Navy Hospital , and 42nd President Bill Clinton . The area was made a national park on March 4 , 1921 . It is the smallest national park by area in the United States and could fit into the largest National Park in the United States , Wrangell-St . Elias National Park , almost 2,400 times . Since Hot Springs National Park is the oldest park maintained by the National Park Service , it was the first to receive its own US quarter in April 2010 as part of the America the Beautiful Quarters coin series . The hot springs flow from the western slope of Hot Springs Mountain , part of the Ouachita Mountain range . In the park , the hot springs have not been preserved in their unaltered state as natural surface phenomena . They have instead been managed to conserve the production of uncontaminated hot water for public use . The mountains within the park are also managed within this conservation philosophy in order to preserve the hydrological system that feeds the springs . Following 8,000 years of use by Indigenous peoples , European Americans discovered and appropriated the springs . They have used the hot spring water in therapeutic baths for more than 200 years to treat rheumatism and other ailments . While this was a reservation , the area developed into a well-known resort nicknamed The American Spa ; it attracted not only the wealthy but indigent health seekers from around the world . The park includes portions of downtown Hot Springs , making it one of the most accessible national parks . There are numerous hiking trails and camping areas . Bathing in spring water is available in approved facilities at extra cost . The entire Bathhouse Row area is designated as a National Historic Landmark District that contains the grandest collection of bathhouses of its kind in North America , including many outstanding examples of Gilded Age architecture . The row 's Fordyce Bathhouse serves as the park 's visitor center ; the Buckstaff and Quapaw are the only facilities in 2015 still operating as bathhouses . Other buildings of the row are being restored or are used for other purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "148c2f4c9a6443b2d3a03417f9131d6d", "text": "Herb Ringer Herb Ringer ( July 15 , 1913 -- December 11 , 1998 ) was an amateur photographer who chronicled the rural and wilderness areas of the Western United States and Canada . Ringer was born in Brooklyn , New York . Not long after , the Ringer family moved to the Mt. Auburn section of Cincinnati . Ringer moved to Reno , Nevada in 1939 , and began his lifelong practice of traveling to explore the west , making journal entries about his travels while taking what are now estimated to be almost 10,000 photographs . Ringer from the start used 35 mm cameras but later bought a camera taking 120 film ; he was an early and consistent user of Kodachrome color film . When in 1989 Jim Stiles began publishing the Canyon Country Zephyr ( motto : `` Clinging Hopelessly to the Past Since 1989 '' ) in Moab , Utah , among the regular features were Ringer 's photos and his recollections of the west in the earlier twentieth century . Although Ringer died on December 11 , 1998 , his photos and memories continue to be a regular feature of the Zephyr and its website . A section of the documentary Brave New West from High Plains Films includes footage of Ringer shot in the late 80s and early 90s . In the film , Stiles sums up the uniqueness of Ringer 's photography : `` While a tourist might take a picture of Grand Arch , Herb would take a photo of the tourist taking the photo of Grand Arch . He was a true archivist of the changing West . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c109770c30932c7c5513212a645eb22", "text": "Buffalo Bill Center of the West The Buffalo Bill Center of the West , formerly known as the Buffalo Bill Historical Center , is a complex of five museums and a research library featuring art and artifacts of the American West located in Cody , Wyoming . The five museums include the Buffalo Bill Museum , the Plains Indians Museum , the Whitney Western Art Museum , the Draper Natural History Museum , and the Cody Firearms Museum . Founded in 1917 to preserve the legacy and vision of Col. William F. `` Buffalo Bill '' Cody , the Buffalo Bill Center of the West is the oldest and most comprehensive museum complex of the West . It has been described by The New York Times as `` among the nation 's most remarkable museums . '' , , hi", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f3ff8e06e210283070c1a0e280c0d57", "text": "Champ d'Asile Champ d'Asile ( `` Field of Asylum '' ) was a short-lived settlement founded in Texas in January 1818 by 20 French Bonapartist veterans of the Napoleonic Wars from the Vine and Olive Colony . The party was led by General Charles Lallemand . Land was offered to French settlers on March 3 , 1817 , after a vote by the United States Congress . Champ d'Asile was situated along the Trinity River and was abandoned in July of the same year . Lallemand , a Bonapartist General , was accompanied by his brother , Baron Charles François Antoine Lallemand . The colony was to bring some military men for protection , and concentrate on agricultural work , cultivating grapes and olives . 100 officers joined Lallemand , and around a quarter to a third of these were foreigners of the Grande Armée ; the rest were French . Lallemand financed the project through land speculation . On December 17 , 1817 150 of the would-be-settlers sailed from Philadelphia for Galveston , Texas , where they arrived on January 14 . Lallemand and the other colonists convened in New Orleans , and on March 10 left for Galveston with 120 volunteers . They sailed up the Trinity River to Atascosito where they built two small forts . Mexican governor Antonio María Martínez , having heard about this expedition , sent his own troops to San Marcos , wary of an attack . The colony was abandoned shortly afterwards . Some of the colonists , including pirate Jean Laffite and other mercenaries , had caused concern to settlers of New Spain . The Champ d'Asile was founded at a time when disputes over territory were increasing , and the Adams -- Onís Treaty , which settled a border dispute between the United States and Spain , was signed in 1819 . Furthermore , the Bourbon Restoration in France made the existence of a Bonapartist colony doubtful , as the Spanish Bourbons held the Spanish crown . Despite Lallemand 's assurances , rumours had circulated about his motives , and there was little evidence of agricultural work on the site , while construction of a fortress and manufacturing munitions had begun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b68780e90a8c068957a998e86cfda55", "text": "Rio Grande National Forest Rio Grande National Forest is a 1.86 million-acre ( 7,530 km ² ) U.S. National Forest located in southwestern Colorado . The forest encompasses the San Luis Valley , which is the world 's largest agricultural alpine valley , as well as one of the world 's largest high deserts located around mountains . The Rio Grande river rises in the forest , and the Continental Divide runs along most of its western border . The forest lies in parts of nine counties . In descending order of land area within the forest they are Saguache , Mineral , Conejos , Rio Grande , Hinsdale , San Juan , Alamosa , Archuleta , and Custer counties . Forest headquarters are located in Monte Vista , Colorado . There are local ranger district offices in Del Norte , La Jara , and Saguache .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13de08cecd173636c67eeeac9833f4c2", "text": "Frank L. Houx Frank Lee Houx ( December 12 , 1854 -- April 3 , 1941 ) was an American politician , who served as the tenth Governor of Wyoming . Houx was born near Lexington , Missouri , the second of five children of George W. Houx and Fannie ( Price ) Houx . The elder Houx served in the Confederate States Army under General Sterling ( `` Old Pap '' ) Price , a distant cousin , and uncle of his wife . The future Governor grew up on his father 's farm . Houx married Augusta Camp in 1875 , and sired two daughters and a son . ( The birth year of Frank Houx is variously listed as 1854 , 1859 , and 1860 ; given his 1875 marriage , 1854 is accepted . ) He took up the study of law , reading in the office of John S. Blackwell , of Lexington , Missouri . Houx did not complete his course , however , turning his attention to commercial interests . He graduated from Shaw 's Business College in Kansas City , Missouri in 1884 . The next year , he moved to Montana and went into the cattle business . In 1895 , he took up residence in Cody , Wyoming , where he went into politics . On April 10 , 1898 , he was widowed . The next year , he remarried Ida Mason Christy , with whom he had one son and three daughters . For a time , Houx was associated with Colonel William F. Cody ( `` Buffalo Bill '' ) , in the construction of the Cody canal and other projects . In 1901 when the town of Cody was incorporated , he first sought office , becoming the town 's first Mayor . During his first term as Mayor , he also served as police judge from 1902 to 1903 . He was re-elected to a second mayoral term in 1905 . During the next four years , the town built a residence for him ; this two-story A-frame building still stands , and now serves as a bed and breakfast known as the `` Mayor 's Inn . '' In 1910 , he became the first Democrat to be elected Secretary of State of Wyoming , an office to which he was re-elected in 1914 . When Governor John B. Kendrick resigned his office on February 26 , 1917 after being elected to the United States Senate , Houx became Acting Governor , and he served until the expiration of Kendrick 's term , leaving office on January 6 , 1919 . During his service as governor during World War I , Houx mobilized the National Guard of Wyoming for federal service , appointed the Wyoming Council for National Defense , and nominated persons to administer the Selective Service draft . He was an advocate of prison reform and a proponent of Prohibition . He sought election as governor in his own right in 1918 , but was defeated by Republican candidate Robert D. Carey . Houx then went into the oil refining business in Texas , but returned to Cody in 1935 . He died in the famous Irma Hotel in Cody in 1941 at the age of 86 , and was interred in Cody Cemetery . The autobiography he wrote in 1939 was published in serial form by the Cody Enterprise ( newspaper ) in the months following his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56af532e799d9155fd5cfbfb64ceeb29", "text": "Las Vegas Springs The Las Vegas Springs or Big Springs is the site of a natural oasis , known traditionally as a cienega . For more than 15,000 years , springs broke through the desert floor , creating grassy meadows ( called las vegas by Mexican explorers ) . The bubbling springs were a source of water for Native Americans living here at least 5,000 years ago . Known as The Birthplace of Las Vegas it sustained travelers of the Old Spanish Trail and Mormons who came to settle the West . The springs ' source is the Las Vegas Aquifer . The springs are now a part of the Las Vegas Springs Preserve . Las Vegas Springs was once the site of three springs , running into two large pools of water . It is a site historically known for a gathering of pioneers and Native Americans and early settlers in the Las Vegas Valley . In 1905 , it provided water source to the budding town and railroad . Once pipe lines were laid and wells were drilled , the surface water receded , making it the way it is today . The site is currently undergoing rehabilitation to protect what remains architecturally and archaeologically . Now , it is 180 acres of historic land located just west of Downtown Las Vegas . It is open to the public and more information can be found here : http://www.springspreserve.org/", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16d7528c48cf5a33556d90bf95cd8831", "text": "Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation The Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation , formerly the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation ) , is a federally recognized tribe and Indian reservation in Maricopa County , Arizona about 23 mi northeast of Phoenix . The reservation was officially created on September 15 , 1903 by executive order , on a small parcel carved from the ancestral lands of the Yavapai people , encompassing 24680 acre . The acreage had been part of the Fort McDowell Military Reserve , which had been an important outpost during the Apache Wars . The original inhabitants of the reservation were members of the kwevikopaya , or Southeastern Yavapai , who lived in the nearby Mazatzal-Four Peak and Superstition Mountains area . In the 1970s , there was a proposal to build a dam at the confluence of the Verde and Salt Rivers . Due to the negative effects such a dam would have had on the reservation , the community voted not to sell the land for the dam to the federal government . What would have been called the `` Orme Dam '' was never built . The reservation celebrates this victory with a rodeo and pow wow each November . After the passage of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act , a casino was built on the reservation . In 1992 , agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation attempted to seize the gaming devices of the casino . This raid took place in conjunction with raids at four other Indian reservations throughout the country . While the raids at the other four reservations went unopposed , members of the Yavapai tribe organized a protest . Using cars , trucks , and large mobile earth moving equipment , they blocked the egress from the property , preventing the trucks from carting off the machines . An agreement was reached between the tribe and Governor Fife Symington allowing the casino to remain in operation . The outside communities of Fountain Hills and Rio Verde lie adjacent to the reservation . In addition to Rio Verde and Fountain Hills , the reservation 's economy is also closely tied to the nearby cities of Mesa , Scottsdale and Phoenix . Also in the area is the Salt River Indian Reservation of the Pima and Maricopa peoples . The tribe operates its own gas station , a large sand and gravel operation , a farm , and the Fort McDowell Casino . Other operations on the reservation include the Wekopa Resort and Conference Center , the Poco Diablo hotel , the Wekopa Golf Course , and Fort McDowell Adventures . The area now occupied by the reservation was the birthplace of the Native American activist , Carlos Montezuma , who founded the Society of American Indians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ec22712a35fe9fa82a51c5f7c32378b", "text": "Arizona Mountains forests The Arizona Mountains forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of the southwest United States with a rich variety of woodland habitats and wildlife .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0afd052768d8eec74ca0eb5f448a706d", "text": "South Alabama South Alabama is the various parts of southern Alabama . Although it is not a strictly defined geographic region , it generally includes all Alabama counties south of the Black Belt . However , residents of the largest population center , Mobile , often make the argument that the phrase refers only to the extreme southernmost parts of Alabama . In that view , South Alabama consists of just the two counties that border the Gulf of Mexico and Mobile Bay : Baldwin County and Mobile County . That area is characterized by extensive wetlands , but also by long , sandy beaches which are very conducive to tourism . Many deluxe golf courses have been developed in the area in recent decades . Because Mobile and Baldwin Counties tend to use `` South Alabama '' with such exclusivity , other parts of southern Alabama , particularly the Florida-border counties from Escambia County over to Houston County often humorously prefer to be called Lower Alabama if a regional name must be given . Traditionally the south central and southeastern parts of the state have less in common with the Mobile area than they have in common with southwest Georgia and the Black Belt region . Alternative names include South Central Alabama , Southeast Alabama , and the Wiregrass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dca0ca4b4baab6e1db3ee26b4e31057", "text": "Willow Creek, California Willow Creek ( formerly , China Flat ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Humboldt County , California , United States . The population was 1,710 at the 2010 census , down from 1,743 at the 2000 census . Residents of this small mountain town are commonly referred to as `` Willow Creekers . '' The town is located around 25 mi inland from county seat and harbor city Eureka , with the two places vastly differing in climate . Willow Creek sits along the Trinity River . Willow Creek is described as a `` rugged mountain community nestled in the heart of the Six Rivers National Forest . '' This area of California is located in the Trinity/Shasta/Cascade Region , near the Oregon border , and is easily reached via State Routes 96 ( the `` Bigfoot Scenic Byway '' ) and 299 . The town , which is at the intersection of those Routes , is the Bigfoot capital of the world , and holds an annual `` Bigfoot Daze '' festival in September in honor of the creature , followed by various festivities in a local park . The roadhead of the Bluff Creek / Fish Lake Road , near which many alleged Bigfoot sightings and footprint finds occurred , is about 46 miles northeast , along Route 96 . A non-commercial `` Willow Creek Bigfoot Landmarks : A Brief Touring Guide , plus BF Odds and Ends '' can be viewed online . The region is the location of the Willow Creek American Viticultural Area . Organic gardens and vineries abound and welcome travelers to try their wares . The upper Trinity River offers a classic Class III river rafting run with moderate rapids , followed by the Burnt Ranch Gorge , which is one of the toughest runs in the entire state . An Amazon reviewer of the 2013 found-footage horror film , Willow Creek , says , `` The endearing quirkiness of the town is captured very well in the iconography , the interviews ( particularly with Steven S. , the bookstore owner ) , and the food . '' The Wikipedia review says , `` The two stop off first in Willow Creek ... where various locals talk to Jim 's camera , warning them to keep out of the woods , singing ballads about Bigfoot , and generally enjoying their 15 minutes in the spotlight while Jim and Kelly have a blast ... '' Willow Creek was served for many decades by the weekly Klamity Kourier newspaper , which closed in 2006 and was quickly replaced by the Bigfoot Valley News also based in Willow Creek . The Bigfoot Valley News has since closed , but the regional newspaper , Two Rivers Tribune ( www.tworiverstribune.com ) , opened in 1994 and is still going strong . Its news coverage area is from Burnt Ranch all the way to Happy Camp , 97.5 miles ( by Routes 299 and 96 ) to the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10f495be2728c64f9f480cd526e52d08", "text": "Paraje Paraje , a Spanish term in use among English speakers in the southwestern United States , refers to a camping place along a long distance trail where travelers customarily stopped for the night . A paraje can be a town , a village or pueblo , a caravanserai , or simply a good location for stopping . Parajes typically are spaced 10 to 15 miles apart and feature abundant water and fodder for the travelers ' animals ( cattle , sheep , and horses ) . A route between two parajes , that is difficult but must be traversed in one day because there is no water along the way , is known as a jornada . In New Mexico , one notable paraje on El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro is El Rancho de las Golondrinas in La Cienega , New Mexico , located between the Rio Grande and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4dee673fe313625ea0ca59a12d041244", "text": "Berlin Berlin ( -LSB- bəɹˈlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bɛɐ̯ˈliːn -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its 16 constituent states . With a population of approximately 3.7 million , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 14171701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 -- 1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 -- 1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919 -- 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 -- 1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world . After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries , the city was divided ; East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany , while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave , surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 -- 1989 ) and East German territory . Following German reunification in 1990 , Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany . Berlin is a world city of culture , politics , media and science . Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector , encompassing a diverse range of creative industries , research facilities , media corporations and convention venues . Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network . The metropolis is a popular tourist destination . Significant industries also include IT , pharmaceuticals , biomedical engineering , clean tech , biotechnology , construction and electronics . Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities , orchestras , museums , entertainment venues and is host to many sporting events . Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions . The city is well known for its festivals , diverse architecture , nightlife , contemporary arts and a high quality of living . Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f76ee33906a929fb3c76b8a59f82e4a5", "text": "Districts of Prussia Prussian districts ( Kreise , literally `` circles '' ) were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia , part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 , and its successor state , the Free State of Prussia , similar to a county or a shire . They were established in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms from 1815 to 1818 at an intermediate level , between the higher provinces and the government districts ( Regierungsbezirke ) , and the lower municipal governments ( Gemeinden ) . Then part of a modern and highly effective public administration structure , they served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany In the aftermath of World War I , the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy ( Belgium ) were annexed by Belgium in 1925 , thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0626184be2b974cc436583127e3cbdb2", "text": "Tränenpalast The Tränenpalast ( `` Palace of Tears '' ) is the Berlin colloquialism for the former border crossing at Berlin Friedrichstraße station , where East Germans said goodbye to visitors going back to West Germany . From 1962 to 1989 it was the border crossing for travellers by S-bahn , U-bahn and train between East and West Germany . It was used only for westbound border crossings , with separate checkpoints for West Berliners , West Germans , foreigners , diplomats , transit travellers and East Germans . The term Tränenpalast derives from the tearful goodbyes that took place in front of the building , where western visitors had to say farewell to East Germans that were not permitted to travel to West Berlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "877bab9fa24f4d2b88503a5ec2f3c3d4", "text": "Berlin School of Economics and Law The Berlin School of Economics and Law ( BSEL , German : Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht , HWR ) is a leading German business school founded on 1 April 2009 through the merger of the Berlin School of Economics ( BSE ) and the FHVR Berlin . The BSEL portfolio provides a wide range of professional qualifications . BSEL is specialised in business and administration for the public and private sector , as well as public security , the law and engineering . The majority of programmes lead to a bachelor 's or master 's degree . Degrees have been quality controlled and are accredited by the German state . BSEL has an international approach with close working relationship with over 90 partner universities all over the world and has a very strict and selective admission policy . The school offers a 5-year dual degree with France 's ESCE Business School ( Paris ) , enabling selected bilingual students to have the `` Master in Management '' from ESCE and the Master of Arts from HWR Berlin . This program is supported by The Franco-German University ( FGU ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1400c6a9bd6077eeef276c8bcbba662", "text": "Hamm Hamm ( -LSB- ˈham -RSB- , Latin : Hammona ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area . As of December 2003 its population was 180,849 . The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway . Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72755751d1d6e318263c161d0ccddb5", "text": "Berlin-Bonn Act The Berlin/Bonn Act ( Berlin/Bonn-Gesetz ) regulated the move of the German Bundestag and parts of the government from Bonn to Berlin . It also regulated the move of certain Federal agencies and other federal facilities to Bonn . The act was a consequence of the Hauptstadtbeschluss ( Enactment regarding the capital ) of 20 June 1991 which made Berlin the seat of government . Berlin had already been the capital of the united Germany since the Unification Treaty of 3 October 1990 . The Berlin/Bonn Act was enacted on 26 April 1994 . The act 's full official title is Act for the implementation of the enactment of the German Bundestag of 20 June 1991 for the completion of the German unity ( Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages vom 20 . Juni 1991 zur Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands ) . The Berlin/Bonn act determined which federal ministries moved to the capital and gave the city certain commitments regarding the preservation of Bonn as a location of politics . In addition , it awarded the city the title of a Federal City . The act was implemented incrementally . The most important year was 1999 when the Bundestag moved to the Reichstag building in Berlin . At the same time , the Federal Court of Auditors and the Federal Cartel Office moved from Berlin and the Rhine-Main area to Bonn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e72563065e53a55cc2e9201cf2b6cd5a", "text": "Vienna Vienna ( -LSB- viˈɛnə -RSB- Wien , -LSB- viːn -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's primary city , with a population of about 1.8 million ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be `` The City of Dreams '' because it was home to the world 's first psycho-analyst -- Sigmund Freud . The city 's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city , and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre , from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century . The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles , including Baroque castles and gardens , and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings , monuments and parks . Vienna is known for its high quality of life . In a 2005 study of 127 world cities , the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first ( in a tie with Vancouver , Canada and San Francisco , USA ) for the world 's most liveable cities . Between 2011 and 2015 , Vienna was ranked second , behind Melbourne , Australia . For eight consecutive years ( 2009 -- 2016 ) , the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual `` Quality of Living '' survey of hundreds of cities around the world , a title the city still held in 2016 . Monocle 's 2015 `` Quality of Life Survey '' ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world `` to make a base within . '' The UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013 . The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008 , and sixth globally ( out of 256 cities ) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index , which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas : culture , infrastructure , and markets . Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners . Between 2005 and 2010 , Vienna was the world 's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions . It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bd4780ee8c873f9017f3a4a3c300032", "text": "Alt-Hohenschönhausen Alt-Hohenschönhausen ( Old Hohenschönhausen ) is a district ( Ortsteil ) in the borough ( Bezirk ) of Lichtenberg , Berlin . Known also as Hohenschönhausen it was , until 2001 , the main and the eponymous locality of the former Hohenschönhausen borough . In 2008 the population was in excess of 41,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f189928f0a881e37a4b730e9f12bde13", "text": "Hamburg Metropolitan Region The Metropolregion Hamburg ( German for Hamburg Metropolitan Region ) is the compilation of eight districts in the German federal state of Lower Saxony , six districts in Schleswig-Holstein , two districts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the city-state of Hamburg in northern Germany . It covers an area of ca 26,000 km2 , and is home to more than 5.1 million inhabitants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5b154eb8e245f0ec880b329257300e", "text": "Berlin Alexanderplatz Berlin Alexanderplatz ( -LSB- bɛɐˈliːn ˌalɛˈksandɐplats -RSB- ) is a 1929 novel by Alfred Döblin . It is considered one of the most important and innovative works of the Weimar Republic . In a 2002 poll of 100 noted writers the book was named among the top 100 books of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "699755b88d89daf5f0f5644546c32488", "text": "Wedding (Berlin) Wedding ( der Wedding -LSB- ˈvɛdɪŋ -RSB- ) is a locality in the borough of Mitte , Berlin , Germany and was a separate borough in the north-western inner city until it was fused with Tiergarten and Mitte in Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform . At the same time the eastern half of the former borough of Wedding -- on the other side of Reinickendorfer Straße -- was separated as the new locality of Gesundbrunnen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bae509b47e874f882a52c25a65747fc6", "text": "Berlin Marathon The Berlin Marathon ( branded BMW Berlin Marathon for sponsorship reasons ) is a major running and sporting event held annually in Berlin , Germany . The official marathon distance of 42.195 kilometers ( 26 miles 385 yards ) is set up as a citywide road race where professional athletes and amateur runners jointly participate . First initiated in 1974 , the event traditionally takes place on the last weekend in September . The Berlin marathon is one of the largest and most popular road races in the world . In 2016 , the race had 46,950 entrants ( 41,283 runners , 5,445 inline skaters , 185 hand bikers , 37 wheel-chairers ) from 122 countries , and more than one million spectators . Along with seven other races , it forms the World Marathon Majors , a series offering a $ 1 million prize purse to be split equally between the top male and female marathoners . The most marathon world records for men and women have been set at the Berlin course , which is known for its flat profile , even surface , cheering spectators , and its frequently mild autumn temperatures . For a record six consecutive years 2011-2016 Berlin has been the site of the world leading men 's time for the year ( Boston 2011 with strong tailwind excluded ) . The event is split over 2 days . About 8,000 additional inline skaters compete at the marathon course the Saturday before the running event . Power walkers , handbikers , wheelchair riders , and a children 's marathon ( 4.2195 km ) are also part of the marathon weekend , which is organised by SCC EVENTS and currently sponsored by BMW .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d5eac3d349e6320cbb211a9e0034fc2", "text": "Hans Refior Hans Refior was an officer in the German Army during World War II . Refior was on the staff of the last two German commanders of the `` Berlin Defense Area '' during the final assault by Soviet forces on the city of Berlin . On 18 March 1945 , Colonel Refior became the Chief of Staff for Lieutenant General ( Generalleutnant ) Helmuth Reymann during the Battle for Berlin . Reymann was named the commander of the Berlin Defense Area on 6 March . From the beginning , it was clear to Refior that Reymann 's predecessor , General Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild , had left them nothing . By early April , Refior and Reymann confirmed to themselves that Berlin had no chance of holding out with the forces at their disposal . They recommended to Joseph Goebbels , the Minister of Propaganda , that civilians be allowed to leave . Refior and Reyman indicated that this was especially important for the women and children . Goebbels ' feeble response made it clear to Refior and Reymann that he had never considered nor had he any idea of the logistics required for such a mass evacuation . To determine how many soldiers and weapons could be counted on , Refior and Reymann attempted to make an accounting of what was available to them in the `` Berlin Defense Area '' . They soon discovered that the title `` Berlin Defense Area '' carried no significance . `` Berlin Defense Area '' was just another phrase , like `` Fortress '' ( Festung ) , coined by German dictator Adolf Hitler . Attempts by Refior to coordinate the defences with the field commanders of the surrounding areas of Berlin were not successful . On 23 April , Hitler replaced Reymann with General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling as the commander of the Berlin Defense Area . Weidling kept Refior and made him his `` civil '' Chief-of-Staff . Early on the morning of 26 April , Refior was awoken from a brief sleep in Weidling 's headquarters , the Bendlerblock . What woke him was a rapid sequence of ranging artillery shells ( what the Soviets called `` framing '' ) . Refior noted that these were `` old frontline hares '' . He knew from experience that these were the `` greeting '' before a salvo of katyusha rockets . Weidling remained in command of Berlin 's defences to the end . On 2 May General Weidling , Theodor von Dufving , Weidling 's `` military '' Chief-of-Staff , and other members of Weidling 's staff which included Refior , ultimately surrendered the city to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab79274f7a8daba2a62ab299fa72dfe", "text": "Munich Munich ( -LSB- ˈmjuːnɪk -RSB- München , -LSB- ˈmʏnçn̩ -RSB- , Minga -LSB- -LSB- ˈmɪŋ ɐ -RSB- -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria , on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps . Munich is the third largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and the 12th biggest city of the European Union , with a population of around 1.5 million . The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 6 million people . The city is a major centre of art , advanced technologies , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism in Germany and Europe and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching # 1 in Germany and # 4 worldwide according to the 2015 Mercer survey . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning `` by the monks '' , which in turn is derived from Mönch ( which in the end derives from ancient Greek μοναχός ) . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 . From 1255 the city was seat of the Bavarian Dukes . Black and gold - the colours of the Holy Roman Empire - have been the city 's official colours since the time of Ludwig the Bavarian , when it was an imperial residence . Following a final reunification of the Wittelsbachian Duchy of Bavaria , previously divided and sub-divided for more than 200 years , the town became the country 's sole capital in 1506 . Catholic Munich was a cultural stronghold of the Counter-Reformation and a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years ' War , but remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes ; as the townsfolk would rather open the gates of their town than risk siege and almost inevitable destruction . Like wide parts of the Holy Roman Empire , the area recovered slowly economically . Having evolved from a duchy 's capital into that of an electorate ( 1623 ) , and later a sovereign kingdom ( 1806 ) , Munich has been a major European centre of arts , architecture , culture and science since the early 19th century , heavily sponsored by the Bavarian monarchs . In 1918 , during the German Revolution , the ruling house of Wittelsbach , which governed Bavaria since 1180 , was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-living socialist republic was declared . In the 1920s , Munich became home to several political factions , among them the NSDAP , which was founded in the city in 1920 . Though the first attempt of the Nazi movement to overtake the German government in 1923 with the Beer Hall Putsch , which was stopped by the Bavarian police in Munich with gunfire , the Nazis declared the city after their rise to power to be Hauptstadt der Bewegung ( lit. : `` Capital of the movement '' ) . During World War II , Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50 % of the entire city and up to 90 % of the historic centre were destroyed . The postwar period was characterised by American occupation until 1949 and a strong increase of population and economic power during the years of the Wirtschaftswunder ( lit. : economic miracle ) after 1949 . Unlike many other German cities which were heavily bombed and destroyed during World War II , Munich rebuilt most of its traditional cityscape and added a modern face to the city with the Olympic Stadium , while hosting the 1972 Summer Olympics . In addition the Allianz Arena was inaugurated in 2005 . The stadium is owned by FC Bayern Munich - the most successful German football club both in terms of domestic and international success . Especially since the 1980s , Munich and the entire surrounding region was characterised by a strong economic growth , the location of high-tech industries and scientific institutions , very low unemployment rates and a strong influx of people . The city is home to major corporations like BMW , Siemens , MAN , Linde , Allianz and MunichRE as well as many small and medium-sized companies . Munich is home to many national and international authorities , major universities , major museums and theatres . Its numerous architectural attractions , international sports events , exhibitions and conferences and its annual Oktoberfest attract considerable tourism . Munich is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Germany . It is a top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location , despite being the municipality with the highest density of population ( 4,500 inh . per km ² ) in Germany . Munich nowadays hosts more than 530,000 people of foreign background , making up 37.7 % of the entire population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cf4fc145b288a26ed4ea03bbad1be45", "text": "Zwickau Zwickau ( -LSB- ˈtsvɪkaʊ -RSB- ; Sorbian ( hist . ) : Šwikawa , Czech Cvikov , is a town in Saxony , Germany , it is the capital of the district of Zwickau . Zwickau is situated in a valley at the foot of the Erzgebirge mountains and is within the Saxon triangle , an area including Leipzig-Halle , Dresden and Chemnitz . The town has approximately 100,000 inhabitants , but has a regional catchment area of over 480,000 people . From 1834 until 1952 Zwickau was the seat of the government of the south-western region of Saxony . Zwickau , known as the city of automobiles , is the centre of the Saxon automotive industry , with a tradition over one hundred years old . Well known beyond Germany 's borders are car makers such as Horch , Audi , Auto Union ( silver arrows Type A , B , C , D ) , Trabant and Volkswagen . Since 2000 its history has been presented in the August-Horch Museum , inside the former Audi Works . The University of Applied Sciences Zwickau ( Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau ) trains automotive engineers . The valley of the 166 km long Zwickauer Mulde river stretches from the Vogtland to Colditz Castle at the other end . The Silver Road , Saxony 's longest tourist route , connects Dresden with Zwickau . The ADAC City Guide 2005 wrote : `` The town of Zwickau has transformed itself over the years from a traditional mining town into an elegant Art Nouveau town , which is well worth discovering . '' Zwickau can be reached by car via the nearby Autobahns A4 and A72 , the main railway station ( Zwickau Hauptbahnhof ) and is also reachable via a public airfield which takes light aircraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d0753156361dab3403fd5dcf24f99c5", "text": "Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center ( MIBC ) , also known as `` Moscow City '' , ( Московский международный деловой центр `` Москва-Сити '' , Moskovskiy mezhdunarodnıy delovoy tsentr `` Moskva-Citi '' ) is a commercial district in central Moscow , Russia . Located east of the Third Ring Road in the Presnensky District of Central Administrative Okrug , the Moscow City area is currently under development . Construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya embankment of the Moscow River , approximately 4 km west of Red Square , and just east of the Third Ring Road . The project occupies an area of 60 hectares , with the territory chosen being the only area in central Moscow that can accommodate such a project . The MIBC is expected to become the first zone in Russia to combine business activity , living space and entertainment in one single development . The Moscow government first conceived the project in 1992 . An estimated 250,000 -- 300,000 people will be working in , living in , or visiting the complex at any given time . MIBC includes 6 skyscrapers with maximum height of 300 meters or more ( Shanghai has 5 , Hong Kong has 6 , Chicago has 6 , New York has 8 ) . Europe 's tallest building , the Federation Tower , is in the MIBC . The complex also includes the second-tallest , third-tallest , fifth-tallest , sixth-tallest , and seventh-tallest buildings in Europe . By 2016 twelve of twenty-three planned facilities of MIBC were already built , seven buildings are in construction and four are in the design stage . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b0b9a8202d18983187f34a819d45b90", "text": "Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund Altes Stadthaus in Dortmund , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , is an office block which was built in 1899 , and was designed by `` master builder '' Friedrich Kullrich ( a German architect , urban planner and construction officer from Berlin ) . It was built in the Renaissance Revival architecture ( Neo-Renaissance ) style . After the office block was severely damaged in World War II , it was rebuilt in a simplified form . At the top of the gable is an eagle emblem , representing the city of Dortmund . The façades are made of Old or New Red Sandstone and the lateral parts have plastered surfaces . Kullrich said that the Stadthaus was in the shape of -LSB- Altes Rathaus , Dortmund , Altes Rathaus -RSB- . The Stadthaus is a short distance from -LSB- Alter Markt ( Dortmund ) , Alter Markt -RSB- , which houses the Rathaus on the south . The Rathaus was restored shortly after the Stadthaus was built , under the direction of the Commissioner of City Planning , for the City of Imperial visit to Dortmund in 1899 . A new hall was built in 2002 ( the Berswordt Hall ) , at Peace Square in Dortmund . Directly opposite of Peace Square is the -LSB- Rathaus ( Dortmund ) , Rathaus -RSB- ( town hall ) . The Berswordt Hall includes citizen services , a café and a shop , and was named after the Berswordt , one of the oldest families in Dortmund , who were first mentioned in 1249 . The Stadthaus is mainly used by the Dortmund city administration , and has been since it was built . The office block is listed on the Denkmalliste der Stadt Dortmund ( Monument list of Dortmund ) , which contains 1,015 monuments , many of them being listed buildings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44249ce9e3f271bde427a93ab2609115", "text": "Schwerbelastungskörper The Schwerbelastungskörper ( German : `` heavy load-bearing body '' ) ( a.k.a. Großbelastungskörper - GBK ) is a hefty concrete cylinder in Berlin , Germany located at the intersection of Dudenstraße , General-Pape-Straße , and Loewenhardtdamm in the northwestern part of the borough of Tempelhof . It was erected in 1941-1942 by Hitler 's chief architect Albert Speer to determine the feasibility of constructing large buildings on the area 's marshy , sandy ground , specifically a massive triumphal arch on a nearby plot . The arch , which would be in the style of the Nazi architectural movement , was to be about three times as large as the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and was one component of a plan to redesign the center of Berlin as an imposing , monumental capital reflecting the spirit of the Third Reich as envisioned by Hitler . Built by Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG in 1941 at a cost of 400,000 Reichsmark , the Schwerbelastungskörper consists of a foundation with a diameter of 11 m ( 36 ft ) that reaches 18.2 m ( 59 ft ) into the ground and contains rooms which once housed instruments to measure ground subsidence caused by the weight of the cylinder , which was estimated as equivalent to the load calculated for one pillar of the intended arch . On this foundation a cylinder 14 m ( 46 ft ) high and 21 m ( 69 ft ) in diameter weighing 12,650 tonnes was erected at street level . The entire construction puts a weight of 12.65 kg per cm ² on an area of 100 m ² . If it were to sink less than 6 cm ( 2.5 in ) the soil would be deemed sound enough for further construction without additional stabilization . The cylinder itself was to be subsequently buried under an artificial hill upon which the triumphal arch was to be erected , enabling a panoramic view down a new wide north-south axis to a huge assembly hall to be constructed near , and dwarfing , the Brandenburg Gate . Work on the new capital was soon discontinued because of World War II and measurements at the cylinder ceased in June 1944 . An analysis of the meticulous measurements only took place in 1948 , revealing that the cylinder had sunk some 19 cm ( ca. 7 inches ) after two and a half years . The arch as conceived by Speer could only have been built after considerable prior stabilization of the ground . Removal of the cylinder was considered after the war to create new building sites , but because of its mass as well as nearby train tracks and apartment buildings the structure could not be safely demolished with explosives . Measurements of the subsidence were resumed and continued until 1977 under the auspices of the Technical University of Berlin as part of a project to compile data about the city 's geologic foundation . Since 1995 the monumental cylinder has been protected as a historic monument . It is open to the public for viewing and guided tours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7afff9ce92958bbea067cfb42689658f", "text": "Operation Clausewitz Operation Clausewitz was the codeword initiation of the defence of Berlin plan by Nazi Germany during the final stage of the European conflict of World War II , the Battle of Berlin . Clausewitz was established in the 9 March 1945 document , Basic Order for the Preparations for the Defense of the Reich Capital ( Grundsätzlicher Befehl für die Vorbereitungen zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt ) , a 33 page document containing 24 separate points . The second point of the document , in full ( translated ) is : `` The Reich capital will be defended to the last man and to the last bullet . '' It has been referred to as the Nazis ' last stand against the Soviets . The document divided the city of Berlin into 9 operational defense zones ( A through H , as slices of the outer city of Berlin and Z , its center , corresponding to the government district ) . It further divided the region into four concentric rings : an outer exclusion zone , extending well past Berlin 's city limits ; an outer defense zone extending roughly to the city limits ; an inner defense zone extending out to the Berlin Ringbahn ; and the Citadel ( Zitadelle ) , again , zone Z . In addition to the establishment of defense zones , this document also described the overall mechanism by which Berlin would be converted to a front line city . This included : The evacuation of all Wehrmacht and SS offices in Berlin Evacuation of the central command post of the capital from General Command on Hohenzollerndamm to L-Tower of the Zoo bunker no more than six hours after the issuance of Clausewitz The imposition of martial law for the civilian populace , and offenses under which the death penalty was authorized Hitler ordered the execution of Fall Clausewitz on 20 April 1945 . This set into motion preparedness according to the Basic Order plan , and would have been followed later by the codeword Kolberg meaning full preparedness should be completed and the battle has started .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c5a7fa8e2d353c9fbe861dd65ee77c1", "text": "Neukölln Neukölln is the eighth borough of Berlin , located in the southeastern part of the city and was part of the former American sector under the Four-Power occupation of the city . It features many Gründerzeit buildings and is characterized by having one of the highest percentage of immigrants in Berlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9502c5a340ef95ee33408412c674055", "text": "Berlin Conference (disambiguation) The Berlin Conference may refer to : Congress of Berlin ( 1878 ) , concerning the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War and the political future of the Balkans Berlin Conference ( 1884 -- 85 ) , concerning the Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference ( 1945 ) , an older alternative name for the Potsdam Conference Berlin Conference ( 1954 ) , concerning the Cold War", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "66557d755256618a17b7624d7896c831", "text": "Hilary Swank Hilary Swank ( born July 30 , 1974 ) is an American actress and producer . She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 . Swank made her film debut in a minor role for Buffy the Vampire Slayer , before she made her breakout lead role in the fourth installment of the The Karate Kid franchise , The Next Karate Kid in 1994 . On television , she was cast as part of the main cast in the eighth season of the drama series Beverly Hills 90210 as single mother Carly Reynolds from 1997 to 1998 . Swank garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Brandon Teena in the 1999 biographical independent film Boys Do n't Cry , which earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She starred in Clint Eastwood 's 2004 sports drama film Million Dollar Baby as struggling-waitress-turned-boxer Maggie Fitzgerald , which won her a second Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Actress . She starred in other films , such as The Gift ( 2000 ) , Insomnia ( 2002 ) , Iron Jawed Angels ( 2004 ) , Red Dust ( 2004 ) The Reaping ( 2007 ) , P.S. I Love You ( 2007 ) , Freedom Writers ( 2007 ) and The Homesman ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cad057f160ab7b8a011c2d34324832ca", "text": "Diederick Santer Diederick Santer ( born 3 July 1969 ) is a British television producer and is best known for his work on the popular BBC television soap opera EastEnders , a post which he assumed on 23 October 2006 and left on 1 March 2010 . He is managing director of drama production company Lovely Day . He is the son of the retired Anglican Bishop Mark Santer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90da8d74d8f47288bebf343e4efe8a56", "text": "Every Woman Every Woman is a syndicated television series produced by Entertainment Studios and created by Byron Allen . The series has aired since 2000 . Heidi Klum made a guest appearance on the show in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73069b1a80051c58f731984f41f4a27e", "text": "Guy Eckstine Guy Eckstine is an A&R , artist manager , record producer , and new media executive who has produced and executive produced over 40 records . Four albums that Eckstine has produced or executive produced have won Grammy Awards , including The New Standard by Herbie Hancock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d91b6fd1f7d16d3a9e3af53f430258e", "text": "Stephanie Bennett (producer) Stephanie Bennett ( born Margaret Stephanie Bennett ) is an English film producer known for her works Hail ! Hail ! Rock 'n' Roll and Endless Harmony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9651e93af09cbe065b6788d9a06e4ab", "text": "Hilary Weeks Hilary Weeks ( née , Novakovich ; born March 7 , 1970 ) is an American Christian musician and Mormon singer , who primarily plays a worship and gospel music version of Christian country and Christian pop . She has released ten musical works , with eight of those being studio albums , He Hears Me ( 1996 ) , Lead Me Home ( 1998 ) and I Will Not Forget ( 2000 ) , Day of Praise ( 2004 ) , If I Only Had Today ( 2008 ) , Every Step ( 2011 ) , Say Love ( 2013 ) , Say Love ( 2013 ) , and , Love Your Life ( 2016 ) , while she released two holiday albums , Christmastime ( 2006 ) and Christmas Once Again ( 2009 ) . Her last four musical works charted on various Billboard magazine charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466a0a7e10cf9712d81bc2b61c26b27a", "text": "La Cenicienta (TV show) La Cenicienta is one of Telemundo 's highest rated telenovelas . It is Telemundo 's early entries in reality television . La Cenicienta ( Cinderella ) creator and executive producer is Nely Galán former President of Telemundo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6604bb2f72513c3dceaf220582f105c9", "text": "Copper Coast Wines Copper Coast Wines is a South Australian brewer founded in 2005 to supply beer for the biennial Kernewek Lowender Festival held in the Copper Coast region of South Australia . Copper Coast Wines have produced a beer named Swanky for every biennial Kernewek Lowender Festival since 2005 - thus continuing the tradition of brewing Swanky for this Cornish Festival since 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1614b28a135fccce0c65850c5755ec", "text": "Swan River Press Swan River Press is an Irish publishing company dedicated to Gothic , Supernatural and Fantastic literature . It was founded in Dublin in 2003 , by Brian J. Showers . It remains an independent small press book publisher . It has an emphasis on past and present by Irish and Ireland related contributions to the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49c9070f34f2c48d3a3b479bc7b311d0", "text": "Swanlights Swanlights is the fourth studio album by Antony and the Johnsons , released on 12 October 2010 worldwide through Secretly Canadian , and 11 October 2010 in the United Kingdom through Rough Trade . To accompany the album release , the band has produced a 144-page art book also titled Swanlights , which includes paintings , collages , photography and writing by Antony . The album was preceded by lead single/EP Thank You for Your Love , released on 30 August 2010 in the UK and 1 September in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa3a77a605eee30dc595e015bcb12e39", "text": "Gloria Film Gloria Film was a West German film production and distribution company . It was established in 1949 by Ilse Kubaschewski . An earlier , unconnected company of the same name had existed during the silent era in Germany . During the 1930s an Austrian production company also called itself Gloria . The company was set-up by Kubaschewski , a cinema-owner , who had noted that re-releases of Nazi-era films , particularly those made by UFA were easily outgrossing foreign film imports and post-war realist rubble films . Initially her company specialised in acquiring the rights to classic German films , but gradually she began co-funding new films with production companies . In 1953 she set up Divina Film , her own production company . Her initial films re-used many of the stars of Nazi-era cinema such as Zarah Leander , Marika Rokk and Kristina Söderbaum but newer stars such as Ruth Leuwerik , Maria Schell and Sonja Ziemann also appeared . Many of the company 's films were Heimatfilm and melodramas that were aimed at a primarily female audience . Kubaschewski felt she understood the tastes of the average German housewife , and during the 1950s and early 1960s her judgement proved to be astute . Later Gloria lost its prominence in the mid-1960s as audiences began to change , with the rise of new genres such as the series of Edgar Wallace thrillers and Karl May westerns that attracted a younger , male audience that other companies such as Rialto and Constantin catered for . The company experimented with sex comedies such as Angelique .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e89d75728eddee2bb88a971fb4c4e568", "text": "Little Britain Productions Little Britain Productions is a television production company founded in 2006 . Little Britain Productions mainly produces comedies and documentaries about comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9c8892dfe065bb937a2cf22b96eea5", "text": "Kristin Hahn Kristin Hahn ( born 1969 ) is an American film producer , writer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1693a170fc0b7f7cbce28180948ee8b", "text": "Margaret Fink Margaret Fink ( born Margaret Elliott on 3 March 1933 ) is an Australian film producer , noted for her important role in the revival of Australian cinema in the 1970s . She was educated at Sydney Girls High School , East Sydney Technical College , Sydney Teachers College and the Sydney Conservatorium . She worked as an art teacher at various high schools in Sydney from 1956 to 1961 . Her productions include The Removalists ( 1975 ) , My Brilliant Career ( 1979 ) , For Love Alone ( 1986 ) , Edens Lost ( 1988 ) ( for TV ) , and Candy ( 2006 ) . She was a member of the Sydney Push , a Sydney bohemian group of the 1950s and 1960s that boasted among its membership Lillian Roxon , Germaine Greer , Clive James , and Frank Moorhouse . While still known as Margaret Elliott , she published Harry Hooton 's last book , It Is Great To Be Alive . Her former husband , Leon Fink , is a prominent Sydney businessman and property developer . They married in 1961 and had three children together : Hannah , John and Ben . After their divorce in 1978 , they remained living in the same house for a number of years . She has also had relationships with Barry Humphries , Jim McNeil , Bill Harding and Richard Neville . Her daughter , Hannah Fink , is an arts writer . John Fink is a restaurateur and filmmaker . Ben Fink was a member of the band The Whitlams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83df1e9b1bfdbd634774877808b3c53a", "text": "Balaji Motion Pictures Balaji Motion Pictures is an Indian film production and distribution company established by Jeetendra . Based in Mumbai , it mainly produces and distributes Hindi films . Key people involved are Jeetendra wife Shobha Kapoor and daughter Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce631ba260becf29e5f3dd91ebe607ad", "text": "Seefood TV Seefood TV is a Norwegian production company for television and film . They produce for the Norwegian broadcasters TV2 , TVNorge og NRK and they also produce commercial film . The company was founded in 2001 by Kristian Ødegård og Espen Eckbo and their first production was the reality parody Santas In A Barn . The company has produced several award winning and critically acclaimed comedy series for television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b739d80faf0363473f0ffd0809b696f", "text": "Conviction (2010 film) Conviction is a 2010 legal drama film directed by Tony Goldwyn , written by Pamela Gray , and starring Hilary Swank and Sam Rockwell . The film premiered on September 11 , 2010 , at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the US on October 15 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056a75f1f12da89d4b78dcb88ea6202", "text": "Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller . Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film . Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "916039f15beac495117f662a8cd1382b", "text": "Nellee Hooper Nellee Hooper ( born 15 March 1963 ) is a British producer/remixer/composer known for his work with many major recording artists beginning in the late 1980s . He also debuted as a motion picture music composer with famed Scottish composer Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries for the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann 's Romeo + Juliet in 1996 . Hooper has produced six Grammy Award-winning albums for artists including Smashing Pumpkins , U2 ( best song and album ) , Soul II Soul , and Sinead O'Connor . He has also been awarded Q Magazine 's Best Producer award and twice been Music Week Producer of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4762de497af8b29f0a4d7dc0e228c391", "text": "Hilary Rosen Hilary Rosen ( b. 1958 ) is an American communications and political consultant and pundit , and former head of the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . She was a columnist for The Washington Post , became the first Washington editor-at-large and political director of The Huffington Post , and has provided political commentary for CNN , CNBC , and MSNBC . She worked for the RIAA for 16 years , including as chief executive officer from 1998 to 2003 . Since 2010 , she has been a partner and managing director at the public relations firm SKDKnickerbocker . She has been a registered lobbyist during her career , both at the RIAA and for the Human Rights Campaign ( HRC ) . Rosen has been an advocate for LGBT rights since the early 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4112ab5abbd530177c643586b2be36f9", "text": "Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' . The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "23cfa9d0b90259a2d343038c40907d1a", "text": "In Too Deep (1999 film) In Too Deep is a 1999 American crime thriller film directed by Michael Rymer from a screenplay written by Michael Henry Brown and Paul Aaron . The film stars Omar Epps , LL Cool J , Stanley Tucci with Pam Grier and Nia Long .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "395bccec9cbe64c8e1495acd27bdd573", "text": "How Deep Is Your Love (Dru Hill song) `` How Deep Is Your Love '' is an R&B single by group Dru Hill and features rapper Redman . It is the first single from the group 's second album , Enter the Dru . The song was released on September 22 , 1998 , the hit song spent three weeks at number-one on the US R&B chart , and peaked at number-three on the US Pop chart . The song was also used in the end credits and is featured on the soundtrack to the 1998 film Rush Hour . The music video directed by Brett Ratner was shot on top of Hopewell Centre in Wan Chai , Hong Kong and features clips from Rush Hour . Redman 's verse is cut from both the group 's album and the video version as he does not appear in the video.This song was also one of the hottest songs for club mix music that originated out of their hometown on Baltimore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4048f23b6c1a3386d9911f35df42b73c", "text": "Inside Straight (film) Inside Straight is a 1951 dramatic film . Though set in the Western United States in the late 19th century , it does not have the typical characteristics of a `` Western '' movie . It is about business people , involved in activities both honest and shady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4e0cb08c10a80959956f5369e52f", "text": "Lust Connection Lust Connection is a 2005 American thriller film directed by Jim Wynorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab02ef414ef3ea92e7416c92082ad1eb", "text": "Bringing Out the Dead Bringing Out the Dead is a 1999 American drama film directed by Martin Scorsese , written by Paul Schrader , based on the novel by Joe Connelly and starring Nicolas Cage , Patricia Arquette , John Goodman , Ving Rhames , and Tom Sizemore . Though a flop at the box office , the film received very positive reviews from critics and was also the last North American title to be released on LaserDisc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce15c69d19f32848a9c764998e758fa8", "text": "Siren (Millennium) '' ` Siren '' is the seventeenth episode of the second season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on March 20 , 1998 . Millennium concerns offender profiler Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) as he investigates crimes for the Millennium Group . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed Allen Coulter . `` Siren '' featured guest appearances by Vivian Wu , Tzi Ma and Kristen Cloke . When offender profiler Black investigates several deaths on a cargo ship , he encounters a mysterious woman who shows him visions of a life in which he had never joined the Millennium Group . Upon recovering , his experience leads him to doubt his role in the organisation . `` Siren '' was viewed by approximately 5.68 million households during its original broadcast . The episode received positive critical reviews , with one reviewer drawing comparisons with the film It 's a Wonderful Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fec32445b6ccc08f0f8fd5ea615cfee", "text": "Diving In Diving In is a 1990 American film directed by Strathford Hamilton and starring Matt Adler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ff1c9daeb15561589e38c2cf07266d", "text": "Façade (film) Façade ( also known as Death Valley ) is a 1999 thriller film starring Eric Roberts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fadf9a5913cbdc02b6e55264ad0c20c", "text": "Crime of the century Crime of the century may refer to : Crime of the century ( idiom ) , a popular idiom to describe sensational criminal cases Crime of the Century ( album ) , a 1974 album by Supertramp The Crime of the Century ( 1933 film ) , directed by William Beaudine Crime of the Century ( 1946 film ) , directed by Philip Ford Guyana : Crime of the Century , a 1979 exploitation film loosely based on the Jonestown massacre Crime of the Century ( 1996 film ) , a 1996 made-for-TV movie about the Lindbergh kidnapping The Crime of the Century ( TV series ) , 1956 British television drama Crime of the Century ( Doctor Who audio ) , 2011 audio drama `` The Crime of the Century '' , a song from the musical Ragtime Crime of the Century ( soccer ) , an incident in Major League Soccer Crime of the Century , a phrase referring to the Lindbergh kidnapping", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3eed8de70346eb591a5d87930aec40", "text": "Deep in the Wood Deep in the Wood ( In fondo al bosco -LSB- iɱ ˈfondo al ˈbosko -RSB- ) is a 2015 thriller-drama film written and directed by Stefano Lodovichi and starring Filippo Nigro and Camilla Filippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b469ec7e4389ba6e9274dcf8d990af36", "text": "Darkness Falls (1999 film) Darkness Falls is a 1999 drama film by John Howlett , very loosely adapted from N. J. Crisp 's psychological thriller Dangerous Obsession and directed by Gerry Lively . N. J. Crisp 's name does not appear on the films credits . The film was shot in late 1997 on the Isle of Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef01186d1ec179bb614221be5e430c52", "text": "Dunked in the Deep Dunked in the Deep is the 119th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1949 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges ( Moe Howard , Larry Fine and Shemp Howard ) . The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9ec6bfe057f06329659a35cf586bad", "text": "The Criminal (1999 film) The Criminal is a 1999 British thriller film directed by Julian Simpson and starring Steven Mackintosh , Eddie Izzard and Natasha Little . After meeting a beautiful woman in a bar , a man 's life is plunged into chaos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39dda2129219fd4d8a2ba92d42a819cd", "text": "Enough (film) Enough is a 2002 American thriller film directed by Michael Apted . The movie is based on the 1998 novel Black and Blue , by Anna Quindlen , which was a New York Times bestseller . It stars Jennifer Lopez as Slim , an abused wife who learns to fight back . Enough garnered generally negative reviews from film critics , although several aspects of the film including the actors ' performances were praised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76103f5f8f1517d5ca86c7c4027fb951", "text": "Scarfies Scarfies ( or Crime 101 in the US release ) is a low-budget 1999 New Zealand film set in the southern university city of Dunedin . The film 's original title comes from the local nickname for university students , scarfie , so called because of the traditional blue and gold scarves worn by students during the city 's cool winters in support of the Otago Rugby Football Union . Scarfies starts off as a light comedy centred on a group of five students who get together after moving into a flat that is seemingly abandoned , but still has the power on , making for free if filthy accommodation . The film twists into something darker part way through , with elements of both black comedy and thriller . The discovery of a large crop of marijuana being grown in the basement leads firstly to euphoria , then paranoia and arguments amongst the flatmates about what will happen when the real owners come back to collect it . When Kevin , the crop 's owner appears , the students , fearing for their lives , lock him in the basement . Events unfold against a backdrop of the city 's biggest sporting event for years , the final of New Zealand 's national rugby championship . Despite the deliberate use of shots focusing on the city 's dowdier and darker elements , much of the film 's photography and soundtrack is an homage to the city , including the use of several Dunedin Sound songs in the soundtrack ( top local band The Clean even make a cameo appearance during the film ) . The film was well-received , described as '' ... the most outlandishly entertaining New Zealand film for years ... '' , and did well at the box-office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cbdb82dc427c6db7c9a2db6dc9b015", "text": "Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42df87a2ab4dea3ed8727b017509b1ca", "text": "Skin Deep (1989 film) Skin Deep is a 1989 romantic comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards , and starring John Ritter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80308aed8833e18cfe4a9fe075b6de83", "text": "The Big Tease The Big Tease is a 1999 comedy film starring Craig Ferguson , directed by Kevin Allen , and written by Ferguson and Sacha Gervasi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602da3ec064923fa9f123b395e5b9c03", "text": "Tootsie Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman , with a supporting cast that includes Bill Murray , Jessica Lange , Teri Garr , Dabney Coleman , Charles Durning , Geena Davis ( in her acting debut ) , and Doris Belack . The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job . The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart , Barry Levinson ( uncredited ) , Elaine May ( uncredited ) and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart and Don McGuire . In 1998 , the Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry . The theme song to the film , `` It Might Be You , '' which was sung by singer-songwriter Stephen Bishop , whose music was composed by Dave Grusin , and whose lyrics were written by Alan and Marilyn Bergman , was a Top 40 hit in the U.S. , and also hit 1 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cd6f556002945c9c27aadd6122153977", "text": "Jeremy Allen White Jeremy Allen White ( born February 17 , 1991 ) is an American film and television actor . He is best known for playing Phillip `` Lip '' Gallagher on the acclaimed Showtime dramedy series Shameless . White has appeared in several films including Beautiful Ohio , The Speed of Life , Afterschool and Twelve , currently filming `` Shotgun ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "699506185d533f1f5e08fc3822c7cf54", "text": "The Thin White Line (Millennium) '' ` The Thin White Line '' is the fourteenth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on February 14 , 1997 . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong and directed by Thomas J. Wright . `` The Thin White Line '' featured guest appearances by Jeremy Roberts and Scott Heindl . When a spate of killings seems to echo that of a man currently incarcerated , Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) must confront the specter of his past and face a murderer who nearly took a younger Black 's life . `` The Thin White Line '' draws inspiration from real killers Herbert Mullin , Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris , and contains several references to Morgan and Wong 's previous series Space : Above and Beyond . The episode was viewed by approximately 6.6 million households in its initial broadcast and has received positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c32d5e7fd0630a3522383a86e8d0810", "text": "Alan Pultz Alan Pultz ( late 1930s - October 25 , 2001 ) was an American television director . Education : University of North Carolina Service : served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy He was hired by Gloria Monty for ABC Daytime 's General Hospital ( 1979-2000 ) , Dark Shadows , Return To Peyton Place , The Best of Everything , A Flame In The Wind , `` The Jimmy Dean Show '' and `` Who Do You Trust ? '' , Olympic Games coverage and American Football League games , and ABC 's Wide World of Sports . He died of cancer shortly after the 9/11 attacks . IMDB : Awards & Nominations : Pultz was nominated for 8 Daytime Emmy Awards ( his first nomination was shared with Marlene Laird/Marlene Laird and Phil Sogard ) and won 3 times . He won a Directors Guild of America Award in 1996 for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Serials - Daytime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce7c838cb887e974e3cd92e9b84c640", "text": "Allen R. Morris Allen Robert Morris is an American television producer/director/writer . His professional career began when he and his twin sister , as teenagers , provided the voices and operated puppets on a local children 's television show , `` Through Magic Doorways '' . This experience led to a job at a small market station in Lufkin , Texas , KTRE-Channel 9 , owned by the Buford brothers of Tyler , Texas . His varied experiences there included sweeping the studio and running a studio camera ; shooting and editing news film ; learning production techniques on local television commercials ; obtaining a 1st Class FCC Engineering license ; and finally , directing the nightly newscast . Still in his teens , this was the first step on a professional journey across the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb04d83980fe520ec1542db8b002f15a", "text": "Gary Halvorson Gary Halvorson is an American director of television shows , series and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75eb1ff6ce1f40eb3be1e1f73caad078", "text": "Gene Allen (art director) Eugene `` Gene '' Allen ( June 17 , 1918 -- October 7 , 2015 ) was an American art director . He followed his father and became a Los Angeles Police officer after he was laid off from his first job as a sketch artist . After serving in the United States Navy during World War II , Allen went to art school to pursue his career . He won an Academy Award in 1965 for Best Art Direction for My Fair Lady , and was nominated for A Star Is Born in 1955 and for Les Girls in 1958 . He served as President of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences from 1983 to 1985 and received a Special Achievement Award from the Art Directors Guild in 1997 . Allen died on October 7 , 2015 at the age of 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564dd2dbbf2b5c8bdf10b5ebcf47cd16", "text": "Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ac0faf631923ad56c880a904a513e2", "text": "White Raven (2015 film) White Raven is a 2015 Canadian survivalist horror film directed by Andrew Moxham . It had its world premiere November 29 , 2015 as part of Toronto ' 's Blood in the Snow Festival . Production company White Buffalo Films , is also behind the critically acclaimed horror-thriller She Who Must Burn . White Raven stars Steve Bradley and Aaron Brooks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c6bda5f232b3d5e10d42dd0aae2f8", "text": "David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adaa758b7538f3ded8e191e39a5fb9b6", "text": "Toby Ziegler Tobias Zachary `` Toby '' Ziegler is a fictional character in the television serial drama The West Wing , played by Richard Schiff . The role earned Schiff the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2000 . For most of the series ' duration he is White House Communications Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78236eeac5905cbfd480d3c5a9dab9c2", "text": "Danny Leiner Danny Leiner is a film director whose credits include The Great New Wonderful , Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle , Dude , Where 's My Car ? , Layin ' Low , and Time Expired . Leiner has also directed a wide range of television including Arrested Development , Everwood , Gilmore Girls , Freaks and Geeks , Sports Night , Felicity , Action , The Tick , MTV 's Austin Stories and HBO 's Mind of the Married Man , The Sopranos and How to Make It in America . He also directed an episode of The Office entitled `` WUPHF.com '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241f1ffd48a920a3bf7be44ecc656999", "text": "Susanna White Susanna White ( born 1960 ) is a British television and film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51cdb878d868b05f48039879bbe3974", "text": "Terry McDonough Terry McDonough is a British television director . He has been active since 1985 working as a grip and camera operator for much of the 1990s . He moved on to directing episodes of Peak Practice , Where the Heart Is , Sweet Medicine , The Royal , Wire in the Blood , The Street and Vincent . In 2008 , he began directing episodes of American television series namely Eleventh Hour , Breaking Bad , The Gates , No Ordinary Family , Tower Prep , Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior and the mystery miniseries Clue . In January 2013 he was announced as the director of the forthcoming BBC docudrama An Adventure in Space and Time , depicting the creation of the iconic British science-fiction series Doctor Who . In 2015 , he directed the pilot episode of `` The Expanse ( TV series ) '' , as well as the season finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dedfedd8b1375a2ae0ee22d8e4b674d", "text": "John Hanson (director) John Hanson is an American movie director and cinematographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d27089426ba0c878f15d94ad7be7d9", "text": "Mark Brooks (director) Mark Brooks is an American producer , director , writer and musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4043d693137230c51ee15a168a22b680", "text": "White spaces (radio) In telecommunications , white spaces refer to frequencies allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally . National and international bodies assign different frequencies for specific uses , and in most cases license the rights to broadcast over these frequencies . This frequency allocation process creates a bandplan , which for technical reasons assigns white space between used radio bands or channels to avoid interference . In this case , while the frequencies are unused , they have been specifically assigned for a purpose , such as a guard band . Most commonly however , these white spaces exist naturally between used channels , since assigning nearby transmissions to immediately adjacent channels will cause destructive interference to both . In addition to white space assigned for technical reasons , there is also unused radio spectrum which has either never been used , or is becoming free as a result of technical changes . In particular , the switchover to digital television frees up large areas between about 50 MHz and 700 MHz . This is because digital transmissions can be packed into adjacent channels , while analog ones can not . This means that the band can be `` compressed '' into fewer channels , while still allowing for more transmissions . In the United States , the abandoned television frequencies are primarily in the upper UHF `` 700-megahertz '' band , covering TV channels 52 to 69 ( 698 to 806 MHz ) . U.S. television and its white spaces will continue to exist in UHF frequencies , as well as VHF frequencies for which mobile users and white-space devices require larger antennas . In the rest of the world , the abandoned television channels are VHF , and the resulting large VHF white spaces are being reallocated for the worldwide ( except the U.S. ) digital radio standard DAB and DAB + , and DMB .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3361aacc95d36099f18a5c69a928ab1", "text": "Matthew Diamond Matthew Diamond ( born November 26 , 1951 ) is an American film and television director , producer and choreographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b47f8f7cfe5ac7d2da439d588cef1f8", "text": "Scott McKinsey Scott McKinsey is an award-winning American television director for soap opera General Hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9eac3884b8532b2e98654cfe377f46c", "text": "Starz Starz ( stylized as Starz ! from February 1994 to March 2005 , and STARZ since April 2016 , pronounced `` stars '' ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network which serves as Starz Inc. 's flagship service . Starz 's programming features theatrically released motion pictures and first-run original television series . The headquarters of Starz , and its sister networks Starz Encore and MoviePlex , are located at the Meridian International Business Center complex in Englewood , Colorado . Through March 31 , 2016 , STARZ 's programming was subscribed to approximately 24.0 million television households in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78b985491774fc9d5fcc77eb0c779cec", "text": "Rites of the Gods Rites of the Gods is an archaeological study of religious belief and ritual practices across prehistoric Britain from the Old Stone Age through to the Iron Age . Written by the prominent English archaeologist and megalithic specialist Aubrey Burl , it was first published in 1981 by J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. . Each chapter explores a different stage in British prehistory , beginning with the Old Stone Age , when the island was inhabited by hunter-gatherers who likely undertook rituals for use in `` hunting magic '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6b5202194403a60e0af783caa130d6", "text": "BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 . The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence . As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f88dd04a467a7d76c538f4cad638fa39", "text": "Yesterday (TV channel) Yesterday is one of the UKTV network of television channels in the United Kingdom and Ireland . It launched on 30 October 2002 as UK History and relaunched in its current format on 2 March 2009 . It is available on satellite through Sky and Freesat , in cable service primarily through Virgin Media , and through the digital terrestrial provider Freeview . Hours on Freeview had previously been cut , with transmissions finishing at 6:00 pm , but were restored on 1 June 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c898d35e9f37463c1d61e344acae8d0d", "text": "Universal Channel (UK and Ireland) The Universal Channel is a television channel owned by NBCUniversal . The channel mainly broadcasts United States imports including drama series and TV movies such as House MD and Law & Order . However the channel also screens British dramas including Hustle and Spooks , and Australian series like Sea Patrol and McLeod 's Daughters . The channel specialises in programming that is appropriate for the whole family . This channel is specific to audiences within the United Kingdom and Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da19bf198818eef3c22cddf97d48fd6", "text": "Live at Five (Sky News programme) Sky News at Five ( formerly Live at Five ) and Sky News at Six were the titles of Sky News ' authoritative hour-long evening news round-ups , beginning at 5pm and 6pm , British time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73565df74445e79dbabd7ccf67b7a42", "text": "This World (TV series) This World is a current affairs programme which produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom , first airing on 4 January 2004 . The programme also airs worldwide occasionally through BBC World News on digital services , satellite and cable in many countries . The series is mainly focused on social issues and current affairs stories around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69f2080bb68102cb64ed07f8ea192bec", "text": "List of BBC newsreaders and reporters BBC News employs many presenters and correspondents who appear across television , radio and contribute to BBC Online . BBC News provides television journalism to BBC One bulletins and the rolling news channels BBC World News and the BBC News Channel in the United Kingdom . In addition BBC News runs rolling news network BBC Radio 5 Live and the international BBC World Service . They also contribute to strands across BBC Radio 4 and bulletins on all radio networks . The BBC has over 200 correspondents based both in the United Kingdom and abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bec92ef171a33eb45f217c81fd573f", "text": "ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3297efa353dcda5c2b052cfe0d62cf23", "text": "The Story of God with Morgan Freeman The Story of God with Morgan Freeman is an American television documentary series that premiered on the National Geographic Channel on April 3 , 2016 . The six-part series features actor Morgan Freeman who explores various cultures and religions , and their take on religion-related topics , particularly about their belief in a God or a higher power . The second season began airing on January 16 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b681658c29d5a724a8544ac574915a78", "text": "Adam Boulton Thomas Adam Babbington Boulton ( born 15 February 1959 ) is the Editor-at-large of Sky News , and the current presenter of All Out Politics & Week In Review '' '' . He also the former political editor of Sky News . He is based at Sky News ' Westminster studios in Central London . He was previously the political editor of TV-am , an ITV early-morning broadcasting franchise holder . Boulton is also Sky News 's Editor at Large . He held the post of Sky 's Political Editor since being asked to establish its politics team for the launch of the channel in 1989 . He is the former presenter of Sky News ' Sunday Live with Adam Boulton , and presented a regular weekday news and political programme on Sky News , entitled Boulton and Co from 2011 to 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd6cdcfd449cd3755bf94bf266bd6d", "text": "Atlantis (TV series) Atlantis is a British fantasy-adventure television programme , inspired by Greek mythology ( including the legend of Atlantis ) and created by Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy with Howard Overman . It premiered on 28 September 2013 . Atlantis was the biggest new Saturday night drama series launch across all BBC channels since 2006 , even up on the launch of hit show Merlin . It also managed to draw 1 million viewers away from the highly popular ITV show The X Factor , which aired at the same time in the UK . On 26 October 2013 , BBC One ordered a second series of the show , which began airing on 15 November 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , it was announced that the series had been cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b27f037852dcfd92ab77f8833dab56e", "text": "Life (UK TV series) Life is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC in association with The Open University . It was first broadcast as part of the BBC 's Darwin Season on BBC One and BBC HD from October to December 2009 . The series takes a global view of the specialised strategies and extreme behaviour that living things have developed in order to survive ; what Charles Darwin termed `` the struggle for existence '' . Four years in the making , the series was shot entirely in high definition . Life premiered on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom consisting of ten 50-minute episodes . The opening programme gives a general introduction to the series , a second look at plants , and the remainder are dedicated to some of the major animal groups . They aim to show common features that have contributed to the success of each group , and to document intimate and dramatic moments in the lives of selected species chosen for their charisma or their extraordinary behaviour . A ten-minute making-of feature Life on Location aired at the end of each episode , taking the total running time to 60 minutes . Life is produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and The Open University . It is distributed under licence by the BBC in over 50 other countries , including by the Discovery Channel in the United States and Skai TV in Greece . The original script was written and narrated by David Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "914c21709e9907e0045d0f5c55bfe868", "text": "John Ryley John Hamilton Ryley ( born 21 December 1961 ) is a British television producer , and the Head of Sky News .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "894e978a2d52da50fff1e739965873e2", "text": "Shine TV (UK) Shine TV ( formerly Shine Limited ) is a British media production company and part of the Shine Group with offices in London and Manchester . Shine Limited was founded in March 2001 by Elisabeth Murdoch , daughter of News Corporation CEO Rupert Murdoch . The company was 80 % owned by Elisabeth Murdoch , 15 % by Lord Alli , and 5 % by BSkyB , which signed a deal guaranteeing to buy an agreed amount of Shine programming for two years . Shine TV is also a supplier of franchise television to broadcasters around the globe including the BBC , Channel Five , Channel 4 , HBO , and the RTL Group . In 2006 Shine acquired Kudos Film and Television , Princess Productions and Dragonfly Film and Television Productions to create the Shine Group , although they still operate as four separate entities . In October 2014 , 21st Century Fox and Apollo Global Management announced the planned merger of Shine Group with Endemol and Core Media Group . This was finalised in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19e91a16fb0fcbd21bc6d5fa7336ba02", "text": "Josh Chetwynd Joshua Stephen Chetwynd is a British-born American journalist , broadcaster , author and former baseball player .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f795039575b5f373b11ee0373f0f0d6b", "text": "Machu Picchu Machu Picchu ( -LSB- ˈmatʃu ˈpitʃu -RSB- ) ( Machu Pikchu -LSB- ˈmɑtʃu ˈpixtʃu -RSB- ) is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2430 m above sea level . It is located in the Cusco Region , Urubamba Province , Machupicchu District in Peru , above the Sacred Valley , which is 80 km northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows . Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti ( 1438 -- 1472 ) . Often mistakenly referred to as the `` Lost City of the Incas '' ( a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba ) , it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization . The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest . Although known locally , it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911 . Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style , with polished dry-stone walls . Its three primary structures are the Inti Watana , the Temple of the Sun , and the Room of the Three Windows . Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared . By 1976 , thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues . Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 . In 2007 , Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a97b1b2b46d17edd6ad8abd87dc05e9", "text": "Republikflucht `` Republikflucht '' ( `` desertion from the republic '' ) and `` Republikflüchtling ( e ) '' ( `` deserters from the republic '' ) were the terms used by authorities in the German Democratic Republic ( GDR -- East Germany ) to describe the process of and the person ( s ) leaving the GDR for a life in West Germany or any other Western ( non-Warsaw Pact ) country ( Eastern Bloc emigration and defection ) . The term applies both to the mass desertion of millions who could leave the GDR rather easily before the Berlin Wall was erected on 13 August 1961 , as well as those few thousands who made a dangerous attempt to cross over the Iron Curtain ( e.g. the Berlin Wall , the Inner German border , or the western border of another country of the Eastern Bloc ) , or who managed to obtain temporary exit visas and subsequently did not return , from 1961 to 1989 . Some estimates put the number of those who left the Soviet sector of Berlin , the Soviet occupation zone , and the GDR between 1945 and 1961 between 3 and 3.5 million . Close to one million of those who left were refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era initially stranded in the Soviet zone or East Berlin . The numbers leaving the GDR following the construction of the Wall dropped sharply to several hundred a year as an attempt to flee the GDR via its fortified borders involved considerable personal risk of injury or death ( see : List of deaths at the Berlin Wall ) . Several hundred Republikflüchtlinge were shot ; about 75,000 were caught and imprisoned . A propaganda booklet published by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED ) in 1955 for the use of party agitators outlined the seriousness of ` flight from the republic ' : Article 213 of the GDR Penal Code of 1979 also made it quite clear that crossing the border without first obtaining government authorization would not be taken lightly : The former East German party leader Erich Honecker was charged in 1993 for ordering soldiers to kill people trying to escape . The trial was postponed due to his bad health , and he died in 1994 . Former Stasi chief Erich Mielke was also put on trial for the same charge . In November 1994 , however , the presiding judge closed the proceedings , ruling that the defendant was not mentally fit to stand trial . Refugees from the Soviet sector of Berlin , the Soviet zone , or East Germany could apply to be accepted as Vertriebene ( expellees ) of the sub-group of Soviet Zone Refugees ( Sowjetzonenflüchtlinge ) under the Federal Expellee Law ( BVFG § 3 ) , and thus receive support from the West German government . They must have fled before 1 July 1990 in order to rescue themselves from an emergency created by the political conditions imposed by the regime there , especially a danger for one 's health , life , personal freedom , or freedom of conscience ( BVFG § 3 ) . The law did not apply for former supporters of the eastern political system of considerable influence , perpetrators against legality and humanity during the Nazi rule or afterwards within East Berlin or East Germany , and finally not for those who had fought against the democracy in West Germany or West Berlin ( BVFG § 3 ( 2 ) ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c96469ebeafb7d75b4fc9d3951deb485", "text": "Kalasasaya The Kalasasaya ( kala for stone ; saya or sayasta for standing up ) or Stopped Stones is a major archaeological structure that is part of Tiwanaku , an ancient archeological complex in the Andes of western Bolivia that is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Kalasasaya is a low platform mound with a large courtyard , which is surrounded by high stone walls . The Kalasasaya is about 120 by 130 meters in dimension and aligned to the cardinal directions . Like the other platform mounds within Tiwanaka , it has a central sunken court . This sunken court can be reached by a monumental staircase through an opening in its eastern wall . The walls are composed of sandstone pillars that alternated with sections of smaller blocks of Ashlar masonry and incorporates tenon heads of many different styles . This wall has been reconstructed in modern times . The Kalasasaya dates to at least 200 BCE - 200 CE . It is located to the north of the Akapana and west of the Semi-Subterranean Temple , other structures in the complex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03765c73f1a67818b1510d9a16d00ba0", "text": "Masonry heater A masonry heater ( or masonry stove , ceramic stove , tile stove ) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating , by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel ( usually wood ) , and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period . The technology has existed in different forms , from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods . Archeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings , to radiate into the living spaces . These early forms have evolved into modern systems . Evidence found from 5,000 B.C. of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources . Later evolutions came in the Roman hypocaust , Austrian/German ( kachelofen , baths ) using the smoke and exhaust of a single fire . In Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia , these kachelofens ( or steinofens ) evolved in many different forms and names : for example the Russian Stove/Fireplace ( -LSB- : ru : Русская печь , Русская печь -RSB- ) , the Finnish Stove ( in Finnish : pystyuuni or kaakeliuuni , `` tile oven '' ) and the Swedish Stove ( in Swedish : kakelugn , `` tile stove '' or `` contra-flow stove '' ) associated with Carl Johan Cronstedt . The Chinese developed the same principle into their Kang bed-stove . The masonry heater has gained renewed domestic popularity recently because of its heating efficiency . ASTM International calls a masonry heater `` a vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg ( 1760 lbs ) , excluding the chimney and masonry heater base . In particular , a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat exchange flue channels , enable a charge of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons , and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions , the external surface temperature of the masonry heater ( except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door ( s ) ) , does not exceed 110 ° C ( 230 ° F ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b0ba9beda09606b51cfc71cb903ece", "text": "Cerro Quiac Cerro Quiac ( -LSB- ˈsero kiˈak -RSB- ) ( K'iaq -LSB- -LSB- kˀiˈaq -RSB- -RSB- and K'iaqb ` al -LSB- -LSB- kˀiaqˈɓal -RSB- -RSB- in the K'iche language ) is a small Maya archaeological site located at an altitude of 2635 m , overlooking the Plains of Urbina in the Guatemalan Highlands . When investigated in 1970 it had five stone sculptures , by 1977 only four were left . The sculptures included figures and geometric decoration . The site is still used for contemporary Maya rituals . Cerro Quiac is located in the northeast of the municipality of Cantel , within the boundaries of the hamlet of Chirijquiac . Cerro Quiac contains two small groups of pre-Columbian architecture . An ethnohistoric document from the early Colonial period describes the site as a fortress founded by the Mam Maya , who were subsequently driven from the area by K'iche ' expansion . Cerro Quiac has been dated to the Early Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology ( approximately 900 -- 1200 AD ) . Local K'iche ' folklore holds that the archaeological site was a training ground for K'iche ' warriors , and that the K'iche ' hero Tecun Uman died upon the hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86686dee885f99fe25b2f258a5561895", "text": "Life zones of Peru When the Spanish arrived , they divided Peru ( very simplistically ) into three main regions : the coastal region ( 11.6 % of Peru ) , that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean ; the highlands ( 28.1 % of Peru ) , that is located on the Andean Heights , and the jungle , that is located on the Amazonian Jungle ( Climate of Peru ) . But Javier Pulgar Vidal ( es ) , a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time , proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions . In 1941 , he presented his thesis `` Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú '' at the III General Assembly of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History . These eight Peruvian regions are : Chala or Coast ( subtropical dry and tropical savanna ) Yungas Fluvial Yunga Loma-Vegetation Quechua Suni or Jalca Puna Janca Rupa - Rupa or Highland Jungle Omagua or Lowland Jungle", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c69a98d144a1ba8c880c96cd3b976e6e", "text": "Mexico City Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Ciudad de México , -LSB- sjuˈða ðe ˈmexiko -RSB- ; abbreviated as `` CDMX '' ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . As an `` alpha '' global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2240 m . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ) . The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1485 km2 . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the Greater Mexico City population is 21.2 million people , making it the second-largest metropolitan area of the western hemisphere , behind New York City , the tenth-largest agglomeration , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of US$ 411 billion in 2011 , making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8 % of Mexico 's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22 % of total national GDP . As a stand-alone country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America -- five times as large as Costa Rica 's and about the same size as Peru 's . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians ( Native Americans ) , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the federal district was created in 1824 . After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997 . Ever since , the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) has controlled both of them . In recent years , the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies , such as abortion on request , a limited form of euthanasia , no-fault divorce , and same-sex marriage . On January 29 , 2016 , it ceased to be called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , as the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788811beecb6c55ae48001eee5aa2184", "text": "Garrison (architecture) A garrison is an architectural style of house , typically two stories with the second story overhanging in the front . The traditional ornamentation is four carved drops ( pineapple , strawberry or acorn shape ) below the overhang . Garrisons usually have an exterior chimney at the end . Older versions have casement windows with small panes of glass , while later versions have double-hung windows . The second-story windows often are smaller than those on the first floor . Dormers often break through the cornice line . Historically the term garrison means 1 ) a group of soldiers ; 2 ) a defensive structure ; 3 ) the location of a group of soldiers is assigned such as garrison house or garrison town . `` The term garrison refers to the military or defensive character of a house '' but not as heavily built as a blockhouse . `` Garrisons , or fortified houses , were built in almost all New England towns and they were particularly common in the frontier towns of Maine and New Hampshire ... Like an ordinary house in plan and appearance , garrisons were used in times of peace as one-family dwellings , but were strongly built and capable of protecting a number of families in times of danger . '' Construction methods typically used log walls or thick planks with a timber frame construction called plank frame construction or simply a plank house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776b348c9d022a8800aca662f7ad4a95", "text": "Montubio Montubio are a mestizo people of the countryside of coastal Ecuador . The Montubio were recognized by the government in the spring of 2001 after protests that included protracted hunger strikes . The Council for the Development of the Montubio People of the Ecuadorian Coast and Subtropical Zones of the Littoral Region ( CODEPMOC ) was granted official status and government funding . The Montubio are known for their ranching activities , rodeos , machetes and distinctive attire ( including Panama hats , originally made in Montecristi-Manabí ) . In Ecuadorian literature , the Montubios have been written as `` a local stock coastal character '' by Alfredo Parez Diezcanceco and the `` Guayaquil Group '' : Demetrio Aguilera Malta , Enrique Gil Gilberto , and Joaquin Gallegos Lara . They have also been recorded by Jenny Estrada in El Montubio -- un forjador de identidad ( 1996 ) , Teodoro Crespo in El Montuvio : Centro de la Colonización ( 1959 , 2nd Edition ) , and by Jose de la Cuadra in El Montuvio Ecuatoriano ( 1937 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2d34da205098506390bd3945b0b9bc3", "text": "Brickfielder The Brickfielder is a hot and dry wind in the desert of Southern Australia that occurs in the summer season . It blows in the coastal regions of the south from the outback , where the sandy wastes , bare of vegetation in summer , are intensely heated by the sun . This hot wind blows strongly , often for several days at a time , defying all attempts to keep the dust down , and parching all vegetation . It is in one sense a healthy wind , as , being exceedingly dry and hot , it destroys many injurious germs . The northern brickfielder is almost invariably followed by a strong `` southerly buster , '' cloudy and cool from the ocean . The two winds are due to the same cause , viz . a cyclonic system over the Australian Bight . These systems frequently extend inland as a narrow V-shaped depression ( the apex northward ) , bringing the winds from the north on their eastern sides and from the south on their western . Hence as the narrow system passes eastward the wind suddenly changes from north to south , and the thermometer has been known to fall 15 F in twenty minutes . The brickfielder precedes the passage of a frontal zone of a low pressure system passing by , and causes severe dust storms that often last for days and led to its naming as the winds blow up red brick dust . A more frequently used term for the winds is a `` burster '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd1e1ef6cffae6ecead5a75844c9fef", "text": "Azulejo Azulejo ( -LSB- ɐzuˈleʒu -RSB- or -LSB- ɐzuˈlɐjʒu -RSB- , -LSB- aθuˈlexo -RSB- or -LSB- asuˈlexo -RSB- , from the Arabic al zellige زليج ) is a form of Spanish and Portuguese painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework . Azulejos are found on the interior and exterior of churches , palaces , ordinary houses , schools , and nowadays , restaurants , bars and even railways or subway stations . They were not only used as an ornamental art form , but also had a specific functional capacity like temperature control in homes . There is also a tradition of their production in former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in North America , South America , Goa , Africa ( Angola and Mozambique ) , and in the Philippines . They still constitute a major aspect of Portuguese architecture as they are applied on walls , floors and even ceilings . Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1cd53a126290f784d7089f902807e2e", "text": "United States Army Berlin U.S. Army Berlin ( USAB ) was a command of the United States Army created in December 1961 at the height of the Berlin Wall crisis . USAB was a combined command with the Headquarters , U.S. Command Berlin ( USCOB ) . This combined organization was sometimes called the `` Berlin Command '' . USCOB/USAB was a separate command from the U.S. Army Europe ( USAREUR ) which had previously been in command of American troops in West Berlin . The major general who commanded this organization held the title of `` Commandant ; U.S. Commander Berlin ; Commander , U.S. Army Berlin '' . A brigadier general served as the `` Commander , Berlin Brigade ( Infantry ) ; Deputy Commander , U.S. Army Berlin and Community Commander '' . The shoulder sleeve insignia adopted by USAB was the same as the patch used by the Berlin Brigade -- the USAREUR patch with a Berlin tab . By the mid-1960 's , the Berlin tab was incorporated into the patch . Its headquarters were located at the Clay Headquarters Compound on Clayallee in Berlin 's Zehlendorf district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28a89aa3f404f3ec8408669e50fb9fb", "text": "Muisca art This article describes the art produced by the Muisca . The Muisca established one of the four grand civilisations of the pre-Columbian Americas on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in present-day central Colombia . Their various forms of art have been described in detail and include pottery , textiles , body art , hieroglyphs and rock art . While their architecture was modest compared to the Inca , Aztec and Maya civilisations , the Muisca are best known for their skilled goldworking . The Museo del Oro in the Colombian capital Bogotá houses the biggest collection of golden objects in the world , from various Colombian cultures including the Muisca . The first art in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes goes back several millennia . Although this predates the Muisca civilisation , whose onset is commonly set at 800 AD , nevertheless , some of these styles persevered through the ages . During the preceramic era , the people of the highlands produced petrographs and petroglyphs representing their deities , the abundant flora and fauna of the area , abstract motives and anthropomorphic or anthropo-zoomorphic elements . The self-sufficient sedentary agricultural society developed into a culture based on ceramics and the extraction of salt in the Herrera Period , usually defined as 800 BC to 800 AD . During this time , the oldest existing form of constructed art was erected ; the archaeoastronomical site called El Infiernito ( `` The Little Hell '' ) by the catholic Spanish conquistadors . The Herrera Period also marked the widespread use of pottery and textiles and the start of what would become the main motive for the Spanish conquest ; the skilled fine goldworking . The golden age of Muisca metallurgy is represented in the Muisca raft , considered the masterpiece of this technology and depicts the initiation ritual of the new zipa of Bacatá , the southern part of the Muisca Confederation . This ceremony , performed by xeques ( priests ) and caciques wearing feathered golden crowns and accompanied by music and dance , took place on a raft in Lake Guatavita , in the northern part of the flat Bogotá savanna . Accounts of such ceremonies created the legend of El Dorado among the Spanish , leading them on a decade-long quest for this mythical place . The rich art elaborated by the Muisca has inspired modern artists and designers in their creativity . Muisca motives are represented as murals , in clothing and as objects found all over the former Muisca territories as well as in animated clips and video games . The art of the indigenous inhabitants of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense is well studied by many different researchers who published their work right from the beginning of colonial times . The conquistador who made first contact with the Muisca , Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada , wrote in his memoires about a skilled and well-organised civilisation of traders and farmers . Friar Pedro Simón described the relation between art and the religion and later contributions in the analysis of the various artforms have been made by Alexander von Humboldt , Joaquín Acosta and Liborio Zerda in the 19th century , Miguel Triana , Eliécer Silva Celis and Sylvia M. Broadbent in the 20th century and modern research is dominated by the work of Carl Henrik Langebaek Rueda , Javier Ocampo López and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6909a7c4837d05b0190ff8baf8c6523", "text": "Buzi (fortification) Buzi are a large number of small forts in southern Gansu province , China , usually round or oval and build out of rammed earth walls . The forts are built on hilltops around nearby villages . Most forts are located in Tianshui ( over 500 ) and Dingxi prefectures , totalling over 1400 forts . One of the densest concentration of forts is Tongwei County , which has the nickname `` thousand forts county '' . Qin ` an County is home to three larger castles . Although each fort may not be impressive on its own , the combined defence line of forts has been compared to the Great Wall of China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8ab5b28375f42f620077e1fda07ca4", "text": "Cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges . The term is a borrowing from Spanish , in which it has the same meaning . The Spanish word originates from cordilla , a diminutive of `` cuerda '' , or `` rope '' . It is most commonly used in the field of physical geography . The term is particularly applied to the various ranges of the Andes of South America , and less frequently to other mountain ranges in the `` ridge '' which rims the Pacific Ocean . In Colombia and Venezuela the cordilleras are named according to their position : Cordillera Occidental , Central , and Oriental . Various local names identify the cordilleras in Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Chile , and Argentina . Mountain ranges of this type have a complex structure , usually the result of folding and faulting accompanied by volcanic activity . In South America the ranges include numerous volcanic peaks . ( Though not itself a volcano , Argentina 's Mt. Aconcagua , at 22,834 feet ( 6,960 metres ) high , is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere . The Andes cordillera has Ojos del Salado , the highest active volcano in the world , and second highest point in the Western Hemisphere . A number of the volcanoes have been active in historic times . Aside from the volcanic peaks , the crests include many narrow ridges , some of which reach into the zone of permanent snow . Between the ranges there are numerous inhabited valleys , basins , and low plateaux with a wide range of elevations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d29ee8d6271670f0ae4d317dab5b5527", "text": "Walls of Dubrovnik The Walls of Dubrovnik ( Dubrovačke gradske zidine ) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the citizens of the afterward proclaimed maritime city-state of Dubrovnik ( Ragusa ) , situated in southern Croatia , since the city 's founding prior to the 7th century as a Byzantium castrum on a rocky island named Laus ( Ragusia or Lave ) . '' ... city 's founding before the 7th century as a Byzantine castrum on a rocky island named Laus ... '' The 7th century recorded by Constantine Porphyrogenitus as city 's founding was probably the last act of peoples movement to Ragusia settlement , hurried by Slavs migration into these areas . With numerous additions and modifications throughout their history , they have been considered to be amongst the great fortification systems of the Middle Ages , as they were never breached by a hostile army during this time period . In 1979 , the old city of Dubrovnik , which includes a substantial portion of the old walls of Dubrovnik , joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The oldest systems of fortifications around the town were likely wooden palisades . Today 's intact city walls , constructed mainly during the 12th -- 17th centuries , mostly a double line , have long been a source of pride for Dubrovnik . The walls run an uninterrupted course of approximately 1940 m in length , encircling most of the old city , and reach a maximum height of about 25 m . The bulk of the existing walls and fortifications were constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries , but were continually extended and strengthened up until the 17th century . This complex structure , amongst the largest and most complete in Europe , protected the freedom and safety of a `` civilised '' and `` sophisticated '' republic that flourished in peace and prosperity for some five centuries . '' ... , protected the freedom and safety of a `` civilised '' and `` sophisticated '' republic that flourished in peace and prosperity for five centuries . '' This sentence refers to the time of the Republic of Ragusa from 1358 to 1808 . However , walls protected the city of Dubrovnik , before and after that particular time period . The walls were reinforced by three circular and 14 quadrangular towers , five bastions ( bulwarks ) , two angular fortifications and the large St. John 's Fortress . Land walls were additionally reinforced by one larger bastion and nine smaller semicircular ones , like the casemate Fort Bokar , the oldest preserved fort of that kind in Europe . The moat that ran around the outside section of the city walls , which were armed by more than 120 cannons , provided superb city defense capabilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f278affc521fedd7c00d0405c32537e0", "text": "Bindibu expedition The Bindibu expedition was a series of three field trips mounted by anthropologist Donald Thomson to meet with and learn from Pintupi Indigenous Australians between 1957 and 1965 . Thomson travelled to the Great Sandy Desert and Gibson Desert -- the Western Desert -- one of the most inhospitable parts of the country , to meet with these people still living as they had done for many thousands of years . The Pintupi ( Bindibu ) were the last Aboriginal group to make contact with Europeans over the period 1956 to 1984 . Many Pintupi people still remember this experience . For many , Thomson was the first white man they had ever seen . In this research he concentrated on the Aborigines ' hunting and gathering practices . He provided a collection of Pintupi material including photographs , notes and films , which now form part of invaluable museum collections . Just before he left the people , they gave him an invaluable lesson on desert water , including an important `` map '' to assist its location . White people had long been puzzled as to how Aborigines could possibly find water in this harsh environment . Many desert explorers had captured Aborigines and used force and brutality to gain this vital knowledge -- see for example , the history of the Canning Stock Route . Thomson writes : Just before we left , the old men recited to me the names of more than fifty waters -- wells , rockholes and claypans ... this , in an area that the early explorers believed to be almost waterless , and where all but a few were , in 1957 , still unknown to the white man . And on the eve of our going , Tjappanongo ( Tjapanangka ) produced spear-throwers , on the backs of which were designs deeply incised , more or less geometric in form . Sometimes with a stick , or with his finger , he would point to each well or rock hole in turn and recite its name , waiting for me to repeat it after him . Each time , the group of old men listened intently and grunted in approval -- `` Eh ! '' -- or repeated the name again and listened once more . This process continued with the name of each water until they were satisfied with my pronunciation , when they would pass on to the next.I realized that here was the most important discovery of the expedition -- that what Tjappanongo and the old men had shown me was really a map , highly conventionalized , like the works on a `` message '' or `` letter '' stick of the Aborigines , of the waters of the vast terrain over which the Bindibu hunted.As well as writing in scholarly , anthropological journals , Thomson often filed articles back to many mainstream publications , such as The Australian Women 's Weekly , about his findings in the Outback with the world 's oldest surviving culture . He was often criticised for this for being low-brow . However , he defended his actions , realising the appeal and fascination of the ordinary Australian with the first Australians and their apparently simple , yet necessarily sophisticated , survival skills Thomson said of the Bindibu : -LSB- They -RSB- have adapted themselves to that bitter environment so that they laugh deeply and grow the fattest babies in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2967721b174aa02a166138723a7014", "text": "Tuncahuán The Tuncahuán phase culture flourished in the central highlands of Ecuador , and is believed to be traced back to 500 BC to 500 AD . There has been very little archaeological research in this region of Ecuador and we still have much to learn from its prehistory . The first to describe Tuncahuán phase was the Ecuadorian archaeologist Jacinto Caamano Jijón and early twentieth century , based on its investigation five graves in a cemetery . All the tombs bar one were for adults , and funerary items contained ceramic and copper . The pottery of this phase is usually decorated with white paint , red slip and negative painting in several different combinations . A container collection Tuncahuán at SFU is a fountain with pedestal , or compote , with a high base ring which supports a single source without restriction . The high base has been decorated with cuts , incisions and cream slip . The source thereof is engobada cream inside and red at the edge extending downward literally at the outer edge . There is a handprint inside the source could have been made by the potter when collected and his hand was wet with white slip . As there are no excavations on sites currently which were occupied during the Tuncahuán phase , archaeologists know little about the way of life of the people who produced these ceramics . Category : History of Ecuador Category : Archaeological sites in Ecuador", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa8d5cab8b4c4cb4adf29d21aad0e6e", "text": "Inca Bridge The Inca Bridge or Inka Bridge refers to one of two places related to access of Machu Picchu , in Peru . One of the two was built by the Incas as a secret entrance to Machu Picchu for the Inca army .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f02185675555b8971e8f0012bdd6da", "text": "Lost City of Z The Lost City of Z is the name given by Col. Percy Harrison Fawcett , a British surveyor , to an indigenous city that he believed had existed in the jungle of the Mato Grosso region of Brazil . Based on early histories of South America and his own explorations of the River Amazon region , Fawcett theorized that a complex civilization once existed in the Amazon region and that isolated ruins may have survived . Fawcett found a document known as Manuscript 512 ( links to non-English page ) , held at the National Library of Rio de Janeiro , believed to be written by Portuguese bandeirante João da Silva Guimarães . Da Silva wrote that during 1753 , he had discovered the ruins of an ancient city that contained arches , a statue , and a temple with hieroglyphics . He described the city ruins in great detail without giving its location . Manuscript 512 was written after explorations made in the sertão of the province of Bahia ( see Fawcett 's own book Exploration Fawcett ) . Fawcett intended to pursue finding this city as a secondary goal after `` Z '' . He was preparing an expedition to find `` Z '' when World War I broke out and the British government suspended support . During 1920 Fawcett undertook a personal expedition to find the city , but withdrew after suffering from fever and having to shoot his pack animal . During a second 1925 expedition , Fawcett , his son Jack , and Raleigh Rimell disappeared in the Mato Grosso jungle . David Grann wrote a 2005 article , `` The Lost City of Z '' , on Fawcett 's expeditions and findings , published in New Yorker . He expanded and developed it into a full-length book of the same title , published in 2009 . That work was adapted as a movie of the same name and released in April 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54bf57ec387ac61979d6e84de02ddeaa", "text": "Tulum Tulum ( -LSB- tu ` lum -RSB- , Yucatec : Tulu'um ) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city serving as a major port for Cobá . The ruins are situated on 12 m tall cliffs along the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Caribbean Sea in the state of Quintana Roo , Mexico . Tulum was one of the last cities built and inhabited by the Maya ; it was at its height between the 13th and 15th centuries and managed to survive about 70 years after the Spanish began occupying Mexico . Old World diseases brought by the Spanish settlers appear to have resulted in very high fatalities , disrupting the society and eventually causing the city to be abandoned . One of the best-preserved coastal Maya sites , Tulum is today a popular site for tourists .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "77e51fcb9fbbd0aa83ea65b0599b3fc2", "text": "84th Academy Awards The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f07544a859b05379566c6432212017ef", "text": "The Iron Lady (film) The Iron Lady is a 2011 British-French drama film based on the life and career of Margaret Thatcher ( 1925 -- 2013 ) , a British stateswoman and politician who was the longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century . The film was directed by Phyllida Lloyd . Thatcher is portrayed primarily by Meryl Streep , and , in her formative and early political years , by Alexandra Roach . Thatcher 's husband , Denis Thatcher , is portrayed by Jim Broadbent , and by Harry Lloyd as the younger Denis . Thatcher 's longest-serving cabinet member and eventual deputy , Geoffrey Howe , is portrayed by Anthony Head . While the film was met with mixed reviews , Streep 's performance was widely acclaimed , and considered to be one of the finest of her career . She received her 17th Oscar nomination for her portrayal and ultimately won the award , 29 years after her first Best Actress win . She also earned her third Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Drama award ( her eighth Golden Globe Award win overall ) , and her second BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . The film also won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair . The film was loosely based on John Campbell 's biography The Iron Lady : Margaret Thatcher , from Grocer 's Daughter to Prime Minister In flashbacks we are shown Thatcher 's youth , working in the family grocery store in Grantham , listening to the political speeches of her father , whom she idolised it is also hinted that she had a poor relationship with her mother , a housewife and announcing that she has won a place at the University of Oxford . She remembers her struggle , as a young lower-middle class woman , to break into a snobbish male-dominated Tory party and find a seat in the House of Commons , along with businessman Denis Thatcher 's marriage proposal to her . Her struggles to fit in as a `` Lady Member '' of the House , and as Education Secretary in Edward Heath 's cabinet are also shown , as are her friendship with Airey Neave , her decision to stand for Leader of the Conservative Party and eventual victory , and her voice coaching and image change . Further flashbacks examine historical events during her time as Prime Minister , after winning the 1979 general election , including the rising unemployment related to her monetarist policies and the tight 1981 budget ( over the misgivings of `` wet '' members of her Cabinet -- Ian Gilmour , Francis Pym , Michael Heseltine , and Jim Prior ) , the 1981 Brixton riot , the 1984 -- 1985 UK miners ' strike , and the bombing in Brighton of the Grand Hotel during the 1984 Conservative Party Conference , when she and Denis were almost killed . We also see ( slightly out of chronological sequence ) her decision to retake the Falkland Islands following the islands ' invasion by Argentina in 1982 , the sinking of the ARA General Belgrano and Britain 's subsequent victory in the Falklands War , her friendship with U.S. President Ronald Reagan and emergence as a world figure , and the economic boom of the late 1980s . By 1990 , Thatcher is shown as an imperious but aging figure , ranting aggressively at her cabinet , refusing to accept that the `` Poll Tax '' is unjust , even while it is causing riots , and fiercely opposed to European Integration . Her deputy Geoffrey Howe resigns after being humiliated by her in a cabinet meeting , Heseltine challenges her for the party leadership , and her loss of support from her cabinet colleagues leaves her little choice but reluctantly to resign as Prime Minister after eleven years in office . A teary-eyed Thatcher exits 10 Downing Street for the last time as Prime Minister with Denis comforting her . She is shown as still disheartened about it almost twenty years later . Eventually , Thatcher is shown packing up her late husband 's belongings , and telling him it 's time for him to go . Denis 's ghost leaves her as she cries that she actually is not yet ready to lose him , to which he replies `` You 're going to be fine on your own ... you always have been '' before leaving forever . She is finally shown in her kitchen , alone , contentedly washing a teacup ( a wifely role she had told Denis she would never accept ) , having finally overcome her grief .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d60daf5f1da723199ff279dd7db45d14", "text": "1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to : 57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985 58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00e6e65604decc73fc82ece835e1e07d", "text": "11th Saturn Awards The 11th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film in 1983 , were held on March 24 , 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43bc2e8dd1cfae9eed6f792e87b10fc1", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Judi Dench The following is a list of awards and nominations received by actress Judi Dench . Among her Major awards , Dench has won an Oscar , a Tony , seven Oliviers , six film and four television BAFTA Awards . She holds the record for most acting majors across all six American and British events , winning eighteen and receiving fifty two nominations . Other significant awards include two Golden Globes , two Screen Actors Guild Awards and ten critics awards . Overall in her career to date , she has won 55 competitive awards from 203 nominations . She has also received 10 honorary awards , including the lifetime achievement Special Olivier Award and the BAFTA Fellowship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20ad3a4efe40ae59288bcf43a04662", "text": "The DVF Awards The DVF Awards , supported by The Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation , are given annually to provide recipients with the exposure and resources necessary to extend their efforts on behalf of women all over the world . The DVF Awards were conceived by Diane von Furstenberg in 2010 with the goal of honoring women who have displayed leadership , strength , and courage in their commitment to their causes . Every year , each Honoree receives a $ 50,000 grant from the Foundation to further their work . The inaugural DVF Awards were presented on March 13 , 2010 at a ceremony hosted by Diane von Fürstenberg and Tina Brown at the United Nations on the closing night of The Women in the World Summit . Each year , two DVF Awards are given to women within The Vital Voices Global Partnership . In addition , the Inspiration Award is given to a woman who has demonstrated strength and courage in the face of adversity , and is using her experience and influence to effect positive change . The People 's Voice Award is also given annually to a woman chosen from a field of nominees selected by The DVF Awards Board of Advisors and voted on by the public at DVFAwards.com . The Lifetime Leadership Award honors an individual who has dedicated her life and body of work to instilling in other women the courage to fight , the power to survive and the leadership to inspire . Past recipients include Gloria Steinem , Ingrid Betancourt , Hillary Clinton , Oprah Winfrey and Robin Roberts . Presenters at The DVF Awards have included Meryl Streep , Iman , Olivia Wilde , Jessica Alba , Deborah Winger , Gabby Douglas , and Chelsea Clinton . 2017 Honorees The International Award : Yoani Sánchez , 14ymedio The International Award : Baljeet Sandhu , Migrant & Refugee Children 's Legal Unit ( MiCLU ) The People 's Voice Award : Louise Dubé , iCivics The Inspiration Award : Karlie Kloss , Kode With Klossy The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Jane Goodall , The Jane Goodall Institute ( JGI ) 2016 Honorees The International Award : Maria Pacheco , Wakami The International Award : Agnes Igoye , Huts for Peace The People 's Voice Award : Emily Greener , I AM THAT GIRL The Inspiration Award : Sarah Jones , Girls Educational and Mentoring Services ' , The Legal Aid Society and Sanctuary for Families The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Martine Rothblatt , Los Angeles LGBT Center and The Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice 2015 Honorees The International Award : Adimaimalaga Tafuna'I , Women In Business The International Award : Samar Minallah Khan , Ethnomedia The People 's Voice Award : Becky Straw and Jody Landers , The Adventure Project The Inspiration Award : Gabrielle Giffords , Americans for Responsible Solutions The Lifetime Leadership Award : Melanne Verveer , The Georgetown Institute for Women , Peace and Security at Georgetown University 2014 Honorees The DVF Award : Kah Walla , STRATEGIES ! The DVF Award : Liron Peleg-Hadomi & Noha Khatieb The People 's Voice Award : Veronika Scott , The Empowerment Plan The Inspiration Award : Alicia Keys , Keep a Child Alive The Lifetime Leadership Award : Gloria Steinem , Equality Now and Donor Direct Action 2013 Honorees The DVF Award : Sunitha Krishnan , Prajwala The DVF Award : Andeisha Farid , Afghan Child Education and Caring Organization ( AFCECO ) . The People 's Voice Award : Tammy Tibbetts , She 's the First The Inspiration Award : Natalia Vodianova , Naked Heart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Robin Roberts , Be the Match 2012 Honorees The DVF Award : Panmela Castro , Rede Nami The DVF Award : Chouchou Namegabe , South Kivu 's Association of Women Journalists The People 's Voice Award : Layli Miller-Muro , Tahirih Justice Center The Inspiration Award : Jaycee Dugard , The JAYC Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Oprah Winfrey , The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy Foundation 2011 Honorees The DVF Award : Sohini Chakraborty , Kolkata Sanved The DVF Award : Kakenya Ntaiya , Kakenya Center for Excellence The People 's Voice Award : Taryn Davis , The American Widow Project The Inspiration Award : Elizabeth Smart , Elizabeth Smart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 2010 Honorees The DVF Award : Danielle Saint-Lot , Femmes en Démocratie The DVF Award : Sadiqa Basiri Saleem , The Oruj Learning Center The People 's Voice Award : Katherine Chon , The Polaris Project The Lifetime Leadership Award : Ingrid Betancourt , The Ingrid Betancourt Foundation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a7380bc00d94d41d546db95542c044", "text": "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards . The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) . Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "778bfda52fbc6329fa72c6bd20fcf384", "text": "Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil The Filmfare Best Actress Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil ( Kollywood ) films . The awards were extended to `` Best Actress '' in 1972 . The year indicates the year of release of the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3ef9f082e539c4ce15bb3d2f7f808c", "text": "Iron Eagle Iron Eagle is a 1986 Metrocolor American-Canadian action film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Jason Gedrick and Louis Gossett , Jr. . While it received mixed reviews , the film earned US$ 24,159,872 at the U.S. box office . Iron Eagle was followed by three sequels : Iron Eagle II , Aces : Iron Eagle III and Iron Eagle on the Attack , with Gossett being the only actor to have appeared in all four films . The basis of the fictional story in the film relates to real life attacks by the United States against Libya over the Gulf of Sidra , in particular the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2d8277eba6bbd5049b8e1d2a8997d357", "text": "Thailand Thailand ( -LSB- ˈtaɪlænd -RSB- or -LSB- ˈtaɪlənd -RSB- ; -LSB- : wikt : ประเทศไทย , ประเทศไทย -RSB- , , -LSB- pra.tʰêːt tʰaj -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Thailand ( -LSB- : wikt : ราชอาณาจักรไทย , ราชอาณาจักรไทย -RSB- , -LSB- râːt.t͡ɕʰa.ʔaː.naː.t͡ɕàk tʰaj -RSB- ) , formerly known as Siam ( -LSB- : wikt : สยาม , สยาม -RSB- , -LSB- sa.jǎːm -RSB- ) , is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia . With a total area of approximately 513000 km2 , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country . It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world , with around 66 million people . The capital and largest city is Bangkok . Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and has switched between parliamentary democracy and military junta for decades , the latest coup being in May 2014 by the National Council for Peace and Order . Its capital and most populous city is Bangkok . It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . The Thai economy is the world 's 20th largest by GDP at PPP and the 27th largest by nominal GDP . It became a newly industrialised country and a major exporter in the 1990s . Manufacturing , agriculture , and tourism are leading sectors of the economy . It is considered a middle power in the region and around the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "51a9b6c166fce629286f1a7178b74640", "text": "Thaksin University Thaksin University ( มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ , translating to `` University of the South '' ) , is a public university in Southern Thailand . It is located in Amphoe Muang Songkhla , Songkhla Province . It is about twenty kilometers from Hat Yai District . Previously , Thaksin University was a branch campus of Srinakharinwirot University . Afterwards it grew in size and eventually became a separate university . Thaksin University was established as an independent public university on September 1 , 1996 . The university name was granted by a Royal Decree of His Majesty the King , who graciously granted the university the name of Thaksin , which means `` southern '' . The aim of the university is encourage and preserve the culture of Southern Thailand . The university has two campuses and one center in Bangkok . The campuses are in Tambon Khao-Roop-Chang , Amphoe Muang Songkhla , Songkhla and Tambon Ban Plao , Pa Payom District , Phattalung . The Phattalung Campus was founded in 1989 . The university offers undergraduate education degrees , postgraduate education degrees , and doctoral education degrees in Sciences , Medical Sciences , Social Sciences and Humanities . It has a special International Graduate Program that offers research-based Ph.D. programs through the region under the supervision of senior academics from international universities . Thaksin University is the juristic body under the responsibility of the Office of the Higher Education Commission . Associate professor Doctor Somkiat Saithanoo holds the position of university president .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6e058be92172db8559163eb78812d1a", "text": "List of capitals in Thailand This article includes a list of capitals and largest cities of provinces of Thailand . National capital city of Thailand is Bangkok .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "030fd9b0f6d84fa0927022e8392dcfdc", "text": "Constitutional Court of Thailand The Constitutional Court ( ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ; -LSB- sǎːn • rát • tʰà • tʰam • má • nuːn -RSB- ) is an independent Thai court founded under the 1997 Constitution with jurisdiction over the constitutionality of parliamentary acts , royal decrees , draft legislation , as well as the appointment and removal of public officials and issues regarding political parties . The current court was established by the 2007 Constitution and is part of the judicial branch of the Thai national government . The court , along with the 1997 Constitution , was dissolved and replaced by a Constitutional Tribunal in 2006 following the coup d'État . While the Constitutional Court had 15 members , 7 from the judiciary and 8 selected by a special panel , the Constitution Tribunal had 9 members , all from the judiciary . A similar institution , consisting of 9 members , was again established by the 2007 Constitution . The Constitutional Court has provoked much public debate , both regarding the court 's jurisdiction and composition as well as the initial selection of justices . A long-standing issue has been the degree of control exerted by the judiciary over the court . The decisions of the court are final and inappealable . The decisions also bind every state organ , including the National Assembly , the Council of Ministers and other courts . The various versions of the court have made several significant decisions . These included the 1999 decision that deputy minister of agriculture Newin Chidchop could retain his cabinet seat after being sentenced to imprisonment for defamation , the 2001 acquittal of Thaksin Shinawatra for filing an incomplete statement regarding his wealth , with the National Anti-Corruption Commission , the 2003 invalidation of Jaruvan Maintaka appointment as auditor-general , the 2007 dissolution of the Thai Rak Thai political party , and the 2014 removal of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra from office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcc7ce6325991a04e5d91dd2a54d6e43", "text": "Pheu Thai Party The Pheu Thai Party ( PTP ) ( พรรคเพื่อไทย ; -LSB- pʰák pʰɯ̂a tʰāj -RSB- ; For Thais Party ) is the third incarnation of a Thai political party founded by former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra . The Pheu Thai Party was founded on 20 September 2008 , as an anticipated replacement for the People 's Power Party ( PPP ) , which Constitutional Court of Thailand dissolved less than three months later after finding party members guilty of electoral fraud . The People 's Power Party was a replacement for Thaksin 's original Thai Rak Thai ( TRT ) party which the Constitutional Court dissolved in May 2007 for violation of electoral laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26010647827a949ae4a3a2fec94c7a69", "text": "Royal Society of Thailand The Royal Society of Thailand ( ราชบัณฑิตยสภา , -LSB- râːt.t͡ɕʰā.bān.dìt.tā.já.sā.pʰāː -RSB- ) , formerly known as the Royal Society of Siam , is the national academy of Thailand in charge of academic works of the government . The secretariat of the society is the Office of the Royal Society of Thailand , formerly known as the Royal Institute of Thailand . The office is an independent department in the executive branch of Thailand and is not subject to any other agency . The Royal Society of Siam was established on 19 April 1926 and was dissolved on 31 March 1933 . The dissolved society was split into the Royal Institute of Thailand and the Fine Arts Department of Thailand . On 14 February 2015 , the Royal Institute of Thailand was reorganised . Its administrative council became the Royal Society of Thailand , whilst the institute itself became the office of the society . According to the present structure , the members of the Royal Society of Thailand are of three types : associate fellows , fellows , and honorary fellows . The associate fellows are experts selected and appointed by the society . The fellows are associate fellows selected by the society and appointed by the monarch upon advice of the prime minister . And the honorary fellows are prominent experts selected by the society and appointed in the same manner as the fellows . The society is widely known for its official roles in the planning and regulation of the Thai language , as well as its many publications , particularly the Royal Institute Dictionary , the official and prescriptive dictionary of the Thai language , and the Royal Thai General System of Transcription , the official system for romanising Thai words .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1806769e5fe8b1a49e4ad2f4a37ac12", "text": "2014 interim constitution of Thailand The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand ( Interim ) 2014 was a constitution of Thailand in force between 2014 -- 17 . Drafted by law lecturers from Chulalongkorn University ( CU ) , the constitution was enacted by the National Council for Peace and Order ( NCPO ) , a military junta led by General Prayut Chan-o-cha which staged a coup d'état against the caretaker government on 22 May 2014 . Without public consultation , King Bhumibol Adulyadej assented to and signed the constitution on 22 July 2014 . The constitution came into force on that day and replaced the 2007 constitution . The interim constitution paves the way for the establishment of a national legislature to exercise the legislative power , a provisional cabinet to take charge of public administration , a reform council to execute extensive national reforms and approve a draft new constitution , and a constituent committee to draft the new constitution . The constitution does specify fixed dates for the completion of these works . Although the constitution recognises Thailand as a democratic state and the Thai people as sovereign , the constitution grants amnesty to those involved for all past and future military actions concerning the coup and invests the NCPO with vast powers , including the power by which the NCPO leader can issue any order at will for the sake of the reforms or security . All orders so issued are considered lawful and final . Public discussions about the interim constitution are prohibited by the NCPO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d01833ec70232c8a60cf9d5e5aeed0b", "text": "Thai general election, October 2006 After Thailand 's April 2006 elections were declared invalid by the Constitutional Court , it was decided that new elections would be held on 15 October 2006 . Due to delays in the nomination of a new election committee the election were likely to be moved to November , but then cancelled indefinitely after the military 's overthrow of the Thai government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a476c1229122e570cb9c15244fe42889", "text": "France–Thailand relations France -- Thailand relations cover a period from the 16th century until modern times . Relations started in earnest during the reign of Louis XIV of France with numerous reciprocal embassies and a major attempt by France to Christianize the kingdom of Thailand ( then known as Siam ) and establish a French protectorate , which failed when the country revolted against foreign intrusions in 1688 . France would only return more than a century and a half later as a modernised colonial power , engaging in a struggle for territory and influence against Thailand in mainland Southeast Asia that would last until the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80bca7522f92c4a1ef7bfe47e8d2f599", "text": "Chaeng Watthana Government Complex Chaeng Watthana Government Complex , or formally , the Government Complex Commemorating His Majesty the King 's 80th Birthday Anniversary , 5 December , BE 2550 ( 2007 ) ( ศูนย์ราชการเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 80 พรรษา 5 ธันวาคม 2550 ) , is a complex of Thai Government buildings on Chaeng Watthana Road , Thung Song Hong Subdistrict , Lak Si District , Bangkok . The complex was built in commemoration of King Bhumibol Adulyadej 's 80th birthday . The complex construction project started in 2005 under Thaksin Shinawatra 's regime and was completed in 2008 . Its opening ceremony was held on 17 February 2010 . The project cost 20,000 million baht . The 349-rai ( 929,800 m2 ) land on which the complex sits belongs to the Treasury Department , Ministry of Finance . The complex is administered by Dhanarak Asset Development or DAD , a state enterprise attached to the Treasury Department . The complex is divided into three zones : Zone A ( 100 rai ) and Zone B ( 197 rai ) are for government buildings , and Zone C ( 152 rai ) supports the growth of the complex itself . The governmental buildings in the complex are divided into two groups : Building A , or formally , the Ratchaburidirekrit Building ( อาคารราชบุรีดิเรกฤทธิ์ ; named for Prince Rabi Badhanasakdi , the Prince of Ratchaburi ( 1874 -- 1920 ) , whom some consider to be the `` father of Thai law '' ) , is in Zone A and includes the justice-related agencies : Administrative courts Central Administrative Court Office of Administrative Courts Supreme Administrative Court Constitutional Court Courts of justice Central Bankruptcy Court Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court Supreme Court of Justice Ministry of Justice Department of Probation Department of Rights and Liberties Protection Department of Youth Observation and Protection Permanent Secretariat for Justice Office of the Attorney General Building B , or formally , the Ratthaprasatphakdi Building , is in Zone B and is includes administrative agencies : Independent agencies Office of Election Commission Office of National Human Rights Commission Office of Ombudsmen Ministry of Finance Bangkok Regional Revenue Office 9 Treasury Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs Department of Consular Affairs Ministry of Digital Economy and Society National Statistical Office of Thailand Permanent Secretariat for Information and Communication Technology Software Industry Promotion Agency ( Public Organisation ) Ministry of Interior Department of Community Development Department of Land Ministry of Justice Central Institute of Forensic Science Department of Special Investigation Office of Justice Affairs Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office ( Public Organisation ) Department of Marine and Coastal Resources Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation ( Public Organisation ) Ministry of Public Health Office of National Health Security Ministry of Science and Technology Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency ( Public Organisation ) Office of the Prime Minister Office of Consumer Protection Commission Office of National Economic and Social Advisory Council Parliamentary agency King Prajadhipok 's Institute Royal Thai Police Immigration Bureau Office of Forensic Science Police Other buildings include the `` Chaeng Watthana Centara Government Complex Hotel and Convention Centre '' , a hotel with a convention centre called `` Wayuphak Hall '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c0fb969501aa26f91b65529b34f0638", "text": "People's Committee of Siam The People 's Committee of Siam , was the first constitutional Cabinet of Siam ( now Thailand ) or ( คณะรัฐมนตรีคณะที่ 1 ของไทย ) . After the Revolution of 1932 , and promulgation of the ` Temporary ' Constitution , Phraya Manopakorn Nititada ( a civil servant and former Minister of Justice ) was appointed the first President of the People 's Committee - in essence Prime Minister . However he was not allowed to appoint the members of the Cabinet as the Khana Ratsadon , the revolutionary party , has already decided to do that themselves . Out of the fifteen members 10 are from the Khana Ratsadon ; out of the 7 `` Promoters '' 5 are in the committee . The committee did not present any policies to the National Assembly , but decided to govern the country in accordance with the 6 Principles . The committee was active from 28 June 1932 to 10 December 1932 . The committee ended with the signing and promulgation of the ` Permanent ' Constitution of 1932 , most members returned for the second Cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9763dd01af65f46f31838f6df2873a6", "text": "Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters The Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters or the RTARF HQ , is the `` mostly ornamental '' joint headquarters of the Royal Thai Armed Forces , which is composed of the Royal Thai Army , the Royal Thai Navy and Royal Thai Marine Corps , and the Royal Thai Air Force . Formerly the Supreme Command Headquarters , the name was changed in February 2008 . The headquarters is divided into two branches : the `` Command Group '' and the `` Joint Group '' . The headquarters is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces , currently General Surapong Suwan-ath of the Royal Thai Army . The chief is supported by several departments and directorates , including four deputy chiefs . The headquarters is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Defence of Thailand and the Defence Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef755399c2b9738ad39109d7d42f6662", "text": "Thanom Kittikachorn Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn ( Thai ถนอม กิตติขจร , -LSB- tʰànɔ̌ːm kìttìkʰat͡ɕɔ̌ːn -RSB- ; 11 August 1911 -- 16 June 2004 ) was a military dictator of Thailand . A staunch anti-communist , Thanom oversaw a decade of military rule in Thailand from 1963 to 1973 , until public protests which exploded into violence forced him to step down . His return from exile in 1976 sparked protests which led to a massacre of demonstrators , followed by a military coup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8a7db13cbbfd0f72b75a70170aeace", "text": "Execution of Thai royalty The execution of Thai royalty ( th : การสำเร็จโทษด้วยท่อนจันทน์ ; RTGS : kan samret thot duai thon chan ; the act of executing royalty by using a sandalwood cudgel ) was the process of executing Thai royalty by means of one sandalwood cudgel or more upon his or her neck or stomach . It was the ceremony most frequently performed in Thai history from the Ayutthaya period to the initial period of Rattanakosin . This kind of execution has not been performed since the reign of King Mongkut , and has officially been abolished by the first Criminal Code of Thailand promulgated in 1881 by King Chulalongkorn . Prof Nidhi Eoseewong , a renowned Thai academician , gave an opinion that : `` I do n't know how to translate this magnificently elegant ceremony of executing royalty into any foreign language . In English there exists a term derived from Latin , ` regicide ' , the literal meaning of which is an act of killing a monarch . The foreigner uses this word in such direct meaning , namely , knifing a monarch to death as being on a par with an act of Macbeth , or decapitating a monarch with guillotine which is not a royal guillotine as it can be used for every kinds of person from prostitute to royalty ... therefore , the Thai style of executing a monarch can daze and dumbfound foreigners ( and the Thai people who do not understand the Thai history ) . The execution of Thai royalty is not like that of the foreigner . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e0b1807dd2c54d054ddf4bf366dafe", "text": "Department of Civil Aviation (Thailand) The Department of Civil Aviation ( DCA ) กรมการบินพลเรือน ) was a government department of Thailand . Its responsibilities included prescribing , regulating , and auditing Thai civil aviation . The DCA manages Thailand 's 28 domestic airports . Thailand 's international airports ( BKK , DMK , HKT , CNX , CEI , and HDY ) , are managed by AOT . DCA 's stated vision is to '' ... drive the nation 's civil aviation to gain acceptance and be competitive worldwide . '' In October 2015 , the DCA was superseded by two separate authorities , the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand ( CAAT ) , which will conduct aviation regulatory oversight , and the Department of Airports , which will operate airports previously operated by the DCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4658dfd66915b3dbe38054da73d0748a", "text": "Anand Panyarachun Anand Panyarachun ( born 9 August 1932 ) was Thailand 's Prime Minister twice , between 1991 -- 1992 and once again in 1992 . He was effective in initiating economic and political reforms , one of which was the drafting of Thailand 's `` Peoples ' Constitution '' , which was promulgated in 1997 and abrogated in 2006 . Anand received a Ramon Magsaysay Award for Government Service in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb5d0fda29194499f49cf4d48e3cb4be", "text": "Laos–Thailand relations Laos and Thailand have had bilateral relations for the most part of history . The two countries share a common border , share linguistic and cultural similarities , and have long intertwined histories since the time of their predecessor kingdoms Lan Xang and Ayutthaya in the 15th century . The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang included all of northeastern Thailand as recently as the early 18th century . Thailand 's northeastern region , Isan , has particularly strong Lao roots . Linguistically , the inhabitants of Isan , a third of the Thai population , speak the Isan language , a Lao dialect . Both countries have an interest in making the Mekong River a `` river of true peace and friendship '' , as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 . Diplomatic relations between the modern states were established in 1950 , but cross-border cooperation only began at the end of the Cold War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "554afab7504f682fd4f1a0d78dd83de8", "text": "Sihanoukism Sihanoukism ( ស ហន ន យម Sihanouk Niyum ) is a Cambodian political ideology referring to Norodom Sihanouk 's style of leadership , particularly in the 1950s . Sihanoukist political parties include the Sangkum Reastr Niyum , FUNCINPEC , and the most recent Community of Royalist People 's Party . On 30 June 2006 , in a letter to Sisowath Thomico , Sihanouk urged FUNCINPEC and other parties not to use in their writings or statements `` Sihanoukism '' and `` Sihanoukist '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53bd3bfd13e5b91f413b9f54addeefc4", "text": "Direk Jayanama Direk Jayanama ( , ; January 18 , 1905 -- May 1 , 1967 ) was a Thai diplomat and politician . He was one of the civilian Promoters of the Siamese Revolution of 1932 that changed the country 's form of government from absolute to constitutional monarchy . He was closely associated with Pridi Banomyong . In the government of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs , but resigned when Phibunsongkhram led Thailand into World War II alongside Japan . Direk became a member of the Free Thai Movement ( Seri Thai ) alongside Pridi , who fought for the full sovereignty of Thailand and against collaboration with Japan . After the end of war , he served as Minister of Justice , Finance , Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister in several short-lived cabinets . From 1949 to 1952 he was the first dean of the Faculty of Political Science , Thammasat University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77a7f5ce28a29f4cdeac1e14e643c08", "text": "Chitchai Wannasathit Chitchai Wannasathit ( ชิดชัย วรรณสถิตย์ , , born 13 August 1946 in Ubon Ratchathani Province ) was the caretaker prime minister of Thailand from April to May 2006 , when Thaksin Shinawatra took a break from his duties as prime minister following a disappointing showing in elections . Thaksin returned to his duties after more than a month . Chitchai Wannasathit was the first deputy prime minister and justice minister , and is of Chinese descent . On 19 September 2006 , he was arrested by the Thai military during the 2006 coup d'état , but was soon released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2e8d6bb820e0d2f8f1070fef0897d4", "text": "2015 in Thailand The year 2015 is the 233rd year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand . It is the 70th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej ( Rama IX ) , and is reckoned as year 2558 in the Buddhist Era .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d4edf0fccb43ce897e80e3219b5c2141", "text": "Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American period drama film directed by and starring Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson , based on his Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name ( Wilson died in 2005 , but completed a screenplay before his death ) . In addition to Washington , the film also stars Viola Davis , Stephen Henderson , Jovan Adepo , Russell Hornsby , Mykelti Williamson and Saniyya Sidney . Principal photography on the film began on April 25 , 2016 , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the Hill District , and wrapped in mid-June 2016 . Fences was released in the United States on December 16 , 2016 , by Paramount Pictures , received positive reviews and grossed $ 64 million . The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016 , and has been nominated for numerous awards , including four Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards : Best Picture , Best Actor ( Washington ) , Best Supporting Actress ( Davis ) , and Best Adapted Screenplay , with Davis winning for her performance . It also received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for Washington and a Best Supporting Actress win for Davis .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c8deea2fad69c35d02c52dc2ef8a5f15", "text": "Denhart Bank Building The Denhart Bank Building is a historic bank building located at 101 Washington Square in Washington , Illinois . Charles Anthony and Henry Denhart built the building for their bank , which began business in 1866 , around 1872 . The building has an Italianate design , a popular choice for the era , featuring tall windows with sandstone crowns , stone quoins , and an ornate framed entrance . The bank grew to not only be a prominent local bank but also to issue farm loans throughout the state and acquire holdings throughout the country . The partners dissolved their bank in 1885 , though Denhart opened a new bank in the same building in 1886 . Denhart 's bank continued to use the building until it closed in 1930 following the 1929 stock market crash . The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12 , 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b78e69e94bd18f798b6d574264455b44", "text": "Fences (band) Fences is an American indie rock band from Seattle , Washington formed by lead vocalist and guitarist Christopher Mansfield , guitarist Benjamin Greenspan , bassist and vocalist Lindsey Starr and drummer Elliott Garm Chaffee . They released their debut studio album Fences in 2010 and Lesser Oceans in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff72ff6c5322073c02dc4b5a2417facb", "text": "Washington, Missouri Washington is a city on the Missouri River in Franklin County , Missouri , United States . The population was 13,892 from the 2010 census . It is the corncob pipe capital of the world , with Missouri Meerschaum located on the riverfront .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad3d3ebf22f1dbc00286dda2a689595", "text": "FenceSitter Films FenceSitter Films is a film production and television production company founded by Kyle Schickner an American film producer , writer , director , actor and a bisexual civil rights activist , devoted to creating entertainment for women , and sexual and ethnic minorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91dc0f68ba67ca570c32a9e24d59bd93", "text": "Peeples (film) Peeples is a 2013 American comedy film written and directed by Tina Gordon Chism and produced by Tyler Perry . It stars Craig Robinson and Kerry Washington and was released by Lionsgate on May 10 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21ded26ea26e0b557d12c894e70dbf5a", "text": "George Washington (miniseries) George Washington is a 1984 television miniseries directed by Buzz Kulik . The miniseries , released in three parts , chronicles the life of George Washington , the 1st President of the United States , from age 11 to age 51 . George Washington is based on the biography by James Thomas Flexner . The miniseries was shot mainly on location near Washington , D.C. and was aired on April 8 , 10 and 11 , 1984 . Washington 's life in the French and Indian War , the second part shows the coming and commencement of the Revolutionary War and the final part describes the victory of the Independence from England . It was nominated for six Primetime Emmys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24805a88e9aec3f3470e5ab29120c6df", "text": "Pure Country Pure Country is a 1992 American dramatic musical western film directed by Christopher Cain and starring George Strait in his acting debut , with Lesley Ann Warren , Isabel Glasser and Kyle Chandler . The film was considered a box office bomb , however , the soundtrack was a critical success and , to date , is Strait 's best selling album . The film was followed by two sequels , Pure Country 2 : The Gift ( 2010 ) and Pure Country : Pure Heart ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fad906806b8219d06c492a5239f707", "text": "Wild Bill (1995 film) Wild Bill is a 1995 Western film about the last days of legendary lawman Wild Bill Hickok . It stars Jeff Bridges , Ellen Barkin , John Hurt and Diane Lane . The film was distributed by United Artists . It was written and directed by Walter Hill , with writing credits also going to Pete Dexter , author of the book Deadwood , and Thomas Babe , author of the play Fathers and Sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a64e1f33ff3858c26086a9a1ad1d7f", "text": "Country Strong Country Strong ( originally titled Love Do n't Let Me Down ) is a 2010 drama film starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Tim McGraw , Garrett Hedlund , and Leighton Meester . The film , about an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career , was directed and written by American filmmaker Shana Feste . It premiered in Nashville , Tennessee on November 8 , 2010 , and had a wide release in the United States on January 7 , 2011 . This is the second film in which McGraw and Hedlund have worked together , the first being Friday Night Lights in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec8420c51221e70e54d889b5dd7cdc4", "text": "Talent for the Game Talent for the Game is a 1991 film about a baseball scout , directed by Robert M. Young . It starred Edward James Olmos and Lorraine Bracco , in her first film after Goodfellas , with Terry Kinney , Jamey Sheridan , and Jeff Corbett as co-stars . Scenes were filmed on the Palouse in the small town of Genesee , Idaho , between Lewiston and Moscow , and nearby Garfield , Washington . Other scenes were shot in northern Idaho at Kellogg . After a disappointing debut in a limited number of theaters in Florida , it went quickly to video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4123be8d664dd727bfbe248e1854b4f8", "text": "D.C. Blacks The D.C. Blacks is an African-American prison gang in the United States whose members are from Washington D.C. . They are allied with the Black Guerrilla Family and some other black prison gangs . The Aryan Brotherhood is one of their main rivals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b534c7c60687ad40f4874469a50999b6", "text": "Washington DC politics", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5eb002aed6b36d573b14b77e1ea6ab02", "text": "Tyrees Allen Tyrees Allen ( born July 31 , 1954 ) is an American actor on stage , television , and film . Allen was born in Salina , Kansas . In 1972 , he graduated from Salina Central High School . He later attended Marymount College in Salina , where he graduated with a degree in Theater Arts . Allen 's fifty-five television credits include these : series regular roles on Women 's Murder Club and Dark Blue ; recurring and guest roles on The Practice , Alias , Cold Case , Without A Trace , Castle , Scandal , CSI : Miami , and Brothers & Sisters . Allen appeared in New York in the 2000 Broadway production of Aida and the 2003 Broadway revival of William Shakespeare 's Henry IV . In May 2013 , Allen played the role of `` Troy Maxson '' in the August Wilson play Fences at the African-American Repertory Theater in DeSoto , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7da8422ed0b9b7934d2b58995c5ea9", "text": "Vernon Davis Vernon Leonard Davis ( born January 31 , 1984 ) is an American football tight end for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Maryland . He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers sixth overall in the 2006 NFL Draft . Upon entering the league , Davis signed a five-year , $ 23 million deal that made him the highest paid tight end at the time . In 2009 , Davis co-led the NFL in touchdown receptions . In the 2011 -- 12 NFL playoffs with the 49ers , Davis caught the game winning touchdown pass from Alex Smith against the New Orleans Saints , which was referred to as `` The Catch III '' . In 2015 , Davis was traded to the Denver Broncos , where he ended up winning Super Bowl 50 with the team against the Carolina Panthers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb76574a0b0586ee92d30f08da3b4818", "text": "Washington and Lee Swing `` Washington and Lee Swing '' is the official fight song of Washington & Lee University . Before it morphed into a swing , Dixieland and bluegrass standard , `` The Washington and Lee Swing '' was one of the most well known -- and widely borrowed -- football marches ever written , according to Robert Lissauer 's Encyclopedia of Popular Music in America . Schools and colleges from Tulane to Slippery Rock to Gonzaga to Iowa State copied it ( sometimes with attribution ) . It was written in 1910 by Mark W. Sheafe , class of 1906 , Clarence A. ( Tod ) Robbins , class of 1911 , and Thornton W. Allen , class of 1913 . It has been recorded by virtually every important swing musician , including Glenn Miller ( with Tex Beneke on vocals ) , Louis Armstrong , Kay Kyser , Hal Kemp and the Dukes of Dixieland . `` The Swing '' was a trademark of the New Orleans showman Pete Fountain . The trumpeter Red Nichols played it ( and Danny Kaye pretended to play it ) in the 1959 movie The Five Pennies . ( There is an audio excerpt from a 1944 recording by Jan Garber , a prominent dance-band leader of the era . School song from D & D 's Music Hall . ) The `` Swing '' was parodied in `` The Dummy Song '' by Lew Brown and Ray Henderson . `` Dummy '' was recorded by NRBQ , Louis Armstrong , Louis Prima and Glenn Miller 's vocal jazz group , The Modernaires , among many others , and was used in the movie You 've Got Mail . It is also the tune used as the CIT song in the 1979 movie , `` Meatballs . '' It is a popular fight song of many schools , including : Albert Gallatin Senior High School ( Uniontown , PA ) Allen Park High School ( Allen Park , MI ) Arthur Hill High School ( Saginaw , MI ) Augusta High School ( Augusta , KY ) Bassett High School ( Bassett , VA ) Benedictine Military School ( Savannah , GA ) Bearden High School ( Knoxville , TN ) Beresford High School ( Beresford , SD ) Bergenfield High School ( Bergenfield , NJ ) Bloomington High School South ( Bloomington , IN ) Booneville High School ( Booneville , Mississippi ) Broken Arrow High School ( Broken Arrow , OK ) Brooke High School ( Wellsburg , WV ) Brookville High School ( Brookville , OH ) Brookville High School ( Lynchburg , VA ) Cache High School ( Cache , OK ) Calhoun High School ( Calhoun , GA ) Canyon High School ( Anaheim , CA ) Central Davidson High School ( Lexington , NC ) Central Lee High School ( Donnellson , IA ) Chapmanville Regional High School ( Chapmanville , WV ) Clay County High School ( Manchester , KY ) Dallas Center Grimes High School ( Grimes , IA ) Deer Creek High School ( Edmond , OK ) DeKalb High School ( Waterloo , IN ) DeSoto High School ( DeSoto , TX ) D.S. Keith Junior High School ( Altoona , PA ) Duncan U. Fletcher High School ( Neptune Beach , FL ) Charles F. Brush High School ( Lyndhurst , OH ) East Fairmont High School ( Fairmont , WV ) Eastern Montgomery High School ( Elliston , VA ) Erik Ramstad Middle School ( Minot , ND ) Fairfield High School ( Fairfield , OH ) Fairland High School ( Proctorville , OH ) Fayette High School ( Fayette , MO ) Fertile-Beltrami ( Fertile , MN ) Fort Myers High School ( Fort Myers , FL ) Frayser High School ( Memphis , TN ) Freedom High School ( Bethlehem , PA ) Garinger High School ( Charlotte , NC ) Germantown High School ( Germantown , TN ) Glasgow High School ( Glasgow , KY ) Granby High School ( Norfolk , VA ) Granville High School ( Granville , OH ) Grayslake Central High School ( Grayslake , IL ) Groesbeck High School ( Groesbeck , TX ) Guthrie Center High School ( Guthrie Center , IA ) Haleyville High School ( Haleyville , AL ) Harmony High School ( Big Sandy , TX ) Harrison Central High School ( Gulfport , MS ) Henderson Collegiate High School ( Henderson , NC ) Howe High School ( Howe , OK ) Jones High School ( Jones , OK ) Jimtown High School , Elkhart , IN ) Kasson-Mantorville High School , ( Kasson , MN ) Kenston High School ( Bainbridge Township , OH ) Keystone Junior/Senior High School ( Knox , PA ) Kiel High School ( Kiel , WI ) Leesville High School ( Leesville , LA ) Lee-Scott Academy ( Auburn , AL ) Lind-Ritzville High School ( Ritzville , WA ) Lindbergh High School ( St. Louis , MO ) Lone Oak High School ( Lone Oak , TX ) Louisburg School District USD 416 , KS ) Louisburg High School ( Louisburg , NC ) Lordsburg HS ( New Mexico ) Mankato Loyola Catholic School ( Mankato , MN ) Madison Consolidated High School ( Madison , IN ) Maryville High School ( Maryville , MO ) Mayo High School ( Rochester , MN ) McAlester High School ( McAlester , OK ) McAllen High School ( McAllen , TX ) Medford Area Senior High , WI ) Milton High School , ( Milton , WI ) Morgan Park High School ( Chicago , IL ) Mountain Grove High School ( Mountain Grove , MO ) Mountain Home High School ( Mountain Home , AR ) Murray High School ( Murray , UT ) New Hanover High School ( Wilmington , NC ) Noble High School ( Noble , OK ) Norcross High School ( Norcross , GA ) North Buncombe High School , ( Weaverville , NC ) Opp High School ( Opp , AL ) Orange High School ( Hillsborough , NC ) Owensboro High School , ( Owensboro , KY ) Owensville High School ( Owensville , MO ) Ottawa-Glandorf High School ( Ottawa , OH ) Padua Franciscan High School ( Parma , OH ) Paducah Tilghman High School ( Paducah , KY ) -- Its fight song is a fusion of two tunes , one of them the Washington and Lee Swing . Paul D. Schreiber High School ( Port Washington , NY Ponchatoula High School ( Ponchatoula , LA ) Putnam City High School , Warr Acres , OK ( N.W. OKC metro area ) ) Quanah High School ( Quanah , TX ) Raymond and Tirza Martin High School ( Laredo , TX ) Rocky River High School ( Rocky River , OH ) Roswell High School ( Roswell , GA ) Russell High School ( postal address Russell , KY ; physically located in Flatwoods , KY ) Saline High School ( Saline , MI ) Saint John Cathedral High School ( Milwaukee , WI ) Sandia High School ( Albuquerque , NM ) San Lorenzo Valley High School ( Felton , CA ) Seguin High School ( Seguin , TX ) Sequim High School ( Sequim , WA ) Seneca High School ( Seneca , MO ) Southwestern High School ( Hanover , IN ) Sprague High School ( Sprague , WA ) Stonewall Jackson High School ( Manassas , VA ) Sunnyvale High School ( Sunnyvale , TX ) Tallmadge High School ( Tallmadge , OH ) Tekamah-Herman High School ( Tekamah , NE ) Terrebonne High School ( Houma , LA Tolsia High School ( Glenhayes , WV ) U.S. Grant High School ( Portland , OR ) United Local High School ( Hanoverton , OH ) University of Toronto ( Toronto , ON ) Waterford Union High School ( Waterford , WI ) Wayne County High School ( Jesup , GA ) Warren Lincoln High School ( Warren , MI ) Wayne High School ( Huber Heights , OH ) Wheelersburg High School ( Wheelersburg , OH ) West Bloomfield High School ( West Bloomfield , MI ) Wickliffe High School ( Wickliffe , OH ) Winfield City High School ( Winfield , Alabama ) Wooster High School ( Wooster , OH ) Wynne High School ( Wynne , AR ) York High School ( Yorktown , VA ) Yorktown High School ( Yorktown , TX ) The Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League also use it as their fight song . In the early part of the 20th century Mississippi State University , then known as Mississippi A&M College , used a specially adapted version of the `` Washington and Lee Swing '' with words suitable for a college song . Comparisons between `` Washington and Lee Swing '' and `` Zacatecas March '' have included allegations that `` Washington and Lee Swing '' was heavily influenced by ( or even originally outright borrowed from ) that earlier Mexican march , which had been written in 1891 by Genaro Codino . See also -LSB- `` Wo n't You Come Home -RSB- , Bill Bailey ? ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a11d3772afd91c9b0aaa2abf53ff416", "text": "Sarah Paulson Sarah Catharine Paulson ( born December 17 , 1974 ) is an American actress . After beginning her acting career on stage , she starred in the 1990s television series American Gothic ( 1995 -- 96 ) and Jack & Jill ( 1999 -- 2001 ) . Paulson later appeared in comedy films such as What Women Want ( 2000 ) and Down with Love ( 2003 ) , and had dramatic roles in films such as Path to War ( 2002 ) and The Notorious Bettie Page ( 2005 ) . From 2006 to 2007 , Paulson played the role of Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination . In 2008 , she starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film The Spirit . Paulson has appeared on Broadway in the plays The Glass Menagerie ( 2005 ) and Collected Stories ( 2010 ) . She also starred in a number of independent films , and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series Cupid in 2009 . She later starred in the independent drama Martha Marcy May Marlene ( 2011 ) , and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance as Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film Game Change ( 2012 ) . Paulson starred as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film 12 Years a Slave and as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 drama film Carol . Both films received widespread critical acclaim and were nominated for multiple Academy Awards . In 2011 , Paulson began starring in the FX anthology series American Horror Story , playing different characters in each of the show 's six seasons . For her work throughout the series , she has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2013 -- 16 ) and won two Critics ' Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries ( 2013 and 2015 ) . In 2016 , Paulson portrayed real life prosecutor Marcia Clark in the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story , subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson . For her work in the series , she has been awarded the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries , Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie . According to Time magazine , she is one of the 100 most influential people of the year 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "94c9760e6eb810ffdf13b6237c1d0fc5", "text": "Sarah Goldfinger Sarah Goldfinger is a television writer/producer . She has written for CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , Brothers and Sisters , Hawaii Five-0 , Almost Human , and Grimm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ab5ce6e7ee934a758923adf142ebd3", "text": "James Pandu James Pandu is an Indian Tamil film released in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a4123005a5d338c16295e4ca605912", "text": "The Record (film) The Record is a 2000 South Korean horror film starring Kang Seong-min , Park Eun-hye and Han Chae-young .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9717ebb599f55a1017550bf754b7777c", "text": "Ghaath Ghaath is a 2000 Indian Bollywood crime drama film directed by Akashdeep and produced by Kumar Mohan . The film stars Manoj Bajpayee , Tabu and Om Puri in pivotal roles and actress Raveena Tandon in a special appearance . The film met with positive critical response whereas ended up being an average grosser at the box-office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69cbe56cb28752cc92fb1b37c46d7e0", "text": "Timecode (film) Timecode is a 2000 American experimental film written and directed by Mike Figgis and featuring a large ensemble cast , including Salma Hayek , Stellan Skarsgård , Jeanne Tripplehorn , Suzy Nakamura , Kyle MacLachlan , Saffron Burrows , Holly Hunter , Julian Sands , Xander Berkeley , Leslie Mann and Mía Maestro . The film is constructed from four continuous 93-minute takes that were filmed simultaneously by four cameramen ; the screen is divided into quarters , and the four shots are shown simultaneously . The film depicts several groups of people in Los Angeles as they interact and conflict while preparing for the shooting of a movie in a production office . The dialogue was largely improvised , and the sound mix of the film is designed so that the most significant of the four sequences on screen dominates the soundtrack at any given moment . An allusion to this film can be heard during another of Mike Figgis 's films , Hotel . In the first moment the screen is split into four quadrants . The sound of milk being steamed in one quadrant combines with the sound of an actor tapping beats onto a paperback novel in another quadrant to create a very subtle imitation of the sounds and music heard during the first few minutes in Timecode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "596a541373afc7c29a73e40726a97b60", "text": "Open House (2004 film) Open House is a 2004 real estate musical film starring Hedy Burress , Ann Magnuson , Anthony Rapp , Sally Kellerman , Jenna Leigh Green and Kellie Martin , and directed by Dan Mirvish , a co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival . It played on the film festival circuit in 2004 -- 05 and was released on DVD through Wellspring Media . All the actors sang live on set , rather than lip synching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cd4d6b86b1abdc5d2dd43f666b7e6e", "text": "The Dilettante The Dilettante ( La Dilettante ) is a 1999 French comedy film directed by Pascal Thomas and starring Catherine Frot , Sébastien Cotterot and Barbara Schulz . The film was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival where Catherine Frot won the Silver St. George for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87afdbf68bd9d3235aa48e5e4b068d8", "text": "Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten . She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas . During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles . Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) . In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas . Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel . The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 . Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children . Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3631d09271008796d65f4024c57331d5", "text": "About Adam About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge . The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da21ac655b3987384f5be09cfa6895a9", "text": "Mary Pat Gleason Mary Pat Gleason ( born February 23 , 1950 ) is an American film and television actress and an Emmy Award winning writer . From 1983 -- 85 , she appeared on The Guiding Light as Jane Hogan . Since the early 1980s she has appeared on such television series as Full House , Dear John , Murphy Brown , Empty Nest , L.A. Law , Saved by the Bell , Murder , She Wrote , Friends , Step by Step , Suddenly Susan , Will & Grace , Sex and the City , Desperate Housewives , Family Matters , NCIS : Los Angeles , The Middleman , Up All Night , 1600 Penn , Motive , Baby Daddy , Grey 's Anatomy , Partners , Mama 's Family , Two Broke Girls and Mom . She has appeared in such feature films as I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry , Basic Instinct , Traffic , Bruce Almighty , 13 Going on 30 , The Crucible , Bottle Shock , A Cinderella Story , The Island , Killing Kennedy and Nina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334f9a96977f12fdd948cd89f07e21c1", "text": "Luckytown Luckytown is a 2000 film starring Kirsten Dunst , Vincent Kartheiser , Luis Guzmán , and James Caan . The film was written by Brendan Beseth , and produced and directed by Paul Nicolas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "427736aa639ad98aeaf8914c877c4d7e", "text": "Hocus Pocus (1993 film) Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American Halloween fantasy-comedy horror film directed by Kenny Ortega , starring Bette Midler , Kathy Najimy and Sarah Jessica Parker ; written by Neil Cuthbert and Mick Garris , and based on a story by Garris and David Kirschner . It follows the villainous trio of witches , who are inadvertently resurrected by a male teenager as a virgin in Salem , Massachusetts . The film became a cult film , largely from annual airings on Disney Channel and Freeform ( formerly ABC Family ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb87cdbc1785e69f9eee180950713c3", "text": "Primary Suspect Primary Suspect is a 2000 American action-thriller-mystery film written by D.Alvelo and Marc Bienstock and directed by Jeff Celentano . The film stars William Baldwin , Brigitte Bako , and Lee Majors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78634a9b7fb1fef4073667e75d933c58", "text": "A Night to Remember: Pop Meets Classic Sarah Connor Live in Concert -- A Night to Remember : Pop Meets Classic is the first live DVD released by German pop star Sarah Connor . It was recorded live on January 24 , 2003 at Altes Kesselhaus in Düsseldorf , Germany . There are three sets . The first set starts with 5 of Sarah 's songs all performed in a bit of a classical way . The second set involves 4 of Sarah 's more pop like tracks and more dancing . The third and final set involves covering some pop standards such as `` I Say a Little Prayer '' and `` Summertime '' . The concert finishes with her signature song `` From Sarah with Love '' and her then current single `` One Nite Stand ( of Wolves and Sheep ) '' . All the songs performed were from Sarah 's first two albums , Green Eyed Soul and Unbelievable , as well as the four covers . The DVD features a bonus track ( a cover of The Beatles ' `` Yesterday '' ) , a making of featurette , gallery , special web link , an interview with Connor about the songs , a discography with song snippets , and performances of two songs with multiple angles . The DVD also offers English subtitles ( the songs were in English , but she spoke in German ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace470d6bae28b3008caf8ddc5d6354c", "text": "If These Walls Could Talk 2 If These Walls Could Talk 2 is a 2000 television movie in the United States , broadcast on HBO . It follows three separate storylines about lesbian couples in three different time periods . As with the original If These Walls Could Talk , all the stories are set in the same house across different time periods . The segments were directed by Jane Anderson , Martha Coolidge , and Anne Heche respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f6a919c99d31844dc5779bd0fa77ea2", "text": "Janeane from Des Moines Janeane from Des Moines is a 2012 American political drama film directed by Grace Lee , written by Lee and Jane Edith Wilson , and starring Wilson as a conservative housewife who attends the 2012 Republican Party primary in Iowa . It mixes elements of mockumentary and real-life interviews with Republican politicians conducted in-character without their knowledge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffea15bd326b8cb11025a9cb52d7d874", "text": "False Servant False Servant ( La Fausse Suivante ) is a 2000 French comedy-drama film directed by Benoît Jacquot and starring Isabelle Huppert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7dba2a460762454142215e52963a3b", "text": "Whipped (film) Whipped is a 2000 comedy film directed by Peter M. Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a64017510e2b59705dd805b54aafa1fc", "text": "Italian language Italian ( -LSB- itaˈljaːno -RSB- or lingua italiana -LSB- ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna -RSB- ) is a Romance language . By most measures , Italian , together with Sardinian , is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages . Italian is an official language in Italy , Switzerland , San Marino , Vatican City and western Istria ( in Slovenia and Croatia ) . It used to have official status in Albania , Malta and Monaco , where it is still widely spoken , as well as in former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors . Italian is spoken by small minorities in places such as France ( especially in Corsica ) , Montenegro , Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia . It has official minority status in Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Slovenia and Romania . Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages . Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world . Italian is a major European language , being one of the official languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe and one of the working languages of the Council of Europe . It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers ( 13 % of the EU population ) and it is spoken as a second language by 14 million EU citizens ( 3 % ) . Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries ( such as Switzerland and Albania ) and on other continents , the total number of speakers is around 85 million . Italian is the main working language of the Holy See , serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and opera . Its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market . Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world . Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy , having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society . Its development was also influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent , by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders . The incorporation into Italian of learned , or `` bookish '' words from its own ancestor language , Latin , is arguably another form of lexical borrowing through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church . Throughout the Middle Ages and into the early modern period , most literate Italian speakers were also literate in Latin ; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing -- and eventually speech -- in Italian . Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian . Unlike most other Romance languages , Italian retains Latin 's contrast between short and long consonants . As in most Romance languages , stress is distinctive .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a69f30143817ad37618638209472aeed", "text": "Comune The comune ( -LSB- koˈmuːne -RSB- ; plural : comuni , -LSB- koˈmuːni -RSB- ) is a basic administrative division in Italy , roughly equivalent to a township or municipality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee55c354356ede8cba03bd4e9f9be59", "text": "List of endangered languages in Africa An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use , generally because it has few surviving speakers . If it loses all of its native speakers , it becomes an extinct language . UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between `` safe '' ( not endangered ) and `` extinct '' : Vulnerable Definitely endangered Severely endangered Critically endangered Africa is the world 's second-largest and second most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km ² ( 11.7 million sq mi ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of the Earth 's total surface area and 20.4 % of the total land area . With about 922 million people ( as of 2005 ) in 61 territories , it accounts for about 14.2 % of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . There are 53 countries , including Madagascar and all the island groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed7912e33743f65b31ad888b07fbee0", "text": "Chicano English Chicano English , or Mexican American English , is a dialect of American English spoken primarily by Mexican Americans ( sometimes known as Chicanos ) , particularly in the Southwestern United States , ranging from Texas to California but also apparent in Chicago . Chicano English is sometimes mistakenly conflated with Spanglish , which is a grammatically simplified mixing of Spanish and English ; however , Chicano English is a fully formed and native dialect of English , not a `` learner English '' or interlanguage . It is even the native dialect of some speakers who know little to no Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bddabfb12d93a6d7dccb2574a55eeadb", "text": "Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( Regno d'Italia ) was a state founded from 1861 , when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy , to 1946 , when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic . The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia , which can be considered its legal predecessor state . Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory . Italian troops entered Rome in 1870 , ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power . Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1882 , following strong disagreements with France about the respective colonial expansions . However , even if relations with Berlin became very friendly , the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal , as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste , corners of the Austria-Hungary populated by Italians . So , in 1915 , Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allies in World War I because the western allies promised territorial compensation ( at the expense of Austria-Hungary ) for participation that were more generous than Vienna 's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality . Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations . `` Fascist Italy '' is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government . The fascists imposed authoritarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition , while promoting economic modernization , traditional social values , and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church . According to Payne ( 1996 ) , '' -LSB- the -RSB- Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases '' . The first phase ( 1923 -- 1925 ) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system , albeit with a `` legally-organized executive dictatorship '' . Then came the second phase , `` the construction of the Fascist dictatorship proper , from 1925 to 1929 '' . The third phase , with less activism , was 1929 to 1934 . The fourth phase , 1935 -- 1940 , was characterized by an aggressive foreign policy ; war against Ethiopia , which was launched from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland ; confrontations with the League of Nations sanctions ; growing economic autarchy ; and semi-National Socialization . The war itself ( 1940 -- 1943 ) was the fifth phase with its disasters and defeats , while the rump Salò government under German control was the final stage ( 1943 -- 1945 ) . Italy was allied with National Socialist Germany in World War II until 1943 . It switched sides to the Allies after ousting Mussolini and shutting down the Fascist party in areas ( south of Rome ) controlled by the Allied invaders . The remnant fascist state in northern Italy that continued fighting against the Allies was a puppet state of Germany , the `` Italian Social Republic '' , still led by Mussolini and his Fascist loyalists . Shortly after the war , civil discontent led to the constitutional referendum of 1946 on whether Italy would remain a monarchy or become a republic . Italians decided to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic , the present-day Italian state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4020e52d1980bd654a53d0d6ae1b835", "text": "List of Celtic place names in Italy The Celtic toponymy of Italy are the place names that , through the reconstruction of the historical and linguistic origin , are attributed to language of Celts allocated once in Italy , between the northern regions and in some areas of central Italy . It deals with linguistic varieties of `` fragmentary attestation '' from two strands of Celtic peoples : 1 ) the oldest , perhaps already settled in the Bronze Age , the ancestors of the Celts of Golasecca culture , who spoke a language ( the so-called Lepontic language ) which is more archaic , more conservative Gaulish language ; 2 ) groups of Gauls that penetrated in Italy in the fourth century BC ( and probably also in earlier stages ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8395be7360095a855cbff0fb0e916495", "text": "Romanian language Romanian ( obsolete spellings Rumanian , Roumanian ; autonym : limba română , or лимба ромынэ in Moldovan Cyrillic , -LSB- ˈlimba roˈmɨnə -RSB- , `` the Romanian language '' , or românește , lit . `` in Romanian '' ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 million people as a native language , primarily in Romania and Moldova , and by another 4 million people as a second language . It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova . It is one of the official languages of the European Union and the Latin Union . Romanian is a part of the Balkan-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin separated from the Western Romance during the 5th -- 8th centuries . To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives , Aromanian , Megleno-Romanian , and Istro-Romanian . During Soviet times -- and to some extent even today -- Romanian was called Moldovan in the Republic of Moldova , although the Constitutional Court ruled in 2013 that `` the official language of the republic is Romanian '' . Romanian speakers are scattered across many other countries , notably Australia , Italy , Spain , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the United States , Canada , Brazil , Mexico , Argentina , Greece , Turkey , Russia , Portugal , the United Kingdom , Cyprus , France and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304c97ee5f4d8ae38d44a804847de6a7", "text": "Cuban migration to Miami Cuban immigration has greatly characterized modern Miami , creating what is known as `` Cuban Miami . '' However , Miami reflects global trends as well , such as the growing trends of multiculturalism and multiracialism ; this reflects the way in which international politics shape local communities . Essentially , the coexistence of growth and internationalization within Miami has perpetuated an ethnically driven social polarization . The growing number of Cubans in Miami have remained loyal to their cultural norms , mores , customs , language , and religious affiliations . The transnational force of immigration defines Miami as a growing metropolis , and the 20th century Cuban influx has greatly affected Miami 's growth . As of 2012 , there were 1.2 million Cubans in Greater Miami . As of that year , about 400,000 had arrived after 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bae3cc696e13bbf26e7ed122da9606", "text": "Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage . Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community . It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry . The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8750e73fcfacbc9439059f26a6bc03ff", "text": "Filipino Americans Filipino Americans ( Mga Pilipinong Amerikano ) are Americans of Filipino descent . The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to `` Fil-Ams '' , or `` Pinoy '' . According to Filipino American historian Dawn Mabalon , the earliest appearance of the term Pinoy ( alt . Pinay ) , was in a 1926 issue of the Filipino Student Bulletin . The article that featured the terms , is titled , `` Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses : Invade Business , Politics . '' Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines . Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century , with small settlements beginning in the 18th century . Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c226753cd12b7a11e3287c7ec048829", "text": "Campania Campania ( -LSB- kamˈpaːnja -RSB- ) is a region in Southern Italy . The region at the end of 2014 had a population of around 5,869,000 people , making it the third-most-populous region of Italy ; its total area of 13590 km ² makes it the most densely populated region in the country . Located on the Italian Peninsula , with the Mediterranean Sea to the west , it includes the small Phlegraean Islands and Capri for administration as part of the region . Campania was colonised by Ancient Greeks and was part of Magna Græcia . During the Roman era , the area maintained a Greco-Roman culture . The capital city of Campania is Naples . Campania is rich in culture , especially in regard to gastronomy , music , architecture , archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii , Herculaneum , Paestum and Velia . The name of Campania itself is derived from Latin , as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix , which translates into English as `` fertile countryside '' . The rich natural sights of Campania make it highly important in the tourism industry , especially along the Amalfi Coast , Mount Vesuvius and the island of Capri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9529739778594bf959d82996ecc4282", "text": "American and British English spelling differences Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed . For instance , some spellings seen as `` American '' today were once commonly used in Britain and some spellings seen as `` British '' were once commonly used in the United States . A `` British standard '' began to emerge following the 1755 publication of Samuel Johnson 's A Dictionary of the English Language , and an `` American standard '' started following the work of Noah Webster and in particular his An American Dictionary of the English Language , first published in 1828 . Webster 's efforts at spelling reform were somewhat effective in his native country , resulting in certain well-known patterns of spelling differences between the American and British varieties of English . But English-language spelling reform has rarely been adopted otherwise , and thus modern English orthography varies somewhat between countries and is far from phonemic in any country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30cd4a1dcce1df2248ee56897f0a3fd", "text": "Casta A casta ( -LSB- ˈkasta -RSB- , -LSB- ˈkastɐ , ˈkaʃtɐ -RSB- ) was a hierarchical system of race classification created by Spanish elites ( españoles ) in Hispanic America during the eighteenth century . The sistema de castas or the sociedad de castas was used in 17th and 18th centuries in Spanish America and Spanish Philippines to describe as a whole and socially rank the mixed-race people who were born during the post-Conquest period . The process of mixing ancestries in the union of people of different races was known as mestizaje . A parallel system of categorization based on the degree of acculturation to Hispanic culture , which distinguished between gente de razón ( Hispanics , literally , `` people of reason '' ) and gente sin razón ( non-acculturated natives ) , concurrently existed and supported the idea of the racial classification system . Created by Hispanic elites , the sistema de castas or the sociedad de castas , varied largely due to their birth , color , race and origin of ethnic types . The system of castas was more than socio-racial classification . It had an effect on every aspect of life , including economics and taxation . Both the Spanish colonial state and the Church required more tax and tribute payments from those of lower socio-racial categories . Related to Spanish ideas about purity of blood ( which historically also related to its reconquest of Spain from the Moors ) , the colonists established a caste system in Latin America by which a person 's socio-economic status generally correlated with race or racial mix in the known family background , or simply on phenotype ( physical appearance ) if the family background was unknown . From the colonial period , when the Spanish imposed control , many wealthy persons and high government officials were of peninsular ( Iberian ) and/or European background , while African or indigenous ancestry , or dark skin , generally was correlated with inferiority and poverty . The `` whiter '' the heritage a person could claim , the higher in status they could claim ; conversely , darker features meant less opportunity . Casta paintings were a new , secular art form primarily produced in eighteenth-century Mexico . A notable exception to the secular nature of the genre is Luis de Mena 's 1750 painting of Virgin of Guadalupe with castas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1be996130cbe33f69d16b8e5112a1c", "text": "Sardinian language Sardinian ( sardu , limba sarda , lingua sarda ) or Sard is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia ( Italy ) . Of the Romance languages , it is considered one of the closest , if not the closest , to Latin . However , it also incorporates a Pre-Latin ( Paleo-Sardinian , also known as Nuragic , and , to a much lesser degree , Punic ) substratum , and a Byzantine Greek , Catalan , Spanish and Italian superstratum due to the past political membership of the island , first gravitating towards the Hispanic sphere of influence and later towards the Italian one . Sardinian consists of two mutually intelligible varieties , each with its own literature : Campidanese and Logudorese , spoken respectively in the southern half and in the north-central part of Sardinia . Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system for administrative purposes by combining the two Sardinian varieties , like the LSU ( Limba Sarda Unificada , `` Unified Sardinian Language '' ) and LSC ( Limba Sarda Comuna , `` Common Sardinian Language '' ) , but they have not been generally acknowledged by native speakers . In 1997 Sardinian , along with all the other languages spoken by the Sardinians , was recognized by a regional law ; since 1999 , Sardinian is also one of the twelve `` historical language minorities '' of Italy and protected as such by the national Law no. 482/1999 . However , the language is in retreat and UNESCO classifies both main varieties as `` definitely endangered '' ; although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders have a good oral command of Sardinian . Italian is displacing it nonetheless in many cases , and language ability among children has been estimated to have dropped in fact to around 13 percent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5101035f5aa43ba579b93bb4650f496d", "text": "Italians in India There is a small Italian community in India consisting mainly of Indian citizens of Italian heritage as well with expatriates and migrants from Italy who reside in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd868de36c7d0b4648add2fc7e68b0d", "text": "Italian Jews Italian Jews ( Ebrei italiani , יהודים איטלקים Yehudim Italkim ) can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living or with roots in Italy or in a narrower sense to mean the Italkim , an ancient community who use the Italian rite , as distinct from the communities dating from medieval or modern times who use the Sephardi or Ashkenazi rite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b", "text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74103ecc5bc7257b50bc349638014e27", "text": "Italianization Italianization ( Italianizzazione talijanizacija poitaljančevanje Italianisierung Ιταλοποίηση ) is the spread of Italian culture , people , or language , either by integration or assimilation . It is most known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915 . This process was conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "326a16d35cb52e64fb508515a55f1b9f", "text": "The People vs. Larry Flynt The People vs. Larry Flynt is a 1996 American biographical drama film directed by Miloš Forman and starring Woody Harrelson , Courtney Love , and Edward Norton . It chronicles the rise of pornographic magazine publisher and editor Larry Flynt and his subsequent clash with religious institutions and the law . The film was written by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . It spans about 35 years of Flynt 's life from his impoverished upbringing in Kentucky to his court battle with Reverend Jerry Falwell , and is based in part on the U.S. Supreme Court case Hustler Magazine v. Falwell . Though not a financial success , the film was lauded by critics , and garnered Woody Harrelson , Courtney Love , Edward Norton and director Miloš Forman multiple accolades and award nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf386de79ae79f1f39bef8efd477d274", "text": "Biographical film A biographical film , or biopic ( -LSB- ˈbaɪəʊpɪk -RSB- abbreviation for biographical motion picture ) , is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people . Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character 's real name is used . They differ from films `` based on a true story '' or `` historical drama films '' in that they attempt to comprehensively tell a single person 's life story or at least the most historically important years of their lives . Because the figures portrayed are actual people , whose actions and characteristics are known to the public ( or at least historically documented ) , biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses . Ben Kingsley , Johnny Depp , Jim Carrey , and Jamie Foxx all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics : Ben Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi ( 1982 ) , Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , and Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray ( 2004 ) . In rare cases , sometimes called auto biopics , the subject of the film plays himself or herself : Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story ; Muhammad Ali in The Greatest ; Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back ; Patty Duke in Call Me Anna ; Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story , Arlo Guthrie in Alice 's Restaurant ; and Howard Stern in Private Parts . Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University -- Purdue University Indianapolis . Custen , in Bio/Pics : How Hollywood Constructed Public History ( 1992 ) , regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era , and in particular , Darryl F. Zanuck . On the other hand , Bingham 's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway ? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as a codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study , Film/Genre . Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other , the former generally dealing with great accomplishments , the latter generally dealing with female victimization . Ellen Cheshire 's Bio-Pics : a life in pictures ( 2014 ) examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s . Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list . Christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article , `` Taking Hollywood Back '' in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal . Roger Ebert defended The Hurricane and distortions in biographical films in general , stating `` those who seek the truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother . ... The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable . '' Some biopics purposely stretch the truth . Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris ' widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name , in which he claimed to be a CIA agent . Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction . The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized . The Oliver Stone film The Doors , mainly about Jim Morrison , was highly praised for the similarities between Jim Morrison and actor Val Kilmer , look-wise and singing-wise , but fans and band members did not like the way Oliver Stone portrayed Jim Morrison , and a few of the scenes were even completely made up . Casting can be controversial for biographical films . Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person . Anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two . The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord . Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett , Jr. , an African American actor , as Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in the 1982 TV miniseries Sadat . Also , some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9971739904486e24ddfb2cef8ab2fbe5", "text": "Folks! Folks ! is a 1992 American comedy-drama film directed by Ted Kotcheff and starring Tom Selleck . Its tagline is : `` Jon Aldrich is about to come face to face with the most terrifying force known to man ... his parents . '' It earned a Razzie Award nomination for Selleck as Worst Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2c9b3e34caeed88307b4f0ea71770e8", "text": "Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry Dirty Mary , Crazy Larry is a 1974 American car chase film based on the 1963 Richard Unekis novel titled The Chase ( later renamed Pursuit ) . Directed by John Hough , the film stars Peter Fonda , Susan George , Adam Roarke , and Vic Morrow . Although Jimmie Haskell is credited with writing the music score , the soundtrack contains no incidental music apart from the theme song `` Time ( Is Such A Funny Thing ) '' , sung by Marjorie McCoy , over the opening and closing titles , and a small amount of music heard over the radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "086b37cc12e766b680c16237e13aa5f6", "text": "Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program in the United States that originally ran from 1953 to 1961 , with two episodes of an attempted revival airing in 2012 . Edward R. Murrow hosted the original series from its inception in 1953 until 1959 , interviewing celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio ( his opening : `` Good evening , I 'm Ed Murrow . And the name of the program is ` Person to Person ' . It 's all live -- there 's no film '' ) . In the last two years of its original run , Charles Collingwood was the host . Although Murrow is best remembered as a reporter on programs such as Hear It Now and See It Now and for publicly confronting Senator Joseph McCarthy , on Person to Person he was a pioneer of the celebrity interview . The program was well planned but not strictly scripted , with as many as six cameras and TV lighting installed to cover the guest 's moves through his home , and a microwave link to transmit the signals back to the network . The guests wore wireless microphones to pick up their voices as they moved around the home or its grounds . The interviews were done live . The two 15-minute interviews in each program were typically with very different types of people , such as a movie star and a scientist . Guests often used the appearance to promote their latest project or book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fae68e22c9d8e93e27b90d847ceaeb", "text": "Folkstreams Folkstreams is a non-profit organization that aims to collect and make available online documentary films about American folk art and culture . It preserves and provides wide access to documentary films about the activities , voices , and experiences of members of America 's diverse regional , ethnic , religious , and occupational cultures . The films show a variety of documentary approaches but commonly let the people themselves present their own circumstances , values , and arts . Folkstreams was conceived and developed by filmmaker Tom Davenport in 1999 . He saw the importance of these films and knew from experience that their natural audiences had difficulty finding and seeing them . Many of the films are old , out of print , rare , and endangered . Others are obtainable only from little-known distributors . Their age and outdated formats , their non-standard lengths , the regional and ethnic speech of the people they feature , and their unusual subject matters have excluded most from mainstream television and from commercial DVDs . By early 2014 Folkstreams was hosting over 220 such documentaries created since 1949 . The goal of Folkstreams is to recover many more such films , deposit copies in a library for long-term preservation , and digitize and stream the films for the internet public . Along with a quarter of them it already streams background information about the making of the film and the traditions presented . Most films on Folkstreams are protected by copyright , and the filmmakers have given their permission and encouragement for the streaming . An archive of all footage and corresponding materials is kept at the -LSB- Southern Folklife Collection http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wilson/sfc/] at the Wilson Library in Chapel Hill , North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad224d98ea13733da4f04d6e80bbc94", "text": "Jayhawkers (film) Jayhawkers is an American sports drama/biographical film directed by Kevin Willmott , following the life of Wilt Chamberlain , Phog Allen , and the 1956 Kansas Jayhawks basketball team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8f4590b18eae27ed37bd9e41fccf51", "text": "Fly Like an Eagle (album) Fly Like an Eagle is the ninth studio album by American rock group Steve Miller Band . The album was released in May 1976 ( see 1976 in music ) by Capitol Records in North America and Mercury Records in Europe . A Quadraphonic mix of the album was available on the Quadraphonic 8-Track cartridge format ( in which Track 1 - `` Space Intro '' is edited into `` Fly Like an Eagle '' as one track , and Track 6 - `` Take the Money and Run '' intro repeats twice ) . On the U.K. original vinyl release `` Space Intro '' does not appear on track listing . A 40-second track called `` Space Odyssey '' segues into `` Wild Mountain Honey '' . The album was a success , spawning three singles : the title track , `` Take the Money and Run '' and `` Rock 'n Me '' , and eventually receiving quadruple platinum certification from the RIAA . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . On an updated list in 2012 , the magazine listed the album at number 445 . In 2006 the album was re-released to celebrate its 30th Anniversary . The CD is digitally remastered and includes three bonus tracks and a bonus DVD features a concert performance at Mountain View , California 's Shoreline Amphitheater in 2005 with over two hours of music in 5.1 Surround Sound ( Note this surround mix is not based on the QUAD mix as track 1 and 6 are not different from the standard releases ) . Guest musicians include George Thorogood and Joe Satriani . The DVD also features a lengthy interview with Steve Miller , archive footage , never-before-seen photographs , and early demo recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b27f037852dcfd92ab77f8833dab56e", "text": "Life (UK TV series) Life is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC in association with The Open University . It was first broadcast as part of the BBC 's Darwin Season on BBC One and BBC HD from October to December 2009 . The series takes a global view of the specialised strategies and extreme behaviour that living things have developed in order to survive ; what Charles Darwin termed `` the struggle for existence '' . Four years in the making , the series was shot entirely in high definition . Life premiered on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom consisting of ten 50-minute episodes . The opening programme gives a general introduction to the series , a second look at plants , and the remainder are dedicated to some of the major animal groups . They aim to show common features that have contributed to the success of each group , and to document intimate and dramatic moments in the lives of selected species chosen for their charisma or their extraordinary behaviour . A ten-minute making-of feature Life on Location aired at the end of each episode , taking the total running time to 60 minutes . Life is produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and The Open University . It is distributed under licence by the BBC in over 50 other countries , including by the Discovery Channel in the United States and Skai TV in Greece . The original script was written and narrated by David Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fea465fcabb398c9acd0286f1eafcea", "text": "Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal . A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress . After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) . Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run . The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76b09b957c8cb00e5c086f039e524545", "text": "The People Next Door (1968 film) The People Next Door was a 1968 television play as part of the CBS Playhouse series . A drama about a family dealing with the drug addiction of their daughter , it was written by J. P. Miller and won three Emmy awards for camerawork , best director , and best writer ; as well as a nomination for Best Dramatic Program . The teleplay was later refilmed in 1970 as The People Next Door , with many of the actors from the teleplay reprising their roles for the theatrical release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29f6e113a9e49453d47e840123ef6aa", "text": "Life Itself (film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about film critic Roger Ebert , directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper , Steve James and Garrett Basch . The film is based on Ebert 's 2011 memoir of the same name . It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival . The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28 , 2014 . Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4 , 2014 . On December 2 , 2014 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards , winning the award for Outstanding Editing : Documentary & Long-Form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34548a96ad38172362c26ffbc84eff6c", "text": "Mrs. Harris Mrs. Harris is a 2005 American-British drama film written and directed by Phyllis Nagy . The teleplay , based on the book Very Much a Lady by Shana Alexander , focuses on the tempestuous relationship between Herman Tarnower , noted cardiologist and author of the New York Times bestseller The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet , and headmistress Jean Harris . Produced by Killer Films , Number 9 Films , and John Wells for HBO Films , it premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2005 , before its broadcast on HBO on February 25 , 2006 . The film stars Annette Bening as Jean Harris , Ben Kingsley as Herman Tarnower , Cloris Leachman as Tarnower 's sister , and Chloë Sevigny as his secretary and lover . The film also features a cameo performance by Ellen Burstyn as one of Tarnower 's previous girlfriends ; Burstyn played Jean Harris in the made-for-television movie , The People vs. Jean Harris ( 1981 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eee5cc2b389c67b8529bdbc181a249b", "text": "Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa . The film stars Michael Cera , Tavi Gevinson , and Abbi Jacobson . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on July 28 , 2017 , by Magnolia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcdbf47f18e80c35c7f359b556bc8cd3", "text": "Bringing King to China Bringing King to China is a 2011 documentary film by Kevin McKiernan . The cinematographers include three-time Oscar-winner Haskell Wexler . The documentary is `` a father 's ` love letter ' to his adult daughter , a young American woman struggling to bring Martin Luther King , Jr. 's dream of nonviolence to China , and then back to the United States . Her life is thrown into turmoil when she learns , mistakenly , that her father , a journalist covering the war in Iraq , has been killed by a suicide bomber . '' Bringing King to China conveys the lead character 's `` dream to build a bridge between the societies by talking about peaceful struggle and universal rights . '' It chronicles her struggle to interpret and adapt King 's message for Chinese society , preserve the historical accuracy of the U.S. civil rights movement , clear bureaucratic hurdles before opening night and raise funds to pay the theater company . The film takes American viewers backstage at the National Theatre Company of China , as Chinese actors rehearse with African-American gospel singers . The film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival and won best documentary at the Ventura International Film Festival and the Tulsa International Film Festival . In 2011 , it was scheduled to screen at film festivals across the US , including DOCNYC and the St. Louis International Film Festival . Commentators called the film timely , noting it premiered in the lead-up to the unveiling of the Martin Luther King , Jr. . Memorial in Washington , D.C.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffa0e760f7edc61b4576d78fcf1274d1", "text": "The Wild Geese The Wild Geese is a 1978 British adventure film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen about a group of mercenaries in Africa . It stars Richard Burton , Roger Moore , Richard Harris , and Hardy Krüger . The film was the result of a long-held ambition of its producer Euan Lloyd to make an all-star adventure film similar to The Guns of Navarone or Where Eagles Dare . The same producer and director were later responsible for The Sea Wolves . The screenplay by Reginald Rose was based on an unpublished novel titled The Thin White Line by Daniel Carney . The film was named The Wild Geese after the Wild Goose flag and shoulder patch used by Michael `` Mad Mike '' Hoare 's Five Commando , ANC , which in turn was inspired by a 17th-century Irish mercenary army ( see Flight of the Wild Geese ) . Carney 's novel was subsequently published by Corgi Books under the same title as the film . The novel was based upon rumours and speculation following the 1968 landing of a mysterious aeroplane in Rhodesia , which was said to have been loaded with mercenaries and `` an African president '' believed to have been a dying Moïse Tshombe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ec5fe6cd25bf6e5e12e9972dbd9f48", "text": "Factual film Factual film may refer to : Historical film Biographical film , a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people Film based on a true story Documentary film , a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4e3dc4198d05f13da2325c903355424f", "text": "Robert Lee Yates Robert Lee Yates Jr. ( born May 27 , 1952 ) is an American serial killer from Spokane , Washington . From 1996 to 1998 , Yates is known to have murdered at least 13 women , all of whom were sex workers working on Spokane 's `` Skid Row '' on E. Sprague Avenue . Yates also confessed to two murders committed in Walla Walla in 1975 and a 1988 murder committed in Skagit County . In 2002 , Yates was convicted of killing two women in Pierce County . He currently is on death row at the Washington State Penitentiary .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "436ea0472b461b3c3eb93b786ee7426d", "text": "Fleet Robert Current Fleet Robert Current ( May 28 , 1924 -- August 30 , 1983 ) was an American bank robber and listed on the FBI 's Ten Most Wanted list in 1953 . Current began his criminal career in 1942 , when he was convicted for burglary and sentenced to nine months imprisonment in Oakland County jail and , following his release , would be linked to numerous robberies throughout the west coast and later the Minneapolis-St . Paul area . In August 1948 , Current 's raid on a Minneapolis loan company would be acknowledged by police officials as '' ... the smoothest stickup in a generation . '' for which he was later sentenced to five years imprisonment . After serving less than three years , Current was released on parole in May 1951 and returned to California where he was identified committing a string of robberies between 1952 and 1953 including a robbery of a Minneapolis tavern of $ 2,500 in November 1952 and $ 1,500 from a San Francisco restaurant in January 1953 . After yet another robbery in San Francisco , he was officially placed on the FBI 's Ten Most Wanted list on May 18 , 1953 . During this time , Current was frequently on the road and placed in several locations across the country including the March 1 robbery of $ 22,000 from a St. Paul dairy and $ 250 from a Minneapolis hotel only two weeks later . Despite his status as a federal fugitive , Current continued his crime spree participating in the robbery of $ 5,148 from the American Trust Company with two Oakland criminals on June 25 . A longtime sufferer of severe tuberculosis , of which his noticeably enlarged larynx attributed to his prison nickname `` The Apple '' , was worsened by his traveling and fled to Omaha , Nebraska with his teenaged wife in early July . Although believing he would not be recognized , federal agents received an anonymous tip regarding Current 's whereabouts and , on July 12 , he and his wife were arrested by federal agents and local police officials . Unarmed , Current offered no resistance as he was taken into custody and extradited to California where he was eventually convicted and imprisoned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69f4c75e477934b1cddd7861297e8f80", "text": "Rod Lee Rod Lee is a Baltimore DJ , producer , and party MC . who is known for the popularization of Baltimore Club music . Described as `` the original don of Baltimore Club '' by The Washington Post , in 2005 he released `` Vol . 5 : the Official , '' a DJ mix that was the first Baltimore Club CD to be distributed nationally . His productions have contributed to the success of local stars like Bossman and Paula Campbell . He is the founder and owner of the Club Kingz record label . and has independently released four mixtapes that have circulated around the mid-Atlantic , but primarily within his native city of Baltimore . Lee is highly popular among Baltimore club-goers and Baltimore Club music fans . He is currently considered one of the most notable artists to represent the city . His song `` Dance My Pain Away '' was featured on the soundtrack to the HBO series The Wire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9c66a8c2c41c8b2852132b378babe2", "text": "Jess Yates Jesse Frederick Joseph Yates ( 20 December 1918 -- 9 April 1993 ) was an English television presenter and producer . He was the creator , presenter and producer of Yorkshire Television 's religious programme Stars on Sunday . He was born in Tyldesley , Lancashire . His family moved to Llandudno when he was five . After leaving school , Yates worked as a cinema organist . He was born into a show business family ; his mother booked stage acts . After the war he worked for BBC Television as a freelance designer and joined the BBC on the production side in 1949 . He was involved with programmes such as Come Dancing , The Good Old Days and the Miss World competition . In later life , he lived in the village of Rowen , near Conwy in North Wales . In 1968 , he became Head of Children 's programmes for Yorkshire Television . The following year , he began hosting Stars on Sunday . Yates introduced the show seated at an electric organ , placed in front of a stained-glass window . One of his many observations was , `` We ca n't see round the bend in the road , but God can . '' The programme attracted many special guests , including Harry Secombe , Dame Anna Neagle , and Gracie Fields . He was quoted as wanting stars to appear on the programme as that is what he thought would persuade viewers to tune in . He was married to actress and author Elaine Smith ( whose stage name was Heller Toren and who later wrote under the pseudonym Helene Thornton ) from 1958 to 1975 . His TV presenting career ended in 1974 when it was revealed that he had been having an affair with young actress Anita Kay , although he was separated from his wife at the time . Amid the ensuing furor , Yates had to be smuggled from Yorkshire Television 's studio complex in Leeds in the boot of a car . A few years after his death , a DNA test revealed that Paula Yates ' biological father was not Jess Yates , but the television presenter Hughie Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc31f04aea65ea9469bc26f9d14175eb", "text": "James Yates (jurist) James A. Yates is an American lawyer and former judge from New York . He had been appointed general counsel to the Governor of New York , David Paterson , in 2008 , but Yates ultimately decided to remain a judge instead . The appointment had come as a surprise , as the two are not close associates . Yates received an A.B. from Princeton University in 1967 and a J.D. from Rutgers School of Law in 1973 . He began his career as an attorney with the Legal Aid Society in New York City in 1973 , and was one of the founders of the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers , an organization whose mission is to `` ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crimes or other misconduct . '' He went on to serve as counsel to the New York State Assembly Majority Leader from 1987 to 1989 , and to the Speaker of the Assembly from 1989 to 1992 . Yates taught as an adjunct professor on the faculty of the New York Law School from 1997 to 2004 , the New York University School of Law from 1989 to 1993 , the Queens College City University of New York School of Law from 1986 to 1991 , the Cardozo School of Law from 1985 to 1986 , and the Pace University School of Law in 1984 . In 1992 , Yates was appointed to the New York State Court of Claims by Governor Mario Cuomo , and served until 1998 , when he was elected to a fourteen-year term to the state 's highest trial court , the New York State Supreme Court , in New York County . On the bench , Yates was known as a liberal , and former New York City prosecutor Daniel Alonso noted that his `` appointment may signal Governor Paterson 's intention to adopt a progressive criminal justice agenda . '' He is now Chief Counsel to the Speaker of the New York State Assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e4cc477b24c8dd24ce1e298777a703", "text": "Riptide (album) Riptide is the eighth solo studio album by the British singer Robert Palmer . It was originally released in November 1985 . The album was recorded over a period of three months in 1985 , at Compass Point Studios in Nassau , Bahamas . The album charted at number 8 in the US and No. 5 in the UK . It was certified double platinum in the US by the RIAA in March 1996 and certified gold in the UK by BPI in August 1986 . It featured the songs `` Addicted to Love '' , `` I Did n't Mean to Turn You On '' , `` Discipline of Love '' , and `` Riptide '' which were all released as singles . The single `` Addicted to Love '' was accompanied by a memorable and much-imitated music video , directed by Terence Donovan , in which Palmer is surrounded by a bevy of near-identically clad , heavily made-up ( and appropriately pouty ) female `` musicians , '' either mimicking or mocking the painting style of Patrick Nagel . In September 1986 , Palmer performed `` Addicted to Love '' at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards in Los Angeles . In 1987 , he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for `` Addicted to Love '' . At the 1987 Brit Awards , Palmer received his first nomination for Best British Male . Another single from Riptide , his cover of Cherrelle 's `` I Did n't Mean to Turn You On '' , also performed well ( US # 2 , UK # 9 ) . Another song , `` Trick Bag , '' was written by one of his major influences , New Orleans jazz artist Earl King . For the album , Palmer collaborated with two former members from The Power Station , guitarist Andy Taylor and drummer Tony Thompson . The Power Station 's producer Bernard Edwards also played bass and produced the album . The album also features contributions from American Singer-songwriter Chaka Khan , Level 42 's keyboardist Wally Badarou , and session musicians Guy Pratt , Jeff Bova , Eddie Martinez , and Jack Waldman ( who died a year after the album 's release ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "305b6b0de80bd739dd7e069b6c133fff", "text": "Robert Reuland Robert Charles Reuland ( born 1963 ) is an American novelist and attorney . He commenced his legal career in 1990 in the litigation department of the Wall Street law firm of Winthrop , Stimson , Putnam & Roberts and later Brown & Wood . A graduate of Cambridge University and the Vanderbilt School of Law , Reuland specialized in international law and authored several law review articles on various topics of international jurisdiction and litigation . In 1996 he left private practice to join the District Attorney 's Office in Brooklyn , New York , where he served as Senior Assistant District Attorney in the Homicide Bureau . Since 2001 Reuland has had a parallel career as a novelist . He is the author of five novels , including a series originating with his first novel , Hollowpoint ( Random House 2001 ) , which was nominated for a Dashiell Hammett Award in 2002 , and followed by Semiautomatic ( Random House 2004 ) , and Represent '' ( 2011 ) . All three books are set in the Brooklyn D.A. 's office , where Reuland worked an assistant district attorney between 1996 and 2001 . Influenced by Graham Greene and James Salter , Reuland 's hard-edged but elegant writing is known for its gritty realism and has drawn praise from Dennis Lehane , Alan Furst , and George Pelecanos . A reviewer for the Washington Post referred to Semiautomatic as `` the best-written legal thriller I 've ever read , hands down . '' Marilyn Stasio of the New York Times called Reuland `` a daring writer . His cityscapes are ugly to the point of insult , his characters have no hearts , and his abrasive dialogue will rub you raw . It 's an irritating voice for a new writer -- too quick and smart to toy with civilizing subtleties -- and I like it a lot . '' Of Reuland 's second novel , `` Semiautomatic , '' Kirkus , in a starred review wrote , `` Reuland is a real-life ADA , and if he prosecutes as effectively as he writes , Brooklyn is a lucky borough . '' Following the critical success of his first two novels , Reuland wrote `` Way of the World , '' a fictionalized account of the Abner Louima affair in Brooklyn , told from the perspective of a police union representative . `` Way of the World , '' Reuland 's first novel after the completion of his two-book contract with Random House , was rejected by his publisher as too difficult and remains unpublished . In 2006 , in something of a literary departure , Reuland completed `` The Convict Maiden , '' a sprawling historical novel set in the penal colony of New South Wales in 1827 . Written in the voice of the female protagonist , `` The Convict Maiden '' is Reuland 's first work of historical fiction and first to be set outside his home of Brooklyn , New York . Reuland gained additional national notoriety in 2001 when fired from his position in the Brooklyn D.A. 's office shortly after the publication of his first book , Hollowpoint . In an interview with New York Magazine '' , Reuland observed that Brooklyn had `` more bodies per square inch than anyplace else , '' which angered Brooklyn District Attorney , Charles J. Hynes . Hynes demoted then fired Reuland , who brought a federal lawsuit claiming infringement of his First Amendment rights . Reuland prevailed after trial in 2004 . Upon leaving the D.A. 's Office in 2001 , Reuland established himself in private practice specializing in state and federal criminal defense . As a member of the Homicide Panel of the Mayor 's Assigned Counsel Program , he represents indigent or poor persons accused of homicide or other serious felonies . Reuland is the first criminal defense attorney ever to successfully assert an alibi defense to a felony charge based upon his client 's use of Facebook at the time of the crime . Born in Dallas , Texas and raised in Dubuque , Iowa , Reuland has lived in Park Slope , Brooklyn since 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec7f2e8f992241d0ee20010e47526d0", "text": "Wesley Duke Lee Wesley Duke Lee ( December 21 , 1931 in São Paulo -- September 12 , 2010 in São Paulo ) was a Brazilian painter . Lee was a grandson of Americans and Portuguese and started his learning of art in the drawing course of São Paulo Museum of Art , in 1951 . In the following year , he moved to the United States to study in the Parsons and in the AIGA , in New York City , until 1955 . There he became acquainted with the works of Robert Rauschenberg , Jasper Johns , Cy Twombly and with Pop art in general . Back in Brazil , Lee quit his advertising career and studied painting with Karl Plattner , joining Plattner during a trip to Italy and Austria in 1960 . Lee also traveled to Paris , where he attended classes at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière and in the atelier of Johnny Friedlaender . After returning to Brazil , in 1963 , Lee began to work with young artists and performed the happening O Grande Espetáculo das Artes ( `` The Great Spectacle of Arts '' in Portuguese ) at the João Sebastião Bar , in São Paulo . That was considered one of the most pioneering happenings in Brazil . With Maria Cecília , Bernardo Cid , Otto Stupakoff and Pedro Manuel Gismondi , among others , he established a group dedicated to magic realism . In 1966 , he joined a group named `` Grupo Rex '' but it lasted only until 1967 . Lee died on September 12 , 2010 , in São Paulo , at the age 78 , due to pulmonary aspiration and cardiac arrest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09f227cf0141bf1224e9ca138d53d304", "text": "M. David Lee III M. David Lee III ( born September 14 , 1965 , Champaign , Illinois ) is an award-winning American film director , producer , writer , editor and director of photography . Lee is noted for his use of a version of the Dogme95 principals originally developed by Lars Von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg in his films . His production company , Triple Sticks Productions , has produced four feature films since 1997 and several short films dating back to the late '70s . Triple Sticks Productions is also distributing their film , Slow Down ... You 're Dating Too Fast ! . Lee has also spent time as a sports anchor with Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic , SNY , WHBQ , KNTV , KDOC , and KCOY . In 2009 , `` Dog Me : Potluck , '' was selected for distribution on Netflix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72d24db6e3ee47f5a0087950d3e8ce5", "text": "Ron Taylor (actor) Ronald James `` Ron '' Taylor ( October 16 , 1952 -- January 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor , singer and writer . He grew up in Galveston , Texas and later moved to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . After graduating , Taylor began working in musical theater , appearing in The Wiz ( 1977 ) , before getting his break with the 1982 off-Broadway production Little Shop of Horrors . Taylor voiced the killer plant Audrey II in the show , which ran for five years and over 2,000 performances . Taylor created and starred in the musical revue It Ai n't Nothin ' But the Blues , which charted the history of blues music from its African origin to American success . Originally performed at high schools in Denver as a 45-minute piece , the revue was expanded to two hours , played around the country and opened on Broadway in 1999 . It was met with critical acclaim , ran for eight months , and saw Taylor receive two Tony Award nominations . He also had numerous television roles , appearing in The Simpsons , Twin Peaks , Ally McBeal and L.A. Law . His performance in the latter , as a singer who performed the American national anthem `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' at baseball games , led him to perform the anthem at several real-life sporting events . Taylor was married and had one son . He died in January 2002 after suffering a heart attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ab65ef2fa913efea0db11765290e5d9", "text": "Bruce Golden Bruce Edward Golden ( born December 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer of science fiction , a satirist , and a journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42bd45a9664c2ff9a05b51405e508672", "text": "Frederick Yates (Michigan) Frederick Yates ( October 3 , 1914 -- October 9 , 1971 ) was an African-American politician and lawyer . Born in Malvern , Arkansas , Yates moved with his family to Detroit , Michigan in 1925 . In 1932 , Yates graduated from Northwestern High School . He received his bachelor 's degree from West Virginia State University in 1936 and his law degree from Detroit College of Law . He practiced law in Detroit , Michigan . Yates worked as a playground supervisor for the Detroit Parks and Recreation Department and at the Ford Motor and US Rubber factories to help pay for his education . From 1955 until 1962 , Yates served in the Michigan House of Representatives and was a Democrat . He then served on the Wayne County , Michigan Board of Commissioners from 1968 until his death in 1971 . Yates died at the Wayne County Hospital , in Detroit , Michigan from a long illness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3e0a6b7146394d5ce42880e617729d7", "text": "Jaxon Lee Jason Christopher Lee ( born September 7 , 1968 in San Antonio , Texas ) is an American voice actor and video editor who co-founded the dubbing studio Gaijin Productions with his wife Amanda Winn-Lee . He uses the stage name Jaxon Lee per Screen Actors Guild rules because there is another actor named `` Jason Lee '' , the star of NBC 's My Name is Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3057357cfe81f2c4c7da10f2e544aab3", "text": "Gerald Bruce Lee Gerald Bruce Lee ( born 1952 ) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia , commonly referred to as the `` Rocket Docket '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b95995aad924a6d0e8834abdfe466a", "text": "Yates Mill __ NOTOC __ Yates Mill is a fully restored , circa 1756 gristmill located five miles ( 8 km ) south of downtown Raleigh , North Carolina . It is the centerpiece of Historic Yates Mill County Park , in central Wake County . The park features the restored mill ; a visitor center with a museum focused on milling and on the natural history of the area , classrooms , an auditorium and space for research conducted by North Carolina State University faculty and students ; a 20 acre lake ; and extensive hiking trails . The park is managed as a native wildlife refuge with a mission to study and interpret the park 's cultural , natural and agricultural heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd51d182551456924ec2f97d623c515", "text": "Ernest Lee Thomas Ernest Lee Thomas ( born March 26 , 1949 ) is an American actor . He was born in Gary , Indiana . He is best known for his role as Roger `` Raj '' Thomas on the 1970s ABC sitcom What 's Happening !! , and its 1980s syndicated sequel , What 's Happening Now !! , and for his recurring role as Mr. Omar on Everybody Hates Chris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "978f6470c042ba32aea066a161ea8a8d", "text": "Robert D. Yates Robert D. Yates ( December 27 , 1857 in Brooklyn ; September 19 , 1885 ) was an American draughts champion and medical doctor . He was considered to be prodigious at draughts and was the only American to hold the title of world champion in the 19th century , which he won from James Wyllie in 1876 at age 18 . He held the title until 1878 when he retired as world champion and the title reverted to Wyllie . He died of typhus at age 27 while serving as ships physician aboard the steamship Scheidam and was buried at sea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5c688685afcbba83ec9abaa834ed130", "text": "Ron May (Colorado legislator) Ronny J. `` Ron '' May ( born September 16 , 1934 ) is a former Colorado legislator . An Air Force veteran , May was elected to the Colorado Springs city council , then to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 1992 . Serving eight years in the state house , May was then elected to the Colorado Senate in 2000 and again in 2004 . After serving for over two decades in elected office , May , noted for his work on technology issues , retired from government in 2007 to become a fellow with the Center for Digital Government and Government Technology magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf23fcf88af0547c5abd91c04604e62", "text": "Fort Yates, North Dakota Fort Yates is a town in Sioux County , North Dakota in the United States . It is the tribal headquarters of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and county seat of Sioux County . Since 1970 the population has declined markedly from more than 1100 residents , as people have left for other locations for work . The population was 184 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17da1034b2f12c7e9de508cece0cd28", "text": "Early life and career of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series . He was born in El Paso , Texas , but grew up in Los Angeles , California where his father worked as a police officer . While at school , the young Roddenberry majored in police science and became interested in aeronautical engineering . He obtained a pilot 's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Following his graduation , he signed up for the United States Army Air Corps and he enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was commissioned on August 5 , 1942 , and was posted to the Pacific Theater of Operations where he joined the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group , of the Thirteenth Air Force . He flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in an estimated 89 combat missions . After being rotated back to the United States he was promoted to Captain and became an air crash investigator . During his military career , he was involved in two plane crashes and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . Once a civilian , he began to fly long-haul routes for Pan American World Airways . He was involved in a further crash in June 1947 , where the Clipper Eclipse crashed in the Syrian desert . After pulling injured passengers out of the burning plane , he led the party which sought help . After a further incident , he resigned from Pan-Am , seeking to write for television instead . However , he joined the Los Angeles Police Department , initially in the traffic division but transferred to the newspaper unit where he worked with Chief William H. Parker as a speech writer . He landed the role of technical adviser for a television version of Mr. District Attorney , which led to him writing scripts for the series under the pseudonym of `` Robert Wesley '' . This led to a series of collaborations with Ziv Television Programs , and he resigned from the police on June 7 , 1956 , in order to take up a writing position on the staff of The West Point Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa20f7bd019ce4a2398cdae883b213bb", "text": "The Lee Boys The Lee Boys are a funk and gospel band based out of Miami , Florida . The band plays in the Sacred Steel tradition that arose out of the musical stylings of the House of God Church . The band plays a mixture of funk music and gospel lyrics , staying true to their roots as a religious group . The band is similar in style to other House of God bands , such as Robert Randolph & the Family Band . The band has played many notable shows and festivals , such as the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival , Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival , Langerado , Chicago Blues Festival and Bonnaroo . After their 2006 performance at the event , the Chicago-Sun Times compared the band to Jimi Hendrix , saying : `` The Lee Boys , whose Church of God-inspired sacred steel music may be what Jimi Hendrix had in mind with his grand plan for ' electric sky church music . ' Part Robert Randolph , part Holmes Brothers , the Miami quintet sang the praises while whipping the crowd into a frenzy with hypnotic grooves , innovative pedal-steel/lead guitar interplay and funky rhythms . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ca4cbb6380d5ca7c45e75602df62702", "text": "Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb54395f4f3359dc2e2eea4da3a38d1a", "text": "T. J. Miller Todd Joseph `` T. J. '' Miller ( born June 4 , 1981 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , producer , and writer . He currently stars as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley . Miller has also performed in such films as Cloverfield ( 2008 ) , She 's Out of My League ( 2010 ) , Yogi Bear 3D ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) , Transformers : Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , Big Hero 6 ( 2014 ) , Deadpool ( 2016 ) , and Office Christmas Party ( 2016 ) . He hosts `` The Gorburger Show '' , which is currently broadcast on Comedy Central .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf811c36aec0c51370349d6bcffd87bc", "text": "Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches . `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony . The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0336a0d807a705d458f857549cddab0a", "text": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "745fe2d18c43313d636be2ea77bbc442", "text": "13th Critics' Choice Awards The 13th Critics ' Choice Awards were given on 7 January 2008 to honor the finest achievements in 2007 filmmaking . D. L. Hughley hosted the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed5ac5c00d5d7423e832e03977d525c", "text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b36edb26af2e5763ae6c9243952d273", "text": "Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747468ee07a179582f0fdbe7ada3f949", "text": "The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums . After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "55caaf24f1eddc3b5d28f4667291f287", "text": "The Crown (TV series) The Crown is a biographical drama television series , created and written by Peter Morgan and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Television for Netflix . The show is a biographical story about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom . The first season covers the period between the Queen 's marriage to Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in 1947 to the disintegration of her sister Princess Margaret 's engagement to Peter Townsend in 1955 . A second season has been commissioned , which is intended to cover the Suez Crisis in 1956 through the retirement of the Queen 's third Prime Minister , Harold Macmillan , in 1963 following the Profumo affair political scandal . The Crown evolved out of Morgan 's 2006 film The Queen and 2013 stage play The Audience . The series is intended to last 60 episodes over six seasons , with 10 one-hour episodes per season , covering the Queen 's entire life , and with new actors being cast every two seasons . Claire Foy portrays the Queen in the first two seasons , alongside Matt Smith as Prince Philip and Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret . Filming for the series takes place at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood , Hertfordshire , with location shooting at various locations throughout the United Kingdom . The entire first season was released on Netflix November 4 , 2016 . Its reception was overwhelmingly positive , with critics praising cast performances , direction , writing , cinematography , production values , and the relatively accurate historical accounts of Queen Elizabeth 's reign . Significant praise was directed towards the performances of Foy in the leading role and John Lithgow as Winston Churchill , and Foy received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress and Lithgow the Best Actor at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards , among other accolades , including at the 74th Golden Globe Awards and the 7th Critics ' Choice Television Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f715b6b656a3b2aa62a791b3dc54f03e", "text": "Astral crown The Astral Crown is a gold crown surmounted with eight low points . The centrals and laterals points are topped with a star , with an unspecified number of points , between two wings . In heraldry , an astral crown is mounted atop the shields of coats of arms of units belonging to some air forces or the personal arms of its distinguished commanders . Its creation became necessary after the founding of the Royal Air Force in the UK , because there was no Roman military award device for Aerial warfare equivalent to the Naval crown for navies and the Camp crown for armies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187c4140abf5905d0515b92e5d37b6b2", "text": "Camelot (TV series) Camelot is a 2011 historical-fantasy-drama television series which premiered on 1 April 2011 . It was co-produced by the Starz cable network and GK-TV which began production during the summer of 2010 . The series , based on the Arthurian legend , was produced by Graham King , Morgan O'Sullivan and Michael Hirst . A special preview showing of the pilot episode `` Homecoming '' was aired on Starz Friday night , 25 February 2011 . On 30 June 2011 Starz announced it was not going to order new seasons of Camelot , citing significant production challenges , predominantly scheduling conflicts with some members of the cast , including Joseph Fiennes , Jamie Campbell Bower and Eva Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7c20c2c8f085a4b20b852f280c38c0", "text": "Crown for Christmas Crown for Christmas is a 2015 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Danica McKellar , Rupert Penry-Jones . The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 27 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf196279866a8cee95fc2ecc5879c141", "text": "The Duke of Edinburgh's Award The Duke of Edinburgh 's Award ( commonly abbreviated DofE ) , is the generic name for a youth awards programme founded in the United Kingdom in 1956 by Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , that has since expanded to 144 nations . The awards recognise adolescents and young adults for completing a series of self-improvement exercises modelled on Kurt Hahn 's solution to the `` Six Declines of Modern Youth '' . In the United Kingdom the programme is run by The Duke of Edinburgh 's Award , a royal charter corporation . A separate entity , The Duke of Edinburgh 's International Award Foundation , promotes the award abroad and acts as a coordinating body for award sponsors in other nations , which are organised into 62 National Award Authorities and a number of Independent Operators . Award sponsors in countries outside the United Kingdom may title their awards Duke of Edinburgh 's Awards , though the recognition also operates under a variety of other names in countries without a historic link to the British monarchy , or that have severed such links .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbee568cdef1e9b17ad19cff7b350796", "text": "Stirling Prize The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture . It is named after the architect James Stirling , organised and awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects ( RIBA ) . The RIBA Stirling Prize is presented to `` the architects of the building that has made the greatest contribution to the evolution of architecture in the past year . '' The architects must be RIBA members , but the building can be anywhere in the European Union . Stirling Prize laureates receive a stipend of GB # 20,000 . The award was founded in 1996 , and is considered to be the most prestigious architecture award in the United Kingdom . It is publicised as the architectural equivalent of the Booker Prize ( literature ) and Turner Prize ( visual arts ) . The highest profile architectural award in British culture , the presentation ceremony is televised by Channel 4 and the prize is sponsored by the Architects ' Journal . Six short-listed buildings are chosen from a long-list of buildings that have received a RIBA Award . These awards are given to buildings showing `` high architectural standards and substantial contribution to the local environment '' . In addition to the RIBA Stirling Prize , five other awards are given to buildings on the long-list . In 2015 they consist of : the RIBA National Award , the RIBA Regional Award , the Manser Medal , the Stephen Lawrence Prize and the RIBA Client of the Year Award . For years prior to 1996 , the award was known as the `` Building of the Year Award '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ad6e47c797dabda2112edea2d965e1b", "text": "British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme The British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme , or BAFTA TV Award for Best International , is an award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to outstanding achievements in foreign TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df7a41dbbbd1af7b4f93d8c6ea717fcf", "text": "Attorney General for England and Wales Her Majesty 's Attorney General for England and Wales , usually known simply as the Attorney General , is one of the Law Officers of the Crown . Along with the subordinate Solicitor General for England and Wales , the Attorney General serves as the chief legal adviser of the Crown and its government in England and Wales . The current Attorney General is Jeremy Wright , MP . The position of Attorney General existed since at least 1243 , when records show a professional attorney was hired to represent the King 's interests in court . The position first took on a political role in 1461 when the holder of the office was summoned to the House of Lords to advise the government there on legal matters . In 1673 the Attorney General officially became the Crown 's adviser and representative in legal matters , although still specialising in litigation rather than advice . The beginning of the twentieth century saw a shift away from litigation and more towards legal advice . Today prosecutions are carried out by the Crown Prosecution Service and most legal advice to government departments is provided by the Government Legal Service , both under the supervision of the Attorney General . The job of the Attorney General is a demanding one , and Sir Patrick Hastings wrote while serving that `` to be a law officer is to be in hell '' . Duties include superintending the Crown Prosecution Service , the Serious Fraud Office , and other government lawyers with the authority to prosecute cases . Additionally , the Attorney General superintends the Government Legal Department ( formerly the Treasury Solicitor 's Department ) , HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate , The Service Prosecuting Authority and the strategic body , the National Fraud Authority . The Attorney advises the government , individual government departments and individual government ministers on legal matters , answering questions in Parliament and bringing `` unduly lenient '' sentences and points of law to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales . Since the passing of the Law Officers Act 1997 duties can be delegated to the Solicitor General , and any actions are treated as if they came from the Attorney General .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c528383333e9cc4a9ae676e8a9860bb2", "text": "CBC Film Festival CBC Film Festival is a Canadian feature film television series which aired on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b952be9977c135e8c98dbbbdf16134", "text": "British Academy Television Awards 2010 The 2010 British Academy Television Awards were held on 6 June 2010 . The nominations were announced on 10 May . This year new awards were added including the award for Best Actor/Actress in a Supporting Role . Graham Norton hosted the ceremony . Winners are in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4cb635e90a26032ac7e15a3e0102454", "text": "POV (TV series) POV ( also written P.O.V. ) is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) public television series which features independent nonfiction films . POV is an initialism for point of view . POV is the longest-running showcase on television for independent documentary films . PBS presents 14 -- 16 POV programs each year , and the series has premiered over 400 films to U.S. television audiences since 1988 . POVs films have a strong first-person , social-issue focus . Many established directors , including Michael Moore , Jonathan Demme , Terry Zwigoff , Errol Morris , Albert and David Maysles , Michael Apted , Frederick Wiseman , Marlon Riggs , and Ross McElwee have had work screened as part of the POV series . The series has garnered both critical and industry acclaim over its almost 30 years on television . POV films have won every major film and broadcasting award including 34 Emmys , 19 George Foster Peabody Awards , 12 Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Broadcast Journalism Awards , three Academy Awards , the first-ever George Polk Documentary Film Award and the Prix Italia . It is a project of the independent non-profit , American Documentary , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f42a821ad937e0b770b4187c4ac3f7", "text": "Douglas I. Foy Douglas I. Foy ( born c. 1947 ) is a founder and CEO of Serrafix , a strategic consulting firm focused on environmental , energy , transportation , and climate change issues . Among other matters , Serrafix is helping dozens of cities across America -- ranging in size from New York to Pittsfield ( MA ) -- develop and implement large-scale energy efficiency and building retrofit programs . Serrafix also works with the Secretaries of Transportation in 18 states to reform their practices relating to fiscal and environmental sustainability . Prior to launching Serrafix in 2006 , Foy served as the first Secretary of Commonwealth Development in the administration of Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney . In leading this `` super-Secretariat '' , Foy oversaw the agencies of Transportation , Housing , Environment , and Energy , with combined annual capital budgets of $ 5 billion , operating budgets of $ 500 million , and a total workforce of more than 11,000 . These four agencies are responsible for all infrastructure ( other than schools ) in the Commonwealth , including roads , bridges , transit , parks , sewers , water supply , energy , and housing . During his government service , Foy 's agencies developed Massachusetts ' first comprehensive transportation plan ( with an emphasis on transit and fix-it-first ) ; the nation 's most comprehensive climate action plan ; and numerous programs , policies , and investments to promote sustainable development and smart growth throughout Massachusetts . Before his service in the Romney administration , Foy served for 25 years as the President and CEO of the Conservation Law Foundation , New England 's premier environmental advocacy organization . Among its hundreds of prominent cases , CLF lawsuits forced the cleanup of Boston Harbor , prevented offshore oil drilling on the prime fishing grounds of Georges Bank , banned off-road vehicles from the beaches and dunes of the Cape Cod National Seashore , prevented the construction of the Seabrook 2 nuclear power plant , and dramatically reduced childhood lead poisoning throughout the region . CLF had offices in all six New England states . Foy currently serves on the corporate boards of Ameresco ( NYSE ) , Acumentrics ( fuel cells ) , GreenerU ( college and university climate programs ) , and RainBank ( rainwater harvesting ) ; the non-profit boards of the Ocean Genome Legacy Foundation , Pioneer Institute , and Conservation Law Foundation ; and the National Transportation Policy Project of the Bipartisan Policy Center . Foy also serves as a Legal Advisor to the nonprofit Fuel Freedom Foundation . In 1992 President George H.W. Bush recognized Foy 's work on energy efficiency with the President 's Environmental and Conservation Challenge Award , the country 's highest conservation award . In 2006 , Foy was named the recipient of the national Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service from the Woodrow Wilson Center , the nation 's memorial to President Wilson . Foy also received from Princeton University , his alma mater , its highest honor bestowed on a graduate , the Woodrow Wilson award , for his public interest achievements . In 2009 , the Queen of England bestowed on Foy the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) . Mr. Foy , a member of the 1968 USA Olympic Rowing Team and the 1969 USA National Rowing Team , graduated from Princeton University as a University Scholar in engineering and physics , attended Cambridge University in England as a Churchill Scholar in geophysics , and graduated from Harvard Law School .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4def5e099945f11d0c03ba766de43c96", "text": "Cindy McCain Cindy Lou Hensley McCain ( born May 20 , 1954 ) is an American businesswoman , philanthropist , and humanitarian , and the wife of long-time United States Senator and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain of Arizona . She was born and raised in Phoenix , Arizona , as the daughter of wealthy beer distributor Jim Hensley . After receiving bachelor 's and master 's degrees from the University of Southern California , she became a special education teacher . She married John McCain in 1980 and the couple moved to Arizona in 1981 , where her husband would be elected to the United States Congress the following year and has been in office since then . The couple had three children together , in addition to adopting another . From 1988 to 1995 , she founded and operated a nonprofit organization , the American Voluntary Medical Team , which organized trips by medical personnel to disaster-stricken or war-torn third-world areas . During this time , she became addicted to painkillers for several years and resorted to having a physician write illegal prescriptions on her behalf . She reached an agreement with the government in which no charges were filed against her . Upon her father 's death in 2000 , she inherited majority control and became chair of Hensley & Co. , one of the largest Anheuser-Busch beer distributors in the United States . She participated in both of her husband 's presidential campaigns and , in 2008 , drew both positive and negative scrutiny for her appearance , demeanor , wealth , spending habits , and financial obligations . She continues to be an active philanthropist and serves on the boards of Operation Smile , Eastern Congo Initiative , CARE and HALO Trust , frequently making overseas trips in conjunction with their activities . During the 2010s she has become prominent in the fight against human trafficking .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "30b63da94b7772f3dabe03856b08ea0e", "text": "Cindy Vandor Cindy Vandor ( Cindy Druss ) was born on May 11 , 1955 . After graduating from Northwestern University with a degree in journalism , she went on to Washington , D.C. where she handled production duties for The Today Show , NBC Nightly News , and NBC News Updates . She also reported for NBC 's all-news radio station . There , she attracted the notice of the Independent Television News Association which hired her to cover Capitol Hill , and later , The White House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a402ad8ca126907778e9a327b87029f", "text": "Straight Talk America Straight Talk America is a political action committee and intercampaign outreach vehicle created by Sen. John McCain . Originally formed during McCain 's 2000 bid for the Republican presidential nomination , it was revived again in 2005 , and then retired in 2007 as he announced his formal bid for the presidency in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29686c88ce6f72cbd98d8cc1c7691df", "text": "Cindy Bruna Cindy Bruna ( born ) is a French model . She has an Italian father and a Congolese mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a68e0954f4c82c7c5ab9fab9a74cd15", "text": "Tim Hutchinson Young Timothy `` Tim '' Hutchinson ( born August 11 , 1949 ) is an American Republican politician who is a former United States senator from the state of Arkansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3545711a2cc397152d720dce6c11dfee", "text": "John McCain presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of John McCain , the United States Senator from Arizona , began in September 1999 . He announced his run for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election . McCain was the main challenger to Texas Governor George W. Bush , who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment . McCain staged an upset win in the February 2000 New Hampshire primary , capitalizing on a message of political reform and `` straight talk '' that appealed to moderate Republican and independent voters and to the press . McCain 's momentum was halted when Bush won the South Carolina primary later that month , in a contest that became famous for its bitter nature and an underground smear campaign run against McCain . McCain won some subsequent primaries , but after the March 2000 Super Tuesday contests he was well behind in delegates and withdrew . He grudgingly endorsed Bush two months later and made occasional appearances for him during the general election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d1f8403b3e0d08616505be1d2a23cd", "text": "Imperial Klans of America The Imperial Klans of America , Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist paramilitary organization styled after the original Ku Klux Klan ( KKK ) . In 2008 , it was reported that the IKA had the nation 's second largest KKK membership . The IKA , headed by Ron Edwards , claims to be the sixth era of the Ku Klux Klan . Members of the 6th era , like members of previous eras , claim constitutional rights as part of the `` Unorganized Militia '' . The IKA claims to stand upon Supreme Court decisions in favor of previous Klans . They are headquartered near Dawson Springs , Kentucky and claim external Imperial Klan offices in Australia , Canada , England , Scotland , and South Africa , as well as throughout Europe and South America . In 2011 , a recurring hoax concerning the IKA endorsing Barack Obama was once again exposed as a farce based on a parody website 's humorous reporting . In fact , in 2008 , Ron Edwards was quoted as supporting John McCain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1410581078ab9a3b155bcd62f5e4426a", "text": "Gwen Graham Gwendolyn `` Gwen '' Graham ( born January 31 , 1963 ) is an American lawyer , politician and member of the Democratic Party who is the former U.S. Representative for from 2015 to 2017 . She is the daughter of Bob Graham , a former United States Senator and former Governor of Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3a3be501735f3c28ad777d7304685e4", "text": "Iowa Chicken The Iowa Chicken was a person in a chicken suit who followed John McCain and Rudy Giuliani around Iowa during the 2008 American presidential race , carrying a sign that read `` You ` Bawk ` ed at the Straw Poll ! '' This was done to both protest and bring attention to the fact that neither candidate competed in the Iowa Straw Poll . In the past , all Republican candidates have competed in the Straw Poll , and McCain and Giuliani 's decisions not to attend represented a break from tradition . The identity of the Iowa Chicken has not been revealed , but he or she follows an American campaign tradition , including such precedents as 2000 's Corn Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "110ae1cb05d563ba1a6289b3dd52ce81", "text": "Jeff Hatch-Miller Jeff Hatch-Miller served as the Executive Director of the Arizona State Lottery from 2009 to 2015 , the longest term of service of any chief executive officer to date . Under his leadership , Arizona Lottery ticket sales increased by nearly $ 260 million , over 50 % , and the Arizona Lottery ranked in the top 10 nationally for percentage increases in sales each year . Hatch-Miller served on the Arizona Corporation Commission from 2003 until 2009 , and as Chairman during 2005 and 2006 . His leadership as Chairman was a key reason the Arizona Corporation Commission was considered one of the most competent and effective commissions in state history . As a member of the Arizona Corporation Commission , Jeff Hatch-Miller , worked to decrease investment fraud and to increase public awareness of `` investment scams . '' In the Commission 's role as regulator of public utilities ( electricity , water , natural gas , telecommunications ) he led the fight for reliable service , affordable rates , and protection of personal information held by the utility . Before his election to the Corporation Commission in 2002 , Hatch-Miller served in the Arizona House of Representatives for two terms ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , chairing the House Energy , Utilities and Technology Committee . Hatch-Miller was known from his straightforward , inclusionary style of addressing public policy issues . He was honored as national `` Freshman Legislator of the Year 2000 '' by the National Republican Legislators Association . Technologically knowledgeable , Jeff Hatch-Miller led the way to putting Arizona government on the Internet . As a Legislator Hatch-Miller also worked to lower gasoline prices , bringing in petroleum company leaders , energy experts , and gasoline deals to find ways to decrease gasoline prices . He championed efforts in Arizona , and in Washington D.C. , that eventually led to the adoption of the `` Do Not Call List '' , one of the most popular programs offered by government , an important step toward stopping the majority of unwanted telemarketing calls . He lives with his wife , Anita Hatch-Miller , in Scottsdale , Arizona . His son , Mark Hatch-Miller is an attorney in private practice in New York , and his son Robert Hatch-Miller lives and works in New York City as a documentary filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b9d4003270f82d2847fcb430395fb55", "text": "Cindy Chupack Cindy Chupack is a screenwriter who has won three Golden Globes and two Emmys for her work as a writer/executive producer of HBO 's Sex and the City and writer/co-executive producer of ABC 's Modern Family . Several episodes she penned -- namely , Sex and the Citys `` Evolution '' , `` Attack of the 5 ' 10 '' Woman '' , `` Just Say Yes '' , `` Plus One is the Loneliest Number '' , `` I Love a Charade '' , and `` Splat ! '' , and Modern Familys `` Little Bo Bleep '' -- were individually nominated for Writer 's Guild and/or Emmy awards . Chupack also worked on Everybody Loves Raymond as a writer/co-executive producer . In May 2010 , NBC announced it had commenced production of Love Bites , a television series created by Chupack for the NBC network . Her first book , The Between Boyfriends Book , was published by St. Martin 's Press . Her second book , a comic memoir about marriage entitled The Longest Date : Life as a Wife , was published by Viking in January 2014 . She has also written humorous essays for The New York Times , Real Simple , Harper 's Bazaar , People , Allure , Slate , and Glamour . Chupack is from Tulsa , Oklahoma . She received a journalism degree from Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144cd8e4b954a7d8da9c841f68272cab", "text": "Fatherhood USA Fatherhood USA is a three-part mini-series originally broadcast nationally on PBS in 1998 . It was produced and directed by Marion Lipschutz and Rose Rosenblatt of Incite Pictures . The program , hosted by Senator Bill Bradley , seeks to dispel common stereotypes of fatherhood , and examine how fathers are able to build strong relationships with their children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a46f10f4c0fa902e532cfeaa3573b193", "text": "Civil Forum on the Presidency The Civil Forum on the Presidency was the venue of back-to-back interviews of U.S. presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama by pastor Rick Warren on August 16 , 2008 , at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8bc7561cd21abe37928cbee8755339", "text": "Betty Kennedy Betty Margaret Hannah Kennedy , ( January 4 , 1926 -- March 20 , 2017 ) was a Canadian broadcaster , journalist , author , and Senator , who is best known for her work on radio and television . Born and raised in Ottawa , Ontario , the daughter of Walter Herbert Styran and Janet Kincaid ( McPhee ) Styran , Kennedy graduated from Lisgar Collegiate Institute , and began her career with the Ottawa Citizen . She became a broadcaster , as a host of a local radio show , during a newspaper strike . She was soon hired away by CFRB in Toronto where she became host of The Betty Kennedy Show in 1959 ; the daily interview and public affairs show remained on the air for 27 years with Kennedy interviewing 25,000 guests ranging from Pierre Trudeau to Debbie Reynolds . In 1962 , she joined the panel of the current affairs quiz show Front Page Challenge on CBC Television , remaining with the show until it went off the air in 1995 . She wrote two books : Gerhard : A love story ( 1975 ) , about her late first husband , and Hurricane Hazel ( 1979 ) . Kennedy also had a vital career as an Executive Producer for television . Her series , Insight with Betty Kennedy , aired on TV Ontario ( OECA ) during the early 1970s . Robert Gardner , who worked with Kennedy as a studio director on the series , said of her : `` She was remarkable . We would tape five half hour interviews live-to-tape in a single day . She would prep each of the sessions with very prominent guests and would flawlessly interview them . Often there was only a space of fifteen minutes between each program . There were no re-takes and not a single chance for error . '' She also executive-produced Leave this Not to Cain ( narrated by Pierre Berton ) , This Vibrant Land , and she hosted An Eye for Eternity ( the international fine arts exhibition at Montreal ) . Kennedy 's first husband , businessman Gerhard Kennedy , died of cancer in 1975 . Her second husband was G. Allan Burton ( 1915 -- 2002 ) , CEO and Chairman of now defunct Simpsons department stores . She was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien on June 20 , 2000 . She retired less than six months later on her 75th birthday . Kennedy resided in Campbellville , Ontario , near Milton , Ontario with Burton . Kennedy died on March 20 , 2017 , aged 91 . Kennedy was named to both the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame and the Canadian News Hall of Fame and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c485965412c2e8661f5cb749d91b58", "text": "Herding Cats: A Life in Politics Herding Cats : A Life in Politics is a book written by U.S. Senator Trent Lott , a Republican from Mississippi . Published by HarperCollins Publishers , Inc. on August 23 , 2005 , the book spans 320 pages . The major points of the book are Lott 's childhood in Grenada and Pascagoula , Mississippi , including his struggles with his alcoholic father ; his election to Congress ; his years in the House of Representatives during the Nixon , Carter , and Reagan administrations ( including his service as Minority Whip in that body ) ; and his service in the Senate , especially his service as Majority Leader during the Clinton and Bush Administrations . He recounts the formative events of his youth and the stories from his political life . From his decision to support Gerald Ford over Ronald Reagan in the 1976 Republican primary to his working partnership with Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle during the Clinton impeachment and the September 11 attacks in 2001 , Lott traces the inner workings of congressional life . One major focus of the book is the comments Lott made at the birthday party of Sen. Strom Thurmond in 2002 and the subsequent intense media coverage , which eventually led to his resignation as the Senate Majority Leader in December 2002 . Lott names several figures who he believes orchestrated his downfall , including members of President George W. Bush 's administration , such as then-Secretary of State , Colin Powell , and former Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) head Joe Allbaugh ( who Lott claims has admitted that he intended to bring Lott down as Majority Leader ) ; as well as the successor to Lott as Majority Leader , Sen. Bill Frist . Lott suggests that his forced resignation was a `` strategic plan '' devised by Bush and others who wanted Frist to take his place , since Frist supported key White House policies like the Medicare expansion , which Lott opposed . Lott notes , however , that his response to the Thurmond controversy played poorly in the media . Lott wrote in the book that Frist betrayed him by not telling him about Frist 's decision to run for majority leader beforehand . Lott says he took Frist as his protégé , as Frist had no political/public experience when he was first elected to the Senate . Some suggested that Lott 's book , which portrayed Frist in a negative light , was designed to impede Frist 's possible presidential campaign , but Frist did not run . Lott indicated in the book that he had repaired his relationship with Frist to some extent . Lott also emphasizes his years as Majority Whip in the House and his years as Majority Leader in the Senate , where Lott claims to have built an efficient vote-getting organization and played a key role in several legislative accomplishments , including the Reagan-era budget cuts and tax cuts , and welfare reform and the tobacco settlement during the Clinton years . This emphasis may tie into Lott 's ambition to rejoin the Senate Republican Leadership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f862db2271d58e90f7535e42abcebf7", "text": "McCain Foods McCain Foods Limited is a Canadian multi-national privately owned company that was established in 1957 in Florenceville , New Brunswick , Canada . It is one of the world 's largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and other potato specialties . It is also held as one of Canada 's best managed companies with a platinum status recognizing their business performance and efforts throughout their organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7348b10a2a046a6b19c164a79d5639a", "text": "Swift Vets and POWs for Truth Swift Vets and POWs for Truth , formerly known as the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth ( SBVT ) , was a political group ( 527 group ) of United States Swift boat veterans and former prisoners of war of the Vietnam War , formed during the 2004 presidential election campaign for the purpose of opposing John Kerry 's candidacy for the presidency . The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative `` swiftboating '' , to describe an unfair or untrue political attack . The group disbanded and ceased operations on May 31 , 2008 . SBVT asserted that Kerry was `` unfit to serve '' as President based upon his alleged `` willful distortion of the conduct '' of American servicemen during that war , and his alleged `` withholding and/or distortion of material facts '' as to his own conduct during that war . SBVT stated that `` Kerry 's phony war crimes charges , his exaggerated claims about his own service in Vietnam , and his deliberate misrepresentation of the nature and effectiveness of Swift boat operations compel us to step forward . '' The group challenged the legitimacy of each of the combat medals awarded to Kerry by the U.S. Navy and the disposition of his discharge . ( See John Kerry military service controversy . ) Further , SBVT said that Kerry 's later criticism of the war was a `` betrayal of trust '' with other soldiers , and that by his activism he had caused direct `` harm '' to soldiers still at war . These claims caused tremendous controversy during the election , particularly because most of the organization 's members had not been in a place to assess Kerry , while most of the Vietnam veterans who had served with him supported Kerry 's version of events . Registered under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code , SBVT publicized its criticisms of Kerry during the election campaign in a book , in television advertisements that the group ran in swing states and in the media coverage some members received . The group was the subject of several complaints to the Federal Election Commission ( FEC ) . After the election , the group was credited by media and praised by conservatives as contributing to Kerry 's defeat . The group 's tactics are considered an example of a successful political smear campaign for its widely publicized and later discredited claims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75b78f3c5ff4bb35fa5400c58246bf4", "text": "72 Things Younger Than John McCain 72 Things Younger Than John McCain is a book by American blogger Joe Quint . The book lists items from popular culture that were invented after John McCain 's birth in 1936 , including nachos , Social Security , chocolate chip cookies , duct tape and ZIP codes . 72 Things Younger Than John McCain also includes people who are younger than McCain , even though the reader might believe them to be older . Quint used the book to show how the age of a candidate was more relevant to their success as President of the United States than gender or race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "699ab3c0fce9fb2f82a12d46273c5235", "text": "Paul Thurmond Paul Reynolds Thurmond ( born January 9 , 1976 ) is an American politician from the state of South Carolina . A member of the Republican Party , Thurmond is a former member of the South Carolina Senate . His father , Strom Thurmond , served in the United States Senate for 48 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f9c2a7999ec5e66778e48c10b25f9c5", "text": "Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky was the national press secretary for U.S. Senator John McCain 's ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . Opinsky has been widely quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics . Currently , Opinsky is executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C. office of Weber Shandwick . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world 's best known brands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f838809d2a57212caafd5c6a5123933f", "text": "Cindy Stumpo Cindy Stumpo is an American entrepreneur and residential contractor . She is the founder of C. Stumpo Development , a privately owned custom home builder and developer based in eastern Massachusetts . Stumpo and her work have been featured in numerous national publications , including Forbes Magazine calling her one of the most successful residential contractors in Massachusetts . Her work in construction led her to a pilot show with HGTV called Tough As Nails .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "85c823a7262f58ed2cca33fc9157ee20", "text": "Netherlands The Netherlands , ( -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân ) also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ( collectively known as G4 ) . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland . `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas ( polders ) have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 ( January 2017 ) if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage . The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders . The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "22dd0a2bf3c833d3b9c85784e38d9be6", "text": "Supreme Court of the Netherlands The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ( Hoge Raad der Nederlanden -LSB- ˈɦoːɣə raːdɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə ( n ) -RSB- , literally `` High Council of the Netherlands '' ) is one of the highest courts of the Netherlands , Curaçao , Sint Maarten and Aruba . The Court was established on 1 October 1838 and sits in The Hague , Netherlands . The Court has exclusive final jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters . In certain administrative cases it has final jurisdiction as well , while in other cases this jurisdiction rests with the adjudicative division of the Council of State , the Central Appeals Tribunal , the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal as well as judicial institutions in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The Court is a court of cassation , which means that it has the competence to quash or affirm rulings of lower courts , but no competence to re-examine or question the facts . It only considers whether the lower courts applied the law correctly and the rulings have sufficient reasoning . In so doing it establishes case law . According to Article 120 of the Constitution , courts may not rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by the States General and treaties . With the exception of constitutional Court of Sint Maarten courts ( which rules on constitutionality with regards to the Sint Maarten constitution only ) have thus no competence for judicial review with respect to the Constitution . The Supreme Court currently consists of 36 judges : a president , 6 vice-presidents , 25 justices ( , literally `` Lords of the Council '' ) and 4 justices in exceptional service . All judges are appointed for life , until they retire at their own request or mandatorily at the age of 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d54c4955a269bbb36e514425fcbd95", "text": "Political parties in Belgium Belgium is a federal state with a multi-party political system , with numerous parties who factually have no chance of gaining power alone , and therefore must work with each other to form coalition governments . Almost all Belgian political parties are divided into linguistic groups , either Dutch-speaking parties ( see also political parties in Flanders ) , Francophone parties or Germanophone parties . The Flemish parties operate in Flanders and in the Brussels-Capital Region . The Francophone parties operate in Wallonia and in the Brussels-Capital Region . There are also parties operating in the comparatively small German-speaking community . No party family has a realistic chance of winning enough seats to govern alone , let alone win an outright majority . Political parties are thus organised along community lines , especially for the three main communities . There are no representative parties active in both communities . Even in Brussels , all parties presenting candidates are either Flemish parties , or French-speaking . As such , the internal organisation of the political parties reflects the fundamentally dual nature of Belgian society . There are no significant parties left who exist , or operate on a national , Belgian level . From the creation of the Belgian state in 1830 and throughout most of the 19th century , two political parties dominated Belgian politics : the Catholic Party ( Church-oriented and conservative ) and the Liberal Party ( anti-clerical and progressive ) . In the late 19th century the Labour Party arose to represent the emerging industrial working class . These three groups still dominate Belgian politics , but they have evolved substantially in character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6929d544249fbf3269aa4a664ff7b2", "text": "Kingdom of Holland The Kingdom of Holland ( Koninkrijk Holland , Royaume de Hollande ) was set up by Napoléon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother , Louis Bonaparte , in order to better control the Netherlands . The name of the leading province , Holland , was now taken for the whole country . In 1807 Prussian East Frisia and Jever were added to the kingdom but in 1809 , after a British invasion , Holland had to give over all territories south of the river Rhine to France . Also in 1809 , Dutch forces fighting on the French side participated in defeating the anti-Bonapartist German rebellion led by Ferdinand von Schill , at the Battle of Stralsund . King Louis did not perform to Napoleon 's expectations -- he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother 's -- and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810 after which the Netherlands were annexed by France until 1813 . The Kingdom of Holland covered the area of the present-day Netherlands , with the exception of Limburg , and parts of Zeeland , which were French territory , and with the addition of East Frisia , in present-day Germany . It was the first formal monarchy in the Netherlands since 1581 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd1413534a049817cac43469802a84", "text": "Sint Maarten Sint Maarten ( -LSB- sɪnt ˈmaːrtə ( n ) -RSB- ) is an island country in the Caribbean . It is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . With a population of 33,609 on an area of 34 km2 , it encompasses the southern 40 % of the divided island of Saint Martin , while the northern 60 % of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin . Its capital is Philipsburg . Before 10 October 2010 , Sint Maarten was known as the Island Territory of Sint Maarten ( Eilandgebied Sint Maarten ) , and was one of five island territories ( eilandgebieden ) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87a33fd4fcf62ef2dcae5c21b15f8531", "text": "Vlieland Vlieland ( -LSB- ˈvlilɑnt -RSB- ; Flylân ) is a municipality and island in the northern Netherlands . The municipality of Vlieland has only one major town : Oost-Vlieland ( West Frisian : East-Flylân ) . It is the second-least densely populated municipality in the Netherlands ( after Schiermonnikoog ) . Vlieland is one of the West Frisian Islands , lying in the Wadden Sea . It is the second island from the west in the chain , lying between Texel and Terschelling . The island was permanently separated from the mainland in St. Lucia 's flood in 1287 . Vlieland was named after the Vlie , the seaway between it and Terschelling that was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59e3bf2d3c3d96c9119f085f9d7b184", "text": "Drechtsteden The Drechtsteden ( Dutch for `` Drecht cities '' ) are a number of towns and cities bordering each other in the delta area of the rivers Oude Maas , Noord , and Beneden-Merwede in the province of South Holland , Netherlands . These cooperate in the Gemeenschappelijke Regeling Drechtsteden ( `` joint arrangement Drechtsteden '' ) , which performs common tasks for the municipalities in the field of economy , development , culture , and social assistance . Collectively , a little more than 250,000 people call one of the towns and cities of Drechtsteden home . The associated towns and cities are : Alblasserdam Dordrecht Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht Papendrecht Sliedrecht Zwijndrecht The name `` Drechtsteden '' was chosen because the name of several of the associated cities and towns ends in the suffix - drecht ( meaning : place where ships are pulled or carried across the land ) . It is also an informal name for the area . Nearby Barendrecht , a suburb of Rotterdam , is not part of the association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c7182e905effe26d515d29a89610b1d", "text": "Geography of Sweden Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula . It borders Norway to the west ; Finland to the northeast ; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the east and south . Sweden has a long coastline on the eastern side and the Scandinavian mountain chain ( Skanderna ) on the western border , a range that separates Sweden from Norway . It has maritime borders with Denmark , Germany , Poland , Russia , Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia , and it is also linked to Denmark ( southwest ) by the Öresund Bridge . At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the 56th largest country in the world . It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dfbad97668d3ce1ec91e6972abb1eb7", "text": "Oss Oss ( -LSB- ɔs -RSB- ) is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands , in the province of North Brabant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedb4667277b97eca9f90546b6f327a5", "text": "Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , '' a reputation strengthened by both world wars . Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region . A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments . Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbb8ef3eaed79dd6b70f0a439b63e906", "text": "Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws . The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72cb7ebaf1825391254151fa9304e136", "text": "Belgium–Netherlands relations Belgian -- Dutch relations refer to interstate relations between the Belgium and the Netherlands . It can be seen as one of the closest international relationships in existence , marked by shared history , culture , institutions and language , extensive people-to-people links , aligned security interests , sporting tournaments and vibrant trade and investment cooperation . Relations were established after Belgium became independent from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839 . Both nations are great allies with cultural similarities and close cooperation between both governments . Dutch , known in Belgium as Flemish , is the most-spoken language in both countries . Approximately 35,000 Belgian nationals live in the Netherlands , while there are around 111,000 Dutch nationals in Belgium . Thanks to their shared history and the Dutch language , the Netherlands and Belgium have strong cultural ties . In 1980 , the two countries set up the Dutch Language Union to encourage greater cooperation in the field of Dutch language and literature . The Union offers services including language tools like dictionaries and a language advice service , education in and about Dutch , literature and reading skills , and activities promoting the Dutch language in Europe and the rest of the world . The Union also works to showcase the two countries ' shared cultural heritage . Belgium has an embassy in The Hague and consulates in Amsterdam , Maastricht , Nijmegen , Roosendaal , Rotterdam , Terneuzen , Vlissingen and Winsum , while the Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and consulates in Antwerp , Ghent , Liège and Namur . Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO and , together with Luxembourg , form the Low Countries and the Benelux economic union . Many television programmes are made mutually between the two countries , such as So You Think You Can Dance and Benelux ' Next Top Model . The two countries were joint hosts of the UEFA Euro 2000 football tournament and ( unfruitfully ) made a bid to host the 2018 World Cup football .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d86225b480ecae2e9685dc01d46043ae", "text": "Bulgaria–Netherlands relations Bulgarian-Dutch relations are foreign relations between Bulgaria and the Netherlands . Bulgaria has an embassy in The Hague . The Netherlands has an embassy in Sofia . Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d74887cb0b34ce63479d7b2cc391f9", "text": "List of ports in Belgium Belgium has four sea ports and a range of inland ports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc56024a5e8a0606a818fec895b29003", "text": "History of the Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language , that originated from the Old Frankish dialects . Among the words with which Dutch has enriched the English vocabulary are : brandy , coleslaw , cookie , cruiser , dock , easel , freight , landscape , spook , stoop , and yacht . Dutch is noteworthy as the language of an outstanding literature , but it also became important as the tongue of an enterprising people , who , though comparatively few in number , made their mark on the world community through trade and empire . Dutch is also among some of the earliest recorded languages of Europe . Countries that have Dutch as an official language are Belgium , the Netherlands , Suriname , Aruba and Curacao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6090529cc981bf824950ffc69ca23cdd", "text": "Oud-Beijerland Oud-Beijerland ( -LSB- ˌʌu̯d ˈbɛi̯ərlɑnt -RSB- ) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands , in the province of South Holland . With a population of in , it is the most populous municipality on the Hoeksche Waard island . The town is located adjacent to the confluence of the Oude Maas and Spui River . The municipality of Oud-Beijerland also includes the communities Vuurbaken and Zinkweg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39073ae34591dc5c10d8f3cc8d50c3c", "text": "Jan van Hooff (politician) Johan Frederik Rudolph `` Jan '' van Hooff ( 29 August 1755 -- 13 June 1816 , Utrecht ) was a Dutch Patriot politician and statesman . Van Hooff was born in Eindhoven in 1755 , to Martinus van Hooff ( co-mayor of the town ) and Anna Elisabeth Bols van Arendonck . He studied law , got his doctorate in law at Nancy and opened a law practice in Eindhoven . He was elected co-mayor of the town in 1786 . During his career he was mayor of Eindhoven , member of the First National Assembly , the Second National Assembly , the Executive Power and the Legislative Power . In 1786 he founded the Vaderlandse Sociëteit Concordia ( English : National Sciety Concordia ) together with Amandus van Moorsel ; this society was a social club in name , but a Patriot organization in reality . Several town notables joined this society . In 1787 Jan van Hoff and several other Eindhoven Patriots traveled to Utrecht to join the Patriot Army . This army was defeated by the Prussian Army , after which Van Hooff was arrested ( in October 1787 ) for his Patriottic activities , on the orders of the States-General of the Netherlands ; he was taken to The Hague and imprisoned . He was released shortly thereafter and returned to Eindhoven . However , he was re-arrested on 12 February 1788 ( in Eindhoven this time ) , but managed to escape . In 1789 there was a failed , pro-French rebellion in the Southern Netherlands . Fearing that the insurrection would spread to the Generality Lands , the States-General posted a garrison in Eindhoven ; Van Hooff left the town . In 1792 he was in Paris together with Herman Willem Daendels , where the French Republic had been proclaimed . He sought ( and received ) French support for the reparation of Batavian freedom ( Dutch : herstelling van de Bataafse vrijheid ) ; French troops arrived in Eindhoven on March 6 , 1793 and the freedom tree was planted in the town on that day . The French were subsequently pushed back by the Austrians , but took permanent possession of the town following the 1794 Battle of Fleurus . Van Hooff became a member of the Batavian Revolutionary Committee that year , but got into a conflict with Maximilien Robespierre . He was arrested on May 28 and imprisoned at the Paris Conciergerie . A clerical error in the spelling of his name saved Van Hooff from the guillotine and he was released again on October 29 . He remained in freedom until the coup of 22 January 1798 , after which he was arrested and imprisoned -- first at the Gevangenpoort in The Hague , later at the Palace Huis Ten Bosch . He was finally released on July 14 . He served as Minister for Justice and was a member of the State Council until 1810 . He then retired and spent the rest of his life as a citizen without office . He died without having been married . The city of Eindhoven commissioned Auke Hettema to make a statue of Van Hooff in 1981 . The statue is currently on the Markt in Eindhoven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c212d7b292ae8ada8f2ca97cf4b0b2", "text": "Hasselt Hasselt ( -LSB- ˈɦɑsəlt -RSB- ) is a Belgian city and municipality , and capital of the province of Limburg . The Hasselt municipality includes the original city of Hasselt , plus the old communes of Sint-Lambrechts-Herk , Wimmertingen , Kermt , Spalbeek , Kuringen , Stokrooie , Stevoort and Runkst , as well as the hamlets and parishes of Kiewit , Godsheide and Rapertingen . On 31 December 2007 Hasselt had a total population of 71,520 ( 34,951 men and 36,569 women ) . Both the Demer river and the Albert Canal run through the municipality . Hasselt is located in between the Campine region , north of the Demer river , and the Hesbaye region , to the south . It is also situated in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c62e60f569184594b85de4232ea63e", "text": "Westhoek Westhoek ( Dutch for `` west corner '' ) can refer to the following places : Westhoek ( region ) a historical region in western Belgium and northern France Westhoek , sometimes referred to as Westland , South Holland , the area around Hoek van Holland Westhoek , Friesland , a village in Het Bildt , Freisland , Netherlands Westhoek , North Brabant , a polder area near Willemstad ( North Brabant ) in Moerdijk , North Brabant , Belgium Westhoek , Schouwen-Duiveland , a hamlet in Schouwen-Duiveland , Zeeland , Netherlands Westhoek , Walcheren , a neighborhood in Veere , Zeeland , Netherlands", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018c4de5294a9d03cb8649f1fb3bf5fd", "text": "Afrikaans Afrikaans ( -LSB- ˌæfrᵻˈkɑːns , _ ˌɑːfri - , _ - ˈkɑːnts , _ - ˈkɑːnz -RSB- ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa , Namibia and , to a lesser extent , Botswana and Zimbabwe . It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland ( Hollandic dialect ) spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa , where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century . Hence , it is a daughter language of Dutch , and was previously referred to as `` Cape Dutch '' ( a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers ) or `` kitchen Dutch '' ( a derogatory term used to refer to Afrikaans in its earlier days ) . However , it is also variously described as a creole or as a partially creolised language.Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch ; see , , , , , . Afrikaans was historically called Cape Dutch ; see , , , , , . Afrikaans is rooted in seventeenth century dialects of Dutch ; see , , , . Afrikaans is variously described as a creole , a partially creolised language , or a deviant variety of Dutch ; see . The term is ultimately derived from Dutch Afrikaans-Hollands meaning `` African Dutch '' . It is the first language of most of the Afrikaners and Coloureds of Southern Africa . Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages , including Portuguese , the Bantu languages , Malay , German and the Khoisan languages , an estimated 90 to 95 % of Afrikaans vocabulary is of Dutch origin . Therefore , differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic morphology and grammar of Afrikaans , and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch . There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages -- especially in written form . With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa , or 13.5 % of the population , it is the third-most-spoken language in the country . It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the eleven official languages of South Africa , and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language . It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa -- the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape -- and the first language of 75.8 % of Coloured South Africans ( 3.4 million people ) , 60.8 % of White South Africans ( 2.7 million ) and at 4.6 % the second most spoken first-language among Asian South Africans ( 58,000 ) . About 1.5 % of black South Africans ( 600,000 people ) speak it as their first language . Large numbers of speakers of Bantu languages and English-speaking South Africans also speak it as their second language . It is taught in schools , with about 10.3 million second-language students . One reason for the expansion of Afrikaans is its development in the public realm : it is used in newspapers , radio programs , TV , and several translations of the Bible have been published since the first one was completed in 1933 . In neighbouring Namibia , Afrikaans is widely spoken as a second language and used as a lingua franca , while as a native language it is spoken in 10.4 % of households , mainly concentrated in the capital Windhoek , Walvis Bay , Swakopmund and the southern regions of Hardap and ǁKaras . It , along with German , was among the official languages of Namibia until the country became independent in 1990 , 25 % of the population of Windhoek spoke Afrikaans at home . Both Afrikaans and German survive as recognised regional languages in the country , although only English has official status within the government . Estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bce17270b6930d6be2b9bb3b826e57b8", "text": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. ( born Floyd Joy Sinclair ; February 24 , 1977 ) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2015 , and currently works as a boxing promoter . Widely considered to be one of the greatest boxers of all time , undefeated as a professional , and a five-division world champion , Mayweather won fifteen world titles and the lineal championship in four different weight classes ( twice at welterweight ) . As an amateur , he won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics . Mayweather is a two-time winner of The Ring magazine 's Fighter of the Year award ( 1998 and 2007 ) , a three-time winner of the Boxing Writers Association of America ( BWAA ) Fighter of the Year award ( 2007 , 2013 , and 2015 ) , and a six-time winner of the Best Fighter ESPY Award ( 2007 -- 2010 , 2012 -- 2014 ) . In 2016 , Mayweather was ranked by ESPN as the greatest boxer , pound for pound , of the last 25 years . In the same year , he peaked as BoxRec 's number one fighter of all time , pound for pound , as well as the greatest welterweight of all time . Many sporting news and boxing websites ranked Mayweather as the best boxer in the world , pound for pound , twice in a span of ten years ; including The Ring , Sports Illustrated , ESPN , BoxRec , Fox Sports , and Yahoo! Sports . He is also regarded as the best defensive boxer in the sport , as well as being the most accurate puncher since the existence of CompuBox , having the highest plus -- minus ratio in recorded boxing history . He finished his career with a record of 26 wins without a loss or draw in world title fights ( 10 by KO ) ; 23 wins ( 9 KOs ) in lineal title fights ; 24 wins ( 7 KOs ) against former or current world titlists ; 12 wins ( 3 KOs ) against former or current lineal champions ; and 2 wins ( 1 KO ) against International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees . In addition to his accomplishments in the ring , Mayweather is well known for being one of the most lucrative pay-per-view ( PPV ) attractions of all time , in any sport . He topped the Forbes and Sports Illustrated lists of the 50 highest-paid athletes of 2012 and 2013 respectively , and the Forbes list again in both 2014 and 2015 , listing him as the highest paid athlete in the world . In 2007 , he founded Mayweather Promotions , his own boxing promotional firm after defecting from Bob Arum 's Top Rank . Mayweather has generated approximately 19.5 million in PPV buys and $ 1.3 billion in revenue throughout his career , surpassing the likes of former top PPV attractions including Mike Tyson , Evander Holyfield , Lennox Lewis , Oscar De La Hoya , and Manny Pacquiao .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c7160842569103f1f8d003ef05bdcb1e", "text": "List of WSOF champions World Series of Fighting ( also known as `` WSOF '' ) is an American mixed martial arts promotion , and the following is a history of its champions in each weight class . As well as championship history for their International promotions WSOF : Canada and WSOF Global Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d5ee3e3ed18566b8524016e6829b9db", "text": "Bairoa Gym Bairoa Gym is a boxing gym located in Caguas , Puerto Rico . El gimnasio Bairoa , as it is known in Spanish , is the most famous boxing gym in Puerto Rico because of the list of world champions and top contenders who have trained there . World champions and well known boxers who have used this facility include Alfredo Escalera , Héctor Camacho , Julian Solís , Henry Bruseles , Juan Cruz , Alberto Mercado , Jesus Rojas , Javier Garcia , Jose Miguel Cotto , Juan Carazo , Miguel Cotto , Daniel Rosario , José Rodriguez , and many more . The gym was managed since the 1970s by Cuban trainer Julian Delgado , until Evangelista Cotto replaced him during the late 90s . Miguel Cotto became the gym 's first `` homegrown '' world champion when he conquered the WBO 's world Jr. . Welterweight title by knocking out Kelson Pinto of Brazil in six rounds in 2004 . Cotto built a career that included various world titles and fights with Antonio Margarito , Sergio Martinez , Manny Pacquiao , Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Saul Alvarez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd4a393e78f83187e757288d0deeabc6", "text": "Mayweather Promotions Mayweather Promotions , LLC is a boxing promotional firm founded by five-division world and eleven-time world champion Floyd Mayweather , Jr. in 2007 after a fallout with Bob Arum and Top Rank . Mayweather Promotions also promotes all forms of live entertainment including sporting events , live musical and theatrical events as well as film and television productions . Mayweather Promotions mainly co-promotes with rival firm Golden Boy Promotions . Leonard Ellerbe is the CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d75a0cdf9c279288400e1905b48671", "text": "List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2edcf166fcb7e7d646d1fc4a04dd1061", "text": "Miguel Cotto Miguel Ángel Cotto Vázquez ( born October 29 , 1980 ) , best known as Miguel Cotto , is a Puerto Rican professional boxer . He is a former five-time world champion , and the first boxer from Puerto Rico to have won world titles in four weight classes . As of May 2017 , Cotto is ranked as the world 's third best light middleweight by The Ring magazine , and fourth by BoxRec . In 2007 and 2009 he reached a peak pound for pound ranking of seventh by The Ring . As an amateur , Cotto represented Puerto Rico in the lightweight and light welterweight divisions at various international events , including the 1999 Pan American Games , the 2000 Olympics , and the 1998 Junior World Championships ; the latter in which he won a lightweight silver medal . Having begun his professional career in 2001 , Cotto defeated Kelson Pinto for the WBO light welterweight title in 2004 . He made six successful defenses before vacating the title to move up in weight . In his first welterweight fight , in 2006 , Cotto defeated Carlos Quintana for the vacant WBA title . He successfully defended it four times before a career first loss to Antonio Margarito in 2008 . The following year , Cotto won the vacant WBO welterweight title and defended it once before losing it to Manny Pacquiao in the same year . In 2010 , Cotto moved up another division to light middleweight and won the WBA title from Yuri Foreman . Having been promoted by the WBA to Super champion status , Cotto won a 2011 rematch against Antonio Margarito . In 2012 he lost the WBA ( Super ) title to Floyd Mayweather Jr. , in one of the most anticipated fights in modern boxing history . The year would end on a further sour note for Cotto , as he suffered an upset defeat to WBA ( Regular ) light middleweight champion Austin Trout . Two years later , Cotto defeated Sergio Martínez to win the unified WBC , Ring , and lineal middleweight titles . In doing so , he became the first four-weight world champion from Puerto Rico . In 2015 , he defended his titles once before losing to Canelo Álvarez . Cotto started out his career as a hard-hitting pressure fighter , but evolved over the years into a more refined boxer-puncher . He is considered to be one of the greatest boxers of his generation , as well as one of the very best from Puerto Rico , among the likes of Félix Trinidad , Wilfred Benítez , Héctor Camacho , Wilfredo Gómez , and Carlos Ortiz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c1f431c4fa5a1ee236eb5f1f5455017", "text": "Arthur Williams (boxer) Arthur `` King '' James Williams ( born November 12 , 1964 ) is a professional boxer ( 188 cm height ) . Williams became professional in 1989 and fell short in his first shot at a major championship title , a 1994 split-decision loss to Orlin Norris for the World Boxing Association Cruiserweight Title . Williams was knocked out in the third round in a rematch with Norris later that year . It was not until 1998 that Williams got another shot at a title belt , a 1998 bout with Imamu Mayfield for the International Boxing Federation Cruiserweight Title . Williams lost the belt in his first defense to cruiserweight phenom Vassiliy Jirov in a seventh-round knockout . Williams has since become more of a journeyman than a contender , and has lost in bouts against O'Neil Bell and Kelvin Davis . His current record is 47-17-1 with 30 KO 's . In 2010 , Williams defeated unbeaten Valente Tinajero ( 8-0 , 4 KO 's ) , beating him clearly on points , on the Holyfield-Botha Undercard . In December 2010 , Williams , 46 , lost a ten-round decision to Carl Davis for the vacant USBO Cruiserweight title in Chicago , Illinois , in perhaps his last major bout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2023fd75216b3ab583d6e2069c85583", "text": "The Ring magazine Prospect of the Year The Ring magazine was established in 1922 . Since 1983 , it has named a boxer who had the most potential to become a future star in the sport as Prospect of the Year , based on the magazine 's writers ' criteria . However , it had been discontinued between 1989 and 2010 . Here is a list of The Ring magazine 's Prospects of the Year : 1983 Kenny Baysmore 1984 Mark Breland 1985 Mike Tyson 1986 Michael Williams 1987 Engels Pedroza 1988 Michael Moorer 2011 Gary Russell , Jr. . 2012 Keith Thurman 2013 Vasyl Lomachenko 2014 Anthony Joshua 2015 Takuma Inoue 2016 Erickson Lubin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8b30a3c68faca7c116189bec5365b1b", "text": "Pedro Carrasco Pedro Carrasco ( 11 July 1943 -- 27 January 2001 ) was a Spanish boxer whose fame transcended the boxing ring . During the 1970s , he was a media darling in Spain . Carrasco was crowned European Lightweight champion in 1967 . This triumph was followed four years later , in 1971 , with a victory over Mando Ramos in Madrid by disqualification in 11 rounds for the WBC 's world Lightweight title . The victory was marred by controversy because Carrasco won the title while lying on the canvas : he had been hit in the head by Ramos . The fight 's referee expressed confusion as to whether the blow was legal , but he decided to call it an illegal blow and raised Carrasco 's hand in signal of victory . Carrasco immediately became a national hero in Spain , as Spain 's first-ever world boxing champion . Carrasco , who was a culturally educated fighter , became a sensation with the media , especially with tabloid magazines , and he started to be seen with Spanish show business stars . His picture appeared on the covers of such magazines as ¡ Hola ! many times . He married the singer Rocío Jurado , with whom he had a daughter , Rocío Carrasco . He was also married to Raquel Mosquera for five years . In 1971 , and because of the controversial nature of his world championship win over Ramos , the WBC ordered a rematch , and it was fought in Los Angeles . There , Ramos beat Carrasco and retook title . They had another rematch , and Ramos beat Carrasco again . Carrasco 's career boxing record was 106 -- 3 -- 2 ( 66 KOs ) . After beginning his career 12 -- 1 -- 1 , Carrasco had a streak on which he went 92 -- 0 -- 1 . The draw came after Carrasco had won 83 consecutive fights . This undefeated streak was longer than Julio César Chávez 's ( 90 -- 0 -- 1 ) . Chávez 's streak , however , was from the beginning of the career , and he was 87 -- 0 before the draw . In 1983 , the WBC selected Carrasco in their list of 40 greatest boxers of the last 40 years . Carrasco 's death of a heart attack in 2001 caused shock in Spain , particularly because of his relatively young age , just 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77902a227c4b2247fcdfad8b17bb3816", "text": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao , billed as The Fight of the Century , or the Battle for Greatness , was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao . It took place on May 2 , 2015 , at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada . Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision , with two judges scoring it 116 -- 112 and the other 118 -- 110 . Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history , it was largely considered a letdown by critics and audiences alike upon its broadcast . Despite predictions that Mayweather -- Pacquiao would be the highest-grossing fight in history as early as 2009 , disagreements between the two professional boxers ' camps on terms for the fight prevented the bout from coming to fruition until 2015 . The failure to arrange the Mayweather -- Pacquiao fight was named the 2010 Event of the Year by The Ring . Serious negotiations were kickstarted in 2014 by an unlikely source : a Hollywood waiter and part-time actor made a key introduction between Pacquiao 's trainer and confidant Freddie Roach and CBS President Les Moonves , who both worked to facilitate the match . By 2015 , negotiations for the fight had been finalized , with all of the major issues that prevented the fight from happening in the past resolved , including purse split , drug testing , and location . The fight was televised through a pay-per-view ( PPV ) jointly produced by HBO and Showtime , the respective rightsholders of Pacquiao and Mayweather . In the Philippines , the fight was also broadcast in simulcast across three of the country 's major broadcast television networks . The fight was expected to be the most lucrative in the history of professional boxing : with an initial estimate of 4.4 million purchases , the PPV alone broke revenue records in the U.S. with $ 410 million in revenue , making it the highest-grossing PPV in history , surpassing Mayweather -- Álvarez in 2013 . By September 2015 , the figure had been amended to 4.6 million . The broadcast of the fight in the Philippines was watched by nearly half the country 's households . Due to the record high price of the PPV , the fight was also widely broadcast through unauthorized online streams on services such as Periscope . Despite the large amount of hype that surrounded it , critics felt that the bout itself was disappointing , primarily citing Mayweather 's defense-oriented strategy in the ring and Pacquaio 's difficulty in landing punches on Mayweather . This had led to some critics re-labelling the fight ` Better Never Than Late ' rather than ` The Fight of the Century ' . It was later revealed following the event that Pacquiao had sustained an undisclosed injury to his right shoulder while training , and that while it had healed in time for the fight , he re-injured it during the 4th round . Further controversy emerged when it was alleged that prior to the fight , Mayweather had been administered IV fluids cleared by the United States Anti-Doping Agency through a retroactive `` therapeutic use exemption '' -- an exemption , however , not authorized by the Nevada State Athletic Commission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c17e2ab466a7e59e7c32fece6e20709", "text": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto , billed as `` High Stakes '' , was a professional boxing fight , contested for the welterweight championship . The bout was held on September 12 , 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada on Showtime PPV Mayweather Jr. confirmed his retirement after the bout . Mayweather dominated the fight , landing an impressive 56 % -LSB- 232/410 -RSB- punches thrown , and 67 % of power punches -LSB- 132/196 -RSB- compared to Berto 's underwhelming number of 16 % -LSB- 83/495 -RSB- punches landed and 22 % -LSB- 39/177 -RSB- of power punches thrown . Mayweather won the fight , 120-108 , 118-110 and 117-111 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3621ec42afa1db0287417f5a25334637", "text": "2012 in mixed martial arts events The year 2012 has seen champions retain their belt , new champions crowned and new promotions begin their campaigns . As of March 30 , 2012 , the Ultimate Fighting Championship has held seven events with another fourteen so far reported to be held throughout the rest of the year . Bellator Fighting Championship began its sixth season containing tournaments in five different weight classes . A new Indian promotion , Super Fight League , arrived on the scene in 2012 with seven events scheduled throughout the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19780516042414e1d3ef7049dd874c5c", "text": "Robert Parham Robert Parham ( born Robert Dennis Parham , Jr. on January 24 , 1966 ) is a retired American kickboxer and former five time World Kickboxing Champion and former four time Sport Karate Champion . His kickboxing record was 17-1 with 9 knockouts . In his last match , he was stopped by Patrick Barry `` While enlisted in the Air Force , he won the Mississippi 's Silver Gloves championships and in 1988 he began earning karate titles , including Armed Forces Champion , Mississippi State Champion and pre-Olympic Taekwondo Champion . From 1991 to 1993 , he won the National Karate Championship and in 1991 he was the United States Karate Alliance World Karate Champion . He was Sport Karate International 's regional winner in 1990 and 1993 , and world champion in 1991 . In 1993 , he earned the National Black Belt League 's Regional and World Titles and the United States Karate Alliance Lightweight Koshiki World Title . Parham 's karate accomplishments earned him the Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command 's Male Athlete of the Year for 1992 . The award-winning martial artist has claimed world kickboxing titles in five weight classes -- middleweight in 1994 , super middleweight in 1996 , light heavyweight in 1995 and 1997 , cruiserweight in 1997 and heavyweight in 2001 . '' In 1999 , Parham was a feature participant in the inaugural show of the TV series `` The Toughman World Championship on FX '' . He made it to the finals and lost a hotly disputed decision to the local favorite . He has been inducted into the Universal Martial Arts Hall of Fame , the Masters Hall of Fame , the USA Hall of Fame and the Action Martial Arts Hall of Fame for his martial arts accomplishments . After retiring from martial arts competitions , Robert turned to acting , with minor roles in movies such as `` Bad Faith '' , `` The Insider ( film ) '' `` Hand to Hand '' . He had his breakthrough starring role in the upcoming feature `` Buster Jones '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0660f667f7b087c5de38251db38883b2", "text": "Roy Jones Jr. Roy Levesta Jones Jr. ( born January 16 , 1969 ) is an American professional boxer , boxing commentator , boxing trainer , rapper , and actor who holds dual American and Russian citizenship . He is a former six-time , four-weight world champion , having held titles at middleweight , super middleweight , light heavyweight , and heavyweight , and is the only boxer in history to start his professional career as a light middleweight and go on to win a heavyweight title . As an amateur he represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics , winning a silver medal in the light middleweight division . Jones , who is considered by many to be one of the best boxers of all time , pound for pound , left his mark in the sport 's history when he won the WBA heavyweight title in 2003 , becoming the first former middleweight champion to win a heavyweight title in 106 years . He also became the undisputed light heavyweight champion in 1999 , by unifying the WBA , WBC , and IBF titles . During his prime , Jones was known for possessing exceptional hand speed , athleticism , movement and reflexes . The Boxing Writers Association of America ( BWAA ) named Jones as the Fighter of the Decade for the 1990s . He was also named Fighter of the Year for 2003 by the World Boxing Hall of Fame , and is a three-time winner of the Best Boxer ESPY Award ( 1996 , 2000 , and 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0bd90dde781cb6ac9cd9f4138e8e76", "text": "Miguel Cotto vs. DeMarcus Corley The Cotto vs. Corley fight was a bout held in Bayamón , Puerto Rico , on February 26 , 2005 . It was for Miguel Cotto 's WBO world Jr. . Welterweight title , and it pitted him against former world champion Demarcus Corley . Much expectation preceded the fight , which was sponsored in Puerto Rico by DirecTV . The then recently inaugurated Tren Urbano had to be specially abilitated for this fight , as fans had overcrowded the parking area with their cars the last time Cotto had a fight in Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican tourism department saw this event as a perfect occasion to demonstrate the new railway 's conveniences to fans across the island . Cotto participated in a ceremonial trip from a station near José Miguel Agrelot coliseum in San Juan to the fight 's venue , Bayamón 's Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum . Corley , meanwhile , arrived in Puerto Rico on Wednesday , February 23 . According to El Vocero , the newspaper that interviewed the former world champion on arrival at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport , Corley showed confidence and kept smiling , but predicted a unanimous decision win , which is somewhat uncommon among boxers , as they usually predict knockout wins . Corley trained the last few days before the fight at the same gymnasium that Edwin Rosario used during Rosario 's prime . The fight was broadcast to the United States live on HBO Boxing 's `` Boxing After Dark '' leg . Cotto wore trunks that had the flags of every Hispanic country . About half a minute into the fight , Corley went down from a right cross to the head . He was rocked often the rest of the first round , but he was able to stay on his feet . Cotto kept hitting Corley with stamina-reducing shots to the body and the head in round two , but he lost a point , when , without any previous warnings , referee Ismael Quinones Falu deducted it from the scorecards after Corley complained that Cotto had hurt him on the crotch area . It was a somewhat unusual move by the referee : usually they give boxers a number of warnings before actually deducting a point for illegal fighting tactics . In the third round , Corley hit Cotto flush with a right hand to the chin , and Cotto , who was arguably having the worst round of his career , almost fell . Corley mounted an attack , pinning Cotto against the ropes for most of the round . Cotto was then suddenly struck by a low blow himself , and he went to the floor . The referee gave him time to recover , but did not take any points away from Corley . Towards the end of the round , both fighters engaged in an exchange of powerful lefts , with Cotto 's barely missing Corley 's body , but Corley 's getting Cotto on the head and sending him to the ropes again . Having recuperated in between rounds , Cotto picked up the fight 's momentum again in round four , using his jab , and then connecting with various combinations towards the end of the round . By round five , Cotto sported a cut inside his nose and he also had a swollen eye . Corley looked like he had taken tremendous punishment as well ; he looked tired and his face looked like it had a few small cuts too . Cotto , who , by the way , weighed 157 pounds ( 71 kg ) on HBO 's weight balance on the day of the fight compared to Corley 's 140 pounds ( 63.5 kg ) , pinned Corley against the ropes . A combination of punches to the body and head sent Corley down for a second time . Corley got up and tried to weather the storm by fighting back , but he was taking a lot of punishment as he decided to go down to one knee in order to take a rest . The third knockdown , however , would become the subject of a small controversy , as , instead of counting on Corley , Quinones Falu decided to stop the fight at that moment , giving Cotto the victory by a fifth round technical knockout . After the stoppage , Corley reacted with a menacing look towards the referee , but no action was taken by him against Quinones Falu . HBO 's instant replays showed that none of the punches that Cotto threw before Corley decided to take a knee had actually landed . Nevertheless , since Corley 's third visit to the canvas happened after Corley took a conscious decision to fall in order to take the extra rest , boxing rules dictated that it had to be counted as a knockdown . Soon after the fight was stopped , HBO analizers were quick to signal the result as a `` hometown stoppage '' , specially Larry Merchant . But their claims were quickly countered by Corley himself , who admitted to going down for the third time as a strategy to avoid further punishment from Cotto and maybe buy himself more fight time . After the fight , both fighters agreed that they should have a rematch . Category : Boxing fights Category :2005 in boxing Category : Boxing in Puerto Rico Category : Sports in Bayamón , Puerto Rico Category :2005 in Puerto Rican sport", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4397e31b31176587614616b19ce014", "text": "Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame The Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame is a museum and hall of fame in Belfast , New York , dedicated to the sport of bare-knuckle boxing . It is housed in barns that were once owned by the Greco-Roman wrestling champion and physical culture pioneer William Muldoon . The heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan , who fought in both bare-knuckled and gloved boxing contests , trained in these barns under Muldoon 's guidance for his championship bout against Jake Kilrain in 1889 . The barns were originally across Main Street from their current location , on the grounds of the Belfast United Methodist Church . They were bought , moved , and restored by Scott Burt when the church became no longer interested in maintaining them . Burt opened the Hall of Fame in 2009 , when it had its first induction class . The Hall of Fame houses plaques and memorabilia associated with bare-knuckle boxers that have been inducted to the Hall of Fame , as well as exhibits devoted to the general history of bare-knuckle boxing . Each year 's induction class includes bare-knuckle boxers from the classic era , modern bare-knuckle boxers , and honorary inductees . The Hall of Fame also serves as a memorial to Sullivan 's training camp with Muldoon , a number of relics of which have survived the lengthy period when the barns sat unused . These include a likely ceiling mount for Sullivan 's heavy bag , the slatted area of flooring on which Sullivan stood for gravity showers after training , and the `` room of repose '' in which Sullivan and Muldoon relaxed and discussed strategy in the evenings , which includes some of Muldoon 's original furniture . Sullivan and Muldoon 's use of this training camp was documented by the celebrated reporter Nellie Bly , in an article she wrote for the New York World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efab3c16262460d83dbb5f8bf0243aa5", "text": "Boxing at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 67 kg The men 's welterweight boxing competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok , Thailand was held from 7 to 17 December at the Impact Arena . Like all Asian Games boxing events , the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament . This event consisted of 16 boxers . The competition began with the round of 16 on 7 December , where the number of competitors was reduced to 8 , and concluded with the final on 17 December . As there were fewer than 16 boxers in the competition , a number of boxers received a bye through the preliminary round . Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals . All bouts consisted of five three-minute rounds . The boxers receive points for every successful punch they land on their opponent 's head or upper body . The boxer with the most points at the end of the bouts wins . If a boxer is knocked to the ground and can not get up before the referee counts to 10 then the bout is over and the opponent wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0839a6dd2217b110836504144a2fc2f", "text": "Joe Silva Joe Silva is a former UFC matchmaker and a 2017 inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame . Joe Silva began working for UFC in 1993 after answering an advertisement for fighters in Black Belt Magazine . During his role as matchmaker , he made each of the fights for the live events of UFC since prior to the purchase of the UFC by the Fertitta brothers in 2000 , under the ownership of SEG . His last official title was Vice-President of Talent Relations . As a part of his job , he both signed new and fired fighters from the UFC . Silva retired in September 2016 following the sale of UFC to WME-IMG , after selling his UFC shares to the new owner . His final event occurred on December 30 , 2016 . During his later career , the USA Today sports website MMA Junkie ran an article series `` Joe Silva 's Shoes '' that speculated on what fights Silva might make for upcoming UFC events . In 2017 , Silva was named an inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0368d34440b6433f7cd471e99949163b", "text": "Emanuel Steward Emanuel `` Manny '' Steward ( July 7 , 1944 -- October 25 , 2012 ) was an American boxer , trainer , and commentator for HBO Boxing . Steward trained 41 world champion fighters throughout his career , most notably Lennox Lewis , Wladimir Klitschko , Thomas Hearns , and Tony Tucker , through the famous Kronk Gym . His heavyweight fighters had a record of 34-2-1 combined in title fights . He was an inductee of the International Boxing Hall Of Fame , and the World Boxing Hall of Fame . Steward was also known for his charity work in Detroit , Michigan , helping endangered youths to attain an education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a6d1ca7ada5d77196d6aa778d470dc6", "text": "Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2229621244b8d22c2be118929dab37ae", "text": "Place (United States Census Bureau) The United States Census Bureau defines a place as a concentration of population which has a name , is locally recognized , and is not part of any other place . A place typically has a residential nucleus and a closely spaced street pattern , and it frequently includes commercial property and other urban land uses . A place may be an incorporated place ( a self-governing city , town , or village ) or it may be a census-designated place ( CDP ) . Incorporated places are defined by the laws of the states in which they are contained . The Census Bureau delineates CDPs . A small settlement in the open countryside or the densely settled fringe of a large city may not be a place as defined by the Census Bureau . As of the 1990 Census , only 26 % of the people in the United States lived outside of places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba", "text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "538413fc3e593d3476800d9489a46f78", "text": "Twentynine Palms, California Twentynine Palms ( also known as 29 Palms ) is a city in San Bernardino County , California , United States . It was previously called Twenty-Nine Palms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a4a032f3f165faada86a398d7a819f", "text": "Demographics of Texas Texas is the second most populous U.S. state , with an estimated 2017 population of 28.449 million . In recent decades , it has experienced strong population growth . Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas , along with many towns and rural areas . Much of the population is in the major cities of Houston , San Antonio , Dallas , Fort Worth , Austin , and El Paso .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44dccbfb1a5a8b74d98952384a0acd0b", "text": "Tonopah, Nevada Tonopah is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Nye County , Nevada , United States . It is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95 , approximately midway between Las Vegas and Reno . In the 2010 census , the population was 2,478 . The census-designated place ( CDP ) of Tonopah has a total area of 16.2 sqmi , all land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70480591f269e0fd19e6b4a4c226c49", "text": "Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast . From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast . In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574fb57b28ae761a0e516d50268b2786", "text": "List of United States cities by crime rate The following table of United States cities by crime rate is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics . The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end . The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter . This list is based on the reporting . In most cases , the city and the reporting agency are identical . However , in some cases such as Charlotte , Honolulu , and Las Vegas , the reporting agency has more than one municipality . Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report . Consequently , some agencies do not report all the crimes . If components are missing the total is adjusted to 0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b907ea6c9e6b05cf89cc3a30638d0a", "text": "El Mirage, Arizona El Mirage is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States . According to the 2010 census , the population of the city is 31,797 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e917f73e08a76fb574c1b45b15d06b1c", "text": "List of cities in Nevada Nevada is a state located in the Western United States . According to the 2010 United States Census , Nevada is the 36th most populous state with inhabitants but the 7th largest by land area spanning 109781.18 sqmi of land . Nevada is divided into 17 counties and contains 19 incorporated municipalities . Nevada 's incorporated municipalities cover only of the state 's land mass but are home to of its population . Incorporated places in the state are legally described as cities , except for Carson City , which has no legal description . To incorporate , a petition for incorporation can be made to the board of county commissioners , who consider numerous geographic , demographic , and economic factors . Cities are categorized by population for the purpose of determining the number of wards and council election structure as well as the number of city clerks : cities with 50,000 or more inhabitants are population category one , cities with 5,000 or more but less than 50,000 inhabitants are population category two , and cities having less than 5,000 inhabitants are population category three . The largest municipality by population in Nevada is Las Vegas with 583,756 residents , and the smallest municipality by population is Caliente with 1,130 residents . The largest municipality by land area is Boulder City which spans 208.52 mi2 , while Lovelock is the smallest at 0.85 mi2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e31b7cf5411d96c9e616b40f94ddf8", "text": "Nevada Assembly The Nevada Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of the US state of Nevada . The body consists of 42 members , elected to two-year terms from single-member districts . Each Assembly district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 census . Term limits , limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Twelve members of the Assembly were termed out with the 2010 election serving their last legislative session in 2011 . The Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature . The lower house of the Legislature is referred to as an `` Assembly '' rather than the more common `` House of Representatives . '' Since the 2012 session , Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half , so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20396f133f30893dc3be171902825115", "text": "Demographics of Alaska As of 2005 , Alaska has an estimated population of 663,661 , which is an increase of 5,906 , or 0.9 % , from the prior year and an increase of 36,730 , or 5.9 % , since the year 2000 . This includes a natural increase since the last census of 36,590 people ( 53,132 births minus 16,542 deaths ) , and an increase due to net migration of 1,181 people into the state . Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 5,800 people , and migration within the country produced a net loss of 4,619 people . More than half of the state 's population lives in Anchorage , Juneau and Fairbanks , with two-fifths in Anchorage alone . As of 1 January 2012 Alaska had a population of 731,449 , and its 2017 population is estimated at 739,818 . With a population of 710,231 , according to the 2010 U.S. census , Alaska is the 48th most populous and least densely populated state . For purposes of the federal census , the state is divided into artificial divisions defined geographically by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only . The center of population of Alaska is located approximately 64.37 km east of Anchorage at 61.399882 N. latitude , -148.873973 W. longitude . In 2006 , Alaska had a larger percentage of tobacco smokers than the national average , with 24 % of Alaskan adults smoking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c0ecd93ab7d4ca7ebe7cf59a45a291", "text": "List of cities in Indiana Indiana is a state located in the Midwestern United States . Except as noted , all cities are `` third-class '' cities with a seven-member city council and an elected clerk-treasurer . `` Second-class '' cities had a population of at least 35,000 and up to 600,000 at time of designation , and have a nine-member city council and an elected clerk . Indianapolis is the only `` first-class '' city in Indiana under state law , making it subject to a consolidated city-county government known as Unigov . To become a city of any class , however , a settlement must have a population of at least 2,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22c7e31f533987e67f1e9a52da281a42", "text": "Nevada, Texas Nevada ( -LSB- nᵻˈveɪdə -RSB- , unlike the state of Nevada ) is a city in Collin County , Texas , United States . The population was 822 at the 2010 census . First settled in 1835 by John McMinn Stambaugh and named `` McMinn Chapel '' , the area was settled by Granville Stinebaugh , who named it after the Nevada Territory . Nevada enjoyed some prosperity after becoming a stop on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway , and the town incorporated in 1889 . On 9 May 1927 , a half-mile-wide F4 tornado ripped through Nevada , leaving 19 dead , 100 injured , and property damage exceeding $ 650,000 . The town had a difficult recovery ; citizens voted to unincorporate , and placed the restoration of the community in the hands of the Collin County authorities . However , the growing mechanisation involved in agriculture , along with the Great Depression , caused the town to fall into stagnation . The railroad later removed its tracks from the area . Recent growth in Collin County during the last 25 years has moderately improved life in Nevada . The population has again reached the heights of 1927 , and the town reincorporated in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56af532e799d9155fd5cfbfb64ceeb29", "text": "Las Vegas Springs The Las Vegas Springs or Big Springs is the site of a natural oasis , known traditionally as a cienega . For more than 15,000 years , springs broke through the desert floor , creating grassy meadows ( called las vegas by Mexican explorers ) . The bubbling springs were a source of water for Native Americans living here at least 5,000 years ago . Known as The Birthplace of Las Vegas it sustained travelers of the Old Spanish Trail and Mormons who came to settle the West . The springs ' source is the Las Vegas Aquifer . The springs are now a part of the Las Vegas Springs Preserve . Las Vegas Springs was once the site of three springs , running into two large pools of water . It is a site historically known for a gathering of pioneers and Native Americans and early settlers in the Las Vegas Valley . In 1905 , it provided water source to the budding town and railroad . Once pipe lines were laid and wells were drilled , the surface water receded , making it the way it is today . The site is currently undergoing rehabilitation to protect what remains architecturally and archaeologically . Now , it is 180 acres of historic land located just west of Downtown Las Vegas . It is open to the public and more information can be found here : http://www.springspreserve.org/", "title": "" }, { "docid": "009cad48574075a817dc69b59cb0d66b", "text": "Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Coeur d'Alene ( -LSB- kɔər_dəˈleɪn -RSB- ) is the largest city and county seat of Kootenai County , Idaho , United States . It is the principal city of the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population of Coeur d'Alene was 44,137 . The city is a satellite city of Spokane , which is located about 30 mi to the west , in the state of Washington . The two cities are the key components of the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area , of which Coeur d'Alene is the third largest city ( after Spokane and its largest suburb , Spokane Valley ) . Coeur d'Alene is the largest city in northern Idaho Panhandle . The city is situated on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene , 25 mi in length . Locally , Coeur d'Alene is known as the `` Lake City , '' or simply called by its initials : `` CDA '' . The city of Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly in recent years , in part because of a substantial increase in tourism , encouraged by several resorts in the area . Broadcaster and media figure Barbara Walters called the city `` a little slice of Heaven '' and included it in her list of most fascinating places to visit . On November 28 , 2007 , Good Morning America broadcast the city 's Christmas lighting ceremony because its display is among the largest in the United States . The Coeur d'Alene Resort takes up a prominent portion of the city 's downtown . It is also near two major ski resorts : Silver Mountain Resort to the east in Kellogg , and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort to the north in Sandpoint . The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene People , a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who lived along the rivers and lakes of the region , in a territory of 5,500 sqmi extending into Washington and Montana . They were first encountered by French fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century , who referred to them as Cœur d'Alène , meaning `` heart of an awl , '' reflecting their experience of the tribal traders as tough businessmen , `` sharp-hearted '' or `` shrewd '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d673aa192d292ba26f461c017841af7", "text": "History of Las Vegas This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas , Nevada , and the Las Vegas Valley . The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1829 by an Australian scout named Richard , a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles , and stopped for water there while heading north and west on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico . At that time , several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas ; Las Vegas means the meadows in Spanish . The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash , which runs to the Colorado River .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efd023c25c3524d7601164d41c6f945b", "text": "Cosmetics Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body . Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair . They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds ; some being derived from natural sources ( such as coconut oil ) , and some being synthetics . Common cosmetics include lipstick , mascara , eye shadow , foundation , rouge , skin cleansers and skin lotions , shampoo , hairstyling products ( gel , hair spray , etc. ) , perfume and cologne . Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup . In the U.S. , the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) , which regulates cosmetics , defines cosmetics as `` intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing , beautifying , promoting attractiveness , or altering the appearance without affecting the body 's structure or functions '' . This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product . The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8b99b59112732541cc67b1cd6bfd7f61", "text": "Essential medicines Essential medicines , as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , are the medicines that `` satisfy the priority health care needs of the population '' . These are the medications to which people should have access at all times in sufficient amounts . The prices should be at generally affordable levels . The WHO has published a model list of essential medicines . Each country is encouraged to prepare their own lists taking into consideration local priorities . Over 150 countries have published an official essential medicines list . The essential medicines list enables health authorities , especially in developing countries , to optimize pharmaceutical resources . The WHO List contains a core list and a complementary list . The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system , listing the most efficacious , safe and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions . Priority conditions are selected on the basis of current and estimated future public health relevance , and potential for safe and cost-effective treatment . The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases , for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring facilities are needed . In case of doubt medicines may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or less attractive cost-effectiveness in a variety of settings . The list is important because : it forms the basis of national drugs policy in more than 155 countries , both in the developed and developing world . Many governments refer to WHO recommendations when making decisions on health spending .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0cccd10239f4f507669a78a56f38f81", "text": "Page 3 Page 3 is a colloquial term for a feature formerly included in the British tabloid newspaper The Sun . The phrase originates with the publication of a large photograph of a topless , bare-breasted female glamour model which was usually published on the print edition 's third page . The feature first appeared in the newspaper on 17 November 1970 and on the official Page 3 website since June 1999 , where it still continues . The terms `` Page 3 '' and `` Page Three '' are registered trademarks of News UK , parent company of The Sun , although the feature has been imitated in Britain 's other ` red top ' tabloids and by newspapers internationally . Page 3 was popular with Sun readers , but it also attracted sustained controversy . Critics argued that Page 3 objectifies and demeans women , while others believe that it should not appear in a generally circulated national newspaper . Some campaigners advocated for legislation to ban Page 3 , while others tried to convince newspaper editors to voluntarily drop the feature or modify it so that models no longer appear topless . The No More Page 3 campaign was launched in 2012 . The Irish edition of The Sun dropped topless Page 3 models in August 2013 . After several days of non-appearance , an article appeared in stablemate The Times on 19 January 2015 indicating that the UK editions were dropping the feature too . The 22 January 2015 edition , in what became a one-off revival , was the last to include the feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9662ad44721160269e2edfe86827de10", "text": "Plastic recycling Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products . Since the vast majority of plastic is non-biodegradable , recycling is a part of global efforts to reduce plastic in the waste stream , especially the approximately eight million metric tonnes of waste plastic that enter the Earth 's ocean every year . This helps to reduce the high rates of plastic pollution . Plastic recycling includes taking any type of plastic , sorting it into different polymers and then chipping it and then melting it down into pellets . After this stage , it can then be used to make items of any sort such as plastic chairs and tables . Soft Plastics are also recycled such as polyethylene film and bags . This closed-loop operation has taken place since the 1970s and has made the production of some plastic products amongst the most efficient operations today . Compared with lucrative recycling of metal , and similar to the low value of glass , plastic polymers recycling is often more challenging because of low density and low value . There are also numerous technical hurdles to overcome when recycling plastic . A macro molecule interacts with its environment along its entire length , so total energy involved in mixing it is largely due to the product side stoichiometry ( see enthalpy ) . Heating alone is not enough to dissolve such a large molecule , so plastics must often be of nearly identical composition to mix efficiently . When different types of plastics are melted together , they tend to phase-separate , like oil and water , and set in these layers . The phase boundaries cause structural weakness in the resulting material , meaning that polymer blends are useful in only limited applications . The two most widely manufactured plastics , polypropylene and polyethylene behave this way , which limits their utility for recycling . Recently , the use of block copolymers as `` molecular stitches '' or `` macromolecular welding flux '' has been proposed to overcome the difficulties associated with phase separation during recycling . Another barrier to recycling is the widespread use of dyes , fillers , and other additives in plastics . The polymer is generally too viscous to economically remove fillers , and would be damaged by many of the processes that could cheaply remove the added dyes . Additives are less widely used in beverage containers and plastic bags , allowing them to be recycled more often . Yet another barrier to removing large quantities of plastic from the waste stream and landfills is the fact that many common but small plastic items lack the universal triangle recycling symbol and accompanying number . An example is the billions of plastic utensils commonly distributed at fast food restaurants or sold for use at picnics . The percentage of plastic that can be fully recycled , rather than downcycled or go to waste can be increased when manufacturers of packaged goods minimize mixing of packaging materials and eliminate contaminants . The Association of Plastics Recyclers have issued a Design Guide for Recyclability . The use of biodegradable plastics is increasing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c33b9d53714fddf5049530a6c8b247c3", "text": "Blacklight A blacklight ( or often black light ) , also referred to as a UV-A light , Wood 's lamp , or simply ultraviolet light , is a lamp that emits long-wave ( UV-A ) ultraviolet light and not much visible light . One type of lamp has a violet filter material , either on the bulb or in a separate glass filter in the lamp housing , which blocks most visible light and allows through UV , so the lamp has a dim violet glow when operating . Blacklight lamps which have this filter have a lighting industry designation that includes the letters `` BLB '' . This stands for `` blacklight blue '' , which is a contradiction in that they are the type that does not look blue . A second type of lamp produces ultraviolet but does not have the filter material , so it produces more visible light and has a blue color when operating . These tubes are made for use in `` bug zapper '' insect traps , and are identified by the industry designation `` BL '' . Blacklight sources may be specially designed fluorescent lamps , mercury-vapor lamps , light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) , lasers , or incandescent lamps ; although incandescents produce almost no blacklight ( except slightly more for halogen types ) , and so are not considered true blacklight sources . In medicine , forensics , and some other scientific fields , such a light source is referred to as a Wood 's lamp , named after Robert Williams Wood who invented the original Wood 's glass UV filters . Although many other types of lamp emit ultraviolet light with visible light , black lights are essential when UV-A light without visible light is needed , particularly in observing fluorescence , the colored glow that many substances emit when exposed to UV . Black lights are employed for decorative and artistic lighting effects , diagnostic and therapeutic uses in medicine , the detection of substances tagged with fluorescent dyes , rock-hunting , the detection of counterfeit money , the curing of plastic resins , and attracting insects . Strong sources of long-wave ultraviolet light are used in tanning beds . Although the low-power UV-A emitted by black lights is not a hazard to skin or eyes and can be viewed without protection , powerful ultraviolet sources present dangers and require personal protective equipment such as goggles and gloves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28dfdfea79740d223d94bb1e964c83a", "text": "Media Foundation Media Foundation ( MF ) is a COM-based multimedia framework pipeline and infrastructure platform for digital media in Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 . It is the intended replacement for Microsoft DirectShow , Windows Media SDK , DirectX Media Objects ( DMOs ) and all other so-called `` legacy '' multimedia APIs such as Audio Compression Manager ( ACM ) and Video for Windows ( VfW ) . The existing DirectShow technology is intended to be replaced by Media Foundation step-by-step , starting with a few features . For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow . Media Foundation will not be available for previous Windows versions , including Windows XP . The first release , present in Windows Vista , focuses on audio and video playback quality , high-definition content ( i.e. HDTV ) , content protection and a more unified approach for digital data access control for digital rights management ( DRM ) and its interoperability . It integrates DXVA 2.0 for offloading more of the video processing pipeline to hardware , for better performance . Videos are processed in the colorspace they were encoded in , and are handed off to the hardware , which composes the image in its native colorspace . This prevents intermediate colorspace conversions to improve performance . MF includes a new video renderer , called Enhanced Video Renderer ( EVR ) , which is the next iteration of VMR 7 and 9 . EVR has better support for playback timing and synchronization . It uses the Multimedia Class Scheduler Service ( MMCSS ) , a new service that prioritizes real time multimedia processing , to reserve the resources required for the playback , without any tearing or glitches . The second release included in Windows 7 introduces expanded media format support and DXVA HD for acceleration of HD content if WDDM 1.1 drivers are used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65735a48f44f07ca9e735c1b0427fe95", "text": "List of fictional beverages Many works of fiction have incorporated into their world the existence of beverages -- liquids made for popular consumption - which may create a sense of the world in which the story takes place , and in some cases may serve to advance the plot of the story . These products may be fictional brands which serve as a stand in for brand names , and in that capacity may be a vessel for mockery of the marketing culture associated with brand name products ( e.g. , Duff Beer from The Simpsons ; Buzz Beer from The Drew Carey Show ) . In science fiction , beverages from alien races may enhance the sense of a futuristic society ( e.g. Romulan Ale in Star Trek ) . While there are many fictional liquids that can be consumed , fictional liquid medicines and magical potions ( such as the liquid that causes Alice to shrink in Alice in Wonderland ) may not be widely available for common consumption , or may simply not be described as being used for that purpose , and thus would not be considered `` beverages '' at all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9121f60528a6490faaa8957583d7d91", "text": "Natural skin care Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature . Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients , which may include herbs , roots , flowers and essential oils , but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax , and minerals . These substances may be combined with various carrier agents , preservatives , surfactants , humectants and emulsifiers . There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms `` natural '' or `` organic '' when applied to personal care products . Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients . The personal skin care market based on natural products has shown strong growth . Clinical and laboratory studies have identified activities in many natural ingredients that have potential beneficial activities for personal skin care , but there is a shortage of convincing evidence for natural product efficacy in medical problems . Some natural products and therapies may be harmful , either to the skin or systemically . People prone to allergies should pay careful attention to what they use on their skin . Dermatologists may feel that there is enough scientific evidence to assist in the selection or avoidance of particular natural ingredients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9904e980a9e9a9faf22bb0ab4775618", "text": "Albinism Albinism in humans is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin , hair and eyes . Albinism is associated with a number of vision defects , such as photophobia , nystagmus , and amblyopia . Lack of skin pigmentation makes for more susceptibility to sunburn and skin cancers . In rare cases such as Chédiak -- Higashi syndrome , albinism may be associated with deficiencies in the transportation of melanin granules . This also affects essential granules present in immune cells leading to increased susceptibility to infection . Albinism results from inheritance of recessive gene alleles and is known to affect all vertebrates , including humans . It is due to absence or defect of tyrosinase , a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin . It is the opposite of melanism . Unlike humans , other animals have multiple pigments and for these , albinism is considered to be a hereditary condition characterised by the absence of melanin in particular , in the eyes , skin , hair , scales , feathers or cuticle . While an organism with complete absence of melanin is called an albino an organism with only a diminished amount of melanin is described as leucistic or albinoid . The term is from the Latin albus , `` white '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5021fea5224fc767a8ff13410446da0e", "text": "Unreal Brands Unreal Brands is a company which produces candy products without artificial flavors , color and other non-food additives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cf92a83a66d69649190d5ade7a94e71", "text": "Waterproof fabric Waterproof fabrics are fabrics that are inherently , or have been treated to become , resistant to penetration by water and wetting . The term `` waterproof '' refers to conformance to a governing specification and specific conditions of a laboratory test method . They are usually natural or synthetic fabrics that are laminated to or coated with a waterproofing material such as rubber , polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) , polyurethane ( PU ) , silicone elastomer , fluoropolymers , and wax . Treatment could be either of the fabric during manufacture or of completed products after manufacture , for instance by a waterproofing spray . Examples include the rubberised fabric used in Mackintosh jackets , sauna suits and inflatable boats . They are even used for footballs and glasses . The most common waterproofing treatment in the early 2000s was the application of C8 fluorocarbon-based textile finishes during manufacture . However , environmental and health concerns led to a transition to C6 fluorocarbon-based finishes and the development of alternative chemistries , such as ChemStik technology , a solvent-free process involving the on-surface polymerization of hydrocarbon chains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5b6cddf57c5682b53c29cf6c0c8c75", "text": "Burantashi Burantashi ( literally `` penis get up '' ) is a native Hausa-Fulani powder derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe . Burantashi is used as a food additive to barbecued meat ( suya ) in Nigeria , especially the Northern parts . The extracts contain the alkaloid yohimbine , an alpha-2 antagonist that has been used widely with variable success in erectile dysfunction , but the whole bark of the tree was not studied until recently . In one recent study , pure Burantashi powder obtained from a local suya vendor in Lagos , Nigeria was extracted aqueously and studied on the renal circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats . In the in vivo study , the extract code-named `` CCD-X '' , caused a rise in mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , and a rise in renal medullary blood flow ( MBF ) . This systemic vasoconstrictor and renal medullary dilator action was attenuated separately by the endothelin - A receptor blocker - BMS-182874 , ET-B blocker - BQ788 , but blocked by their combination . Further , the nitric oxide inhibitor ( NO ) , L-Nomega - nitro-Arginine Methyl Ester ( L-NAME ) 10 mg/kg totally inhibited the rise in medullary blood flow due to CCD-X . In vitro studies in isolated perfused kidneys ( IPK ) and in pressurised microvessels ( PMV ) confirmed the in vivo effect to cause vasoconstriction , which was inhibited by endothelin A and B antagonists . The pressor dose response characteristic of CCD-X on PMV was similar to that of endothelin-1 with EC50 close to 100 ng . It was concluded from these studies that , the aqueous extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect - possibly alpha-2 mediated like yohimbine . However , it possessed additional effects as an andothelin receptor A and B agonist , and also released nitric oxide . The possibility of a post-receptor cross-talk among ET-B , alpha-2 receptors and NO release was also considered . Thin layer chromatography showed that the bark is rich in sesquiterpenes , and has antifungal and antibiotic properties as well . Whether CCD-X will be useful in sickle cell disease ( releasing NO ) is unknown . Further basic and clinical research are needed before the effects of Burantashi can be effectively evaluated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d9c34b4619e90a9b8c5e28ad1f11d86", "text": "Pure Earth Founded in 1999 , the Blacksmith Institute which changed its name to Pure Earth on March 10 , 2015 , is an international not-for-profit organization that identifies and cleans up pollution , focusing primarily on contaminated sites and soil in developing countries . Over the last decade it has cleaned up 84 sites in 20 countries , focusing on communities where children are most at risk . These communities suffer disproportionately from pollution-related diseases . In 2014 , Blacksmith launched a new initiative -- Blacksmith Institute for a Pure Earth -- with actor Dev Patel as celebrity ambassador . Patel worked closely with Blacksmith to suggest the new name , and will help support efforts to raise awareness about toxic pollution , an issue he says he first grew aware of after filming in India . Blacksmith will slowly transition to a new name -- Pure Earth -- in order to broaden awareness of global toxic pollution issues to the general public . In 2011 Blacksmith received a Green Star Award for its work . In 2010 , Blacksmith founder Richard Fuller was profiled in Time magazine 's `` Power of One '' column In 2014 , Bloomberg Businessweek chronicled Blacksmith/Pure Earth 's growth and work around the world , including a dangerous cleanup of a secret Soviet arms site in Ukraine . 2015 saw the release of the book The Brown Agenda . Pure Earth has been recognized as one of the USA 's top performing nonprofits . Blacksmith Institute/Pure Earth is known for its annual World 's Worst Polluted Places Reports , The Pollution Blog , and the Blacksmith database , which currently lists 600 polluted sites . This Polluted Places Initiative identifies polluted sites throughout the world by means of an online nomination process . Blacksmith is currently expanding their database with the Toxics Sites Identification Program , formerly known as Global Inventory Project . Blacksmith/Pure Earth serves as Secretariat for the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution ( GAHP ) . In 2015 , the GAHP launched the global Commission on Pollution , Health and Development . It is described as an `` initiative of The Lancet , the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution ( GAHP ) , and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , with additional coordination and input from the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Bank . '' The Commission aims to quantify the health and economic costs of pollution to give global leaders and policy-makers the justification to act on pollution . The Commission report will be published in early 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d9fd13f2205a1f1aa33326d48d2edc", "text": "Coppertone (sunscreen) Coppertone is the brand name for an American sunscreen , owned by Bayer , formerly Merck & Co. , Inc. , formerly Schering-Plough . Coppertone is the sister brand to Bain de Soleil , which is targeted to adult women . The name originated from its marketing of suntan lotion . It dates to 1944 , when pharmacist Benjamin Green invented a lotion to darken tans . The company became famous in 1959 when it introduced the Coppertone girl , an advertisement showing a young blond girl in pigtails staring in surprise as a Boykin Spaniel sneaks up behind her and pulls down her blue swimsuit bottom , revealing her buttocks to have a lighter tone than the rest of her body . Accompanying the ads was the impish slogan , `` Do n't be a paleface ! '' The original Coppertone logo was the profile of an Indian chief . In 1953 Tally Embry Advertising in Florida was hired , and their ad men created the concept of the little girl and the pup . An artist named Joyce Ballantyne Brand re-drew the little girl in 1959 when her original artwork was destroyed in a fire . She was then working for Grant Advertising in New York . She purportedly used her daughter , Cheri , as her model , and her drawing closely resembled her original artwork . A series of mechanical billboards was constructed across the United States , whereon the motorized dog and swimsuit bottoms rocked up and down perpetually . Though most of them are long since gone or have stopped moving , one such billboard of the then Coppertone Girl still stands in Miami Beach -- dog , pigtails , swimsuit , and all . Sometime around 1965 , Jodie Foster made her acting debut as the Coppertone girl in a television commercial , when she was three years old . In 1993 , to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the sunscreen , a contest was held at Disney 's Polynesian Hotel in Orlando Florida to find `` The Coppertone Girl '' , since Cheri Brand had grown up by then . The contest was hosted by Regis Philbin along with Cheri as one of the judges . The winner was picked based on the contestant 's maturity , congeniality , eloquence , confidence , and how well she resembled the cartoon . The winner was four-year-old Alexis Durgee . She was chosen out of over 100,000 models and twenty remaining finalists . Afterwards she appeared on Sally Jessy Raphael Show with Cheri Brand and Dalton Orband , the winning Coppertone Boy . Alexis went on to model for Coppertone and Water Babies advertisements through the following year and was shot in several Coppertone commercials . At the turn of the 21st century , Coppertone revised drawings of the Coppertone Girl so that they would be less revealing and show no tan lines . Some recent versions show only the girl 's lower back , as opposed to her buttocks , or wearing a T-shirt , a hat , and holding a bottle of Coppertone while the puppy is shown pulling on her shorts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98eb40a35496dd50ee94530ee6934e51", "text": "Benzyl salicylate Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester , a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber . It appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as `` very faint , sweet-floral , slightly balsamic '' by those who can smell it , but many people either ca n't smell it at all or , describe its smell as `` musky '' . Trace impurities may have a significant influence on the odour . It occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials . There is some evidence that people may become sensitized to this material and as a result , there is a restriction standard concerning the use of this material in fragrances by the International Fragrance Association . It is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation , jasmine , lilac , and wallflower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643d00b353a6a0bf140f6d70ff051ded", "text": "Cosmetic textile Cosmetic textiles are the functional textiles , including garments , underwear which come in direct contact with the skin through the process of microencapsulation . They concern the treatment of the skin for a cosmetic approach ( for example , the orange peel effect ) , but can also be a vehicle for other active functions , such as slimming and body shaping . Cosmetic textiles currently offered on the market claim to be moisturizing , perfumed , cellulite reducing and body slimming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c2f5b0ddcdba4d2c827fa98b678e83c", "text": "Aesthetics Aesthetics ( -LSB- ɛsˈθɛtɪks -RSB- or -LSB- i : sˈθɛtɪks -RSB- also spelled æsthetics and esthetics also known in Greek as Αισθητική , or `` Aisthētiké '' ) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art , beauty , and taste , with the creation and appreciation of beauty . In its more technically epistemological perspective , it is defined as the study of subjective and sensori-emotional values , sometimes called judgements of sentiment and taste . More broadly , scholars in the field define aesthetics as `` critical reflection on art , culture and nature '' . In modern English , the term aesthetic can also refer to a set of principles underlying the works of a particular art movement or theory : one speaks , for example , of the Cubist aesthetic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8c60a05d7dac92c8d85c7fbe9732c7", "text": "Alternative lifestyle An alternative lifestyle is a lifestyle diverse in respect to mainstream ones , or generally perceived to be outside the cultural norm . Lifestyle is a media culture term derived from the concept of style in art . Usually , but not always , it implies an affinity or identification within some matching subculture ( e.g. hippies , goths and punks ) . Some people with alternative lifestyles mix elements from various subcultures ( grunge musicians were often influenced by a mixture of the punk , hippie , emo and heavy metal subcultures ) . Not all minority lifestyles are held to be `` alternative '' , so the term tends to apply to newer forms of lifestyle , often based upon enlarged freedoms ( especially in the sphere of social styles ) , or a decision to substitute another approach , or to not follow the usual expected path in most societies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb7f454ae0e66d346d3672d26d3ddf06", "text": "Orange drink The term orange drink refers to a sweet , sugary , sometimes carbonated , orange-flavored drink . Typically such beverages contain little or no orange juice and are mainly composed of water , sugar or sweeteners , flavor , coloring , and additives , sometimes in that order . As such , they are very low in nutritional value , although many are fortified with vitamin C . In 2002 , however , a `` cheap , fortified , orange-flavored drink '' was developed with the intention of improving nutrition in the third world by adding vitamin A , iron , and iodine to people 's diets . Because orange drinks can be confused with orange juice , the U.S. government requires orange drinks , as well as other beverages whose names allude to fruit products , to state the percentage of juice contained above the `` Nutrition Facts '' label . and requires companies to state them as orange drinks instead of orange juice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9591611ed34470cbe09b9db89b66f74", "text": "Sine qua non Sine qua non ( -LSB- ˌsaɪni_kweɪ_ˈnɒn -RSB- -LSB- ˈsine kwaː ˈnoːn -RSB- ) or conditio sine qua non ( plural : conditiones sine quibus non ) is an indispensable and essential action , condition , or ingredient . It was originally a Latin legal term for '' -LSB- a condition -RSB- without which it could not be '' , or `` but for ... '' or `` without which -LSB- there is -RSB- nothing '' . `` Sine qua non '' causation is the formal terminology for `` but-for '' causation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff4cc52c6d667240d7e86865c3b8c3d", "text": "Dental extraction A dental extraction ( also referred to as tooth extraction , exodontia , exodontics , or informally , tooth pulling ) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus ( socket ) in the alveolar bone . Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons , but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay , periodontal disease or dental trauma , especially when they are associated with toothache . Sometimes wisdom teeth are impacted ( stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth ) and may cause recurrent infections of the gum ( pericoronitis ) . In orthodontics if the teeth are crowded , sound teeth may be extracted ( often bicuspids ) to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened . Tooth extraction is usually relatively straightforward , and the vast majority can be usually performed quickly while the individual is awake by using local anesthetic injections to eliminate painful sensations . Local anesthetic blocks pain , but mechanical forces are still vaguely felt . Some teeth are more difficult to remove for several reasons , especially related to the tooth 's position , the shape of the tooth roots and the integrity of the tooth . Dental phobia is an issue for some individuals , and tooth extraction tends to be feared more than other dental treatments like fillings . If a tooth is buried in the bone , a surgical or trans alveolar approach may be required , which involves cutting the gum away and removal of the bone which is holding the tooth in with a surgical drill . After the tooth is removed , stitches are used to replace the gum into the normal position . Immediately after the tooth is removed , a bite pack is used to apply pressure to the tooth socket and stop the bleeding . After a tooth extraction , dentists usually give advice which revolves around not disturbing the blood clot in the socket by not touching the area with a finger or the tongue , by avoiding vigorous rinsing of the mouth and avoiding strenuous activity . Sucking , such as through a straw , is to be avoided . If the blood clot is dislodged , bleeding can restart , or alveolar osteitis ( `` dry socket '' ) can develop , which can be very painful and lead to delayed healing of the socket . Smoking is avoided for at least 24 hours as it impairs wound healing and makes dry socket significantly more likely . Most advise hot salt water mouth baths which start 24 hours after the extraction . The branch of dentistry that deals primarily with extractions is oral surgery ( `` exodontistry '' ) , although general dentists and periodontists often carry out tooth extraction routinely since it is a core skill taught in dental schools . Periodontists are performing more and more extractions , since they often follow up and place a dental implant .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a92b63b8958605718e5bb7283fbea123", "text": "Tennis Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as `` lawn tennis '' . It had close connections both to various field ( `` lawn '' ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport of real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term `` tennis '' referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis : for example , in Disraeli 's novel Sybil ( 1845 ) , Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will `` go down to Hampton Court and play tennis . '' The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye . Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport . The four Grand Slam tournaments ( also referred to as the `` Majors '' ) are especially popular : the Australian Open played on hard courts , the French Open played on red clay courts , Wimbledon played on grass courts , and the US Open played also on hard courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87b9fb2dd295044b278a702738002c5b", "text": "Tennis ball A tennis ball is a ball designed for the sport of tennis . Tennis balls are fluorescent yellow at major sporting events , but in recreational play can be virtually any color . Tennis balls are covered in a fibrous felt which modifies their aerodynamic properties , and each has a white curvilinear oval covering it .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6353c7a239a975b516e04097f76d90ae", "text": "Sport (botany) In botany , a sport or bud sport , traditionally called lusus , is a part of a plant ( usually a woody plant , but sometimes an herb ) that shows morphological differences from the rest of the plant . Sports may differ by foliage shape or color , flowers , or branch structure . Sports with desirable characteristics are often propagated vegetatively to form new cultivars that retain the characteristics of the new morphology . Such selections are often prone to `` reversion '' , meaning that part or all of the plant reverts to its original form . An example of a bud sport is the nectarine , at least some of which developed as a bud sport from peaches . Other common fruits resulting from a sport mutation are the red Anjou pear and the ` Pink Lemonade ' lemon which is a sport of the `` Eureka '' lemon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da0006eca6f726f570ddb15e73a1f666", "text": "Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Qualification Qualification for tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil is determined not by any form of qualifying tournament , but by the rankings maintained by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) and the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c381b4381758c72106c2d8e539f868b", "text": "Types of tennis match Traditionally , tennis is played between two people in a singles match , or two pairs in a doubles match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99ec6626a1ceb73ebb9e4a65f66bf3b4", "text": "Tennis at the 1906 Intercalated Games At the 1906 Intercalated Games , four events in tennis were contested . Now called the Intercalated Games , the 1906 Games were at the time regarded as an official Olympics event . This status was retroactively revoked by the International Olympic Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbe56bb0ce367e5bd167bf697009859", "text": "Tennis (magazine) Tennis is an American sports magazine owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group . There are 8 issues per year covering the world of tennis . The tennis.com website is an offshoot of the magazine and still part of the same media company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "368f815a364b8a5924186d5253992b22", "text": "French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3357ebd567ae82cd042a865688bca019", "text": "Tennis in Italy Tennis in Italy is the 6th sport , with 1,298,000 persons , by number of practitioners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6944a188694cfcc446509edb88dc6b80", "text": "Roger Draper Roger Draper is the former Chief Executive of Sport England from 2003 to 2006 , and the Lawn Tennis Association from 2006 to 2013 . In his time at Sport England , Draper had overall accountability for business turnover of # 340m , and was involved in London 's 2012 Olympic bid , and the Wembley National Stadium construction project . As Accounting Officer for Sport England , he had responsibility for reporting to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , and represented the organisation at a wide range of Select Committees , including the Public Accounts Committee hearing on the Wembley National Stadium Project , in 2003 . He also led a major review and reorganisation of the # 450m spent on sport in the UK . This included the completion of the # 120m English Institute of Sport network of high performance facilities including new centres at Bath and Loughborough Universities , and a review of corporate governance across a number of sports , including athletics , hockey , rugby league , golf , cricket , boxing , karate and bowls . Draper joined the LTA in 2006 and published the ` Blueprint , a Strategy for British Tennis ' , which set out his plans to transform the national governing body for British tennis . This included a complete restructure of the organisation , a new commercial strategy and programme , the introduction of Talent ID , and a comprehensive review and rebuild of all the LTA 's major events . During his time at the LTA , turnover grew by 45 % to # 65m , and commercial revenues increased by three and a half times , in part the result of a ground-breaking Lead Partner agreement with pensions provider Aegon UK . British Tennis membership grew by 500 % and the number of juniors playing competitive tennis sevenfold . Draper was also responsible for introducing a new mini tennis programme and a nationwide talent ID system for British tennis . During this period , Great Britain won the Junior Davis Cup for the first time , and a number of British juniors won grand slam singles and doubles titles . In 2007 Draper withdrew funding from Naomi Broady , then age 17 and the leading junior , as a disciplinary measure for posting pictures and comments online wholly unrelated to tennis . This resulted in a feud which has resulted in Broady refusing to play for GB ever since and funding her own career . The general opinion of observers was that Draper was reflecting an LTA mindset which discredited tennis and put back attempts to widen participation beyond a narrow wealthy social group . In 2013 , Andy Murray became the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title for 77 years . Despite a growth in the number of children playing tennis , Draper 's tenure was criticised for failing to increase levels of participation among adults . The problems of participation came to a head when in December 2012 Sport England announced that # 10.3 million of the LTA 's # 17.4 million funding total had been put on hold , with Sport England chief executive Jennie Price telling Press Association Sport : `` Tennis has not performed well in terms of participation '' . Sport England subsequently released the funding to the LTA . After his salary package at the LTA was revealed to be # 640,000 in 2012 , Draper and the LTA received further criticism , including from Baroness Billingham , the Chair of Parliament 's All-Party Tennis Group . His 7 1/2 year tenure as chief executive of the LTA came to an end in March 2013 when he announced that he would stand down in September 2013 Draper opposed the creation of the # 40 million National Tennis Centre at Roehampton , and in August 2014 , it was reported that the centre was to close , just 7 years after it was opened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1656848597a3a7739d4544c27c5484c6", "text": "Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association The Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association ( Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond ) ( KNLTB ) is the national governing body of tennis in the Netherlands . It was constituted in 1899 in Amsterdam by 15 Dutch tennis associations as the Dutch Lawn Tennis Association and received the description `` royal '' upon its 40th birthday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5831dc87af12b2bb02e4a0a7611e69ff", "text": "Super World Court is a tennis arcade game which had been released by Namco in 1992 only in Japan ; it runs on Namco NA-1 hardware , and as the name suggests , it is the sequel to Pro Tennis : World Court which was released four years earlier . It is also the second of the company 's two Japan-exclusive games to feature the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's `` Winners Do n't Use Drugs '' screen in its attract sequence ( as the first was Exvania ) , and at the start of the game , players must select either `` singles '' ( 1P vs CPU/2P ) or `` doubles '' ( 1P & CPU/2P vs 3P/CPU & 4P/CPU ) - they will then have to select one of sixteen new players ( seven male , six female , and three animal/robot , as none of the original 's players survived the transition from 5121 to 4096 colours ) and select one of the four new courts ( USA hard , France clay , GB grass , and Namco funny , the last of which must be the equivalent of Japan ) . The players must then decide whether they want their match to be one or three sets long ; the company 's signature character , Pac-Man , also makes a cameo appearance upon the Namco court ( in fact , there are five of him in the screenshot to the right , playing the parts of ball boys , and if the players hit the two on the sides of the court , who pick up the ball when it hits the net , they will fly across the court while shouting `` NO ! '' , but will reappear on the other side of it the next time a point is scored , and this also applies to the regular ball boys on the other courts ) . Also , whenever a player scores a point , the text `` NICE SHOT '' will appear under a portrait of their chosen player , and there 's also a timer that counts down from a maximum of 360 seconds ( depending on how the cabinet has been set ) in the top-right corner of the screen ; if it has run out by the time a set has been won , the players will have to insert another coin within ten seconds if they wish to continue playing , because if they do not , the losing player ( or team , if three or four players ) shall immediately forfeit the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9663c460dbef962873261eb73fe58541", "text": "Groundstroke A groundstroke or ground stroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court . It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court , around the baseline . A tennis player whose strategy is to trade groundstrokes with the opponent is termed a baseliner , as opposed to volleyers who prefers to hit volleys near the net . There are many factors that may define a good groundstroke . For example , one groundstroke may use topspin and another backspin . Both can be effective for different reasons having to do with depth , opponent 's strength or weaknesses , etc. . Some characteristics of groundstrokes are : depth ( how close the ball lands to the opponent 's baseline ) , speed ( how fast it travels in the air ) , pace ( the ball 's behavior after it bounces on the opponent 's side ) , trajectory , and placement . If a `` good groundstroke '' is to be played , it would generally have a combination of the above characteristics to produce a shot that is difficult for the opponent to return . Generally , a groundstroke that lands deep and in the corner of the opponent 's court will make it more difficult for the opponent to return the ball . However , this is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the opponent and stage of the point being played . For example , a short angled shot , a moon ball ( very high trajectory ) , an off pace shot , etc. , may prove effective against opponent A but not opponent B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63375dac3e9b6fd02a77c46e3221fff", "text": "Swiss Tennis Swiss Tennis is the governing body of tennis in Switzerland . It is headquartered at the national tennis center in Biel/Bienne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa8c058b83759a27fd3bf3065751c00", "text": "NCAA Men's Division II Tennis Championship The NCAA Division II Men 's Tennis Championship is an annual men 's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for teams in Division II . Unlike the championships for Division I and Division III , this tournament crowns only a team champion . Individual and doubles titles were contested from 1963 to 1994 before being discontinued . The championship first began in 1963 as the NCAA College Division Men 's Tennis Championship for smaller colleges and universities not in the larger University Division ( the precursor to the current Division I ) . The tournament gained its current name when the NCAA introduced its three-division structure in 1973 -- 74 . The national championship rounds are contested annually in May .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4c1a2dc868b22f8489c76f7a069d1f0b", "text": "Charles II of England Charles II ( 29 May 1630 -- 6 February 1685 ) was king of England , Scotland and Ireland . He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651 , and king of England , Scotland and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death . Charles II 's father , Charles I , was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649 , at the climax of the English Civil War . Although the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649 , England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth , and the country was a de facto republic , led by Oliver Cromwell . Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 , and Charles fled to mainland Europe . Cromwell became virtual dictator of England , Scotland and Ireland , and Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France , the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands . A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy , and Charles was invited to return to Britain . On 29 May 1660 , his 30th birthday , he was received in London to public acclaim . After 1660 , all legal documents were dated as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649 . Charles 's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code , designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England . Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance . The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War . In 1670 , he entered into the secret treaty of Dover , an alliance with his first cousin King Louis XIV of France . Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension , and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date . Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence , but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it . In 1679 , Titus Oates 's revelations of a supposed `` Popish Plot '' sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles 's brother and heir ( James , Duke of York ) was a Catholic . The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties . Charles sided with the Tories , and , following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683 , some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile . Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681 , and ruled alone until his death on 6 February 1685 . He was received into the Roman Catholic Church on his deathbed . Charles was popularly known as the Merry Monarch , in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans . Charles 's wife , Catherine of Braganza , bore no live children , but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses . He was succeeded by his brother James .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "115bc64578b0078928515db0cfdc76cc", "text": "Henry Mildmay Sir Henry Mildmay ( ca. 1593 -- 1668 ) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1659 . He supported the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War and was one of the Regicides of Charles I of England . Mildmay was knighted in 1617 and made Master of the Jewel Office in 1618 . In 1621 , Mildmay was elected Member of Parliament for Maldon . He was elected MP for Westbury in 1624 and Maldon again in 1625 and 1628 . He sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years He attended Charles I on a visit to Scotland in 1639 . In April 1640 Mildmay was elected MP for Maldon in the Short Parliament . He was re-elected MP for Maldon in the Long Parliament in November 1640 He supported parliament during the Civil War and was a revenue commissioner between 1645 and 1652 . In 1646 he was left as hostage in Scotland . He remained in the Rump Parliament after Pride 's Purge and was present at the trial of Charles I. Mildmay was a member of the Councils of State from 1649 until 1652 . He was called on to account for the king 's jewels in 1660 and attempted to escape . He was disgraced and sentenced to imprisonment for life . In 1664 a warrant was issued for his transportation to Tangier , where he died four years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298e7e2abb9c3ac5a2efe85795916333", "text": "Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 . The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London . The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fce39bf47b983f719d3f68493ec265fe", "text": "Restoration (Scotland) The Restoration was the return of the monarchy to Scotland in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth , and the subsequent three decades of Scottish history until the Revolution and Convention of Estates of 1689 . It was part of a wider Restoration in the British Isles that included the return of the Stuart dynasty to the thrones of England and Ireland in the person of Charles II . As military commander of the Commonwealth 's largest armed force , George Monck , governor-general in Scotland , was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II , who was proclaimed king in Edinburgh on 14 May 1660 . There was a general pardon for offences during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , but four individuals were excepted and executed . Under the eventual political settlement Scotland regained its independent system of law , parliament and kirk , but also regained the Lords of the Articles and bishops , and it now had a king who did not visit the country and ruled largely without reference to Parliament through a series of commissioners . These began with the Earl of Middleton and ended with the King 's brother and heir , James , Duke of York . The restoration of the Scottish Episcopacy led to a series of conflicts between Presbyterians and the Bishops of the Episcopalian establishment , culminating in the persecution of The Killing Time . Charles died in 1685 and his brother the Duke of York succeeded him as James VII of Scotland and II of England . He survived attempted rebellions , but alienated much of the political nation by his Catholicism and policies . When William of Orange of the Netherlands , James ' Protestant son-in-law , invaded England in 1688 , James fled and William and his wife took over the throne as William II and Mary II . William called a Scottish Convention , which was dominated by the Presbyterians . It offered William and Mary the crown , and after the defeat of James ' supporters the bishops were abolished and a Presbyterian system reinstated in the kirk . The economic conditions of the period were generally favourable , although the restoration of Scottish independence reinstated the economic border with England and English tariffs . The restoration of the monarchy also saw the restoration of the nobility to political power , although they may have exercised their power with more caution . It also saw the rise of the lairds , who continued to gain new local political powers . There was an attempt to restore the theatre to Scotland , which had suffered from the lack of a court and the hostility of the kirk . The Restoration saw the introduction of a style of country house among the Scottish nobility that encouraged a move towards a more leisure-oriented architecture . As in England , sculpture was dominated by foreign professionals . Scotland produced some notable artists and was also visited by many important continental artists . The period between 1679 and 1689 saw the foundation of many institutions that would be important in Scottish cultural and intellectual life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8982e60c9634165648dde10ba72b639f", "text": "Cultural depictions of Edward II of England Edward II of England has been portrayed in popular culture a number of times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad399a36f03cbfc7e54ef23fb9144d1", "text": "Edgar Ætheling Edgar Ætheling ( also spelt Æþeling , Aetheling , Atheling or Etheling ) or Edgar II ( c. 1051 -- c. 1126 ) was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex ( see House of Wessex family tree ) . He was proclaimed , but never crowned , King of England in 1066 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4182a7525b8c515de33bed895515ea", "text": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death . Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 . As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences . Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92e2aa20923dcd87fe52d51ce4c66fc", "text": "Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 . The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' . Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e820036b77ffddafd5384705332b02da", "text": "Charles II Charles II may refer to : Charles the Bald ( 823 -- 877 ) , king of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor Charles II of Naples ( 1254 -- 1309 ) Charles II of Alençon ( 1297 -- 1346 ) Charles II of Navarre ( 1332 -- 1387 ) Charles II , Duke of Lorraine ( 1364 -- 1431 ) Charles II , Duke of Bourbon ( 1434 -- 1488 ) Charles II , Duke of Savoy ( 1489 -- 1496 ) Charles II , Archduke of Inner Austria ( 1540 -- 1590 ) Charles II , Duke of Elbeuf ( 1596 -- 1657 ) Charles II , Duke of Mantua and Montferrat ( 1629 -- 1665 ) Charles II of England ( 1630 -- 1685 ) , Scotland and Ireland Charles II , Elector Palatine ( 1651 -- 1685 ) Charles II of Spain ( 1661 -- 1700 ) Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685 -- 1740 ) , also known as Charles II of Bohemia Charles de Secondat , baron de Montesquieu ( 1689 -- 1755 ) , French political philosopher of the Enlightenment era Charles II , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( 1741 -- 1816 ) Charles II of Norway ( 1748 -- 1818 ) , also known as Charles XIII of Sweden Charles II of Sweden ( 1409 -- 1470 ) , usually called Charles VIII Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel ( 1744 -- 1836 ) Charles II , Duke of Parma ( 1799 -- 1883 ) Charles II , Duke of Guelders ( 1467 -- 1538 ) Charles II , Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal ( 1803 -- 1868 ) Charles II , Lord of Monaco ( 1555 -- 1589 ) Charles II , Duke of Brunswick ( 1804 -- 1873 ) Charles II , Count of Nevers ( died 1521 ) Charles II , Margrave of Baden-Durlach ( 1529 -- 1577 ) Charles Christian II ( 1818 -- 1886 ) Charles II , Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ( 1547 -- 1606 ) Charles Ridgely II ( 1702 -- 1772 ) Charles Scribner II ( 1854 -- 1930 ) Charles Tyroler II ( died 1995 ) Charles Cabrier II", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8", "text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f3ce54bd0347ac6ea4646af0557a2f1", "text": "Duration of English Parliaments before 1660 This article augments the List of Parliaments of England to be found elsewhere ( see link below ) and to precede Duration of English , British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660 , with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them . The definition of which bodies should be classified as Parliaments becomes increasingly problematic before the accession of the Tudor monarchs , starting with King Henry VII . Different sources may vary in the number of Parliaments in a particular reign . The columns in the tables below count backwards from the Parliament elected in 2005 . This is not the conventional way of numbering Parliaments . The No . column contains the number counting forward from the accession of particular monarchs of England before 1660 ( or the Commonwealth and Protectorate regimes of the 1650s ) . The duration column is calculated from the date of the first meeting of the Parliament , to that of dissolution , using a year-month-day format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c107b9394e95f8a68ec11ef8ad2d9f8", "text": "Caroline era The Caroline or Carolean era refers to the era in English and Scottish history during the Stuart period ( 1603 -- 1714 ) that coincided with the reign of Charles I ( 1625 -- 1642 ) , Carolus being Latin for Charles . The Caroline era followed the Jacobean era , the reign of Charles 's father James I ( 1603 -- 1625 ) ; it was followed by the English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1651 ) and the English Interregnum ( 1651 -- 1660 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33472e415e0ea5b1ed960408df64d206", "text": "List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–60 This is a list of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England from 1642 to 1660 , during the English Civil War and the Interregnum . As King Charles I of England would not assent to Bills from a Parliament at war with him , decrees of Parliament before the Third English Civil War were styled ordinances . The Rump Parliament reverted to using the term `` Act '' on 6 January 1649 when it passed the Act erecting a High Court of Justice for the trial of the King ( when any possibility of reconciliation between King and Parliament was over ) . All but one subsequent decree were termed Acts through to the end of the interregnum . All of these Ordinances and Acts were considered void after the English Restoration due to their lack of Royal Assent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ff9eaddc5b5fb137a170fa0a4d0831", "text": "Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland Charles Palmer , later FitzRoy , 2nd Duke of Cleveland , 1st Duke of Southampton , KG , Chief Butler of England ( 18 June 1662 -- 9 September 1730 ) , styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675 , was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer , Countess of Castlemaine ( née Barbara Villiers , later 1st Duchess of Cleveland ) and the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England , Scotland and Ireland . As the putative son of Roger Palmer , 1st Earl of Castlemaine , his nominal father , he was styled Lord Limerick from birth . His birth marked the separation of his parents ; Lord Castlemaine , a Roman Catholic , had him baptised into the Roman Catholic faith , but six days later the King had him re-christened into the Church of England . In 1670 , at the age of eight , he was betrothed to Mary Wood , daughter of Sir Henry Wood , Clerk of the Green Cloth , but with the proviso that the marriage be delayed until Mary turned 16 . Following the death of her father , the Duchess of Cleveland more or less abducted Mary , with the intention of bringing her up with her own children . He had no children of this marriage but had from his second marriage to Anne Pulteney . In 1675 he was created Duke of Southampton and upon the death of his mother in 1709 he became 2nd Duke of Cleveland , by a special remainder in the Dukedom which allowed it to pass to him , even though he was illegitimate . He died aged 68 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4c64895537f8187623fb37194815f4", "text": "Our Island Story Our Island Story : A Child 's History of England is a book by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall , first published in 1905 in London by T. C. & E. C. Jack . It covers the history of England from the time of the Roman occupation until Queen Victoria 's death , using a mixture of traditional history and mythology to explain the story of British history in a way accessible to younger readers . Prime Minister David Cameron chose Our Island Story when asked to select his favourite childhood book in October 2010 : `` When I was younger , I particularly enjoyed ` Our Island Story ' by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall -LSB- ... -RSB- It is written in a way that really captured my imagination and which nurtured my interest in the history of our great nation . '' The book depicts the union of England and Scotland as a desirable and inevitable event , and praises rebels and the collective will of the common people in opposing tyrants , including kings like John and Charles I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7100993df8ba067288ea043e3cf7392d", "text": "Descent of Elizabeth II from William the Conqueror This list shows the most senior line of descent of Elizabeth II , the current British Sovereign , from William I. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list . There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family , but the crown , in theory at least , only descends through the most senior line ( a major exception being the exclusion of the genealogically senior Jacobite succession by the Act of Settlement 1701 ) . Owing to extinct lines , large parts of entire royal houses ( Lancaster , Tudor , Stuart ) are bypassed in the current most senior line . The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774d32a9ca141667065272f45aaac608", "text": "Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6fc4348de13d58b9b90e108641eac4fc", "text": "Ontario Ontario ( -LSB- ɒnˈtɛərioʊ -RSB- -LSB- ɔ̃taʁjo -RSB- ) , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2700 km border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the west at Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These are the Rainy River , the Pigeon River , Lake Superior , the St. Marys River , Lake Huron , the St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , the Detroit River , Lake Erie , the Niagara River , Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km of land border made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is located in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "94bfdb400439c02df2a392ede1b022f6", "text": "Tonawanda Creek (Ontario) Tonawanda Creek is a creek in Central Ontario , Canada . It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and is a right tributary of the Big East River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c2418d84da429b243552689363b060", "text": "Missisa Lake Missisa Lake is a lake in northeastern Kenora District in northwestern Ontario , Canada . It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is the source of the Missisa River , which beings at the southeast of the lake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b65b10adb675b2ab3d73a0a3b90f13", "text": "Lake Temagami Lake Temagami , formerly spelled as Lake Timagami , is a lake in Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario , Canada , situated approximately 80 km north of North Bay . The lake 's name comes from Te-mee-ay-gaming , which means `` deep water by the shore '' in the Ojibwa language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63c0dba830a792f31d75856f4ab9638e", "text": "Ottawa River The Ottawa River ( Rivière des Outaouais , Algonquin : Kitchissippi ) , is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec . For most of its length , it defines the border between these two provinces . It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2626990468332aa079da5d18010eacfe", "text": "Boyne River (Nottawasaga River) The Boyne River is a river in Simcoe County and Dufferin County in Central Ontario , Canada . It is part of the Great Lakes Basin , and is a left tributary of the Nottawasaga River . The rivers falls within the jurisdiction of the Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3203342d2f31357c5108a0197cfb48ca", "text": "Ontarian River The Ontarian River is the term used for the pre-glacial river that began the creation of the valley in Silurian age shales and limestones now occupied by Lake Ontario . The valley was greatly deepened by glacial action during the Ice age . The original flow is thought to have been westward beginning from the Laurentian shield in the present area of the St. Lawrence River to eventually join the Mississippi River drainage system . During continental glaciation , the tremendous weight of the glacier depressed the area of the St. Lawrence so much that a lower point of drainage was established eastward through the present river system . The area is still rebounding , however , and the rise could further rearrange drainage within geologic time by raising the outlet of Lake Ontario sufficient for it to drain at some other , lower point .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee8a2815bc7ef289a39d78ce1c57858", "text": "Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario) The Rainy River ( French : Rivière à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-ziibi ) is a river , approximately 137 km long , which forms part of the Canada -- United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario . The river issues from the west side of Rainy Lake ( French : lac à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-zaaga ` igan ) and flows generally west-northwest , between International Falls , Minnesota , and Fort Frances , Ontario , and between Baudette , Minnesota , and Rainy River , Ontario . It enters the southern end of Lake of the Woods approximately 19 km northwest of Baudette and Rainy River . It is used for hydroelectricity at International Falls . The river shares its name with the town of Rainy River , Ontario , and Rainy Lake . In addition , it shares its Ojibwe name with the Couchiching First Nation and Koochiching County , Minnesota . The drainage basin of the river stretches east to the height of land about 100 km west of Lake Superior , where it was the southeast corner of the huge tract of land granted to the Hudson 's Bay Company in 1670 . It ultimately drains through the Winnipeg River , Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . The Baudette-Rainy River International Bridge and the Fort Frances-International Falls International Bridge both cross the Rainy River . The Ontario and Rainy River Railway , opened in 1901 and now part of Canadian National , follows the river on the Canadian side . The river was the site of the short story `` On the Rainy River '' in Tim O'Brien 's novel The Things They Carried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54990cc1ebc2b56a5023841dac2ee8d1", "text": "Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario , Canada . It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams . It has a wide diversity of woodlands , wetlands , watercourses , kettle lakes , kettle bogs , and significant flora and fauna . It is one of the few remaining continuous green corridors in southern Ontario : it remains thirty percent forested and is one of the last refuges for forest birds in all of southern Ontario . The moraine provides habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species , over seventy of which are threatened or endangered in Canada , including the West Virginia white butterfly , Jefferson salamander , red-shouldered hawk , and American ginseng . The moraine 's rare wetlands support plants and insects more typical of northern Ontario . The remnants of tallgrass prairie and oak-pine savanna in the eastern portion are globally threatened ecosystems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0453a9c51a73c6ec1a8076be8f015e57", "text": "Petawawa River The Petawawa River is a river in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin in Nipissing District and Renfrew County in eastern and northeastern Ontario , Canada . The river flows from Algonquin Provincial Park to the Ottawa River at the town of Petawawa , and is only one of two major tributaries of the Ottawa River to flow completely free ( the other being the Dumoine River ) . The river 's name comes from the Algonquian for `` where one hears a noise like this '' , which refers to its many rapids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25c9188b363fd5e8138eca02ae1055da", "text": "Ontario Hydro Ontario Hydro , established in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario , was a publicly owned electricity utility in the Province of Ontario . It was formed to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity generated by private companies already operating at Niagara Falls , and soon developed its own generation resources by buying private generation stations and becoming a major designer and builder of new stations . As most of the readily developed hydroelectric sites became exploited , the corporation expanded into building coal-fired generation and then nuclear-powered facilities . Renamed as `` Ontario Hydro '' in 1974 , by the 1990s it had become one of the largest , fully integrated electricity corporations in North America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e3e73e16fe084c2f66696f7a1fb7875", "text": "Champlain Sea The Champlain Sea was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean , created by the retreating glaciers during the close of the last ice age . The Sea once included lands in what are now the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario , as well as parts of the American states of New York and Vermont . The mass of ice from the continental ice sheets had depressed the rock beneath it over millennia . At the end of the last ice age , while the rock was still depressed , the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys , as well as modern Lake Champlain , were below sea level and flooded with rising worldwide sea levels , once the ice no longer prevented the ocean from flowing into the region . As the land gradually rose again , in the process known as isostatic rebound , the sea coast gradually retreated to its current location . The sea lasted from about 13,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago and was continuously shrinking during that time , since the rebounding continent was slowly rising above sea level . At its peak , the sea extended inland as far south as Lake Champlain and somewhat farther west than the city of Ottawa , Ontario , and farther up the Ottawa River past Pembroke . The remaining glaciers fed the sea during that time , making it more brackish than typical seawater . It is estimated that the sea was as much as 150 m above the level of today 's Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers . The best evidence of this former sea is the vast clay plain deposited along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers . This resulted in distinctive forest types , and large wetlands . Other modern evidence of the sea can be seen in the form of whale fossils , ( belugas , fin whales , and bowhead whales ) and marine shells that have been found near the cities of Ottawa , Ontario , and Montreal , Quebec . There are also fossils of oceanic fish such as capelin . The Sea also left ancient raised shorelines in the former coastal regions , and the Leda clay deposits in areas of deeper water . The northern shore of the lake was in southern Quebec where outcrops of the Canadian shield form the Eardley Escarpment . This escarpment still has distinctive plants that may date back to the sea . The Eardley Escarpment is known locally as the Gatineau Hills ; part of the Mattawa fault at the southeastern edge of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , in Eastern Ontario and the Outaouais region of Quebec , more commonly known as the Ottawa Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd08a4fd49749c63483c5643a69d7ff", "text": "Grand Portage National Monument Grand Portage National Monument is a United States National Monument located on the north shore of Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota that preserves a vital center of fur trade activity and Anishinaabeg Ojibwe heritage . The Grand Portage is an 8.5 mi ( 2720 rod ) footpath which bypasses a set of waterfalls and rapids on the last 20 mi of the Pigeon River before it flows into Lake Superior . This path is part of the historic trade route of the French-Canadian voyageurs and coureur des bois between their wintering grounds and their depots to the east . Composed of the Pigeon River and other strategic interior streams , lakes , and portages , this route was of enormous importance in pre-industrial times . It provided quick water access from Canada 's settled areas and Atlantic ports to the fur-rich North-Western Territory . Some 50 mi upstream from Lake Superior , this trade route crosses the Height of Land Portage , on the Northern continental divide , and connects South Lake in the Pigeon River/Great Lakes watershed with North Lake of the Rainy River watershed . Grand Portage therefore was an essential link between the drainage basin of the Nelson River to Arctic Ocean and that of the Saint Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd35b9b793e29ec9efe1f007f418040", "text": "Little Skootamatta Creek Little Skootamatta Creek is a creek in the Moira River and Lake Ontario drainage basins in Hastings and Lennox and Addington Counties in Ontario , Canada . The river 's name is thought to come from Ojibwa words meaning `` burnt shoreline '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93685481e42d17369100962288c890b2", "text": "List of Michigan islands in Lake Huron The following is a list of Michigan islands in Lake Huron . Lake Huron is the second largest of the Great Lakes ( after Lake Superior ) . With a surface area of 23,010 mi ² ( 59,596 km ² ) , it ranks as the third largest fresh water lake in the world . Michigan is the only U.S. state to border Lake Huron , while the portion of the lake on the other side of the international border belongs to the Canadian province of Ontario . For the islands belonging to Ontario , see the List of Ontario islands in Lake Huron . This article also does not include islands that are part of the St. Marys River . The vast majority of Michigan 's islands in Lake Huron are centered on Drummond Island in the northernmost portion of the state 's lake territory . Drummond Island is the largest of Michigan 's islands in Lake Huron and is the second largest Michigan island after Lake Superior 's Isle Royale . Another large group of islands is the Les Cheneaux Islands archipelago , which itself contains dozens of small islands . Many of the lake 's islands are very small and uninhabited . As the most popular tourist destination in the state , Mackinac Island is the most well known of Lake Huron 's islands . Drummond Island is the most populous of Michigan 's islands in Lake Huron , with a population of 992 at the 2000 census . While Mackinac Island had a population of only 553 , there are thousands more seasonal workers and tourists during the summer months .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2910a024ab7063a7e9e1c780f8b60ca6", "text": "Chippewa River Chippewa River may refer to : Chippewa River ( Michigan ) Chippewa River ( Minnesota ) Chippewa River ( Wisconsin ) Chippewa River ( Ontario )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eca10030196fcc70d6dbad05d387051", "text": "Conestogo Lake Conestogo Lake is a lake on Conestogo River in Waterloo Region and Wellington County in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It is a reservoir with a flood control dam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7cfc99e8b97be1980148871edd2b1f", "text": "List of provincial parks of Central Ontario This is a list of provincial parks in Central Ontario . These provincial parks are maintained by Ontario Parks . For a list of other provincial parks in Ontario , see the List of provincial parks in Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3583bfc33933b0532a9448921c5cc29b", "text": "Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7722072fbf96e391b1bac526f1080557", "text": "Moon River (Ontario) The Moon River is a river in west central Ontario , Canada , which flows from Bala Bay on Lake Muskoka and empties into Georgian Bay south of Parry Sound . The section of the Moon River from Bala to Moon Chute and the Musquash River , which splits off from this river at Moon Chute , were officially considered to be a continuation of the Muskoka River until 1968 . The name of the river is thought to be derived from its Ojibwa name moonz-ziibi , which means `` moose river '' . The Moon River flows from Gaunt Bay which is filled by lake Muskoka . This area around Moon River is known to be the home of the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake , one of the few rattlesnake species found in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b92acea91b607e4eb5333ded9631610", "text": "Grand River (Ontario) The Grand River ( Grande-Riviere in French and O : se Kenhionhata : tie in Mohawk ) is a large river in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It also lies along the western fringe of the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario which overlaps the eastern portion of southwestern Ontario along the length of this river . From its source near Wareham , Ontario , it flows south through Grand Valley , Fergus , Elora , Waterloo , Kitchener , Cambridge , Paris , Brantford , Caledonia , and Cayuga before emptying into the north shore of Lake Erie south of Dunnville at Port Maitland . One of the scenic and spectacular features of the river is the falls and Gorge at Elora . The Grand River is the largest river that is entirely within southern Ontario 's boundaries . The river owes its size to the unusual fact that its source is relatively close to the base of the Bruce Peninsula , yet it flows southwards to Lake Erie , rather than to central Lake Huron or Georgian Bay ( most southern Ontario rivers flow into the nearest Great Lake , which is why most of them are small ) , thus giving it more distance to take in more water from tributaries . The river 's rural character , ease of access and lack of portages make it a desirable canoeing location , especially the stretch between West Montrose and Paris . A number of conservation areas have been established along the river , and are managed by the Grand River Conservation Authority . The Grand Valley Trail stretches 275 km along the river 's valley between the town of Dundalk and Lake Erie . The Mohawk name for the Grand River , O : se Kenhionhata : tie means `` Willow River , '' for the many willows in the watershed . During the 18th century , the French colonists named it Grande-Rivière . It was later renamed as Ouse River by John Graves Simcoe for the River Great Ouse near his childhood home in Lincolnshire on the east coast of England . The anglicized form of the French name has remained in common use .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1e706644f948f21fed929d113695298c", "text": "Colm Feore Colm Feore ( born August 22 , 1958 ) is an American-Canadian stage , film and television actor best known for his roles as First Gentleman Henry Taylor on the television series , 24 and as Lord Marshal Zhylaw in The Chronicles of Riddick .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0659f27918c3e005a255f04d2e85d35a", "text": "Hardman Lever Sir Samuel Hardman Lever , 1st Baronet , KCB ( 18 April 1869 -- 1 July 1947 ) , generally known as Sir Hardman Lever , and as `` Sammie '' to his friends , was an English accountant and civil servant . Lever was born in Bootle , Lancashire , and was educated at Merchant Taylors ' School . He qualified as a chartered accountant in 1890 . He worked as an accountant in Liverpool , New York City and London . In August 1915 , he was appointed Assistant Financial Secretary at the Ministry of Munitions , where he was in charge of contracts and finance . At the end of 1916 , he was appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury , usually a political office , and nominally held the post until 1921 . From 1917 he held the post jointly with Stanley Baldwin and after 1919 left most of the duties to the latter . He also served as an Assistant Commissioner for Finance in the United States , 1917 -- 1918 , Treasury Representative at the Ministry of Transport , 1919 -- 1921 , a member of Weir Committee on Electricity which led to the establishment of the National Grid , and Chairman of the Telegraph Committee of Enquiry . He also headed Air Missions to Canada in 1938 , and to Australia and New Zealand in 1939 . He was knighted as Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in 1917 and created a baronet in the 1920 New Year Honours . He was also awarded the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Crown of Italy . He is buried with his wife , Edythe , in the churchyard of St Mary 's , Kings Worthy , Winchester , Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd787747077a29f93b0267198689de9", "text": "The Great Duke of Florence The Great Duke of Florence is an early Caroline era stage play , a tragicomedy written by Philip Massinger , and first published in 1636 . It has been called `` one of Massinger 's best dramas , '' and `` a masterpiece of dramatic construction . '' A play titled The Great Duke was licensed for performance by Sir Henry Herbert , the Master of the Revels , on 5 July 1627 ; the scholarly consensus interprets this as referring to Massinger 's play . Topical allusions in the text have been read as indicating a date of authorship between October 1623 and March 1625 . The play was acted by Queen Henrietta 's Men at the Cockpit Theatre , and was published in quarto in 1636 by the bookseller John Marriot ; Massinger dedicated the work to one of his patrons , Sir Robert Wiseman , in gratitude for his `` supportment and protection . '' The quarto includes two commendatory poems , one by John Ford . Massinger is thought to have based his plot on the traditional story of Ethelwald and Elfrida , available to him in several versions ; he may also have been influenced by an earlier play , A Knack to Know a Knave . The play had no other publications or revival productions in its own era or in subsequent generations -- somewhat surprisingly , since critics have tended to regard it highly . Algernon Charles Swinburne called it `` remarkable even among Massinger 's works for elegance and grace of execution ; '' William Gifford , in his edition of Massinger 's works , wrote that `` It is impossible not to be charmed with the manner in which this play is written . '' In the play , Massinger exploits the richness of a courtly style , full of `` gay flourishes of language '' ( Act IV , scene ii ) , perhaps more successfully than in any other of his works . Though generally classified as a tragicomedy , there is nothing tragic and little serious in it ; the play can just as correctly be called a comedy of manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63489d5b9cf12bae6295c7a8de9fea92", "text": "Dixon Edward Hoste Dixon Edward Hoste ( 23 July 1861 -- 11 May 1946 ) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China and the longest lived of the Cambridge Seven and successor to James Hudson Taylor as General Director of the China Inland Mission , ( from 1902 to 1935 ) . He was the son of Major General Dixon Edward Hoste . He was educated at Clifton College and the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich , and at the age of 18 was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery . In 1882 he experienced conversion under the influence of Dwight Lyman Moody . In 1883 he became interested in the work of the China Inland Mission , and was the first of the Cambridge Seven to apply to work with this mission , and after some delay was accepted , sailing for China in 1885 . He was sent to Küwu ( presumably Quwo ) , to the south of Linfen in Southern Shanxi . In 1886 , he was ordained as a pastor by Hudson Taylor , and moved to Hungtung ( now Hongdong or Hongtong ) to work with Stanley Peregrine Smith who had opened an opium refuge there at the invitation of Pastor Hsi . He worked under Hsi , wore Chinese clothes , ate Chinese food , and tried to get an insight into the Chinese mind . Hoste is credited with making the Chinese churches apply the indigenous principles of self-government , self-support , and self-propagation . This threefold motto was later adopted by the Three-Self Patriotic Movement after missionaries were expelled from China . In 1893 , he married Gertrude Broomhall , daughter of CIM General Secretary Benjamin Broomhall and his wife Amelia , ( Hudson Taylor 's sister ) . Because of ill-health Mr Hoste visited England in 1896 and then spent some time in Australia before returning to China . During his appointment as General Director of the China Inland Mission he was based in Shanghai , and after internment there by the Japanese Army from 1944 to 1945 , returned to England where he died in 1946 at the Mildmay Nursing Home . His wife had died in Shanghai 12th April 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c4231fa9846e54af5255be5a269e090", "text": "Pembroke's Men The Earl of Pembroke 's Men was an Elizabethan era playing company , or troupe of actors , in English Renaissance theatre . They functioned under the patronage of Henry Herbert , 2nd Earl of Pembroke . Early and equivocal mentions of a Pembroke 's company reach as far back as 1575 ; but the company is known for certain to have been in existence in 1592 . In that year , a share in the company was valued at # 80 ( more than William Shakespeare would pay for New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon five years later ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b", "text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d28233b57364a5a87bc4b7a3c9b52d3b", "text": "Thomas Henty Thomas Henty ( 19January 195613August 1988 ) was an English actor , and the son of the magician and prop comedian Tommy Cooper . Born Thomas John Cooper , he attended Sutton Court Primary School in Chiswick and Latymer Upper School , Hammersmith . He went on to appear alongside his famous father in an episode of the Thames Television variety series London Night Out in 1979 , as well as in four episodes of the series Cooper 's Half Hour in 1980 , also for Thames . He also acted as occasional stage manager to his father , and was backstage when Cooper died in front of a live television audience at Her Majesty 's Theatre on 15April 1984 . In addition to his work with his father , Henty was an actor in his own right . His desire to make his own mark in the field was behind his decision to adopt his mother 's maiden name . In an archive interview with the television personality Frank Bough , included in the ITV documentary The Unforgettable Tommy Cooper ( 2001 ) , Henty explained that he did not want people in the acting profession to know that he was Cooper 's son , presumably because he was fearful of claims of nepotism . Henty made appearances in episodes of the popular British television series Robin of Sherwood ( 1984 ) and Just Good Friends ( 1986 ) , as well as the British film Bellman and True ( 1987 ) . His role in Bellman and True was his last . In 1988 Henty 's marriage collapsed after seven years . Just six weeks later he died suddenly on 13 August 1988 , aged just 32 , of haemophilia , following complications caused by liver failure . Doctors had attempted to pump seventy pints of new blood into his body , but the blood failed to clot and after three days his mother took the decision to have his life support machine switched off , just four years after his well-known father Tommy Cooper died . He left a six-year-old son , Tam Henty ( born in 1982 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4edebfb07cbac3d02d781f14e14c94d", "text": "Jack Deam Jack Deam ( born Ian Deam , 29 June 1972 in Oldham , Lancashire ) is an English actor . He used his grandfather 's name for his stage name . His most notable performance is of the pyromaniac Marty Fisher , who has Tourette syndrome , in Channel 4 's comedy drama series , Shameless . In 1990 , Deam appeared in the Granada TV Soap Opera Families a show about two families one from Cheshire , the other in Australia , notably alongside the then not so well known Jude Law . In 1992 he appeared in a few episodes of Heartbeat as Alan Maskell . He also appeared in the TV mini series `` The life and times of Henry Pratt '' . He played the lead role as older Henry Pratt , little Henry Pratt was played by Andrew Nicholson and young Henry Pratt played by Bryan Dick . In 1993 he played Vinnie , a young soldier for the King 's Fusiliers in the award winning British drama Soldier Soldier . He later joined the cast of Clocking Off , written by Paul Abbott . In 1996 he briefly appeared as a policeman in Jimmy McGovern 's one-off drama for ITV Hillsborough , based on the 1989 Hillsborough disaster . In 1999 he appeared in an episode of Queer As Folk , as a Doctor Who obsessed fan , and had a one-night stand with Vince , one of the protagonists , before taking the role of Toyah Battersby 's ( Georgia Taylor ) rapist Phil Simmonds on the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street in 2000 . In January 2007 he took part in The Afternoon Play , a daytime BBC drama series consisting of short stories . Deam is now playing the part of a policeman in DCI Banks . He played Walter in the 2011 TV Series 32 Brinkburn Street . 2014 sees Deam in a play called Blindsided , by Simon Stephens , at the Royal Exchange , Manchester , alongside ex-Coronation Street Julie Hesmondhalgh ( Hayley Cropper ) . Appeared in New Tricks as a suspect in a cold case enquired . From 2016 onwards Deam appears as Inspector Mallory in the fourth series of the BBC series Father Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2d0090caa46a53872e881a5ee876a85", "text": "Charles Asampong Taylor Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed `` Terror '' due to his ability to terrorise opponents . He 's arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous `` 64 Battalion '' squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b031a2046d5ef1f586d04ca00f151285", "text": "Edward Taylor (scriptwriter) Edward Taylor , ( born 1931 ) is a British dramatist and radio producer best known for the BBC Radio Comedy series The Men from the Ministry . Originally intending to seek a career in acting , Taylor applied to join Cambridge University , appearing in the 1955 Cambridge Footlights revue and becoming a scriptwriter after being noticed by a BBC talent scout and hired for a one-year contract . Taylor 's career with the BBC subsequently lasted for 36 years , during which he wrote a total of 2,300 programmes . He also produced several shows , not just situation comedies that he had written ( or co-written ) himself but also comedy panel games , including some editions of Just a Minute . Taylor came up with the idea for The Men from the Ministry after a lunch with actor friend Richard Murdoch in the early 1960s , during which Murdoch asked Taylor to write a comedy for him to appear in . The Men from the Ministry ran for 144 episodes and versions were also produced in South Africa , Sweden and Finland , Taylor continuing to write additional episodes for the Finnish version right up to 2008 . In 1992 , Taylor wrote the stage thriller Murder by Misadventure that appeared at the Vaudeville Theatre and then the Whitehall Theatre in London 's West End . The play starred Gerald Harper as Harold and William Gaunt as Riggs as a pair of television crime writers , one of whom wishes to end the partnership . Taylor currently lives in London with his wife Sue . They have a daughter , Imogen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0556b7b6093f4f21481690796feb43bf", "text": "Ralph Richardson, roles and awards Sir Ralph Richardson ( 1902 -- 1983 ) was an English actor who appeared on radio , film , television and stage . Described by The Guardian as `` indisputably our most poetic actor '' , and by the director David Ayliff as `` a natural actor ... -LSB- who -RSB- could n't stop being a perfect actor '' , Richardson 's career lasted over 50 years . He was -- in the words of his biographer , Sheridan Morley -- one `` of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century '' , alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud . After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson , Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut , playing a gendarme in The Bishop 's Candlesticks in December 1920 . After touring and appearing in rep , he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus . In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud , staying with the company until the following year . After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , he returned to acting , preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello , Joe Orton , Harold Pinter , George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare . A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage , and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929 . Richardson 's film career began in 1931 as an uncredited extra in Dreyfus ; he did not take film seriously as a medium , but undertook the work for money . His career in film was described by the film historian Brian McFarlane , writing for the British Film Institute , as `` prolific and random '' ; McFarlane considered that in Richardson 's performances , `` he would remind one that he had few peers and no superiors in his particular line '' . Richardson won many awards for his performances on stage and screen before his death , including a BAFTA award for The Sound Barrier ; an Evening Standard Award for Home , which he shared with John Gielgud ; and a special Laurence Olivier Award . His final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes -- for which he received further critical plaudits and award nominations -- was released after his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd485152cd561a120303c4d5264e1768", "text": "Ian Carmichael Ian Gillett Carmichael , OBE ( 18 June 1920 -- 5 February 2010 ) was an English actor best known for his roles in the films of the Boulting brothers such as Private 's Progress ( 1956 ) and I 'm All Right Jack ( 1959 ) . Later he played Dorothy L. Sayers 's Gentleman Detective , Lord Peter Wimsey , on television and radio . Carmichael also had a career on stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe466f636e18227b474b0d6ab8c6dc2", "text": "Gentleman Joe Gentleman Joe , The Hansom Cabbie is a farcical musical comedy with music by Walter Slaughter and a libretto by Basil Hood . The original production of the musical opened at the Prince of Wales 's Theatre on 2 March 1895 and ran for a very successful 391 performances despite a poor notice in The Saturday Review by Bernard Shaw that dismissed the score : `` The music , by Mr. Walter Slaughter , does not contain a single novel , or even passably fresh point , either in melody , harmony or orchestration . '' The show was written as a vehicle for the comedian Arthur Roberts . A short burlesque entitled A Trilby Triflet was introduced as part of Gentleman Joe a week after Looking for Trilby opened at the Haymarket Theatre . The Times newspaper praised Roberts for his imitation of Herbert Beerbohm Tree . The cast of Gentleman Joe also included Kitty Loftus as Emma and W. H. Denny as Pilkington Jones . A second company also presented the show in the British provinces beginning in 1895 . There was soon a Newark , New Jersey production in late 1895 at Miner 's Theatre and then the production transferred to the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City in January 1896 . An American production of Gentleman Joe also played at the Bijou Theatre in early 1896 featuring James T. Powers , Clara Wieland , and Flora Irwin . Songs interpolated include `` He Wanted Something to Play With '' ( sung by Powers ) and `` Honey does you love yer man ? '' sung by Flora Irwin in blackface . A few notices of the show indicate that new songs were interpolated with frequency . Gentleman Joe was Hood 's first full-scale musical comedy , and its success prompted him to leave the military to concentrate on his writing . Hood and Slaughter went on to write several more comedies together , including The French Maid in 1896 and another successful vehicle for Roberts , Dandy Dan , the Lifeguardsman in 1897 . Hood wrote several successful shows with other librettists , and his English versions of Viennese operettas , such as The Merry Widow , were very popular until World War I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599c29dc8db300af7b59491c1385eaf0", "text": "Cranford (TV series) Cranford is a British television series directed by Simon Curtis and Steve Hudson . The teleplay by Heidi Thomas was adapted from three novellas by Elizabeth Gaskell published between 1849 and 1858 : Cranford , My Lady Ludlow , and Mr Harrison 's Confessions . ( `` The Last Generation in England '' was also used as a source . ) The series was transmitted in five parts in the UK by BBC One in November and December 2007 . In the United States , it was broadcast in three episodes by PBS as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series in May 2008 . Cranford returned with a two-part Christmas special Return to Cranford in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08facccbde82c5a627d0b0dfaf459e2", "text": "Hugh Clark (actor) Hugh Clark ( died 1653 ) was a prominent English actor of the Caroline era . He worked in both of the main theatre companies of his time , Queen Henrietta 's Men and the King 's Men . Clark was with Queen Henrietta 's Men during the first and most significant phase of their existence , from 1625 to 1636 . Like some other actors of English Renaissance theatre , Clark began as a boy player filling female roles . He played Gratiana in Shirley 's The Wedding in 1626 , and Bess Bridges in both parts of Heywood 's The Fair Maid of the West in 1630 -- 31 . Not long after that time , though , Clark switched to adult male roles . He played Syphax and Nuntius in Nabbes 's Hannibal and Scipio ( 1635 ) , and Hubert in Davenport 's King John and Matilda . The Queen Henrietta 's company was disrupted and fractured by the bubonic plague epidemic of 1636 -- 37 . Clark , like some other members of the troupe , disappears from the available records in 1637 and 1638 ; he may have been one of several actors from the company who travelled with James Shirley to Dublin to work at the Werburgh Street Theatre . By 1639 , however , Clark was back in London and a member of the King 's Men ; he appeared in their revival of The Custom of the Country in that year . He was a sharer in the company by January 1641 , when he was one of the six sharers who were named Grooms of the Chamber . As a member of the company , he was one of the ten actors who signed the dedication of the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio in 1647 . He was also involved in the January 1648 attempt to revive the company ( which failed by the summer of that year , when the actors missed a payment due ) , despite the fact that the theatres had been closed by the Puritan regime of the English Commonwealth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4e57dae16fe95411117324dd01e8bd4", "text": "Henry Stephenson Henry Stephenson ( 16 April 1871 -- 24 April 1956 ) was a British stage and film actor . He portrayed friendly and wise gentlemen in many films of the 1930s and 1940s . Among his roles were Sir Joseph Banks in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) and Mr. Brownlow in Oliver Twist ( 1948 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1167a0a47ed0339f70650cc39878bc7d", "text": "Henry Richardson (politician) Henry S. C. Richardson ( born 1883 ) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland . Richardson studied at Eton College before , in 1902 , joining the British Army . In 1914 , he was appointed aide-de-camp to the Governor of Tasmania . During World War I , he commanded the 8th Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry , then the 2nd and 13th Battalions of the Rifle Brigade . He left the Army in 1920 , later becoming aide-de-camp to the Duke of Abercorn . In 1949 , Richardson was appointed as an Ulster Unionist Party member of the Senate of Northern Ireland , serving until 1957 . He also stood for the party in Fermanagh and South Tyrone at the 1950 general election ; he took second place with 48.1 % of the votes cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73448bb25d5052734d70aa5ec7c9d9fd", "text": "Henry Francis Greville Lt-Col . Henry Francis Greville ( 10 August 1760 -- 13 January 1816 ) was a British impresario .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "466fa179779d944bc01227d49545b4aa", "text": "Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style . The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "59cd6cdcfd449cd3755bf94bf266bd6d", "text": "Atlantis (TV series) Atlantis is a British fantasy-adventure television programme , inspired by Greek mythology ( including the legend of Atlantis ) and created by Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy with Howard Overman . It premiered on 28 September 2013 . Atlantis was the biggest new Saturday night drama series launch across all BBC channels since 2006 , even up on the launch of hit show Merlin . It also managed to draw 1 million viewers away from the highly popular ITV show The X Factor , which aired at the same time in the UK . On 26 October 2013 , BBC One ordered a second series of the show , which began airing on 15 November 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , it was announced that the series had been cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9cca49cdd4c9290fac1b9af3243c110", "text": "Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . '' The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c43f6726f715d7a5bfb955981d0762c", "text": "Duncan Duff Duncan Duff ( born 1962 in Edinburgh , Scotland , United Kingdom ) is a British stage , television and film actor who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London 1985 - 1987 . He is best known for A Quiet Passion ( 2016 ) , Wild Target , ( 2010 ) , Big Kids ( 2000 ) , Hamish Macbeth ( 1997 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ddc8143072201303b768ab27fda6d0a", "text": "Moby Dick (2011 miniseries) Moby Dick is a television miniseries based on Herman Melville 's 1851 novel of the same name , produced by Tele München Gruppe , with Gate Film , In association with RTH/ORF . Starring William Hurt as Captain Ahab , it was directed by Mike Barker with a screenplay by Nigel Williams . The cast also includes Ethan Hawke as Starbuck , Charlie Cox as Ishmael , Eddie Marsan as Stubb , Gillian Anderson as Ahab 's wife , Elizabeth and Donald Sutherland as Father Mapple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5f79d06fb0537da9393ad1a0b138cd", "text": "Mystery and Imagination Mystery and Imagination is a British television anthology series of classic horror and supernatural dramas . Five series were broadcast from 1966 to 1970 by the ITV network and produced by ABC and ( later ) Thames Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b6fd7cc0340761f1d245f3abf88d65", "text": "Macbeth (1982 film) Macbeth is a 1982 Hungarian dramatic experimental independent underground art television film directed by Béla Tarr . György Cserhalmi plays Macbeth while Erzsébet Kútvölgyi plays Lady Macbeth . The film is composed of only two shots : The first shot ( before the main title ) is five minutes long , the second 57 minutes long . The film has been screened during a retrospective held in honor of director Béla Tarr at the 33rd Moscow International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f3b2cef531c81375a0a5a51d8ea1fc2", "text": "Thane of Cawdor The title Thane of Cawdor is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current 7th Earl of Cawdor , of Clan Campbell of Cawdor , is the 26th Thane of Cawdor . In William Shakespeare 's play Macbeth , this title was given to Macbeth after he captured the previous Thane of Cawdor . The historical King Macbeth fought a Thane of Cawdor who died in battle , but he did not thereby acquire the title himself . The 2nd Earl of Cawdor wrote a history of the Thanes of Cawdor , in 1742 , published in 1859 . According to the 2nd Earl , the first thane was originally a Celtic chieftain who allied with Anglo-Saxon King of Scotland at a time lost to the historical record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599c29dc8db300af7b59491c1385eaf0", "text": "Cranford (TV series) Cranford is a British television series directed by Simon Curtis and Steve Hudson . The teleplay by Heidi Thomas was adapted from three novellas by Elizabeth Gaskell published between 1849 and 1858 : Cranford , My Lady Ludlow , and Mr Harrison 's Confessions . ( `` The Last Generation in England '' was also used as a source . ) The series was transmitted in five parts in the UK by BBC One in November and December 2007 . In the United States , it was broadcast in three episodes by PBS as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series in May 2008 . Cranford returned with a two-part Christmas special Return to Cranford in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57ed520d1fa0b3e975e9c635fb691b08", "text": "Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish . Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes . Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections ' The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17a24a7feb32b6243ae2f7bf80bcd18", "text": "Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany . The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production . Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96ac70ce52dd4a96eef9c795e27a57cf", "text": "HMT Macbeth (T138) HMT Macbeth was a anti-submarine naval trawler that served with the Royal Navy during the Second World War . She was built by the Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd. , Goole , UK . Macbeth was launched on 3 October 1940 , and commissioned on 14 January 1941 . A steel vessel of 545 tons , she measured 164 ft in length with a beam of 27 ft and a mean draft of 11 ft. Macbeth was propelled by a triple expansion reciprocating engine of 850 ihp , giving her a speed of 12 kn . The crew comprised 4 officers and 36 men . Armament consisted of a 12pdr AA gun , 3 20mm Oerlikon AA guns and 30 depth charges . Macbeth most notably participated in the Operation Dervish Convoy of August 1941 as an escort vessel . During the war she was adopted by the Mildenhall Rural District Council , as part of Warship Week . One of the last two Shakespearian class trawlers remaining in service with the Royal Navy , Macbeth was sold in 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10442e3d4e2c6aadbc1a9e5578517438", "text": "MacBird! MacBird ! is a 1967 satire by Barbara Garson that superimposed the transferral of power following the Kennedy assassination onto the plot of Shakespeare 's Macbeth . Thus John F. Kennedy becomes `` John Ken O'Dunc '' , Lyndon Johnson becomes `` MacBird '' , Lady Bird Johnson becomes `` Lady MacBird '' , and so forth . As Macbeth assassinates Duncan , so MacBird is responsible for the assassination of Ken O'Dunc ; and as Macbeth is defeated by Macduff , so MacBird is defeated by Robert Ken O'Dunc ( i.e. Robert Kennedy ) . This action is significantly influenced by the Three Witches , representing Students , Blacks , and Leftists . In a 2006 Washington Post interview Garson said she was not seriously accusing Johnson of complicity in the Kennedy assassination : `` People used to ask me then , ` Do you really think Johnson killed Kennedy ? ' '' Garson , now 65 , recalls . `` I never took that seriously . I used to say to people , ` If he did , it 's the least of his crimes . ' It was not what the play was about . The plot was a given . '' The play parodies sequences from Shakespearean tragedies including Macbeth , Hamlet , and Richard III , albeit with Texas and Boston accents . The action follows MacBird from the 1960 Democratic National Convention , when he becomes John Ken O'Dunc 's Vice-President ( `` Hail , Vice-President thou art ! '' ) , to Ken O'Dunc 's assassination ( at the urging of Lady MacBird ) , to a future Robert Ken O'Dunc victory over MacBird at the 1968 convention . Macbird ! started out as a short satirical sketch by Garson , a recent graduate of the Berkeley anti-Vietnam war movement . It was developed into a full-length play with help from writer/director Roy Levine ( and Shakespeare ) . The production , which opened a mere three years after the Kennedy assassination , was quite controversial . It has been said that pressure from local authorities was applied to theaters in New York who were considering it . The Village Gate was the only theater willing to defy this pressure and mount the play . Macbird opened there on February 22 , 1967 , and closed on January 21 , 1968 , after 386 performances . Roy Levine , who worked with Garson to develop the work from what was essentially a sketch to a full-length play , was the original director of Macbird ! His bold and unique theatrical vision marked the production throughout the run , although , near the end of the almost-complete previews , he was suddenly replaced by Gerald Freedman . Set design was by Clarke Dunham , costumes by Jeanne Button , and lights by Robert Brand . The stage manager was Joel Zwick . The opening night cast included : Stacy Keach as MacBird Rue McClanahan as Lady MacBird , Paul Hecht as John Ken O'Dunc William Devane as Robert Ken O'Dunc John Pleshette as Ted Ken O'Dunc John Clark as Earl of Warren Cleavon Little as Witch 2 The original cast recorded a two-disc album of the text on February 6 , 1967 . It was released in a boxed set with a copy of the script on the Evergreen label as Evergreen - EVR 004 John Clark left the cast early to marry Lynn Redgrave . Cleavon Little made his professional acting debut in the play . It went on to a long engagement but with a different cast in Los Angeles where ironically the next Kennedy assassination would occur on June 5 , 1968 when Robert Kennedy would be shot to death while running for the Democratic presidential nomination . There was also a `` MacBird ! '' production by San Francisco 's Committee Theater circa 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6b5202194403a60e0af783caa130d6", "text": "BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 . The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence . As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7cd6b39ad1e714d80bc040ace736f", "text": "Wolf Hall (miniseries) Wolf Hall is a British television serial first broadcast on BBC Two in January 2015 . The six-part series is an adaptation of two of Hilary Mantel 's novels , Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies , a fictionalised biography documenting the rapid rise to power of Thomas Cromwell in the court of Henry VIII through to the death of Sir Thomas More , followed by Cromwell 's success in freeing the king of his marriage to Anne Boleyn . Wolf Hall was first broadcast in April 2015 in the United States on PBS and in Australia on BBC First . The series was a critical success and received eight nominations at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards and three nominations at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards , winning for Best Miniseries or Television Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "116072646ac977a0302a17a8a44fed0c", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 5) The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 12 , and concluded on June 14 , 2015 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season primarily adapts material from A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons , the fourth and fifth novels in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series , though it also uses elements from the third novel , A Storm of Swords , as well as the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter . It also contains original content not found in Martin 's novels . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the fifth season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the sixth season , which began filming in July 2014 . The season was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia and Spain . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Jonathan Pryce and Alexander Siddig . Critics praised the show 's production values and cast , with specific accolades for Dinklage 's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . This season set a Guinness World Records for winning the highest number of Emmy Awards for a series in a single season and year , winning 12 out of 24 nominations , including Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9099a754d13ca500cdcaac0bfb6e5ca", "text": "Brothers & Sisters (season 5) The fifth and final season of Brothers & Sisters premiered on September 26 , 2010 and concluded May 8 , 2011 . Season five takes place one year after the events of the season four finale `` On the Road Again '' . This season featured the show 's 100th episode , with the airing of episode 13 . The show stars Sally Field , Dave Annable , Rachel Griffiths , Calista Flockhart , Matthew Rhys , Ron Rifkin , Patricia Wettig , Luke Macfarlane , and Gilles Marini . The season was originally set to only feature 18 episodes to make way for new drama Off the Map in mid-season . However , on October 25 , 2010 , it was announced that ABC had picked up four more episodes , bringing the season to 22 episodes in total . The series ' cancellation was announced on May 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d80d531918091156a524af1d5f0cda6", "text": "Skins (series 5) Skins is a British teen drama created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures . The fifth series began airing on E4 on 27 January 2011 and ended on 17 March 2011 . This series sees the introduction of a new cast ; it follows the lives of the third generation of characters , which consists of Franky Fitzgerald , Rich Hardbeck , Grace Blood , Mini McGuinness , Liv Malone , Alo Creevey , and brothers Nick and Matty Levan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4063d73150bdbc03dde0ed01bc8e9d8e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek : The Next Generation is an American science fiction television program that originally aired from September 1987 to May 1994 . It won and was nominated for a variety of awards , including seven Emmy Award nominations for the first season , and a further eight in its second season . It would go on to be nominated a total of 58 times , of which it won a total of nineteen awards . Only one of these nominations was not for a Creative Arts Emmy , which was the nomination for Outstanding Drama Series for the show 's seventh season . Cast member Wil Wheaton was nominated on three occasions for a Youth in Film Award , which he won in 1989 . Further nominations were received by guest actors Kimberly Cullum and Gabriel Damon at the 16th Youth in Film Awards in 1995 . The only other nomination for a single actor was the Screen Actors Guild Award received by Patrick Stewart for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series in the award 's inaugural session in 1995 . As of January 1 , 2013 , Star Trek : The Next Generation has been nominated for 85 different awards , of which it has won 31 . Despite the series ending in 1994 , it has continued to win awards in special recognition of the series , and for the DVD releases . In this list , `` year '' refers to the year the award was presented to the winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93debc5067e3151aa6ef889a06b7b9f", "text": "Highlander: The Series (season 4) The fourth season of the American drama/adventure television series Highlander began airing 25 September 1995 and finished on 26 May 1996 . The series continues to follow the adventures of Duncan MacLeod , a 400-year-old Immortal who can only die if he is beheaded . MacLeod is involved in the Game , an ongoing battle during which all Immortals have to behead each other until only one is left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f3c23169a1eec011855d32099bc2a33", "text": "Game of Thrones: Season 3 (soundtrack) The soundtrack album of the third season of HBO series Game of Thrones , titled Game of Thrones : Season 3 , was released digitally on June 4 , 2013 , and on CD on July 2 , 2013 . The album was composed by Ramin Djawadi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8189215f7b68d5c2f5891c8ce06252", "text": "Vikings (season 3) The third season of the historical drama television series Vikings premiered on February 19 , 2015 on History in Canada , and concluded on April 23 , 2015 , consisting of 10 episodes . Filmed in Ireland , Vikings is inspired by the tales about the Viking Ragnar Lothbrok , one of the best-known mythological Norse heroes and notorious as the scourge of France and England . It portrays Ragnar as a Viking farmer who pioneers the first daring raids into England , and eventually becomes a Scandinavian king , with the support of his family and fellow warriors : his brother Rollo , his son Björn Ironside , and his wives -- the shieldmaiden Lagertha and the princess Aslaug . The third season follows the development of Ragnar 's family , and the Vikings as they become more entwined in English affairs , and also begin to raid further afield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72010d806d213c6fb0053d18439d653e", "text": "John Halifax, Gentleman (TV series) John Halifax , Gentleman is a British drama television series which originally aired on the BBC in five episodes in 1974 . It was an adaptation of the novel John Halifax , Gentleman by Dinah Craik . It was screened on the Sunday tea time slot on BBC One , which usually showed adaptations of classic novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b266f0a93f584afb3a76b24ca5de7d79", "text": "Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) The fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 24 , 1990 and concluded on June 17 , 1991 after airing 26 episodes . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D . This season saw the show embracing the notion of serialized storylines . A recurring theme throughout the season is the notion of a brewing Duras-Romulan plot against the Federation , coupled with Worf 's effort to reclaim his family honor . Both storylines were introduced in Season 3 's . Worf 's discommendation is a major theme in and , while his dishonor and the Duras-Romulan plot take center stage in the episodes , , and . A second recurring storyline in the season is the growth of Miles O'Brien as a character . His first and middle name are revealed in `` Family '' , he marries in , his past is revealed in , and his marriage is explored in . Season 4 featured many family-themes episodes . The first episode following deals with Picard and Worf 's family , and the second with Data 's . Worf 's son Alexander appears later in the season , as does Tasha Yar 's sister , and the Enterprise '' encounters an infant alien space entity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c04ca269cd4782b496fdccdcebfd85", "text": "The Rockford Files (season 5) The fifth season of The Rockford Files originally aired Fridays at 9:00 -10:00 pm on NBC from September 22 , 1978 to April 13 , 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb969ef0c2d14090bf0aab6fd1527f2", "text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , commenced airing in the United States on September 27 , 2007 and concluded on May 22 , 2008 . The season continues the story of a group of surgeons and their mentors in the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital , describing their professional lives and the way they affect the personal background of each character . Season four had twelve series regulars with ten of them returning from the previous season , out of which eight are part of the original cast from the first season . The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 EST. . In addition to the regular seventeen episodes , a clip-show narrated by the editors of People recapped previous events of the show and made the transition from Grey 's Anatomy to Private Practice , a spin-off focusing of Dr. Addison Montgomery and aired on September 19 , 2007 , before the season premiere . The season was officially released on DVD as a five-disc boxset under the title of Grey 's Anatomy : Season Four -- Expanded on September 9 , 2008 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment . For the first time in the show 's history , many cast changes occur , seeing the first departure of two main cast members . Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team , the season received a mixed response from critics and fans . Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season , writing five out of the seventeen episodes . The highest-rated episode was the season premiere , which was watched by 20.93 million viewers . The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike , which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes , instead of twenty-three originally planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1beec950f0c0bd5d44b4afa010f5dfc5", "text": "Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 5) The fifth season of the CBS crime drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on Friday , September 26 , 2014 , and concluded on May 8 , 2015 with a two-hour season finale . The season consisted of 25 episodes . For the 2014 -- 15 U.S. television season , the fifth season of Hawaii Five-0 ranked 20 with an average of 12.28 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e", "text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dedd9b122b9a5011710c7ce676aa226e", "text": "Othello (1951 film) Othello ( also known as The Tragedy of Othello : The Moor of Venice ) is a 1951 drama film directed and produced by Orson Welles , who also adapted the Shakespearean play and played the title role . Recipient of the Palme d'Or at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival , the film was distributed by United Artists when it was released in the United States in 1955 . Othello was filmed on location over a three-year period in Morocco , Venice , Tuscany and Rome and at the Scalera Studios in Rome . In addition to Orson Welles , the cast consisted of Micheál MacLiammóir as Iago , Robert Coote as Roderigo , Suzanne Cloutier as Desdemona , Michael Laurence as Cassio , Fay Compton as Emilia and Doris Dowling as Bianca . Three versions of the film have seen theatrical release -- two supervised by Welles , and a 1992 restoration supervised by his daughter , Beatrice Welles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12230bc07fa65b8a4ad81c99aec40d7", "text": "Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters . During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award . 2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 . Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb8f794418ab55c63dc9f50bdb37757", "text": "Takeo Kimura filmography The following is the filmography of Takeo Kimura , the Japanese art director , writer , and film director who has art-directed more than 200 films over a span of more than six decades and ranks among Japan 's best-known art directors . His training began with the Nikkatsu Company in 1941 , whose production division was merged into Daiei during the wartime industry reorganization , where he was promoted to art director in 1945 . His debut film as such was Umi no yobu koe ( 1945 ) . Nikkatsu re-opened its production studio in 1954 and Kimura moved there . He worked with several directors , including top action director Toshio Masuda on films such as Red Quay ( 1958 ) with top star Yujiro Ishihara and Gangster VIP ( 1968 ) starring Tetsuya Watari . However , his longest and most famous collaboration has been with director Seijun Suzuki , which began with The Bastard ( 1963 ) . Together they developed a bold , expressive style exemplified in Gate of Flesh ( 1964 ) and Tokyo Drifter ( 1966 ) . Suzuki often rewrote his scripts with Kimura , who was given his first screenwriting credit on The Flower and the Angry Waves ( 1964 ) . Kimura was also a part of Guryū Hachirō , the pen name of the writing group that formed around Suzuki in the mid-1960s and wrote Branded to Kill ( 1967 ) . Kimura left Nikkatsu in 1973 to work freelance . He subsequently art-directed many films for director Kei Kumai over almost 20 years . This included Kumai 's best-known film Sandakan No. 8 ( 1974 ) , Love and Faith ( 1978 ) featuring Toshirō Mifune and The Sea Is Watching ( 2002 ) based on one of Akira Kurosawa 's final scripts . Kimura 's collaboration with director Kazuo Kuroki exceeded 20 years , including the Art Theatre Guild film Preparation for the Festival ( 1975 ) and The Face of Jizo ( 2004 ) . He worked with Suzuki on several more films , including Zigeunerweisen ( 1980 ) and Pistol Opera ( 2001 ) , a follow-up to Branded to Kill . Zigeunerweisen was voted best Japanese film of the 1980s by Japanese film critics . He art-directed on Fire Festival and Tampopo ( both 1985 ) , career highlights in the respective oeuvres of directors Mitsuo Yanagimachi and Juzo Itami . Kaizō Hayashi 's best remembered and debut film To Sleep so as to Dream ( 1986 ) marked the beginning of another long collaboration which also encompassed his Maiku Hama trilogy : The Most Terrible Time in My Life ( 1994 ) , Stairway to the Distant Past ( 1995 ) and The Trap ( 1996 ) . At age 86 Kimura directed the first of four short films with Mugen Sasurai ( 2004 ) , which earned him the title for oldest directorial debut . The last was Matouqin Nocturne ( 2007 ) in which Suzuki appeared in a prominent role . Kimura then wrote and directed the feature-length film Dreaming Awake ( 2008 ) based on his own self-published novel . He was recognized by Guinness World Records for `` the oldest debut as a feature film director '' at age 90 . Suzuki again appeared in the film . Kimura himself acted in a couple small roles for other directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9dd23819ee520634dfecd78507dbb6e", "text": "Sayonara (album) Sayonara is the twenty-sixth studio album released by German Schlager group Die Flippers . It was certified Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1866fa8ce24b589353d4014cc0cf624", "text": "Jadoo (1951 film) Jadoo ( Magic ) is a 1951 Hindi psychosocial melodrama film directed by A. R. Kardar . The story writers were S. N. Bannerji and Jagdish Kanwal , with dialogues by Zahur Raja and Bannerji . The music director was Naushad with lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni . This was the second last film in which Naushad was to be the music director for Kardar . After an association of fourteen films , Naushad composed one last time for Kardar in Deewana ( 1952 ) . Prior to this Kardar had already approached composer S. D. Burman for Jeewan Jyoti ( 1953 ) . A `` Musical Pictures Ltd. '' presentation , the film starred Nalini Jaywant , Suresh , Shyam Kumar , Sharda , and Ramesh . The film revolves around a young singer and dancer , Sundari , who is involved with crooks , but falls in love with a police constable , Pritam . The plot of the film was inspired from The Loves of Carmen ( 1948 ) , directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee02aaf7cf1eff088ea377a88da6786d", "text": "Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles . While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending . The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff251ece0b9a1de6d03c77fb2fee82bc", "text": "Robin Padilla Robinhood Ferdinand `` Robin '' Cariño Padilla ( born November 23 , 1969 ) is a Filipino film director , screenwriter , producer , and actor . Padilla is both a matinee idol and cultural icon ; he is sometimes referred to as `` James Dean '' and dubbed as the `` Bad Boy '' of Philippine cinema for portraying ` protagonist gangster roles ' in his films Anak ni Baby Ama , Grease Gun Gang , Bad Boy 1 , and Bad Boy 2 . Padilla is active in television programs , having played important roles in Asian Treasures , Joaquin Bordado , Totoy Bato , Guns and Roses , and Toda Max . Both the acting and showbiz industry are not new to Padilla . He comes from a multi-faceted background , which includes talented performers , and a political family . His father Casimero Padilla , Sr. , who was a film director , served as vice-governor of Camarines Norte in the 1970s and assemblyman in the 1980s ; while his mother was an actress , and three of his siblings Rustom , Rommel , and Royette are actors . His half brother Casimero Roy A. Padilla , Jr. succeeded his father 's political endeavors , serving as a union leader , a congressman , and three-term governor of Camarines Norte .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3fb15e6ff7d3b28d2ad3bc2b4f0bb5e", "text": "Boscolo Exedra Roma The Boscolo Exedra Roma is a 5-star luxury hotel in Piazza della Repubblica , Rome . The hotel is part of the Italian Boscolo Hotels chain and has since 2013 been a member of the Autograph Collection by Marriott . On June 19 , 2013 actor James Gandolfini died of a heart attack in the hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bc731ea908d9a1d91717511307d9d2", "text": "Amar te duele Amar te duele ( can be interpreted as both `` Loving You Hurts '' and `` Loving Hurts You '' ) is a 2002 Mexican film written by Carolina Rivera and directed by Fernando Sariñana . It is based on the classic play `` Romeo and Juliet '' by William Shakespeare . In the story , both families hate each other because they belong to different social classes . This movie offers various archetypes of urban and modern youth in Mexico within a story about sexual attraction and adolescent idealism . The movie marked the film debuts of Martha Higareda and RBD member Alfonso Herrera ; the film also was starred by Pedro Damián and Luis Fernando Peña . It was also released in Argentina , Chile and United States , where it received good reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9569f1c613bee5e345a6d3870fe4f49", "text": "N. T. Rama Rao Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao ( నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు 28 May 1923 -- 18 January 1996 ) , popularly known as NTR , was an Indian actor , filmmaker , director , editor and politician who served as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh for seven years over three terms . NTR has received three National Film Awards for co-producing Thodu Dongalu ( 1954 ) and Seetharama Kalyanam ( 1960 ) under National Art Theater , Madras , and directing Varakatnam ( 1970 ) , NTR has received the erstwhile Rashtrapati Awards for his performance ( s ) in the films Raju Peda ( 1954 ) , and Lava Kusa ( 1963 ) . He garnered the Nandi Award for Best Actor for Kodalu Diddina Kapuram in 1970 , and the Inaugural Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Telugu in 1972 for Badi Panthulu . NTR made his debut as an actor in a Telugu social film Mana Desam , directed by L. V. Prasad in 1949 . He gained popularity in the 1950s when he became well known for his portrayals of Hindu deities , especially Krishna and Rama , roles which have made him a `` messiah of the masses '' . He later became known for portraying antagonistic characters and Robin Hood-esque hero characters in films . In total he starred in 300 films , and has become one of the most prominent figures in the history of Telugu cinema . He was voted ` Greatest Indian Actor of All Time ' in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the Centenary of Indian Cinema . He has starred in films like Patala Bhairavi ( 1951 ) , which premiered at the first India International Film Festival , held in Mumbai on 24 January 1952 , Malliswari ( 1951 ) , premiered at Asia Pacific Film Festival , the enduring classics Mayabazar ( 1957 ) , and Nartanasala ( 1963 ) , featured at Afro Asian film festival in Jakarta . All the four films were included in CNN-IBN 's list of hundred greatest Indian films of all time . He co-produced , Ummadi Kutumbam nominated by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the 1968 Moscow Film Festival . Besides Telugu , he has also acted in a few Tamil films . Widely recognised for his portrayal of mythological characters , NTR was one of the leading method actors of Indian cinema , He was referred to in the media as Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma . He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1968 , recognizing his contribution to Indian cinema . After his career in films , NTR entered politics . He founded the Telugu Desam Party ( TDP ) in 1982 and served three tumultuous terms as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh between 1983 and 1995 . He was known as an advocate of Andhra Pradesh 's distinct cultural identity , distinguishing it from the erstwhile Madras State with which it was often associated . At the national level , he was instrumental in the formation of the National Front , a coalition of non-Congress parties which governed India from 1989 until 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1f5672356ebe3d262976f0b53cc7615", "text": "Regal Entertainment Regal Entertainment ( formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films ) is a Philippine filmmaking and entertainment firm that was established by Lily Monteverde in 1962 . It has produced movies of all genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "656c988248cc4a4bf2d4110878815109", "text": "Robert Dunham Robert Dunham ( July 6 , 1931 -- August 6 , 2001 ) was an American actor , entrepreneur , writer , racecar driver , journalist , and a US Marine . He is probably best known for his role as Antonio , Emperor of Seatopia in Godzilla vs. Megalon ( 1973 ) ; Dunham 's biggest role would be that of Mark Jackson in the Japanese film , Dogora ( 1964 ) and Captain Martin in The Green Slime ( 1968 ) . Dunham was an American living in Japan during most of the country 's `` Golden Age '' of cinema , and worked in films directed by Ishiro Honda , Jun Fukuda , and Kinji Fukasaku . He sometimes was billed as Dan Yuma or Danny Yuma . Born in Maine , to an affluent family , his parents were Earl and Charlotte Dunham . He has a sister named Patricia June . Robert grew up in Wellesley Hills , Massachusetts . He attended Noble and Greenough School in Dedham , Massachusetts . Dunham was later accepted into Williams College , in Williamstown , Massachusetts , where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History . After graduating college , Dunham joined the United States Marine Corps . He was stationed in Yokohama , Japan and served for two years as a Lieutenant . Later , he attended correspondence school to learn how to speak Japanese . After being honorably discharged from the Marine Corps. , Dunham decided to stay in Japan and opened up his own import/export business . Dunham lived in Tokyo for 22 years , with a Japanese wife Keiko , and their two children , Barbara Ann and Daniel . They later divorced . He met a Japanese model , Setsuko Sazawa , whom he married in 1969 . They had two children , Emiko ( Emmy ) and Marcia . Dunham and his wife Setsuko , moved to Den-en-chōfu , an affluent suburb of Tokyo , where they lived from 1970 -- 75 . In 1975 , Dunham decided to move his family to the United States and moved to Cape Cod , Massachusetts . He became a freelance writer , often contributing material to magazines such as Car and Driver . Unlike many other Westerners in Japanese films at the time , Dunham spoke fluent Japanese and as such , was one of few foreign actors who would maintain their real voice in the released product without the need of over-dubbing by a Japanese actor . Dunham admitted to having had a `` torrid love affair '' with his co-star of many films , Linda Miller . The relationship ended after Miller moved back to the United States and Dunham claimed to have `` lost track of her '' after having kept up correspondence via postal mail for a time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c415cba958532449f5c09a325f26a667", "text": "La Otra (film) La Otra ( `` The Other '' ( feminine ) ) , sometimes screened with the title The Other One , is a 1946 Mexican drama film directed by Roberto Gavaldón and starring Dolores del Río . The film inspired the movie Dead Ringer , starred by Bette Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1129737c7d597b60c16186b0c4695f3", "text": "Sayonara Midori-chan is a Japanese manga by Kyūta Minami . It was adapted into a live-action film in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0b813faaff83452ca7dd7cf6e2b7169", "text": "Odeon Cinemas Odeon is a cinema company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , which along with UCI Cinemas is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Britain in 1930 . The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928 , in Brierley , Staffordshire , although initially called `` Picture House '' . The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch 's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930 . Ten years later Odeon was part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years . Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group . Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006 . Terra Firma sold the company to AMC Theatres in November 2016 . In 2016 , Odeon was the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share ( although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d2e3cc8275281e189c5990b733f74d62", "text": "Sriti Jha Sriti Jha ( born February 26 , 1986 ) is an Indian television actress , who appears in the Indian soap opera . She made her debut with the role of Malini Sharma in the Disney India 's teen drama Dhoom Machaao Dhoom . Jha rose to prominence with the serial Jyoti on NDTV Imagine as Sudha Sharma . She is a currently playing the lead role of Pragya in Zee TV 's show Kumkum Bhagya .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "45863aa9b94b8f3d5bd1f2ddd556a442", "text": "Sriharsha Sriharsha ( Sanskrit : श्रीहर्ष / Śrīharṣa ) was the son of Śrīhira and Mamalladevī . His father , Srihira , was a poet in the court of the Gahadavala king Vijayachandra . According to Rājaśekhara 's Prabandhakośa , upon the wide acceptance of his poem ( kāvya ) , Naishadha Charita ( Skt Naiṣadhacarita ) , Śrīharṣa was dignified with the title Narabharati ; he spent his later life in ascetic serenity on the banks of River Ganga . Rājaśekhara tells us that Jayantcandra , son of Vijayacandra , ruled over Kanauj in the latter half of the 12th century A.D. , and that a copy of Naishadha Charita , composed in 1174 A.D. , was brought into Gujarat by Harihara during the reign of Vīradhavala to which Chandu Pandita in his Dipika , composed in 1296 A.D. , refers to as a new poem and also to the commentary of Vidyādhara . Naishadha Charita was composed earlier than Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍakhādya in which text Sriharsha alludes to the works of Kalidasa . None of his other works , such as Vijayaprasasti , Chindaprasasti , Gaudorvisakulaprasasti , Sahasankacarita , Arnavavarnana and Amarakhandana are now available . His Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍakhādya is a critique of the Śivabhaktisiddhi by Udayana , the Nyāya philosopher . Besides being a great poet , Śrīharṣa was also a great philosopher ; Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍakhādya or `` Sugar-candy pieces of refutations , '' is a refutation of the doctrines of the Nyāya system of philosophy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "480e93b2070a4e7c1cab925dad779416", "text": "Rekha Bhanurekha Ganesan ( born 10 October 1954 ) , better known by her stage name Rekha , is an Indian film actress . Noted for her versatility and acknowledged as one of the finest actresses in Hindi cinema , Rekha started her career in 1966 as a child actress in the Telugu film Rangula Ratnam , though her film debut as a lead happened four years later with Sawan Bhadon . Despite the success of several of her early films , she was often panned for her looks and it was not until the mid-to-late 1970s that she got recognition as an actress . Rekha has acted in over 180 films in a career spanning over 40 years . Throughout her career , she has often played strong female characters and , apart from mainstream cinema , appeared in arthouse films , known in India as parallel cinema . She has won three Filmfare Awards , two for Best Actress and one for Best Supporting Actress , for her roles in Khubsoorat ( 1980 ) , Khoon Bhari Maang ( 1988 ) and Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi ( 1996 ) , respectively . Her portrayal of a classical courtesan in Umrao Jaan ( 1981 ) won her the National Film Award for Best Actress . Though her career has gone through certain periods of decline , she has reinvented herself numerous times and has been credited for her ability to sustain her status . In 2010 , she was honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004251566da3844341f3a3438d8e894f", "text": "Lanka Dahan Lanka Dahan ( Lanka Aflame ) is a 1917 Indian silent film directed by Dhundiraj Govind Phalke ( Dadasaheb Phalke ) . Phalke also wrote the film based on an episode of the Hindu epic Ramayana , credited to Valmiki . The film was Phalke 's second feature film after the 1913 Raja Harishchandra , which was the first Indian full-length feature film . Phalke also directed various short films in between . Anna Salunke , who had previously played the role of Rani Taramati in Phalke 's Raja Harishchandra played two roles in this film . As women were prohibited from taking part in commercial performing arts , men also played the female characters . Salunke played the male character of Rama as well as the female character of his wife Sita . He is thus credited with playing the first double role in Indian cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290c01030a035242dcc8b4534006e68d", "text": "Jaya Menon Jaya Menon is an Indian actress who lives in the Kingdom of Bahrain . She performed in various Malayalam films including acclaimed Ritu in 2009 , directed by veteran director Shyamaprasad . Menon is famous among expatriate Indians living in Persian Gulf countries for her drama acting career . She is also a critically acclaimed director and choreographer for hundreds of plays , and dozens of shows . has won a top award in India in recognition of her artistic work . Jaya Menon was selected as the first winner of the `` Pravasi Kalashree '' Awards for nonresident artists who have excelled in various fields by the Kerala Sangeetha nataka Akademi . She is bagged the first Kalabhavan Mani award too . She is married to Prakash T , and has two sons , Arun and Rishi . Menon is also currently employed with J.P Morgan Chase as well as she is busy artist in television serials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df159dbd0bef491b9736c9095d44fa36", "text": "Aditya Pancholi Aditya Pancholi ( born Nirmal Pancholi , 12 September 1965 ) is an Indian film actor , producer and playback singer who appears in Bollywood films . He started his career as a lead actor but found more success with supporting and negative roles and received a Filmfare nomination for the Best Performance in a Negative Role for Yes Boss ( 1997 ) . Pancholi began his career with television movies produced by Nari Hira and ventured into mainstream Bollywood cinema with Sasti Dulhan Mehnga Dulha ( 1986 ) . Pancholi first came to limelight with an important role in Maha-Sangram ( 1990 ) . He had the peak of his career between the late 1980s and early 1990s . He initially gave critically acclaimed performances as a lead actor in films like Kab Tak Chup Rahungi ( 1988 ) , Qatil ( 1988 ) , Kahan Hai Kanoon ( 1989 ) , Sailaab ( 1990 ) , Laal Paree ( 1991 ) , Naamcheen ( 1991 ) , Yaad Rakhegi Duniya ( 1992 ) , Chor Aur Chaand ( 1993 ) and Surakshaa ( 1995 ) but failed to find commercial success . His biggest commercial success as a lead actor and his most well-known performance was in Mahesh Bhatt 's Saathi ( 1991 ) . After failing to make a mark as a lead actor , Pancholi became a supporting actor in multi-starrer movies like Ladaai ( 1988 ) , Jaadugar ( 1989 ) , Aatish : Feel the Fire ( 1994 ) and Aankhen ( 2002 ) and became synonymous for negative roles in movies like Awwal Number ( 1990 ) , Jung ( 1996 ) , Khilona ( 1996 ) , Yes Boss ( 1997 ) , Hameshaa ( 1997 ) , Jung ( 2000 ) and Musafir ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23e1b463f153140b8dce3dc97995222", "text": "Nitish Bharadwaj Nitish Bharadwaj ( Hindi : नितीश भारद्वाज ; born 2 June 1963 ) is an Indian film actor , director , screenwriter and former member of the Indian Parliament Lok Sabha . He is best known for his portrayal of Lord Krishna in B. R. Chopra 's television series Mahabharat , as well as for his portrayal of several Avatars of Vishnu in some of Chopra 's other works , such as Vishnu Puran . His debut directorial film in Marathi titled ` Pitruroon ' has won him accolades from both the audiences and critics and he now focusses on his film career entirely through screenwriting , directing and acting . Academically Nitish is a qualified veterinary surgeon from Bombay Veterinary College , Parel , Mumbai . He has voluntarily withdrawn from electoral politics . He now focusses on his film career as an actor , screenwriter and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6671c7be965b681788449a292b7fda4d", "text": "B. Saroja Devi B. Saroja Devi is an Indian actress , who has acted in Kannada , Tamil , Telugu and Hindi movies . One of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema , she acted in around 200 films over six decades . She is known by the epithets `` Abinaya Saraswathi '' ( Saraswati of acting ) in Kannada and `` Kannadathu Paingili '' ( Kannada 's Parrot ) in Tamil At the age of 17 , Saroja Devi got her big break with her debut movie itself , that 's the Kannada film Mahakavi Kalidasa ( 1955 ) . In Telugu cinema , she made her debut with Panduranga Mahatyam ( 1959 ) , and starred in a number of successful films until the late 1970s . The Tamil film Nadodi Mannan ( 1958 ) made her one of the top actresses in Tamil cinema . After her marriage in 1967 , she continued to be second in demand actress in Tamil films till 1974 , but she continued to be one of the top actresses in Telugu and Kannada cinema from 1958 until the 1980s . She also starred in Hindi films until the mid-1960s , starting with Paigham ( 1959 ) . She played the lead heroine in 161 consecutive films in 29 years between 1955 and 1984 . Saroja Devi received the Padma Sri , the fourth-highest civilian honour , in 1969 and Padma Bhushan , third highest civilian award , in 1992 from the Government of India , honourary doctorate from Bangalore University and Kalaimamani award from Tamil nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de32dd8428261ee40f79e6340982308", "text": "Untitled Boyapati Srinu project Untitled Boyapati Srinu project is an upcoming Telugu film written and directed by Boyapati Srinu . It features Bellamkonda Sreenivas , Rakul Preet Singh and Pragya Jaiswal in the lead roles while Aadhi Pinisetty appears in a crucial role . After a much delay of two years the shooting commenced in November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ac4fea29baffcc66935e701dce1057", "text": "Devi (2016 film) Devi is a 2016 Indian musical horror comedy film co-written and directed by A. L. Vijay . It features Prabhu Deva and Tamannaah in lead roles and Sonu Sood , RJ Balaji in supporting roles . Apart from the Tamil version , the film was also simultaneously shot and released in Telugu and Hindi as Abhinetri and Tutak Tutak Tutiya respectively ; the three had a worldwide release on 7 October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dabf96c8d63d0651852e024aa5d5239", "text": "G Kutta Se G Kutta Se ( Hindi : जी कुत्ता सै , translation : G A Wantom Heart ) is a Haryanvi / Hindi movie , written and directed by Rahul Dahiya . The film is starring fresh faces from bollywood Rajveer Singh , Neha Chauhan , Rashmi Singh Somvanshi , Nitin Pandit , Sandeep Goyat ( chhotu from Guddu Rangeela ) , Parth Sharma , Vibh Tyagi . The story is inspired by true incidents and realism of the subject . The film was ready for release in 2016 but due to censorship had to wait for odd 1.5 year and after a long struggle ready to release on 9th June 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afbe385fb42c4880250d708037a559e9", "text": "Parvathy (actress) Parvathy ( born Parvathy Thiruvoth Kottuvata ) is an Indian film actress from Kozhikode , Kerala , who stars in South Indian films . She made her debut in the 2006 Malayalam film Out of Syllabus . She 's well known for her performances in films such as Notebook ( 2006 ) , Poo ( 2008 ) , Prithvi ( 2010 ) , City of God ( 2011 ) , Maryan ( 2013 ) , Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) , Uttama Villain ( 2015 ) , Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) , Charlie ( 2015 ) and Take Off ( 2017 ) . Parvathy has won various awards and accolades for her roles . Parvathy won the 2015 Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performances in the Malayalam films Ennu Ninte Moideen and Charlie . She won Filmfare awards for various roles as well , including the 2015 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Kanchanamala in the Malayalam film Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) and the 2008 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Maari in the Tamil film Poo . She also won the 2014 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as RJ Sarah in the Malayalam film Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f7bbc9d311ccbbbb04f6f5b94b6ff8c", "text": "Aditi Chengappa Aditi Chengappa is an Indian actress , who appears in Telugu , Tamil and Hindi cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff539761812ed3238e09842570503ac5", "text": "Yeh Vaada Raha (TV series) Yeh Vaada Raha ( English : It 's A Promise ) was an Indian television series that started on September 21 , 2015 on Zee TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ed23553716246f2062f923f0b7ad05", "text": "Vindhya Tiwari Vindhya Tiwari is an Indian television actress , known for her work in Indian soap operas . She made her on-screen debut with the serial Ghar Ek Sapnaa ( 2008 ) , aired on Sahara One . However , her breakthrough role was in the drama Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo on Zee TV n she is best known for her role in `` Maryada : Lekin Kab Tak ? '' on Star Plus as Vidya for which she got nominated for best television actress in Indian television academy awards ( ita ) . She recently played the lead role in Badi Door Se Aaye Hain as Sonachandi on SAB TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3689ce0056dbc69c6a11aa3b64652a3c", "text": "Jacqueline Fernandez Jacqueline Fernandez ( born 11 August 1985 ) is a Sri Lankan actress , model , and the winner of the 2006 Miss Universe Sri Lanka pageant . As Miss Universe Sri Lanka , she represented her country at the 2006 world Miss Universe pageant . She graduated with a degree in mass communication from the University of Sydney , and worked as a television reporter in Sri Lanka . While on a modelling assignment in India in 2009 , Fernandez successfully auditioned for the fantasy drama Aladin , which marked her acting debut . Fernandez 's breakthrough role came with the psychological thriller Murder 2 ( 2011 ) , her first commercial success . This was followed by glamorous roles in the ensemble-comedy Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and the action thriller Race 2 ( 2013 ) , both of which earned over worldwide . Her performance in the former garnered her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at IIFA . In 2014 , Fernandez played the leading lady in the action thriller Kick , which ranks among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . She received further success with the romantic comedy Housefull 3 , the action adventure Dishoom , and the superhero thriller A Flying Jatt ( all 2016 ) . One of the most popular actresses in India , she is the recipient of the several awards . Alongside her screen acting career , Fernandez has worked as a judge in the ninth season of the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa ( 20162017 ) , is a popular celebrity endorser for various brands and products , has participated in stage shows , and is active in humanitarian work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "452d7dce2915c1d839e8ec660071d3ad", "text": "Mamilla Shailaja Priya Mamilla Shailaja Priya ( born 1978 ) , popularly known as Priya , is a Telugu actress . She appears primarily in Telugu feature films and television soap operas and has also acted in other languages like Hindi and Tamil . She made her acting debut in 1998 with the movie `` Master '' which featured `` Megastar '' Chiranjeevi . In the same year , she has started her television career with the lead role in the serial `` Priya Sakhi '' which also happened to be the first mega serial in Gemini channel directed by Vadderaju Lakshmi Sharat and produced by Dr.Vadderaju Sharat Kumar . This serial was a run away hit and was hugely popular among the young and the old alike . She came to be known as `` Priya Sakhi '' Priya following the huge success of her character in the serial . She has won the prestigious `` Nandi Award '' presented by the government of Andhra Pradesh for her role in this serial . This followed with a string of soap operas in almost all the leading TV channels in Telugu , in which she has acted in a variety of roles . Apart from soap operas , she has acted in about 60 feature films in Telugu and Hindi with various co stars like Chiranjeevi , Pawan Kalyan , Venkatesh , Nagarjuna and also with the Super Star of Indian Cinema , Amitabh Bachchan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c38d37e94ee11f305669bba935afc3b", "text": "Swara Bhaskar Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu ( born 9 April 1988 ) is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry . She has received two Filmfare Award nominations and her prime achievements have made her one of the most noticed actresses of the Hindi cinema . Bhaskar , the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar , was born and raised in Delhi . After receiving her bachelor 's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi , she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master 's in Sociology . Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama Madholal Keep Walking , a commercial failure . She achieved further mainstream attention for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu ( 2011 ) . Her performance in the film was well received by critics and she garnered a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . Bhaskar was praised for portraying an aggressive lover in the critically acclaimed romantic drama Raanjhanaa ( 2013 ) , for which she earned her second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . She then played supporting roles in the romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns ( 2015 ) and the romantic drama Prem Ratan Dhan Payo ( 2015 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Her starring roles in the comedy drama Nil Battey Sannata ( 2016 ) , and the drama Anaarkali of Aarah ( 2017 ) were widely acclaimed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221cf9899ccc517f8f2115b4e4e2a86e", "text": "Jai Shri Krishna Jai Shri Krishna ( English : Hail Lord Krishna ) is an Indian television series produced by Sagar Pictures , which aired on Colors in Hindi from 21 July 2008 to 15 September 2009 and also on Raj TV in Tamil from 20 April 2009 to 14 June 2010 . Actor Meghan Jadhav played Krishna . It is the remake of Ramanand Sagar 's successful show Sri Krishna and was handled by Moti Sagar of Sagar Pictures . It is based on Mahabharata , Harivamsa , Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana . It is aired regularly on Rishtey in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd74f6077ed5c1844c1d6298e6b2174b", "text": "Jhanjhaar Jhanjhaar ( Fire ) is a 1987 Hindi social drama film directed by V. Shantaram . Made under Rajkamal Kalamandir banner it was a V. Shantaram Productions film . It had music by Kalyanji Anandji . The film starred Sushant Ray ( Shantaram 's grandson ) , with Padmini Kolhapure , and the rest of the cast included Yunus Parvez , Sudhir Pandey and Ranjana Deshmukh ( niece of Hindi film actress Sandhya who was V. Shantaram 's wife ) . Ranjana 's career came to a halt when she met with a car accident on the way to the shooting of this film in Bangalore . Culminating the end of a career that `` spanned '' nearly seventy years in Indian cinema , Jhanjhaar was Shantaram 's last released film , and a commercial failure at the box-office . Shantaram was 85 years at the time of making Jhanjhaar . The film is set in a village where a man claiming to be a freedom-fighter takes advantage of the villagers for his own evil purposes . The story then follows the rise of the villagers against him .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e18ca7273fd916e88660d68f44a9e06f", "text": "Sian Brooke Sian Brooke ( born Sian Elizabeth Phillips in Lichfield in 1979 ) is a British actress , known for portraying Laura in All About George , Lori in Cape Wrath , and Eurus Holmes in Sherlock .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d70480591f269e0fd19e6b4a4c226c49", "text": "Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast . From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast . In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "511226225aa0034fa528a7f20e301a50", "text": "Pirehill Hundred Pirehill is a hundred in the county of Staffordshire , England . The hundred is located in the north-west and centre of Staffordshire , named after Pire Hill ( height 462 ft ) , a hill two miles south of Stone . The hill was a meeting place for the hundred moot and a rallying point in case of invasion . A large number of hundred names refer to hills or mounds . Some of these at least are very conspicuous hills , which afford a commanding view of the countryside for miles around . It seems likely that such sites were chosen as being remote , and where interference was most easily avoided . Northern Staffordshire is to a large extent moorland , which must have been unattractive to early settlers . It is noteworthy that the meeting-places of the two northern hundreds ( Pirehill and Totmonslow ) are in the extreme south of the respective hundreds . The origin of the hundred dates from the division of his kingdom by King Alfred the Great into counties , hundreds and tithings . From the beginning , Staffordshire was divided into the hundreds of Pirehill , Totmonslow , Offlow , Cuttleston and Seisdon . Pirehill is one of the largest of the five hundreds of Staffordshire , having an area of 201,493 acres ( 314 sq.miles ) , and in the 19th Century the most populous hundred in Staffordshire , with a population in 1861 of 149,734 . It is remarkable for the fertility of its soil , for the beauty and diversity of its scenery and the number and magnificence of its stately homes ( the seats of the nobility and gentry ) , as also for the extent and importance of its manufactures . It contains the long chain of towns and villages called the Potteries , a renowned place of china and pottery manufacturing in the 19th century and later . It also contains Stafford and Stone , which were renowned for shoe manufactutring . It is about 28 miles in length , north to south , and around 8 to 20 miles in breadth . It is bounded on the north-east by Totmonslow ( Totmanslow ) hundred , on the east by Offlow hundred , on the south by Cuttleston Hundred and on the west and north-west by Shropshire and Cheshire . The River Trent rises at its northern extremity and flows through it in a south-easterly direction , passing the noble seats of Trentham , Ingestre , Shugborough and Wolseley ; and nearly parallel with that river runs the Trent and Mersey Canal . 1t contains the boroughs of Stafford , the county town , Newcastle-under-Lyme and Stoke-on-Trent , which latter includes the Potteries . Besides these , Pirehill has six other market towns : Burslem , Hanley , Lane-End , Stone , Eccleshall and Abbots Bromley . In the early 19th century it comprised 42 parishes , 14 chapelries and 5 extra-parochial places , which were subdivided into 126 townships and containing several hundred villages and hamlets . It was separated into the north and south divisions , under the control of two chief constables . The number of the inhabitants nearly doubled during 1801-1831 , as a vast augmentation occurred in the Potteries and at Newcastle , Stone and Stafford . The north and south divisions were of very unequal extent and population . The large parishes of Adbaston , Eccleshall and Seighford , had townships in both divisions , an inconvenience which divided many of their parochial affairs between the two chief constables . The importance of the hundreds declined from the 17th century , and most of their functions were extinguished with the establishment of county courts in 1867 . Abandoned although never abolished by statute , in 1894 the hundred was made obsolete with the establishment of urban districts and rural districts in Staffordshire . The population of the hundred , its two divisions and its various parochial units is shown below :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b65718c792235c6b145628ab23159ec7", "text": "County Borough of Dudley The County Borough of Dudley was a local government district in the English Midlands from 1865 to 1974 . Originally a municipal borough , it became a county borough in 1889 , centred on the main town centre of Dudley , along with the suburbs of Netherton and Woodside . Although surrounded by Staffordshire , the borough was associated with Worcestershire for non-administrative purposes , forming an exclave of the county until 1966 , when it was transferred to Staffordshire after an expansion of the borough boundaries . Following local government reorganization in 1974 , Dudley took in the boroughs of Halesowen and Stourbridge to form the present-day Metropolitan Borough of Dudley , in the newly formed West Midlands county .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8a8a18b9076823ffda1b10166412564", "text": "Burntwood Burntwood is a town in Staffordshire , England , approximately 4 mi west of Lichfield . The town had a population of 26,049 at the time of the 2011 census and forms part of Lichfield district . The town forms one of the largest urbanised parishes in England . Samuel Johnson opened an academy in nearby Edial in 1736 . The town is home to the smallest park in the UK , Prince 's Park , which is located next to Christ Church on the junction of Farewell Lane and Church Road . The town expanded in the nineteenth century around the coal mining industry . Areas of Burntwood are Boney Hay , Chase Terrace , Chasetown , Gorstey Lea and Burntwood Green . Nearby places are Brownhills , Cannock , Cannock Wood , Norton Canes , Gentleshaw , Hammerwich and Lichfield . In September 2009 it was announced that a Burntwood man , Terry Herbert , had discovered a hoard of Saxon treasure with a metal detector in a field in the adjoining village of Hammerwich . Known as the Staffordshire Hoard , it is the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold yet found . Burntwood has 7 primary schools , Fulfen Primary School , Holly Grove Primary School , Boney Hay Primary School , Chasetown Primary School , Springhill Primary school , Chase Terrace Primary School and Ridgeway Primary School . And 2 high schools which are Erasmus Darwin Academy ( previously Chasetown Specialist Sports College ) and Chase Terrace Technology College . Both schools fell victim to arson attacks in 2002 and 2004 . Chasetown High School lost its sports gym facility and most of Chase Terrace High School was destroyed . Both have since been rebuilt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba7dcce4e25ce41ee75056ceb6a0f134", "text": "Middlewich Middlewich is a town in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire , England . It is 19.2 mi east of the city of Chester , 2.9 mi east of Winsford , 5.3 mi southeast of Northwich and 4.7 mi northwest of Sandbach . The population of the town at the 2011 Census was 13,595 . Middlewich lies on the confluence of three rivers : the Dane , Croco and Wheelock . Three canals also pass through the town , the Shropshire Union , Trent and Mersey , and the Wardle canal , as well as three major roads , the A533 , A54 and A530 ; Middlewich also has good motorway links to the nearby cities of Manchester and Liverpool . The town 's population has doubled since 1970 despite a reduction in the number of manufacturing jobs in salt and textile manufacturing , suggesting that many of the new residents live in Middlewich for reasons other than local employment . Since 1990 there have been initiatives to increase the volume of tourism into the town , through events such as the annual folk and boat festival , the Roman and Norman festivals , and regular farmers ' markets . In 2014 , it was rated one of the most attractive postcode areas to live in England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4edd625332c3667074281491d79f6f6a", "text": "Audley Rural Audley Rural is a parish of Staffordshire , England , located four miles to the north-west of the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme . It is predominantly a rural area , of which Audley is the centre . Other settlements are Alsagers Bank , Bignall End , Halmer End , Miles Green , Scot Hay and Wood Lane , and the outlying hamlets of Dunkirk , Mill End , Shraley Brook , Eardley End , Coopers Green , Butters Green and Crackley Gates . The population of this parish at the 2011 census was 8,437 . The parish elects councillors to Newcastle Borough Council for the Audley and Bignall End ward , and , with Betley and Balterley parishes , for the Halmerend ward . Audley village has seen national media coverage in recent years , due to Denise Leigh , a local blind amateur singer , winning the Operatunity television programme , and becoming an opera singer . The village is also the home of acclaimed graphic novelist Andi Watson . The parish was created in 1932 by a split of the previous Audley parish , much of which went to form the Talke parish . Nearby landmark Bignall Hill provides views south to Cannock Chase and the city of Stoke-on-Trent ; north across the Cheshire Plains to Jodrell Bank radio telescope ; east to Mow Cop Castle and the Peak District ; and west to the mountains of North Wales and Snowdonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97993f093450f52174e6a941859209cd", "text": "Bob Warman Robert Paul `` Bob '' Warman ( born 11 October 1946 ) is an English television presenter , born at Chuckery , Walsall , West Midlands ( then Staffordshire ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e012794e244fdcf6cfc75c3a5ef4c40c", "text": "Clive Brooke, Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe Clive Brooke , Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe ( born 21 June 1942 ) is a British trade unionist , and Labour Member of the House of Lords . The son of John Brooke and Mary Colbeck , Brooke was educated in Thornes House School , Wakefield . From 1964 to 1982 , he worked as Assistant Secretary of the Inland Revenue Staff Federation , from 1982 to 1988 as Deputy General Secretary and as General Secretary from 1988 to 1995 . In 1996 Brooke became Joint General Secretary of Public Services Tax and Commerce Union and held this post until 1998 . He was Member of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) between 1989 and 1996 and between 1993 and 1996 of the TUC Executive Committee . Brooke is a Member of the Public and Commercial Services Union ( PCS ) , the successor to the civil service union he led . On 2 August 1997 , he was created a life peer as Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe , of Alverthorpe in the County of West Yorkshire . He sits on the Labour benches . In the same year he became Trustee of the Institute for Public Policy Research . He has been a trustee and Council member of Community Service Volunteers ( CSV ) and is a trustee of Action on Addiction . He served as a non-executive director of NATS ( formerly National Air Traffic Services ) from 2001 until 2006 . Lord Brooke of Alverthorpe has been married to Lorna Hopkin Roberts since 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ff747dfe404ee0b732f9e9cf9b5427", "text": "Made in Birmingham Made in Birmingham is a local television station , serving Birmingham , the Black Country , Wolverhampton and Solihull in the West Midlands of England . The station is owned and operated by Made Television and forms part of a group of eight local TV stations . It broadcasts from studios and offices at the Walsall Studio School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef21d727bc0fff5e179c1884fad0a62", "text": "Staffordshire Moorlands Staffordshire Moorlands is a local government district in Staffordshire , England . Its council , Staffordshire Moorlands District Council , is based in Leek and is located between the city of Stoke-on-Trent and the Peak District National Park . The 2001 census recorded the population as 94,489 . Principal industries are agriculture , fashion and tourism . The area 's three towns are Leek , Cheadle and Biddulph . Visitor attractions include the National Trust property Biddulph Grange , the Churnet Valley Railway , the UK 's largest and number one theme park Alton Towers Resort , and the annual Leek Arts Festival . There are also a variety of outdoor pursuits such as rock climbing ( The Roaches ) , sailing ( Rudyard Lake ) and cycling ( Waterhouses ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e2976f46759bec93fb64116df0c21f4", "text": "Clifton Campville Clifton Campville is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire , England . It lies on the River Mease , about 10 mi east of the City of Lichfield , 6 mi west of Measham and 7 mi north of Tamworth . The village lies very close to Stafforshire 's borders with Derbyshire , Leicestershire and Warwickshire . In 2001 the parish had a population of 764 , increasing to 912 at the 2011 census . There is a fine gothic church , dedicated to St Andrew , and listed Grade I . The village pub , The Green Man , is also a historic building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abf52ccc02f1e36fe31782454073905d", "text": "Staffordshire Women cricket team The Staffordshire Women 's cricket team is the women 's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Staffordshire . They play in Division Three of the Women 's County Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4402c202dd1d6ac91f2c716e8ced104d", "text": "Shropshire Hills The Shropshire Hills are one of the natural regions of England . They lie wholly within the county of Shropshire and encompass several distinctive and well-known landmarks , such as the Long Mynd , Wenlock Edge , The Wrekin and the Clees . The Shropshire Hills lie south of the county capital of Shrewsbury between the Welsh border and Much Wenlock , extending as far south as Ludlow . To the north they are bounded by the Shropshire , Cheshire and Staffordshire Plain , to the east by the Severn Valley and Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau , to the southeast by Knighton and the Teme Valley and to the southwest by the Clun and North West Herefordshire Hills . The Shropshire Hills are listed as Natural Area No. 42 and also as National Character Area 65 by Natural England , the UK Government 's advisor on the natural environment . The NCA covers an area of 107902 ha and measure around 50 km from west to east and north to south . The dominant pattern of the hills is a series of southwest to northeast ridges , scarps and valleys . They are characterized by steep , rounded ` whaleback ' hills , often crowned with open moorland , with woodland dressing the steeper slopes . There are scattered farms in dales and sheltering in valleys ; larger settlements being confined to the Stretton Valley and A49 corridor . Roughly a half of the NCA lies within the Shropshire Hills AONB . In addition , the region contains two Special Areas of Conservation ( The Stiperstones & The Hollies SAC ; Downton Gorge SAC ) and a national nature reserve ( The Stiperstones NNR ) as well as 73 Sites of Special Scientific Interest , the latter totalling 4,893 ha . Its major watercourses are the rivers Corve , Onny , Severn and Teme and the Ledwyche and Rea Brooks . The average elevation is 84 m ; the highest point is Brown Clee Hill at 540 m. Significant summits in the Shropshire Hills include : Brown Clee ( 540m ) , Stiperstones ( 536m ) , Titterstone Clee ( 533m ) , Long Mynd ( Pole Bank ) ( 516m ) , Caer Caradoc ( 459m ) , Heath Mynd ( 452m ) , Hope Bowdler ( 426m ) , The Wrekin ( 407m ) , Ragleth Hill ( 398m ) , Lawley ( 377m ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b8efc8e84318ba64ac16f7b4fdfbc5", "text": "Ellesmere Port Ellesmere Port -LSB- ˈɛlzmɪərpɔrt -RSB- is a large town and port in Cheshire , England , south of the Wirral . The town had a population of 55,715 in 2011 . As well as a service sector economy , the town has retained large industries including Stanlow oil refinery , a chemical works and the Vauxhall Motors car factory . There are also a number of tourist attractions : the National Waterways Museum , the Blue Planet Aquarium and Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c006dda8a8302f9c5e63dad6df8b64", "text": "Litchfield, Connecticut Litchfield is a town in and former county seat of Litchfield County , Connecticut , United States . The population was 8,466 at the 2010 census . The boroughs of Bantam and Litchfield are located within the town . There are also three unincorporated villages : East Litchfield , Milton , and Northfield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3af729874ca81e6619d0376d07f437b", "text": "Waseley Hills High School and Sixth Form Centre Waseley Hills High School and Sixth Form Centre is a mixed secondary school and sixth form with academy status in the town of Rubery , on the border of the county of Worcestershire and the city of Birmingham , England , at the base of the Waseley Hills Country Park . The school with its dedicated sixth form centre has about 1,000 students on roll and has specialist status as a Business and Enterprise College . The school also has specialist hearing impaired provision , and a specialist able autism base . It has gained a number of awards , including the Artsmark award in the academic term 2005/2006 , and the Investor in People award . A 2010 Ofsted report accorded the school a Grade 3 ( satisfactory ) . The school 's catchment area includes the surrounding primary schools of Lickey Hills Primary , Holywell Primary , and Beaconside Primary and Nursery . Waseley converted to academy status in September 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd78d00904d2f0ee651be7d44c5e2fb", "text": "St Peter the Great St Peter the Great is a suburb of the City of Worcester in Worcestershire , England . It is almost due south of the city centre , on the east side of the river Severn , and due south of the Cathedral . Maps of the area in 1977 show just a main road and a single country road with a few cottages . Now it has a growing population which was recorded as 5,620 in 2001 . The parish is named after the church of St Peter the Great . The parish of the church had two parts - St Peter the Great City and St Peter the Great County . St Peter the Great County was originally the part of St Peter 's parish outside the City of Worcester . When the church of St Peter the Great in Sidbury was closed and demolished , the parish of St Peter was joined with that of St Martin , and the new parish of St Martin with St Peter came into existence in 1974 . St Peter the Great church ( so named due to a second St Peter church the other side of the cathedral ) was located between King Street and Sidbury but was closed in 1972 and demolished in 1976 . The congregation and the war memorial were transferred to St Martin church on the London Road . The original church site is now housing and a car park ( 2016 ) . The nearby junior school of St Peter 's was closed during the 1960s , the buildings were purchased by Worcester Porcelain factory and now houses the Museum of Royal Worcester . St Peter the Great County Parish was established as a Civil Parish around 1993/1994 when the area was annexed to the City of Worcester under the Local Government Act 1972 , in 1974 , having previously formed part of Pershore Rural District . St Peter the Great , or `` St Peters '' as it is commonly abbreviated to , is mainly a large housing estate with a large Tesco superstore , a petrol station and a small shopping area containing a convenience store , a Chinese takeaway , a chip shop , a dentist , a beauty salon , chemist , dry cleaner , charity shop and a part-time GP surgery close to the village hall . In 2007 , despite objections from some local residents , a Baptist church opened close to the centre of the estate , the church centre is used for worship , meetings and youth activities also meetings of other groups . The parish is within a mile of Junction 7 of the M5 motorway and within three miles of the centre of Worcester . In September 2013 , a large scale planning request was made to the County Council to build further dwellings , together with commercial and light industrial buildings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b091c2c1a4081dcf5ef4ce1587367196", "text": "Lichfield Road, Stone Lichfield Road is a cricket ground in Stone , Staffordshire . The ground was established in 1948 , when Staffordshire played Buckinghamshire in the grounds first Minor Counties Championship match . From 1948 to the present day , it has hosted 43 Minor Counties Championship matches . The first List-A match played on the ground came in the 1973 Gillette Cup between Staffordshire and Dorset . From 1973 to 2004 , the ground played host to 13 List-A matches , the last of which saw Staffordshire play Lancashire in the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy . In July 1974 , the ground played host to a match between the England U-19 cricket team and West Indian U-19 cricket team , which was the first U-19 match for both teams . In local domestic cricket , Lichfield Road is the home ground of Stone Cricket Club who play in the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1adf9d4e107fe4e85ce43f97773307a8", "text": "Soho, West Midlands Soho is an area on the borders of Central Birmingham and Smethwick , approximately 2 miles north west of Birmingham city centre on the A41 . The name is an abbreviation of South House , denoting that it was located to the south of Handsworth . The section of the A41 separating Handsworth from Winson Green is known as Soho Road . Soho expanded dramatically during the 19th century with the construction of numerous houses and factories , and immigration from the Commonwealth was centred in these homes during the 1950s and 1960s . Most of the immigrants who settled in Soho were of Indian origin . Further housebuilding took place by the local council during the 1960s and 1970s . Soho falls partly in the Soho ward of the City of Birmingham and partly in the Soho and Victoria ward of the Borough of Sandwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "306cb1322ba8603d4699ada265555fb7", "text": "Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke Robert Greville , 2nd Baron Brooke ( May 1607 -- 2 March 1643 ) was an English Civil War Roundhead General . Greville was the cousin and adopted son of Fulke Greville , 1st Baron Brooke , and thus became the second Lord Brooke , and owner of Warwick Castle . He was born in 1607 , and entered parliament for Warwick in 1628 . He attended parliament and took part in some debates , but an investigation took place into his election for Warwick , and it was voided on 31 May 1628 . Before a by-election could take place , Greville 's adopted father died , on 30 September 1628 , and Robert succeeded to the peerage that year , and thereafter was able to sit in the House of Lords . He was involved in the foundation of Saybrooke in Connecticut . Greville was imprisoned by Charles I at York in 1639 for refusing to take the oath to fight for the king , and soon became an active member of the parliamentary party ; taking part in the Civil War he defeated the Royalists in a skirmish at Kineton in August 1642 . During the Civil War , he commanded Parliament forces in Warwickshire and Staffordshire and was looked on by many as the Earl of Essex 's eventual successor . In 1642 he gained the victory of Kineton . He took Stratford-upon-Avon in February , 1643 and was killed shortly afterwards besieging Lichfield Cathedral on 2 March . Greville was reportedly shot by a sniper ( a concealed person who fired at Greville with a rifle ) and many consider him to be the first recorded victim of sniper fire . Brooke was eulogized as a friend of toleration by John Milton . He wrote on philosophical , theological and current political topics . The Cambridge History of English and American Literature said of Greville , : He was an ardent puritan , and , in 1641 , wrote A Discourse opening the nature of that Episcopacie which is exercised in England , aimed at the political power of the bishops . In the same year was published his philosophical work The Nature of Truth . In this work , he refuses to distinguish between philosophy and theology . `` What is true philosophy but divinity ? '' he asks , `` and if it be not true , it is not philosophy . '' Greville married Lady Catherine Russell , daughter of Francis Russell , 4th Earl of Bedford and Hon. Catherine Brydges , circa 1630 . They had three children : Francis Greville , 3rd Baron Brooke Robert Greville , 4th Baron Brooke Fulke Greville , 5th Baron Brooke ( d. 22 October 1710 ) , father of Algernon Greville ( MP ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b25ab07475379188019dd27d18f64a1b", "text": "Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "02871a6b0b52cb121af40d8134143aaf", "text": "Pony Express (film) Pony Express is a 1953 American western film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill , Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok , Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane type character and Rhonda Fleming that was filmed in Kanab , Utah . The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express and tells a highly fictionalized account ( e.g. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and would have been 14 at the time ) of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery pioneers in 1860 's United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8ccc39a7dc8b72da12cc1aa4073623", "text": "Wild and Wonderful Wild and Wonderful is a 1964 film comedy starring Tony Curtis and his then-wife Christine Kaufmann ( whom he had married in 1963 ) . The plot revolves around a clever French poodle named Monsieur Cognac , and the dog 's effect on the newly married couple portrayed by Curtis and Kaufmann . The film was Curtis 's last under his long contractual relationship with Universal Studios . The film had six credited writers , including Waldo Salt , who was then still working his way back from years on the Hollywood blacklist and who reportedly `` hated '' the film . In his 1999 obituary for Larry Markes , another of the credited writers , Dick Vosburgh of The Independent commented , `` Critics found it hard to accept that it had taken six writers to fashion the wafer-thin tale of a jazz flautist whose marriage to a French film star is threatened by the jealous tricks of Monsieur Cognac , her neurotic , alcoholic French poodle . '' In his obituary for Tony Curtis in 2010 , Dave Kehr dismissed the film as `` disastrous , '' noting that Curtis was rebuilding his reputation after an earlier affair with Kaufmann , his co-star in Wild and Wonderful , and subsequent divorce from Janet Leigh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fccccbecfd3d77a3f2e39a10bbe2fc26", "text": "Loving Memory Loving Memory is a 1971 drama film written and directed by Tony Scott , credited as Anthony Scott . This 57 minute film was made 12 years before Scott 's feature directorial debut , The Hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30270077061a305f7154d5d0cf1747d7", "text": "Not Easily Broken Not Easily Broken is an 2009 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Bill Duke . The film is written by Brian Bird based on T. D. Jakes ' 2006 novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d35f3c5c48b1fbd93d483c68be2fc92", "text": "Buffalo '66 Buffalo '66 is a 1998 comedy-drama film that is writer-director Vincent Gallo 's full-length motion picture debut . Vincent Gallo and Christina Ricci star in the lead roles and the supporting cast includes Mickey Rourke , Rosanna Arquette , Ben Gazzara , and Anjelica Huston . Gallo also composed and performed much of the music for the film . The film received critical acclaim and Empire listed it as the 36th-greatest independent film ever made . It was filmed in and around Gallo 's native Buffalo , New York in winter . The film uses British progressive rock music in its soundtrack , notably King Crimson and Yes . The title refers to the Buffalo Bills football team , with the number referring to the statement , `` They have n't won a championship since 1966 . '' This is critical to the plot which focuses on the Super Bowl in which the Bills , in the early 1990s , came very close to winning , but the game was blown with a missed field goal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058cacfacfcf40551e7fca6948bb6f6f", "text": "Tony Zierra Tony Zierra is an American director and producer . He has directed three movies : Carving Out Our Name , USA The Movie and My Big Break in which he also appeared . From an early age Zierra 's goal was to become a filmmaker . He attended film studies classes at NYU , Texas A&M and UCLA . His first documentary , Carving Out Our Name premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to much acclaim . Shortly after , Zierra went on the road to capture America 's reaction to the September 11 attacks . The film that emerged , USA The Movie , explores the cyclical nature of violence and retaliation . The film was the subject of an in-depth analysis from a Deleuzian perspective by scholar and commentator Dion Dennis . Zierra 's award-winning documentary , My Big Break , is a cautionary tale about the darker side of celebrity and the consequences of fame that also includes his struggle to make his first film . My Big Break has received consistently strong reviews and has been repeatedly praised for its unusually candid look at the effects of success on young rising stars in Hollywood.http : / / staticmass.net/documentary/my-big-break-dvd-2011-review/http://www.theentertainmentcorner.com/2012/05/my-big-break-interview.html My Big Break won Best Documentary at the Boston Film Festival , Best Documentary at Artsfest , Pennsylvania , was nominated for Best Documentary at the Raindance Film Festival in London and was an official selection of The American Cinematic Experience Festival in New York . Zierra has been a featured speaker at The Popular Culture American Culture ( PCA/ACA ) national academic conference in New Orleans , PCA/ACA Southwest/Texas academic conference and the PCA/ACA national academic conference in Boston . Zierra is in production on the documentary SK13http : / / www.imdb.com/title/tt1562571/about the legendary filmmaker , Stanley Kubrick . His documentary '' Filmworker '' http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6851066/?ref_=nv_sr_1 about the life of Stanley Kubrick 's longtime assistant , Leon Vitali is part of the Cannes Film Festival Official Selection 2017 premiering in Cannes Classics http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cannes-classics-2017-1", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7948ef852a05a5144a25f3394752773", "text": "Million Dollar Bill (album) Million Dollar Bill is the debut album by Australian musician Billy Thorpe , released in 1975 . The album spawned the singles `` It 's Almost Summer '' , `` Drive My Car '' , `` Do the Best You Can '' and `` Mama Told Her '' . The album peaked at number 37 on the Kent Music Report in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2199c5660e63b9e7fa26d4efbedcb452", "text": "Door to Door (film) Door to Door is a 2002 television film about Bill Porter , an inspiring and successful door-to-door salesman with cerebral palsy . The film stars William H. Macy , who plays Porter , and also features Helen Mirren , Kyra Sedgwick , Michael Shanks and Kathy Baker . Door to Door , directed by Steven Schachter , was produced for the TNT cable network . It was nominated for twelve and won six Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Made for Television Movie , and also won a Peabody Award . Porter had been told for many years that he was not employable , but he was determined to succeed and focused his efforts into working as a salesman for Watkins . Despite the awkwardness and pain of his condition , he would walk eight to ten miles a day to meet his customers . Porter supported himself and continued to work as a salesman until age 69 . Door to Door is also the name of a 2009 Japanese TV movie starring Kazunari Ninomiya loosely based on the Bill Porter story set in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa4fef8d33048dba12a88f5a9ee917d", "text": "Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States . However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c87a1ee44f9af14e0f61a014830a625", "text": "Tony Dawe Tony Dawe ( born 1940 ) is a British sound engineer . He has been nominated for four Academy Awards in the category Best Sound . Since 1958 , he has worked on 70 feature films , 18 films made for television , and 340 hours of television drama . Before joining the film industry in 1967 , he worked as an engineer at the famous EMI Abbey Road recording studios in 1958/60 . Between 1960 and 1967 he worked for ABC Television at their Teddington studios , where he was in charge of the sound dubbing suite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f660d15ce40db87493a1d9e95afc0c13", "text": "The Bills The Bills are a high impact , acoustic folk music quintet from the West Coast of Canada . They have developed a unique sound , blending traditional influences from around North America and the rest of the globe in crafting their own vocal and instrumental music . Formed in 1996 ( as The Bill Hilly Band ) , they have performed extensively throughout North America and Europe . Most recently , in 2012/2013 , the band has embarked on tours in North America to support their 2012 release ( 2013 in the US ) , Yes Please . Though the lineup has had a few changes since the band first formed , the present-day Bills include : Marc Atkinson - mandolin , guitar , vocals Richard Moody - violin , viola , vocals Chris Frye - guitar , lead vocals Adrian Dolan - fiddle , piano , accordion , vocals Scott `` Grampa Bill '' White - upright bass , vocals The group has also toured and recorded with both Joey Smith and Nick Mintenko on bass , and Glen Manders ( `` Reverend Bill Bass '' ) was the bassist and key part of their early success from 1998 to 2008 . The Hamilton Spectator said `` The Bills represent everything that is good about roots music in Canada '' . The Boston Globe wrote `` Their sound is panoramic , mischievous , fiercely unpretentious - and musically splendid '' . And to top it all off , in honour of their legendary live shows and inventive rootsy style , the UK press proclaimed `` The biggest blast of fresh air to come out of Canada since The Band '' ( Glasgow Herald ) and `` Probably the best live act I have ever seen '' ( Maverick Magazine ) . The Bills have their strongest followings in Western Canada , the Western US ( particularly Northern California ) , Ontario and the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12113ffa2a6df4e1dfaf3133e3e653b", "text": "Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f851ade9592957126e4f1b11f69c4e", "text": "Skateboard (film) Skateboard is a 1978 American film directed by George Gage and starring Leif Garrett . Tony Alva features in a cameo as `` Tony Blue-tile '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ac3fcc2a5f7f09b1f47bc946f3f8c8", "text": "August (2008 film) August is a 2008 American drama film directed by Austin Chick and presented by 57th & Irving . The screenplay by Howard A. Rodman focuses on two brothers , ambitious dot-com entrepreneurs attempting to keep their company afloat as the stock market begins to collapse in August 2001 , one month prior to the 9/11 attacks . The film premiered as an official selection of the Spectrum section at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8fcf7e96686a8d568846a2f04da1ed21", "text": "Russell Crowe Russell Ira Crowe ( born 7 April 1964 ) is an actor , film producer and musician . Although a New Zealand citizen , he has lived most of his life in Australia . He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the 2000 historical epic film Gladiator , directed by Ridley Scott , for which Crowe won an Academy Award for Best Actor , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor , an Empire Award for Best Actor and a London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and 10 further nominations for best actor . Crowe appeared as the tobacco firm whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand in the 1999 film The Insider , for which he received five awards as best actor and seven nominations in the same category . In 2001 , Crowe 's portrayal of mathematician and Nobel Prize winner John F. Nash in the biopic A Beautiful Mind brought him numerous awards , including a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role . Crowe 's other films include Romper Stomper ( 1992 ) , L.A. Confidential ( 1997 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) , American Gangster ( 2007 ) , State of Play ( 2009 ) , Robin Hood ( 2010 ) , Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and Noah ( 2014 ) . Crowe 's work has earned him several accolades during his career and including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , three consecutive Academy Award nominations ( 1999 -- 2001 ) , one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor , one BAFTA , and an Academy Award . Crowe is also the co-owner of the South Sydney Rabbitohs , an Australian National Rugby League team .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c87e17d97b21620c16a8a0bbcf5f3eaa", "text": "Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière . The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa38d35b992dfa3f261d6487beea2f86", "text": "Seconds (1966 film) Seconds is a 1966 American science fiction drama film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Rock Hudson . The screenplay by Lewis John Carlino was based on Seconds , a novel by David Ely . The film was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival and released by Paramount Pictures . The cinematography by James Wong Howe was nominated for an Academy Award . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6ef4ea3650e1d6c0ae50764d047178", "text": "John Sumner (actor born 1951) John Sumner ( born 14 October 1951 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb83437f1ca19c6d1c0d06c6de3d189", "text": "Richard Keynes __ NOTOC __ Richard Darwin Keynes , CBE , FRS ( -LSB- ˈkeɪnz -RSB- ; 14 August 1919 -- 12 June 2010 ) was a British physiologist . Great-grandson of Charles Darwin , Keynes edited his grandfather 's accounts and illustrations of Darwin 's famous voyage aboard the HMS Beagle into The Beagle Record : Selections From the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle , which won praise from the New York Review of Books and The New York Times Book Review . Keynes was the eldest son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret Elizabeth ( née Darwin ) , daughter of George Darwin . He was educated at Oundle School before going up to Trinity College , Cambridge . In 1945 , he married Anne Pinsent Adrian , daughter of Edgar Adrian and his wife Hester ( née Pinsent ) . They had four sons , Adrian ( 1946 -- 1974 ) , Randal Keynes ( b. 1948 ) , Roger Keynes ( b. 1951 ) , and Simon Keynes ( born 1952 ) . During the war , Keynes served as a temporary experimental officer at the Anti-Submarine Establishment and Admiralty Signals Establishment ( 1940 -- 45 ) , returning to Cambridge after the war to complete his degree ( 1st Class , Natural Science Tripos Part II , 1946 ) . Keynes remained at Trinity College as a Research Fellow between 1948 and 1952 , winning the Gedge Prize in 1948 and the Rolleston Memorial Prize in 1950 . His career at Cambridge included : demonstrator in Physiology ( 1949 -- 53 ) ; Lecturer ( 1953 -- 60 ) ; Fellow of Peterhouse ( 1952 -- 60 , and an Honorary Fellow , 1989 ) ; Head of the Physiology Department , and first Deputy Director ( 1960 -- 64 ) , then Director ( 1965-73 ) ; Director of the ARC Institute of Animal Physiology ( 1965 -- 72 ) ; Professor of Physiology ( 1973 -- 87 ) ; Fellow of Churchill College , since 1961 . Outside Cambridge , Keynes 's positions included : Secretary-General of the International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics ( 1972 -- 78 ) , then Vice-President ( 1978 -- 81 ) and President ( 1981-84 ) ; chairman of the International Cell Research Organisation ( 1981 -- 83 ) and the ICSU/Unesco International Biosciences Networks ( 1982 -- 93 ) ; President of the European Federation of Physiological Societies ( 1991 ) ; a Vice-President of the Royal Society ( 1965 -- 68 ) ; Croonian Lecturer ( 1983 ) ; Fellow of Eton College ( 1963 -- 78 ) ; foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy ( 1971 ) , American Philosophical Society ( 1977 ) , American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( 1978 ) and the American Physiological Society ( 1994 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3856e91539658b197b57807761bdbe15", "text": "Private Eye Project The Private Eye Project is a research based educational program created by Kerry Ruef in 1988 . Founded in both inquiry-based learning and active learning approaches , it is designed to accelerate student learning by the development of critical thinking skills , creativity , literacy , and scientific literacy . Some of the main themes are `` close observation '' , `` thinking by analogy '' , `` hands-on investigation '' , `` changing scale '' , and `` theorizing '' . One of the main tools used in the program for enhancing close observation is a loupe . The first three and one half years were grant-funded by the Discuren Charitable Foundation and piloted in the Seattle Public Schools . As of October 2010 , The Private Eye Project has been used by thousands of teachers and over 3 million students . The Private Eye Project is both a curriculum and staff development program ; its teacher-training component is also distributed via university school of education programs . And , it has been recognized positively by many University department directors , professors , and professional scientists , as well as numerous teachers and administrators ; Fritjof Capra says the pattern-recognition skills embedded in The Private Eye are central to learning systems thinking ; George Nelson calls it an exciting approach to ... the art of mathematical and scientific thinking which should be a part of every school . It is viewed as a powerful program for fostering ecoliteracy . It is considered an innovative program for teaching thinking . The methodology of The Private Eye Project is sometimes referenced in discussions of creativity and critical thinking . In May 2015 The Private Eye was featured in Microscopy Today , the journal of the Microscopy Society of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3c1cb2b0e6adf415b46b2ab79cc27e9", "text": "Proof (1991 film) Proof is a 1991 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse , and starring Hugo Weaving , Geneviève Picot and Russell Crowe . The film was released in Australia on 15 August 1991 . It was chosen as `` Best Film '' at the 1991 Australian Film Institute Awards , along with 5 other awards , including Moorhouse for `` Best Director '' , Weaving for `` Best Leading Actor '' , and Crowe for `` Best Supporting Actor '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e899ed8c0db7137eea38179d539881b4", "text": "Pathological science Pathological science is an area of research where `` people are tricked into false results ... by subjective effects , wishful thinking or threshold interactions . '' The term was first used by Irving Langmuir , Nobel Prize-winning chemist , during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory . Langmuir said a pathological science is an area of research that simply will not `` go away '' -- long after it was given up on as `` false '' by the majority of scientists in the field . He called pathological science `` the science of things that are n't so '' . Bart Simon lists it among practices pretending to be science : `` categories ... such as ... pseudoscience , amateur science , deviant or fraudulent science , bad science , junk science , and popular science ... pathological science , cargo-cult science , and voodoo science '' . Examples of pathological science may include Martian canals , N-rays , polywater , and cold fusion . The theories and conclusions behind all of these examples are currently rejected or disregarded by the majority of scientists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39a95c8a908c45d99e698f0f6d8cc64", "text": "Pearl Meister Greengard Prize The Pearl Meister Greengard Prize is an award for women scientists in biology given annually by the Rockefeller University . The Prize was founded by Nobel laureate Paul Greengard and his wife Ursula von Rydingsvard in honor of Greengard 's mother , Pearl Meister Greengard , who died giving birth to him . Greengard began funding the award in 1998 . Greengard donated the full share of his 2000 Nobel Prize to the fund , and was able to use his new publicity to attract additional funding for the award , which was launched in 2004 . The award is to combat discrimination against women in science , since , as Greengard observed , '' -LSB- women -RSB- are not yet receiving awards and honors at a level commensurate with their achievements . '' Two recipients of the Prize , Carol Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn , have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "322af893a6f048a852a721327e3d4490", "text": "A Brief History of Time (film) A Brief History of Time is a 1991 biographical documentary film about the physicist Stephen Hawking , directed by Errol Morris . The title derives from Hawking 's bestselling book A Brief History of Time , but whereas the book is an explanation of cosmology , the film is a biography of Hawking 's life , featuring interviews with family members , colleagues , and even his childhood nanny . The music is by frequent Morris collaborator , Philip Glass . The film project originated with executive producer Gordon Freedman who brought the project to Anglia Television as a co-producer . After acquiring the property , Freedman met with director Steven Spielberg for advice on how to make the project into an important documentary film . Spielberg suggested Errol Morris as director . Freedman 's production company partnered with Anglia Television and Tokyo Broadcasting . David Hickman , of Anglia , became the film 's producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7bfeca6209accd29dca11c1751a0ac", "text": "Russell Barnes Russell Barnes ( born 1968 ) is a British television producer and director , known primarily for documentaries about science and contemporary history . He was educated at Bedford Modern School and studied history at Christ 's College , Cambridge . Russell Barnes worked as a researcher on cult youth programmes A Stab in the Dark and The Word , and also Channel 4 's television review show , Right to Reply . In 2002 , he directed Empire , a revisionist account of British colonial history presented by the Harvard historian Niall Ferguson . A sequel about US power , American Colossus , followed in 2004 . In 2004 Russell Barnes produced Churchill 's Forgotten Years , written and presented by the Cambridge University historian David Reynolds . Barnes and Reynolds went on to collaborate on a series of further feature-length history documentaries for the BBC , including The Improbable Mr Attlee , Summits and Armistice , which charted the final month of the First World War from the German perspective and received special commendation from the jury at the 2009 Grierson Awards ceremony . In 2011 , they produced World War Two : 1941 and the Man of Steel , a new profile of Josef Stalin , which was shortlisted in the Best Historical Documentary category of the 2012 Grierson Awards . This was followed in 2012 by World War Two : 1942 and Hitler 's Soft Underbelly which argued that the war in the Mediterranean became a dark obsession for Winston Churchill , and in 2015 , World War Two : 1945 and the Wheelchair President , examined the impact of Franklin Rooselvelt 's failing health and marriage on his war leadership . Long Shadow , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , was broadcast on BBC2 in 2014 . The series , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , received widespread and favourable press coverage and reviews . Russell Barnes started working with the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 2005 , directing the series The Root of All Evil ? and The Enemies of Reason , which attracted controversy for their robust advocacy of atheism and rationalist principles . Barnes and Dawkins ' next series The Genius of Charles Darwin , marking the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species in 2008 , won Best Documentary series at the 2009 Broadcast Awards . Russell Barnes has produced several films that explore the history of communications technology including , in 2000 , How the Victorians Wired the World and Hackers in Wonderland . In 2009 he was series producer of The Virtual Revolution , a BBC2 history of the World Wide Web presented by Aleks Krotoski . The series won the 2010 International Digital Emmy Award and the 2010 BAFTA New Media Award . In 2010 Barnes founded the independent production company ClearStory Ltd with Molly Milton , where he has produced projects including Richard Dawkins series Sex , Death and the Meaning of Life , the award-winning observational documentary Gypsy Blood and the controversial studio format Sex Box for Channel 4 . Russell Barnes is active in Directors UK , sitting on the organisation 's distribution committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351f7e4acadce62cbab65a26f0bb7a37", "text": "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics . The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 . The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983c94405daa8a487fce2652d1a7c0bf", "text": "Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a `` substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science and medical science '' . Fellowship of the Society , the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence , is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton ( 1672 ) , Charles Darwin ( 1839 ) , Michael Faraday ( 1824 ) , Ernest Rutherford ( 1903 ) , Srinivasa Ramanujan ( 1919 ) , Albert Einstein ( 1921 ) , Winston Churchill ( 1941 ) , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( 1944 ) , Dorothy Hodgkin ( 1947 ) , Alan Turing ( 1951 ) and Francis Crick ( 1959 ) . More recently , fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking ( 1974 ) , Tim Hunt ( 1991 ) , Elizabeth Blackburn ( 1992 ) , Tim Berners-Lee ( 2001 ) , Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ( 2003 ) , Andre Geim ( 2007 ) , James Dyson ( 2015 ) , Ajay Kumar Sood ( 2015 ) and around 8000 others in total , including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900 . , there are around 1600 living Fellows , Foreign and Honorary Members . Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as `` the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar '' with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6bf503d7f477e7364d9cab818762d46", "text": "Figments of Reality Figments of Reality : The Evolution of the Curious Mind ( 1997 ) is a book about the evolution of the intelligent and conscious human mind by biologist Jack Cohen and mathematician Ian Stewart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d5ee281a478bd5c1887aeba009e2c6", "text": "Reith Lectures The Reith Lectures is a series of annual radio lectures given by leading figures of the day , commissioned by the BBC and broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Service . The lectures were inaugurated in 1948 by the BBC to mark the historic contribution made to public service broadcasting by Sir John Reith , the corporation 's first director-general . Lord Reith maintained that broadcasting should be a public service which enriches the intellectual and cultural life of the nation . It is in this spirit that the BBC each year invites a leading figure to deliver a series of lectures on radio . The aim is to advance public understanding and debate about significant issues of contemporary interest . The first Reith lecturer was the philosopher and Nobel laureate , Bertrand Russell . The first female lecturer was Dame Margery Perham in 1961 , who spoke on the impact of colonialism in her series of talks entitled The Colonial Reckoning . The youngest Reith Lecturer was Colin Blakemore , who was 32 years old in 1976 when he broadcast six lectures on the brain and consciousness , titled Mechanics of the Mind .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "642b8e634a5545adbea9ed34b1da2859", "text": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album , on the Decca Records label , of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe , Jennifer Connelly ( who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as `` Alicia Nash '' ) , Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany . The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner . The album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well , but believed it to be similar to several of Horner 's previous films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c38f17d7a929897fc716e98d303b51f8", "text": "Robbie Collin Robbie Collin is a British film critic . Collin studied aesthetics and the philosophy of film at the University of St Andrews , Scotland , He edited the university 's student newspaper , The Saint . Collin is chief film critic at The Daily Telegraph . From 2007 to 2009 he wrote a weekly film column for the News of the World until the newspaper 's closure in July 2011 . That year he was shortlisted for Critic of the Year at the British Press Awards . He appeared on the Channel 4 Vue Film Show , presented by Edith Bowman , and contributed to the BBC Radio 2 Arts Show with Claudia Winkleman . In August 2013 he guest presented BBC Radio 4 's Film programme . In August 2014 , February 2015 , July -- August 2015 , February 2016 and in April 2016 he guest presented Kermode and Mayo 's Film Review , also with Edith Bowman .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48cc0202018b410c2e522d724ca98d51", "text": "Robbie Boyd Robbie Boyd is a singer , songwriter and musician from London , United Kingdom . This British singer/songwriter , has performed live on ITV 's This Morning twice ; written a song with the legendary Ray Davies ; caught the attention of Sir Tim Rice , and been regularly aired on Absolute Radio , Xfm and various BBC radio stations including Graham Norton 's show on BBC Radio 2 . In 2017 Boyd will release his second album Break the Chain . To promote the album he has spent the early part of 2017 on the road . A February tour of several European countries ( Belgium , Netherlands , Germany and Switzerland ) , was followed by an extensive tour of Australia in March and April . Boyd has always enjoyed performing to audiences around the globe . In previous years he has performed in various European countries and also further afield , including Argentina and Japan . He has been invited to Nashville on more than one occasion to record , perform and write with other musicians . Boyd and his band have supported artists such as McFly , The Feeling and The Kooks . They have played at a number of events and festivals in the UK and sold out several headline shows in London including The Borderline , The Barfly and Bush Hall . Boyd was the first Briton to perform on the roof of London 's O2 Arena . Boyd 's songs have captivated a worldwide audience of over 10,000 Facebook fans and more than 500,000 YouTube views . In 2010 , Boyd 's musical talents attracted the attention of Sir Tim Rice who included Boyd 's songs `` Oh Alaska '' and `` New Hampshire '' in his BBC Radio 2 series American Pie . The following year , Robbie and his band won the `` Alternative '' category of Live and Unsigned and were also named London 's `` Busker of the Year '' . In 2013 they reached the top 20 of MTV 's Brand New for 2013 competition . Boyd has released a number of singles and EPs , all of which have received positive reviews . In May 2014 he released his debut Album So Called Man which was equally well received . In 2015 Boyd began writing and performing with several individual female artists including Katey Brooks , Lledra and Persephone . Boyd plays a number of musical instruments , including the Okinawan sanshin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640fce52b879620925120db72a23aecd", "text": "Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. The Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. ( TRO ; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of China ( ROC ) in the United Kingdom ( UK ) . It is not a fully-fledged embassy owing to the ongoing Taiwan dispute and One-China policy . However , it is the highest-level representation of the ROC government in the United Kingdom . It manages cultural , economic and political cooperation between the UK and the ROC , as well as offering consular services . Its counterpart body in Taiwan is the British Office Taipei .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a65ce5fb6a24dc81d615eb43c2efd4af", "text": "Quango A quango or QUANGO , less often QuANGO or QANGO is an abbreviation for quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation . Such terms are used most often in the United Kingdom and , to a lesser degree , Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , the United States , and other English-speaking countries . As its name suggests , a quango is a hybrid form of organization , with elements of both non-government organizations ( NGOs ) and public sector bodies . It is typically an organisation to which a government has devolved power , but which is still partly controlled and/or financed by government bodies . In the UK , the term quango covers different `` arm 's - length '' government bodies , including `` non-departmental public bodies '' , non-ministerial departments , and executive agencies . One UK example is the Forestry Commission , which is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in England and Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9381e69312d1cb906bef1e9e72515a45", "text": "Rodolphe Collinet Rodolphe Collinet is a Belgian businessman . He is President Director of Executive Board , Chief Executive Officer , President , Chief Executive Officer of Carmeuse Group and President of Carmeuse Group . He succeeded his father , Dominique Collinet , as CEO of Carmeuse in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f906db669a170abdd1532656c7f1a9d", "text": "Collin, Dumfries and Galloway Collin is a small village between Dumfries and Gretna in Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland . It is located on the Lochar Water , and the A-75 roadway . It lies 5.3 km east of Dumfries , and 20 km north-west of Annan . It has a cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf65e937fb7eaeef25181df41601476", "text": "Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales ( which make up Great Britain ) , and Northern Ireland . In Northern Ireland , all police officers carry firearms . In the rest of the United Kingdom , the majority of police officers do not carry firearms ; that duty is instead carried out by specially-trained firearms officers . This originates from the formation of the Metropolitan Police Service in the 19th century , when police were not armed , partly to counter public fears and objections over armed enforcers as this had been previously seen due to the British Army maintaining order when needed . The arming of police in Great Britain is a perennial topic of debate . However , the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ) , Northern Ireland Security Guard Service , Ministry of Defence Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary , Belfast Harbour Police , Belfast International Airport Constabulary , and most of the Specialist Operations units of the Metropolitan Police are all issued firearms as a matter of routine . Every force also has a Force firearms unit , with armed response vehicles . In relation to specialist firearms officers , in the year 2011 -- 12 , there were 6,756 Authorised Firearms Officers , 12,550 police operations in which firearms were authorised throughout England and Wales and five incidents where conventional firearms were used . The vast majority of officers are instead issued with other items for personal defence , such as speedcuffs , extendable `` ASP '' batons , and incapacitant sprays such as PAVA or CS spray . While not firearms , incapacitant sprays are subject to some of the same rules and regulations as a projectile firing firearm under Section 5 ( b ) of the Firearms Act 1968 . Since 2004 , police forces have increasingly been issuing Tasers to Authorised Firearms Officers for use against armed assailants . Tasers are considered by the authorities to be a non-lethal alternative to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f9e013663701164149ef7ec6230e766", "text": "Big Six energy suppliers The Big Six are the United Kingdom 's largest energy suppliers , supplying gas and electricity to over 50 million homes and businesses in Britain , with over 90 % share of domestic customers . `` Supplier '' is meant by the business of buying wholesale power ( or gas ) , paying network and government policy costs and charges , and charging the customers of that supplier , for their electricity ( or gas ) . The assets of a supplier , which is a separate licensed business , are its people , and its offices . The business of four of the big energy Suppliers , including of their wider company groups , does not entail owning , or running , any actual network assets - underground cables , overhead lines , or pipes - to physically deliver electricity or gas . The two exceptions to this , are the two big Scottish Supplier firms , whose wider company groups do own some network assets . Confusingly , the term `` Big Six '' has recently been used prominently in the British media to refer , instead , to Britain 's energy network firms such as UK Power Networks ( which are generally independent of the biggest six British energy suppliers ) . There has also been a tendency in the media to wrongly refer to electricity network firms as `` electricity suppliers '' , thus sowing further confusion and misunderstanding , The `` Big Six '' as the term has most often been used , tends to be a reference to the oldest British electricity companies ( which are all also involved in the retail Supply of gas ) plus British Gas . This comprises ( 1 ) British Gas ( owned by UK firm Centrica which is listed on the LSE ) , ( 2 ) EDF Energy ( owned by French firm Électricité de France which is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange , ( 3 ) npower , ( 4 ) E.ON UK ( each German-owned ) , ( 5 ) Scottish Power ( Spanish-owned ) , and ( 6 ) SSE ( listed on the LSE ) . According to SERIS , the generation businesses of the ` Big Six ' energy firms amount to around three-quarters of British generating capacity . Three out of the ` Big Ten ' generators in the UK can probably still be categorised as majority-owned by British shareholders ; the other seven are listed firms that are owned by their many shareholders , some of whom will be British , but many of whom may not be British . Figures from independent research group Cornwall Energy suggest that by September 2014 Britain 's big six energy companies had a 92.4 % share of the market -- a decrease from 99.8 % in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e6326b63bcac67ef561f086e1ac6b41", "text": "Robert Wilson (Music for Youth) Robert Allan David Wilson is an English entrepreneur , musician and philanthropist who lives in Knebworth , Hertfordshire . He was awarded an MBE in the Queen 's Birthday Honours , 2016 . for services to the music industry and charity . He is Founder of Sound Technology and Music for Youth and a Member of Kicking Back .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77d733edb869c9ec26ff2d74848d47b3", "text": "Collin (District Electoral Area) Collin is one of the ten district electoral areas ( DEA ) in Belfast , Northern Ireland . The district elects six members to Belfast City Council and contains the wards of Dunmurry ; Ladybrook ; Lagmore ; Poleglass ; Twinbrook and Stewartstown . Collin , along with neighbouring Black Mountain and most of the Court District Electoral Area , forms the greater part of the Belfast West constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament . The DEA was created for the 2014 local elections , combining parts of the Upper Falls District Electoral Area , which had existed since 1985 , with parts of the abolished Lisburn City Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6944a188694cfcc446509edb88dc6b80", "text": "Roger Draper Roger Draper is the former Chief Executive of Sport England from 2003 to 2006 , and the Lawn Tennis Association from 2006 to 2013 . In his time at Sport England , Draper had overall accountability for business turnover of # 340m , and was involved in London 's 2012 Olympic bid , and the Wembley National Stadium construction project . As Accounting Officer for Sport England , he had responsibility for reporting to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , and represented the organisation at a wide range of Select Committees , including the Public Accounts Committee hearing on the Wembley National Stadium Project , in 2003 . He also led a major review and reorganisation of the # 450m spent on sport in the UK . This included the completion of the # 120m English Institute of Sport network of high performance facilities including new centres at Bath and Loughborough Universities , and a review of corporate governance across a number of sports , including athletics , hockey , rugby league , golf , cricket , boxing , karate and bowls . Draper joined the LTA in 2006 and published the ` Blueprint , a Strategy for British Tennis ' , which set out his plans to transform the national governing body for British tennis . This included a complete restructure of the organisation , a new commercial strategy and programme , the introduction of Talent ID , and a comprehensive review and rebuild of all the LTA 's major events . During his time at the LTA , turnover grew by 45 % to # 65m , and commercial revenues increased by three and a half times , in part the result of a ground-breaking Lead Partner agreement with pensions provider Aegon UK . British Tennis membership grew by 500 % and the number of juniors playing competitive tennis sevenfold . Draper was also responsible for introducing a new mini tennis programme and a nationwide talent ID system for British tennis . During this period , Great Britain won the Junior Davis Cup for the first time , and a number of British juniors won grand slam singles and doubles titles . In 2007 Draper withdrew funding from Naomi Broady , then age 17 and the leading junior , as a disciplinary measure for posting pictures and comments online wholly unrelated to tennis . This resulted in a feud which has resulted in Broady refusing to play for GB ever since and funding her own career . The general opinion of observers was that Draper was reflecting an LTA mindset which discredited tennis and put back attempts to widen participation beyond a narrow wealthy social group . In 2013 , Andy Murray became the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title for 77 years . Despite a growth in the number of children playing tennis , Draper 's tenure was criticised for failing to increase levels of participation among adults . The problems of participation came to a head when in December 2012 Sport England announced that # 10.3 million of the LTA 's # 17.4 million funding total had been put on hold , with Sport England chief executive Jennie Price telling Press Association Sport : `` Tennis has not performed well in terms of participation '' . Sport England subsequently released the funding to the LTA . After his salary package at the LTA was revealed to be # 640,000 in 2012 , Draper and the LTA received further criticism , including from Baroness Billingham , the Chair of Parliament 's All-Party Tennis Group . His 7 1/2 year tenure as chief executive of the LTA came to an end in March 2013 when he announced that he would stand down in September 2013 Draper opposed the creation of the # 40 million National Tennis Centre at Roehampton , and in August 2014 , it was reported that the centre was to close , just 7 years after it was opened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da52acf50a429b6673a879ce40cd98a", "text": "Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Before the Act was passed , citizens of British Commonwealth countries had extensive rights to migrate to the UK . In response to a perceived heavy influx of immigrants , the Conservative Party government tightened the regulations , permitting only those with government-issued employment vouchers , limited in number , to settle . The leader of the opposition in Parliament at the time , Hugh Gaitskell , called the act `` cruel and brutal anti-colour legislation '' . The Act was amended by the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 and another new Act , Immigration Act 1971 , came into force in 1971 . These Acts resulted from widespread opposition to immigration in Britain from a variety of political groups , but most notably the Conservative Monday Club , whose Members of Parliament were very active and vocal in their opposition to mass immigration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0970b37aaa392e58eca24ae1990c63a2", "text": "Roger Carrick Sir Roger Carrick ( born 13 October 1937 ) is a former British diplomat and an author and business adviser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598952ae4683c4bfa7e8247cbe3187e1", "text": "Robert McCartney (Northern Irish politician) Robert Law McCartney , QC ( born 24 April 1936 ) is a Northern Irish barrister and a former leader of the UK Unionist Party . He was initially a member of the Ulster Unionist Party but was expelled in June 1987 when he refused to withdraw from the general election of that year . He stood against the incumbent Popular Unionist Party MP Sir James Kilfedder in North Down as a `` Real Unionist '' but failed to win the seat . In the 1995 by-election in North Down after the death of Kilfedder he was elected as a `` UK Unionist '' defeating the Ulster Unionist Party candidate . He subsequently established the United Kingdom Unionist Party to contest elections to the Northern Ireland Forum and the related talks which started in 1996 . The other party representatives to the Forum were Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien and Cedric Wilson , a former low-level DUP member in the 1980s . McCartney retained his Westminster seat in the 1997 election . He opposed the subsequent Belfast Agreement in the May 1998 referendum and his party won five seats in the Assembly elections later that year ( McCartney himself in North Down , Cedric Wilson in Strangford , Patrick Roche in Lagan Valley , Norman Boyd in South Antrim and Roger Hutchinson in East Antrim ) . However , Wilson , Roche , Boyd and Hutchinson parted company with McCartney in December 1998 because of their leader 's so-called ` exit strategy ' from the Northern Ireland Assembly in the event of Sinn Féin being allowed seats in the new Northern Ireland Government . McCartney denounced them , saying all four ` were famous in their own living rooms ' and that their supporters ` could fit into a telephone box . ' In 2008 both Wilson and Boyd attended meetings of Jim Allister 's Traditional Unionist Voice . In 1999 , Robert McCartney ran for the party in elections to the European Parliament , winning 2.9 % of the first preference vote . He lost his Westminster seat in the 2001 election to the UUP candidate Lady Hermon . He was committed to a policy of integration for Northern Ireland , whereby legislative devolution for Northern Ireland would no longer be Westminster 's abiding policy , there would be no Stormont legislative assembly and the province would be a fully participating part of the United Kingdom ; at the same time the three main British political parties would fully organise in Northern Ireland . He was the president of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1986 , and led it in its four years of prominence after the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement . McCartney resigned as head of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1988 over a dispute with its executive . These integrationist policies , once popular in some sections of Unionism , receded with the introduction of devolution to Scotland and Wales , and the creation of a functioning Northern Ireland Assembly . However it is the case that other parts of the United Kingdom with devolved assemblies are fully covered by the three main British political parties , but not in Northern Ireland . McCartney also strongly opposed the St Andrews Agreement and in 2007 stood on an anti-agreement ticket in six different constituencies . He lost his own seat in North Down , polling 1,806 first preference votes ( 5.9 % of the total , and less than half the quota required to be elected ) . He also obtained 360 votes ( 1.2 % ) in Belfast North , 388 votes ( 0.8 % ) in Fermanagh and South Tyrone , 853 votes ( 2.0 % ) in Lagan Valley , 893 votes ( 2.3 % ) in South Antrim and 220 votes ( 0.5 % ) in West Tyrone He claims to have retired from politics following the loss of his seat in the 2007 Assembly Election to Brian Wilson of the Green Party . However , he still occasionally makes media appearances and writes newspaper articles and in October 2009 , Robert McCartney was guest speaker at the Traditional Unionist Voice party conference in Belfast , where he spoke on the situation surrounding the primary school transfer test , brought about by a Sinn Féin Education Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44dc2a457ac1ed92a3e58eb3e0285992", "text": "Dutch people in the United Kingdom Dutch people in the United Kingdom , also known as Anglo-Dutch people , include British people of Dutch ancestry and people born in the Netherlands who live in the United Kingdom . The 2001 UK Census recorded 40,438 Dutch-born people residing in the UK . More recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics put the figure at 56,000 in 2013 . The 2011 Census recorded 57,439 Dutch-born residents in England , 1,642 in Wales , 4,117 in Scotland and 515 in Northern Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34021c88781768d4b43e36362a2948d6", "text": "Robbie Johnston Robert ( `` Robbie '' ) Ian Johnston ( born 21 August 1967 in Balclutha ) is a former long-distance runner from New Zealand who competed twice at the Summer Olympic Games and once at the Commonwealth Games . At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona he was ninth in his heat of the 5000m and did not advance to the final . At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta he was 12th in his heat of the 10000m and did not advance to the final . At the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Vancouver he did not finish the 10000m . Johnston 's best international result was fourth in the 5000m metres at the 1994 World Cup in Athletics representing Oceania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82c4263af1e09314c9d7fb5a0c80fab2", "text": "South African Canadians South African Canadians are Canadian-born people of South African descent or South African immigrants with Canadian citizenship . Most South African Canadians are White South Africans , mostly of British and Afrikaner ancestry . According to the Canada 2011 Census there were 34,000 Canadians who claimed South African ancestry , either full or partial . Also , the census revealed 1,945 people of Afrikaner descent in Canada , although most Afrikaners in Canada may declare different countries of origin from Southern Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6334fa4149124015979ec1c66d91777", "text": "Stephan Dahl Stephan Dahl ( born 29 September 1971 ) is a British academic and senior lecturer at the University of Hull and adjunct associate professor at James Cook University , having previously taught marketing at Middlesex University in London , United Kingdom . He is an advocate of diversity marketing .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71ebbaca13da28d8f299d4801bf15279", "text": "Sleeping Beauty (2011 film) Sleeping Beauty is a 2011 Australian erotic drama film that was written and directed by Julia Leigh . It is her debut as a director . The film stars Emily Browning as a young university student who begins doing erotic freelance work in which she is required to sleep in bed alongside paying customers . The film is based on influences that include her own dream experiences , and the novels The House of the Sleeping Beauties and Memories of My Melancholy Whores by Nobel laureates Yasunari Kawabata and Gabriel Garcia Marquez , respectively . The film premiered in May at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival as the first Competition entry to be screened . It was the first Australian film In Competition at Cannes since Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) . Sleeping Beauty was released in Australia on 23 June 2011 . It premiered in US cinemas on 2 December 2011 on limited release . Overall critical reception of the film has been mixed , rising to some approval through June 2016 , after circulation of the film on the festival circuit ; audience reception , on the other hand , has been weak ( less than a third of a sample of tens of thousands approving ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "651344a2785a3fc37fd1074109cb5172", "text": "Cinderella Cinderella , or The Little Glass Slipper , ( Cenerentola , Cendrillon , ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre , Aschenputtel ) is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward . Thousands of variants are known throughout the world . The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances , that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune . The story of Rhodopis , recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo in around 7 BC , about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt , is considered the earliest known variant of the `` Cinderella '' story . The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 , and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales . Although the story 's title and main character 's name change in different languages , in English-language folklore `` Cinderella '' is the archetypal name . The word `` Cinderella '' has , by analogy , come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized , or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect . The still-popular story of `` Cinderella '' continues to influence popular culture internationally , lending plot elements , allusions , and tropes to a wide variety of media . The Aarne -- Thompson system classifies Cinderella as `` the persecuted heroine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4668c26fde29652939d99c20ac8830e1", "text": "Miss USA 2011 thumb | right | Miss USA 2011 , Alyssa Campanella , Las Vegas , NV on May 28 , 2012 Miss USA 2011 , the 60th anniversary of the Miss USA pageant , was held on the Las Vegas Strip at the Theatre for the Performing Arts in the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino , Paradise , Nevada on Sunday , June 19 , 2011 . Rima Fakih of Michigan crowned her successor , Alyssa Campanella of California , at the end of this event . She represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in São Paulo , Brazil on September 12 , 2011 . For the first time ever , one of the sixteen semifinalists was selected exclusively by fans via online voting and SMS messaging . Due to this , the competition formats were changed to reality series style group eliminations , Top 16 , Top 8 and Top 4 . This pageant gained attention on the internet , when a video of all the contestant 's answers to the question , whether evolution should be taught in school , was put on YouTube . Only two contestants affirmed that it should be taught , with the others confusing the question with the debate on evolution of species vs. creationism , or stating that both should be taught .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc51b4de3f5f4e9dc519f0ee5e31b5a3", "text": "King Priam King Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett , to his own libretto . The story is based on Homer 's Iliad , except the birth and childhood of Paris , which are taken from the Fabulae of Hyginus . The premiere was on 29 May 1962 , at Coventry . The opera was composed for an arts festival held in conjunction with the reconsecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral , for which Benjamin Britten also wrote his War Requiem , which was first performed in the Cathedral the day after the premiere of King Priam . The first Covent Garden performance was on 5 June , conducted by John Pritchard . It was premiered in Germany at the Badisches Staatstheater in 1963 , in Greece at the 1985 Athens Festival , in France at the Opéra de Nancy et de Lorraine in 1988 , in Italy at Batignano in 1990 , and in the United States San Francisco Opera Center Showcase in 1994 . In 2014 the work was revived by English Touring Opera , with a reduced orchestration by Iain Farrington , the first performance of this version being given at the Linbury Studio Theatre at the Royal Opera House on 13 February 2014 . As epigraph to the score Tippett placed the German words `` Es möge uns das Schicksal gönnen , dass wir das innere Ohr von dem Munde der Seele nicht abwenden , '' or , `` May Fate grant that we never turn our inner ear away from our soul 's lips . '' These words conclude a 1912 essay on the paintings of Arnold Schoenberg by Wassily Kandinsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187c4140abf5905d0515b92e5d37b6b2", "text": "Camelot (TV series) Camelot is a 2011 historical-fantasy-drama television series which premiered on 1 April 2011 . It was co-produced by the Starz cable network and GK-TV which began production during the summer of 2010 . The series , based on the Arthurian legend , was produced by Graham King , Morgan O'Sullivan and Michael Hirst . A special preview showing of the pilot episode `` Homecoming '' was aired on Starz Friday night , 25 February 2011 . On 30 June 2011 Starz announced it was not going to order new seasons of Camelot , citing significant production challenges , predominantly scheduling conflicts with some members of the cast , including Joseph Fiennes , Jamie Campbell Bower and Eva Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2697534c898057c5a2bd02d344978b17", "text": "British Academy Television Awards 2011 The 2011 British Academy Television Awards were held on 22 May 2011 . The nominations were announced on 26 April . Graham Norton hosted the ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f8f74e4c9d831e78d940fb851ad7553", "text": "List of animated television series of 2011 This is a list of animated television series first aired in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d2f917709ce0cdb5715a8b97db626c5", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2005 film) Beauty and the Beast ( also known as Blood of Beasts ) is a 2005 film which is based on the folktale `` Beauty and the Beast '' and is set during the time of the Vikings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e7c2fbb40e6470880bb2aa46a8ca26", "text": "Urakara Urakara , often stylized as URAKARA is a Japanese television drama series from TV Tokyo , first shown in Japan from 14 January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad808d22eadaec9b22f400596e8d51d", "text": "Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e248417029b050204044adfd65521e1", "text": "The first Queen The first Queen ( Hangul : 뮤지컬 선덕여왕 ) is a musical about Queen Seondeok of Silla of Korea . It debuted in 2010 as South Korea 's first original musical , and is continuing its run in Seoul as of February 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5420625cd2b41f8e83ff63c80d5e82", "text": "Foul Play (The Adventures of Black Beauty) `` Foul Play '' is the 22th episode of the first series of the British television series The Adventures of Black Beauty , premiered on 17 February 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d00cacc7cc72725a18e0908c1cc7803", "text": "Dorothy (opera) Dorothy is a comic opera in three acts with music by Alfred Cellier and a libretto by B. C. Stephenson . The story involves a rake who falls in love with his disguised fiancée . It was first produced at the Gaiety Theatre in London on in 1886 . After a rocky start , it was revised and transferred to the Prince of Wales Theatre later that year and then transferred to the Lyric Theatre in 1888 , where it played until 1889 . The piece had an initial run of 931 performances , breaking the record for the longest-running musical theatre production in history and holding this record until the run of the musical play A Chinese Honeymoon in the early 1900s . Dorothy also toured in Britain , America and Australia and enjoyed numerous revivals until at least 1908 . The piece was popular with amateur theatre groups , particularly in Britain , until World War II . The show 's hit songs included the ballad `` Queen of My Heart '' , `` Be Wise In Time '' , `` Hark For ` ard ! '' , `` With A Welcome To All '' , and `` The Time Has Come . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97c58d1d603fad09e87f19c6f43bfcb", "text": "The Sense of Beauty The Sense of Beauty is a book on aesthetics by George Santayana . The book was published in 1896 by Charles Scribner 's Sons , and is based on the lectures Santayana gave on aesthetics while teaching at Harvard University . Santayana published the book out of necessity , for tenure , rather than inspiration . In an anecdote retold by art critic Arthur Danto of a meeting with Santayana in 1950 , Santayana was reported to have said that `` they let me know through the ladies that I had better publish a book ... on art , of course . So I wrote this wretched potboiler . '' The book is divided into four parts : `` The Nature of Beauty '' , `` The Materials of Beauty '' , `` Form '' , and `` Expression '' . Beauty , as defined by Santayana , is an `` objectified pleasure . '' It does not originate from divine inspiration , as was commonly described by philosophers , but from a naturalistic psychology . Santayana objects to the role of God in aesthetics in the metaphysical sense , but accepts the use of God as metaphor . His argument that beauty is a human experience , based on the senses , is influential in the field of aesthetics . However , Santayana would reject this approach , which he called `` skirt -LSB- ing -RSB- psychologism , '' later on in life . According to Santayana , beauty is linked to pleasure , and is fundamental to human purpose and experience . Beauty does not originate from pleasurable experiences , by itself , or from the objects that bring about pleasure . It is when the experience and emotion of pleasure intertwines with the qualities of the object that beauty arises . Beauty is a `` manifestation of perfection '' , and as Santayana writes , `` the sense of beauty has a more important place in life than aesthetic theory has ever taken in philosophy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8059bde57cd3a6cb04b5e5f5431ba22", "text": "Birth of a Beauty Birth of a Beauty is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Joo Sang-wook , Han Ye-seul , Jung Gyu-woon and Wang Ji-hye . It aired on SBS from November 1 , 2014 to January 11 , 2015 for 21 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbfba4306bae65e1847af38ee464aace", "text": "List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 1) The first season of the Fairy Tail anime series was directed by Shinji Ishihira and produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight . It follows the first adventures of Natsu Dragneel and Lucy Heartfilia of the fictional guild , Fairy Tail . The season adapts the first 16 volumes of Hiro Mashima 's Fairy Tail manga series . Natsu befriends Lucy who joins the titular guild and later goes on missions with her to earn money along with fellow wizards Gray Fullbuster and Erza Scarlet , as well as Natsu 's flying cat Happy . The five go on a forbidden S-Class mission with Gray and Erza to save Galuna Island and fight Gray 's rival Lyon Vastia . Shortly after , the guildhall is attacked by their rival guild Phantom Lord , leading into a guild war . After the dissolution of Phantom Lord , the group learns of Erza 's past as a slave in the Tower of Heaven and confront Jellal Fernandez to destroy the tower . Lastly , once back at Fairy Tail , Natsu and the others face Laxus Dreyar and the Raijin Tribe as they stage a coup in Fairy Tail . The season initially ran from October 12 , 2009 to September 27 , 2010 on TV Tokyo in Japan . It was later released on DVD in 12 compilations , each containing four episodes , by Pony Canyon between January 29 and December 24 , 2010 . Crunchyroll streamed the whole season 's episode subtitled in English for free on its website . The season 's episodes were streamed as a simulcast , only one hour after they aired on TV Tokyo in Japan . The season was licensed by Animax Asia for a Southeast Asian broadcast . Their adaptation aired from September 30 , 2010 to December 6 , 2011 . DVDs of their adaptations were not released . In 2011 , Funimation Entertainment licensed the series for an English DVD release in North America . The season was released in four compilations between November 22 , 2011 and March 20 , 2012 . The series also began airing on the Funimation Channel in North America beginning on November 22 , 2011 . The season makes use of eight pieces of theme music : four opening themes and four ending themes . The opening themes are `` Snow Fairy '' , performed by Funkist for episodes 1 to 11 , by Idoling !!! for episodes 12 to 24 , `` Ft. '' performed by Funkist for episodes 25 to 35 , and `` R.P.G. ( Rockin ' Playing Game ) '' performed by Sug for the remainder of the season . The ending themes respectively used with the opening themes are performed by Watarirouka Hashiritai , by Onelifecrew , performed by Shiho Nanba , and by Mikuni Shimokawa . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7899a121f96ccf6eece719359f47af8", "text": "The Great American Beauty Contest __ NOTOC __ The Great American Beauty Contest is a 1973 American satirical comedy-drama TV film , starring JoAnna Cameron and featuring Eleanor Parker , Robert Cummings , Louis Jourdan and Farrah Fawcett in an early film appearance . It was directed by Robert Day and was originally shown on the ABC TV network in the United States on February 13 , 1973 . Allmovie characterizes the film as `` An unsubtle but effective TV-movie satire of the ` Miss America ' syndrome '' , and calls the belly dance performed by Farrah Fawcett `` endearingly ridiculous . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "49917ce44be87922384810809323c6dc", "text": "Donald Trump Donald John Trump ( born June 14 , 1946 ) is the 45th and current President of the United States . Before entering politics , he was a businessman and television personality . Trump was born and raised in Queens , New York City , and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School . He then took charge of The Trump Organization , the real estate and construction firm founded by his paternal grandmother , which he ran for 45 years until 2016 . During his real estate career , Trump built , renovated , and managed numerous office towers , hotels , casinos , and golf courses . Besides real estate , he started several side ventures and has licensed the use of his name for the branding of various products and properties , including Trump Entertainment Resorts , Trump Steaks , and Trump Vodka . He was the founder of Trump University . He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015 , and he produced and hosted The Apprentice , a reality television series on NBC , from 2004 to 2015 . His net worth was estimated to be $ 3.5 billion , making him the 544th richest person in the world . Trump first publicly expressed interest in running for political office in 1987 . He won two Reform Party presidential primaries in 2000 , but withdrew his candidacy early on . In June 2015 , he launched his campaign for the 2016 presidential election and quickly emerged as the front-runner among seventeen candidates in the Republican primaries . His remaining opponents all suspended their campaigns by the end of May 2016 , and in July he was formally nominated at the Republican National Convention along with Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate . Many of his campaign statements were controversial or false , generating much free media coverage . Trump won the general election on November 8 , 2016 , in a surprise victory against Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton and commenced his presidency on January 20 , 2017 . He became the oldest and wealthiest person ever to assume the presidency , the first without prior military or government service , and the fifth to have won the election while losing the popular vote . His political positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist , protectionist , and nationalist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b067b0c2a9bdb8b00c11382753669472", "text": "Great America PAC Great America PAC is a Super PAC that supported Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election . Great America PAC was founded in 2016 by Eric Beach , a political strategist who is a veteran of presidential campaigns . Beach soon brought on Ed Rollins , a long time Republican campaign consultant and strategist who served as the campaign manager for Ronald Reagan 's 1984 presidential campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3136ef3a705a62a8c929bb951b25d61a", "text": "Election An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office . Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century . Elections may fill offices in the legislature , sometimes in the executive and judiciary , and for regional and local government . This process is also used in many other private and business organizations , from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations . The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype , ancient Athens , where the Elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition , also known as allotment , by which officeholders were chosen by lot . Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place , or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems . Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections ( especially with a view to predicting future results ) . To elect means `` to choose or make a decision '' , and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to as elections , especially in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3545711a2cc397152d720dce6c11dfee", "text": "John McCain presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of John McCain , the United States Senator from Arizona , began in September 1999 . He announced his run for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election . McCain was the main challenger to Texas Governor George W. Bush , who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment . McCain staged an upset win in the February 2000 New Hampshire primary , capitalizing on a message of political reform and `` straight talk '' that appealed to moderate Republican and independent voters and to the press . McCain 's momentum was halted when Bush won the South Carolina primary later that month , in a contest that became famous for its bitter nature and an underground smear campaign run against McCain . McCain won some subsequent primaries , but after the March 2000 Super Tuesday contests he was well behind in delegates and withdrew . He grudgingly endorsed Bush two months later and made occasional appearances for him during the general election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "856884974896df470ae55d473dbe558d", "text": "Jason Miller (communications strategist) Jason Miller ( born 1974/75 ) is an American communications strategist and political manager , best known as the chief spokesman for the fall 2016 campaign and presidential transition of Donald Trump . Miller is currently employed at Teneo Strategy , and was formerly a partner and executive vice-president at Jamestown Associates . He was initially announced as the incoming White House Communications Director during the transition but withdrew days later . In 2017 , he became a CNN political contributor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9c0af7dfea258c4f699aad68ee4e10", "text": "List of Hillary Clinton presidential campaign political endorsements, 2016 This is a list of notable individual politicians and political organizations who have publicly indicated support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election . Public officials serving below the state level and all other individuals and entities are listed only if they have a separate stand-alone article or are otherwise clearly notable . Those who indicated their support after Hillary Clinton 's presumptive nomination on June 11 are denoted with an asterisk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f20654ea3c48c396fb034581fd6926f", "text": "Lion Guard The Lion Guard ( also known as the `` Lions of Trump '' or the `` Lion 's Guard Militia '' ) was a paramilitary far-right wing political group that was formed in 2016 in order to provide self-imposed security ( outside of private security and professional law enforcement ) at the rallies of Republican Party presidential nominee Donald Trump . At its height , the group had a reported membership of just over five hundred , although it boasted several hundred more followers on Facebook and Twitter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0c41f55090ea817bdffc5807aa09e8", "text": "List of Donald Trump presidential campaign primary endorsements, 2016 This is a list of notable individuals and organizations who voiced their endorsement of Donald Trump as the Republican Party 's presidential nominee for the 2016 U.S. presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba15b340b699f0f6cb9db889db649674", "text": "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Senator from Delaware , announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7 , 2007 of Meet the Press . He officially became a candidate on January 31 , 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission . Biden had previously run for president in 1988 , but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party . If elected , Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to be president since John F. Kennedy , and the first President to be born during World War II . ( b. 1942 ) During the campaign , Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization . He touted his record in the Senate as the head of several congressional committees and experience in foreign policy . Despite a few notable endorsements , Biden failed to garner significant support in opinion polls , and was marred by controversial comments made while campaigning . He ultimately dropped out of the race on January 3 , 2008 , after capturing less than 1 % of the vote in the Iowa caucus . Seven months after conclusion of his campaign , Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's vice presidential running mate . The pair won in the general election , and were sworn in on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a81e09293c7fe0a6c6213284db390ebd", "text": "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States . This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd7e7a8ddfd77a121be305f10f35bac", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8189ba28928a8e650fca5a80ad384ea", "text": "Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012 The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States , was formally announced on April 4 , 2011 . Along with his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney , along with various minor candidates from other parties . The election took place on Tuesday , November 6 , 2012 . Obama 's campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008 , such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod , returned to staff it . On the day of the announcement , the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort . As The Guardian newspaper noted , this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use Facebook and Twitter for promotion . Between early-2011 and June 30 , 2012 , the Obama campaign and supporters spent approximately $ 400 million , according to the Federal Election Commission . Obama won his re-election bid by a margin of 51.06 -- 47.21 % . This was the first time since 1944 , when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election , that a Democratic president had won by a majority of the electoral votes and over 51 % of the popular vote twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e2b5cc5337bd41556da2ef1f53b7a8", "text": "Trump Home Trump Home is a brand of furniture and home items marketed by American businessman and now President of the United States Donald Trump and owned by Trump 's company , The Trump Organization . Trump Home was launched in July 2007 , with two furniture lines manufactured by Lexington Home Brands . A third furniture line was made available in 2008 , at which point the brand was available in more than 18 international territories . A year later , the company partnered with Serta to produce mattresses under the Trump Home name . A line of Trump-branded tabletop crystal , manufactured by a Slovenian company , was launched in 2010 . Trump Home has also sold light fixtures , rugs , bath and bedding collections , and a candle and fragrance diffuser collection . In 2011 , Lexington chose not to renew its licensing agreement with Trump Home . Two years later , Trump Home entered a partnership with furniture company Dorya International to manufacture Trump-branded furniture . Serta ended its affiliation with Trump Home after Donald Trump described Mexican immigrants as `` rapists '' while announcing his 2016 presidential campaign . Lifestyle , a Dubai-based retailer of Trump Home products , also ended their affiliation with the company in 2015 , after Trump announced his plan to ban all Muslims from entering the United States . Other retailers have discontinued sales of Trump Home products since Trump was elected in November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d2c6f50ca1aaa8271bfa8411d32a104", "text": "Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) . The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern . Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions . Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone . Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4aee832419f3f71b0081230cae8d15b6", "text": "Better for America Better for America ( BFA ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election . The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees , Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton , and was seen as part of the Stop Trump movement . The organization 's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named , and then name its candidate after the major party conventions . The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections , or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election . On August 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Evan McMullin , an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) official , would be Better for America 's nominee . McMullin was officially nominated on August 24 . In July , the organization filed petitions in two states , New Mexico and Arkansas . By early August , Arkansas had accepted the petition , while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures , although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court . On August 22 , the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts . On September 8 , the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot . Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman . Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d7976006ff19cadcd0964c56f44df5", "text": "Bill Clinton presidential campaign Bill Clinton , the 42nd President of the United States , has successfully run for president twice : * Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1992 Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1996", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "523378c25cd0a861465ee3b4f886c1b5", "text": "Norway Norway ( -LSB- Norgehelp = no -RSB- ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the kingdom included the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Iceland . It also included Bohuslän until 1658 , Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645 , Shetland and Orkney until 1468 , and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266 . Norway has a total area of 385252 km2 and a population of 5,258,317 ( as of January 2017 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak Strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013 , replacing Jens Stoltenberg . A constitutional monarchy , Norway divides state power between the Parliament , the Cabinet and the Supreme Court , as determined by the 1814 Constitution . The kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms . By the traditional count from the year 872 , the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls . Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels : counties and municipalities . The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act . Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States . Norway is a founding member of the United Nations , NATO , the Council of Europe , the Antarctic Treaty and the Nordic Council ; a member of the European Economic Area , the WTO and the OECD ; and is also a part of the Schengen Area . The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum , natural gas , minerals , lumber , seafood , fresh water and hydropower . The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product ( GDP ) . On a per-capita basis , Norway is the world 's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East . The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists . On the CIA 's GDP ( PPP ) per capita list ( 2015 estimate ) which includes territories and some regions , Norway ranks as number eleven . From 2001 to 2006 , and then again from 2009 to 2017 , Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world . It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking . Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report , the OECD Better Life Index , the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5bf6f0fa97768dde8719d83d2263ec88", "text": "Norway–Sweden relations Norway -- Sweden relations are foreign relations between Norway and Sweden . The countries have a very long history together . They were both part of the Kalmar Union between 1397 and 1523 . The countries established diplomatic relations in 1905 , after the dissolution of the union between them in 1905 . Sweden has an embassy in Oslo and 14 consulates , in Ålesund , Arendal , Bergen , Bodø , Hamar , Hammerfest , Kirkenes , Mandal , Moss , Narvik , Porsgrunn , Stavanger , Tromsø and Trondheim . Norway has an embassy in Stockholm and three consulates , in Gothenburg , Malmö and Sundsvall . Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Nordic Council . There are around 44,773 Swedes living in Norway and around 18,000 Norwegians living in Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a148175eafc208fe28ce237f1538ea", "text": "Rail transport in Norway The Norwegian railway system comprises 4,087 km of ( standard gauge ) track of which 2,622 km is electrified and 242 km double track . There are 696 tunnels and 2760 bridges . The Norwegian Railway Directorate manages the railway network in Norway on behalf the Ministry of Transport and Communications . Bane NOR is a state enterprise which builds and maintains all railway tracks , while other companies operate them . These companies include Norges Statsbaner , NSB Anbud , CargoNet , Flytoget , Hector Rail , Tågåkeriet and Ofotbanen . Norway is a member of the International Union of Railways ( UIC ) . The UIC Country Code for Norway is 76 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4401aa092641889de876a813e163e789", "text": "Norwegian Dakotan A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American ( a person with Norwegian ancestry ) in the U. S. states of North and South Dakota . One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage , which is the highest among all U.S. states . South Dakota is number three , behind Minnesota . The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920 . As of 2009 , 312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry , 21.4 % of the region 's population ( 30.8 % of North Dakota 's population and 14.0 % of South Dakota 's population ) , or 6.7 % of the total Norwegian American population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de695adee3c583f891a86dfedab4243a", "text": "Fisheries case The United Kingdom v Norway -LSB- 1951 -RSB- ICJ 3 also known as the Fisheries Case was the culmination of a dispute , originating in 1933 , over how large an area of water surrounding Norway was Norwegian waters ( that Norway thus had exclusive fishing rights to ) and how much was ` high seas ' ( that the UK could thus fish ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8041d1eb4bbcf8710adbe44e79d3078", "text": "Norwegian Financial Services Association The Norwegian Financial Services Association ( Finansnæringens Hovedorganisasjon ) is an employers ' organisation in Norway . It was established in 2000 as a merger between the Norwegian Bankers ' Association and the Association of Norwegian Insurance Companies . In 2010 it founded the cooperation organization Finance Norway together with the Norwegian Savings Banks Association . Both organizations still exist , but not their respective `` service offices '' , whose tasks were taken over by Finance Norway . The headquarters are in Oslo . The board currently consists of Rune Bjerke ( leader ) , Helge Leiro Baastad ( deputy chair ) , Kirsten Idebøen , Idar Kreutzer , Kjerstin Fyllingen , Line M. Hestvik , Stein Ole Larsen , Sverre Thornes , Gunn Wærsted , Dag Tjernsmo and Trond F. Mellingsæter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f2259a9da20c87741f8f7449b4ed58", "text": "Royal Standard of Norway The Royal Standard of Norway ( Kongeflagge ) is used by the King of Norway . Of historical origin , it was introduced by Cabinet Decision of 15 November 1905 , following the plebiscite confirming the election of Prince Carl of Denmark to the vacant throne after the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway . Under his chosen name of Haakon VII , the new king arrived in the capital Kristiania on 25 November 1905 on a ship flying the royal standard for the first time . That first royal standard was charged with a lion designed by the Danish expert on heraldry Anders Thiset , complying with the blazon decided by the Cabinet . It differed from the definitive version of the royal standard , which was charged with the lion designed by the painter Eilif Peterssen The flag is the coat of arms of Norway in banner form . It is based on the 1905 version of the coat of arms , at least 750 years old . The present design of the coat of arms for government use was changed in 1937 to fit a medieval style , but the king has kept the 1905 design by Peterssen for the royal arms and standard . The flag was referred to as the `` ancient royal standard '' of Norway when it was introduced . It is the earliest known flag of Norway , originally only a flag for the king , as it is today . During the early period of the union with Denmark , it was occasionally flown from castles and naval vessels until it was gradually phased out during the 17th and 18th centuries . Its earliest certain depiction is on the seal of Duchess Ingebjørg in 1318 . In 1748 a decree stated that the Dannebrog should be the only legal merchant flag for ships of the united kingdoms of Denmark-Norway . The flag of the King is also used by the Queen . Between 1844 and 1905 , the kings of Norway used a royal standard on the same pattern as Denmark and Sweden . It was a war flag with the union mark in the canton and the royal union arms in the centre of the cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139c3a71f51034b52f5fb7c6c54ecbf1", "text": "Nordmøre Nordmøre ( English : North-Møre ) is a traditional district in the Norwegian county of Møre og Romsdal . The 6059 km2 area comprises the northern third of the county including the municipalities of Kristiansund , Averøy , Tingvoll , Surnadal , Rindal , Aure , Halsa , Eide , Sunndal , Gjemnes , and Smøla . The only city in Nordmøre is Kristiansund . Of these eleven municipalities , three are located ( mainly ) on islands : Kristiansund , Averøy , and Smøla ; seven lie on the coast ( including between , adjacent to , or at the end of , fjords ) : Tingvoll , Surnadal , Aure , Halsa , Eide , Sunndal , and Gjemnes ; while only one is landlocked : Rindal . In the early Viking Age , before Harald Fairhair , Nordmøre was a petty kingdom whose ruler was known as the Mørejarl ( literally : `` Møre-Earl '' ) . Then , Nordmøre also included the municipalities north and west of Orkdal municipality , Sør-Trøndelag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4aee9daad8c3a2a8c98d6909d30bd3b2", "text": "History of the Jews in Norway The Jews in Norway are one of the country 's smallest ethnic and religious minorities . The largest synagogue is in Oslo . A smaller synagogue in Trondheim ( 63 ° 25 ' N ) is the world 's second northernmost synagogue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1c24fee20a584e93c86b2f10b6a364", "text": "Electricity sector in Norway The electricity sector in Norway relies predominantly on hydroelectricity . A significant share of the total electrical production is consumed by national industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6610ef4471096425b36d7a88be75c58a", "text": "Nord-Trøndelag Nord-Trøndelag -LSB- ˈnuːɽ ˈtrœndəˈlɑːɡ -RSB- ( `` North Trøndelag '' ) is a county constituting the northern part of Trøndelag in Norway . As of January 1 , 2014 , the county had 135,142 inhabitants , making it the country 's fourth-least populated county . The largest municipalities are Stjørdal , Steinkjer -- the county seat , Levanger , Namsos and Verdal , all with between 21,000 and 12,000 inhabitants . The economy is primarily centered on services , although there are significant industries in agriculture , fisheries , hydroelectricity and forestry . It has the lowest gross domestic product per capita of any county in the country . Nord-Trøndelag covers 22412 km2 , making it the sixth-largest county , and consists of 23 municipalities . The district of Innherred runs along the east side of the Trondheimsfjord , and is the most populated area , with much farming . To the south lies the district of Stjørdalen , while in the north , the larger district of Namdalen stretches from the Norwegian Sea to the mountains bordering Sweden . West of the Trondheimsfjord lays Fosen . Nord-Trøndelag borders Sør-Trøndelag to the south and Nordland to the north . The western part of the county has several large valleys and consists largely of unpopulated wilderness , including four national parks . Snåsavatnet is the largest lake , while major rivers include Namsen , Verdalselva and Stjørdalselva . Innherred was an important area during the Viking Age and featured the Battle of Stiklestad . The county was created in 1804 and was known as `` Nordre Trondhjems amt '' until 1919 . Since the 1950s , the county has experienced a population growth below national levels . The axis north -- south through the country past Grong and along the west side of Trondheim Fjord is a main transport artery , including the European Route E6 and the Nordland Line . The regions was divided into two administrative counties in 1804 . In 2016 , the two county councils voted to merge into a single county in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3bfc2bf010d9a1b77ca7434acad9871", "text": "Military history of Norway The military history of Norway commences before the Viking age with the internal wars fought between regional kings to obtain the supreme kingship of the whole of Norway . The most famous period of Norwegian history and thus military history is the Viking age , but the early Middle Ages was the era when Norwegian military power in Europe reached its peak . Since then the Norwegian military has experienced long periods of neglect , but also rearmament and victories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ada9cfc02c7fdd960a6cb752b6f94e90", "text": "Norwegian Tax Administration The Norwegian Tax Administration ( Skatteetaten ) is a government agency responsible for resident registration and tax collection in Norway . The agency is subordinate to the Ministry of Finance and is based at Helsfyr in Oslo . It is organized in five regional organizations , based in Oslo , Skien , Bergen , Trondheim and Tromsø , in addition to local tax offices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41eb7b396d2eef39213aa643a8acd51", "text": "Nordic Innovation Nordic Innovation is an institution that works to promote cross-border trade and innovation between the Nordic countries . Among the institution 's goas are removng barriers and building relations through Nordic cooperation . Nordic Innovation works under the auspices of the Nordic Council of Ministers , and is located in Oslo . The institution is seen as a key player in implementing the Nordic trade , industry and innovation partnership programme.Nordic Innovation has an ambition to establish the Nordic countries as a world-leading region for innovation and sustainable growth . Nordic Innovation works with both private and public stakeholders , and has projects and partners in all the Nordic countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a68db5095c6c203249f53e1f15afbd9e", "text": "Culture of Norway The culture of Norway is closely linked to the country 's history and geography . The unique Norwegian farm culture , sustained to this day , has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws . In the 14th century , it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement , which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media . In the 19th century , Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature , art and music . This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions , cultural projects and artwork .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63fe83bf24fbe0e66d909c46b83909c", "text": "Northern North Sea basin The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe . It is located between Norway and Denmark in the east , Scotland and England in the west , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium and France in the south . The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels , trenches , and ridges today and the geological history , plate tectonics , geological events that created them . A geological basin is a large low-lying area or depression . It is often below sea level . Depressions are typically formed by tectonic processes acting on the lithosphere , providing `` accommodation space '' for sediment to be preserved . Basins are formed in a variety of tectonic settings : extensional , compressional , strike-slip and intraplate . Geological basins are one of the most common places which collect sediment . The type of rocks which form there tell about the palaeoclimate of the continent . The geology is of interest to oil prospectors , hydrologists and palaeontologists . Exploration in the North Sea was initiated in May 1964 when the first well was spudded and the area has now become one of the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces in the world . Total recoverable reserves found to date , including adjacent land areas , amount to over 100 billion barrels of oil and natural gas . Geologically speaking , the North Sea is divided into four main basins : Northern , Moray Firth , Central , and Southern . Each has a long and complex geologic history with unique structural and stratigraphic developments driven by tectonic events over the last 400 Million years . The northern North Sea Paleorift system , including the Viking and Sogn graben , is an approximately 150-200 km wide zone of extended upper crust with preserved strata from pre-Triassic to Tertiary . It is bounded by the Shetland Platform to the west and the Norwegian mainland to the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3af6c05852be19d3586e1c0481c4d90", "text": "Nordic Council The Nordic Council is a geo-political inter-parliamentary forum for co-operation between the Nordic countries . It was formed after the Second World War in 1952 to promote co-operation between the five Nordic countries . Its first concrete result was the introduction in 1952 of a common labour market and free movement across borders without passports for the countries ' citizens . The Council consists of 87 representatives from Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway and Sweden as well as the autonomous areas of the Faroe Islands , Greenland and the Åland Islands . The representatives are members of parliament in their respective country/area and are elected by those parliaments . The Council holds ordinary sessions each year in October/November and usually one extra session per year with a specific theme . Since 1991 Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania participate with observer status , as well as the German state of Schleswig-Holstein since 2016 . In 1971 , the Nordic Council of Ministers , an intergovernmental forum , was established to complement the Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff9485d635a62c3664af9e75f2ef30e", "text": "Emergency medical services in Norway Emergency medical services in Norway are operated both by the government ( financed through the four Service Delivery Regions , each with its own regional health authority ) and private organizations such as the Norwegian People 's Aid and Red Cross and commercial transportation companies . In most circumstances , emergency ambulance service is organized by a local Health Trust , and may be operated directly , or contracted to private providers , such as national transportation companies , for which ambulances are just a part of their business operations . Private organisations are also used frequently by the police in search & rescue operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ecece62ce89cf908621e7b8699d2838", "text": "Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norway) The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment ( Norwegian : Klima - og miljødepartementet ) is a Norwegian ministry established on May 8 , 1972 . The Ministry of Climate and Environment has a particular responsibility for carrying out the climate and environmental policies of the Government . Before 2014 the name was `` Ministry of the Environment '' ( Norwegian : Miljøverndepartementet ) . It is led by the Minister of Climate and Environment , Vidar Helgesen ( Conservative Party ) . The department report to the legislature ( Stortinget ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e07f428260582bff4477b4e333a07427", "text": "List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway __ NOTOC __ This is a list of places in Norway having standing links to local communities in other countries . In most cases , the association , especially when formalised by local government , is known as `` town twinning '' ( though other terms , such as `` partner towns '' , `` sister cities '' , or `` friendship municipalities '' are sometimes used instead ) , and while most of the places included are towns , the list also comprises villages , cities , districts , counties , etc. with similar links .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4a390620efba2ceb283bef4023efd428", "text": "Charles Mackay (author) Charles Mackay ( 27 March 1814 -- 24 December 1889 ) was a Scottish poet , journalist , author , anthologist , novelist , and songwriter , remembered mainly for his book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a61f9f48c7d75fdf648a8a27c84895c", "text": "Colin Mackay Colin Mackay may refer to : Colin Mackay ( writer ) ( 1951 -- 2003 ) , poet and novelist Colin Mackay ( jounalist ) , Scottish journalist ( Holyrood Editor , STV News ) Colin Mackay ( judge ) ( born 1943 ) , British judge Colin B. Mackay ( 1920 -- 2003 ) , president of the University of New Brunswick , 1953 -- 1969", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4857e4248f9b9bf52248c8334f77de8e", "text": "Margaret Murray Robertson Margaret Murray Robertson ( 22 April 1823 -- 14 February 1897 ) was a Scottish-Canadian teacher and writer . Margaret was born in Stuartfield , Scotland , the daughter of Reverend James Robertson and Elizabeth Murray . She had a sister Mary and brothers John , Joseph , and Andrew . In 1832 her mother died , whereupon the devout family emigrated to Derby , Vermont . Four years later they moved to Sherbrooke in Quebec . Both Mary and Margaret attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in Massachusetts . Afterward , they became instructors at the Sherbrooke Ladies ' Academy , where Margaret remained until 1865 . In 1864 she won the Galt Prize essay competition with an essay titled `` An Essay on Common School Education . '' At the age of 42 , Margaret now left her teaching career to become a full-time writer . Her first novel , Christie Redfern 's Troubles , was published in 1866 . During her writing career , she had 14 or more novels published up through 1890 . Most of the protagonists in her novels were female , and the themes were of home and family . She died in Montreal , unmarried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0b361385588c4f4a5d875c45828161", "text": "Taladh Chriosda Tàladh Chrìosda ( Christ 's lullaby ) is the popular name for the Scottish Gaelic Christmas carol Tàladh ar Slànaigheir ( the Lullaby of our Saviour ) . It is traditionally sung at Midnight Mass in the Outer Hebrides in Scotland . The 29 verses of the hymn date from the 19th century and are intended to represent a lullaby for the Christ Child by the Blessed Virgin . The words are recorded as being composed by Fr . Ranald Rankin of Fort William for the children of Moidart and were originally entitled Tàladh ar Slànuighear ( the Lullaby of our Saviour ) and sung to a tune called Cumha Mhic Àrois ( the Lament for Mac Àrois ) . The song was popularised among English speakers in the early 20th century by Marjory Kennedy-Fraser under the title The Christ-Child 's Lullaby . Donald MacLean 's Typographia Scoto-Gadelica ( 1915 ) p329 documents the existence of the first publication of this hymn as follows . RANKIN ( Rev. RONALD , R.C ) , THE SAVIOUR 'S LULLABY . 1855 . `` Taladh Ar Slanuighear . Air Fonn ` Cumha Mhic Arois ' '' and at the end `` Cuimhneachan do Chloinn Mhuideart bho Raonall Mac-Raing . An T-8mh Mios . 1855 . '' ' 12mo . 4 pp . These copies were circulated among the Parishioners on the emigration of the Author to Australia . The Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness Vol . XV ( 1988 -- 89 ) gives the following information concerning Fr . Rankin ( 1798/99 -1863 ) and the hymn . The following memento , or `` cuimhneachan , '' was written by the Rev. Ranald Rankin , C.C. , and given by him to the children of his congregation at Moidart , when he was parting with them for Australia , in 1855 . ... The Rev. Ranald Rankin ( W.D. ) , Australia , died in 1863 , aged 64 . The lyric appears as item 10 in Glasgow University Library 's Bàrd na Ceapaich manuscript where it is entitled Taladh ar Slanuighir ( Cuimhneachan do Chloinn Mhuideart ) which can be translated as Our Saviour 's Lullaby ( Memento to the Children of Moidart ) . The same manuscript again gives the same title for the tune as Cumha Mhic Arois ( lament for Mac Àrois ) and supplies the same information regarding the author of the lyric and , presumably , date of publication -- An t-Urramach Raonall Mac Raing . An t-8mh Mios , 1855 ( Fr . Ronald Rankin , August 1855 ) . Fr . Rankin was documented by the succeeding parish priest , Fr . Hugh Chisholm , as serving in the parish of Moidart between 1838 and 25 July 1855 . It is therefore possible that the hymn was composed before the latter date . He sailed from Scotland on the James Baines to Australia and , in 1857 , he was made parish priest of St Michael 's Little River , near Geelong , Victoria . He died there in 1863 . `` Mac Fir Àrois '' ( the son of the Man of Aros ) -- i.e. , an heir of Aros in the isle of Mull in Scotland -- is traditionally held to have drowned in Loch Friosa ( Loch Frisa ) in Mull . The Rev. John Gregorson Campbell , in his Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland , pp205 -- 206 , states the following . The heir of Aros , a young man of great personal activity , and , it is said , of dissolute manners , having an opinion of himself that there was no horse he could not ride , was taken by a Water-horse into Loch Frisa , a small lake about a mile in length in the north-west of Mull and devoured . This occurred between his espousal and marriage , and the Lament composed by his intended bride is still and deservedly a popular song in Mull . There seems to be this much truth in the story , that the young man was dragged into Loch Frisa by a mare which he was attempting to subdue and drowned . It would appear from the song that his body was recovered . However , ` Mhic Àrois ' appears to be a garbling of a term like ` mac Fir Àrasaig ' ( son of the Man of Arisaig ) . The medieval title ` Fear Àrasaig ( Man of Arisaig ) belonged to the Mackintosh clan . In p168 of An Gaidheal Vol II ( 1873 ) , Donald C MacPherson wrote the words for what he titled ` Cumha Mhic a Arois . No Cumha Mhic-an-Tòisich . ' ( the Lament for the Son of a-Arois . Or the Lament for Mackintosh . ) The lyric he provides is a variant of the lyric for Cumha Mhic an Tòisich but contains a line ` Dheagh mhic a Arois ' ( Good son of a-Arois ) . The tune of Tàladh ar Slànaigheir bears similarities to the group of songs related to the pipe lament Cumha Mhic an Tòisich ( Mackintosh 's Lament ) , which has another alternative title of Cumha Mhic Rìgh Aro ( Lament for the Son of the King of Aro ) . However , these similarities are only in general melodic structure and poetic metre , but not in musical mode or scale . It is therefore possible that the tune used in the Outer Hebrides for Tàladh ar Slànaigheir is a substitute related melody . In the article The Sources of the Gaelic Hymnal 1893 in The Innes Review Vol . VII ( 1956 ) at p108 , John Lorne Campbell states the following concerning the melody of Tàladh ar Slànaigheir , which has survived only in the Outer Hebrides.The tune is said to be `` Cumha Mhic Arois '' in all these early printed sources , but the hymn is now sung to an air which appears to be derived from the chorus of an old waulking song.In p155 of Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist ( 1986 ) , the waulking song concerned is identified by Margaret Fay Shaw as An cuala sibh mar dh ' éirich dhòmhs ' . Recordings exist of two versions of the tune for this . The variants of the tune of Tàladh ar Slànaigheir differ in mode from each other in a similar fashion to variants of the song Chaidh mo Dhunnchadh dhan Bheinn '' ( my Duncan went to the hill ) . In the case of both songs , the major third of the scale is weakened in one melodic variant and strengthened in another .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b026c43e3db4be3413507ddb66adb34", "text": "Caroline Caddy Caroline Mavis Caddy ( born 20 January 1944 ) is an Australian poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4b8bf4fcce32b7820c299807f2b507b", "text": "List of works by John Buchan John Buchan , 1st Baron Tweedsmuir ( 1875 -- 1940 ) was a Scottish novelist , historian , biographer and editor . Outside the field of literature he was , at various times , a barrister , a publisher , a lieutenant colonel in the Intelligence Corps , the Director of Information -- reporting directly to prime minister David Lloyd George -- during the First World War and a Unionist MP who served as Governor General of Canada , the 15th since Canadian Confederation . Born in Perth , Scotland , Buchan was admitted to the University of Glasgow in 1892 to study classics ; during his first year at university he edited the works of Francis Bacon , which were published in 1894 . The following year he was awarded a scholarship to Brasenose College , Oxford ; shortly after his arrival he also published his first novel , Sir Quixote of the Moors , which he dedicated to Gilbert Murray , his university tutor . By the time he left the university he had published five books , including Scholar-Gipsies , the first work of non-fiction he wrote . Much of Buchan 's non-fiction mirrored his circumstances : his time in South Africa resulted in The African Colony , the First World War led to a series of books about the war in general , and the Scottish and South African forces in particular . He interspersed his non-fiction with further novels , and also wrote ten biographies and four volumes of poetry , as well as numerous articles and stories for magazines and journals . During the war he wrote The Thirty-Nine Steps , the novel which has been adapted for film and television more than any of his other work , ( film versions in 1935 ; 1959 ; and 1978 , as well as a 2008 version for British television ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce17de4a3cb1ffebcf4ea8e83411c650", "text": "Makar A makar ( -LSB- pronaudio = Makar.oggˈmækər -RSB- ) is a term from Scottish literature for a poet or bard , often thought of as a royal court poet . In literary history , the term The Makars is specifically used to refer to a number of poets of fifteenth and sixteenth century Scotland , in particular Robert Henryson , William Dunbar and Gavin Douglas , who wrote a diverse genre of works in Middle Scots in the period of the Northern Renaissance . The Makars have often been referred to by literary critics as Scots Chaucerians . In the more general application of the term which is current today the word can be applied to poets of the Scots revival in the 18th century , such as Allan Ramsay and Robert Fergusson . Since 2002 , the term `` makar '' has been revived as the name for a publicly funded poet , first in Edinburgh , followed by Glasgow , Stirling and Dundee , and in 2004 the position of The Scots Makar , in the sense of a Scottish poet laureate , was introduced by the Scottish Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1adb697ea9b3ca6160afd74f2f6d2d76", "text": "Nicolas-Germain Léonard Nicolas-Germain Léonard ( 16 March 1744 -- 26 January 1793 ) was a poet and one of Guadeloupe 's first writers . Léonard was born in Guadeloupe , but spent most of his life in France , travelling back and forth frequently . He first moved to France while young , receiving his education there , and was spurred to return later in life by the political situation in the French colonies during the period of the French Revolution . Slavery was an important issue in the colonies , and Léonard was white . He died in Nantes , aged 48 . His fairly conventional poetry is most interesting today for its `` astonishing evidence for the experience of living through revolutionary France during the months after the declaration of the republic and the trials against Louis XVI '' ( Gumbrecht , 213 ) . O lovely place ! O Happy Land ! O France , sanctuary of the fine arts ! I bewail the people whose fate distances them so far from you They will come , those Days of Darkness , Where the heavy Finger of Age Will cover the Images of my Spring With the Veil of Death . The French minister Chauvelin was interested in Léonard 's poetry and appointed him chargé d'affaires at Liege . There Léonard wrote `` Les lettres de deux amants habitants de Lyon '' ( 1783 ) , a popular romance that was translated into English and Italian . In 1787 , he published the fourth edition of his work in three volumes . His work would later attract literary critic Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ccbcc15106d7cfc09ecc2521a087ec5", "text": "Sweet Afton Sweet Afton is a lyrical poem describing the Afton Water in Ayrshire , Scotland . It was written by Robert Burns in 1791 and set to music by Jonathan E. Spilman in 1837 , under the title Flow gently , sweet Afton . Sweet Afton contains a lot of monosyllables , which contribute to a gentle , soothing rhythm . It can be seen as a hymn for peace . The poem is in the metre 11 - 11 - 11 - 11 , and is often sung to the tune of the popular Christmas carol Away in a Manger called Cradle Song . In the town of New Cumnock in East Ayrshire there is a bridge across Afton Water on the A76 upon which there is a plaque commemorating Robert Burns and this great poem . The Afton of New Cumnock gives its name to the Glen of Afton , which has connections with William Wallace , Robert the Bruce , Mary Queen of Scots ( 1568 ) , and Robert Burns . The Wallace seal attached to the Lubeck Letter of 1297 gives substance to the theory that Wallace 's father was from Kyle Regis ( this area ) and a rock formation `` up the glen '' is named Castle William , supposedly after the Scottish patriot 's fortification .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "305585faf1b12c6567213413321f3e29", "text": "Canadian poetry Canadian poetry is poetry of or typical of Canada . The term encompasses poetry written in Canada or by Canadian people in other languages versus those written in Canadian languages . They are written in English , French , Gaelic and Aboriginal languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44a5cde11c29415bdb3dd2b942f5ca7e", "text": "Don Juan (Byron) Don Juan ( ; see below ) is a satiric poem by Lord Byron , based on the legend of Don Juan , which Byron reverses , portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women . It is a variation on the epic form . Byron himself called it an `` Epic Satire '' ( Don Juan , c. xiv , st. 99 ) . Byron completed 16 cantos , leaving an unfinished 17th canto before his death in 1824 . Byron claimed that he had no ideas in his mind as to what would happen in subsequent cantos as he wrote his work . When the first two cantos were published anonymously in 1819 , the poem was criticised for its `` immoral content '' , but it was also immensely popular .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42722f97036ceb90325a323628eee6af", "text": "Ian MacKaye Ian Thomas Garner MacKaye ( -LSB- məˈkaɪ -RSB- born April 16 , 1962 ) is an American singer , songwriter , guitarist , musician , record label owner and producer . Active since 1979 , MacKaye is best known as the co-founder and owner of Dischord Records , a Washington , D.C.-based independent record label and the frontman of the influential hardcore punk band Minor Threat and the post-hardcore band Fugazi . MacKaye was also the frontman for the short lived bands The Teen Idles , Embrace and Pailhead , a collaboration with the band Ministry . MacKaye is a member of The Evens , a two-piece indie rock group he formed with his wife Amy Farina in 2001 . Along with his seminal band Minor Threat , he is credited with coining the term `` straight edge '' to describe a personal ideology that promotes independence by countering the popular appeal of drug and alcohol abuse , though MacKaye has stated that he did not intend to turn it into a movement . A key figure in the development of hardcore punk and an independent-minded , do-it-yourself punk ethic , MacKaye has produced releases by Q and Not U , John Frusciante , 7 Seconds , Nation of Ulysses , Bikini Kill , Rites of Spring , Dag Nasty and Rollins Band , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85317023f8b790a3759d9a870083bb16", "text": "C. J. Dennis Clarence Michael James Stanislaus Dennis , better known as C. J. Dennis , ( 7 September 1876 -- 22 June 1938 ) was an Australian poet known for his humorous poems , especially `` The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke '' , published in the early 20th century . Though Dennis 's work is less well known today , his 1916 publication of The Sentimental Bloke sold 65,000 copies in its first year , and by 1917 he was the most prosperous poet in Australian history . Together with Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson , both of whom he collaborated with , he is often considered among Australia 's three most famous poets . When he died at the age of 61 , the Prime Minister of Australia Joseph Lyons suggested he was destined to be remembered as the `` Australian Robert Burns '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f70659471b2ccce5f8dbea205611e98", "text": "Dickens' Women Dickens ' Women is a one person show written by Miriam Margolyes and Sonia Fraser and starring Margolyes . The play includes 23 different characters ( male and female ) based on or inspired by characters in Charles Dickens ' novels . The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that the `` elegantly crafted production puts the focus on the storyteller '' ( Dickens ) , highlighting his `` obsession with youthful beauty and his baffling relationships with his sisters-in-law '' . The Age noted that it `` combines character sketches , short readings , biographical material and mordant commentary '' . The show was developed in 1989 for the Edinburgh Festival , and Margolyes has taken it on tour worldwide , including a 2007 tour to Australia and New Zealand . Margolyes was nominated for an Olivier Award in 1992 for her original West End season of the show . Dickens ' Women was taken on a world tour in 2012 as part of the 200th anniversary celebrations of Dickens ' birth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb60dc2dd4b3c88861de1edb64eb3af", "text": "Cavalier poet The cavalier poets was a school of English poets of the 17th century , that came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War . Charles , a connoisseur of the fine arts , supported poets who created the art he craved . These poets in turn grouped themselves with the King and his service , thus becoming Cavalier Poets . A cavalier was traditionally a mounted soldier or knight , but when the term was applied to those who supported Charles it was meant to portray them as roistering gallants . The term was thus meant to belittle and insult . However , it became the term applied to those who supported Charles . They were separate in their lifestyle and divided on religion from the Roundheads , who supported Parliament , consisting often of Puritans ( either Presbyterians or Independents ) . The best known of the cavalier poets are Robert Herrick , Richard Lovelace , Thomas Carew , and Sir John Suckling . Most of the cavalier poets were courtiers , with notable exceptions . For example , Robert Herrick was not a courtier , but his style marks him as a cavalier poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abf745aec01ecd1a43edafddb93f0b64", "text": "George Scott-Moncrieff George Scott-Moncrieff ( 1910 , Edinburgh -- 1974 , Peeblesshire ) was a Scottish novelist , playwright , poet , journalist , editor , and author of several well-known books on Scotland . George Scott-Moncrieff , a nephew of the famous translator C. K. Scott Moncrieff , was educated at Edinburgh Academy and Aldenham School in Hertfordshire , England . His first novel Café Bar was published in 1932 . He married his first wife Ann Shearer in 1936 , having met her in London where they both worked as journalists . Under her influence he converted from Episcopalianism to Catholicism . He lived with his first wife in Breakacky near Kingussie , then Dalwhinnie , and finally Edinburgh . After her death at the age of 29 , he moved to the Isle of Eigg in 1945 and lived there a hermit-like existence in a simple cottage for about five years . His novel Death 's Bright Shadow ( 1948 ) is a fictional account of his grief . He moved back to Edinburgh in 1951 and eventually married Eileen née Ward , only daughter of the American illustrator Keith Ward . Upon his death he was survived by Eileen and seven children from the two marriages . The defense of tradition runs through all of Scott-Moncrieff 's writings -- his books about Scottish architecture and Scottish religions , his plays , his novels , his poems , his short history of the Catholic faith in Scotland , his many book reviews , his moving little volume of religious meditations . He coined the term `` Balmorality '' to describe the cultural manifestations of Scotland 's accommodation with the British Empire . In 1951 , he wrote Living Traditions of Scotland , a booklet published on behalf of the Council of Industrial Design Scottish Committee to accompany the Living Traditions exhibition of architecture and crafts held in Edinburgh as part of the Festival of Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57e1eda02a2e28cdb119be3eaa386096", "text": "William Sharp (writer) William Sharp ( 12 September 1855 -- 12 December 1905 ) was a Scottish writer , of poetry and literary biography in particular , who from 1893 wrote also as Fiona Macleod , a pseudonym kept almost secret during his lifetime . He was also an editor of the poetry of Ossian , Walter Scott , Matthew Arnold , Algernon Charles Swinburne and Eugene Lee-Hamilton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd32d61c1bf739682f43e50b202bdb27", "text": "Jock Scot John Graham Manson Leslie ( 21 September 1952 -- 13 April 2016 ) , known as Jock Scot , was a Scottish poet and recording artist . Born in Leith , one of seven children , he was raised on a tough housing estate in Musselburgh , where he was nicknamed `` Pooch '' Leslie because of his small size . He sold soft drinks locally and worked as a labourer on building sites , until , in 1978 , he threw his tam o'shanter on to the stage at an Ian Dury concert in Edinburgh , and was invited backstage . Dury invited him to join his tour party , ending up in London where he moved in with Dury and Clash associate and publicity officer Kosmo Vinyl . He worked for Stiff Records and later Charisma Records , and befriended many of the luminaries of the London punk rock scene , including the members of the Clash , Shane MacGowan , Billy Bragg , and Vivian Stanshall ( formerly of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band ) . Described as a `` supplier of good vibes '' to his friends , he began going on stage as a warm-up act for bands , reciting his poems . He regularly performed at the Edinburgh Fringe , toured with the band Rip Rig + Panic , and published a book of verse , Where Is My Heroine ? , in 1993 . The book drew on his earlier experience of heroin addiction in Scotland . In 1997 he recorded an album , My Personal Culloden , made with Davy Henderson of the band The Nectarine No. 9 , and described at Allmusic as `` a rich , fascinating travelogue through Scot 's id , ego , history , and city , all delivered in his robust musical brogue against a backdrop of experimental rock pastiches and grooves . '' The album was reissued on CD in 2015 . According to his obituary in The Daily Telegraph : `` He had startling presence , and a way of investing words with broad and deep meaning , and , with his interest in the Beat poets , horse racing and popular culture , straddled the worlds of London 's pub-land and the aristocratic demi-monde . '' He was diagnosed with cancer in 2014 , but refused chemotherapy and died in 2016 , aged 63 . Scot had a child with the actress Anna Chancellor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0555830a2118b10bdf83f76413cf3958", "text": "The Lady of the Lake (poem) The Lady of the Lake is a narrative poem by Sir Walter Scott , first published in 1810 . Set in the Trossachs region of Scotland , it is composed of six cantos , each of which concerns the action of a single day . The poem has three main plots : the contest among three men , Roderick Dhu , James Fitz-James , and Malcolm Graeme , to win the love of Ellen Douglas ; the feud and reconciliation of King James V of Scotland and James Douglas ; and a war between the lowland Scots ( led by James V ) and the highland clans ( led by Roderick Dhu of Clan Alpine ) . The poem was tremendously influential in the nineteenth century , and inspired the Highland Revival . By the late nineteenth century , however , the poem was much less popular . ( It continued , however , to be a standard reading in elementary schools until the early twentieth century . ) Its influence is indirect : Schubert 's Ellens Dritter Gesang ( later adapted to use the full lyrics of the Latin Ave Maria ) , Rossini 's La Donna del Lago ( 1819 ) , the Ku Klux Klan custom of cross burning , the last name of U.S. abolitionist Frederick Douglass , and the song `` Hail to the Chief '' , were all inspired by the poem . It shares its name with the Arthurian character , the Lady of the Lake . Other allusions to the legend are scant .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d9b6f3ed806ac36d1cbcc32e337e2879", "text": "Tiger Woods Eldrick Tont `` Tiger '' Woods ( born December 30 , 1975 ) is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time . He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years . Following an outstanding junior , college , and amateur career , Woods turned professional at the age of 20 , at the end of the summer in 1996 . By April 1997 he had already won his first major , the 1997 Masters . Woods won this tournament in a record-breaking performance , winning by 12 strokes while pocketing $ 486,000 . He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997 , after less than a year as a professional . Throughout the 2000s , Woods was the dominant force in golf ; from August 1999 to September 2004 ( 264 weeks ) and from June 2005 to October 2010 ( 281 weeks ) , Woods was the top-ranked men 's golfer in the world . From December 2009 to early April 2010 , Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his personal life after he admitted infidelity . Despite attempts at reconciliation , he and his wife Elin Nordegren eventually divorced . His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several women , through many worldwide media sources . This was followed by a loss of golf form , and his ranking gradually fell to a low of No. 58 in November 2011 . He ended a career-high winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011 . After winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational on March 25 , 2013 , he ascended to the No. 1 ranking once again , holding the top spot until May 2014 . Woods had back surgery in April 2014 and September 2015 and has struggled since to regain his dominant form . By March 29 , 2015 , Woods had fallen to # 104 , outside of the top 100 for the first time since 1996 . In May 2016 , Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career . Woods has broken numerous golf records . He has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer . He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times , the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times , and has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons . He has won 14 professional major golf championships , the second-highest of any player ( Jack Nicklaus leads with 18 ) , and 79 PGA Tour events , second all time behind Sam Snead , who had 82 wins . He has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer . He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam , and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on tour . Additionally , Woods is only the second golfer ( after Nicklaus ) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times . Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships , and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999 . Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only golfers to win both The Silver Medal and The Gold Medal at The Open Championship .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a4b7e5fb62028dbbf3fd57e8c6574f9", "text": "1922 PGA Championship The 1922 PGA Championship was the fifth PGA Championship , held August 14 -- 18 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont , Pennsylvania , a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh . The match play field of 64 competitors qualified by sectional tournaments . This was the first PGA Championship with a field of 64 in the bracket ; the previous four had fields of 32 players . In the Friday final , Gene Sarazen defeated Emmet French , 4 & 3 . Sarazen , age 20 , also won the U.S. Open a month earlier near Chicago . Defending champion Walter Hagen did not enter this year due to exhibition engagements ; the two champions met the following year in the finals , won by Sarazen . This was the first of eleven major championships at Oakmont ; three PGA Championships and eight U.S. Opens through 2013 . It has hosted the U.S. Amateur five times and the U.S. Women 's Open twice . The PGA Championship returned in 1951 and 1978 . Sarazen was the first of four players in history to win the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was followed by Ben Hogan in 1948 and Jack Nicklaus in 1980 . Through 2012 , Tiger Woods is the last to win both , in 2000 , part of his Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f085e2b4b700c8acf58d4249fcbf647", "text": "1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18 -- 20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . The competition ended in a draw at 16 points each , when America 's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot ( 0.9 m ) putt to Britain 's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole , in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport . It was the first draw in Ryder Cup history , and the United States team retained the Cup . The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides . Britain 's captain Eric Brown had instructed his players not to search for the opposition 's ball if it ended up in the rough . American Ken Still , in the first-day foursomes , had deliberately and regularly stood too close to Briton Maurice Bembridge as he was putting . During one of the fourballs on the second day , both captains had to come out and calm down the warring players . This led to Nicklaus conceding Jacklin 's final putt with the knowledge that the overall competition would end in a draw . On the previous hole , Jacklin sank a long eagle putt while Nicklaus missed his from 15 ft and the match was squared . Jacklin had won the Open Championship two months earlier at nearby Royal Lytham & St Annes to become the first British champion in eighteen years . After holing his final putt for par , Nicklaus picked up Jacklin 's ball marker and told him , `` I do n't think you would have missed it , but I was n't going to give you the chance , either . '' Playing in his first Ryder Cup at age 29 , Nicklaus ' gesture became known as `` the concession '' and marked the beginning of a lasting friendship between the two that has spanned nearly a half century . It was the inspiration for The Concession Golf Club in Florida near Sarasota , which was co-designed by Nicklaus and Jacklin . The two were opposing captains in the competition in 1983 and 1987 . The U.S. team had only two players with previous Ryder Cup experience , Billy Casper and Gene Littler . On the previous four teams , Arnold Palmer did not participate in 1969 , but returned in 1971 and 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d78064db1cda24baeb2b212ecd28dc", "text": "1980 Masters Tournament The 1980 Masters Tournament was the 44th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros , age 23 , won his first Masters and second major championship title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Newton and Gibby Gilbert . Ballesteros had a seven stroke lead after 54 holes and extended it to ten strokes after the front nine of the final round at 16-under-par , eyeing the Masters record of 271 ( − 17 ) set by Jack Nicklaus in 1965 ( and equaled by Raymond Floyd in 1976 ) . A new record ( of 270 or lower ) was to be rewarded with a $ 50,000 bonus from Golf magazine . An hour later , after he found the water at 12 and 13 at Amen Corner , the lead had been reduced to three . Ballesteros regrouped with a birdie at 15 and parred the rest to shoot even-par 72 for the round and held on for the victory . Well back in the field on Sunday , Nicklaus , age 40 , was paired with Arnold Palmer , age 50 , which drew large galleries . Palmer shot 69 to finish at even par and T24 , Nicklaus had 73 to finish at 291 ( +3 ) and T33 . It was their first pairing at Augusta in five years and the first time Palmer had finished higher than Nicklaus there since 1967 . Nicklaus regrouped and won two majors in 1980 , the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship and was the runner-up the following April . Ballesteros , of Spain , was the first winner of the Masters from Europe , and won a second green jacket in 1983 . This was the final Masters with Bermuda and ryegrass greens , which were replaced with bentgrass following this tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd8ab15816ec4a19a69fa61b5f2e869", "text": "1957 Masters Tournament The 1957 Masters Tournament was the 21st Masters Tournament , held April 4 -- 7 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . This was the first Masters played with a 36-hole cut . A field of 101 players started in the tournament , and 40 of them made the cut at 150 ( +6 ) . Doug Ford won his only Masters , three strokes ahead of runner-up Sam Snead , a three-time champion . Snead was the third round leader , but could only shoot even-par in a round that included six birdies and six bogeys . Ford was three strokes back after 54 holes , but was bogey-free on Sunday . On the final hole , Ford holed out from the bunker for birdie for his 66 ( -- 6 ) . This was Ford 's second and final major title ; he also won the 1955 PGA Championship . This year was the Masters debut of Gary Player , 21 , and he finished tied for 24th . He won three Masters , in 1961 , 1974 , and 1978 . Five-time British Open winner Peter Thomson finished fifth , his best career finish in the Masters . Two-time champion Ben Hogan had finished in the top ten in the last fourteen Masters that he had entered , but had 32 putts on Friday and missed the event 's first-ever cut by a stroke . It was the only cut he missed at Augusta ; in nine more Masters he had three top ten finishes , including his final appearance at age 54 in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fdf485d10446e23e5704e95029ecba", "text": "2013 Masters Tournament The 2013 Masters Tournament was the 77th edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf 's four major championships to be held in 2013 . It was held from April 11 -- 14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Adam Scott won the tournament on the second hole of a sudden death playoff against Ángel Cabrera . It was Scott 's first major championship and the first time an Australian won the Masters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8580c461dcdf329c74bd319e903ef5", "text": "Tiger Woods PGA Tour 06 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 06 is a golf video game in the PGA Tour series available for PlayStation Portable , PlayStation 2 , Xbox , Xbox 360 , GameCube , Mobile phones , and PC . The game features several types of play , including the development of golfers in a simulated PGA Tour environment . Among other things , the game also features a set of famous courses and players . Also it includes the Stroke Play , Match Play , and Skins Play among other numerous methods of play . It also includes the Four Ball , Best Ball , and Stableford modes of play . By being able to customize golfers and advancing that character through several stages ( from amateur to pro ) the game allows a high level of identification with the character . The virtual ego can be equipped with various pieces of equipment and styled according to the wishes of the player . The custom outfits are licensed and include several brands which are commonly present in professional golf , among others : Nike , Adidas , Callaway , Ping , Taylormade etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ef9820a1da580907ec7d00b2a37623", "text": "Golf course A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played . It comprises a series of holes , each consisting of a teeing ground , a fairway , the rough and other hazards , and a green with a flagstick ( `` pin '' ) and hole ( `` cup '' ) . A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes . Most courses contain 18 holes ; some share fairways or greens , and a subset has nine holes , played twice per round . Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes . Many older courses are links , often coastal . Courses are private , public , and municipally owned , and typically feature a pro shop . Many private courses are found at country clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d31798c4ebb1518fb61399d33ce55bb2", "text": "1940 Masters Tournament The 1940 Masters Tournament was the seventh Masters Tournament , held April 4 -- 7 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Jimmy Demaret won the first of his three Masters titles , four strokes ahead of runner-up Lloyd Mangrum , the largest margin of victory until 1948 . The purse was $ 5,000 and the winner 's share was $ 1,500 . Mangrum shot an opening round 64 ( − 8 ) , a new course record by two strokes , and it stood for 46 years , until Nick Price 's 63 in 1986 , later equaled by Greg Norman in 1996 . Although all three of these players won major titles , none won a Masters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e8b5b247e77d1092f254fa65780408", "text": "1983 Masters Tournament The 1983 Masters Tournament was the 47th Masters Tournament , held April 7 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros won his second Masters and third major title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw and Tom Kite . Play on Friday was postponed due to heavy rain , and the final round was completed on Monday for the first time since 1973 . Defending champion Craig Stadler was tied for the 54-hole lead with 1976 champion Raymond Floyd , with Ballesteros one stroke back , and two-time champion Tom Watson an additional stroke behind . Ballesteros got off to a fast start in the final round on Monday with a birdie-eagle start . With another birdie at the difficult par-3 fourth , he added four pars and another birdie at the ninth for a five-under 31 on the front nine . Ballesteros cruised to a 69 ( − 3 ) and a comfortable win as neither Stadler , Floyd , nor Watson broke par . During the postponement of Friday 's round , the possibility was raised that the tournament would not complete the entire 72 holes , as the southeastern U.S. was experiencing heavy rains and flooding and forecasts were not favorable . Saturday 's second round went off from split tees ( 1st and 10th ) and six players did not complete their rounds until early Sunday morning . With this extension , the tournament committee did not attempt to complete the final two rounds on Sunday , opting for the third round only on Sunday and the fourth on Monday . Four-time champion Arnold Palmer , 53 , opened with a 68 on Thursday and made the cut at the Masters for the final time . In his 29th Masters , he stated that the conditions on Saturday were the worst he had ever seen at Augusta . Five-time winner Jack Nicklaus , 43 , withdrew before his second round start time due to back spasms experienced while warming up Saturday morning . It was only his second withdrawal as a pro , the first was three years earlier at the 1980 World Series of Golf . Nicklaus had missed only one cut in the previous 23 Masters and made ten consecutive after this year , including his record sixth green jacket in 1986 . It was the final major championship for Sam Snead , 70 , a three-time Masters champion . He withdrew after a first round 79 as he assessed he could not make the cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa86c234714f047fc17c76b03e1bc69c", "text": "1997 World Cup of Golf The 1997 World Cup of Golf took place 20 -- 23 November at the Kiawah Island Golf Resort , Ocean Course in Kiawah Island , South Carolina , U.S. . It was the 43rd World Cup . The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event ( 32 teams ) with each team consisting of two players from a country . The combined score of each team determined the team results . Individuals also competed for the International Trophy . The prize money totaled $ 1,500,000 with $ 400,000 going to the winning pair and $ 100,000 to the top individual . The Irish team of Pádraig Harrington and Paul McGinley won by five strokes over the Scottish team of Colin Montgomerie and Raymond Russell . Colin Montgomerie took the International Trophy by two strokes over Alex Čejka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701437c8b773d3eb8743c0b1cb470c34", "text": "Ben Hogan William Ben Hogan ( August 13 , 1912 -- July 25 , 1997 ) was an American professional golfer , generally considered one of the greatest players in the history of the game . Born within six months of two other acknowledged golf greats of the 20th century , Sam Snead and Byron Nelson , Hogan is notable for his profound influence on golf swing theory and his legendary ball-striking ability . His nine career professional major championships tie him with Gary Player for fourth all-time , trailing only Jack Nicklaus ( 18 ) , Tiger Woods ( 14 ) and Walter Hagen ( 11 ) . He is one of only five golfers to have won all four major championships currently open to professionals ( the Masters Tournament , The Open ( despite only playing once ) , the U.S. Open , and the PGA Championship ) . The other four are Nicklaus , Woods , Player , and Gene Sarazen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca43bc4366e790768e296584b0ce06d", "text": "BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name . The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour . It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner . The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships . In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d42b1fcb571e76688356fe837e5e81a4", "text": "Official World Golf Ranking The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of male professional golfers ( although there is no rule prohibiting women from being ranked ) . It was introduced in 1986 and is endorsed by the four major championships and six major professional tours , five of which are charter members of the International Federation of PGA Tours : PGA Tour European Tour Asian Tour ( not a charter member of the Federation ) PGA Tour of Australasia Japan Golf Tour Sunshine Tour Points are also awarded for high finishes on other tours : Web.com Tour , the official developmental tour for the PGA Tour Challenge Tour , the official developmental tour for the European Tour PGA Tour Canada , which became a full member of the Federation in 2009 under its former name of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour OneAsia Tour , not a member of the Federation , but a joint venture between two charter members and two other tours that became full members in 2009 Korean Tour , from 2011 PGA Tour Latinoamérica , from 2012 Asian Development Tour , the official developmental tour for the Asian Tour , from 2013 PGA Tour China , from 2014 Alps Tour , from July 2015 Nordic Golf League , from July 2015 PGA EuroPro Tour , from July 2015 ProGolf Tour , from July 2015 MENA Golf Tour , from April 2016", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915449f4c47f3054a567445542fe8a15", "text": "1964 PGA Championship The 1964 PGA Championship was the 46th PGA Championship , played July 16 -- 19 at Columbus Country Club in Columbus , Ohio . Bobby Nichols won his only major title , three strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . Nichols led wire-to-wire after a first round 64 in the hometown of Nicklaus , who shot a 64 in the final round to gain his third runner-up finish in majors in 1964 . Ben Hogan , age 51 , competed at the PGA Championship for the first time since 1960 . Tied for fifth place after a third round 68 , he finished tied for ninth for his penultimate top ten in a major . His final top ten came at the 1967 Masters . Nichols ' winning score of 271 was the lowest to date at the PGA Championship , the seventh as a 72-hole stroke play championship . It stood as the record for thirty years , until Nick Price 's 269 in 1994 . The British Open was played the previous week in St Andrews , Scotland , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f2cfd7a771495ee858f9b1510df6736", "text": "1995 Masters Tournament The 1995 Masters Tournament was the 59th Masters Tournament , held April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won his second Masters championship , one stroke ahead of runner-up Davis Love III . It was an emotional victory for Crenshaw as it came just days after the death of his mentor , Harvey Penick . Crenshaw and Tom Kite attended the funeral in Texas on Wednesday and did not return to Augusta until that night , on the eve of the first round . The 1995 Masters marked the first major championship for Tiger Woods , who qualified as the 1994 U.S. Amateur champion . A 19-year-old college freshman at Stanford , he tied for 41st place and was the leading amateur , the only one to make the cut . Woods ' average driving distance was the longest in the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1343377157b963ffa3e36a51d9538190", "text": "2000 PGA Championship The 2000 PGA Championship was the 82nd PGA Championship , held August 17 -- 20 at the Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville , Kentucky . It was the second time for the event at Valhalla , which hosted four years earlier in 1996 . Tiger Woods won his second straight PGA Championship and fifth major in a three-hole playoff over Bob May . Woods and May finished at 18 under par to set the PGA Championship record to par , later equaled by Woods in 2006 . It was the first time since 1937 that a PGA Championship title was successfully defended , and the first ever as a stroke play event . Woods and May were five shots ahead of third-place finisher Thomas Bjørn . Woods ' victory marked the first time since 1953 ( Ben Hogan ) that a player had won three major championships in the same calendar year ; Woods won the U.S. Open and the British Open in the previous two months for three consecutive majors . He won the Masters in April 2001 to complete the Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors . May opened with an even-par 72 then shot 66 ( − 6 ) in each of the final three rounds ; this was the only time he was in contention in a major championship . Designer of the course and five-time champion Jack Nicklaus , age 60 , made his final appearance at the PGA Championship . Playing with Woods , he needed an eagle on the 36th hole to make the cut ; his pitch shot missed by inches and he settled for birdie . Valhalla later hosted the Ryder Cup in 2008 , the first U.S. victory in nine years . The Senior PGA Championship was played at the course in 2004 and 2011 and the PGA Championship returned in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc681898069e5ff5530cd7ba8e59830", "text": "2000 U.S. Open (golf) The 2000 United States Open Championship was the 100th U.S. Open Championship , held June 15 -- 18 at Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach , California . Tiger Woods won his first U.S. Open by a record-setting fifteen strokes over runners-up Ernie Els and Miguel Ángel Jiménez -- it remains the most dominating performance and victory in any major championship . As the United States Golf Association wanted to begin the millennium with a memorable tournament , Pebble Beach was moved up two years in the rotation . Notable golfers going into the tournament at large included Jack Nicklaus , playing in his final U.S. Open , Vijay Singh , the year 's Masters winner , as well as Ernie Els , and David Duval . The defending champion , Payne Stewart , died in an aviation accident less than eight months earlier , in October 1999 . His death was commemorated many times throughout the week , starting with a group of players simultaneously teeing off from the 18th fairway into the Pacific in a twist on the 21-gun salute . Sergio García wore Stewart 's trademark navy plus fours in Stewart 's honor in the first round . Nicklaus was asked to take Stewart 's spot in the traditional grouping , for the first two rounds , of the prior year 's British Open winner ( Paul Lawrie ) , U.S. Amateur winner ( David Gossett ) , and U.S. Open winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "525b8c63e844eaede632d54321dbd239", "text": "Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , was held in August at the new Olympic Golf Course ( Campo Olímpico de Golfe ) , built within the Reserva de Marapendi in the Barra da Tijuca zone . The 2016 Summer Olympics was the first time for golf to be played at the Olympics since the 1904 Summer Olympics and featured two events , the men 's and women 's individual events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3999fbe74d5e4ae3ed3b52582043e15", "text": "1960 Open Championship The 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship , played 6 -- 9 July at the Old Course in St Andrews , Scotland . In the centenary year of the Open Championship , Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke ; this year marked the championship 's re-emergence as a major stop for American players . The total prize money was increased by forty percent , from # 5,000 to # 7,000 . The winner 's share was increased to # 1,250 with # 900 for second , # 700 for third , # 500 for fourth , # 400 for fifth , # 300 for sixth , # 250 for seventh , # 200 for eighth , # 150 for ninth , and # 130 for tenth . The next fifteen places each received # 60 with # 50 for next seven and then # 40 for the next eighteen . The # 50 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were was increased to # 50 . For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug . Qualifying took place on 4 -- 5 July , Monday and Tuesday , with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course . A maximum of 100 players could qualify . Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at 135 , and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified ; 28 players on 148 were not included . Dick Metz , who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July , was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify . Roberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle . In the third round , De Vicenzo 's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75 , allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead . Palmer , who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round , was four back after 54-holes . The final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course ; the first postponement in over fifty years . When play resumed the next day , Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34 . Still four-strokes behind , Palmer began another charge on the back . He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th , made a 4 on the 17th , then made birdie at the last . Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer 's birdie at 18 . He managed to collect himself and hole the putt , then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer . Already 39 at the time of his victory , this was Nagle 's first top ten finish in a major championship . Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament , he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open , losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff . Palmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open , and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan 's 1953 season with a third consecutive major . His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and , although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward , the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on . Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962 . The appearance of Palmer , already the most popular golfer in the world , proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship . Until the 1960s , few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship , with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament . Even Palmer , winner of the first two majors of the year , had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it . The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier , and only two made the cut . Ten years later , 24 Americans were in the field of 134 . For many years , the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S. , a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b070ac9fd5dc8de584a17857b876f5b3", "text": "Antarctica Antarctica ( UK English -LSB- ænˈtɑːktɪkə -RSB- or -LSB- ænˈtɑːtɪkə -RSB- , US English -LSB- æntˈɑːrktɪkə -RSB- ) is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14000000 km2 , it is the fifth-largest continent . For comparison , Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia . About 98 % of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Antarctica is a desert , with annual precipitation of only 200 mm ( 8 in ) along the coast and far less inland . The temperature in Antarctica has reached − 89.2 ° C ( − 128.6 ° F ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is − 63 ° C ( − 81 ° F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ( `` Southern Land '' ) date back to antiquity , Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered and colonised by humans , being only first sighted in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny , who sighted the Fimbul ice shelf . The continent , however , remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment , lack of easily accessible resources , and isolation . In 1895 , the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians . Antarctica is a de facto condominium , governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status . Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 , and thirty-eight have signed it since then . The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining , prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal , supports scientific research , and protects the continent 's ecozone . Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a39ce65d493cd6537d40a859410219d7", "text": "Antarctic ice sheet The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth . It covers about 98 % of the Antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on Earth . It covers an area of almost 14 e6km2 and contains 26.5 e6km3 of ice . Approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the Earth is held in the Antarctic ice sheet , an amount equivalent to about 58 m of sea-level rise . In East Antarctica , the ice sheet rests on a major land mass , but in West Antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2,500 m below sea level . Much of the land in this area would be seabed if the ice sheet were not there . In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice , sea ice around Antarctica was expanding . The reasons for this are not fully understood , but suggestions include the climatic effects on ocean and atmospheric circulation of the ozone hole , and/or cooler ocean surface temperatures as the warming deep waters melt the ice shelves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3601c9b50c35f3f91635db7b882dce5", "text": "Andean states The Andean States ( Estados Andinos ) are a group of nations in South America connected by the Andes mountain range . `` Andean States '' is sometimes used to refer to all seven countries that the Andes runs through , regions with a shared culture primarily spread during the times of the Inca Empire ( such as the Quechua language and Andean cuisine ) , or it can be used in a geopolitical sense to designate countries in the region that are members of the Andean Community trade group and have a local ( as opposed to European ) cultural orientation . The Andes extend through the western part of South America in following countries : ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State ) ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State ) When grouped as `` the Andean states '' , the emphasis is on the mountainous regions of these countries . For example , the Argentine pampas are not part of the Andean region , but western Argentina along with Chile is part of the Andean region , and has cultural continuities with its Andean neighbors . Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , Ecuador and Bolivia are part of the Andean Community ( a trade grouping ) , and each contains Amazon Rainforest and Amazonian indigenous people as well as Andean mountains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1ff67db10839eba0a434b9b27c40c73", "text": "Esperanza Base Esperanza base ( Base Esperanza , `` Hope Base '' ) is a permanent , all year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay , Trinity Peninsula ( Graham Land , Antarctic Peninsula ) . It is one of only two civilian settlements on Antarctica ( the other being the Chilean Villa Las Estrellas ) . The Base 's motto is `` Permanencia , un acto de sacrificio '' ( `` Permanence , an act of sacrifice '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f80e857fbb844efb95b37246c50da55b", "text": "Firefighting in Antarctica Firefighting in Antarctica encompasses various organizations and procedures designed to fight fires on the continent of Antarctica . Firefighting in Antarctica is complicated by the harsh conditions of the continent , the remoteness of the locations to be serviced , and the importance of protecting life-supporting shelter from immolation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbdcf1ca4319bf0b331c244a7ffb556", "text": "Antarctic Circumpolar Current The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica . An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift . The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport of 100-150 Sverdrups ( Sv , million m ³ / s ) , making it the largest ocean current . More recent research even puts this number at over 173 Sv . The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica , enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet . Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence , where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters of the subantarctic , creating a zone of upwelling nutrients . These nurture high levels of phytoplankton with associated copepods and krill , and resultant foodchains supporting fish , whales , seals , penguins , albatrosses and a wealth of other species . The ACC has been known to sailors for centuries ; it greatly speeds up any travel from west to east , but makes sailing extremely difficult from east to west ; though this is mostly due to the prevailing westerly winds . The circumstances preceding the mutiny on the Bounty and Jack London 's story `` Make Westing '' poignantly illustrated the difficulty it caused for mariners seeking to round Cape Horn on the clipper ship route between New York and California . The clipper route , which is the fastest sailing route around the world , follows the ACC around three continental capes -- Cape Agulhas ( Africa ) , South East Cape ( Australia ) and Cape Horn ( South America ) . The current creates the Ross and Weddell gyres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abcb36e786754fb73e74ce9eb9fc27c9", "text": "Marie Byrd Land Marie Byrd Land is the portion of West Antarctica lying east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean , extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast . It stretches between 158 ° W and 103 ° 24 ` W . The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon the leading role of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in the exploration of this area . The name was originally applied by Admiral Byrd in 1929 , in honor of his wife , to the northwestern part of the area , the part that was explored in that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed45444769d816f48eb7e47cfa0db47", "text": "Antarctica Marathon The Antarctica Marathon may have been the first for-profit sporting event held in Antarctica , on January 28 , 1995 . The event is now held every year in late February or early March . The 42.195 km race is held on King George Island , the largest of the South Shetland Islands just off the Antarctic Peninsula . There is also a half-marathon held at the same time . The start and finish is at Bellingshausen Station ( the Russian base ) , and the course passes the Artigas Base ( Uruguayan ) , the Frei Base ( Chilean ) and the Great Wall Base ( Chinese ) . The course follows a gravel road that connects the bases . The first marathon held in Antarctica may have been near the American research base , McMurdo Station , in January 1995 . The annual marathon is free and is open to employees and grantees of the United States Antarctic Program , United States Air Force personnel on duty at McMurdo Station , as well as Kiwis from New Zealand 's nearby research station , Scott Base . Many participants run the full marathon . However , a half marathon option is available . Some participants elect to ski the course . In January 2015 , McMurdo Station hosted possibly the first known Ultra Marathon over 30 miles on the continent . The South Pole has also witnessed runners braving conditions to complete a full 26.2 mile race . Both for-profit and free events have been held outside the Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station . The South Pole is possibly the first known location of an Ultra Marathon on the continent , when defining an Ultra as anything over 26.2 miles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3724c78296e78c0da8a5c5a44c47b9e9", "text": "Edith Fanta Edith Susana Elisabeth Fanta was a Brazilian Antarctic researcher , best known for her work on preserving and protecting Antarctica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35cd8d54184c47782ba0ed556ecb74a8", "text": "Haisla people The Haisla ( also Xa'islak ' ala , X̄a ' islakʼala , X̌àʼislakʼala , X̣aʼislak ' ala , Xai : sla ) are an indigenous people living at Kitamaat in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia . Their indigenous language is named after them in most English usage , though its actual name is X̄a ' islak̓ala . The name Haisla is derived from the Haisla word x̣àʼisla or x̣àʼisəla ' ( those ) living at the rivermouth , living downriver ' . Along with the neighbouring Wuikinuxv and Heiltsuk people , they were incorrectly known in the past as the Northern Kwakiutl . Kitimaat Village , the Haisla reserve , is a short 20 minute drive south of the town of Kitimat at the head of the Douglas Channel , a 90-km ( 56-mi ) fjord that serves as saltwater corridor that connects the community and the town and port of Kitimat , which is the site of the aluminum smelter of Alcan Incorporated , to the Pacific Ocean . Kitamaat is a Tsimshian name , applied by European explorers who asked their Tsimshian guides for the name of the place ; it means `` people of the snows '' or `` place of the snows '' . The Haisla name for Kitimaat is C'imo ` ca ( pronounced tsee-MOTE-sah ) which means `` snag beach . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80365236a929ff9aff331eee7fba9765", "text": "List of years in Antarctica", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73676c2344dee6a5bd72a24c90e8f050", "text": "Human migration Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling , permanently in the new location . The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another , but internal migration is also possible ; indeed , this is the dominant form globally . Migration may be individuals , family units or in large groups . Nomadic movements are normally not regarded as migrations as there is no intention to settle in the new place and because the movement is generally seasonal . Only a few nomadic people have retained this form of lifestyle in modern times . Also , the temporary movement of people for the purpose of travel , tourism , pilgrimages , or the commute is not regarded as migration , in the absence of an intention to live and settle in the visited places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af7a1d041b65aae6cb47291d5d8b2a7", "text": "Culture of Chile The culture of Chile reflects the relatively homogeneous population as well as the geographic isolation of the country in relation to the rest of South America . Since colonial times , the Chilean culture has been a mix of Spanish colonial elements with indigenous ( mostly Mapuche ) culture . The Huasos of Central Chile and their folk music and dance are central to Chilean folk culture . Even though the folk traditions the Central Chile are central to Chilean cultural and national identity , Chile is both geographically and culturally diverse with both the North and the South having their own folk music and dance due to different indigenous peoples and immigrant groups settling there . Additionally , while some regions of Chile have very strong indigenous heritage , such as Araucanía Region , Easter Island , and Arica y Parinacota Region , some regions lacks considerable indigenous communities and a few other regions have noteworthy non-Spanish European immigrant heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac8104785b55de726799b88a734dc53e", "text": "Flora Antarctica The Flora Antarctica or formally and correctly The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839 -- 1843 , under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross , is a description of the many plants discovered on the Ross expedition , which visited islands off the coast of the Antarctic continent , with a summary of the expedition itself , written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published in parts between 1844 and 1859 by Reeve Brothers in London . Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon . The botanical findings of the Ross expedition were published in four parts , the last two in two volumes each , making six volumes in all : Part I Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell 's Islands ( 1843 -- 45 ) Part II Flora of Fuegia , the Falklands , Kerguellen 's land , etc ( 1845 -- 47 ) Part III Flora of New Zealand ( 1851 -- 53 ) ( 2 vols ) Part IV Flora of Tasmania ( 1853 -- 59 ) ( 2 vols ) All were `` splendidly '' illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch . The larger part of the plant specimens collected during this expedition are now part of the Kew Herbarium . Although Hooker professed not to have changed his views on Darwin 's theory of evolution by natural selection , the Flora of Tasmania contains an introductory essay on biogeography written from a Darwinian point of view , making the book the first case study for the theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64963d59e9c1b6e29949f7c54841d49b", "text": "Cape Roberts Project Between 1997 and 1999 the international Cape Roberts Project ( CRP ) has recovered up to 1000 m long drill cores in the Ross Sea , Antarctica to reconstruct the glaciation history of Antarctica . Scientists from various institutes in seven countries have participated : Australia , Germany , United Kingdom , The Netherlands , Italy , New Zealand , and USA . After a seismic pre-site survey the area off Cape Roberts in the Ross Sea at the margin of the Transantarctic Mountains ( 77 ° S 163 ° 43 ` E ) was found to be suitable . Drilling was performed using a conventional core wireline system with a drill derrick , protected by a cover against the rough climate . Sea ice was 2 m thick with a water depth of 150 -- below . Four overlapping drill cores at three sites reflect in excellent quality the geological history and glaciation of the Antarctic during the last 34 million years . As a logistic and scientific basis the American McMurdo Station and Scott Base of New Zealand were used . Supply of the drill site was performed with motor sledges and snow mobiles , exchange of personal with helicopters . The costs for the logistics were around four Million US dollar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a2545fbb73f256c7f23cf7e694ae2e", "text": "Lists of places in Antarctica Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth . While Antarctica has never had a permanent human population , it has been explored by various groups , and many locations on and around the continent have been described . This page lists notable places in and immediately surrounding the Antarctic continent , including geographic features , bodies of water , and human settlements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dddc048e6d82f6d0463714a9fb2dac47", "text": "Centro de Estudios Científicos Centro de Estudios Científicos ( English : Center for Scientific Studies ) also known by its acronym CECS is a private , non-profit corporation based in Valdivia , Chile , devoted to the development , promotion and diffusion of scientific research . CECs research areas include biophysics , molecular physiology , theoretical physics , glaciology and climate change . The centre was created in 1984 as Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago with 150,000 dollars a year for each year of three from the Tinker Foundation of New York City . In 2004-2005 glaciologists from CECS organized the Chilean South Pole Expedition in collaboration with the Chilean Navy and Instituto Antártico Chileno . CECS was founded in Santiago but is since 2000 housed in the recently modernized , German-style Hotel Schuster located by Valdivia River . Claudio Bunster , a physicist and winner of Chile 's National Prize in Exact Sciences , is the Director of CECS . In 2014 CECs discovered what would be a subglacial lake in the West Antarctica , They investigated and concluded after a year that it is a lake , which was named Lake CECs in honor of the institution , was published in `` Geophysical Research Letters '' on May 22 , 2015 validating the discovery . The authors of the discovery are : Andrés Rivera , Jose Uribe , Rodrigo Zamora and Jonathan Oberreuter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a", "text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351b50fab3db049b590c6593497ac988", "text": "Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry . Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c6e346f37a655eadc56b51dcc64ecc", "text": "Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades . In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid . The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "edcd03321ac9e431856bd8649f5f9f41", "text": "Richard Burbage Richard Burbage ( 6 January 1567 -- 12 March 1619 ) is considered the first great actor of English theatre . He is one of the most famous actors of the Globe Theatre of his time . In addition to being a stage actor he was also a theatre owner , entrepreneur and painter . He was the younger brother of Cuthbert Burbage . They were both actors in drama . Burbage was a business associate and friend to William Shakespeare . The son of James Burbage , a joiner who became a theatrical impresario , and also founded the first theatre and was a famous theatrical entrepreneur . Burbage was a popular actor by his early 20s . He excelled in plays with the theme of tragedies . His early acting career is poorly documented . As many young actors of his time , he may have played the part of women in productions before taking any of the roles he is known for . It has been suggested that he spent time working with the Earl of Leicester 's company , but there is no good evidence for this . He was probably acting with the Admiral 's Men in 1590 , with Lord Strange 's Men in 1592 , and with the Earl of Pembroke 's Men in 1593 ; but most famously he was the star of William Shakespeare 's theatre company , the Lord Chamberlain 's Men which became the King 's Men on the ascension of James I in 1603 . He played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare 's plays , including Hamlet , Othello , Richard III , and King Lear . But he was in great demand and also appeared in the plays of many of the great contemporary writers , such as Ben Jonson ( the title role in Volpone , and Subtle in The Alchemist ) , John Marston ( The Malcontent ) , John Webster ( The Duchess of Malfi ) and Beaumont and Fletcher ( The Maid 's Tragedy ) . Burbage 's power and scope as an actor is revealed in the sheer size of the roles he played . He was a great box office draw . Of the hundreds of plays and thousands of roles for actors that date from the 1580 -- 1610 era , there are only twenty or so roles that are longer than 800 lines . Edward Alleyn was the first English actor to manage such roles , in Marlowe 's Tamburlaine and The Jew of Malta ; but the majority of these star roles , thirteen of the twenty , were acted by Burbage.He was said to be quite rich because he was earning income from being the primary housekeeping of two playhouses , a sharer in the King 's Men , a lead actor and a painter . His acting style is closely compared with the method that actors use today called method acting ; it would be another four centuries before this came into popularity . He was described as being short and stout , but said to be an impressive figure , with numerous praises written of him in contemporary accounts .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac8531965383b0771dcb4ed6b1e3b6e9", "text": "Richard Haydn Richard Haydn ( 10 March 1905 -- 25 April 1985 ) was an English comic actor in radio , films and television . Some of his better known performances include Ball of Fire ( 1941 ) as Professor Oddley , No Time for Love ( 1943 ) as Roger , And Then There Were None ( 1945 ) as Thomas Rogers , The Emperor Waltz ( 1948 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) as the Caterpillar , as Baron Popoff in The Merry Widow ( 1952 ) , and The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) as Maximilian `` Max '' Detweiler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5567173a807b24fd4f94103f55ec8c69", "text": "List of baritones in non-classical music The baritone voice is typically written in the range from the second G # below middle C to the G # above middle C ( G # 2-G # 4 ) although it can be extended at either end . However , the baritone voice is determined not only by its vocal range , but also by its timbre , which tends to be darker than that of the typical tenor voice . The term baritone was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices , where the classification is based not merely on the singer 's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice . For classical and operatic singers , their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization . In non-classical music , singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range . When the terms soprano , mezzo-soprano , contralto , tenor , baritone , and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices , they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer 's perceived vocal range . Successful non-classical baritones display a wide range of vocal qualities and effects that lend a unique character to their voices , many of which are considered undesirable in the operatic or classical baritone singer , such as `` breathy '' ( Jim Reeves ) , `` crooning '' ( Ville Valo ) , `` growling '' ( Neil Diamond ) , and even `` ragged '' ( Bruce Springsteen ) . The following is a list of singers in various music genres and styles ( most of which can be found on the List of popular music genres ) who have been described as baritones . Additionally , the bands that they have been lead singers of appear in parentheses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5e697eba1e8ec49a1169df9db30248", "text": "Eastern Cabaret Eastern Cabaret was a live variety programme series broadcast in 193839 on BBC Television . It was one of several spin-offs from the BBC series Cabaret . Three episodes were broadcast ; they were produced by Harry Pringle , and the first two were presented by Cyril Fletcher . The BBC television service was suspended on 1 September 1939 with the outbreak of World War II , and no further episodes were made . According to Radio Times ( 20 May 1938 ) , `` Harry Pringle , Reginald Smith 's officemate , is having a busy time preparing for his Eastern Cabaret , to be given next week on Monday , May 30 , and Saturday , June 4 . One of his difficulties was getting snakes without temperament and susceptible to the charms of native charmers . He went to five different agencies and gave auditions to thirty-two snakes , and even then failed to find a satisfactory performer '' . A later entry in Radio Times suggests that this may not have been entirely serious , saying that the background had been `` codded '' ( i.e. parodied ) by compere Cyril Fletcher . No episodes have survived.The show was broadcast live . Methods for recording live television did not exist until late 1947 , and were used very rarely by the BBC until around 195355 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57ed520d1fa0b3e975e9c635fb691b08", "text": "Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish . Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes . Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections ' The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2930b774569f209098f32a44f0fbd45", "text": "Mike Dorsey Mike Dorsey ( 1930 -- 24 October 2014 ) was an English-born Australian theatre and television actor . He was best known for his 1970s television soap opera roles of Reginald `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 , and Sir Clifford Langley in The Young Doctors Dorsey was born in Yorkshire , England . His acting career began in the late 1940s when he started acting with the Gate Theatre , Dublin , in bit parts . After three years in the army in the early 1950s Dorsey returned to acting , with several minor stage roles on the UK provincial theatre circuit . The scarcity of acting work led to a career change to the publicity business , and Dorsey subsequently did the publicity in London for such performers as Kenny Ball , Acker Bilk and The Yardbirds . He later did two tours with The Rolling Stones , one of which brought him to Australia where he decided to settle in 1965 . In Australia Dorsey 's career as an actor and performer quickly took off . Beginning in the mid-1960s he had several guest starring roles in Australian drama series including Riptide , Skippy the Bush Kangaroo , and many appearances in the various Crawford Productions police drama series . During this period he also played the ongoing role of Captain Roke in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation-Artransa Film science fiction children 's series Phoenix Five ( 1970 ) , was the straight man on Joe Martin 's show Tonight on Channel Ten , and had a brief role as a police detective in Number 96 in 1972 . Beginning in January 1974 Dorsey played the regular role of comedy character Reg `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 . An officious bureaucrat with the local council , buttoned-down Reg lived a regimented life and liked to speak in acronyms as a sort of verbal shorthand . He would frequently register his indignation with signature phrase `` Great Scott ! '' Along with wife Edie -- otherwise known as `` Mother '' or `` Mummy '' -- ( Wendy Blacklock ) and daughter Marilyn ( Frances Hargreaves ) the character became a hit with viewers . In late 1976 there were plans to spin off the characters of Mummy and Daddy into a new situation comedy series titled Mummy and Me and starring Dorsey and Blacklock , but the proposed series was not picked up by the network and the characters remained in Number 96 . Dorsey and Blacklock played in Number 96 continuously until it ended in August 1977 , surviving several drastic cast purges during the show 's closing months . After the series ended , Dorsey , like many of his former Number 96 co-stars , had a guest starring role in school-based drama Glenview High ( 1977 ) . In the late 1970s Dorsey and his main Number 96 co-star Wendy Blacklock created a stage show based on their Number 96 characters which toured clubs in New South Wales over a period of nearly two years . In 1978 -- 1979 Dorsey played an ongoing role on hospital-based soap opera The Young Doctors . He then took the regular role of Vic Marshall in Network Ten daily soap opera Arcade ( 1980 ) , a notorious critical and popular failure cancelled after being on air only six weeks . Dorsey subsequently ran a theatrical group . Dorsey more recently was cast in the role of ` Pop ' in the 2007-2009 children 's television series ` Lockie Leonard ' , filmed in Western Australia , in which he played the role of Lockie 's grandfather . He portrayed the role in the first and second series as a recurring character , but not actively as a main role . Mike married his lifelong partner , Pamela Borain , at their property in Baldivis on 18 April 2010 where they lived until he died peacefully at Rockingham General Hospital on Friday 24 October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039d839a0a64200cbf6c058d804a0010", "text": "Merlin (series 4) The fourth series of the British drama series Merlin began on 1 October 2011 with the episode `` The Darkest Hour - Part 1 '' . It consists of 13 episodes originally shown on Saturday evenings on BBC One and BBC One HD ( repeats shown on BBC Three ) . The series producer was Sara Hamill , and executive producers were Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy . The directors of the series include Alice Troughton , Alex Pillai , Justin Molotnikov and Jeremy Webb . Writers include Julian Jones ( head writer ) , Howard Overman , Jake Michie , Lucy Watkins , and Richard McBrien . Series four stars the regular cast from the previous series including Colin Morgan , Angel Coulby , Bradley James , Katie McGrath , and Richard Wilson . Credited as a regular , Anthony Head left the series after his character was killed off in `` The Wicked Day '' . Nathaniel Parker joined the regular cast in this series ( credited as such for the first time in `` Aithusa '' ) and John Hurt returned as the voice of the Great Dragon . Supporting cast members include Adetomiwa Edun , Eoin Macken , Tom Hopper , and Rupert Young . Notable guest actors include Santiago Cabrera , Emilia Fox , Gemma Jones , Phil Davis , James Callis , Lindsay Duncan , Gary Lewis , Charlene McKenna , Janet Montgomery , Terence Maynard , Ben Daniels , Miranda Raison and Caroline Faber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd348be8ba90c2709061561302644188", "text": "Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone . The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 . The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bb16b5d587d68fec6f33d8a22715133", "text": "Ridge Hill transmitting station The Ridge Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located 8.5 miles SE of Hereford in Herefordshire , and close to the border of Gloucestershire . The station transmits the full complement of digital terrestrial multiplexes and an additional ITV West Multiplex . It includes a cable stayed steel lattice mast which has a height of 164.6 m , which in addition to the altitude of the site gives an aerial height of 363 m above mean sea level . Ridge Hill supplies its signal to 17 relays which allow coverage into `` fringe '' areas not able to receive a good signal from the main transmitter . All 5 analogue programme channels were broadcast plus the full 6 digital MUXES although the multiplexes were scattered across the band requiring a wideband aerial for most consumers . Digital switchover was completed on 20 April 2011 where all multiplexes are now located in the Group A antenna band . In addition to its television output Ridge Hill transmits various radio stations including BBC Hereford and Worcester . The station covers the south west Midlands , including Herefordshire , and parts of Worcestershire . It also covers parts of the South West , specifically northern Gloucestershire . It does not , however , transmit BBC local programmes for Gloucestershire . These are covered by the Mendip transmitter which can not be seen from the Gloucester/Cheltenham area . From 4 December 2006 Ridge Hill broadcast ITV1 West on UHF channel 30 ( rebroadcasting the signal from Mendip ) in addition to the existing ITV1 Central service on channel 25 . This is known as `` Ridge Hill West '' . This followed the restructuring of ITV Regional News and the abolition of the Central South region . As a result , the existing ITV1 Central service now carries news from the West Midlands region , with the new West service being provided for viewers in the south east of the service area in areas such as Gloucester and Cheltenham , which are editorially more closely linked to the west country . This change effectively united ITV coverage for Gloucestershire , as the southern half of the county has always been covered by Mendip and its relays . Since the digital switchover , an extra Digital 3 & 4 multiplex for ITV1 West has been broadcast on UHF 29 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8545efb6ae32155d2cc4fae8c80455ef", "text": "Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0556b7b6093f4f21481690796feb43bf", "text": "Ralph Richardson, roles and awards Sir Ralph Richardson ( 1902 -- 1983 ) was an English actor who appeared on radio , film , television and stage . Described by The Guardian as `` indisputably our most poetic actor '' , and by the director David Ayliff as `` a natural actor ... -LSB- who -RSB- could n't stop being a perfect actor '' , Richardson 's career lasted over 50 years . He was -- in the words of his biographer , Sheridan Morley -- one `` of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century '' , alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud . After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson , Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut , playing a gendarme in The Bishop 's Candlesticks in December 1920 . After touring and appearing in rep , he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus . In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud , staying with the company until the following year . After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , he returned to acting , preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello , Joe Orton , Harold Pinter , George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare . A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage , and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929 . Richardson 's film career began in 1931 as an uncredited extra in Dreyfus ; he did not take film seriously as a medium , but undertook the work for money . His career in film was described by the film historian Brian McFarlane , writing for the British Film Institute , as `` prolific and random '' ; McFarlane considered that in Richardson 's performances , `` he would remind one that he had few peers and no superiors in his particular line '' . Richardson won many awards for his performances on stage and screen before his death , including a BAFTA award for The Sound Barrier ; an Evening Standard Award for Home , which he shared with John Gielgud ; and a special Laurence Olivier Award . His final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes -- for which he received further critical plaudits and award nominations -- was released after his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f39ad7d14adb98e571ec2e47737aa065", "text": "Face of Boe The Face of Boe is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Not portrayed on-screen by an actor , the Face of Boe is a wholly mechanical effect , resembling a gigantic human-like head with a weathered face and in place of hair , numerous tendrils which terminate in round pod-like structures . Typically this is encased in a clear sealed container and mounted on a movable pedestal base . The Face merely grunted during his appearance in `` The End of the World '' , communicated telepathically in `` New Earth '' and `` Gridlock '' , and spoke for the first and last time in the latter , and was voiced by Struan Rodger . It is stated in `` New Earth '' that he is thought to be millions of years old ( billions , at least according to `` Gridlock '' ) ; however , when this was suggested to him , he responded with a leading question concerning the impossibility of such an age . It was suggested in `` Last of the Time Lords '' that the Face of Boe is a future Jack Harkness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f5cc884c33d51de27c086f4cfc7833a", "text": "Bartle taxonomy of player types The Bartle taxonomy of player types is a classification of video game players ( gamers ) based on a 1996 paper by Richard Bartle according to their preferred actions within the game . The classification originally described players of multiplayer online games ( including MUDs and MMORPGs ) , though now it also refers to players of single-player video games . The taxonomy is based on a character theory . This character theory consists of four characters : Achievers , Explorers , Socializers , and Killers . These are imagined according to a quadrant model where the X axis represents preference for interacting with other players vs. exploring the world and the Y axis represents preference for interaction vs. unilateral action . A test known as Bartle Test of Gamer Psychology based on Bartle 's taxonomy was created in 1999 -- 2000 by Erwin Andreasen and Brandon Downey , containing a series of questions and an accompanying scoring formula . Although the test has met with some criticism for the dichotomous nature of its question-asking method , as of October 2011 , it had been taken over 800,000 times . The result of the Bartle Test is the `` Bartle Quotient '' , which is calculated based on the answers to a series of 30 random questions in the test , and totals 200 % across all categories , with no single category exceeding 100 % . For example , a person may score `` 100 % Killer , 50 % Socializer , 40 % Achiever , 10 % Explorer '' , which indicates a player who prefers fighting other players relative to any other area of interest . Scores are typically abbreviated by the first letter of each category , in order of the quotient . In the previous example , this result would be described as a `` KSAE '' result .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78c3b314aa040045fcf4b8599c35fd", "text": "List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson . The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively . The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "236b51ac1e3e8f41008bc96306d2b079", "text": "John Beard (tenor) John Beard ( c. 1716 -- 5 February 1791 ) was an English tenor of the 18th century . He is best remembered for creating an extensive number of roles in the operas and oratorios of George Frideric Handel . His début came in Handel 's 1734 revival of Il pastor fido ( Handel ) , which was a great success . He continued to sing for Handel , creating roles in ten of his operas and performing in every one of Handel 's English-language oratorios , odes , and music dramas , with the sole exception of The Choice of Hercules . He also performed for Thomas Arne , and sang at the Chapel Royal . His marriage , during 1739 , to Lady Henrietta Herbert , only daughter of James Waldegrave , 1st Earl Waldegrave caused much scandal : Lord Egmont commented that `` there is no prudence below the girdle '' . Lady Henrietta died in 1753 and in 1759 he married again , this time to Charlotte Rich , whose father was the proprietor of the opera house in Covent Garden . After he died in 1761 Beard succeeded to the role until 1767 , when deafness forced him to retire , selling Covent Garden 's ownership for # 60,000 . He died at Hampton . Handel created several heroic leading roles for Beard , a revolution in the heyday of the castrato voice . The title roles in Samson , Judas Maccabeus , and Jeptha call for strength and expressive qualities over agility . He also sang the role of Farmer Hawthorne in the world premiere of Thomas Arne 's Love in a Village . Charles Burney commented that he `` constantly possessed the favour of the public by his superior conduct , knowledge of Music , and intelligence as an actor . '' Burney 's article in Rees 's Cyclopædia noted that Beard , `` an energetic English singer , and an excellent actor , was brought up in the king 's chapel . He knew as much of music as was necessary to sing a single part at sight , and with a voice that was more powerful than sweet , he became the most useful and favourite singer of his time , on the stage , at Ranelagh , at all concerts ; and in Handel 's oratorios he had always a capital part , being by his knowledge of music the most steady support of the choruses , not only of Handel , but in the odes of Green and Boyce '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a", "text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2b2d5f8b3909bb2e53d6ebb37ed045f", "text": "Boston Bypass Independents The Boston Bypass Independents were elected to Boston Borough Council at the 2007 local elections . The party campaigned on a wide range of issues but principally on the more vigorous promotion of a bypass for the town of Boston , Lincolnshire . The party contested all 32 seats , winning 25 to become the first party to take overall control of the council since the borough was formed in 1972 . By autumn 2008 , the party had 18 borough councillors remaining , after losing four members in defections to the Better Boston Group , one to become an independent , and two in by-elections . Following the 2011 local elections , the party was almost wiped out completely . In July 2009 , the Audit Commission said , in an assessment covering the period from 2004 to 2009 , that the council gave poor value for money for taxpayers . That period included 3 years of the previous administration 's term of office and only 2 under the BBI . The most recent report from the Audit Commission , in February 2010 , judged Boston as a ` fair ' Council . In 2008 , leader Richard Austin helped found a county-wide party , `` Lincolnshire Independents -- Lincolnshire First ! '' . In 2012 , the party was renamed as the Boston District Independents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c61a527591f36e1185f0ed3afeec09", "text": "Republic Square, Yerevan Republic Square ( Հանրապետության հրապարակ , Hanrapetut ′ yan hraparak , known locally as Hraparak , Հրապարակ , '' -LSB- city -RSB- square '' ) is the central town square in Yerevan , the capital of Armenia . It consists of two sections : an oval roundabout and a trapezoid-shaped section which contains a pool with musical fountains . The square is surrounded by five major buildings built in pink and yellow tuff in the neoclassical style with extensive use of Armenian motifs . This architectural ensemble includes the Government House , the History Museum and the National Gallery , Armenia Marriott Hotel and the ministries of Foreign Affairs and Transport and Communications . The square was originally designed by Alexander Tamanian in 1924 . The construction of most of the buildings was completed by the 1950s ; the last building -- the National Gallery -- was completed in 1977 . During the Soviet period it was called the Lenin Square and a statue of Lenin stood at the square and military parades were held twice ( originally thrice ) a year . After Armenia 's independence Lenin 's statue was removed and the square was renamed . It has been described as Armenia 's and the city 's `` most important civic space '' , Yerevan 's `` architectural highlight '' and the city 's `` most outstanding architectural ensemble '' . One author suggested that it is `` certainly one of the finest central squares created anywhere in the world during the 20th century . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0b05e86e910b0890ecb56cd931cf1e", "text": "Massachusetts General Court The Massachusetts General Court ( formally styled the General Court of Massachusetts ) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The name `` General Court '' is a hold-over from the earliest days of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , when the colonial assembly , in addition to making laws , sat as a judicial court of appeals . Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780 , it was called the Great and General Court , but the official title was shortened by John Adams , author of the state constitution . It is a bicameral body . The upper house is the Massachusetts Senate which is composed of 40 members . The lower body , the Massachusetts House of Representatives , has 160 members . ( Until 1978 , it had 240 members ) It meets in the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill in Boston . The current President of the Senate is Stan Rosenberg , and the Speaker of the House is Robert DeLeo . Democrats hold super-majorities in both chambers . State Senators and Representatives both serve two-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a6f86e3ac48af16080ff04e85a6a0b", "text": "Boston Housing Authority The Boston Housing Authority ( BHA ) is a public agency of the city of Boston , Massachusetts that provides subsidized public housing to low - and moderate-income families and individuals . In the federal government model of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ( HUD ) , BHA is a public housing agency . As such , BHA administers federal government assistance programs and monies for locally subsidized housing . With 70 developments , and serving almost 26,000 people across over 12,600 public housing units , it is the largest public housing authority in New England . It also offers partial subsidies for private housing , assisting another 32,000 people , and administers federal Section 8 vouchers . The agency 's performance is periodically reviewed by a nine-member council , the BHA Monitoring Committee , which reports to the mayor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94cd2a721c6eafa96dbd1030531f14d9", "text": "Plaza 25 de Mayo (Rosario) Plaza 25 de Mayo ( `` May 25 Square '' ; local Spanish -LSB- ˈplasa βeintiˈsiŋko ðeˈmaʃo -RSB- ) is a plaza ( urban square ) in Rosario , province of Santa Fe , Argentina . It is Rosario 's civic center , and the core of the original settlement . Its name alludes to the date ( 25 May 1810 ) of the May Revolution , which led to the establishment of the first local Argentine government in Buenos Aires . Before 1852 , when this name was adopted , it was simply called Plaza Principal ( `` Main Square '' ) . Plaza 25 de Mayo is located on the eastern edge of the present-day downtown area , not far from the Paraná River , and occupies the block defined by Santa Fe St. , Buenos Aires St. , Laprida St. and Córdoba St. . East of the plaza lie the seat of the executive branch of Rosario 's municipal government , called Palacio de los Leones , and the Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary , seat of the Archdiocese of Rosario . These buildings are separated by a pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento , leading to the National Flag Memorial . The Memorial 's propylaeum and stone tower can thus be clearly seen from the plaza . At the center of the plaza there is a monumental column dedicated to national freedom ( Columna à la Libertad ) , with a statue representing Liberty standing on top , and surrounded by the statues of national heroes José de San Martín and Manuel Belgrano , journalist and independence activist Mariano Moreno , and first Argentine president Bernardino Rivadavia . The monument , which dates from 1883 , was sculpted by Alejandro Biggi in Carrara marble . Prior to that , since 25 May 1855 , its place was occupied by Argentina 's first monument to the national constitution of 1853 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa08818a6d23e57ac86b469a4bd9017c", "text": "List of diplomatic missions in Boston This is a list of diplomatic missions in Boston ( and surrounding environs of `` Greater '' or `` Metro-Boston '' ) . These countries have established a resident consular presence to provide diplomatic and trade representation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a44fa8f4b18178341e660774cd479ea", "text": "Canadian Consulate-General, Boston The Consulate-General of Canada in Boston ( French : Consulat général du Canada à Boston ) is a diplomatic mission of Canada located in Suite 400 of Three Copley Place in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . The geographical jurisdiction of the Boston office covers the New England states of Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont ; in addition to Saint Pierre and Miquelon , a small overseas collectivity of France located off the South Coast of the Canadian Province of Newfoundland . It further supports the Ambassador and Canadian Embassy situated in Washington , D.C. and is one of six located in the United States . The consulate to Boston opened in 1951 . The mission focuses on relations dealing in : technology , research and development , product commercialization , joint-ventures trade relationships , strategic partnerships , and both greenfield and financial investments between New England and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dbd8c6d0ed6f5d6dc0d81ab958f10fb", "text": "Roman Republic (disambiguation) The Roman Republic was the phase of Ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government . Roman Republic may also refer to : Commune of Rome in the 12th Century Roman Republic ( 18th century ) , a state that existed in Italy from 1798 -- 1800 as a client republic under the French Directory Roman Republic ( 19th century ) , a short-lived Revolutionary state in 1849", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53ead2bf20a0343eeb864c53b975e5e", "text": "Boston Lyceum The Boston Lyceum ( est. 1829 ) of Boston , Massachusetts was a civic association dedicated to popular education in the form of `` lectures , discussions , ... declamation , '' and writing contests . It began `` in Chauncy Hall on 25 June 1829 . On 13 August 1829 it formed its classes and made provisions for lectures and debates . '' Annual members ' `` exhibitions '' of elocution took place in various venues around town , such as the Masonic Temple ( 1832 ) , Tremont Hall ( 1839 ) and the Odeon ( 1840 ) . Leaders included George Bancroft , Timothy Claxton , James T. Fields , Abbott Lawrence , William H. Prescott , William D. Ticknor , and Amasa Walker . Among the many lecturers : Nehemiah Adams , J.A. Bolles , David Paul Brown , Rufus Choate , William M. Cornell , C.C. Emerson , James Pollard Espy , Edward Everett , Dr. Grigg , George S. Hillard , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Dr. C.T. Jackson , N. Jones , Rev. John Pierpont , Edgar Allan Poe , John Osborne Sargent , William H. Simmons , Charles Sumner , B.B. Thatcher , Henry Theodore Tuckerman , Amasa Walker , and E.M.P. Wells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b52a9882f48bb5f6366edc92df8fef55", "text": "Republic of Bouillon The Republic of Bouillon was a short-lived French client republic , around the city of Bouillon in present-day Belgium , based on the duchy of Bouillon , which had existed between France and the Austrian Netherlands since the 15th century . Reforms , sponsored by the duke , abolishing manorialism and feudalism and establishing a constitutional basis for the monarchy did not prevent what many sources describe as the proclamation of a republic in April 1794 . The republic was short-lived , however , as the territory was annexed by the French First Republic 18 months later . In 1815 , after the Napoleonic Wars , the duchy was absorbed into the promoted Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , becoming a part of Belgium when that nation was founded in the 1830s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab9bac9af264dc4589bb1f154d7b4e1", "text": "Boston University School of Law Boston University School of Law ( BU Law ) is a nationally recognized law school located in the heart of Boston University 's campus on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston , Massachusetts . Consistently ranked among the top American law schools , `` U.S. News and World Report '' currently ranks it 23rd in the country . Three specialties are in the top 10 , including Health Law ( # 2 ) , Tax Law ( # 7 ) , and Intellectual Property Law ( # 9 ) . Princeton Review ranks it 1st place nationally in `` Best Professors '' and 8th place for `` Best Classroom Experience . '' For the class of 2018 , the median student LSAT score was 164 and median GPA was 3.68 . BU was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students regardless of race or gender , the second-oldest law school in Massachusetts , and a charter member of the American Bar Association . Nearly 700 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program and about 350 in the School 's five LLM degree programs . The School offers more than 200 classes and seminars , 21 study abroad opportunities , and 17 dual degree programs . Students learn critical legal theory and doctrine in classes that average a 10.6:1 student/faculty ratio , while developing professional lawyering skills in the School 's 1L Lawyering Lab , civil and criminal law clinics , national and international externships , pro bono placements , and transactional law program . BU also pioneered a clinic to represent victims of human trafficking in Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed00a7914bdc2ca744cfb3f5c0511f5a", "text": "Poblacht Poblacht is the Irish word for `` republic '' . It may refer to : An Phoblacht ( English : The Republic ) , a newspaper published by Sinn Féin . Poblacht na hÉireann ( disambiguation ) , can be rendered in English Irish Republic or Republic of Ireland . It can refer to : The revolutionary Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916 and 1919 , also termed Saorstát Éireann . Poblacht na hÉireann , a newspaper first published in 1922 in Ireland by republican opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . The Republic of Ireland , the legal description of the modern Irish state since 1949 . Proclamation of the Irish Republic ( Irish : Forógra na Poblachta ) , a 1916 document declaring the independence of the Irish Republic from the United Kingdom Poblacht Chríostúil ( English : Christian Republic ) , a small political party in Cork in the mid-1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66efcb3a90208790383339b128e07455", "text": "Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) . The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix . The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series . Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site . Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefe80a22723ba53476c2c8b400d8595", "text": "Green Dragon Tavern Green Dragon Tavern was a public house used as a tavern and meeting place located on Union Street in Boston 's North End . The property had been inherited by Mehitable ( Minot ) Cooper from her uncle , William Stoughton , in 1701 . The Green Dragon Tavern was purchased from her son , William Cooper , by William Douglas , physician and pamphleteer , in 1743 . Douglas lived in the tavern , calling it his `` mansion house '' . After his death in 1752 , the tavern passed to his sister , who sold it to the St. Andrews Lodge of Freemasons in 1766 . The Masons used the first floor for their meeting rooms led by Grand Master Joseph Warren followed by John Hancock . The basement tavern was used by several secret groups and became known by historians as the `` Headquarters of the Revolution '' . The Sons of Liberty , Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Boston Caucus each met there . The Boston Tea Party was planned there and Paul Revere ( a Mason ) was sent from there to Lexington on his famous ride . In January 1788 , a meeting of the mechanics and artisans of Boston passed a series of resolutions urging the importance of adopting the Federal Constitution pending at the time before a convention of delegates from around Massachusetts . The building was demolished in 1854 . The current Green Dragon Tavern is located on 11 Marshall Street in Boston 's North End . Its publicity states that it is the `` headquarters of the revolution '' , though its relationship to the demolished original pub is not immediately apparent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0dfb664efa1bee6c94a9d997332747", "text": "Revere Public Schools Revere Public Schools ( RPS ) is a school district headquartered in Revere , Massachusetts in Greater Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c54bf1a6a0962c61f53a05d0bbdb426", "text": "Most Serene Republic Most Serene Republic ( Serenissima Respublica in Latin ) is a title attached to a number of European states through history . By custom , the appellation `` Most Serene '' is an indicator of sovereignty ( see also Serene Highness or Most Serene Highness for a sovereign prince ) ; consequently `` Most Serene Republic '' emphasizes the sovereignty of the republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d507ae03882e89631aea1c9f28e5a7e", "text": "New Boston, Michigan New Boston is an unincorporated community in Huron Charter Township , Wayne County , in the U.S. state of Michigan . Huron Township includes three separate communities : the largest community is New Boston ; south of New Boston , Willow and Waltz are smaller , newer communities being developed with new subdivisions . The Huron River runs just south of downtown New Boston . Huron Township is just south of Romulus , Michigan , and is just west of Flat Rock , Michigan . Interstate 275 ( I-275 ) passes through the middle of the community with three exits providing easy access . Exits off I-275 are Sibley , South Huron , and Will-Carleton roads , the latter being the southern-most exit . New Boston was first settled in 1827 and was originally called `` Catville '' after the initials of the proprietor , C. A. Trowbridge . It received a post office with that name in 1860 . On March 20 , 1868 , it was renamed New Boston , after Boston , Massachusetts . New Boston is home to Gibbs Sweet Station and Mc Nasty 's Saloon . Mary Anne 's Family Diner once used to thrive , but recently closed . New Boston also hosts an Apple Fest every October . Huron River Drive is closed every year just for the Apple Festival , which includes a parade , lots of shopping booths , great food , and live entertainment . Huron High School is also located in the area . New Boston 's assets include open land , proximity to Detroit Metro Airport , and easy access to I-275 and I-94 . In addition , there are three major metro parks in the area .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5c2e290efff5fab53ecaff70ffe042d1", "text": "Greenpeace Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 40 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . Founded by Canadian and US ex-pat environmental activists in 1971 , Greenpeace states its goal is to `` ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity '' and focuses its campaigning on worldwide issues such as climate change , deforestation , overfishing , commercial whaling , genetic engineering , and anti-nuclear issues . It uses direct action , lobbying , research , and ecotage to achieve its goals . The global organization does not accept funding from governments , corporations , or political parties , relying on 2.9 million individual supporters and foundation grants . Greenpeace has a general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and is a founding member of the INGO Accountability Charter ; an international non-governmental organization that intends to foster accountability and transparency of non-governmental organizations . Greenpeace is known for its direct actions and has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world . Greenpeace has raised environmental issues to public knowledge , and influenced both the private and the public sector . Greenpeace has also been a source of controversy ; its motives and methods ( some of the latter being illegal ) have received criticism , including an open letter from more than 100 Nobel laureates urging Greenpeace to end its campaign against genetically modified organisms ( GMOs ) . The organization 's direct actions have sparked legal actions against Greenpeace activists , such as fines and suspended sentences for destroying a test plot of genetically modified wheat and damaging the Nazca Lines , a UN World Heritage site in Peru .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19a8f25a4d1e1d1a339c70cc248b0a17", "text": "Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8276569f80d187d88fc62b671a234f29", "text": "Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca19c019b8cae94e0ca3ffd398931eb5", "text": "Climate change denial Climate change denial , or global warming denial , is part of the global warming controversy . It involves denial , dismissal , unwarranted doubt or contrarian views which strongly depart from the scientific opinion on climate change , including the extent to which it is caused by humans , its impacts on nature and human society , or the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions . Some deniers do endorse the term , but others often prefer the term climate change skepticism , although this is a misnomer for those who deny anthropogenic global warming . In effect , the two terms form a continuous , overlapping range of views , and generally have the same characteristics : both reject , to a greater or lesser extent , mainstream scientific opinion on climate change . Climate change denial can also be implicit , when individuals or social groups accept the science but fail to come to terms with it or to translate their acceptance into action . Several social science studies have analyzed these positions as forms of denialism . Campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science has been described as a `` denial machine '' of industrial , political and ideological interests , supported by conservative media and skeptical bloggers in manufacturing uncertainty about global warming . In the public debate , phrases such as climate skepticism have frequently been used with the same meaning as climate denialism . The labels are contested : those actively challenging climate science commonly describe themselves as `` skeptics '' , but many do not comply with common standards of scientific skepticism and , regardless of evidence , persistently deny the validity of human caused global warming . Although scientific opinion on climate change is that human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change , the politics of global warming have been affected by climate change denial , hindering efforts to prevent climate change and adapt to the warming climate . Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none . Of the world 's countries , the climate change denial industry is most powerful in the United States . Since January 2015 , the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works has been chaired by oil lobbyist and climate change denier Jim Inhofe . Inhofe is notorious for having called climate change `` the greatest hoax ever perpetrated against the American people '' and for having claimed to have debunked the alleged hoax in February 2015 when he brought a snowball with him in the Senate chamber and tossed it across the floor . Organised campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science is associated with conservative economic policies and backed by industrial interests opposed to the regulation of emissions . Climate change denial has been associated with the fossil fuels lobby , the Koch brothers , industry advocates and libertarian think tanks , often in the United States . More than 90 % of papers sceptical on climate change originate from right-wing think tanks . The total annual income of these climate change counter-movement-organizations is roughly $ 900 million . Between 2002 and 2010 , nearly $ 120 million ( # 77 million ) was anonymously donated via the Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund to more than 100 organisations seeking to undermine the public perception of the science on climate change . In 2013 the Center for Media and Democracy reported that the State Policy Network ( SPN ) , an umbrella group of 64 U.S. think tanks , had been lobbying on behalf of major corporations and conservative donors to oppose climate change regulation . Since the late 1970s , oil companies have published research broadly in line with the standard views on global warming . Despite this , oil companies organized a climate change denial campaign to disseminate public disinformation for several decades , a strategy that has been compared to the organized denial of the hazards of tobacco smoking by tobacco companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "641aa36f3eec50d9eb504ca0f1a21344", "text": "Environmentalist An environmentalist is a supporter of the goals of the environmental movement , `` a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities '' . An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of environmentalism . Environmentalists are sometimes referred to using informal or derogatory terms such as `` greenie '' and `` tree-hugger '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bcf5d9ccc159af1a1811d6292f0588f", "text": "National Fish Habitat Partnership The National Fish Habitat Partnership ( NFHP ) is an attempt to conserve ( protect , restore , enhance ) freshwater , estuarine and marine waterways and fisheries in the United States . The National Fish Habitat Partnership was established as the National Fish Habitat Action Plan in 2006 . The National Partnership is the umbrella for 20 Fish Habitat Partnerships established across the country that focus on regions , species or systems ( example : Reservoirs ) . The Partnership has brought together fisheries professionals and other partners with a shared interest in restoring waterways and fisheries in the United States . This partnership is diverse and focused on achieving national awareness and obtaining resources for conserving fish habitats . There are a variety of on-the-ground projects that are coordinated through the Action Plan every year . However the Action Plan has a yearly initiative , called 10 `` Waters to Watch '' that focuses on 10 conservation projects through partnerships under NFHP . These waters represent a snapshot of this year 's voluntary habitat conservation efforts in progress . These and other locally driven conservation projects are prioritized and implemented by regional Fish Habitat Partnerships that have formed throughout the country to implement the National Fish Habitat Action Plan . The objective of the Action Plan is to conserve freshwater , estuarine and marine habitats essential to the many fish and wildlife species that call these areas home . The fish habitat partnerships , under the National Partnership , are composed of local and regional community groups , non-profit organizations , watershed groups , Native American tribes , local , state and federal agencies , and individuals all working to implement the National Fish Habitat Action Plan . Examples of conservation actions include planting stream-side vegetation important to sustaining the health of riparian and aquatic plants and animals , protecting and restoring fish passage and other voluntary measures that help avoid and minimize negative effects that could result from industrial and agriculture practices and livestock . The 10 `` Waters to Watch '' are representative of freshwater to marine habitats across the country including rivers , lakes , reservoirs and estuaries that benefit through the conservation efforts of these Fish Habitat Partnerships formed under the Action Plan -- a bold initiative implemented in 2006 to avoid and reverse persistent declines in our nation 's aquatic habitats . The initial Action Plan 's 10 `` Waters to Watch '' list was unveiled in 2007 . Since 2006 , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has provided $ 16 million to support 341 on-the-ground Action Plan projects in 46 states , leveraging $ 40 million in partner match , to address the priorities of Fish Habitat Partnerships . Additional funds have been provided by several other State and Federal agencies and conservation organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8764a36ff383607d3fe3ef61240e8812", "text": "The Path to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries The Path to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries is the second chapter of the Worldwatch Institute 's State of the World ( book series ) 2012 : Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity ( ISBN 978-1-61091-037-8 ) by Erik Assadourian . It is available for free online , along with these other chapters from the report : Making the Green Economy Work for Everybody by Michael Renner Nine Population Strategies to Stop Short of 9 Billion by Robert Engelman Biodiversity : Combating the Sixth Mass Extinction by Bo Normander In his chapter of the report , Assadourian defines degrowth as an `` essential and urgent '' economic strategy to pursue in countries entrenched in overdevelopment ( such as the United States ) in order for those countries to be truly sustainable and adapt to `` The rapidly warming Earth and the collapse of ecosystem services '' . Furthermore , he hopes to dispel `` the myth that perpetual pursuit of growth is good for economies or the societies of which they are a part '' for the well-being of the planet , of underdeveloped populations , and of the sick , stressed , and overweight populations of overdeveloped countries . Assadourian argues via the principle of plenitude that degrowth will inevitably occur whether we want it to or not because -- on a planet of finite resources -- economies and populations can not grow infinitely , and overdeveloped countries are still pursuing more economic growth and overconsuming resources . Assadourian outlines four policies overdeveloped nations could employ to sufficiently facilitate a planned and controlled contraction of the economy so as to get back in line with planetary boundaries . Each of these , in unison , will eventually foster the creation of a steady-state economy that is in balance with Earth 's limits : Reduce Overall Consumption by Overconsumers Distribute Tax Burdens More Equitably Share Work Hours Better Cultivate a Plenitude Economy : `` informalize '' certain sectors of the economy Assadourian also wrote a 2-page policy brief on the chapter highlighting the key messages of , the problem regarding , and points to keep in mind moving forward on our path to degrowth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b528ee8df89171047ceca01b9f14ba9", "text": "Young Lives Young Lives is an international research project on childhood poverty that was established in 2000 and is coordinated by a team based at the University of Oxford 's Department of International Development ( Queen Elizabeth House ) , Great Britain . Young Lives , by its declaration , is tracing the changing lives of 12,000 children in Ethiopia , India ( Andhra Pradesh ) , Peru and Vietnam over a 15-year period . This is the time frame set by the UN to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goals . Through interviews , group work and case studies with the children , their parents , teachers , community representatives and others , the project is collecting information not only about their material and social circumstances , but also their perspectives on their lives and aspirations for the futures , set against the environmental and social realities of their communities . Young Lives is following two groups of children in each country : 2,000 children who were born in 2001-02 1,000 children who were born in 1994-95 . These groups provide insights into every phase of childhood . The younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood , when some will become parents themselves . When this is matched with information gathered about their parents , it is possible to reveal much about the inter generational transmission of poverty , how families on the margins move in and out of poverty , and the policies that can make a real difference to their lives . The research concentrates on 4 countries : Ethiopia , India ( Andhra Pradesh ) , Peru and Vietnam , chosen because they reflect a wide range of cultural , political , geographical and social contexts . They face some of the common issues experienced by developing countries , such as high debt burden , post-conflict reconstruction and adverse environmental conditions such as drought and flood . By covering these countries , Young Lives aims to reveal patterns , commonalities and differences in four very different contexts where childhood - especially childhood poverty - is changing . The project is core-funded by the UK Department for International Development ( DFID ) , with sub-studies funded by International Development Research Center ( IDRC ) ( in Ethiopia ) , UNICEF ( in India ) , Irish Aid ( in Vietnam ) and the Bernard van Leer Foundation ( in India and Peru ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f418b8e19d713a83826a5b30acf7f91", "text": "Deep Green Resistance Deep Green Resistance ( DGR ) is a radical environmental movement that views mainstream environmental activism as being largely ineffective . `` Deep Green Resistance / DGR '' is also used by group members to refer to their particular political strategies . The group believes that industrial civilization , as they define it , is endangering all life on the planet , and that a broad range of tactics are needed to achieve environmental and social justice . They argue for a radical shift in societal structures and functions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c6fcca51db3ff5cd08bdee5c8353c2", "text": "Ethnodevelopment Ethnodevelopment is the means of countering ethnocide by enabling ethnic , minority , and/or exploited groups to revive values of their specific culture with a focus on strengthening their ability to resist exploitation and oppression and especially , their independent decision-making power through more effective control of the political , economic , social , and cultural processes affecting their development . Ethnodevelopment is a policy established in response to ethnocide , where indigenous cultures and ways of life are being lost due to large-scale development and exploitation in certain developing countries around the world . This large-scale development could include urban development in rural communities and exploitation of natural resources including building dams , mines , or clear-cutting forests . Typically self-led ethnodevelopment is favoured , where the indigenous peoples are involved in creating a plan for their future development and organization of communities in a way that follows their tradition beliefs and customs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f62bdbd9a0402f95635787c6d1a9096", "text": "Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand ( GPNZ ) is one of New Zealand 's largest environmental organisations , and is a national office of the global environmental organisation Greenpeace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e75739ba93b9318a1de31c98eeaa7fb", "text": "World Charter for Nature World Charter for Nature was adopted by United Nations member nation-states on October 28 , 1982 . It proclaims five `` principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged . '' Nature shall be respected and its essential processes shall not be impaired . The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised ; the population levels of all life forms , wild and domesticated , must be at least sufficient for their survival , and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded . All areas of the earth , both land and sea , shall be subject to these principles of conservation ; special protection shall be given to unique areas , to representative samples of all the different types of ecosystems and to the habitats of rare or endangered species . Ecosystems and organisms , as well as the land , marine and atmospheric resources that are utilized by man , shall be managed to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity , but not in such a way as to endanger the integrity of those other ecosystems or species with which they coexist . Nature shall be secured against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities . The vote was 111 for , one against ( United States ) , 18 abstentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4351133f7af4a08e5aa5ec67a57c6ba", "text": "Kudumbashree Kudumbashree is the women empowerment and poverty eradication program , framed and enforced by the State Poverty Eradication Mission ( SPEM ) of the Government of Kerala . The Mission aims to eradicate absolute poverty within a definite time frame of 10 years under the leadership of Local Self Governments formed and empowered by the 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution of India . The Mission launched by the State Government with the active support of Government of India and NABARD has adopted a different methodology in addressing poverty by organizing the poor in to community-based organizations . The Mission follows a process approach rather than a project approach . The mission was officially inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1998 as requested by the State Government . Kudumbashree , a community organization of Neighborhood Groups ( NHGs ) of women in Kerala , has been recognized as an effective strategy for the empowerment of women in rural as well as urban areas : bringing women together from all spheres of life to fight for their rights or for empowerment . The overall empowerment of women is closely linked to economic empowerment . Women through these NHGs work on a range of issues such as health , nutrition , agriculture , etc. besides income generation activities and seeking micro credit . Kudumbashree differs from conventional programmes in that it perceives poverty not just as the deprivation of money , but also as the deprivation of basic rights . The poor need to find a collective voice to help claim these rights . Kudumbashree was conceived as a joint programme of the Government of Kerala and Nabard implemented through Community Development Societies ( CDSs ) of Poor Women , serving as the community wing of Local Governments . Kudumbashree is formally registered as the `` State Poverty Eradication Mission '' ( SPEM ) , a society registered under the Travancore Kochi Literary , Scientific and Charitable Societies Act 1955 . It has a governing body chaired by the State Minister of LSG . There is a state mission with a field officer in each district . This official structure supports and facilitates the activities of the community network across the state . Kudumbashree differs from conventional programmes in that it perceives poverty not just as the deprivation of money , but also as the deprivation of basic rights . The poor need to find a collective voice to help claim these rights . The grassroots of Kudumbashree are Neighbourhood Groups ( NHG in short ) that send representatives to the ward level Area Development Societies ( ADS ) . The ADS sends its representatives to the Community Development Society ( CDS ) , which completes the unique three-tier structure of Kudumbashree . Today , there are 2.77 lakhs NHGs , over 19,854 ADSs and 1073 CDSs in Kudumbashree . It is this network that brings women to the Grama Sabhas and helps them bring the needs of the poor to the attention of the local governments . The Community Development Societies are also very active in Government programmes and play significant roles in development activities ranging from socio-economic surveys and enterprise development to community management and social audit . Though its efforts to engage women in civil society in development issues and opportunities , Kudumbashree in association with the local self government of Kerala is charting out new meaning and possibilities for local economic development and citizen centric governance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58ba919f58c398db5956287c48ec899d", "text": "Sustainable clothing Sustainable clothing refers to fabrics derived from eco-friendly resources , such as sustainably grown fiber crops or recycled materials . It also refers to how these fabrics are made . Historically , being environmentally conscious towards clothing meant ( 1 ) buying clothes from thrift stores or any shops that sell second-hand clothing , or ( 2 ) donating used clothes to shops previously mentioned , for reuse or resale . In modern times , with a prominent trend towards sustainability and being ` green ' , sustainable clothing has expanded towards ( 1 ) reducing the amount of clothing discarded to landfills , and ( 2 ) decreasing the environmental impact of agro-chemicals in producing conventional fiber crops ( e.g. cotton ) . Under the accordance of sustainability , recycled clothing upholds the principle of the `` Three R 's of the Environment '' : Reduce , Reuse , and Recycle , as well as the `` Three Legs of Sustainability '' : Economics , Ecology , and Social Equity . Through the utilization of recycled material for the manufacturing of clothing , this provides an additional realm of economic world profit . Sustainable Clothing will provide a new market for additional job opportunities , continuous net flow of money in the economy , and the reduction of raw materials and virgin resources . Source reduction or reducing the use of raw materials and virgin resources can ultimately reduce carbon emissions during the manufacturing process as well as the resources and carbon emissions that are related to the transportation process . This also prevents the unsustainable usage of extracting materials from the Earth by making use of what has already been used ( i.e. recycling ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d395e1c4f849101e53f9e58600d37589", "text": "Habitat International Coalition Habitat International Coalition ( HIC ) is an independent , nonprofit alliance with hundreds of organizations and individuals , which has been working in housing and human settlements for more than 30 years . The Coalition comprises social movements , community-based organizations , support groups and academics . The strength of the Coalition is based on its worldwide membership ( it has members in 117 nations in five continents ) and on the fact that it brings together a range of civil society groups . Dedicated to advocacy and support for the poor , solidarity networking , popular mobilization , debate and analysis , HIC works to unite civil society in a shared commitment to ensuring sustainable habitat and a livable planet for all . Its work focuses on defending and implementing the human rights linked to housing and habitat ; i.e. , land , housing , clean water , sanitation , a healthy environment , access to public goods and services ( e.g. , health , education , transport and recreation ; access to livelihood and social protection , pluralism and the preservation of social , natural , historic and cultural patrimony . Since the ’80 HIC has been developing special capacities seeking gender equality , in a balanced articulation between reflection and action on different issues : the rights ' approach , the right to the city , the social production of habitat , women and habitat and the sustainable habitat . HIC specific work on the right to the city seeks to deepen the analysis and the actions on the proposal of building more just cities worldwide . HIC has been committed since decades in the creation of a theoretical and practical framework for the right to the city . The Coalition articulates and accompanies social movements and organizations in their struggle to achieve the realization of all human rights to ensure the collective well-being of inhabitants ; the democratic management and the social function of the city . HIC is also aware of the global challenges facing worldwide on climate change and food sovereignty and the obvious impacts on the cities : the Coalition works on broaden exchanges between urban and rural movements . HIC 'S work on social production of habitat seeks to derive practical lessons from the compilation , exchange and analysis of `` people 's processes '' in initiating , designing , building and maintaining local environments . These experiences , which build upon local social resources and demonstrate local social reliance and ingenuity , generate and promote methods and strategies that then can be shared and replicated across regions . Each region has given rise to diverse and specific examples of struggles and efforts that emphasize distinct circumstances and priorities to construct people-centred livelihoods . In order to strengthen people 's process for access and provision of land and shelter , lessons learned to date show a need to : understand what sustains the people 's process on land , housing and habitat/settlements development , in urban and rural areas , understand what are the forces , both external and internal , that strengthen or weaken peoples ' processes , including political and economic forces that have a bearing on people 's processes , and in particular the dynamics of the informal and formal land markets ; envision alternative ways to develop cities and other human settlements , evolving a bottom-up perspective on human settlement development without destroying livelihoods , assets and material achievements of the poor , while , quite to the contrary , supporting and nurturing livelihoods , assets and settlements of the poor , and their integration into the city ; articulate and support the people 's processes through policies and actions for both government and nongovernmental organizations ; develop more flexible design-based , knowledge-based and service-based housing policies and outputs with the objective of realizing the human right to adequate housing and equitable land use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c811201802d47331d10ebd67f12e5f16", "text": "Daweishan ICCA The Daweishan ICCA , located in southeastern Yunnan province of China , has an intact rainforest which belongs to the Beibu-Gulf Center ( one of the three biodiversity centers in China ) and Indo-Burma hotspot ( one of the 34 biodiversity hot-spots worldwide ) . To better protect this rainforest with unique and rich species diversity , the People 's Government of Yunnan Province expanded Daweishan Nature Reserve in 1996 to incorporate Huayudong Forest , Xiaoweishan Forest , Zuantianpo Forest , Dalaobaijing Forest and Honghe Cycas Reserve , In 2001 , the Chinese State Council officially approved Daweishan as a National Nature Reserve . Daweishan National Nature Reserve crosses Pingbian , Hekou , Mengzi and Gejiu counties with the total area of 439 square kilometer . The elevation of the reserve is varied from 100 meter to 2365 meter . Daweishan has the only humid rainforest in the mainland of China and has a complete tropical mountain forest ecosystem vertical profile . From the bottom to the top , there are tropical humid rainforest , montane rainforest , monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest , mossy evergreen broad-leaved forest and mossy dwarf forest . Daweishan has extremely rich biodiversity which has 12 Grade I National Protected Plants , 23 Grade II National Protected Plants , 12 Grade I National Protected Animals and 46 Grade II National Protected Animals . Within Daweishan Reserve , especially in the core zone of the reserve , there are some villages habitat with Yi , Miao and other ethnic groups . These people 's life highly depends on the forest and with the increasing population and social-economic development , the pressures on the forest is also increasing . Deforesting , ecological degradation , wild species disappearing still happened . However , as the village 's land did not belong to the reserve and the community did not regulate their activities , there are frequently conflicts between the survival and protection which caused negative impacts to the long term biodiversity conservation . Under the support of UNDP and GEF/SGP , Nature Conservation Association of Pingbian launched the `` Construction of Daweishan ICCA '' project in October 2013 . The project was carried out in the 3 villages locating in the core zone of Daweishan reserve , i.e. Malongdi , Ludima and Changpo Village , which has direct and significant impacts on the reserve and its biodiversity . The overall objectives of this project were 1 ) Raise the 3 project villages ' awareness on protection and enhance their capacity on sustainable development , 2 ) effectively protect forest and biodiversity through develop sustainable livelihood and clean energy , and 3 ) register ICCA and develop co-management mechanisms between the communities and reserve administration bureau . Major activities included village conference , training ( on biodiversity , beekeeping and product certification , biogas use and clean energy , and ICCA registration ) , publicity activities , registration of beekeeping cooperative and ICCA , community patrol and biodiversity image monitoring , community protection actions , and biogas construction . Through the first and second village conference , biodiversity and ICCA training , community committee operation , patrol and biodiversity monitoring , the 3 villages ' awareness and capacity on protection were significantly raised . Villagers understand ICCA concept , they agreed to registered ICCA and make protection actions . In September 2014 the 3 villages signed `` Free , Prior and Informed Consent '' and complete the registered form/case study together with project team . In December 2014 we complete the ICCA registration which means the Daweishan ICCA was formal established . Category : Forests of China Category : Nature reserves in China", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b732bd020a31d85d3432720cb93f645", "text": "Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being . There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods . Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour . Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on . An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f8c24b29fb984f83617e0b8afaf24f", "text": "Amazon Watch Amazon Watch is a nonprofit organization Founded in 1996 , and based in Oakland , California , it works to protect the rainforest and advance the rights of indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin . It partners with indigenous and environmental organizations in Ecuador , Peru , Colombia and Brazil in campaigns for human rights , corporate accountability and the preservation of the Amazon 's ecological systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4600a1a9fdcfdbc91baf82502092f15", "text": "Natural landscape A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture . `` The area prior to the introduction of man 's activity is represented by one body of morphologic facts . The forms that man has introduced are another set . We may call the former , with reference to man , the original , natural landscape . In its entirety it no longer exists in many parts of the world , but its reconstruction and understanding are the first part of formal morphonology . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' . University of California Publications in Geography , vol . 2 , No. 2 , 12 October 1925 , p. 37 . The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape . `` The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a culture group . Culture is the agent , the natural area is the medium , the cultural landscape the result . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' , p. 46 . However , in the twenty-first century landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist , so that reference is sometimes now made to degrees of naturalness within a landscape.The European Environment Agency 's planned forest naturalness index is an example of an attempt to define one type of natural landscape in Europe . The Agency lists forests in three categories : ( 1 ) Plantations ; ( 2 ) Semi-natural ; and ( 3 ) Naturally dynamic . The latter are `` forests whose structure , composition and function have been shaped by natural dynamics without substantial anthropogenic influence over a long period of time '' . In Silent Spring ( 1962 ) Rachel Carson describes a roadside verge as it used to look : `` Along the roads , laurel , viburnum and alder , great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler 's eye through much of the year '' and then how it looks now following the use of herbicides : `` The roadsides , once so attractive , were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire '' . Even though the landscape before it is sprayed is biologically degraded , and may well contains alien species , the concept of what might constitute a natural landscape can still be deduced from the context . The phrase `` natural landscape '' was first used in connection with landscape painting , and landscape gardening , to contrast a formal style with a more natural one , closer to nature . Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) was to further conceptualize this into the idea of a natural landscape separate from the cultural landscape . Then in 1908 geographer Otto Schlüter developed the terms original landscape ( Urlandschaft ) and its opposite cultural landscape ( Kulturlandschaft ) in an attempt to give the science of geography a subject matter that was different from the other sciences . An early use of the actual phrase `` natural landscape '' by a geographer can be found in Carl O. Sauer 's paper `` The Morphology of Landscape '' ( 1925 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8821403eeed8f10137b899049a04016", "text": "Forester A forester is a person who practices forestry , the science , art , and profession of managing forests . Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including timber harvesting , ecological restoration and management of protected areas . Foresters manage forests to provide a variety of objectives including direct extraction of raw material , outdoor recreation , conservation , hunting and aesthetics . Emerging management practices include managing forestlands for biodiversity , carbon sequestration and air quality . Many people confuse the role of the forester with that of the logger , but most foresters are concerned not only with the harvest of timber , but also with the sustainable management of forests to ( in the words of Gifford Pinchot ) `` provide the greatest good for the greatest number in the long term '' . Another notable forester , Jack C. Westoby , remarked that `` forestry is concerned not with trees , but with how trees can serve people '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "009a4a821557ac6782b730e1084c1416", "text": "Quincy Jones Quincy Delight Jones , Jr. ( born March 14 , 1933 ) , also known as `` Q '' , is an American record producer , actor , conductor , arranger , composer , musician , television producer , film producer , instrumentalist , magazine founder , entertainment company executive , and humanitarian . His career spans six decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations , and 28 Grammys , including a Grammy Legend Award in 1991 . He is best known for the role of himself in Yakety Yak , Take it Back , Trash Talk , and Fantasia 2000 . Jones came to prominence in the 1950s as a jazz arranger and conductor , before moving on to work prolifically in pop music and film scores . In 1968 , Jones and his songwriting partner Bob Russell became the first African Americans to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song , their `` The Eyes of Love '' for the Universal Pictures film Banning . That same year , Jones was the first African American to be nominated twice within the same year for an Academy Award for Best Original Score , as he was also nominated for his work on the film In Cold Blood ( 1967 ) . In 1971 , Jones was the first African American to be named as the musical director and conductor of the Academy Awards ceremony . In 1995 , he was the first African American to receive the Academy 's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . He is tied with sound designer Willie D. Burton as the African American who has been nominated for the most Oscars ; each has received seven nominations . Jones was the producer , with Michael Jackson , of Jackson 's albums Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Thriller ( 1982 ) , and Bad ( 1987 ) , as well as the producer and conductor of the 1985 charity song `` We Are the World '' , which raised funds for victims of destitution in Ethiopia . In 2013 , Jones was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as the winner , alongside Lou Adler , of the Ahmet Ertegun Award . Among his awards , Jones was named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a28025110b2618bcd5a1c6458b94565", "text": "Jazz Abroad Jazz Abroad is a split album by American jazz drummer Roy Haynes and composer arranger Quincy Jones featuring tracks recorded in Sweden in 1953 and 1954 and released on the EmArcy label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a460f8e168ed3ed0365392fd5218870a", "text": "Mike Jones (jazz musician) Mike Jones ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American jazz pianist . He has appeared onstage with Penn and Teller since 2006 , and continues to play with them during their nightly show in Las Vegas . He first garnished praise as a young musician , performing professionally at the age of ten . Following the advice of Oscar Peterson , Jones attended Berklee School of Music , in Boston . While still attending the school he started work as a studio musician . During his time commuting from Boston to New York , Jones worked as the on-air pianist and music director of the Nancy Merrill Show . He also appeared throughout the New England area with jazz musicians Herb Pomeroy , Gray Seargent , Dick Johnson , and others . In 1994 his first solo recording on Chiaroscuro Records , Oh , Look At Me Now was released . This was followed by Runnin ' Wild recorded live in Buffalo , N.Y. , his hometown , and then Live at Steinway Hall , in New York City . Through his association with Hank O'Neal , Mike was invited to perform on the Floating Jazz Festival on the S.S. Norway and later , the Queen Elizabeth 2 . The Verve reissue of Oscar Peterson 's On the Town featured liner notes by Neil Tesser with extensive commentary by Mike Jones . Penn Jillette and his friends found him playing at a Las Vegas resort , and were invited to the recording sessions for Stretches Out , Jones 's fourth solo CD for Chiaroscuro . In February 2002 , he was invited to become part of the Penn & Teller show , and performs nightly with them at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino . Jones wrote the theme tune for Penn Jillette 's radio show Penn Radio , including many variations . ( Jillette plays bass on many of these themes . ) He also created some special themes for Monkey Tuesday and Pull of the Weasel Friday . Jones also made an appearance in an episode of Bullshit ! which was critical of twelve-step programs . Jones was introduced by Penn as having been significantly overweight , but lost ninety pounds with his `` own special one step program '' , which Penn explained as being `` like the twelve step , but with a few minor adjustments '' . Jones explained his program as `` Just stop fucking eating so much '' . His live CD is Live at The Green Mill , recorded with a trio , Kelly Sill on bass , and Tim Davis on drums , at the legendary Chicago jazz club . He signed with Capri Records in 2014 , and released Plays Well with Others , featuring Jeff Hamilton on drums and 21-year-old prodigy Mike Gurrola on bass . The album has a cover by David Silverman ( as a tribute to the Diane Arbus photograph Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park ) and liner notes by Penn Jillette . Jones lives in Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d4076d1a7aee760bc2967bd05e497", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres . The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer . There have been several minor changes to the name of the award : In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration ) In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration ) In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz ) From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d62b83dc5fd0744252d6286fa33f623", "text": "Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6a3472cfe57259e4edb82dcb8e2c4f", "text": "You're Mine You You 're Mine You is a 1962 studio album by the American jazz singer Sarah Vaughan , orchestrated and conducted by Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7a0c36ed2b264d5eeb9e75f725c75c6", "text": "Punisher: War Zone Original Motion Picture Score Punisher : War Zone Original Motion Picture Score is the official score to the 2008 film Punisher : War Zone . It was composed entirely by Michael Wandmacher and released by Lionsgate Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2929ea686fcf4c809b6375a90715d0", "text": "R. Malcolm Jones R. Malcolm Jones is an American music video and motion picture director . Jones is a graduate of the University of Miami . While a student at the University , Jones was granted the Eastman Kodak Scholarship he is its youngest recipient . Jones also received a Merit Scholarship . After graduation R. Malcolm Jones went on to direct Music Videos for various artist . He was nominated for Video Director of the Year at the 2008 BET Awards . In 2009 the MTV Video Awards nominated his video Right Round by Flo Rida feat Kei $ ha for Best Hip Hop Video . R. Malcolm Jones has directed Music Videos for Flo Rida , Avril Lavigne , Cassidy feat Swizz Beats , T-Pain , Chris Brown , Lil Mama , Mario , Ray J , R. Kelly , Cali Swag District , K'la , YC , Travis Porter , Jordan Taylor , Vanessa Hudgens , Nas , Clipse , Fat Jose , Brooke Hogan , The Pack , and Roscoe Dash . Jones has also directed commercials for HBO ( a talk with Spike Lee ) , BET ( 2009 BET Spring Bling ) and CMT ( Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders ) . R. Malcolm Jones has made a personal appearance as a guest on BET 's Top 25 Countdown and was a featured director for Vh1 's Hogan Knows Best , MTV 's Making The Video and BET 's All Access Granted . R. Malcolm Jones has directed and written several motion picture projects . They include , Seven Lives : Seven Survivors ( a documentary ) His short films include , Ambush , Sweet Potato Pie and Shattered . He has currently finished production of his motion picture Secrets of the Magic City starring Jennifer Lewis , Jamie Hector and Keith David . Secrets of the Magic City screened at the 2013 American Black Film Festival ( ABFF ) in the `` Narrative '' category it screened at the 2013 Annual Urban World Film Festival in New York City and the 2013 Bronze Lens Film Festival in Atlanta where Jamie Hector and Jenifer Lewis were nominated and won awards for Best Actor and Actress . The film debuted on Centric TV June 26 , 2015 and received world wide distribution with EOne Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25a59cf62ab2699b92d720f178f4e573", "text": "Bryan Carrigan Bryan Carrigan is an American music producer , engineer , and electronic musician that has been involved in the production of studio albums and film scores . Carrigan is also known for serving multiple roles in the recording studio as music editor , programming , and sound design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fb938bfc7d3cb8b93f19aa4444f4020", "text": "West Side Story (soundtrack) West Side Story is the soundtrack to the 1961 film West Side Story . Released in 1961 , the soundtrack spent 54 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard 's album charts , giving it the longest run at No. 1 of any album in history , although some lists instead credit Michael Jackson 's Thriller , on the grounds that West Side Story was listed on a chart for stereo albums only at a time when many albums were recorded in mono . In 1962 , it won a Grammy award for `` Best Sound Track Album -- Original Cast '' and Johnny Richards orchestrations of the movie score ( on Kenton 's West Side Story ) also winning a Grammy in 1962 for `` Best Large Ensemble Jazz Album '' further bolstering the popularity of the movie and soundtrack . In the United States , it was the best-selling album of the 1960s , certifying three times platinum by the RIAA on November 21 , 1986 . Though the album was released just a few years after the release of the original broadway cast recording , it is according to Broadway Babies preferred by some to the earlier version both sentimentally , as the film succeeded in establishing the musical as a `` popular masterpiece '' , and musically , as it contains `` beefier orchestration '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2970daf385717733f12af75a1bd18a6f", "text": "On Days Like These `` On Days Like These '' is a song originally recorded by English singer Matt Monro , with music by Quincy Jones and lyrics by Don Black . It was written in 1969 for the British caper film The Italian Job , where it is played prominently in the opening credits , uninterrupted by background soundscape . The recording was produced by George Martin . Despite never charting either in the USA or the UK , the ballad went on to become one of his most famous songs . It was later recorded by Alexander Armstrong on his album A Year of Songs in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8ae0135d150f9c1c5e47caafb33034", "text": "Goodfellas (soundtrack) Martin Scorsese chose the songs for Goodfellas only if they commented on the scene or the characters `` in an oblique way '' . The only rule he adhered to with the soundtrack was to only use music which could have been heard at that time . For example , if a scene took place in 1973 , he could use any song that was current or older . According to Scorsese , a lot of non-dialogue scenes were shot to playback . For example , he had `` Layla '' playing on the set while shooting the scene where the dead bodies are discovered in the car and the meat-truck . Sometimes , the lyrics of songs were put between lines of dialogue to comment on the action . Some of the music Scorsese had written into the script while other songs he discovered during the editing phase . There is no music once Henry is arrested in his driveway by the DEA , until the end credits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4951a7ea77af78970fda321974741fb9", "text": "Despicable Me: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Despicable Me : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the film of the same name , and it was released on July 6 , 2010 . It features new songs from the film written , performed , produced and/or composed by Pharrell Williams , and performances by Destinee & Paris , The Sylvers , Robin Thicke , The Bee Gees and David Bisbal . A soundtrack album including the many other songs that appear in the film has not been officially released . The film 's score was composed by Pharrell Williams & Heitor Pereira and produced by Hans Zimmer . It was recorded with a 67-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Newman Scoring Stage at 20th Century Fox . As of December 30 , 2010 , the film 's score had not been officially released ; however , 8 tracks appeared on MagicBoxMusic.com in November , 2010 . Two of the songs that appeared in the film , Despicable Me and Prettiest Girls , appeared on the Best Original Song shortlist for the 83rd Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67e6f4e87164f14868e3f6cf979202e", "text": "The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score) Like its predecessor , The Lost World : Jurassic Park was scored by famed composer John Williams ( a longtime collaborator with director Steven Spielberg ) , orchestrated by Conrad Pope and John Neufeld , and recorded in Los Angeles . Notably , Williams did not write a stereotypical sequel score , but instead developed a wildly different style for the different location , cast , and darker tone of the second Jurassic Park film . The original soundtrack album -- released by MCA Records on April 30 , 1997 -- features over seventy minutes of the film 's music , including some material that was unused in the film 's final cut ( e.g. `` The Hunt '' ) . The single disc is packaged in a paper case that opens to reveal dioramas of jungle scenery and dinosaurs from the film . A John Williams collection edition , joint with the soundtrack to the first movie , was released by La-La Land Records on November 29 , 2016 , remastered and featuring additional unreleased music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1172ab04d39cf00fb8604608d3cbbd51", "text": "Richard M. Jones Richard M. Jones , born Richard Marigny Jones ( sometimes written Richard Mariney Jones ) , ( 13 June 1892 -- 8 December 1945 ) was a jazz pianist , composer , band leader , and record producer . Numerous songs bear his name as author , including `` Trouble in Mind '' . Jones grew up in New Orleans , Louisiana . Jones suffered from a stiff leg and walked with a limp ; fellow musicians gave him the nickname `` Richard My Knee Jones '' as a pun on his middle name . In his youth he played alto horn in brass bands . His main instrument , however , became the piano . By 1908 he was playing in Storyville , the red-light district of New Orleans . A few years later , he often led a small band which sometimes included Joe Oliver . Jones also worked in the bands of John Robichaux , Armand J. Piron , and Papa Celestin . In 1918 Jones moved to Chicago . He worked as Chicago manager for publisher and pianist Clarence Williams . Jones began recording in 1923 , making gramophone records as a piano soloist , accompanist to vocalists , and with his bands The Jazz Wizards and The Chicago Cosmopolitans . He recorded for Gennett , OKeh , Victor , and Paramount Records in the 1920s . He also worked for OKeh Records as Chicago supervisor of the company 's `` Race '' ( African-American ) Records for most of the decade . During this period he was the producer of the very influential Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings led by cornetist ( later trumpeter ) Louis Armstrong , the most important soloist in early jazz . In the 1930s Jones played a similar management role for Decca . Richard M. Jones worked for Mercury Records until his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ff31efd2b821111dd21704043bcef5", "text": "Muhammad: The Messenger of God (soundtrack) Muhammad : The Messenger of God -- Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album composed by A. R. Rahman ( featuring the trio Le Trio Joubran ) to the 2015 Iranian Islamic epic film of the same name . The film is directed by Majid Majidi and co-written with Kambuzia Partovi . The soundtrack was released by Sony DADC on December 23 , 2015 . The soundtrack was adjudged as one of the `` Best Scores of Asia in 2015 '' by Movie Music UK magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f0e275cf26dab764dce786251384e7e", "text": "Blues Cross Country Blues Cross Country is a 1962 studio album by Peggy Lee , principally arranged by Quincy Jones , with some arrangements by Benny Carter . The album can be described as a concept album , consisting of a musical journey across the United States through swinging blues songs , many of which were written by Lee with other contributors . Blues Cross Country was the second of Lee 's two albums featuring arrangements by Jones . He had also arranged her previous studio album , If You Go ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a76fc6a24ce2dd48aa2de128f86b826b", "text": "Davy Jones (Pirates of the Caribbean) Davy Jones is a fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series , portrayed by Bill Nighy . He appears in the second and third films , Dead Man 's Chest and At World 's End , respectively , and cameos in the series ' fifth installment , Dead Men Tell No Tales . He is the captain of the Flying Dutchman ( based on the ghost ship of the same name ) . The computer-generated imagery used to complete Jones was named by Entertainment Weekly as the tenth favorite computer generated film character in film history , only behind King Kong in 2007 . The work on Davy Jones by Industrial Light and Magic earned them the 2006 Academy Award for Visual Effects for Dead Man 's Chest '' . The character is based on the superstition of Davy Jones ' Locker . In contrast to the historical legends , the film 's Jones is a villain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05936adc54723e19d4854194e57a772a", "text": "Calvin Jones (musician) Calvin James Jones , Sr. ( September 27 , 1929 -- October 10 , 2004 ) was an American trombonist , bassist , pianist , bandleader , composer and educator . Born in Chicago , Illinois , raised in Memphis , Tennessee , Jones moved to Washington , D.C. in the 1970s where he remained until his death from a heart attack in October 2004 . He was Professor of Music at the University of the District of Columbia and served as director of the UDC Jazz Studies Program from 1976 until his sudden death in October 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471ee8d0fb1a9d821e06ca26d22c0899", "text": "Filmworks III: 1990–1995 Filmworks III : 1990 -- 1995 features the scores for film and advertisements by John Zorn . The album was originally released on the Japanese labels Evva in 1995 and Toys Factory in 1996 and subsequently re-released on Zorn 's own label , Tzadik Records , in 1997 . It features the music that Zorn wrote and recorded for Thieves Quartet ( 1993 ) , directed by Joe Chappelle , which was performed by the group that would become Masada ; nine cues for Kiriko Kubo 's Music For Tsunta ( 1988 ) ; eleven tracks for Hollywood Hotel ( 1994 ) , directed by Mei-Juin Chen ; and thirty-two pieces for advertisements by Wieden & Kennedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad38e9c1f0b5b2a408f71e7d275ab337", "text": "City Noir __ NOTOC __ City Noir is a symphonic work by the composer John Adams . A primary inspiration for the piece is the work of historian Kevin Starr on urban California in the late 1940s and early 1950s . The composer characterizes the work as `` jazz-inflected symphonic music '' , citing the French composer Darius Milhaud as originator of this trend . It has a duration of 35 minutes , features solos for alto saxophone , trumpet , trombone , horn , viola , and Double Bass , and has three movements : The City and its Double The Song is for You Boulevard Night The piece was co-commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association , the London Symphony Orchestra in association with Cité de la Musique , the Zaterdag Matinee and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra . It received its first public performance by the Los Angeles Philharmonic on October 8 , 2009 , conducted by Gustavo Dudamel , with Carrie Dennis ( viola ) , Timothy McAllister ( alto saxophone ) , William Lane ( horn ) , Donald Green ( trumpet ) , and James Miller ( trombone ) playing the prominent solo parts . This concert was filmed and subsequently televised internationally and released on DVD and digital download by Deutsche Grammophon .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7439584e1e8b5be5b66c05281fb866f1", "text": "The Land Before Time The Land Before Time is a 1988 American-Irish animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , George Lucas , Kathleen Kennedy , and Frank Marshall . Produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios , Amblin Partners ' Amblin Entertainment and Lucasfilm ( despite not receiving an official credit nor the film 's marketing bearing the studio 's logo ) , it features dinosaurs living in the prehistoric times . The plot concerns a young Brontosaurus named Littlefoot who is orphaned when his mother is killed by a Tyrannosaurus . Littlefoot flees famine and upheaval to search for the Great Valley , an area spared from devastation . On his journey , he meets four young companions : Cera , Ducky , Petrie , and Spike , a Spike-tail . The film explores issues of prejudice between the different species and the hardships they endure in their journey as they are guided by the spirit of Littlefoot 's mother and also forced to deal with the murderous T-Rex that killed her . This is the only Don Bluth film of the 1980s in which Dom DeLuise did not participate ( instead , he starred in Disney 's Oliver & Company that same year ) , and the only film in The Land Before Time series that is not a musical , as well as the only one to be released theatrically worldwide . Released by Universal Pictures on November 18 , 1988 , the film was a critical and financial success , and spawned a multimillion-dollar franchise with thirteen direct-to-video sequels and a television series ( without involvement from Bluth , Spielberg , or Lucas ) as well as merchandise ( toys , video games , etc. ) and a television series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "41222b619fd584a70532cc59d545f98f", "text": "Goliad (Adventure Time) `` Goliad '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time . The episode was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Skyler Page , from a story by Patrick McHale , Kent Osborne , and Pendleton Ward . It originally aired on Cartoon Network on June 4 , 2012 . The episode guest stars Graham Linehan 's children , Wendy and Henry . The series follows the adventures of Finn ( voiced by Jeremy Shada ) , a human boy , and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake ( voiced by John DiMaggio ) , a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will . In this episode , Princess Bubblegum ( voiced by Hynden Walch ) begins to fear for her mortality , and creates an eternal sphinx named Goliad to be her successor . Things go awry , however , when the sphinx turns against Bubblegum . Linehan 's children , Wendy and Henry , were brought on to voice Goliad and Stormo , respectively , after Ward saw video of them impersonating Adventure Time characters . Linehan is currently putting together a story for a sequel episode . The episode received largely positive critical reviews , and was later nominated for an Annie Award for `` Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production '' at the 2013 award ceremony , although the episode did not win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9358a50c18849859d694fd312567eac3", "text": "Hadrosauroidea Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the `` duck-billed '' dinosaurs , or hadrosaurids , and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to Iguanodon . Many primitive hadrosauroids , such as the Asian Probactrosaurus and Altirhinus , have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic ( unnatural grouping ) `` Iguanodontidae '' . With cladistic analysis , the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded , and probably includes only Iguanodon and perhaps its closest relatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "714a44b1b1e65de52b0d6c9206487d16", "text": "Daniel Pinkwater Daniel Manus Pinkwater ( born November 15 , 1941 ) is an American author of children 's books and `` Young Adult '' fiction . Well-known books include Lizard Music , The Snarkout Boys and the Avocado of Death , Fat Men from Space , Borgel , and the picture book The Big Orange Splot . He has also published an adult novel , The Afterlife Diet , and essay collections derived from his talks on National Public Radio . Though many of his most well-known books are considered humorous young adult fiction , he has written in various genres and for various audiences , and his published works range in style from picture books to adult fiction . Many elements of his fiction are based on real events and people he encountered in his youth . Pinkwater is a trained artist and has illustrated many of his books in the past , although , for more recent works , that task has passed to his wife Jill Pinkwater . His artistic technique varies from work to work , with some books illustrated in computer drawings , others in woodcuts and others in Magic Marker . Pinkwater varies his name slightly between books ( for instance , `` Daniel Pinkwater '' , `` Daniel M. Pinkwater '' , `` Daniel Manus Pinkwater '' , `` D. Manus Pinkwater '' ) . He was born in Memphis , Tennessee , to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland . He describes his father as a `` ham-eating , iconoclastic Jew . '' His parents moved to Chicago , where he grew up . He attended Bard College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67e6f4e87164f14868e3f6cf979202e", "text": "The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score) Like its predecessor , The Lost World : Jurassic Park was scored by famed composer John Williams ( a longtime collaborator with director Steven Spielberg ) , orchestrated by Conrad Pope and John Neufeld , and recorded in Los Angeles . Notably , Williams did not write a stereotypical sequel score , but instead developed a wildly different style for the different location , cast , and darker tone of the second Jurassic Park film . The original soundtrack album -- released by MCA Records on April 30 , 1997 -- features over seventy minutes of the film 's music , including some material that was unused in the film 's final cut ( e.g. `` The Hunt '' ) . The single disc is packaged in a paper case that opens to reveal dioramas of jungle scenery and dinosaurs from the film . A John Williams collection edition , joint with the soundtrack to the first movie , was released by La-La Land Records on November 29 , 2016 , remastered and featuring additional unreleased music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463ec25399ff8bb7ec37cfd64d51a14c", "text": "Barton Beds Barton Beds ( now the Barton Group ) is the name given to a series of grey and brown clays , with layers of sand , of Upper Eocene age ( around 40 million years old ) , which are found in the Hampshire Basin of southern England . They are particularly well exposed in the cliffs at Barton-on-Sea , which is the world type locality for the Barton Beds , and lends its name to the Bartonian age of the Eocene epoch . The clay is abundant in fossils , especially molluscs . The beds are found in the Hampshire Basin , and are well exposed in the cliffs of Barton , Hordle , and on the Isle of Wight . The cliffs at Barton are the world type locality for the Barton Beds . The beds consist of grey , greenish and brown clays with bands of sand and have long been well known for the abundance and excellent preservation of their fossils . More than 500 species have been recorded , of which , over half are molluscs , including numerous turret shells and lamellibranchs . Sharks teeth are common , and the beds have yielded remains of corals , fishes , mammals , reptiles , and birds . Plant fossils are also abundant . In the 1840s fossils were found in the `` crocodile bed '' at Hordle cliff , which belonged to an extinct species of alligator , which was subsequently named Diplocynodon hantoniensis , after the county of Hampshire ( Hantonia being a Latinization based on the Anglo-Saxon name Hantescire ) . Above the highly fossiliferous Barton Clay , there is a sandy series with few fossils ; these are the Headon Hill or Barton Sands . Today , the Barton Beds are rather poorly exposed in many sections due to coastal protection works . The Barton Beds are of Upper Eocene age , and the area was covered with an inland sea , and the temperature was higher than at the present day . The term `` Bartonian '' was introduced by Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857 for the continental equivalents of the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48e0cd4aefd45fe94bfa2973854783b", "text": "Land (song) `` Land '' was a one-off charity single released in August 1993 , credited to ( and in the following order ) Midnight Oil , Daniel Lanois , Hothouse Flowers , Crash Vegas , and The Tragically Hip . All five artists were part of that year 's Another Roadside Attraction tour . The CD release credits the authorship of the track to Jim Moginie , Rob Hirst , Peter Garrett , Gord Downie , Daniel Lanois and The Tragically Hip . However , as officially registered with ASCAP and BMI , the composition of `` Land '' is credited to Downie , Garrett , Lanois and Liam Ó Maonlaí . It was recorded in Calgary , with Lanois producing . The song protests the logging industry practice of clearcutting in the rainforests of British Columbia , particularly in Clayoquot Sound . Issued as a single in Australia , `` Land '' peaked at # 63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18935c5a5750ebf6bbf52764bbc136be", "text": "Palaeognathae Palaeognathae , or paleognaths , is one of the two living clades of birds -- the other being Neognathae . Together , these two clades form the clade Neornithes . Palaeognathae contains five extant branches of flightless lineages ( plus two extinct clades ) , termed ratites , and one flying lineage , the Neotropic tinamous . There are 47 species of tinamous , 5 of kiwis ( Apteryx ) , 3 of cassowaries ( Casuarius ) , 1 of emus ( Dromaius ) ( another became extinct in historic times ) , 2 of rheas and 2 of ostrich . Recent research has indicated that paleognaths are monophyletic but the traditional taxonomic split between flightless and flighted forms is incorrect ; tinamous are within the ratite radiation , meaning flightlessness arose independently multiple times via parallel evolution . There are three extinct groups , the Lithornithiformes , the Dinornithiformes ( moas ) and the Aepyornithiformes ( elephant birds ) , that are undisputed members of Palaeognathae . There are other extinct birds which have been allied with the Palaeognathae by at least one author , but their affinities are a matter of dispute . The word Paleognath is derived from the ancient Greek for `` old jaws '' in reference to the skeletal anatomy of the palate , which is described as more primitive and reptilian than that in other birds . Paleognathous birds retain some basal morphological characters but are by no means living fossils as their genomes continued to evolve at the DNA level under selective pressure at rates comparable to the Neognathae branch of living birds , though there is some controversy about the precise relationship between them and the other birds . There are also several other scientific controversies about their evolution ( see below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f34c0b7f00cdb30701f3c736c6e4e9ec", "text": "Dryosaurus Dryosaurus ( -LSB- ˌdraɪoʊ-ˈsɔːrəs -RSB- ; meaning ` tree lizard ' , Greek δρυς / drys meaning ` tree , oak ' and σαυρος / sauros meaning ` lizard ' ; the name reflects the forested habitat , not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed ) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period . It was an iguanodont ( formerly classified as a hypsilophodont ) . Fossils have been found in the western United States ( and supposedly the Marnes de Bleville locality in Europe ) , and were first discovered in the late 19th century . Valdosaurus canaliculatus and Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki were both formerly considered to represent species of Dryosaurus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c64dd44e779cd04f88d16046eb946ee", "text": "Carnosaur (film) Carnosaur is a 1993 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Adam Simon . The film stars Diane Ladd , Raphael Sbarge , Jennifer Runyon , and Harrison Page . The film 's plot revolves around a mad scientist who plans to recreate dinosaurs and destroy humanity . The film is loosely based on the 1984 novel Carnosaur by John Brosnan ( under the pseudonym of Harry Adam Knight ) . The book and film have little in common , with the exception of the villain 's same basic motive , and the explicit gore and violence . It was the only film based on a Brosnan novel to be produced in America . The film was released to theaters on May 21 , 1993 by Concorde Films , just four weeks before the larger-scale blockbuster Jurassic Park . As a result , Carnosaur may be considered a `` mockbuster '' . Diane Ladd 's daughter Laura Dern was one of the stars of Jurassic Park . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 1,753,979 at the box office on a budget of $ 850,000 . Critical reception was poor however , with film critic Roger Ebert naming it the worst movie of 1993 . The film 's financial success spawned two official sequels , Carnosaur 2 in 1995 and Carnosaur 3 : Primal Species in 1996 . The second film fared poorly at the box office and the remainders were released direct-to-video . Stock footage from the first three films was used in the spin-offs Raptor and The Eden Formula .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb4e9b5c54cd34cc302b8e77f8521b6a", "text": "Tertiary Tertiary is the former term for the geologic period from 65 million to 2.58 million years ago , a time span that lies between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary . The Tertiary is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy , but the word is still widely used . The traditional span of the Tertiary has been divided between the Paleogene and Neogene Periods and extends to the first stage of the Pleistocene Epoch , the Gelasian stage . The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , at the start of the Cenozoic Era , and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167ef1145ce639e66afd5662123ff4ea", "text": "Evolution of birds The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period , with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropoda dinosaurs named Paraves . Birds are categorized as a biological class , Aves . The earliest known is Archaeopteryx lithographica , from the Late Jurassic period , though Archaeopteryx is not commonly considered to have been a true bird . Modern phylogenies place birds in the dinosaur clade Theropoda . According to the current consensus , Aves and a sister group , the order Crocodilia , together are the sole living members of an unranked `` reptile '' clade , the Archosauria . Four distinct lineages of bird survived the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event 66 million years ago , giving rise to ostriches and relatives ( Paleognathae ) , ducks and relatives ( Anseriformes ) , ground-living fowl ( Galliformes ) , and `` modern birds '' ( Neoaves ) . Phylogenetically , Aves is usually defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of a specific modern bird species ( such as the house sparrow , Passer domesticus ) , and either Archaeopteryx , or some prehistoric species closer to Neornithes ( to avoid the problems caused by the unclear relationships of Archaeopteryx to other theropods ) . If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae . Currently , the relationship between dinosaurs , Archaeopteryx , and modern birds is still under debate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7ccac40aca650d63c6ef6cbc9731c3", "text": "The Lincoln Hunters The Lincoln Hunters is a 1958 novel by Wilson Tucker . The novel , set in the year 2578 , details the story of a historian from the oppressive society of that year , who travels back in time to record Abraham Lincoln 's Lost Speech of May 19 , 1856 in Bloomington , Illinois . It contains a vivid description of Lincoln in the early stages of his career , seen through the eyes of a future American who feels that Lincoln and his time compare very favorably with the traveler 's own . The book is mentioned in 11/22/63 , a novel by Stephen King that also centers around time travel and an assassinated president . Furthermore , the protagonist springboards to 1958-the year `` Hunters '' first ran-to alter the timeline by 1963 . Category :1958 American novels Category :1950 s science fiction novels Category : American science fiction novels Category : Time travel novels Category : Novels by Wilson Tucker Category :1856 in fiction Category : Novels set in Illinois Category :26 th century in fiction Category : Fictional depictions of Abraham Lincoln in literature", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8e2b8fb3fa5543753f220f93ab72d8d", "text": "Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre) The Land of Legends , Centre for Historical-Archaeological Research and Communication ( in Danish `` Sagnlandet Lejre '' and formerly known as Lejre Experimental Centre ) is a 106-acre ( 43 hectare ) archaeological open-air museum situated in the Lejre Municipality , few kilometres west of Roskilde ( Denmark ) . Land of Legends was founded in 1964 by ethnologist Hans-Ole Hansen and comprise reconstructions of an Iron Age village and sacrificial bog ( 200 BC to 200 AD ) , a Viking market place ( 900 AD ) , a Stone Age campsite ( 5000 BC ) , an 18th-century farmstead and various grave monuments . The historical artisan workshops ( the pottery , the weaver 's workshop , the smithy ) work to reproduce ( pre - ) historical handicraft . Gardens , pastures and fields are the natural scenario of activities and reconstructions . At the Land of Legends Lejre , the activities for the public utilizes previous techniques , known from historical documents , archaeological evidence or experimental archaeology . Each summer many families spend a week of their holidays in the Iron Age village , the farm cottages and the Stone Age campsite . They dress in period costume and take on the role of peopling the reconstructed areas , while trying to live using the techniques of the past . Many archaeologists from all over the world come to the Land of Legends to perform their experiments , dealing with a broad variety of subjects and artifacts . For example , the Land of Legends has several times supported the experimental work of Errett Callahan , one of the world 's most recognised flintknappers . Around 55,000 tourists and school children visit Lejre each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1b68774b4cd3591a56b795e7997922", "text": "Nature Nurture Nature Nurture is the second studio album by British alternative rock band Dinosaur Pile-Up . The album was released on 17 June 2013 and 25 February 2014 in the United Kingdom and the United States , respectively . The album failed to chart in either of those countries . However , the band 's newfound popularity in Japan , along with the release of the Peninsula EP by A-Sketch months prior to the album 's 22 October 2014 release , saw it chart at # 168 in the country . The single `` Arizona Waiting '' reached # 68 on the Billboard Japan Radio Songs chart shortly after the album 's release . A-Sketch also released two `` Japan Limited '' music videos , both consisting of live performance footage , for `` Peninsula '' and `` Arizona Waiting . '' The song `` Peninsula '' was the most played song on SiriusXM 's Alt Nation channel for the week ending 27 February 2014 . The song `` Draw A Line '' was featured in the fifth episode of season 14 of Degrassi , in the scene where Eli punches Drew in the face .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce0bd491b1af0e28ee6070fb7fbe9bb", "text": "Dinosaur Hour is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Shioya . It features short stories about dinosaurs in humorous situations . It is unique for featuring chapters only 7 or 8 pages long . It started publication in 2004 , while the first ( and only ) volume was published in Japan in 2006 , and is published in Japan by Poplar Publishing . Viz Media has released this volume in English as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e76c4487d6742062d80f6863608fd", "text": "Ceratopsia Ceratopsia or Ceratopia ' ( -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə -RSB- Greek : `` horned faces '' ) is a group of herbivorous , beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America , Europe , and Asia , during the Cretaceous Period , although ancestral forms lived earlier , in the Jurassic . The earliest known ceratopsian , Yinlong downsi , lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago . The last ceratopsian species , Triceratops prorsus , became extinct during the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , . Early members of the ceratopsian group , such as Psittacosaurus , were small bipedal animals . Later members , including ceratopsids like Centrosaurus and Triceratops , became very large quadrupeds and developed elaborate facial horns and frills extending over the neck . While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from predators , they may also have been used for display , thermoregulation , the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above . Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter ( 3 ft ) and 23 kilograms ( 50 lb ) to over 9 meters ( 30 ft ) and 9,100 kg ( 20,100 lb ) . Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public . It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in '' - ceratops '' , although this is not always the case . One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself , which lent its name to the group , although it is considered a nomen dubium '' today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b43073814a4c1438395bfdf85b671bdd", "text": "Orphan An orphan ( from the ορφανός orphanós ) is a child whose parents are dead or have permanently abandoned the child . In common usage , only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan . When referring to animals , only the mother 's condition is usually relevant . If she has gone , the offspring is an orphan , regardless of the father 's condition . Those who have reached adulthood before their parents died are not called orphans ; the term is generally reserved for children whose parents have died while they are too young to support themselves .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7069a61d7c89dca8c583b810dbf6db38", "text": "Final Fantasy XII is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 2 home video console . Released in 2006 , it is the twelfth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game introduced several innovations to the series : an open world split into zones , a seamless battle system , a controllable camera , a customizable `` gambit '' system which lets the player control the artificial intelligence ( AI ) of characters in battle ; and a `` license '' system that determines which abilities and equipment are used by characters . Final Fantasy XII also includes elements from previous games in the series , such as Chocobos and Moogles . The game takes place in the fictional land of Ivalice , where the empires of Archadia and Rozarria are waging an endless war . Dalmasca , a small kingdom , is caught between the warring nations . When Dalmasca is annexed by Archadia , its princess , Ashe , creates a resistance movement . During the struggle , she meets Vaan , a young adventurer who dreams of becoming a sky pirate in command of an airship . They are quickly joined by a band of allies ; together , they rally against the tyranny of the Archadian Empire . Final Fantasy XII received critical acclaim , earning numerous `` Game of the Year '' awards in various categories from noted video game publications . Selling more than two million copies in Japan , it became the fourth best-selling PlayStation 2 game of 2006 worldwide . By November 2009 , over 6 million copies of the game were sold worldwide . A sequel , Final Fantasy XII : Revenant Wings , was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007 . A high-definition remaster of the International Zodiac Job System version , subtitled The Zodiac Age , will be released worldwide for the PlayStation 4 in July 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f3dce44f2afab363b83731b3fafcb353", "text": "Fan translation of video games In video gaming , a fan translation is an unofficial translation of a computer game or video game made by fans . The fan translation practice grew with the rise of video game console emulation in the late 1990s . A community of people developed that were interested in replaying and modifying the games they played in their youth . The knowledge and tools that came out of this community allowed them to work with translators to localize video game titles that had never been available outside of their original country of origin . Fan translations of video game console games are usually accomplished by modifying a single binary ROM image of the game . Fan translations of PC games , on the other hand , can involve translation of many binary files throughout the game 's directory which are packaged and distributed as fan patch . In dealing with translations of console games , a console emulator is generally utilized to play the final product , although unofficial hardware , hardware mods or software mods can be used to run the translated ROM image on its native hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbaa235194627ebe027f8a43d8b229", "text": "Mortal Kombat (2011 video game) Mortal Kombat is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . The game is the ninth main installment in the Mortal Kombat series and is a reboot of the franchise . The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 systems in April 2011 , and a PlayStation Vita port was released in May 2012 . An expanded version of the game , titled Mortal Kombat : Komplete Edition , was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in February 2012 and for Microsoft Windows in July 2013 . Although beginning during the events of Mortal Kombat : Armageddon , the plot is a retcon to the earliest period in the Mortal Kombat series , the events of Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat II and Mortal Kombat 3 ( as well as the latter title 's two updates ) . The storyline involves the divine protector of Earth , Raiden , attempting to change the aftermath of the events of Armageddon by contacting his past self as he faces defeat at the hands of the evil emperor of Outworld , Shao Kahn . While having characters and levels rendered in three-dimensions , the gameplay distances itself from the fully 3D graphics one seen in the last four games , bearing closer resemblance to that of the 2D era of the series , using a camera that is perpendicular to the two-dimensional playing field . Upon release , Mortal Kombat received very positive reviews and won several awards for fighting game of the year . It was also a commercial success , selling more than two million copies in the first month alone . Due to its extremely violent content , the game was banned in Australia due to the lack of appropriate ratings category , and South Korea , and it has been reportedly indexed in Germany ; the Australian ban was later lifted due to the introduction of an R18 classification and the game was released with many other R rated games in May 2014 . Mortal Kombat was followed by the sequel Mortal Kombat X in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "488d60d92260b94a598847cb99157895", "text": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms X Romance of the Three Kingdoms X , also known as Sangokushi X ( 三國志X ) in Japan , is the 10th installment in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms ( Sangokushi ) strategy game series by Koei . It was originally released in the summer of 2004 and the PUK expansion was released several months afterwards . Sangokushi X abandoned many of Sangokushi IX '' 's concepts and favors elements from Sangokushi VII and Sangokushi VIII , as well as Taikou Risshiden , which are in RPG format . There was also a special edition titled Anniversary Box '' , which included walkthrough , history book , soundtrack and desk calendar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdb581b86afde97cb9c085eae9a78035", "text": "Mega Man X6 Mega Man X6 , known as in Japan , is a video game developed and published by Capcom . It is the sixth main entry in the Mega Man X series . The game was first released on the PlayStation in Japan on November 29 , 2001 and was later made available in both North America and Europe . The plot of Mega Man X6 takes place during the 22nd century where humans and intelligent robots called `` Reploids '' live together . The game follows shortly after the events of Mega Man X5 in which planet Earth was devastated by an attack by the `` Maverick '' leader Sigma and the protagonist Zero sacrificed his own life to save it . As the world recovers , a Maverick known only as the `` Zero Nightmare '' has begun spreading chaos . Zero 's comrade Mega Man X , curious of its name , seeks out this new threat . Like past games in the series , Mega Man X6 is an action-platformer in which the player tackles a series of stages and adds the unique weapon of each boss to X 's arsenal . Prominent series artist and producer Keiji Inafune was not involved in the game 's production , as he had intended the fifth installment in the series to be the last with Zero 's death . Critically , Mega Man X6 has received mixed to positive reviews . The game was released for the Windows in different parts of Asia in 2002 and 2003 . It was also re-released in 2006 as part of the North American Mega Man X Collection for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 . Mega Man X6 was made available on the PlayStation Network as part of the PSOne Classics line on July 8 , 2015 in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b2bae011517761fd2c9bee18eace295", "text": "Myst V: End of Ages Myst V : End of Ages is a 2005 adventure video game , the fifth installment in the Myst series . The game was developed by Cyan Worlds , published by Ubisoft , and released for Macintosh and Windows PC platforms on September 20 , 2005 . As in previous games in the series , End of Agess gameplay consists of navigating worlds known as `` Ages '' via the use of special books and items which act as portals . On each Age , the player solves puzzles and discovers story clues hidden in the Ages or written down in diaries and journals . The player 's actions in the game decide the fate of the ancient D'ni civilization . In a departure from previous titles in the Myst series , End of Ages replaces pre-rendered environments with worlds rendered in real-time 3D graphics , allowing players to freely navigate the Ages . The faces of actors were digitally mapped onto three-dimensional character models to preserve realism . Cyan paid attention to making the game more accessible to new players by the addition of multiple methods of navigation and an in-game camera . Myst creator Rand Miller decided to give players the ability to decide the fates of the game 's characters as a gift to Myst fans . End of Ages was positively received upon release . Despite complaints such as lessened interactivity compared to previous games and poorer graphics , publications including Macworld , Computer Gaming World , and The Washington Post judged the game a fitting end to the series . After End of Agess release , Cyan abruptly announced the end of software development and the layoff of most of its staff , but was able to rehire much of the development team a few weeks later . Including End of Agess sales , the Myst franchise had sold more than 12 million copies by November 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c1c7f25996774666c125766d593923e", "text": "Video gaming in France Video gaming in France is one of the largest markets in Europe . The French government give special tax breaks to video game companies . In 2014 , the French diplomatic service released a report which calculates the profit generated by the French video game industry at $ 2.7 billion . It states that there are 300 video game companies in France . It estimates the number of jobs directly related to the video game industry at 5000 . It estimates the number of indirect jobs created by the video game industry at 10,000 . The report found that in 2013 , around 8 out of 10 people had played a video game in the last 12 months . In France video games have equal status as an artform , alongside more traditional formats like painting and theatre . In 2016 , the French Minister of State for Digital Affairs , Axelle Lemaire , held talks with various French video game industry figureheads to find solutions to the problem of misogyny in video games . She mooted solutions like removing tax credits for publishers who publish games with misogynistic content , and creating a label which would identify video games with positive representations of women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fab2f3e42c0888153977154198f18e6", "text": "Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy is a 2011 fighting game published by Square Enix for the PlayStation Portable as part of the Final Fantasy series . It was developed by the company 's 1st Production Department and released in Japan on March 3 , 2011 . The game is both a prequel and remake of Dissidia Final Fantasy , revealing what occurred before the events of its predecessor , and was released on March 22 , 2011 in North America . The game initially focuses on the twelfth war between the gods Chaos and Cosmos who have summoned several warriors from parallel worlds to fight for them . Upon ending the twelfth cycle , the game remakes the thirteenth war from the original Dissidia Final Fantasy and adds multiple sidestories . Fights in Dissidia 012 were given the ability to counteract enemies ' strongest attacks by using assisting characters , while navigation is now done through a traditional-styled Final Fantasy world map . Development of the game started in August 2009 with the Square staff wishing to improve the gameplay from the first game to provide players with more entertaining features as well as balance several parts . Dissidia 012 has been well received , with publications calling it one of the best PlayStation Portable games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5bdf8f714c8fe3d8edcc548c444e23", "text": "Megadimension Neptunia VII is a Japanese role-playing game in the Hyperdimension Neptunia series of role-playing games , for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows . It was released in Japan on April 23 , 2015 , North American territories on February 2 , 2016 , European territories on February 12 , 2016 and the Windows version was released on July 5 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dda844fe305ab809f7f6d7275f9a5b5f", "text": "Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a Darklord Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles : My Life as a Darklord , released in Japan as , is a tower defense video game developed and published by Square Enix for the Wii and distributed through the WiiWare download service . The game is part of the Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles series . The game follows the Darklord as she defends her mobile tower from waves of attacks as it travels across the kingdom . Unlike most tower defense games the game is played from a side view of the tower , as the player places units and traps to attempt to prevent enemies from reaching the top of the tower and the Dark Crystal kept there . The game received generally positive reviews , with critics generally praising the game 's gameplay and presentation while critiquing a perceived lack of depth to the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7853bff08cc75df8a081051455564a", "text": "List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas . While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41e1c8bc20b0e66ced4213db5576e1c4", "text": "List of Story of Seasons video games The Story of Seasons video game series was originally produced by Victor Interactive Software ( acquired by Marvelous Interactive in 2002 ) , with Natsume handling the English translation and distribution in North America . The series debuted in Japan on August 9 , 1996 with , which later was released in the North American and PAL regions as Harvest Moon . Story of Seasons is a series of farm simulation/role-playing video games where the main objective is to maintain a farm over a period of time , tending the crops and livestock throughout the seasons , while befriending the nearby townsfolk and getting married in some games . Story of Seasons titles have been released on numerous different video game consoles and handheld game consoles . Several titles have been re-released on multiple platforms as special editions which include an updated gameplay . Fourteen spin-off titles have been released , featuring related elements . One of these titles , Rune Factory : A Fantasy Harvest Moon , was released to mark the 10th anniversary of the Story of Seasons series . One reason the Story of Seasons series has remained popular is because of the unchanged core system of the games . According to Yasuhiro Wada , Story of Seasons lead designer , it has been the development team 's response to the audience 's requests which have allowed the series to maintain its popularity . Due to Natsume keeping the rights to the Harvest Moon name when Marvelous decided to have their own American division , XSEED Games , take over North American distribution , the latest title in the series had to change its name to Story of Seasons while Natsume took the opportunity to start making their own `` Harvest Moon '' games starting with Harvest Moon : The Lost Valley . This has caused some degree of confusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd77acd83737293dae492a8a96ae0af9", "text": "Music of Final Fantasy XIV The music for the MMORPG Final Fantasy XIV was composed by Nobuo Uematsu , a regular contributor to the music of the Final Fantasy series . Several other composers including Masayoshi Soken and Naoshi Mizuta contributed music for updates to the game . The music for the game 's reboot , Final Fantasy XIV : A Realm Reborn , was primarily composed by Soken , who was the sound director for both releases of the game . Music from both releases of the game has been released in several albums , though no album contains music from both XIV and A Realm Reborn . A pair of mini-albums containing a handful of selected tracks from XIV , Final Fantasy XIV : Battle Tracks and Final Fantasy XIV : Field Tracks , were released by Square Enix in 2010 when XIV first launched . A soundtrack album titled Final Fantasy XIV - Eorzean Frontiers , containing most of the music that had been released by that point for XIV , was digitally released in 2012 . A final soundtrack album for the original release of the game , Before Meteor : Final Fantasy XIV Original Soundtrack , was released in 2013 just before the launch of A Realm Reborn , and contains all of the music that was composed for XIV throughout its lifetime . The latest soundtrack album , Final Fantasy XIV : A Realm Reborn Original Soundtrack , was released in 2014 , and contains all of the music for A Realm Reborn released up to that point . The soundtracks for both releases of the game were well received by critics . Uematsu 's mix of orchestral and rock tracks for XIV were praised , though the delayed release of a full album drew criticism . Soken 's work on A Realm Reborn , including both his original tracks as well as themes carried over from XIV and previous Final Fantasy games , were heavily praised by reviewers for the game . Music from the initial release of the game has been played in the international Distant Worlds Final Fantasy concert series , and books of sheet music for piano arrangements of music from the game have been produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17dabc176e4e75f0d1b8c65be092a45c", "text": "Final Fantasy: Unlimited is an anime television series based on Square Enix 's popular Final Fantasy role-playing video game franchise . Final Fantasy : Unlimited incorporates both 2D animation and 3D graphics , and takes elements from the Final Fantasy games . It was licensed for North America and the United Kingdom by ADV Films , and 7 volumes of videos were released on DVD . In 2003 , the series soundtrack Final Fantasy : Unlimited After 2 was released . The continuation of the story has also been released in a variety of other media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0817dfcf6ce9774181f10e4f4df9cad4", "text": "Music of Final Fantasy I and II The music of the video games Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II was composed by regular series composer Nobuo Uematsu , who would go on to be the exclusive composer for the next seven Final Fantasy games . Although they were composed separately , music from the two games has only been released together . All Sounds of Final Fantasy I • II , a compilation of almost all of the music in the games , was released by DataM/Polystar in 1989 , and subsequently re-released by NTT Publishing in 1994 . Symphonic Suite Final Fantasy , an arranged album of music from the two games by Katsuhisa Hattori and his son Takayuki Hattori was released by DataM in 1989 , and re-released by NTT Publishing/Polystar in 1994 . Final Fantasy & Final Fantasy II Original Soundtrack , another arranged album , this time by Nobuo Uematsu and Tsuyoshi Sekito , was released in 2002 by DigiCube and again in 2004 by Square Enix . The music was well received by critics ; reviewers have praised the quality and power of the original pieces , and reacted favorably to the arranged soundtracks . Several tracks , especially `` Opening Theme '' , `` Main Theme '' and `` Matoya 's Cave '' , remain popular today , and have been performed numerous times in orchestral concert series , as well as having been published in arranged and compilation albums by Square Enix and outside groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5a962e90648a64d81fe0f0ff1e173a7", "text": "Final Fantasy: Brave Exvius is a free-to-play role-playing game developed by A-lim and published by Square Enix for iOS and Android devices . A spinoff of the Final Fantasy series , the game marks as the first collaborative effort between Square-Enix and both A-lim and Gumi . It was released in Japan in October 2015 , and worldwide in June 2016 . By the end of 2016 , the app had been downloaded over five million times worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9598f666c5f7a1250a375d38be87521", "text": "Final Fantasy XIII is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010 , it is the thirteenth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game includes fast-paced combat , a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called `` Crystarium '' , and a customizable `` Paradigm '' system to control which abilities are used by the characters . Final Fantasy XIII includes elements from the previous games in the series , such as summoned monsters , chocobos , and airships . The game takes place in the fictional floating world of Cocoon , whose government , the Sanctum , is ordering a purge of civilians who have supposedly come into contact with Pulse , the much-feared world below . The former soldier Lightning begins her fight against the government in order to save her sister who has been branded as an unwilling servant to a god-like being from Pulse , making her an enemy of Cocoon . Lightning is soon joined by a band of allies , and together the group also become marked by the same Pulse creature . They rally against the Sanctum while trying to discover their assigned task and whether they can avoid being turned into monsters or crystals at the completion . Development began in 2004 , and the game was first announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2006 . Final Fantasy XIII is the flagship title of the Fabula Nova Crystallis collection of Final Fantasy games and is the first game to use Square Enix 's Crystal Tools engine . Final Fantasy XIII received mostly positive reviews from video game publications , which praised the game 's graphics , presentation , and battle system . The game 's story received a mixed response from reviewers , and its linearity compared to previous games in the series was mostly criticized . Selling 1.7 million copies in Japan in 2009 , Final Fantasy XIII became the fastest-selling title in the history of the series . As of January 2013 , the game has sold over 6.6 million copies worldwide . The Microsoft Windows version has sold over 700,000 copies according to SteamSpy . A sequel , titled Final Fantasy XIII-2 , was released in December 2011 in Japan and in February 2012 in North America and PAL regions . A second sequel , titled Lightning Returns : Final Fantasy XIII , which concludes Lightning 's story and the Final Fantasy XIII saga , was released in November 2013 in Japan and in February 2014 in North America and PAL regions . In September 2014 , Square Enix announced the Final Fantasy XIII series has been widely successful and has shipped over 11 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0da4fadb218ae708d767ce878b6fb44", "text": "37Games 37Games ( officially Sanqi Interactive Entertainment ) is an international browser and mobile game developer and publisher . Its gaming platform covers North America , Europe , mainland China , Hong Kong , Taiwan , South Korea , and several Southeast Asia countries such as Malaysia , Thailand , Vietnam , Philippines and Singapore . 37Games is registered in Shanghai and has branch offices in Beijing , Guangzhou , Chengdu , Hong Kong , and Taiwan . In 2014 , 37Games went public on China 's A-Share stock market ( Stock code : 002555 ) . 37Games currently has more than 2000 employees . 37Games ranks no. 23rd amongst top 100 internet companies in China in 2015 . 37Games is also the second biggest browser game platform behind Tencent , taking 13.3 % in the Chinese browser game market share . By February 28 , 2015 , the registrations in Mainland China alone had exceeded 400 millions . 37Games ' mainland China website operates over 300 games with monthly revenues exceeding 220 million CNY . 37Games is also the founder and host of the Chinese International Game Conference , which aims at providing a communication platform for gaming companies from around the globe . 37Games English platform currently has 9 browser-based games and 1 mobile game available.The growing portfolio includes browser games Guardians of Divinity , Felspire , Nightfalls , Siegelord and the mobile game Fusion War . 37Games also publishes games in the French market with Dawn Of Kings ( Siegelord ) , Le Crépuscule des dieux ( Guardians Of Divinity ) and Felspire , and in the German market and Turkish language speaking market . In the first half of 2016 , 37Games 's Portuguese platform will go live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b14b2920e4401c45831c189eb90b67a9", "text": "Daily fantasy sports Daily fantasy sports ( DFS ) are a subset of fantasy sport games . As with traditional fantasy sports games , players compete against others by building a team of professional athletes from a particular league or competition while remaining under a salary cap , and earn points based on the actual statistical performance of the players in real-world competitions . Daily fantasy sports are an accelerated variant of traditional fantasy sports that are conducted over short-term periods , such as a week or single day of competition , as opposed to those that are played across an entire season . Daily fantasy sports are typically structured in the form of paid competitions typically referred to as a `` contest '' ; winners receive a share of a pre-determined pot funded by their entry fees . A portion of entry fee payments go to the provider as rake revenue . In the United States , the daily fantasy sports industry is dominated by two competing services : the New York-based FanDuel , and the Boston-based DraftKings . Both companies were established as venture capital-backed startup companies , received funding from investment firms , sports broadcasters , leagues , and team owners , and became known for the aggressive marketing of their services . As of September 2015 , both companies have an estimated value of at least $ 1 billion , and control 95 % of the U.S. DFS market . The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services , such as Fantasy Aces and Yahoo! Sports . The popularity of the daily fantasy format has been credited to its convenience in comparison to season-length games , as well as the focus on major cash prizes in the promotion of these services . Daily fantasy has also been credited with helping to improve television viewership and engagement with sports . Daily fantasy sports have faced notable legal challenges , including disputes over whether DFS constitutes gambling . Politicians and other critics have argued that due to their format , players are essentially making proposition wagers on the varying performance of individual athletes in specific games , and not managing the performance of their selections on a week-to-week basis . Proponents have defended DFS as being a game of skill , as the required familiarity with the players and teams , as well as salary cap management , rewards skilled players . Local laws have varying definitions of gambling games , such as whether a game 's elements of chance are predominant over those or skill , or how much control the player has over the outcome of the game . In the United States , the legality of DFS has been determined on a state-by-state basis based on local gambling laws and other rulings . The federal Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act ( UIEGA ) contains language dictating that fantasy sports are not considered an unlawful wager under the act ; however , the act only prohibits the electronic transfer of funds from unlawful gambling as defined under state laws . A number of state attorneys general have issued opinions concluding that DFS is a form of illegal gambling , while the state of Nevada declared that DFS games must be licensed as a sports pool . The New York State ruling , which resulted from an investigation of DFS services after it was alleged that employees working for DraftKings and FanDuel had used inside information to win cash prizes from each other , spawned retaliatory lawsuits from the companies which alleged that the rulings were the result of a misinterpretation of the nature of their services . The state has since joined other states , such as Massachusetts and Virginia , in choosing to legalize and regulate DFS rather than prohibit it .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "167e38717e13d5bb7935e30272417345", "text": "Nick Nolte Nicholas King Nolte ( born February 8 , 1941 ) is an American actor and former model . He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1991 film The Prince of Tides . He went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction ( 1998 ) and Warrior ( 2011 ) . His other film appearances include The Deep ( 1977 ) , 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , Down and Out in Beverly Hills ( 1986 ) , Another 48 Hrs . ( 1990 ) , Everybody Wins ( 1990 ) , Cape Fear ( 1991 ) , Lorenzo 's Oil ( 1992 ) , The Thin Red Line ( 1998 ) , Hulk ( 2003 ) , The Good Thief ( 2003 ) , Hotel Rwanda ( 2004 ) , Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) , A Walk in the Woods ( 2015 ) and The Ridiculous 6 ( 2015 ) . He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves ( 2016 -- present ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0babed8750762237a7ebdadb4ce982c5", "text": "Nick Sibbeston Nick G. Sibbeston ( born November 21 , 1943 ) is a Canadian Senator . He attended residential school in Fort Simpson , Providence , Inuvik , and Yellowknife , and the University of Alberta where he graduated with Bachelor of Arts and Law degrees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22444f344ba080f64ea548b96ddc988", "text": "Nick Records Nick Records ( also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music ) is the record label for the children 's television channel Nickelodeon . The label featured new and emerging young musical artists , `` triple threat '' singers who would also act and dance on the network 's series , and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94b1d577d9ce727bf4729249173ac49", "text": "Charles Nolte Charles Nolte ( November 3 , 1923 -- January 14 , 2010 ) was an American actor and educator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080bdd1c44087d3015f2d11a0e36c1b2", "text": "KL-43 The KL-43 is a portable , electronic cipher device used by the United States and the NATO from the early 1980s . The machine , manufactured by TRW , is an adaptation of language translator technology , and includes a keyboard for input and an LCD for output . It also contains a built-in modem , a telephone coupler , and the facility for connecting to a printer . A version of the KL-43 was famously used by Oliver North to communicate with his assistant , Fawn Hall , and others while managing clandestine operations in Nicaragua in support of the `` Contra '' rebels . The device was paraded in front of cameras during the Iran-Contra congressional hearings . There are a number of variations of the KL-43 , including the following : KL-43A - early model . KL-43C - a tactical rugged version from the 1980s . KL-43D - mid-production and most common version with small keyboard ( original cost ca . US$ 300 ) . KL-43E - full-size keyboard model for high volume office operations ( original cost below US$ 1000 ) . KL-43F - most recent tactical version for wired and wireless networks made by EPI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1627cbd0d8711b48d24196ec4fd08006", "text": "Merv Riepe Mervin Merle Riepe ( born July 16 , 1942 ) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States . In 2014 , he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature , representing a district in the Omaha metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daf650bb10bc25cacc212da733aab191", "text": "Nick Ede Nick Ede ( born 1973 ) is an award winning Scottish public relations and brand consultant and television presenter . He runs the London-based PR agency www.eastofeden.london and he lives in Hackney . He is a well respected Philanthropist and charity activist . Ede was born in Edinburgh , where he attended Edinburgh Academy . He studied at Glasgow School of Art and Bretton Hall College in Leeds . He moved to Stoke Newington in 1996 to try to become an actor , but his mother died from a stroke in 1997 when he was 22 and he moved back to Edinburgh . He did work for the Stroke Foundation and joined Apollo Leisure in marketing , before moving back to Hackney in 1998 to become head of entertainment at Lastminute.com . In 2000 he became a marketing manager at Mondi Associates , then in 2001 he became head of packages at ATC Management . In 2003 , he did six months work experience at Shine Television , including co-presenting The Russell Grant Show on Sky One . Shortly afterwards , actress Jennifer Ellison asked him to host a party to highlight her appearance on Hell 's Kitchen , which was his introduction to PR work . He launched Eden Lifestyle in 2004 , then worked with Nick Fulford , merging their businesses in 2006 . He was named Scottish Communicator of the Year at the 2009 Scottish Fashion Awards . He has appeared on Project Catwalk since 2008 ( gaining the nickname `` the Simon Cowell of fashion '' ) , Diet on the Dancefloor and Lorraine Kelly 's morning show LK Today . He holds an annual celebrity fundraising night for the Stroke Association called `` A Night with Nick '' , and is a patron for Jeans for Genes ; his father , Donald Ede , was a developmental geneticist . Nick created the campaign styleforstroke which has fans including Mel B , Kelly Osbourne , Lilah Parsons , Sarah Hardin , Ashley James , Vogue Williams and many more . He has been instrumental is creating the Global Gift Gala platform with the philanthropist Eva Longoria and Maria Bravo . He is openly gay . Nick is a columnist for Www.caledonista.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1883ab54abfbc3b71f0be41500a53fd5", "text": "It's That Man Again (film) It 's That Man Again is a 1943 British comedy film directed by Walter Forde and starring Tommy Handley , Greta Gynt and Jack Train . It was based on the successful radio show It 's That Man Again . In the film , the mayor of a small town lends his assistance to some drama students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc202f22ac290fe7afa5dc8bc783d042", "text": "Q&A (film) Q & A is a 1990 American crime film written and directed by Sidney Lumet , based on a novel by New York State Supreme Court judge Edwin Torres . It stars Nick Nolte , Timothy Hutton and Armand Assante .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e209e445673cc7f9dd8fe4216e2f52", "text": "Operation Chastise Operation Chastise was an attack on German dams carried out on 16 -- 17 May 1943 by Royal Air Force No. 617 Squadron , subsequently publicised as the `` Dam Busters '' , using a specially developed `` bouncing bomb '' invented and developed by Barnes Wallis . The Möhne and Edersee Dams were breached , causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr valley and of villages in the Eder valley ; the Sorpe Dam sustained only minor damage . Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more were damaged . Factories and mines were also either damaged or destroyed . An estimated 1,600 civilians drowned : about 600 Germans and 1,000 mainly Soviet forced-labourers . The damage was mitigated by rapid repairs by the Germans , but production did not completely return to normal until September .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "741a94f0b1e05d27c74e2dc78e83ad30", "text": "List of American films of 1943 '' A list of American films released in 1943 . Casablanca won Best Picture at the Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07bca30600b664792cfb894febf67014", "text": "Song of Texas Song of Texas is a 1943 American film starring Roy Rogers , originally released by Republic Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471dfc6f1e5e254d72aa1a99f2ba9a19", "text": "Beaver & Krause Beaver & Krause were a musical duo made up of Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause . Their 1967 album The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music was a pioneering work in the electronic music genre . Beaver introduced Monkees singer-drummer Micky Dolenz to the Moog , which became a featured instrument on the fourth Monkees album , Pisces , Aquarius , Capricorn & Jones Ltd. , and Beaver himself performed on one track , `` Star Collector '' in 1967 . In addition , he led workshops at the Beaver & Krause LA studio attended by a who 's who of film composers and session keyboardists of the time . In June 1967 , Beaver and Krause set up a booth at the Monterey Pop Festival , demonstrating their newly purchased electronic synthesiser , one of the first constructed by Bob Moog . Thanks to their demonstrations of the Moog at Monterey , Beaver and Krause also introduced the instrument to a number of other leading American pop acts including The Doors , Simon & Garfunkel and The Byrds , helping to create the vogue for the Moog that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Krause introduced the instrument first to Sir George Martin , producer of the Beatles , and then to George Harrison during Harrison 's 1968 visit to California while producing the Apple artist , Jackie Lomax . He used it to generate his 1969 free-form solo Electronic Sound album for Apple Records ' spinoff label Zapple , with the first side of the disc consisting of not only Krause 's composition , but also his performance -- one that remained completely unacknowledged and uncompensated for . In 1968 , Beaver and Krause released an album for Mercury Records imprint Limelight Records , Ragnarok , then released a series of three albums for Warner Brothers Records , In a Wild Sanctuary ( 1970 ) , Gandharva ( 1971 ) and All Good Men ( 1972 ) , effectively creating both the electronica and New Age musical movements . The final chord of the track `` Spaced '' from their album , In a Wild Sanctuary , is abnormally similar to the later synthesizer THX Sound Logo heard for years in movie theaters and named deep note . The THX performance conveniently begins on the same first note ( a G pedal tone ) , splits into an 8-tone glissando with four notes rising and four descending , and ends on the same open ( D Major ) chord . Despite THX 's contention that it was not directly influenced by Beaver and Krause , no other musical rendering of that kind can be found over the entire course of musical history . Both Mike Bloomfield and Ronnie Montrose played guitar on the Beaver & Krause song `` Saga Of The Blue Beaver '' . The duo ended with Beaver 's premature death in January , 1975 , at age 49 . Krause released at least two more solo albums : Citadels of Mystery in 1979 and Gorillas in the Mix in 1988 . He also scored music and/or effects for many movies like Apocalypse Now on synthesizer . In 1995 Krause released an album of Holiday music with Phil Aaberg composed entirely of sampled animal noises recorded in the wild titled A Wild Christmas . Since earning his Ph.D. in Creative ( Sound ) Arts with an internship in bioacoustics ( 1981 ) , Krause has specialized almost exclusively in the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes from wild habitats worldwide and has been a major influence in the introduction to bioacoustics of the fields of soundscape ecology and ecoacoustics . In 2014 , Krause collaborated with Richard Blackford , former composer-in-residence at Balliol College Oxford , to compose a symphony titled , The Great Animal Orchestra Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes , commissioned and performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales . Echoing the pioneering ecoacoustic approach in Beaver & Krause 's In A Wild Sanctuary , the symphony featured the first full orchestration combining wild soundscapes performed live as a component of orchestration . In 2015 , Blackford and Krause were commissioned by the Alonzo King LINES Ballet , an internationally known corps based in San Francisco , to score the ballet , Biophony , which premiered in April of that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d569bbb34b77aacbd17ad6eb2c49055", "text": "Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John `` Nick '' Hornby ( born 17 April 1957 ) is an English novelist , essayist , lyricist , and screenwriter . He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy '' , all of which were adapted into feature films . Hornby 's work frequently touches upon music , sport , and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists . His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6520a1820c84afa526d24a21c5374fe9", "text": "Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker . His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival . Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG . Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others . Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits . Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others . Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats . Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4da01f5de0276c1cdb7c8f92666f5529", "text": "Dave Nickerson Dave Nickerson ( born April 30 , 1944 ) was politician from Northwest Territories , Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42e2f6944c873deb43de8431c00aa8c9", "text": "The Man from Down Under The Man from Down Under is an American 1943 drama film starring Charles Laughton as a man who raises two war orphans . It was called `` Hollywood 's first full-length film dealing exclusively with Australia and Australians '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b68ee96bfbf264e3eab14e4efd69435d", "text": "King of the Cowboys King of the Cowboys is a 1943 film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers and Smiley Burnette . It is set in Texas during World War II .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "17fbd8f66111ebe82eda16aaf290921e", "text": "Eminem Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Eminem ( often stylized as EMINƎM ) , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor . Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States . Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist . Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists . Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop . After his debut album Infinite ( 1996 ) and the Slim Shady EP ( 1997 ) , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs . They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success . Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 . Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year ( after The Eminem Show ) . Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 . In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 . He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent . Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio . In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award . Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash ( 2001 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , The Interview ( 2014 ) and the television series Entourage ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f", "text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429c72b2e8e25e8bc60aaaa0b2d331d3", "text": "Arts Midwest Arts Midwest , headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , is one of six not-for-profit regional arts organizations created to `` encourage development of the arts and to support arts programs on a regional basis . '' Arts Midwest 's mission is to `` promote creativity , nurture cultural leadership , and engage people in meaningful arts experiences , bringing vitality to Midwest communities and enriching people 's lives . '' Arts Midwest is primarily funded by the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) , and is charged with supporting artists and arts organizations , and providing assistance to its nine member states of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2d09ee82a12e6bc109c52425f3a4140", "text": "The Prime Movers (Michigan band) The Prime Movers were a blues band based in the Ann Arbor , Michigan , formed in 1965 . The band originally consisted of Michael Erlewine ( lead singer , harmonica ) , Dan Erlewine ( lead guitar ) , Robert Sheff ( keyboards ) , Robert Vinopal ( bass ) , and Michael `` Spider '' Wynn ( drums ) . Vinopal left soon after the band 's formation and was replaced by Jack Dawson . Wynn left a short time later and was replaced by James Osterberg , who would later become famous as Iggy Pop . When he joined the Prime Movers Osterberg took the name `` Iggy '' , from his previous band The Iguanas . The Prime Movers played throughout the Midwest . In 1966 , the band frequented blues clubs in Chicago where they saw blues legends like Little Walter , Magic Sam , Big Walter Horton , and many other bluesmen perform live . Courted by a subsidiary of Motown Records who wanted to promote them as a white group playing `` black '' music , the band refused to cooperate , preferring to study and perform classic Chicago-style blues than to record songs that were fed to them by Motown . A consequence of this is that they were not professionally recorded . ( Recordings made by the band and fans surfaced years later , including a recording of Iggy Pop singing the Muddy Waters song `` I 'm a Man . '' ) The Prime Movers played a significant part in helping to host the first two Ann Arbor Blues Festivals , in 1969 and 1970 , which were the first ( and largest ) blues festivals ( in terms of the number of great bluesman who performed ) in the U.S. Michael Erlewine interviewed dozens of the performers , and the spirit of these early festivals carried over into the Ann Arbor Blues & Jazz Festival in 1972 , 1973 , and 1974 . Members of the band were also involved in the 1972 festival . As time passed , the Prime Movers became kind of the elder statesmen in the burgeoning Ann Arbor music scene , working with the younger groups , and playing with visiting artists like Jerry Garcia . They frequently shared the bill with the MC5 . In the Midwest , the band played at Detroit clubs like the Grande Ballroom , the Living End , the Chessmate , and the Wisdom Tooth . They also appeared frequently at Mother Blues in Chicago as well as other Michigan clubs like the 5th Dimension , Mothers , Schwaben Inn , Depot House , Town Bar , and Clint 's Club , and Mr. Flood 's Party . In 1967 , the band toured the West Coast and spent the Summer of Love in San Francisco , living at the Sausalito Heliport , and playing at places like The Matrix , The Straight Theater , the Haight A , New Orleans House , and the Fillmore West , where they opened for Cream . Iggy Pop was replaced by Jesse Crawford in early 1967 . Crawford later became famous as the MC for the MC5 , belting out the phrase `` Kick out the jams , Motherfucker ... '' that kicked off their shows . The band went through some 37 members , and broke up by 1970 . The Erlewine brothers continued to play around the Ann Arbor area for some years after that . Michael Erlewine had a solo piano act as late as 1971 , and went on to found the popular All-Music Guide , while Dan Erlewine became an accomplished luthier and prolific author on guitar repair , notably for Guitar Player magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d155668c869b39ee8be8cf74aa5f690d", "text": "D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48494b72a9319102970f186ecc6923a4", "text": "Cashis Ramone Johnson , better known by his stage name Cashis ( stylized as Ca $ his ) , is an American rapper who was born and raised in Chicago , but moved to Irvine , California . He was most notably featured on the Shady Records album Eminem Presents : The Re-Up with Eminem and the record label , and released The County Hound EP in 2007 . The County Hound EP sold 6,700 copies in its first week and debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 106 . He 's best known for appearing on Eminem 's song , `` You Do n't Know '' , featuring 50 Cent and Lloyd Banks . In August 2011 on his mixtape Rooftop Series Vol .1 , in the intro , Cashis revealed that he was leaving Shady Records , but is remaining with Bogish Brand Entertainment . After many delays , his solo debut album , The Art of Dying , was released independently on October 30 , 2012 , but failed to chart . On October 15 , 2013 , he released his second studio album The County Hound 2 , which contained significant production from Eminem and was supported by five retail singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4a6c5d4e21fa7a36cbd272c4cfb842", "text": "Paul Methric Paul Robert Methric is an American rapper and producer from Detroit , Michigan , well known as Monoxide Child of the rap group Twiztid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "502d6a44482dc458f8b66b9b002985e2", "text": "We're All in the Same Gang `` We 're All in the Same Gang '' is a 1990 single by the West Coast Rap All-Stars , a collaboration of West Coast hip-hop artists who assembled for this song , which promoted an anti-violence message . Produced by Dr. Dre , the song featured rhymed lyrics from the following : King Tee Body & Soul ( including Dee Barnes ) Def Jef Michel ` le Tone-Loc Above the Law Ice-T Dr. Dre , MC Ren and Eazy-E of N.W.A J.J. Fad Young MC Digital Underground ( Money-B and Shock G ) Oaktown 's 3.5.7 MC Hammer On the B-side was the Radio Special version of the single ( trimmed down to 4 minutes with the exclusion of Def Jef , Above The Law , JJ Fad , Oaktown 's 3.5.7 . , and MC Hammer ) , and the song `` Tellin ' Time ( Mike 's Rap ) '' , produced by Shock G and featuring Dr. Dre and Michael Concepcion , the executive producer of the project . N.W.A. , Michel ` le , Above the Law and J.J. Fad all recorded for Eazy-E and Jerry Heller 's Ruthless Records . In 1991 , the song was nominated at the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de", "text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5b5458363fcf3093eb5a1dd836afe65", "text": "Top Authority Top Authority was one of the first rap groups from Flint , Michigan and among the earliest of the underground Midwest rap scene to release a nationally recognized album . Bootleg , a member of the slightly later Flint group The Dayton Family , told Murderdog magazine , `` We grew up together , same hood . We 'd be together every day . That 's family . '' He lists them as leading lights in Flint music , along with acts like Ready for the World and MC Breed . Rapper Chilla Pertilla defined Northern hip hop to Murderdog as `` Eminem , Twista , Bone , Breed , Dayton Family , Top Authority , Esham , and ICP '' . They first came to public attention with the single `` 93 ( Things Ai n't How They Should Be ) '' from the debut album Something To Blaze To ( TRAK Records , 1993 ) . Something To Blaze To reached # 21 on Billboard 's Top R&B Albums chart in April 1994 . The `` rolling g-funk trio '' ( as allmusic describe members Shotgun , Dalo and Flex ) followed up with Rated G for Wrap Records in 1995 . It featured scratches from DJ Aladdin and reached # 16 on the Top R&B Albums chart . allmusic considers 1997 's Top Authority Uncut ( The New Year ) to be their best release . It peaked at # 21 , with the single `` World War III '' charting at # 37 on Billboard 's Hot Rap Singles . In 2009 Top Authority returned with their fourth album , kush music , on which MC Breed and Do or Die make guest appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a965e2b8b20ccf541b0492a3d85b5b", "text": "Smack That `` Smack That '' is a song by American singer/songwriter Akon from his second studio album Konvicted ( 2006 ) . The song , which features a guest appearance from American rapper Eminem , was written by Akon , Mike Strange , Luis Resto and Eminem , with the latter also helming the song 's production . The collaboration came after the two artists meet during a recording session for a Shady Records artist . The song received praise from contemporary music critics for being a great club song . `` Smack That '' was released as the first single from Konvicted on September 26 , 2006 . Commercially , the song reached number one on ten record charts and peaked inside the top ten in nine , including the Billboard Hot 100 , where it peaked at number two . It received several gold and platinum certifications and sold over 3 million downloads in the United States . The song earned a Grammy nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6716f8a9bf0d4e5bc1fa66805e915d34", "text": "Wu-Syndicate Wu-Syndicate is a group from Virginia consisting of Joe Mafia , Napoleon , and Myalansky ( who named himself after the gangster Meyer Lansky ) . They were originally called Crime Syndicate but changed their name to Wu-Syndicate when they signed to Wu-Tang Records and became Wu-Tang Clan affiliates . After debuting on the compilation Wu-Tang Killa Bees : The Swarm in 1998 , their self-titled debut album Wu-Syndicate was released in 1999 on both Wu-Tang Records and their own label Slot Time Records . The album was , like most releases from Wu-Tang Clan affiliates during this time enjoyed moderately successful sales with the single `` Where Wuz Heaven '' going gold . Soon after the release there was a dispute of an unknown origin between the group and Wu-Tang Records and the group briefly changed their name to The Syndicate until 2009 with eventual reconciliation and the release of their second official album Grimlenz , produced mostly by Antagonist Dragonspit of Virginia Beach , VA. . Both Myalansky and Napoleon continue to work with Joe Mafia but have refused to work with each other since the release of their first album . In an interview Napoleon stated that though they have always clashed , `` Mya is still my dude though regardless '' . The group has maintained ties with various members of the Wu-Tang Family . Napoleon is currently working on a project with fellow Wu-Tang alumni Solomon Childs , Shaka Amazulu , and Dexter Wiggle called `` Illuminati Network '' . Joe Mafia released his debut solo album This One in 2002 and founded his own label called 58 West Diamond Street Records . Napoleon released his first solo album , Kingpin Wit Da Inkpen in 2007 and a mixtape titled Mark of the Beast in 2011 . Myalansky released his first solo album , Drastic Measures in 2008 and a mixtape a few years later in 2011 AMW.Com . Myalansky has also been working with California rapper Mitchy Slick and has released two more volumes of his AMW.Com mixtape series . In 2013 Myalansky and Joe Mafia featured on the song `` Golden Age Rapper '' by CHG Unfadable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99b3c22b3ef427424a228982a2056ded", "text": "Ego Trippin' (Part Two) `` Ego Trippin ' ( Part Two ) '' is a 1994 single by the group , De La Soul , and the second single to be released from the group 's 1993 album , Buhloone Mindstate . The song ( and its music video ) were a scathing parody on gangsta rap complete with `` hardcore '' screaming . The video caught the attention of rappers such as Ice Cube and Tupac Shakur , the latter taking exception to the video showing a rapper splashing around in a pool similar to Shakur 's own video for his song entitled `` I Get Around '' . The song features vocal contributions from Philadelphia rapper Shorty No Mas who also appeared in the video . The screaming heard in the intro and outro of the album mix of `` Ego Trippin ' ( Part Two ) '' is missing from the `` Original Version '' on the single . The cover artwork is a tribute to the hip-hop concert flyers of the late 1970s and early 1980s . The song utilizes music samples taken from the songs of other artists including Al Hirt 's track , `` Harlem Hendoo '' , from his 1967 album entitled Soul in the Horn . The song never actually had a `` Part One '' . The `` Part Two '' in the title is a reference to Ultramagnetic MCs ' `` Ego Trippin ' '' . However , as a parody of gangsta rap , it was preceded by De La Soul 's own `` Afro Connections at a Hi 5 ( In the Eyes of a Hoodlum ) '' from their 1991 album , De La Soul is Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40e532b77d11423f9554977093158f9", "text": "Hip Hop Galsen Following an historical process of appropriation of American popular music by Senegal , For e.g. Jazz as well as Latin American music such as salsa or pachanga were popular in Senegalese cities from the 1940s and until recently . Hip Hop emerged in the Senegalese capital city in the early mid - 1980s . Although Hip Hop Galsen is now famous for its diverse musical productions , the movement there spread out from its dancing appeal rather than from its musical one . Indeed , Senegalese hip hop artists initially participated in this movement as smurfer , breakdancer , B-Boy in general performing during organised podiums . Schools , nightclubs and other temporary public stages thus played an essential role in amplifying this movement in Dakar . Besides , and in contrast to American Hip Hop , which grew from the youth in the inner city ghettos , Hip Hop in Dakar began among a somehow middle-class youth who was able to access and/or introduce in their home place new ideas and new cultural expressions coming from abroad . Indeed , Hip Hop became popular in the capital city through the intensive though informal circulation of VH7 cassettes and recorded videos , which were imported from USA ( Africa Bambaataa ) or France ( hip hop dance TV show ` HIPHOP ' animated by Sydney ) by diaspora people . Quickly , podiums enlarged their performances from dancers only to rappers as well . It was a time when soon-to-be hip hop artists were still mimicking American artists they actively used to listen to such Africa Bambaataa , Grandmaster Flash , Furious Five , Delight , Doug E. Fresh or Public Enemy for the most well-known . Indeed , rap , the MC performance , was still then a phonetic repetition , a copycatting of either American rappers or , with Hip Hop booming in France in the 1980s , of French hip hop artists such as Assassin , NTM , IAM or Mc Solaar . Without the real capacity for translating the movement and its expressions in Senegalese terms yet , the mid-1980s in Dakar were however definitively hip hop . And whenever the classical hip hop film Beat Street was circulating in local cinemas , young people were following the movie from showroom to showroom in order to view it again and again and to know by heart the famous lyrics of Grandmaster Flash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24a8fc4d6225349af9d10b49843a427e", "text": "Lawless Element Lawless Element is an underground hip hop duo from Detroit , Michigan . The duo is composed of cousins Griot ( West African for `` Storyteller '' , born Alfred Austin ) as emcee and Magnif ( born Kavi Tapsico ) as DJ , producer and emcee . The duo of Magnif and Griot became engulfed in hip hop culture at the ages of 6 and 9 , and spent their teenage years honing their skills on the production boards and on the microphone . At the ages of 16 and 19 , the duo released their first single , titled `` Mic Check '' , in 2003 on Running Man Records . The next year , the duo hooked up with fellow Detroit native , producer J Dilla , to release the single `` The Shining '' . In early 2005 , LE worked with Dilla 's Jaylib partner Madlib on the single `` High '' , which landed them a deal with popular independent rap label Babygrande Records . Their debut album , Soundvision : In Stereo , was released in September 2005 to generally positive reviews . Soundvision featured production from Magnif , J Dilla and Madlib and guest appearances from Dilla , Melanie Rutherford , Phat Kat , Big Tone , P.Dot , SelfSays and Diverse . `` Rules Pt . 2 '' was the album 's lead single , and also became the duo 's first music video . URB magazine gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and stated that it was `` Heavily influenced by the golden age of De La Soul , Pete Rock and DJ Premier '' and that it featured `` 12 top-shelf tracks '' The album also earned the duo Featured Artist status on the Okayplayer website . Magnif has continued production work for a number of other underground acts , and released a mixtape titled SupaBeatMaker in late 2005 . The duo has announced plans for their second album , tentatively titled Evil , scheduled for released in 2008 on Babygrande Records . Magnif is also planning the release of a full-length production and solo album .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9eae43ec01cafa88873a4d45f155a3f6", "text": "Daniela Hantuchová Daniela Hantuchová ( -LSB- ˈdaɲiela ˈɦantuxoʋaː -RSB- ; born 23 April 1983 ) is a Slovak tennis player . She turned professional in 1999 and had her breakthrough year in 2002 , when she won her first WTA tournament , the Indian Wells Masters , defeating Martina Hingis in the final and becoming the lowest-ranked player to ever win the tournament . She also reached the quarterfinals of that year 's Wimbledon Championship and US Open , ending the year in the top 10 . She was part of the Slovak team that won the 2002 Fed Cup and the 2005 Hopman Cup . Hantuchová reached her highest ranking , fifth , in January 2003 , after reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open . She has gone on to win a further seven WTA tournaments , including the Indian Wells Masters for a second time in 2007 and most recently the 2015 Thailand Open . She also reached the semifinals of the Australian Open in 2008 , the furthest she has progressed in a Grand Slam . She is the most successful Slovak tennis player of all time and became only the 37th woman in the Open Era to reach 500 career wins when she beat Laura Robson in the second round of the Aegon Classic in June 2013 . Hantuchová is also an accomplished doubles player . In 2005 , she completed the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles , becoming only the fifth female tennis player to do so . She won the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2001 with Leoš Friedl , at the Australian Open in 2002 with Kevin Ullyett , at the French Open in 2005 with Fabrice Santoro and at the US Open in 2005 with Mahesh Bhupathi . She has also reached the finals of the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2002 with Ullyett and the finals of the women 's doubles at the Australian Open in 2002 with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario , at the French Open in 2006 with Ai Sugiyama and at the Australian Open in 2009 with Sugiyama . Since December 2014 Hantuchová has been coached by Carlos Rodríguez . Her WTA Tour mentor in the `` Partners for Success '' program was Martina Navratilova , who was her doubles partner for a brief period in early 2005 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a9761e086ec0b890b6ce4c7e8f3c3cdd", "text": "Neva Cup The Neva Cup ( previously known as the Kivenappa Ladies ' Cup ) is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hard courts . The event is classified as a $ 100,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Saint Petersburg , Russia , since 2012 . In 2016 , the tournament moved from the outdoor clay courts of the Children 's Tennis Center to the indoor hard courts of Tennis Center Dinamo . In 2017 tournament upgraded to WTA 125K series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7877d3c3ccaf9fc8e186e42dfeab4d1", "text": "Almaty Cup The Almaty Cup is a tennis tournament held in Almaty , Kazakhstan since 2007 . The event is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor hard courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a568bd39e5ac1cafdfb1a366d624f1cc", "text": "Olga Panova Olga Alexandrovna Panova ( Ольга Александровна Панова born 7 January 1987 in Krasnodar ) is a retired Russian tennis player . Panova won nine doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career . On 17 July 2006 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 274 . On 21 August 2006 , she peaked at world number 192 in the doubles rankings . Partnering Ekaterina Makarova in 2005 , Panova was runner-up at the $ 75,000 ITF Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge . She made her WTA tour debut at the 2006 İstanbul Cup , partnering Vasilisa Davydova in doubles , but lost her first round match against Yuliana Fedak and Eva Hrdinová . Olga 's younger sister , Alexandra Panova , is also a tennis player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd07129cc11438544f22ee058530334", "text": "2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b3423e5c9a0147b3463b0bb09035caa", "text": "Sesil Karatantcheva Sesil Radoslavova Karatantcheva ( Сесил Радославова Каратанчева born 8 August 1989 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player . Karatantcheva has won seven singles titles on the ITF tour in her career . On 7 November 2005 , she reached her best singles ranking of world no. 35 . On 19 April 2010 , she peaked at world no. 154 on the doubles rankings . Karatantcheva is perhaps best known for reaching the quarterfinals of the 2005 French Open , upsetting seven-time Grand Slam champion Venus Williams en route . The same year , she twice tested positive for nandrolone and was therefore issued a two-year suspension . She returned to professional competition in January 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "477d2817b7d7af614c5e4ab8f031fb0c", "text": "2009 ASB Classic The 2009 ASB Classic is a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It is the 24th edition of the ASB Classic , and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour . It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland , New Zealand , from 5 through 10 January 2009 . The singles draw is led by WTA No. 4 , Luxembourg , Dubai winner , Olympics gold medalist Elena Dementieva , Tokyo , New Haven , Stockholm titlist Caroline Wozniacki and Strasbourg champion , Fes , Portorož runner-up Anabel Medina Garrigues . Also competing are Stanford champion Aleksandra Wozniak , Prague quarter-finalist Shahar Pe'er , Nicole Vaidišová , Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Carla Suárez Navarro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e2b8e65160570bb468d2ff709b9e68d", "text": "Tianjin Open The Tianjin Open is an International-level WTA tennis event held at the Tianjin International Tennis Center . The venue has a center court that seats 3,500 people , as well as 12 outdoor courts with lights , four indoor courts and a tennis club . There are six WTA-level tournaments in China : Premier-level stops in Beijing and Wuhan , and International-level stops in Shenzhen , Hong Kong , Guangzhou and Tianjin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f01dad3297f5107aa3b6dd4226f5c56", "text": "President's Cup (tennis) The President 's Cup ( also known as Astana Challenger ) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) Challenger Tour and the ITF Women 's Circuit and has been held annually in Astana , Kazakhstan , since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8725c478d696f1b1ffa28b1368b0428f", "text": "2007 Tennis Channel Open and the Mirage Cup The 2007 Tennis Channel Open was a tennis event on the 2007 ATP Tour . Lleyton Hewitt , who was the 2006 runner-up , was the singles champion , while Bob and Mike Bryan were the doubles champions . The event was held in Las Vegas , Nevada at the Darling Tennis Center . It was the twentieth Tennis Channel Open , but just the second to be held in Las Vegas . The ITF women 's competition was won by Caroline Wozniacki in singles and by Victoria Azarenka and Tatiana Poutchek for doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0725c6c6b7bb73fe2c14b50c16400310", "text": "Helena Suková Helena Suková ( -LSB- ˈɦɛlɛna ˈsukovaː -RSB- ) ( born 23 February 1965 ) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . During her career , she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles , 9 of them in women 's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles . She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e3cb4e3124ce49ef99aca757a48911", "text": "2005 Zurich Open The 2005 Zurich Open was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the event known as the Zurich Open , and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour . It took place at the Hallenstadion in Zürich , Switzerland , from 17 October through 23 October 2002 . First-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a2c342476de89d90a7eeaf2157bf65c", "text": "Daniela Casanova Daniela Casanova ( born 14 May 1984 ) is a former professional tennis player from Switzerland . Casanova has a career high WTA singles ranking of 456 , achieved on 8 July 2002 . She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 402 , achieved on 17 June 2002 . She has won two ITF singles titles and 24 ITF doubles titles . Playing for Switzerland in Fed Cup , Casanova has a W/L of 0 -- 2 . She retired from tennis in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b69afa70bb8c05bbeddb979312d91e4e", "text": "2014 Aegon Classic – Singles Daniela Hantuchová was the defending champion , but lost in the third round to Kimiko Date-Krumm . Ana Ivanovic won the title , defeating Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová in the final , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97845ed96c65cfd3642d359dee6185c2", "text": "2017 Zhuhai Open The 2017 Zhuhai Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the second ( ATP ) and third ( ITF ) editions of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women 's Circuit , offering $ 50,000 + H ( ATP ) and $ 60,000 ( ITF ) in prize money . It took place in Zhuhai , China , from 6 -- 12 March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1585fb8a9a5525acff35fa07a57af74e", "text": "Andrea Hlaváčková Andrea Hlaváčková ( -LSB- ˈandrɛa ˈɦlavaːtʃkovaː -RSB- ; born 10 August 1986 ) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . Her highest singles ranking is World No. 58 , which she reached in September 2012 , and her highest doubles ranking is World No. 3 , reached on 22 October 2012 . In her career , Hlaváčková has won 14 WTA doubles titles , as well as 17 ITF doubles titles and seven ITF singles titles . Hlaváčková has won two Grand Slam doubles titles , the 2011 French Open and the 2013 US Open , both times partnered with Lucie Hradecká . The pair are also the 2012 Olympic silver medallists . She was part of the winning Czech team in Fed Cup 2012 . She also won the mixed doubles title at the 2013 US Open paired with Max Mirnyi . Hlaváčková 's elder sister is retired tennis player Jana Hlaváčková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c40692436e546306846747fcd36f", "text": "2008 Pilot Pen Tennis The 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis was a combined men 's and women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 40th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis , and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour . It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven , United States , from August 15 through August 23 , 2008 . The men 's field was headlined by ATP No. 13 , Nottingham runner-up and Umag champion Fernando Verdasco , Cincinnati Masters semifinalist and Nottingham titlist Ivo Karlović , and winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart , Kitzbühel , Los Angeles and Washington Juan Martín del Potro . Other top seeds are Gstaad and Umag finalist Igor Andreev , Viña del Mar and Pörtschach runner-up Juan Mónaco , Marin Čilić , Andreas Seppi and Mardy Fish . The women 's draw was led by WTA No. 10 , Rome Tier I semifinalist and Paris champion Anna Chakvetadze , Australian Open semifinalist and Indian Wells Tier I quarterfinalist Daniela Hantuchová , and Paris , Eastbourne and Montreal semifinalist , Standford finalist Marion Bartoli . Also competing are Paris finalist Ágnes Szávay , Bangalore runner-up Patty Schnyder , Flavia Pennetta , Alizé Cornet and Dominika Cibulková .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "526fffbb0157304ffb1d09e6eac54855", "text": "Ajay Devgn Ajay Devgan ( born Vishal Veeru Devgan on 2 April 1969 ) , also credited as Ajay Devgn , is an Indian film actor , director and producer . He is widely considered as one of the most popular actors of Hindi cinema , who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Devgan has won numerous accolades , including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honour of the country . Devgan began his professional career with Phool Aur Kaante in 1991 and received a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his performance . He then starred in successful films such as Jigar ( 1992 ) , Dilwale ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Naajayaz ( 1995 ) , Diljale ( 1996 ) and Ishq ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , he appeared in a critically acclaimed performance in Mahesh Bhatt 's drama Zakhm and he received his first National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie . In 1999 , his most-talked-about film was Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam in which he played Vanraj , a man who tries to unite his wife with her lover . In the early 2000s , he gave critically acclaimed performances in Ram Gopal Varma 's fictional expose of Mumbai underworld Company . He played the character of a gangster , for which he won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . The same year he gave another critically acclaimed performance in Deewangee for which he received the Filmfare Best Villain Award . In 2003 , he won his second National Film Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Bhagat Singh in Rajkumar Santoshi 's biopic The Legend of Bhagat Singh . Throughout his career he has performed in many critically and commercially successful films including Raincoat ( 2004 ) , '' Gangajal , ( 2004 ) , Yuva ( 2004 ) , Apaharan ( 2005 ) , Omkara ( 2006 ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited ( 2006 ) , Golmaal Returns ( 2008 ) , All the Best : Fun Begins ( 2009 ) , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai ( 2010 ) , Golmaal 3 ( 2010 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) , Singham ( 2011 ) , Bol Bachchan ( 2012 ) , Son of Sardaar ( 2012 ) , Singham Returns ( 2014 ) and Drishyam ( 2015 ) . He has starred in more than hundred Hindi films . Having done so , he established himself as one of the leading actors of Hindi cinema . In addition , Devgn owns a production company Ajay Devgn FFilms which was established in 2000 . In 2008 , he debuted as a film director with U Me Aur Hum . He is married to film actress , Kajol since 1999 and the couple have two children . In August 2009 , Devgn changed his surname from Devgan to Devgn on the request of his family .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa5abac99c56bb0c152c23e617d9a366", "text": "Vitti Dandu Vitti Dandu ( Marathi : विटी दांडू ) is a First Marathi language film Produced by Ajay Devgn . Film is directed by Ganesh Kadam and written by Vikas Kadam . The film stars Dilip Prabhavalkar , Ashok Samarth In lead roles . Trailer of the film was launched on YouTube on 14 August 2014 , one day before the Indian Independence Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278579c998a903369f5a292ddd46a14e", "text": "Vijaypath Vijaypath ( Path of Victory ) is a 1994 Bollywood action drama film starring Ajay Devgan , Tabu and Danny Denzongpa . The film was one of the hits of 1994 in India mainly due to its soundtrack composed by Anu Malik which became an instant superhit . Divya Bharti was originally meant to be the female lead but was replaced by Tabu after her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24a4e9e5e99d17ac8cd3227d2cc8d94c", "text": "Vinayak Joshi Vinayak Joshi is an Indian film and theater actor , and Radio jockey . Born on 25 August 1987 , Bangalore . His ancestral roots trace back to Dharwad district . He was a child artiste in the Kannada film industry . Before his radio career , he was an actor in Kannada films since 14 years . Started as a child artiste from the 1997 Superhit movie Nammoora Mandara Hoove by Sunil Kumar Desai starring Shivrajkumar , Ramesh & Prema . His other notable hit movies include Amrutha Varshini , Laali , Simhada mari , Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu , Appu , Kanti , Nanna Kanasina Hoove , Minchina Ota , Chitra , etc. . Also acted in several Tele-serials like : Mussanje by T. S. Nagabharana and Trin Trin Trin by Phani Ramachandra , `` Dandapindagalu '' , a hilarious Comedy series about the youths of today 's generation . All together Vinayak was featured in more than 45 films and 70 serials.He was a participant in a reality show called Bigg Boss Kannada in April , 2013 . He is Also the Last Grandson of V.M Joshi , renown Freedom Fighter , hailing from Dharwad . He has won 2 Karnataka State Film Awards , At the age of 19 , Vinayak won the National Award as the best director for a play , `` Shraddha '' ( THESPO 8 ) . He is one among the youngest directors to win this award . Vinayak is actively involved in executing films and have produced 4 films under the banner `` Joshi Chitra '' . He is a graduate from National College , Bangalore , Jayanagar . He is a fitness freak who once weighed 110 kg , is now just 80 kg . He has run several marathons . In 2014 , Vinayak ran 100 km to raise funds for 21-year-old Akshay , suffering from kidney problems . Vianayak Joshi is currently working as Digital Head in Flipkart , India.He worked as Radio Jockey in Radio Mirchi and Radio City ( Indian radio station ) , Bangalore . He ( July 2016 ) starred in the Kannada show ` Dancing star 3 ' and is now eliminated from the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a94e819adf2991b75e0c6f61c12ab952", "text": "Ajay Bhardwaj Ajay Bhardwaj ( Punjabi : ਅਜੇ ਭਾਰਦਵਾਜ , born 1964 ) is an Indian-Punjabi documentary filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be904a4859247a01e7da0e36a064aedb", "text": "Jigar Jigar is a 1992 Bollywood martial arts action film directed by Farogh Siddique . It was inspired by the 1989 Hollywood movie Kickboxer . Jigar was released during Diwali weekend and proved to be successful . It was Ajay Devgn 's second success after Phool Aur Kaante and premiered at the Plaza cinema , Mumbai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edbc148a091f089a070fdc3f10574916", "text": "Aegan Aegan is a 2008 Tamil action film directed and co-written by Raju Sundaram and produced by Ayngaran International based on the 2004 Shahrukh Khan starrer Main Hoon Na . It stars Ajith Kumar , Nayantara , Suman , Jayaram , Navdeep and Piaa Bajpai . The film opened to Indian audiences on 25 October 2008 , coinciding with the Diwali season . The film , upon release received mixed reviews and was hit at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c7ad6db1d64e7959a22428acde56ab6", "text": "Kalicharan Kalicharan is a 1976 Indian action drama film directed by Subhash Ghai and starring Shatrughan Sinha , Reena Roy , Ajit , Danny Denzongpa , Madan Puri and Premnath . The film became a box office hit . The film was the directorial debut of Subhash Ghai and was the breakthrough role for stars Shatrughan Sinha and Reena Roy . It was later remade into the Telugu film `` Khaidi Kalidasu '' ( 1977 ) , Kannada film Kaalinga ( 1980 ) with Vishnuvardhan and the Tamil film Sangili ( 1982 ) with Prabhu and Sivaji Ganesan in the lead roles and in Malayalam Pathamudayam ( 1985 ) by Mohanlal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecd665bc67c4cf3535c242045eab7b61", "text": "Vinay Singh Vinay Singh is an Indian footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Mohun Bagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78729e47a3f827608317aa229ade4c", "text": "Bhaag Johnny Bhaag Johnny ( English : Run Johnny ) is an Indian Hindi language Bollywood thriller film directed by Shivam Nair , and produced by Bhushan Kumar , Krishan Kumar , Vikram Bhatt and co-produced by Ajay Kapoor . The film stars Kunal Khemu , Mandana Karimi and Zoa Morani in leading roles . It was released on 25 September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206835f069d1be9fd86c15df0f8ed1d4", "text": "Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship . Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times . Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema . In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so . Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema . When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) . Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) . Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world . In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7798567aae9a5ca2e6fd5012d9dc17", "text": "Aag Ka Gola Aag Ka Gola ( English translation - Fire Ball ) is 1989 Hindi language Movie directed by David Dhawan and starring Sunny Deol , Dimple Kapadia , Shakti Kapoor and Prem Chopra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8568571d1d8245bff5d26e165f3f7aa4", "text": "Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani . The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh . The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3da325979027ea6cee5b9b0508957c6", "text": "Awaargi Awaargi is a 1990 Bollywood drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt starring Anil Kapoor , Meenakshi Sheshadri and Govinda . The film is considered to have featured Anil Kapoor 's and Meenakshi Sheshadri 's best performances . Over the years it has gained immense critical praise and is considered a classic now . Like several other 1980s films by Mahesh Bhatt , Awaargi , containing serious and realistic content , belongs to the arthouse cinematic genre , known in India as parallel cinema . On its release , it received critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503eafb6780d66fc6f3bca4b187f0d6c", "text": "Palay Khan (film) Palay Khan is a 1986 Bollywood film directed by Ashim S. Samanta and featuring Jackie Shroff , Poonam Dhillon in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e4c2639d231b59f65d3eeab9a8ab0e", "text": "Devi Ajith", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e027dca8912e982679d9a55691c8b5", "text": "Nana Patekar Vishwanath `` Nana '' Patekar ( नाना पाटेकर , born 1 January 1951 ) is an Indian actor , writer and filmmaker , mainly working in Hindi and Marathi films . He won a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Parinda ( 1989 ) . He then won the Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role on Angaar ( 1992 ) . In 1995 , he won the National Film Award for Best Actor as well as the Filmfare and the Screen awards for Best Actor for his role in Krantiveer ( 1994 ) . He also won his second Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role in Apaharan ( 2005 ) . He is also the only actor ever to win Filmfare Award for Best Actor , Best Supporting Actor and Best Villain categories . He was bestowed the fourth highest civilian honour of India when he was awarded the Padma Shri award for his dedication in the field of Films and Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08f0d62e3eb145953ed04562a35cd75", "text": "Jagdeep Jagdeep is the screen name of ( Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Jafri ; born 29 March 1939 ) is an Indian film actor who has appeared in more than 400 films . He is especially known for his comic roles . He played Soorma Bhopali in Sholay ( 1975 ) , Machchar in Purana Mandir ( 1984 ) , Salman Khan 's dad in Andaz Apna Apna ( 1994 ) and directed a movie Soorma Bhopali with this character as the protagonist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77dade84eeae50d93a8de2a8bc663ecd", "text": "Kachche Dhaage Kachche Dhaage is a 1999 Hindi action thriller film directed by Milan Luthria and starring Ajay Devgan , Saif Ali Khan and Manisha Koirala . The film features Devgan as a smuggler , delivering goods across the Rajasthan-Pakistan border , was filmed in the deserts of Rajasthan and in Switzerland . It premiered on 10 February 1999 in Mumbai . A film under the same title , Kuchhe Dhaage ( spelling variation ) was originally released in 1973 , directed by Raj Khosla and starred Vinod Khanna , Moushumi Chatterjee and Kabir Bedi . The film also has similarities with Jackie Chan 's 1987 film Armour of God .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "947e023ea3782c503b93139b72681463", "text": "Mel Gibson Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson ( born January 3 , 1956 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He was born in Peekskill , New York , and moved with his parents to Sydney , Australia , when he was 12 years old . Gibson is best known as an action hero , for roles such as Martin Riggs in the Lethal Weapon buddy cop film series , and Max Rockatansky in the first three films in the Mad Max post-apocalyptic action series . He studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art . During the 1980s , he founded Icon Entertainment , a production company which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called , `` an alternative to the studio system '' . Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the critically acclaimed World War I drama Gallipoli ( 1981 ) , which earned Gibson a Best Actor Award from the Australian Film Institute . The film also helped to earn Gibson the reputation of a serious , versatile actor . Gibson produced , directed , and starred in the epic historical drama film Braveheart ( 1995 ) , for which he won the Golden Globe Award and Academy Award for Best Director , along with the Academy Award for Best Picture . He later directed and produced the financially successful and controversial , biblical drama film The Passion of the Christ ( 2004 ) . He received further critical notice for his directorial work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto ( 2006 ) , which is set in Mesoamerica during the early 16th century . After a 10-year hiatus from directing , Gibson returned with the critically praised and financially successful Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) , which won the Academy Awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing and earned Gibson his second nomination for Best Director .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9928aefada6e5fa0b61235c1a850fccf", "text": "George T. Miller George Trumbull Miller ( born 1943 ) is a Scottish-Australian film and television director and producer . He has directed The Man from Snowy River , The NeverEnding Story II : The Next Chapter , and Zeus and Roxanne . He started his career in 1966 working for Crawford Productions . `` They trained you to do everything , they 'd throw you in at the deep end to see if you sank or swam , '' he said . `` I was one of the ones who swam -- you would n't get that training anywhere now . '' Miller says he was offered to direct `` Crocodile '' Dundee but had to turn it down because he was going to make another film at the time , which ended up not being made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cf65c4ac49041cf7e8cd16fbc7d4b8", "text": "Martin Riggs Martin Riggs is a fictional character from the Lethal Weapon franchise . He is played in all four films by Mel Gibson . On March 10 , 2016 , it was announced that Riggs would be played by Clayne Crawford in the pilot for the new Fox Television drama series . Originally a member of the Los Angeles Police Department 's Narcotics Division , upon being reassigned to the Homicide Division , he is partnered up with aging sergeant Roger Murtaugh . Riggs and Murtaugh remain partners throughout the film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190741a409db6398cf676c812270236a", "text": "Paparazzi (2004 film) Paparazzi is a 2004 American action film directed by Paul Abascal , produced by actor Mel Gibson , and starring Cole Hauser . The film chronicles the life of a popular Hollywood film star in the aftermath of a car crash caused by four paparazzo tabloid photographers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26137a106c25d58764720e06d5b9bcf8", "text": "William Gibson (playwright) William Gibson ( November 13 , 1914 -- November 25 , 2008 ) was an American playwright and novelist . He won the Tony Award for Best Play for The Miracle Worker in 1959 , which he later adapted for the film version in 1962 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d332162ec1d4a12eedce7507e09c10b8", "text": "Rex Gibson Dr Rex Gibson ( 29 October 1932 , in Bristol -- 1 May 2005 , in Cambridge ) was an English academic writing on the theatre . He is best known for his creation and editing of the Cambridge School Shakespeare series , for which he was given the first Sam Wanamaker Award in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e79b3bc13a080c8c3c5588baf8f40d6", "text": "Bruce Davey Bruce Davey is an Australian film producer . A partner in Icon Entertainment alongside Mel Gibson , Sydney-born Davey has produced many films including Apocalypto , The Passion of the Christ , Push , and Braveheart for which he won an Academy Award . Davey began as Gibson 's CPA after being recommended by Gibson 's running coach in Gallipoli . After becoming Gibson 's business manager , the two men founded Icon Productions in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c1296571e00d79c66645283771cdd8d", "text": "Never Understand `` Never Understand '' is the first single from the Scottish alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain 's debut album Psychocandy . It was the band 's first release on Blanco y Negro Records and was released through them in February 1985 . The song was written by William Reid and Jim Reid , and was produced by The Jesus and Mary Chain . It is considered influential for its use of guitar feedback .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "694dada184a2cffa3c91241da5db7b79", "text": "Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 . It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97d8cdfb2b4701144fdd1d591aafef8e", "text": "Spook Country Spook Country is a 2007 novel by speculative fiction author William Gibson . A political thriller set in contemporary North America , it followed on from the author 's previous novel , Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , and was succeeded in 2010 by Zero History , which featured much of the same core cast of characters . The plot comprises the intersecting tales of three protagonists : Hollis Henry , a musician-turned-journalist researching a story on locative art ; Tito , a young Cuban-Chinese operative whose family is on occasion in the employ of a renegade ex-CIA agent ; and Milgrim , a drug-addled translator held captive by Brown , a strangely authoritarian and secretive man . Themes explored include the ubiquity of locative technology , the eversion of cyberspace and the political climate of the United States in the aftermath of the September 11 , 2001 attacks . Spook Country quickly reached mainstream North American bestseller lists and was nominated for British Science Fiction Association and Locus Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42872bca9c38269a1fe03969b0ff9832", "text": "Heads Hands & Feet Heads Hands & Feet were a British country rock band , and part of the Harris/Colton/Smith production company . In 1970 members performed at the Royal Albert Hall with Johnny Harris Orchestra for his Movements concert , opening for Dionne Warwick . Ray Smith and Tony Colton also co-wrote and co-produced Richard Harris and Shirley Bassey with Johnny Harris . They also co-wrote and performed the soundtrack for The World Of Georgie Best BBC documentary from 1970 with Johnny Harris , who was a band member , arranger and producer . Their agent in Daniel Secunda . The group formed after the breakup of Poet and the One Man Band in 1969 , ( who released an album on UK Verve and US Paramount with nearly the same musicians as HH&F ) . In 1970 , Heads Hands & Feet recorded their debut album , Home From Home , which was shelved by the label and did not see release until 1996 . In 1971 , they released their proper debut on Capitol Records as a double album in the United States , but as a single disc in Europe ( on UK Island ) . While still relatively unknown , they served as the supporting act for Deep Purple 's series of concerts from 5 to 8 March in Glasgow , Edinburgh , Dundee , and Aberdeen , Scotland . They were the opening act at the free Hyde Park , London concert on 3 July . They opened for Humble Pie & Grand Funk Railroad . Their second album , Tracks , followed the next year , but with critical acclaim , internal tensions in the band resulted in a breakup in 1973 before the group 's third release , Old Soldiers Never Die . ( Their unreleased 1970 album was released in 1996 as Home from Home . ) The members of Heads Hands & Feet provided the core backing for Jerry Lee Lewis 's album The Session , recorded in London from 7 to 11 January 1973 , and also for Shirley Bassey 's album Something ( 1970 ) , Richard Harris ' single `` A Ballad Of A Man Called Horse '' ( 1970 ) , a still unissued Carl Wayne album ( 1970 ) and Don Everly 's Sunset Towers ( 1974 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b90c02b53c9aa348af016635db03c1c", "text": "Jimi Hendrix (film) Jimi Hendrix is a 1973 rockumentary about Jimi Hendrix , directed and produced by Joe Boyd , John Head and Gary Weis . The film contains concert footage from 1967 to 1970 , including the Monterey Pop Festival the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival , Woodstock and a Berkeley concert . The film also includes interviews with Hendrix ' contemporaries , family and friends . People appearing in the film include Paul Caruso , Eric Clapton , Billy Cox , Alan Douglas , Germaine Greer , Hendrix ' father , James A. `` Al '' Hendrix , Mick Jagger , Eddie Kramer , Buddy Miles , Mitch Mitchell , Juggy Murray , Little Richard , Lou Reed and Pete Townshend . The film is also known as A Film About Jimi Hendrix . The title was used on the 2005 DVD-cover and theatrical poster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae7df8d7bcae2c46b6a09e33abce7e6f", "text": "Gibson Dove The Gibson Dove is a flattop steel-string acoustic guitar made by the Gibson Guitar Corporation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b9d5068e873c58bd1a0f023e7da823b", "text": "Andy Irvine (musician) Andrew Kennedy Irvine ( born 14 June 1942 ) , known as Andy Irvine , is an Irish folk musician , singer-songwriter , and a founding member of popular bands Sweeney 's Men , Planxty , Patrick Street , Mozaik , LAPD and Usher 's Island . He plays the mandolin , mandola , bouzouki , harmonica and hurdy-gurdy . Irvine has been influential in folk music for over five decades , during which he recorded a large repertoire of songs and tunes he assembled from books , old recordings and rooted in the Irish , English , Scottish , Eastern European , Australian and American old-time and folk traditions . He sets these songs to new music and also writes songs about his personal experiences or the lives and struggles of his heroes : Tom Barker , Michael Davitt , Mother Jones , Douglas Mawson , Raoul Wallenberg , and Emiliano Zapata , among others . Imbued with a sense of social justice , Irvine often selects or writes songs that are based on historical events and presented from the victim 's perspective . Some of these songs chronicle the abject living and working conditions imposed on groups of people : the emigrants ; the brutalized migrant workers ; the exploited textile strikers or coalminers . Other songs recall the archetypal experiences of single individuals : the woman seduced by an unfaithful man or disowned by her father ; the destitute young man ostracized or murdered on the order of his sweetheart 's rich father ; the down-on-his-luck farmer or the unemployed worker ; the young man inveigled by the army 's recruiting sergeant ; the scapegoats . Irvine 's songs also denounce worker deaths and industrial diseases , and lament the plight of hunted animals . His repertoire includes humorous songs , but also bittersweet ones of unrequited love , or of lovers cruelly separated or dramatically reunited . He also sings about famous racehorses , men or women masquerading in various disguises , a fantastical fox preying on young maidens , and the violent lives of outlaws . As a child actor , Irvine honed his performing talent from an early age and learned the classical guitar . He switched to folk music after discovering Woody Guthrie , also adopting the latter 's other instruments : harmonica and mandolin . While extending Guthrie 's guitar picking technique to the mandolin , he further developed his playing of this instrument -- and , later , of the mandola and the bouzouki -- into a decorative , harmonic style and embraced the modes and rhythms of Bulgarian folk music . Along with Johnny Moynihan and Dónal Lunny , Irvine is one of the pioneers who adapted the Greek bouzouki -- with a new tuning -- into an Irish instrument . He contributed to advancing the design of his instruments in cooperation with English luthier Stefan Sobell , and he occasionally plays a hurdy-gurdy made for him in 1972 by Peter Abnett , another English luthier . Although touring mainly as a soloist , Irvine has also enjoyed great success in pursuing collaborations through many projects that have influenced contemporary folk music . He continues to tour and perform extensively in Ireland , Great Britain , Europe , North and South America , Japan , Australia and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9b79bcdeeb59622d3b187c205f57611", "text": "Dead & Company Dead & Company is a band consisting of former Grateful Dead members Bob Weir ( guitar ) , Mickey Hart ( drums ) , and Bill Kreutzmann ( drums ) , along with John Mayer ( guitar ) , Oteil Burbridge ( bass/drums ) , and Jeff Chimenti ( keyboards ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f39a64bfcecd0176004877f4ac2b096", "text": "Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir , written by Tom Schulman , and starring Robin Williams . Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy , it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry . The film received critical acclaim and was a box office success . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film , and César Award and David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Film . Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "572b4d1165e700bbe47e568a64685ef6", "text": "William Gibson William Ford Gibson ( born March 17 , 1948 ) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk . Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s , his early works were noir , near-future stories that explored the effects of technology , cybernetics , and computer networks on humans -- a `` combination of lowlife and high tech '' -- and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s . Gibson notably coined the term `` cyberspace '' in his short story `` Burning Chrome '' ( 1982 ) and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer ( 1984 ) . These early works have been credited with `` renovating '' science fiction literature after it had fallen largely into insignificance in the 1970s . After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy , Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine ( 1990 ) , which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre steampunk . In the 1990s , Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels , which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments , postindustrial society , and late capitalism . Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11 , Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels -- Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , Spook Country ( 2007 ) , and Zero History ( 2010 ) -- set in a roughly contemporary world . These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time . His more recent novel , The Peripheral ( 2014 ) , returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction concerns . In 1999 , The Guardian described Gibson as `` probably the most important novelist of the past two decades , '' while the Sydney Morning Herald called him the `` noir prophet '' of cyberpunk . Throughout his career , Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels ( one in collaboration ) , contributed articles to several major publications , and collaborated extensively with performance artists , filmmakers , and musicians . His work has been cited as an influence across a variety of disciplines spanning academia , design , film , literature , music , cyberculture , and technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1972e12eead5122d73947a7d2bfa2f9d", "text": "Max Myers Max Myers is an American film director , screenwriter and novelist who has been active in Los Angeles since the mid-1990s . His first feature film , Do n't Let Go , won the Outstanding Directorial Achievement award at the 2002 Stony Brook Film Festival in New York , the Best Picture Award at the Westchester Film Festival ( NY ) and a Prism Award in Los Angeles . He was the writer of the feature film Irish Jam starring comedian Eddie Griffin and Anna Friel and has written a handful of violent crime novels including , Boysie Blake . The son of a German woman and an English Army officer , Myers was born in Iserlohn , Germany and lived in a large number of postings during his youth including South Australia and Gibraltar and eventually ended up in East London where he was an amateur boxer and musician thru his teens , then began working as a tour manager and sound mixer for European projects such as Manfred Mann , Mungo Jerry , Berlin Rock Ensemble , Moonraker and Wings ( band ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85de64213596aa316c9a5d0db134a88a", "text": "Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fd89f3236aea7eeabc22133ebee7c92", "text": "Hoot Gibson Hoot Gibson ( August 6 , 1892 -- August 23 , 1962 ) was an American rodeo champion and a pioneer cowboy film actor , director , and producer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bd70eb7c3f24756d28e941efe9f659c4", "text": "Brandon Lee Brandon Bruce Lee ( February 1 , 1965 -- March 31 , 1993 ) was an American actor and martial artist . He was the son of martial artist and film actor Bruce Lee and teacher Linda Lee Cadwell , the grandson of Cantonese opera singer Lee Hoi-chuen , and brother of Shannon Lee . Starting his career with a supporting role in the 1986 television film Kung Fu : The Movie , Lee starred in several low-budget action films during the late 1980s and early 1990s such as Legacy of Rage ( 1986 ) , Showdown in Little Tokyo ( 1991 ) and Rapid Fire ( 1992 ) . In 1992 , he landed his breakthrough role as Eric Draven in The Crow , based on the comic book of the same name . On March 31 , 1993 , Lee died during the filming of The Crow in an accident involving a prop gun . The film was released posthumously in 1994 with the help of stunt doubles and special effects .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0d53b6391b637cb40c69a1bdb69f4c62", "text": "Flamingo Road Tour The Flamingo Road Tour ( commonly acknowledged as the Flamingo Tour ) was the 2010 solo concert tour by American recording artist , Brandon Flowers , who is the lead vocalist for the rock band , The Killers . Visiting North America and Europe , the tour supported his debut album , Flamingo . The tour has received praise from both spectators and critics alike , including being named one of the `` Best Shows of the Summer '' and '' ` Must See Fall Tours '' by Spin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d0422dc1dcadc515a5d37d8de845ad", "text": "2008 Daytona 500 The 2008 Daytona 500 was the 50th annual running of the event . It was held on February 17 , 2008 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach , Florida . The race was the 50th to be run since the first in 1959 , won by Lee Petty . To commemorate the event , the Harley J. Earl Trophy , which goes to the winner of the race , was plated in gold instead of silver . In addition , the winning car was placed on display for one year at the Daytona 500 Experience attraction just outside Turn Four . Ryan Newman won the race , his only win in the 2008 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c4eecbaa5c127abec3b6004279691f7", "text": "Accident (disambiguation) An accident is an unexpected and unintended event . Accident or accidents may also refer to : Accident ( fallacy ) Accident ( philosophy ) Accident , Maryland , a town in the US Accident ( 1928 film ) ( Polizeibericht Überfall ) , a German film directed by Ernö Metzner Accident ( 1967 film ) , a British film directed by Joseph Losey , with a screenplay by Harold Pinter based on the novel by Nicholas Mosley Accident ( 1976 film ) , a Romanian film directed by Sergiu Nicolaescu Accident ( 1985 film ) , a Kannada film directed by Shankar Nag Accident ( 2008 film ) , an Indian film directed by Ramesh Aravind Accident ( 2009 film ) , a Hong Kong film directed by Soi Cheang Accident ( 2012 film ) , a Bengali film directed by Nandita Roy & Shiboprosad Mukherjee Accident ( 2013 film ) , a Nigerian film directed by Teco Benson Accident ( Mosley novel ) , a 1965 novel by writer Nicholas Mosley , later made into the 1967 film , Accident Accident ( novel ) , a 1994 novel by Danielle Steel `` Accident '' ( Bottom episode ) , an episode of 1990s British sitcom Bottom `` Accident '' , an episode of the British sitcom Only When I Laugh `` Accident '' , a song by Saint Etienne from Reserection EP , later remixed as `` He 's on the Phone '' `` Accidents '' , a song by Alexisonfire from Watch Out ! Unintended consequences , also called accidents , outcomes not foreseen and intended by purposeful action A person who was born from an Unintended pregnancy Accident , a 1982 album by British bass guitarist and composer John Greaves", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ad115a937a1e3a48563158748ea1eb", "text": "Anthony Lee (actor) Anthony Dwain Lee ( July 17 , 1961 -- October 28 , 2000 ) was an American stage , television and film actor . He began his career in the 1980s appearing in numerous stage productions and in guest roles on television and in films . He was a playwright and had several production workshops of his work in New City Theater in Seattle , Washington . While attending a Halloween party in October 2000 , Lee was fatally shot by a LAPD officer . Lee 's death and the circumstances surrounding it garnered significant national and international media attention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dce00d4c1387192497cfdf34e358681", "text": "Lee Raymond (racing driver) Lee Raymond ( October 2 , 1954 -- December 12 , 2013 ) was an American stock car racing driver . A two-time champion of the ARCA Super Car Series , he also competed in NASCAR racing in the 1989 Daytona 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7db2597f082bcee2b59b221da448d2da", "text": "William States Lee III William States Lee III , popularly known as Bill Lee , was born in Charlotte , North Carolina in 1929 . He attended Woodberry Forest School and was a Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Princeton University in Civil Engineering . After serving in the United States Navy 's SeaBees , Lee joined Duke Power 's engineering department in 1955 as a junior engineer . He was promoted to engineering vice president in 1965 , engineering and construction senior vice president in 1971 , and executive vice president in 1976 . He became president and chief operating officer of Duke Power Company in 1978 and chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 1982 . Lee helped to form the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations after the Three Mile Island accident . He was also an initiator of the World Association of Nuclear Operators , in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster , becoming its first president . In 1989 , he was named `` CEO of the decade '' by Financial World magazine . Lee retired from Duke Power in 1994 . He died of cardiac arrest in New York City July 10 , 1996 . A popular man and supporter of education , the College of Engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte was named in his honor in 1994 , as was the `` Bill Lee Freeway '' , a stretch of Interstate Highway 77 north from Charlotte , and Duke Energy 's William States Lee III Nuclear Generating Station in South Carolina . Lee was awarded the North Carolina Award for Public Service in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2836cb56be78a59976a99181343fb153", "text": "Presumed Accidents Presumed Accidents ( ; literally `` Skillful Accident '' ) is a 2016 Hong Kong modern suspense crime television drama produced by Andy Chan for TVB , starring Lawrence Ng and Sisley Choi as the main lead , with Lai Lok-yi , Joyce Tang , Raymond Cho and Selena Li as the main supporting cast . Filming took place from June to October 2015 on location in Hong Kong . The series premiered May 30 , 2016 , airing every Monday to Friday on Hong Kong 's TVB Jade , Malaysia 's Astro On Demand and Australia 's TVBJ channels during its 8:30 -9:30 pm timeslot , concluding July 3 , 2016 with a total of 28 episodes . Presumed Accidents plot centers on insurance investigation and fraud with a side plot focusing on past life regression .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4a34260aacb0b2b286bbf94514b2f06", "text": "Endangerment Endangerment is a type of crime involving conduct that is wrongful and reckless or wanton , and likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm to another person . There are several kinds of endangerment , each of which is a criminal act that can be prosecuted in a court . In some U.S. states , such as Florida , substantially similar language is used for the crime of Culpable negligence . The offense is intended to prohibit and therefore deter reckless or wanton conduct that wrongfully creates a substantial risk of death or serious injury to others . Various laws specify several types of endangerment : Child endangerment and animal endangerment : placing a child or animal in a potentially harmful situation , either through negligence or misconduct . Reckless endangerment : A person commits the crime of reckless endangerment if the person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person . `` Reckless '' conduct is conduct that exhibits a culpable disregard of foreseeable consequences to others from the act or omission involved . The accused need not intentionally cause a resulting harm . The ultimate question is whether , under all of the circumstances , the accused 's conduct was of that heedless nature that made it actually or imminently dangerous to the rights or safety of others . Public endangerment is usually applied to crimes which place the public in some form of danger , although that danger can be more or less severe according to the crime . It is punished most frequently in Canada . Endangerment can range from a misdemeanor to a felony . For example , the New York Penal Code § 120.20 defines reckless endangerment in the second degree ( class A misdemeanor ) as conduct that `` creates a substantial serious risk of injury to another person '' , and § 120.25 deals with reckless endangerment in the first degree ( class D felony ) , which is conduct that shows a `` depraved indifference to human life '' and `` creates a grave risk of death to another person '' . In addition , § 145.25 codifies reckless endangerment to property as a class B misdemeanor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9117d6be9bab10813de6f70fa8812c2", "text": "Dixie Lee Junction, Tennessee Dixie Lee Junction is an unincorporated community in Loudon County , Tennessee , United States , situated at the intersection of U.S. Route 70 and U.S. Route 11 . The community is named for its historical location at the junction of the eastern leg of the Dixie Highway ( which followed US-70 through the region ) and the Lee Highway ( which followed US-11 ) . From the advent of automobile travel in the late 1920s until the construction of the Interstate Highway System in the late 1950s and 1960s , these two highways were major cross-country routes , and Dixie Lee Junction developed as a `` last chance '' stopover for tourists traveling southward from Knoxville . While the completion of the interstates drew away most of the cross-country traffic , the US-70 / US-11 intersection still serves a strategic role as the western end of the four-lane Kingston Pike , a major commercial thoroughfare in western Knox County . The Dixie Lee Junction community lies adjacent to the town of Farragut , with the Knox-Loudon county line ( which runs perpendicular to Kingston Pike ) being the technical boundary between the two communities . US-70 approaches Dixie Lee Junction from Kingston to the west , and US-11 approaches from Lenoir City to the southwest . The merged highways then continue eastward for 20 mi through Farragut and Knoxville . Two major interstate highways , Interstate 40 and Interstate 75 , merge just northwest of Dixie Lee Junction . The Dixie Highway was conceived in 1914 to provide a convenient route from the Midwestern United States to Florida . Its eastern section entered downtown Knoxville via Broadway before veering westward along Cumberland Avenue and out into West Knoxville along Kingston Pike . The Lee Highway , which connected New York and San Francisco , entered Knoxville from Rutledge to the northeast , and merged with the Dixie Highway in downtown Knoxville . Knoxville lay along the Dixie Highway roughly halfway between the Midwestern states and Florida , and thus made a convenient place for Florida-bound tourists to stop for the night . Throughout the 1930s , 1940s , and 1950s , Kingston Pike was lined with motor courts and motels , and restaurants with oddly-shaped buildings and flashy signs designed to catch the attention of passers-by . Businesses in Dixie Lee Junction during this period consisted of `` last-chance '' ventures that provided food , fuel , and other supplies before south-bound drivers entered a predominantly-rural stretch of the highway en route to Chattanooga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a0fa538cf8b4dd40fbb4f9810f39dc", "text": "Jay Lee Jay Lee was a British National Party ( BNP ) member , who fought a legal battle after being expelled from a trade union . Lee , a driver for Virgin Trains , stood as a BNP candidate in the 2002 local elections in Bexley and was subsequently expelled from the train drivers ' union ASLEF for BNP membership . In May 2003 , an Employment Tribunal ruled that Lee had been wrongly expelled from the union , finding ASLEF had breached section 174 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations ( Consolidation ) Act . On 24 January 2004 , the decision was overturned by an Employment Appeal Tribunal , which referred the case back to a new tribunal . On 7 October 2004 , the new tribunal ruled in Lee 's favour , awarding him at least # 5,000 . Lee also sued for libel after he was described as a racist , seeking aggravated damages from two senior trade unionists and two journalists . In January 2006 , ASLEF paid # 30,000 in an out-of-court settlement to cover Lee 's legal costs in the libel case , but Lee did not receive any personal damages . ASLEF subsequently took the UK Government to the European Court of Human Rights , claiming that UK law was in breach of Article 11 ( freedom of assembly and association ) of the European Convention on Human Rights . On 27 February 2007 , the Court unanimously upheld ASLEF 's claim that there had been a violation of the Convention and that ASLEF was entitled to expel Lee from the union . Lee was represented at the Employment Tribunal by Lee Barnes ( the BNP `` legal officer '' ) and in the libel case by Adrian Davies . Jay Lee left the BNP in 2010 due to disagreements with the Nick Griffin leadership . He had been a member for 18 years in total .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62bee4fcbc9fe89432e1395cc3d65a19", "text": "Marc Alan Lee Marc Alan Lee ( March 20 , 1978 - August 2 , 2006 ) , was a United States Navy SEAL . He was the first SEAL to lose his life in Operation Iraqi Freedom when he was killed in a fierce firefight while on patrol against insurgents in Ramadi . Lee was posthumously awarded the Silver Star , the Bronze Star with Valor and the Purple Heart . On March 20 , 2013 , the Marc A. Lee Training Center building was dedicated at the Naval Amphibious Base Coronado .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b0ed2ec271a0acb3ec6929a2c9c747", "text": "Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey can refer to one of a number of deadly accidents that have occurred along the Rampe de Laffrey , one of the worst stretches of road in France : Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey ( 1946 ) , in which 18 were killed Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey ( 1973 ) , in which 43 died Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey ( 1975 ) , in which 29 were killed Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey ( 2007 ) , in which 26 died", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9b766406c2f29537da2d8a86cb4ef0", "text": "Racehorse injuries Racehorse injuries and fatalities are a side effect of training and competition . The problem with equine injuries is that they so often result in death . A 2005 study by the United States Department of Agriculture found that injuries are the second leading cause of death in horses , second only to old age . Nureyev 's recovery from a broken leg while retired at stud in 1987 typifies the struggle horses have after being injured . Two years after Secretariat 's recordbreaking US Triple Crown took the sport in the United States to a new level of popularity , the breakdown and death of Ruffian brought on a new era of safety concerns . Racehorses had been breaking down for centuries , but never before in an event so widely seen as the great match race between Ruffian and Foolish Pleasure at Belmont Park with 18 million viewers . The horse racing industry has been trying to adapt to the increased safety concerns ever since . `` I personally think that in a very real way , we 're almost held to a higher standard because of the horses -- they do n't make the decision to do this . And I think that 's fair , '' said Nick Nicholson , the president and chief executive of Keeneland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ed4d30342cb7072676cfd1f26aebfd", "text": "1994 Daytona 500 The 1994 Daytona 500 , the 36th running of the event , was held February 20 at Daytona International Speedway , in Daytona Beach , Florida . Loy Allen Jr. , ARCA graduate and Winston Cup rookie , driving the No. 19 for Tri-Star Motorsports , won the pole . Speedweeks 1994 was marked by tragedy when two drivers , Neil Bonnett and Rodney Orr , were killed in separate practice accidents for this race . Sterling Marlin in the Morgan-McClure Motorsports No. 4 won the race , the first career win of his NASCAR career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c3d327b516b04c963d962fba80e90de", "text": "Hinton train collision The Hinton train collision was a railway accident that occurred on February 8 , 1986 . Twenty-three people were killed in a collision between a Canadian National Railway freight train and a Via Rail passenger train . It was the deadliest Canadian rail disaster since the Dugald accident of 1947 which killed thirty-one people , and would not be surpassed until the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster in 2013 which killed forty-seven . It was surmised that the accident was a result of the crew of the freight train becoming incapacitated , and the resulting investigations revealed serious flaws in CN 's employee practices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7b2e8aeae42595e551e8b12abb24711", "text": "Air Canada Flight 189 Air Canada Flight 189 was an Air Canada flight from Ottawa to Vancouver via Toronto and Winnipeg . On June 26 , 1978 , it crashed on takeoff in Toronto killing two passengers . During takeoff at 8:15 a.m. one of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 's tires burst and partially disintegrated , firing chunks of rubber into the landing gear mechanism . This set off an `` unsafe gear '' warning , prompting the pilot to abort the takeoff . The aircraft , however , was already two thirds along the length of runway 23L and travelling at 154 kn . It could not stop before the end of the runway , and plunged off the edge of an embankment still travelling at 60 kn , eventually coming to a rest in the Etobicoke Creek ravine . The plane broke in three pieces , but despite its full load of fuel did not catch fire . The accident was visible from Highway 401 , which runs alongside the south side of the airport . The plane was destroyed and two passengers were killed : 73-year-old J. Frank Scrase of Victoria died when a rib punctured his heart , and 45-year-old Irwin Theodore Childs of North York died of suffocation when he was wedged beneath the seat in front of him . Both were seated at the site of the forward split in the fuselage . All of the other 105 passengers and crew aboard were injured . The subsequent investigation found multiple causes of the accident . It recommended greater scrutiny be given to the tires . The pilot , Reginald W. Stewart , delayed four seconds after the warning light came on before he chose to abort the takeoff ; a more immediate decision would have prevented the accident . The investigators also criticized the level of training in emergency braking . The presence of the ravine at the end of the runway was also questioned , but nothing was done . This failure to expand the airport 's overshoot zone was raised when Air France Flight 358 plunged into the same ravine 27 years later . Although it is customary for airlines to retire a flight number after a major incident , Air Canada continues to use Flight 189 for its Ottawa-Vancouver route and it uses a Airbus A320 aircraft instead of a DC-9 . However , the flight no longer has stopovers in Toronto and Winnipeg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d40324383d8b387682efbd5ed77c7775", "text": "Brandon Brown Brandon Brown may refer to : Brandon Brown ( basketball ) ( born 1985 ) , American basketball player Brandon Brown ( racing driver ) ( born 1993 ) , American racing driver Brandon Brown ( rugby union ) ( born 1994 ) , South African rugby union player Brandon Brown , member of R&B band Mista", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167c880a3412626953c4442873229a89", "text": "South Bend train wreck The South Bend Train Wreck ( known also as the Great Mishawaka Train Wreck ) occurred on June 27 , 1859 between Mishawaka and South Bend in Indiana on the Michigan Southern Railroad killing 42 people and injuring 50 more . The train concerned was the Night Express from Chicago to Toledo carrying about 150 passengers . Just before midnight it was crossing an embankment known as the Springbrook Bridge over a 25 ft deep ravine at a speed of 10 to when the embankment collapsed , plunging the entire train into a torrent of water , drowning many . According to the Chicago Journal `` The engine was literally buried in the opposite side of the ravine in quicksand and mud , and the tender , baggage and express car , and two second class cars , were shattered almost into kindling wood , and piled on top of the engine . The two first class passenger cars followed , and were torn to pieces and carried down the stream , while the sleeping car , although making the leap with the rest was less injured '' . There had been extreme rainfall in the area the previous afternoon and evening and it is thought that the culvert beneath the embankment became blocked causing build-up of water behind the embankment which collapsed as the train was crossing . The westbound train had passed over safely at 8:30 p.m. One body was found in the St. Joseph River a mile below the creek ; other bodies were discovered buried completely in sand and a week after the accident the death toll was 41 persons , though some sources estimate the death toll as much as 60 or 70 . The site of the accident is close to the present intersection of Ironwood Road and Lincoln Way West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b1b0a28a829180090f524563d7576a", "text": "Lee Shepherd Lee Alan Shepherd ( August 30 , 1944 -- March 11 , 1985 ) was an American drag racing driver from Arlington , Texas . In 1972 , Shepherd drove a lime green Chevy Nova station wagon to the Modified finals at the National Hot Rod Association ( NHRA ) Springnationals , also claiming Modified Eliminator ( making the Nova the quickest car at the event ) . Later in 1972 , he teamed with David Reher and Buddy Morrison . The three Texans pooled their limited resources and forged a longstanding partnership after Bobby Cross left the team to pursue his own business ventures . The Reher-Morrison-Shepherd team won NHRA 's Division 4 Modified championship in 1973 , and took a class win at the 1974 Winternationals in a pumpkin orange Chevrolet-powered F/Gas Ford Maverick . Shepherd ran back-to-back 10.67 s to defeat John Smith 's M/Gas Volkswagen and defending event champion Bob Riffle 's C/Gas Dodge Colt . In the quarterfinal , he bested Carl Frizzell 's E/MP Camaro with a 10.66 and former Winternationals winner Fred Teixeira 's B/Gas Corvette with a 10.49 . In the final , Shepherd unleashed a pass of 10.39 seconds at , defeating Jim Marshall 's A/MP Dart and good enough to set an F/Gas national record . In 1975 , the Texans borrowed a Chevrolet Corvette body , transplanted the Maverick 's powertrain , and recorded another Modified victory at the 1975 Springnationals , as well as taking Modified Eliminator , making the Reher-Morrison Corvette the quickest Modified of the event . The team campaigned a Chevrolet Camaro to win four consecutive NHRA national championships from 1981 to 1984 . Shepherd would return to win the Winternationals twice in Pro Stock , in 1980 and 1984 , while the team won 26 of 56 national events and four championships in that period . In 1983 Shepherd became the first driver to win both the NHRA and IHRA Pro Stock championships in the same year , a feat that has never before , or since , been equalled . In March 1985 , on his way to a fifth straight Pro Stock championship , Shepherd was killed while testing his car in Ardmore , Oklahoma . At the Gatornationals , the next event on the NHRA calendar , the qualifiers in Pro Stock lined up on the track before the start of eliminations in a missing man formation with the pole position being left open for Lee Shepherd . In 2001 , a panel ranked Shepherd twelfth in the National Hot Rod Association Top 50 Drivers , 1951 -- 2000 . He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Fort Worth , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8873a2b3a0db9177504975baede2990f", "text": "Gary McLarty Gary McLarty ( January 16 , 1941 -- October 11 , 2014 ) was an American stunt performer and stunt coordinator for film and television . His abilities earned him the nickname `` Whiz Kid '' in Hollywood . McLarty performed stunts in over 150 films between 1966 and 2004 , among them The Wild Bunch , Little Big Man , The Longest Yard , Blade Runner , The Terminator , Jurassic Park , Heat , and Collateral . He also performed in numerous John Wayne films , including The War Wagon , The Undefeated , Chisum , McQ , and Rooster Cogburn . In addition , he was the stunt coordinator on such films as Animal House , The Blues Brothers , Beverly Hills Cop , Beverly Hills Cop II and Days of Thunder . On Animal House , it was McLarty who , doubling as the character of `` D-Day , '' rode the motorcycle up the fraternity house stairs . He also doubled as Henry Winkler 's Fonzie for that character 's motorcycle scenes on the sitcom Happy Days . In 1982 , McLarty was hired to serve as stunt coordinator on Twilight Zone : The Movie , on which he also doubled for actor Vic Morrow . On July 23 , McLarty was one of six people on board a Bell UH-1 Iroquois being used during the filming of a scene for Twilight Zone when the helicopter spun out of control and crashed , killing Morrow and two children on the ground and injuring McLarty and the others aboard the helicopter . In the subsequent trial , McLarty testified that , prior to the accident , he had warned director John Landis that the stunt was too dangerous . McLarty semi-retired from stunt work in 2004 . The following year , he testified at the murder trial of actor Robert Blake , testifying that Blake offered him $ 10,000 to murder Blake 's wife , Bonnie Lee Bakley ; McLarty declined . Bakley was fatally shot in Blake 's car outside a restaurant in May 2001 . On October 11 , 2014 , McLarty and his friend and fellow stuntman , Bob Orrison , were killed in a traffic collision in Rancho Cordova , California . McLarty was 73 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "df016523629e9ab37e59bc5c40e25de2", "text": "My Everything (Ariana Grande album) My Everything is the second studio album by American singer Ariana Grande , released on August 25 , 2014 by Republic Records . Grande wanted My Everything to sound as `` an evolution '' from her debut album , Yours Truly ( 2013 ) ; it explores more mature themes and genres . In the album 's production , Ariana worked with a host of producers -- including Max Martin , Shellback , Benny Blanco , Ryan Tedder , Darkchild , Ilya Salmanzadeh , Zedd , and David Guetta . Upon its release , the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 , selling 169,000 copies in its first week . It debuted at number one in Australia and Canada as well , and peaked in the top ten of twenty countries worldwide . As of March 2016 , the album has sold 692,000 copies in the United States . My Everything was preceded by the lead single `` Problem '' , which features Australian rapper Iggy Azalea . After its release on April 28 , 2014 , the single debuted at number three the week of May 17 , selling over 400,000 copies in its first week and eventually peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Break Free '' , featuring German-Russian musician and producer Zedd , was released as the second single on July 2 , and peaked at the fourth position on the Hot 100 . The fourth single , `` Love Me Harder '' , featuring The Weeknd , was released on September 30 , 2014 and peaked at number seven . At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015 , My Everything was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c56022a5411dddc5de70acfa5a4f75", "text": "My Generation: The Very Best of The Who My Generation : The Very Best of The Who is one of The Who 's many greatest hits collections , released by Polydor Records internationally and MCA Records in the United States in 1996 . Its release coincided with the release of the remastered original albums ( omitting My Generation for contractual reasons ) and thus contained the newly remastered versions of the songs , and some also remixed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b67b22af09f4cf7e8a725867a755f9", "text": "You to Me Are Everything `` You to Me Are Everything '' is a single by the British soul group The Real Thing . Written by Ken Gold and Michael Denne and produced by Ken Gold , `` You to Me Are Everything '' was The Real Thing 's sole number-one single in the UK Singles chart , spending three weeks at the top in July 1976 . A remixed version of the song returned to the chart in March 1986 reaching number five . The song was a minor hit in the U.S. where it peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number 28 on the Billboard R&B chart . One of the reasons for its lack of success in the U.S. was the flood of cover versions of the song released at the same time . American groups Broadway and Revelation both released versions of the song the same week , and at one point all three versions of the song appeared on Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts . With radio and the public unable to agree on a single popular version , the three singles effectively prevented each other from becoming a hit . The song was subsequently covered by Frankie Valli , Sonia , Tiny Tim , Public Enemy , Sean Maguire and Andy Abraham . In 1997 , the Italian songwriter Marina Rei successfully recorded `` Primavera '' ( `` Spring '' ) , an Italian version of `` You to Me Are Everything '' . A Finnish version entitled `` Ei enempää voi pyytää '' was recorded in 1978 by Petri Pettersson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c5f0c7361b88524bb8649a6e2ed64a3", "text": "List of Romanian Top 100 top 10 singles in 2011 The Romanian Top 100 is the national airplay-based singles chart of Romania . It is weekly and it started running in 1996 . It is recognized as an official chart by the European division of Billboard , Music & Media . Do not confuse the Romanian Top 100 with the Romanian Radio Airplay Chart . This is a list of singles that have peaked in the Top 10 of the Romanian Top 100 during 2011 ( see 2011 in music ) . The first official Romanian Top 100 edition of 2011 was premierly presented on Kiss FM Romania on January 16 , 2011 , while the last issue was presented on December 25 , 2011 . Out of the 69 songs that have peaked in the top ten of the chart , three peaked in 2010 thus excluded , bringing the total to 66 . Rihanna once again has been the most successful international female artist of the year , with four songs reaching the top ten , `` S&M '' , `` Man Down '' , the Calvin Harris collaboration `` We Found Love '' as well as the number one song `` Only Girl ( In the World ) '' . Jennifer Lopez has two top ten hits , topping the chart with her Pitbull collaboration `` On The Floor '' for eight weeks , the most weeks for a song that reached number one in 2011 , whilst the Lil ' Wayne collaboration `` I 'm Into You '' peaked at number six . Pitbull himself became the most successful international male artist , scoring two number one hits with `` On The Floor '' and the Marc Anthony collaboration `` Rain Over Me '' as well as reaching the top three with `` Give Me Everything '' ( featuring Ne-Yo , Afrojack & Nayer ) . Hip hop artist Connect-R , rapper Guess Who and the pop-dance singers Alexandra Stan and Andra were the most successful Romanian artists in 2011 . Connect-R was listed in the top ten with four songs , reaching number seven with his solo single `` Ring The Alarm '' , and being collaboration partner for Puya 's number one song `` Americandrim '' , Jimmy Dub 's `` Monday '' ( number eight ) and DJ Sava 's `` Love You '' ( number six ) . Guess Who 's number one topper `` Tot mai sus '' ( featuring deMoga ) spent the most weeks within the top ten ( 23 weeks ) and was the most successful song of the whole year in the Romanian Top 100 . `` Manifest '' reached number three and `` LaLa Song '' ( with Grasu XXL ) debuted at number six on the last 2011 edition of the chart . Alexandra Stan opened the year at the top of the chart with `` Mr. Saxobeat '' and reached number four with `` Get Back ( ASAP ) '' . Andra 's `` Something New '' climbed up to the top spot in February 2011 , becoming the singers most successful song to date . Then the follow up single `` Telephone '' entered the top ten in September , peaking at number five .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc65b32d932bea6eddd0225188c6036", "text": "All Bad `` All Bad '' is a single by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 11 , 2013 , The song is the sixth in Bieber 's series Music Mondays , the first five being `` Heartbreaker '' ( October 7 , 2013 ) , `` All That Matters '' ( October 14 ) , `` Hold Tight '' ( October 21 ) , `` Recovery '' ( October 28 ) and `` Bad Day '' ( November 4 ) . Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b", "text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81f0fa20d69410f9911ebec9d1730f36", "text": "With All My Might (song) `` With All My Might '' is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist George Fox . It was released in 1990 as the fourth single from his second studio album , With All My Might . It peaked at number 5 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in March 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e5b94ba306119cfeec76943cf83f18d", "text": "Everything I Want to Be Everything I Want to Be is a compilation album recorded by British singer/producer Jack Lucien . Everything I Want to Be was initially meant to serve as Jack 's third studio album , with its track-listing being published in July 2011 . However , he stated on Twitter in September 2011 that instead , he was heading back to the studio and he would instead release a compilation album , featuring 5 new songs as well as old and never heard before material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a16fb832838b291ece7c6a41e8e6ae", "text": "My Favourite Album My Favourite Album was a nationwide poll conducted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to discover Australia 's most popular album . Voting was by phone , SMS or over the ABC 's website between 20 September 2006 to midnight on 18 October 2006 . Much of the poll 's promotion was through the ABC 's music trivia program Spicks and Specks and ABC 's youth radio station Triple J . The end result , as voted by more than 100,000 viewers , had Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon voted Australia 's favourite album . The highest Australian artists on the list are Midnight Oil with 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 at # 23 . The `` Top Ten '' results of the voting was aired at 7.30 pm on Sunday 3 December 2006 , on ABC TV , before a studio audience and reviewed by a panel consisting of comedian Judith Lucy , Australian Idol judge Ian Dickson , Spiderbait vocalist Mark `` Kram '' Maher , singer Renée Geyer , and comedian Chas Licciardello . Between segments of the show , comedian Alan Brough discussed unusual trivia arising from the poll . The show was hosted by Triple J presenter Myf Warhurst . The 90 minute show was rescreened at 3pm on 7 January 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb58c27a964d448eeb90e0c42bf8e75", "text": "Everything (Alanis Morissette song) `` Everything '' is a pop/rock song written by Alanis Morissette and released as the first single from her sixth studio album , So-Called Chaos . The song was featured in the 2006 film Clerks II , and is included on the soundtrack . A segment of the song was also used as one of the music samples included inside Windows XP Media Center Edition in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb6c1eaabb89d674b9cf4e9e3a540a6", "text": "You Are My Everything `` You Are My Everything '' is the 1989 single by Surface . The single was their third number one on the R&B singles chart in the U.S. , as well as their third number one for the 1989 calendar year . `` You Are My Everything '' charted on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number eighty-four .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66beaa429c8888f36e7a01fd082d9896", "text": "My Worlds Acoustic My Worlds Acoustic is the first remix album by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 26 , 2010 and was initially sold exclusively at Walmart retail stores and Sam 's Club . The album features nine acoustic versions of songs from his debut extended play , My World , and first album My World 2.0 , as well as a new song `` Pray . '' The new versions of the songs were produced by Bieber 's music director , Dan Kanter , his vocal producer Kuk Harrell , and also producer Rob Wells . Internationally , the set is included as a part of the compilation album , My Worlds : The Collection , which included songs from the previous two releases . My Worlds Acoustic was released to iTunes , on February 8 , 2011 . According to Bieber , he wanted to release the album for the naysayers who critiqued his actual singing ability . The singer said that he wanted to have an acoustic album , to reflect the effect of production on his vocals . Although labeled as an acoustic album , the songs still include subtle usages of electronic sounds such as synthesizers . The album received generally favorable reviews from critics , however most critics were not satisfied that the album was not genuinely acoustic . In Canada , the song debuted at number five , and later peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart and certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association . My Worlds Acoustic debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 115,000 copies in its first week , becoming Bieber 's third consecutive top ten album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6224fd4987f6ecb349bf72a88abf4efb", "text": "Everything I Love (song) `` Everything I Love '' is a song written by Harley Allen and Carson Chamberlain , and recorded by American country music singer Alan Jackson . It was released in January 1997 as the second single and title track from his album of the same name . The song reached number 9 on the U.S. country singles charts with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188fefaa2a2ae558061fa0c93108bced", "text": "America's Top 10 America 's Top 10 ( commonly abbreviated to AT10 ) was a television program of music hits based on the Billboard Hot 100 , with the exception of the last season in 1992 which used the Radio and Records chart . It aired in syndication by Gold Key Media from 1980 -- 1982 and by All American Television from 1982-1992 . The show was hosted by Casey Kasem , the host of American Top 40 and Casey 's Top 40 , until 1991 . After that point , the show was hosted by Siedah Garrett and then Tommy Puett ; Kasem later returned as host until he closed down the show in 1992 to focus on launching `` Casey 's Countdown , '' an adult contemporary music spinoff of Casey 's Top 40 . From around 1987 onwards , the show was also transmitted by various regions of ITV in the United Kingdom , where it was often broadcast as part of the network 's then-new overnight service . Charlie Tuna served as announcer , and Syd Vinnedge was producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643010387100b1df150caeab46f53613", "text": "List of number-one singles of 2013 (Australia) The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia . Its data , published by the Australian Recording Industry Association , is based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales . In 2013 , seventeen singles claimed the top spot , including `` Thrift Shop '' by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis , which started its peak position in late 2012 . Fifteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead or featured artist : Mary Lambert , Nate Ruess , Baauer , Ray Dalton , Passenger , Daft Punk , Pharrell Williams , Robin Thicke , T.I. , Avicii , 2 Chainz , Redfoo , Dami Im , Taylor Henderson and John Legend . Im and Henderson were the only Australian artists to achieve a number-one single . Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had three number-one singles during the year for `` Thrift Shop '' , `` Same Love '' and `` Ca n't Hold Us '' . Jason Derulo earned two number-one singles for `` Talk Dirty '' and `` Trumpets '' . Pharrell Williams also earned two number-one singles during the year , as a featured artist on Daft Punk 's `` Get Lucky '' and Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' . Katy Perry 's `` Roar '' was the longest-running number-one single of 2013 , having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine weeks . `` Blurred Lines '' was the second longest-running number-one single , with eight consecutive weeks at the top . Passenger 's `` Let Her Go '' stayed at number one for five consecutive weeks , while Avicii 's `` Wake Me Up ! '' topped the chart for six consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "834a0af1aa1edc8b13862aa48966e726", "text": "My Story (Ayumi Hamasaki album) My Story is the sixth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Ayumi Hamasaki , released on December 15 , 2004 by Avex Trax . The album 's lyrics were written in their entirety by Hamasaki herself , with composition on the album handled by a team of composers including Kazuhito Kikuchi , Bounceback , Tetsuya Yukumi , and , on some songs , Hamasaki , under the pen name Crea . By the end of her 2004 arena tour , Hamasaki became dissatisfied with her position at Avex . She felt that the company was treating her as a product rather than a human being and artist . After her two previous efforts , I Am ... and Rainbow , which she felt had been rushed , Hamasaki decided that on her next record she would not write to `` give people hope '' or write `` something good '' ; instead , she simply wrote `` freely and honestly '' with no set theme . These writing sessions resulted in autobiographical lyrics , exploring Hamasaki 's own emotions and reminisces about her career . The music of My Story reflects the free theme of the lyrics ; its noticeable rock overtones expressed Hamasaki 's liking for rock music . Pleased with its sound , Hamasaki declared that My Story was the first album of her career with which she felt truly satisfied . Lead single `` Moments '' was released on March 31 , 2004 to positive reviews from critics , who praised its rock influences . It was a commercial success too , debuting at number one , selling over 300,000 copies , and receiving a platinum certification . The second single , `` Inspire '' , was successful as well , reaching number one and being certified platinum ; it sold over 329,000 units , becoming the highest-selling single from My Story . Similarly , `` Carols '' topped the charts in Japan and was certified Platinum . My Story was positively received by critics , who appreciated its aggressive style compared to Western pop music at the time , and its alternative sound . A commercial success , it became Hamasaki 's sixth consecutive number-one album in Japan , debuting at the top spot with first week sales of 574,321 copies . In its 43-week chart run , My Story sold 1,132,444 copies and became the seventh best-selling album of the year in Japan . Combined with the sales of its three singles , My Story sold 2,073,640 copies and is the 222nd best-selling album in Japan of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fa8fa74fe7afccbd3dff3130683c76", "text": "Collect – 12\" Mixes Plus Culture Club Collect -- 12 '' Mixes Plus is a compilation album by British band Culture Club , first released in 1991 by Virgin for the VIP Series . The album includes remixes and extended versions of Culture Club songs that were recorded for their first four albums ( 1982 -- 1986 ) plus a couple of their stand-out tracks , some B-sides as well as the P. W. Botha 12 '' Remix of lead singer Boy George 's solo British and European Number One single `` Everything I Own '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6d6c7c5617dcff222b3a65d1d38b71", "text": "Stefanie Heinzmann discography Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann has released four regular studio albums and fourteen singles on Universal Music Domestic . In 2008 , Heinzmann won SSDSDSSWEMUGABRTLAD , a talent contest hosted in Stefan Raab 's Late-Night-Show TV total on the German ProSieben network , and was subsequently offered a recording contract with Universal Music Domestic . Her final song `` My Man Is a Mean Man '' debuted straight on top of the Swiss Singles Chart and reached the top ten in Austria and Germany , where it became a successful airplay hit during the following months . Her debut album Masterplan , primarily produced by Paul NZA and Marek Pompetzki , was released on March 7 , 2008 , throughout German-speaking Europe . Just as the singles , it made it to the top ten in Austria and Germany and also debuted atop the album charts in Switzerland , where it was certified platinum by the IFPI for 30,000 copies sold . In September 2009 , Heinzmann 's second album Roots to Grow was released . Albeit less successful commercially than her previous release , it peaked at number four on the Swiss Albums Chart and made it to the top twenty in Germany . Leading single `` No One ( Can Ever Change My Mind ) '' reached the top thirty of the Swiss Single Chart . Following a longer hiatus , Heinzmann released her self-titled third album in 2012 . The album 's first offering , `` Diggin ' in the Dirt '' reached number six in Switzerland as well as the top twenty and top thirty in Germany and Switzerland respectively , marking her highest-charting single since `` My Man Is a Mean Man '' . Equally successful , Stefanie Heinzmann became a top ten success in both Switzerland and Germany .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "77b65aef392540e34f2337403f122ee4", "text": "Chris Weitz Christopher John `` Chris '' Weitz ( born November 30 , 1969 ) is an American film producer , screenwriter , author , occasional actor , and film director . He is the brother of filmmaker Paul Weitz . He is best known for his work with his brother on the comedy films American Pie and About a Boy , the latter of which was Oscar-nominated for adapted screenplay . Weitz directed the film adaptation of the novel The Golden Compass and the film adaptation of New Moon from the series of Twilight books , as well wrote the screenplay for Disney 's 2015 live-action adaptation of Cinderella and co-wrote Rogue One : A Star Wars Story alongside with Tony Gilroy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aabb9c9f483679927d595ba833bc42ca", "text": "David A. Weitz David A. Weitz ( born October 3 , 1951 ) is a Canadian/American physicist and Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics & Applied Physics and professor of Systems Biology at Harvard University . He is the co-director of the BASF Advanced Research Initiative at Harvard , co-director of the Harvard Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology , and director of the Harvard Materials Research Science & Engineering Center . He is best known for his work in the areas of diffusing-wave spectroscopy , microrheology , microfluidics , rheology , fluid mechanics , interface and colloid science , colloid chemistry , biophysics , complex fluids , soft condensed matter physics , phase transitions , the study of glass and amorphous solids , liquid crystals , self-assembly , surface-enhanced light scattering , and diffusion-limited aggregation . More recently , his laboratory has developed Force spectrum microscopy , which is capable of measuring random intracellular forces . As of July 2013 , he has a Hirsch index of 94 . Weitz received his B.Sc . in Physics from the University of Waterloo and his PhD in superconductivity from Harvard . He then worked as a research physicist at Exxon Research and Engineering for nearly 18 years , leading the Interfaces and Inhomogeneous Materials Group and Complex Fluids Area . He then became a Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania , before moving to Harvard in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5d40f9c22c379a2ca99608aae68045", "text": "Chris Thompson (TV producer) Chris Thompson ( 1952 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was an American television writer , producer and director . Since 1977 , he wrote and produced for the television series Laverne & Shirley and The Larry Sanders Show . He had also created , written and produced Bosom Buddies , The Naked Truth , Action , Ladies Man and the Disney Channel original series , Shake It Up ! , as well co-written the feature films Jumpin ' Jack Flash and Back to the Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4ef5028488c66e3f706dd901098bbad", "text": "Chris Booker Chris Booker ( born May 20 , 1971 ) is an American radio and TV personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee9341368b26586847db6b063905085", "text": "Chris Carlin Chris `` The Continent '' Carlin ( born September 16 , 1972 in Morristown , New Jersey ) is an American television and radio personality . Carlin is the co-host of Carlin & Reese on local Philadelphia sports radio station 94.1 WIP . Carlin joined the station in November 2016 , after 8 1/2 years on SNY , the TV home of the New York Mets . While at SNY , Carlin co-hosted Loud Mouths , a PTI-esque sports debate program from its inception on March 24 , 2008 until his departure . Also , he and on-air partner Bob Ojeda co-hosted pre - and post-game telecasts for New York Mets games on SNY for 5 seasons , from 2009-2013 . He also hosted SportsNite , SNY 's nightly New York sports recap program . Carlin is also the play-by-play voice for Rutgers football games , and from 2008-2016 he also called Rutgers Men 's Basketball games . He began at Rutgers as the sideline reporter for football in 2001 , and took over the play-by-play duties at Rutgers in 2004 when Tom McCarthy , the TV voice of the Philadelphia Phillies departed Rutgers . Carlin spent the first 13 years of his professional career at WFAN in New York . Beginning as an intern in 1995 , he worked his way up to producer for the legendary `` Mike & The Mad Dog Show , '' co-hosted by Mike Francesa & Christopher ` Mad Dog ' Russo . Carlin produced the show for 6 1/2 years , during which time his on air role grew with the station . He briefly hosted overnights , and served as sports anchor on the ` Imus in the Morning ' program ( 2005-2007 ) & `` Boomer & Carton '' program ( 2007-2008 . ) In addition , he hosted `` The Morning Warmup , '' a one-hour preshow for Boomer & Carton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d1a7fcebe4dceaeda1cf6818aebd72", "text": "Catholic Campaign for America The Catholic Campaign for America ( CCA ) is a Roman Catholic activist organization founded in 1989 by Thomas V. Wykes , Jr. , `` who wanted to address the moral crisis in America with a Catholic response '' . In 1991 , Wykes gathered together several notable Catholic leaders in Washington , D.C. , who constituted the CCA 's first Board . They included William Bennett , Mary Ellen Bork , Bishop René Henry Gracida , and the now-deceased Hugh Carey ( former Governor of New York ) . According to the National Catholic Register , the CCA was initiated to `` bring a politically powerful and distinctively Catholic voice to the U.S. political scene '' . Wykes is also the founding president of Springtime of Faith Foundation , headquartered in Nashville , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76b77981267bd067c4fbe7c969fb437", "text": "America (2011 film) America is a 2011 Puerto Rican drama film directed by Sonia Fritz . The film was selected as the Puerto Rican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but was disqualified because of a rule change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce43682a9c42308578b98158a47add9", "text": "Unleashed (Hurricane Chris album) Unleashed is the second studio album by American rapper Hurricane Chris . It was released on December 21 , 2009 , by Polo Grounds Music and J Records . This record would later be his final studio release with Polo Grounds and J Records . Recording sessions took place from 2008 to 2009 , featuring the executive production from Hurricane Chris himself , alongside Bryan Leach and Anthony Murray . Aside from the executive production , the album features the production from Play-N-Skillz , Shawty Redd and Fiend , among others . The album was supported by two singles : `` Halle Berry ( She 's Fine ) '' featuring Superstarr , and `` Headboard '' featuring Mario and Plies , which both of these singles did not have success on the music charts . Upon its release , the album received mixed or average reviews from critics . Unleashed did not chart internationally , however , it reached at number 46 on the US Billboards R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , and number 20 on the US Billboards Top Rap Albums charts , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2776a980f837d1b8951a8e1e84656fd3", "text": "Chris Cornell Chris Cornell ( born Christopher John Boyle ; July 20 , 1964 -- May 18 , 2017 ) was an American musician , singer , and songwriter . He was best known as lead vocalist for the bands Soundgarden and Audioslave . He was a two-time Grammy winner ( out of 14 nominations ) and was also known for his numerous solo works , soundtrack contributions since 1991 and as founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog , the one-off tribute band dedicated to his friend , the late Andrew Wood . Cornell , who is considered one of the architects of the 1990s grunge movement , is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter , for his nearly four-octave vocal range , and for his powerful vocal belting technique . He released four solo studio albums , Euphoria Morning ( 1999 ) , Carry On ( 2007 ) , Scream ( 2009 ) , Higher Truth ( 2015 ) , and the live album Songbook ( 2011 ) . Cornell received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his song `` The Keeper '' which appeared in the film Machine Gun Preacher and co-wrote and performed the theme song to the James Bond film Casino Royale ( 2006 ) , `` You Know My Name '' . The last solo release by Chris was the charity single `` The Promise '' , written for the ending credits for the film of the same name . He was voted `` Rock 's Greatest Singer '' by readers of Guitar World , ranked 4th in the list of `` Heavy Metal 's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists '' by Hit Parader , 9th in the list of `` Best Lead Singers of All Time '' by Rolling Stone , and 12th in MTV 's `` 22 Greatest Voices in Music '' . According to Nielsen Music , across his entire catalog ( Soundgarden , Audioslave and solo career ) , Cornell sold 14.8 million albums , 8.8 million digital songs , 300 million on-demand audio streams in the U.S. and sold over 30 million records worldwide as of 2017 . Cornell was found dead from suicide in his Detroit hotel room early on the morning of May 18 , 2017 , following a Soundgarden concert the night before . He suffered from depression and had substance abuse problems earlier in life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2c996a0a0546bbae2bda7246b647a5", "text": "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' is the twenty-second episode of Family Guys third season , and the original series finale . It originally aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim on November 9 , 2003 , and on Fox on December 10 , 2004 . In the episode , Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his financial woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the idea of converting Chris to Judaism so he will be successful in life . Lois attempts to stop him , believing that success is not based on religion . `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Dan Povenmire . The episode was intended to air in 2000 as the beginning of the third season way after production was made years ago , but Fox executives were concerned about its content , believing it could be interpreted as anti-Semitic , and did not allow it to air on television . Due to popular demand , it was instead aired on Adult Swim in 2003 . This episode features guest performances from Andrea Beutener , Mark Hamill , Phil LaMarr , Ed McMahon , Peter Riegert , Mary Scheer , Ben Stein , and Nicole Sullivan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fce8e3457ccab70ca3a534f6c27f0add", "text": "Chris Cosentino Chris Cosentino is an American celebrity chef and reality television personality known as the winner of Top Chef Masters , a competitor on The Next Iron Chef and for his appearances on Iron Chef America . He is known for his haute cuisine offal dishes , and was chef-partner at Incanto in San Francisco . Incanto closed on March 24 , 2014 , and has reopened as Cockscomb . As of September 2009 , he was writing a book on offal cookery , and he maintained an offal-themed website , Offal Good . Forbes Traveler called Incanto `` perhaps America 's most adventurous nose-to-tail restaurant ... On offer are lamb 's necks , pig trotters and a five-course nose-to-tail tasting menu perhaps including venison kidneys and chocolate-blood panna cotta . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b392c8939ebfbf08c9d1c3ace5968ab8", "text": "Chris Valentino Chris Valentino is an American producer , brand strategist and visual storyteller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f242fef82cf8966ff26dd054541d8180", "text": "Andrew Weinberg Andrew Weinberg ( born 1976 ) is an American television writer , known for his work on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien . He is also a co-creator and co-writer of the television series Eagleheart ( TV series ) . The quarter-hour series is a parody of action crime dramas like Walker , Texas Ranger and originated in Conan O'Brien 's Conaco Prods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fce6826d53c24c7eab04627c596e85", "text": "Speedin' Bullet 2 Heaven Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Kid Cudi . The album was released on December 4 , 2015 , through Republic Records and Cudi 's Wicked Awesome Records imprint . The album is a complete departure from his previous projects , excluding WZRD , a 2012 collaborative effort which was his first venture into rock music . Inspired by the 1990 's indie music scene , Cudi included commissioned skits featuring Mike Judge voicing the title characters of his 90 's animated sitcom , Beavis and Butt-Head . Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven , described by Cudi as alternative music , is the follow-up to his 2014 digital release , Satellite Flight : The Journey to Mother Moon . Serving as a double disc effort , the album comes with 26 tracks in total , with the actual album on Side A containing 18 , while Side B is composed of eight tracks , which are mostly demos and outtakes . The album , primarily produced by Cudi himself , was supported by two official singles , `` Confused ! '' and the title track `` Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven '' . In support of the album , Kid Cudi embarked on a national concert tour , which he called `` The Especial Tour '' . The album received mixed to negative reviews from critics and charted at number 36 on the US Billboard 200 , becoming Cudi 's lowest-charting album to date .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4ef18b3290d7f681c93bba29e02d77c7", "text": "Patrick Bateman Patrick Bateman is a fictional character , the villain protagonist and narrator of the novel American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis , and its film adaptation . He is a wealthy , materialistic Wall Street investment banker who leads a double life as a serial killer . Bateman has also briefly appeared in other Ellis novels .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b1102a0c0886a1e0179ebdebbe74cdff", "text": "Law enforcement Law enforcement is any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering , deterring , rehabilitating , or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society . Although the term may encompass entities such as courts and prisons , it is most frequently applied to those who directly engage in patrols or surveillance to dissuade and discover criminal activity , and those who investigate crimes and apprehend offenders , a task typically carried out by the police or another law enforcement agency . Furthermore , although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of crimes , organizations exist to discourage a wide variety of non-criminal violations of rules and norms , effected through the imposition of less severe consequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4db91771717b8573634affb5409f5cd", "text": "Law enforcement in France Law enforcement in France has a long history dating back to AD 570 , when night watch systems were commonplace . Policing is centralized at the national level . Recently , legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the `` police municipale '' . There are two national police forces called `` Police nationale '' and `` Gendarmerie nationale '' . The Prefecture of Police of Paris provides policing services directly to Paris as a subdivision of France 's Ministry of the Interior . Within these national forces only certain designated police officers have the power to conduct criminal investigations which are supervised by investigative magistrates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e37ac4f47e76b2885bd540ad93aeeea", "text": "Leg before wicket Leg before wicket ( lbw ) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket . Following an appeal by the fielding side , the umpire may rule a batsman out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket , but was instead intercepted by any part of the batsman 's body ( except the hand holding the bat ) . The umpire 's decision will depend on a number of criteria , including where the ball pitched , whether the ball hit in line with the wickets , and whether the batsman was attempting to hit the ball . Leg before wicket first appeared in the laws of cricket in 1774 , as batsmen began to use their pads to prevent the ball hitting their wicket . Over several years , refinements were made to clarify where the ball should pitch and to remove the element of interpreting the batsman 's intentions . The 1839 version of the law used a wording that remained in place for nearly 100 years . However , from the latter part of the 19th century , batsmen became increasingly expert at `` pad-play '' to reduce the risk of their dismissal . Following a number of failed proposals for reform , in 1935 the law was expanded , such that batsmen could be dismissed lbw even if the ball pitched outside the line of off stump . Critics felt this change made the game unattractive as it encouraged negative tactics at the expense of leg spin bowling . After considerable debate and various experiments , the law was changed again in 1972 . In an attempt to reduce pad-play the new version , which is used to this day , allowed batsmen to be out lbw in some circumstances if they did not attempt to hit the ball with their bat . Since the 1990s , the availability of television replays and , later , ball-tracking technology to assist umpires has increased the percentage of lbws in major matches . However , the accuracy of the technology and the consequences of its use remain controversial . In his 1995 survey of cricket laws , Gerald Brodribb states : `` No dismissal has produced so much argument as lbw ; it has caused trouble from its earliest days '' . Owing to its complexity , the law is widely misunderstood among the general public and has proven controversial among spectators , administrators and commentators ; lbw decisions have sometimes caused crowd trouble . Since the law 's introduction , the proportion of lbw dismissals has risen steadily through the years . Statistics reveal that the probability of a batsman being dismissed lbw in a Test match varies depending on where the match is played and which teams are playing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f336ade813503c9d9af3191b387dd2f1", "text": "Congressional power of enforcement A Congressional power of enforcement is included in a number of amendments to the United States Constitution . The language `` The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation '' is used , with slight variations , in Amendments XIII , XIV , XV , XVIII , XIX , XXIII , XXIV , and XXVI . The variations in the pertinent language are as follows : the Thirteenth Amendment leaves out the word `` the '' , the Fourteenth Amendment states `` The Congress shall have the power to enforce , by appropriate legislation , the provisions of this article . '' and the Eighteenth Amendment states `` The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "611905283c87e4bd3d4b3cb88d7591a1", "text": "Patrick Bet-David Patrick Bet-David is an American entrepreneur and financial advisor . In the late 1980s he fled Iran with his father during the Iran -- Iraq War ; they lived for two years in a refugee camp in Germany before immigrating to the US in 1990 , when Bet-David was 12 years old . After high school he enlisted in the US army and served with the 101st Airborne Division . After leaving the Army he got a job at Morgan Stanley . After a dinner event with George Will in 2009 , he launched a website called Saving America and later a radio show broadcast in Los Angeles , to encourage people to be entrepreneurial and to educate people about fiscal responsibility . Later that year he opened a financial services agency offering term and permanent insurance , debt settlements , and 401 ( k ) rollovers into indexed annuities called PHP Agency , which stood for `` People Helping People '' . Before starting People Helping People , he was part of another financial marketing organization called World Financial Group from 2002-2009 . He went on to become one of the Chairmans of the company before 2009 where he began PHP Agency . In 2013 he gave interviews advising people to avoid debt , and based on the housing market at that time , not to buy houses but instead rent , and to use any wealth they had acquired to start a business . In 2015 he gave an interview advising people graduating from high school to avoid the debt of going to college unless they had a clear professional goal of being a doctor or lawyer or want to play professional sports , and advised them instead to travel or intern for a year . Bet-David has published four books , The 25 Laws for Doing the Impossible ( 2011 ) , The Next Perfect Storm ( 2012 ) , `` The Life of an Entrepreneur in 90 Pages '' ( 2016 ) and his most controversial publication , `` Drop Out and Get Schooled '' ( 2017 ) . Doing the Impossible is a self-help book about realizing your goals , The Perfect Storm tries to teach people how to profit from bubbles like the real estate market in the 2000s and the stock market of the late 1990s , Entrepreneur in 90 pages outlines a basis for starting a business and Drop out addresses the problems with modern day higher education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3392d9c4bdaa94eb0fccf094792bba2", "text": "Stand-your-ground law A stand-your-ground law ( sometimes called `` line in the sand '' or `` no duty to retreat '' law ) is a justification in a criminal case , whereby defendants can `` stand their ground '' and use force without retreating , in order to protect and defend themselves or others against threats or perceived threats . An example is where there is no duty to retreat from any place where they have a lawful right to be , and that they may use any level of force if they reasonably believe the threat rises to the level of being an imminent and immediate threat of serious bodily harm or death . One case describes `` the ` stand your ground ' law ... a person has a right to expect absolute safety in a place they have a right to be , and may use deadly force to repel an unlawful intruder . '' Justification using stand-your-ground laws may be limited in that the justification can not be used in some cases where defendant was engaged in other illegal conduct at the time , when '' -LSB- the defendant -RSB- was engaged in illegal activities and not entitled to benefit from provisions of the ` stand your ground ' law '' . This castle doctrine gives immunity from liability to individuals ( i.e. , there is no duty to retreat ) when an intruder enters their home . Of these , twenty-two jurisdictions have also extended the immunity to other locations , some extending it to anywhere where a person may legally be . Other restrictions may still exist , however . For example , a person carrying a firearm or other weapon in public ( whether concealed or openly ) must do so in a legal manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa7de58fa0cd9a790bd0743472d8d3d", "text": "Ward (law) In law , a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian . The wardship jurisdiction is an ancient jurisdiction derived from the Crown 's duty as parens patriae to protect his/her subject , and particularly those unable to look after themselves . In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms , the Queen as parens patriae is mother for all the children in her realms . A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual , usually either a child or incapacitated person , in which case the ward is known as a ward of the court or a ward of the state . However , the House of Lords in the case of Re F ( Mental Patient : Sterilisation ) held that the Queen has no parens patriae jurisdiction with regard to mentally handicapped adults . In Australia , New Zealand and the United States , the child is termed a ward of the court . In Ireland and the United Kingdom `` the '' is not used ; the ward is thus termed a ward of court . In Canada the legal term is Crown ward . Children who are in the custody of government departments , also known as foster care , become wards of the respective government entity , and in the US wards of the states in which they reside . The government or state is in loco parentis to the child , which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child 's behalf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a9d331dc71b1cf1ac754e8c7e982680", "text": "California Assembly Bill 962 (2009) California Assembly Bill 962 ( 2009 ) ( AB 962 ) was a gun control law in California , authored by Assemblyman Kevin de León , and signed into law by Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger on October 11 , 2009 . AB 962 was set to take effect on February 1 , 2011 , but was ruled unconstitutional by Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton on January 18 , 2011 , in Parker v. California . AB 962 would have required that all transfers of ownership of `` handgun ammunition '' be done in a face-to-face transaction , with the deliverer or transferor being provided bona fide evidence of identity of the purchaser or other transferee . As part of every `` handgun ammunition '' transfer , AB 962 would have required vendors to record and maintain , for a time period no less than five years : the transaction date , the ammunition brand and caliber , the processor 's name , as well as the purchaser 's driver license number , signature , name , right thumbprint , residential address , phone number , and date of birth . The bill also aimed to stop felony gang crimes by making it a misdemeanor to possess ammunition while associating with a criminal street gang . On August 19 , 2010 , the NRA-CRPA Foundation Legal Action Project filed a lawsuit challenging AB 962 . The lead plaintiff in the lawsuit was Tehama County Sheriff Clay Parker . The lawsuit alleged that the mandates in AB 962 were incomprehensible , and that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was unconstitutionally vague . On January 18 , 2011 , Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton ruled , in Parker v. California , that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was indeed unconstitutionally vague . The Court enjoined enforcement of the bill . Mail order ammunition sales to California therefore continue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094e60375715ae43e892b5d04dffbebb", "text": "Perfect crime Perfect crime is a colloquial term used in law and fiction ( especially crime fiction ) to characterize crimes that are undetected , unattributed to a perpetrator , or else unsolved as a kind of technical achievement on the part of the perpetrator . In certain contexts , the concept of perfect crime is limited to just undetected crimes ; if an event is ever identified as a crime , some investigators say it can not be called `` perfect '' . A perfect crime should be distinguished from one that has merely not been solved yet or where everyday chance or procedural matters frustrate a conviction . There is an element that the crime is ( or appears likely to be ) unable to be solved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b84cc60bb1c49d53c5185f3cb0ca2f", "text": "Peter Lawford Peter Sydney Ernest Lawford ( born Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen ; 7 September 1923 -- 24 December 1984 ) was a British actor who lived in the United States throughout his adult life . He was a member of the `` Rat Pack '' and brother-in-law to President John F. Kennedy . In later years , he was noted more for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting . From the 1940s to the 1960s , he had a strong presence in popular culture and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8528f82deb351903729931172bc2cac", "text": "Precedent In legal systems based on common law , a precedent , or authority , is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts . Common law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes , and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained . The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis . Black 's Law Dictionary defines `` precedent '' as a `` rule of law established for the first time by a court for a particular type of case and thereafter referred to in deciding similar cases . '' Common law precedent is a third kind of law , on equal footing with statutory law ( statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies ) , and Delegated legislation ( in U.K. parlance ) or regulatory law ( in U.S. parlance ) ( regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies ) . Case law , in common law jurisdictions , is the set of decisions of adjudicatory tribunals or other rulings that can be cited as precedent . In most countries , including most European countries , the term is applied to any set of rulings on law which is guided by previous rulings , for example , previous decisions of a government agency . Essential to the development of case law is the publication and indexing of decisions for use by lawyers , courts and the general public , in the form of law reports . While all decisions are precedent ( though at varying levels of authority as discussed throughout this article ) , some become `` leading cases '' or `` landmark decisions '' that are cited especially often .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6885710cab44be085da550900cf4e4", "text": "Follow-on In cricket , a follow-on is where the team that bats second is forced to take its second batting innings immediately after its first , because the team was not able to get close enough to the score achieved by the first team batting in the first innings . If the second team to bat scores substantially fewer runs than the first team , the first team have the option of enforcing the follow-on , that is , instructing the second team to bat again immediately . In this case the sequence of batting innings will be first team , second team , second team and then , if required , the first team again . This is in contrast to the normal progression of batting innings which is first team , second team , first team , second team . The first team may choose not to enforce the follow-on , and bat themselves instead . The rules governing the circumstances in which the follow-on may be enforced are found in Law 13 of the Laws of Cricket .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e", "text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979e9b608411e33e2e4dd1d93038d4d5", "text": "Reasonable doubt Reasonable doubt is a term used in jurisdiction of Anglo-Saxon countries . Evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt is the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems . Generally , prosecutors bear the burden of proof and are required to prove their version of events to this standard . This means that the proposition being presented by the prosecution must be proven to the extent that there could be no `` reasonable doubt '' in the mind of a `` reasonable person '' that the defendant is guilty . There can still be a doubt , but only to the extent that it would not affect a reasonable person 's belief regarding whether or not the defendant is guilty . Beyond `` the shadow of a doubt '' is sometimes used interchangeably with beyond reasonable doubt , but this extends beyond the latter , to the extent that it may be considered an impossible standard . The term `` reasonable doubt '' is therefore used . If doubt does affect a `` reasonable person 's '' belief that the defendant is guilty , the jury is not satisfied beyond `` reasonable doubt '' . The precise meaning of words such as `` reasonable '' and `` doubt '' are usually defined within jurisprudence of the applicable country . A related idea is Blackstone 's formulation `` It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer '' . Beyond a reasonable doubt is the highest burden of proof in any court in the United States . Criminal cases must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09cd81e6952eb668ea99ba5f73ceae48", "text": "Caroline affair The Caroline affair ( also known as the Caroline case ) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States , Britain , and the Canadian independence movement . It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels , commanding the ship Caroline , fled to an island in the Niagara River , with support from nearby American citizens . British forces then boarded the ship , killed an American crew member in the fighting , and then burned the ship and sent it over Niagara Falls . This action outraged the United States . In retaliations , a group of American and Canadian raiders attacked a British ship and destroyed it . There were several other attacks in 1838 between the British and Americans . The diplomatic crisis was defused by the negotiations that led to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842 , where both the Americans and British admitted to wrongdoing . In the aftermath , the incident led to the legal principle of the Caroline test . The principle states that the necessity for preemptive self-defense must be `` instant , overwhelming , and leaving no choice of means , and no moment for deliberation '' , as formulated by Daniel Webster in his response to British claims that they attacked the Caroline in self-defense . The Caroline test remains accepted as part of international law today . In 2008 , Thomas Nichols wrote :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc9719f127b915043d3a4b01e11d9fc", "text": "Lennie Briscoe Leonard W. `` Lennie '' Briscoe is a fictional character on NBC 's long-running police procedural and legal drama television series Law & Order . He was created by Walon Green and René Balcer , and was portrayed by Jerry Orbach . He was featured on the show for 12 seasons , from 1992 to 2004 ; making him one of the longest-serving main characters in the series ' 20-year-run history , as well as the longest-serving police detective on the show . He also appeared in three Law & Order spin-offs , and was part of the original cast of Law & Order : Trial by Jury , appearing in only the first two episodes due to Orbach 's death . He appears in 282 episodes ( 273 episodes of Law & Order , two episodes of Law & Order : Trial by Jury , one episode of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , three episodes of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , and three episodes of Homicide : Life on the Street ) , the TV movie Exiled and the Law & Order video games Dead on the Money , Double or Nothing , Justice is Served and Legacies . Orbach 's performance as Briscoe on the New York-based series was so popular that it resulted in him being declared a `` Living Landmark '' by the New York Landmarks Conservancy , along with fellow longtime series cast member Sam Waterston ( who portrayed the prosecutor Jack McCoy on the show ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20065e4eb15e3039e1a1f57f8c9e5387", "text": "Patriot Act, Title III, Subtitle B The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11 attacks in 2001 . It has ten titles , with the third title ( `` Title III : International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 '' ) written to prevent , detect , and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism . Title III is itself divided into three subtitles . The second subtitle , entitled Subtitle B : Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements , largely modifies the Bank Secrecy Act ( BSA ) to make it harder for money launderers to operate , and to make it easier for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to police money laundering operations . The BSA was amended to allow the designated officer or agency who receives suspicious transaction reports to notify U.S. intelligence agencies . It also addresses issues of record keeping and reporting by making it easier to undertake the reporting of suspicious transactions ; by making it a requirement that financial institutions report suspicious transactions ; through the creation of anti-money laundering programs and by better defining anti-money laundering strategy ; and by making it a requirement that anyone who does business file a report for any coin and foreign currency receipts that are over US$ 10,000 . The subtitle increases civil and criminal penalties for money laundering and introduces penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and certain recordkeeping requirements . Subtitle B legislated for the creation of a secure network which can be used by financial institutions to report suspicious transactions and which can also give them alerts of relevant suspicious activities . Subtitle B also makes FinCEN a bureau of the United States Department of Treasury . The subtitle allows the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to authorize personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect the premises , grounds , property and personnel of any U.S. Federal reserve bank , and allows them to delegate this authority to U.S. Federal Reserve Banks . It instructs any United States Executive Directors of international financial institutions to use their voice and vote to support any country that has taken action to support the U.S. 's War on Terrorism , and to require such Executive Directors to provide ongoing auditing of disbursements made from their institutions to ensure that no funds are paid to persons who commit , threaten to commit , or support terrorism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b78ce2b325527d97df48bf696532fda", "text": "Imprisonment for public protection In England and Wales , the imprisonment for public protection ( IPP ) sentence was a form of indeterminate sentence introduced by s. 225 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 ( with effect from 2005 ) and abolished in 2012 . It was intended to protect the public against criminals whose crimes were not serious enough to merit a normal life sentence but who were regarded as too dangerous to be released when the term of their original sentence had expired . It is composed of a punitive `` tariff '' intended to be proportionate to the gravity of the crime committed and an indeterminate period which commences after the expiration of the tariff and lasts until the Parole Board judges the prisoner no longer poses a risk to the public and is fit to be released . The equivalent for under-18s was called detention for public protection , introduced by s. 226 of the 2003 Act . The sentences came into effect on 4 April 2005 . Although there is no limit to how long prisoners can be detained under IPPs , and some may never be released , they may be released on review ; an IPP sentence is not a sentence of life imprisonment with a whole-life tariff . In 2007 the Queen 's Bench Division of the High Court ruled that the continued incarceration of prisoners serving IPPs after tariff expiry where the prisons lack the facilities and courses required to assess their suitability for release was unlawful , bringing up concern that many dangerous offenders would be freed . In 2010 a joint report by the chief inspectors of prisons and probation concluded that IPP sentences were unsustainable with UK prison overcrowding . In 2012 the IPP sentence for new cases was abolished by the Legal Aid , Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act , although over 6,000 prison inmates remained imprisoned for public protection ; over 4,600 remained . Three-quarters of them had completed their minimum term , and about 400 had served five times the minimum . The government 's policy was that IPP prisoners should remain in prison until it is deemed that the risks they pose if released are manageable .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fb534a195816a7bba5050be8746a3bad", "text": "Chris Noth Christopher David `` Chris '' Noth ( -LSB- ` no : th -RSB- ; born November 13 , 1954 ) is an American actor . He is known for his television roles as Detective Mike Logan on Law & Order ( 1990 -- 95 ) , Mr. Big on Sex and the City ( 1998 -- 2004 ) , and Governor Peter Florrick on The Good Wife ( 2009 -- 16 ) . He reprised his role of Mike Logan on Law & Order : Criminal Intent ( 2005 -- 08 ) , and reprised his role of Mr. Big in the films , Sex and the City ( 2008 ) and Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) . He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for Sex and the City in 1999 and for The Good Wife in 2010 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b837b317c3ed877d152c94544c7d6b", "text": "Chris Orbach Christopher Ben `` Chris '' Orbach ( born November 11 , 1968 ) is an actor , singer-songwriter , and voice actor who is the youngest son of late Law & Order star Jerry Orbach and his first wife , Marta Curro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e892e9fad020ffb21ba3880939ce54", "text": "Matthew Greenfield Matthew Greenfield ( born September 14 , 1968 ) a producer of independent films . He is senior vice-president of production at Fox Searchlight . He was formerly the associate director of the Sundance Institute Feature Film Program . Greenfield attended the Crossroads School , a private school associated with the entertainment industry , and later attended Wesleyan University . At Wesleyan , he met future collaborator Miguel Arteta . Greenfield and Arteta teamed up to make Star Maps , which debuted in 1997 at the Sundance Film Festival and received five Independent Spirit Award nominations , including Best First Feature . They followed with Chuck & Buck in 2000 , for which they won the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for Best Low Budget Feature , and The Good Girl in 2002 , starring Jennifer Aniston . In 2005 Greenfield worked as a producer on The Motel and Are You the Favorite Person of Anybody ? Greenfield started Cloverfield Press , a boutique publishing company , in 2004 with his wife , Laurence Dumortier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f4990a17b2864044fbe07cb735c2f9c", "text": "Chris Attoh Chris Attoh ( born Christopher Keith Nii Attoh ; 17 May 1979 ) is a Ghanaian actor , on-air personality , television presenter and producer . He is best known as `` Kwame Mensah '' in Nigerian soap opera Tinsel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3410f0b5b385237ab4c4c36bd236479", "text": "Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 may refer to : 15th Critics ' Choice Awards , the fifteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2010 16th Critics ' Choice Awards , the sixteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2011 and which honored the best in film for 2010", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf03c88faeb44e3c8ab7b9a213f77da1", "text": "Chen Jianbin Chen Jianbin ( born June 27 , 1970 ) is a Chinese actor active in television and film . He is most notable for the portrayal of Cao Cao in the 2010 television series Three Kingdoms , for which he won the Best Actor Award at the 2011 Seoul International Drama Awards in Seoul , South Korea . Chen married his Qiao 's Grand Courtyard costar Jiang Qinqin in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e507fd69a4b141fbf07d6ef5237ec1", "text": "The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30335ddaab944bb2fdd0e3eae455e5ac", "text": "36th César Awards The 36th César Awards ceremony was presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma in Paris , France to honour its selection of the best French films of 2010 on 25 February 2011 . The ceremony was chaired by Jodie Foster and hosted by Antoine de Caunes . The audience gave a standing ovation to Olivia de Havilland , their `` special honored guest '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab5fe3de66e29b040c935a3088f0243b", "text": "A Good Marriage (film) A Good Marriage is a 2014 American psychological thriller film based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King , from the 2010 collection Full Dark , No Stars . It stars Joan Allen , Anthony LaPaglia , Kristen Connolly and Stephen Lang . It was released on October 3 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a64e1f33ff3858c26086a9a1ad1d7f", "text": "Country Strong Country Strong ( originally titled Love Do n't Let Me Down ) is a 2010 drama film starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Tim McGraw , Garrett Hedlund , and Leighton Meester . The film , about an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career , was directed and written by American filmmaker Shana Feste . It premiered in Nashville , Tennessee on November 8 , 2010 , and had a wide release in the United States on January 7 , 2011 . This is the second film in which McGraw and Hedlund have worked together , the first being Friday Night Lights in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6645305fff5b28c7b54f23faa4d6c243", "text": "Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 . Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include : What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ? What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ? Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce : `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b739d80faf0363473f0ffd0809b696f", "text": "Conviction (2010 film) Conviction is a 2010 legal drama film directed by Tony Goldwyn , written by Pamela Gray , and starring Hilary Swank and Sam Rockwell . The film premiered on September 11 , 2010 , at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the US on October 15 , 2010 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac1b1c68106328ec978e4169d01653eb", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter . A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos . The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine , in the first novel , to thirty-one by the fifth . Three main stories interweave a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros , the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros , and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the deposed king 's exiled daughter , to assume the Iron Throne . Martin 's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and the French historical novels The Accursed Kings by Maurice Druon . A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion , as well as its realism . An assortment of disparate and subjective points of view confronts the reader , and the success or survival of point of view characters is never assured . Within the often morally ambiguous world of A Song of Ice and Fire , questions concerning loyalty , pride , human sexuality , piety , and the morality of violence frequently arise . As of April 2015 , the books have sold more than 60 million copies worldwide and , as of January 2017 , have been translated into 47 languages . The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller lists upon their releases . Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas , a TV series , a comic book adaptation , and several card , board , and video games .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "05824e231d43f5460481688547ca1736", "text": "Karen Bender Karen Bender is an American novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35a63d3c3abbcaef2a6143400f7ca0f2", "text": "C. Dale Brittain C. Dale Brittain is an American author and professor of medieval history . As well as writing historical works , she is the author of fantasy novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918a2766dc192224348f23b250d91606", "text": "Dan DeBono Daniel DeBono ( born November 13 , 1964 in Detroit , Michigan ) is an American writer and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1559dff746fc13aef4ca11bcc27c9f", "text": "Benjamin Rosenbaum Benjamin Rosenbaum ( born August 23 , 1969 ) is an American science fiction , fantasy , and literary fiction writer and computer programmer , whose stories have been finalists for the Hugo Award , the Nebula Award , the Theodore Sturgeon Award , the BSFA award , and the World Fantasy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40cd9972c10a1815a903d213f039ce84", "text": "Mark Frost Mark Frost ( born November 25 , 1953 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director and film producer , best known as a writer for the television series Hill Street Blues and as the co-creator of the television series Twin Peaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "557a9ae9b28ecf2fa4111a32ae79f24e", "text": "Throne of Glass Throne of Glass is a young adult high fantasy novel series by American author Sarah J. Maas , beginning with the inaugural entry of the same name . The story follows the journey of Celaena Sardothien , a teenage assassin in a corrupted kingdom with a tyrannical ruler . As the tale progresses , Celaena forms unexpected bonds and uncovers a conspiracy amidst her adventures . The series has appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list . It has been optioned for a TV series by Mark Gordon and will premiere on Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32bc24c1c1ab9a930a93c2f28dc45d25", "text": "Lacey Dancer Sydney Ann Cook ( born 1948 ) is an American author of contemporary and historical romance novels , who wrote under the pen names Sara Chance , Sherry Carr , Sydney Ann Clary and Lacey Dancer . She won the Romantic Times Career Achievement Award in 1991-1992 for Series Romance Love and Laughter . Romantic Times awarded her a second Career Achievement Award in 1996 for Series Romantic Adventure . Romantic Times described Dancer 's novel Silke as `` a dazzling , richly intense love story brimming with fascinating characters , sharply imaginative plotting and irresistible romantic suspense '' . Many of her early books were published by Meteor in their Kismet line of category romances . The final title in her Pippa series was ready to be shipped to bookstores when Meteor suddenly folded . The orphaned novel , Many Faces of Love , had difficulty finding a new home , partly because the heroine was over 40 , which was rare in the romance novel genre . Dancer finally created her own publishing company , Clear Ice Publishing , to release the novel in mass market paperback form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ab65ef2fa913efea0db11765290e5d9", "text": "Bruce Golden Bruce Edward Golden ( born December 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer of science fiction , a satirist , and a journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc5b7f501a83474b90dfdbc81e7661f3", "text": "Robert Littell (author) Robert Littell ( born January 8 , 1935 ) is an American novelist and former journalist who resides in France . He specializes in spy novels that often concern the CIA and the Soviet Union . Littell was born in Brooklyn , New York , to a Jewish family , of Russian Jewish origin . He is a 1956 graduate of Alfred University in western New York . He spent four years in the U.S. Navy and served at times as his ship 's navigator , antisubmarine warfare officer , communications officer , and deck watch officer . Later Littell became a journalist and worked many years for Newsweek during the Cold War . He was a foreign correspondent for the magazine from 1965 to 1970 . Littell is an amateur mountain climber and is the father of award-winning novelist Jonathan Littell . His brother , Alan Littell ( born 1929 ) , is also an author and journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ebdf3d9dad35e687243f13bcbdef14", "text": "Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series . Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6943902f6ebfd32e0cca0876999d1028", "text": "Jerome Charyn Jerome Charyn ( born May 13 , 1937 ) is an American author . With nearly 50 published works over a 50-year span , Charyn has a long-standing reputation as an inventive and prolific chronicler of real and imagined American life . Michael Chabon calls him `` one of the most important writers in American literature . '' New York Newsday hailed Charyn as `` a contemporary American Balzac , '' and the Los Angeles Times described him as `` absolutely unique among American writers . '' Charyn 's first novel , Once Upon a Droshky was published in 1964 . Only with Blue Eyes ( 1975 ) , the debut of detective character Isaac Sidel , did Charyn vault to wide attention and acclaim . As of 2017 , Charyn has published 37 novels , three memoirs , nine graphic novels , two books about film , short stories , plays and works of non-fiction . Two of his memoirs were named New York Times Book of the Year . Charyn has been a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction . Charyn was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship in Fiction , 1983 . He received the Rosenthal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and has been named Commander of Arts and Letter ( Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ) by the French Minister of Culture . Charyn was Distinguished Professor of Film Studies at the American University of Paris until 2009 , when he retired from teaching . In addition to his writing and teaching , Charyn is a tournament table tennis player , once ranked in the top 10 percent of players in France . Noted novelist Don DeLillo called Charyn 's book on table tennis , Sizzling Chops & Devilish Spins , `` The Sun Also Rises of ping-pong . '' Charyn lives in Paris and New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30701570cb198c691b9bd64ecc99a1cf", "text": "Nancy Asire Nancy Asire ( born 1945 ) is an American fantasy and science fiction author , best known for her Twilight 's Kingdoms fantasy trilogy and her contributions to the shared universe series Heroes in Hell , Sword of Knowledge and Merovingen Nights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3f551de1a4fd4ca14c3232d39af0c0", "text": "Susan Sizemore Susan Sizemore is an American author of both romance and science fiction novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f226a037cfc81806e112106c16274a4", "text": "Brandon Mull Brandon Mull is an American author best known for the New York Times bestselling fantasy series , Fablehaven . Mull has also written The Candy Shop War , the Beyonders trilogy , and the Five Kingdoms series , as well as numerous other popular young adult novels . Mull travels the country speaking to students , with the message that `` imagination can take you places . '' He has stated that his greatest inspirations for his stories are J. R. R. Tolkien , C. S. Lewis , and J. K. Rowling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f596b1bda03fab9f0d757d201763eea", "text": "Mary H. Herbert Mary H. Herbert ( born 1957 ) is an American fantasy writer , author of the Dark Horse series and several Dragonlance novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50331254175ec24fc95f1ab987170b5", "text": "Cold Fire (Koontz novel) Cold Fire is a 1991 novel written by the best-selling author Dean Koontz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a51d1af78bf763051d7c66325ef6be86", "text": "Stephen Mansfield Stephen Lee Mansfield ( born 1958 ) is an American author who writes about history , modern culture , religion and men 's issues . His books have appeared on the New York Times best-seller list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "100e748aede4dc6594f8eaf0185cff91", "text": "Curse, Inc. Curse , Inc. is an online game portal and network of gaming websites founded by Hubert Thieblot in 2006 . The company is headquartered in Huntsville , Alabama , and has offices in San Francisco , New York City , Los Angeles , Brighton , UK , and Berlin , Germany . Claiming to be the `` number one resource for core online gamers , '' Quantcast estimated monthly unique traffic in 2013 in excess of 30 million visitors . Curse has several primary functions , the most notable of which include an add-on and modification service called Curse Client for such games as World of Warcraft , Rift , The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim , Terraria , Kerbal Space Program , and Minecraft , a collection of over 1000 gaming wikis known as Gamepedia , and a Voice over IP ( VoIP ) service called Curse Voice . Curse formerly sponsored a professional team , known collectively as Team Curse , that competed in League of Legends and Call of Duty '' , which in addition to various high-profile wins have garnered sponsorship from companies such as Nissan , Alienware , and Cooler Master . In January 2015 Team Curse merged with Team Liquid under the name of the latter organization . While Curse initially offered modifications and add-ons alone through their Curse-Beta website , offerings have expanded to include Wiki services , the Curse client , CurseForge , CurseVoice , Union for Gamers , BukkitDev , and in-house content produced for YouTube . On August 16 , 2016 , Curse announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Amazon.com Inc. via its subsidiary Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "52ae586879f60c45a9079c51792adbd0", "text": "Zoetrope Interactive Zoetrope Interactive is an independent game developer located in Istanbul , Turkey . Their mission is to develop quality games in which gamers will enjoy a unique gaming experience . One of the notable products they have developed is Darkness Within 2 : The Dark Lineage and their proprietary panoramic game engine , CPAGE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd41eb651b62bf8b585178aba7a962f0", "text": "Darkspore Darkspore was a video game that borrowed creature editing technology from Spore . It was described as `` a fast-paced , science fiction action role-playing game in which the player battled across alien worlds to save the galaxy from the mutated forces of Darkspore '' . In addition to the creature editor , the game features a unique squad-based mechanic , various multiplayer options , and a player versus player arena . The game was released in North America on April 26 , 2011 for Microsoft Windows , and in Europe on April 28 , 2011 . EA has removed the store page of Darkspore from Steam , meaning any attempt to purchase it through Steam can not be made . The game was later relisted with EA saying that they would continue to support for the game . Those who have purchased it prior to the page 's removal still have the game and could play it until the servers were shut down permanently on March 1 , 2016 . The game is currently unplayable due to its DRM scheme requiring a connection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc42966a4657de2276afc93d2aa60879", "text": "Curse A curse ( also called an imprecation , malediction , execration , malison , anathema , or commination ) is any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to some other entity : one or more persons , a place , or an object . In particular , `` curse '' may refer to such a wish or pronouncement made effective by a supernatural or spiritual power , such as a god or gods , a spirit , or a natural force , or else as a kind of spell by magic or witchcraft ; in the latter sense , a curse can also be called a hex or a jinx . In many belief systems , the curse itself ( or accompanying ritual ) is considered to have some causative force in the result . To reverse or eliminate a curse is sometimes called `` removal '' or `` breaking '' , and is often believed to require elaborate rituals or prayers . The study of the forms of curses comprise a significant proportion of the study of both folk religion and folklore . The deliberate attempt to levy curses is often part of the practice of magic . In Hindu culture the Sage or Rishi is believed to have the power to bless and curse . Examples include the curse placed by Rishi Bhrigu on king Nahusha and the one placed by Rishi Devala . Special names for specific types of curses can be found in various cultures : African American hoodoo presents us with the jinx and crossed conditions , as well as a form of foot track magic which was used by Ramandeep , whereby cursed objects are laid in the paths of victims and activated when walked over . Middle Eastern and Mediterranean culture is the source of the belief in the evil eye , which may be the result of envy but , more rarely , is said to be the result of a deliberate curse . In order to be protected from the evil eye , a protection item is made from dark blue circular glass , with a circle of white around the black dot in the middle , which is reminiscent of a human eye . The size of the protective eye item may vary . German people , including the Pennsylvania Dutch speak in terms of hexing ( from the German word for witchcraft ) , and a common hex in days past was that laid by a stable-witch who caused milk cows to go dry and horses to go lame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4342315377fe41fca65e8d4a29ab68f5", "text": "Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN . Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games . On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine . The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage . Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bcbe99b3c4ecd3f58aa975a20191c64", "text": "The Dark Mod The Dark Mod is free and open-source software first-person stealth video game , inspired by the Thief series by Looking Glass Studios . The game provides the basic framework and tools -- engine , assets , models , an editor -- for more than 100 fan-made missions , including several multi-mission campaigns . The Dark Mod was first released in 2009 as a total conversion mod for Doom 3 . Version 2.0 was released in October 2013 as a standalone game using the open-source id Tech 4 game engine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ad61b405d17965e451b6f4fad8f0d1", "text": "IMVU IMVU , Inc. , ( -LSB- ˈɪmvjuː -RSB- ) is an online metaverse and website . IMVU was founded in 2004 and was originally backed by venture investors Menlo Ventures , Allegis Capital , Bridgescale Partners and Best Buy Capital . IMVU members use 3D avatars to meet new people , chat , create , and play games . IMVU has over 3 million active users and currently has the largest virtual goods catalog of more than 30 million items . The business is located in Mountain View , California , and has 120 full-time employees . It is also known as one of the leading practitioners of the lean startup approach . The company name is neither an acronym nor an initialism . IMVU co-founder Eric Ries described the accidental process by which the company acquired its meaningless name , and stated `` It 's not an acronym ; it does n't stand for anything '' . IMVU contains its own economy with a currency system based on IMVU `` credits '' and `` promo credits '' . A third form of currency also exists for creators , known as `` developer tokens '' , which are earned when a user purchases an item with `` promo-credits '' . Credits can be purchased online using actual currency directly from IMVU . Credits may also be purchased on IMVU gift cards available from retail outlets such as department stores . Credits can be transferred back from IMVU to actual currency for developers accounts only . The credits are used by members to purchase virtual items like fashion pieces ( hair , clothes , skins , and accessories ) , pets , and 3D scenes such as homes , clubs and open landscapes . Furniture can also be purchased the same way and placed into unlocked rooms , but there are also rooms that have some furniture included in them as well as locked rooms that include furniture that can not be removed . Promotional credits , abbreviated to `` promo-credits '' , are a second form of currency distributed to members by IMVU and can be obtained by participating in various `` Partner '' promotions as well as a few activities the IMVU provides . With relation to a standard free or full member , promo-credits are similar to standard credits . A given number of credits equates , promo-credits can not be used to purchase items as gifts for other members and may not be traded back to an IMVU re-seller for actual currency . Promo-credits used to purchase a virtual product are exchanged into `` developer tokens '' , also known as `` dev tokens '' . The purchase transfers the promo-credits into developer tokens but nets a single developer token per purchase when promo-credits are used regardless of the price of the product purchased .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eabf4ad234c02e32d5864e9cf3b89ff", "text": "Forced Forced is a single-player and co-op action role-playing game developed by BetaDwarf , released in October 2013 for Windows , OS X and Linux through the Steam platform as well as Wii U . It is about gladiators fighting for their freedom in a fantasy arena and are assisted by a spirit-like character called Balfus . Gameplay consists of selecting a weapon class and abilities to combat the various enemies of each arena , while solving puzzles using the help of Balfus . BetaDwarf was formed by a small group of students in 2011 , who began developing the game in an unused classroom in Aalborg University -- Copenhagen , Denmark . They were removed months later and launched a successful Kickstarter campaign involving an Imgur picture which documented their progress . Forced received moderate to favorable reviews with most critics praising its competitive gameplay and puzzle-system . The game 's weak plot , technical glitches and excess difficulty were the negative highlights . It won the Level Up 2013 Intel award and BetaDwarf received the Danish Developer Of The Year ( 2013 ) for it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8670590d943ef28b447665c7dc6b92b", "text": "Untold Legends: Brotherhood of the Blade Untold Legends : Brotherhood of the Blade is a launch title for the Sony PSP handheld video game system . It is a third person action role-playing game in which the player can complete various quests for money and items . Although made by Sony Online Entertainment , Untold Legends is not online , but it can be played cooperatively with up to four other players via Ad Hoc . The player can choose to be one of four characters ( Knight , Druid , Berserker or Alchemist ) . The goal is to save Aven , a city so high in the mountains that it often appears to be floating in the clouds , from the attack of various creatures . This `` floating city '' is the last defense of humanity against a sudden onslaught of dark , foul creatures . It is up to the player to explore the world of Untaca and its various regions , searching for items , talking to people , and killing monsters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8cc58bd7a094585b586c23bb1d4e99", "text": "Xbox One Controller Xbox One Wireless Controller is the primary controller for the Microsoft Xbox One console . The controller maintains the overall layout found in the Xbox 360 controller , but with various tweaks to its design , such as a revised shape , redesigned analog sticks , shoulder buttons , and triggers , along with new vibrators within the triggers to allow for directional haptic feedback . It has had three revisions with several changes to the controller 's design and functionality . Microsoft also markets the Elite Wireless Controller , a premium version geared towards professional gamers , including interchangeable parts and programmability features . In turn , each of the aforementioned variations has been offered in various color schemes , some featuring special designs tying into specific games . Per a partnership between Microsoft and Oculus VR , Xbox One controllers are bundled with the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0299f1ce41649ec0afa27602618a437f", "text": "Visceral Games Visceral Games ( formerly EA Redwood Shores ) is an American video game development studio owned by Electronic Arts . The studio is best known for the Dead Space series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1b9ed72bdc59270eacfe04ef5e8a3ee", "text": "Quicksilver - The Masquerade Macabre", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1e38d3c8ff0ef55eecce13ea17ad81d", "text": "AEGIS (Ragnarok Online) AEGIS is Windows Server software used along with Microsoft SQL Server by Gravity Corporation to run the official Ragnarok Online game servers . It was originally developed for exclusive use within Gravity and Gravity subsidiaries , but has been leaked within its lifetime , purportedly by several teams who compromised official computers which contained AEGIS binaries . AEGIS consists of a number of components , an Inter Server ( responsible for Guild Siege , Guild Chat , Private Message and synchronization between servers ) , a Zone Server ( responsible for Game Play Dynamics ) , a Character Server ( responsible for Character Information ) , and an Account Server ( responsible for verifying information in account database , such as if it exists , if it is either paid for or not ( active/inactive ) , etc. ) . AEGIS was originally created by Hakkyu Kim ( Neolith ) and was his first server project . Despite the fact that Aegis is referred to as production quality ( due to the involvement of commercial organizations ) leaked versions revealed that the majority of its configuration files were very simple , it used very inefficient means of storing information for reference , and showed very high memory usage when there were no routines running to suggest such usage . The original development team was forced to leave the company after a takeover by Samsung Electronics and most of the core members are now working on a new project known as Granado Espada . Category : Ragnarok Online", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05798229c5d66b2854e3cf3e3d7dfaad", "text": "Autodesk MotionBuilder MotionBuilder is a professional 3D character animation software produced by Autodesk . It is used for virtual production , motion capture , and traditional keyframe animation . It was originally named Filmbox when it was first created by Canadian company Kaydara , later acquired by Alias and renamed to MotionBuilder . Alias in turn was acquired by Autodesk . It is primarily used in film , games , television production , as well as other multimedia projects . Mainstream examples include Assassin 's Creed , Killzone 2 , and Avatar . At SIGGRAPH 2012 , Autodesk announced a partnership with Weta Digital and Lightstorm Entertainment to develop the next generation of the technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdeae296f32edcbeef714029a1d3a342", "text": "Corrupted Blood incident The Corrupted Blood incident was a virtual plague in the MMORPG World of Warcraft , which began on September 13 , 2005 , and lasted for one week . The epidemic began with the introduction of the new raid Zul ` Gurub and its end boss Hakkar the Soulflayer . When confronted and attacked , Hakkar would cast a hit point-draining and highly contagious debuff spell called Corrupted Blood on players . The spell , intended to last only seconds and function only within the new area of Zul ` Gurub , soon spread across the virtual world by way of an oversight that allowed pets and minions to take the affliction out of its intended confines . By both accidental and purposeful intent , a pandemic ensued that quickly killed lower-level characters and drastically changed normal gameplay , as players did what they could do to avoid infection . Despite measures such as programmer-imposed quarantines , and the players ' abandoning of densely populated cities ( or even just not playing the game ) , it lasted until a combination of patches and resets of the virtual world finally controlled the epidemic . The conditions and reactions of the event attracted the attention of epidemiologists for its implications of how human populations could react to a real-world epidemic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72b23af0c29854c234d74ca460022c55", "text": "PowerVR PowerVR is a division of Imagination Technologies ( formerly VideoLogic ) that develops hardware and software for 2D and 3D rendering , and for video encoding , decoding , associated image processing and DirectX , OpenGL ES , OpenVG , and OpenCL acceleration . The PowerVR product line was originally introduced to compete in the desktop PC market for 3D hardware accelerators with a product with a better price/performance ratio than existing products like those from 3dfx Interactive . Rapid changes in that market , notably with the introduction of OpenGL and Direct3D , led to rapid consolidation . PowerVR introduced new versions with low-power electronics that were aimed at the laptop computer market . Over time , this developed into a series of designs that could be incorporated into system-on-a-chip architectures suitable for handheld device use . PowerVR accelerators are not manufactured by PowerVR , but instead their integrated circuit designs and patents are licensed to other companies , such as Texas Instruments , Intel , NEC , BlackBerry , Renesas , Samsung , STMicroelectronics , Freescale , Apple , NXP Semiconductors ( formerly Philips Semiconductors ) , and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39d84d7b4da70e335d5f6df217b255b7", "text": "The Rifter The Rifter is a role-playing game magazine published by Palladium Books . It is based in Taylor , Michigan . Named after its most successful game at the time of debut , Rifts , its content pertains to all the games in the Palladium system , though after the first three years they ceased accepting articles specifically for games based on licenses ( Specifically , Robotech , Macross II , and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , but would apply to any other licenses should they be acquired ) , over concerns with the licensing agents . The latest issue to have been published is issue 70 , with issue 71 in production . Digital versions of all issues ( including the three special issues below ) up to issue # 62 are available through drivethrurpg.com , as are previews of some of the more recent issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc98e01911a4c6077c6119edf5b572fc", "text": "Blindlight Blindlight is a Los Angeles-based company providing Hollywood production services to the videogame industry . Notable properties the company has contributed to include the Elder Scrolls , Fallout , Splinter Cell , Tomb Raider , Destiny , and Halo series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55fbafec685f5678c16daae264c54671", "text": "Skin gambling In video games , skin gambling is the use of virtual goods , which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as `` skins '' which have no direct influence on gameplay , as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance . It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game Counter-Strike : Global Offensive by Valve Corporation , but practice of it exists in other game communities . Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading , buying , and selling of skins from players ' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency , though Valve itself condones the gambling practices . Valve added random skin rewards as part of an update to Counter-Strike : Global Offensive in 2013 , believing that players would use these to trade with other players and bolster both the player community and its Steam marketplace . A number of websites were created to bypass monetary restrictions Valve set on the Steam marketplace to aid in high-value trading and allowing users to receive cash value for skins . Some of these sites subsequently added the ability to gamble on the results of professional matches or in games of chance with these skins , which in 2016 was estimated to handle around $ 5 billion of the virtual goods . These sites , along with Valve and various video game streamers , have come under scrutiny due to ethical and legal questions relating to gambling on sporting matches , underage gambling , undisclosed promotion , and outcome rigging . Evidence of such unethical practices was discovered in June 2016 , and led to two formal lawsuits filed against these sites and Valve in the following month . Valve subsequently has taken steps to stop such sites from using Steam 's interface for enabling gambling , leading to about half of these sites to close down , while driving more of the skin gambling into an underground economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac24f0d4755a6a6cc2620fda97106dc", "text": "Realm of the Mad God Realm of the Mad God is a massively multiplayer online shooter video game created by Wild Shadow Studios ( acquired by Kabam in June 2012 , and later sold to Deca Games in July 2016 ) and Spry Fox . It was in public beta from January 2010 and the browser version launched on June 20 , 2011 . On February 20 , 2012 the game was made available on the digital distribution platform Steam for Microsoft Windows and OS X. The game has been described as a `` massively-multiplayer cooperative bullet hell shooter '' with an 8 bit pixelated art style . Players control characters who have been transported to the realm of Oryx ( the titular Mad God ) to become food for his many minions and abominations , which the players must dispatch . Central to the design of the game is the fact that character death is permanent . Upon death , the player 's character is lost along with all carried equipment , although the player may store a number of items for safekeeping in a limited capacity vault away from danger . Different character choices in class also help make the game more diverse and help to support teamwork . The game is free-to-play with optional in-game micro-transactions . Items which can be bought with optional transactions vary from high-level equipment , pets that provide aid to the player ( by attacking enemies , paralyzing enemies , healing the character , restoring the character 's magic points , and acting as a decoy ) , increased storage space , and aesthetic features such as skins , cloths and dyes . This game client is written in Flash and can be played in-browser on the official site , on Kongregate , or it can be downloaded from the Google Chrome Web Store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d595e784a0b807d56eb51232d2466", "text": "Shark 3D Shark 3D is a 3D software program and engine developed by Spinor for creating and running interactive virtual 3D worlds . It is used for video games , films , animated series , broadcasting graphics , and 3D industry applications . Shark 3D is mainly used for developing video games ( similar to a Game engine ) , producing films and TV series , creating broadcast graphics , and developing 3D applications .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0bd77e6c30955f9fefa87a7024dd4d5c", "text": "Kong: Skull Island Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong . Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "544cdcf4000fdc6ac4bb32c4bd728362", "text": "Cui Zi'en Cui Zi'en , born 1958 , in Harbin in the People 's Republic of China , is a film director , producer , film scholar , screenwriter , novelist and an outspoken LGBT activist based in Beijing . He graduated from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences with an MA in literature and now is an associate professor at the Film Research Institute of the Beijing Film Academy . Cui Zi'en is one of the avant-garde DV makers in Chinese underground film . He has published nine novels in China and Hong Kong , one of which , Uncle 's Past , won the 2001 Radio Literature Award in Germany . In the same year , he founded the Beijing Queer Film Festival , the first LGBT film festival in mainland China . He is also the author of books on criticism and theory , as well as a columnist for magazines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb5c15f677cff588cba3f7aaea5c851", "text": "Hogtown (film) Hogtown is a multi-racial , multilingual `` period-less '' 2015 independent film . Set against the backdrop of the 1919 Chicago race riots , the story revolves around the mysterious disappearance of a millionaire theater owner during a snowstorm . Bill Stamets of the Chicago Sun-Times acknowledged Hogtown as `` the most original film made in Chicago about Chicago to date '' . It was named one of the 10 Best Films of 2016 by Ben Kenigsberg , who reviewed the film for The New York Times , and JR Jones of The Chicago Reader named it the best film about Chicago and the best film made in Chicago , `` period , '' for 2015 . The film won Best Picture awards at the 30th Black International Cinema Berlin , the 2015 International Black Film Festival ( Nashville ) , the 2015 Los Angeles Black Film Festival , and the 2015 Independent Film Playoff ( Los Angeles ) . It is the second of three films in an unnamed trilogy , following the 2010 film Chicago Heights . The third film , Sister Carrie , is in development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b", "text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f82dd9271bc326c7fa2d15ca874cf7c3", "text": "Son of Kong Son of Kong is a 1933 American Pre-Code adventure monster film produced by RKO Pictures . Directed by Ernest Schoedsack and featuring special effects by Buzz Gibson and Willis O'Brien , the film starred Robert Armstrong , Helen Mack and Frank Reicher . This film is the lesser-known sequel to King Kong , and was released just nine months after its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad99426679aeb13b131cdddf82ed3ec", "text": "The Lost 15 Boys: The Big Adventure on Pirates' Island The Lost 15 Boys : The Big Adventure on Pirates ' Island is a 2013 Chinese-Japanese animated adventure film directed by Xiaohan , Mao Qichao , Ba Yunfeng , Zhang Bing and Ryūtarō Nakamura . It was released on November 16 , 2013 in Japan and on October 1 , 2014 in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1004c025efd393607f879831ad4c53", "text": "Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton . Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker . The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source . Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa35d52262a244c563a4b1cac34afb7", "text": "Indiana Jones Adventure The Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , based on the Indiana Jones film series . Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest , aboard military troop transport vehicles , through a dangerous lost temple guarded by a supernatural power . The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim , California on March 3 , 1995 , and opened to the general public on March 4 , 1995 . A second , and nearly identical , version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4 , 2001 at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba , Japan , unrelated to the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598f0cae6c844f5b9d0ed299e2eded7c", "text": "Shaun the Sheep Movie Shaun the Sheep Movie is a 2015 British stop-motion animated adventure comedy film inspired by the television series Shaun the Sheep , created by Nick Park . The film follows Shaun and his flock into the big city to rescue their farmer , who found himself amnesiac there as a result of their mischief . It was produced by Aardman Animations , and financed by StudioCanal in association with Anton Capital Entertainment , with the former also distributing the film in the United Kingdom and several other European countries . Richard Starzak and Mark Burton wrote and directed the film , with Ilan Eshkeri composing the music , while Justin Fletcher , John Sparkes , and Omid Djalili provided the voices . The film premiered on 24 January 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival , and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 6 February 2015 . Shaun the Sheep Movie was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . It was also nominated in The 73rd Golden Globe Awards , BAFTA Awards and won in the Toronto Film Critics Awards for Best Animated Film . It also earned five nominations at The Annie Awards including Best Animated Feature . Aardman is planning a sequel to the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f8b9be0b7b76260917ee37cf5e432e7", "text": "Detective K: Secret of the Lost Island Detective K : Secret of the Lost Island ( ; lit . `` Joseon Detective : The Disappearance of the Laborer 's Daughter '' ) is a 2015 South Korean period comedy adventure film directed by Kim Sok-yun . It is the sequel to 2011 's Detective K : Secret of the Virtuous Widow and is the 9th highest grossing film of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dc30d313e601c6c99f5df34d97ed0ea", "text": "Langto Langto is a 2015 Indian film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c234fafd4a25f9bb35c3cba11eca70", "text": "Suicide of Jacques Picoux Jacques Camille Picoux ( 9 November 1948 -- 16 October 2016 ) was a lecturer on French language and literature at National Taiwan University , who committed suicide on 16 October 2016 . He held a solo artist 's exhibition in 2012 , and was also known for playing the character Kong Kong , in the 2015 film The Assassin , directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f7b88a28683d04f619c847f581c85c9", "text": "CK Hutchison Holdings CK Hutchison Holdings Limited is a Cayman Islands-registered conglomerate headquartered in Hong Kong . The company was formed in March 2015 through the merger of Cheung Kong Holdings and its main associate company Hutchison Whampoa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbe597dcfffa6b51530711f89d232321", "text": "Detective Willy Detective Willy is a 2015 comedy adventure film directed by Jose Maria Cabral . The film opens in the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico in the summer of 2015 . It features performances by Fausto Mata , Denise Quiñones , Anthony Alvarez , Crystal Jimenez , Hector Anibal , Kenny Grullón , Manuel Chapuseaux , Christian Alvarez , Josue Guerrero , Patricia Ascuasiati and others . The film premiered June 25 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93a74a1165afff17b1a50fca4362c12", "text": "Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1769e5c52aaf5e4512faac3561a745da", "text": "Kennedy Miller Mitchell Kennedy Miller Mitchell ( before 2009 known as Kennedy Miller ) is an Australian film , television and video game production house in Potts Point , Sydney , that has been producing television and film since 1978 . It is responsible for some of Australia 's most well known and successful films , including the four Mad Max films , the two Babe films , and the two Happy Feet films . Kennedy Miller Mitchell is one of Australia 's oldest existing film production companies , and the internationally most successful . Many of the films are directed by the co-founder , George Miller , though he sometimes takes an organisational role and prefers to use someone else to direct , as with Babe , which was directed by Chris Noonan . The company 's most recent project was the fourth Mad Max film , titled Mad Max : Fury Road . After being `` in development hell for 25 years '' , the film was released to critical acclaim on May 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cca1a7c159cf8d323c9f35426df0a51", "text": "Psycho-Pass: The Movie is a 2015 Japanese anime science fiction crime film by Production I.G and ran in over 100 theatres . It premiered in Japan on January 9 , 2015 . The plot involves the appearances of terrorists in Japan . It is directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani whereas the chief director is Katsuyuki Motohiro . Gen Urobuchi and Makoto Fukami contributed together as the film 's writers . The film has been licensed by Funimation Entertainment and had a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 15 -- 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8394dbdb939a626339fc497ded02578e", "text": "Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to : Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S. Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park In performing arts : The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b9e519a91059aa8a6d94ef4ce90dec89", "text": "Live Your Life (T.I. song) `` Live Your Life '' is a song by American rapper T.I. , from his sixth studio album , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , and features Barbadian singer Rihanna . It was released as the seventh single from the album on September 23 , 2008 . The song is a conscious hip hop track with elements of contemporary R&B . The song 's lyrics speak of T.I. 's rise to fame and optimism of the future . It also gives dedication to the American troops fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan . `` Live Your Life '' was a commercial success worldwide . In the United States , the song topped the Billboard Hot 100 , marking T.I. 's third number-one single , and Rihanna 's fifth . The song also attained top ten placements in twelve other countries , reaching the top five in Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . Furthermore , `` Live Your Life '' topped the US Mainstream Top 40 and Rap Songs charts and reached number two on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . The song remains T.I. 's highest charting and most successful single worldwide since its release . The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Anthony Mandler , depicts a story of T.I. 's rise to fame in a narrated form , featuring Rihanna performing in a dressing room and bar . The duo performed `` Live Your Life '' at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards . The song is featured in the 2009 film The Hangover as well as the trailer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a09bf942c95d235dc9d4276ffbf68520", "text": "The Life (musical) The Life is a musical with a book by David Newman , Ira Gasman and Cy Coleman , music by Coleman , and lyrics by Gasman . Based on an original idea by Gasman , the show explores the underbelly of Times Square 's 42nd Street , inhabited by pimps and prostitutes , druggies and dealers , and runaways and street people in the era prior to its Disneyfication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d46fee00c9a250a6d45829f4b31c3853", "text": "Go for Your Life Go for Your Life may refer to : Go for Your Life ( album ) , a 1985 album by Mountain Go for Your Life ( fitness program )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7", "text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bedd4860dc9e972ef670b0dfbfe53399", "text": "Live (High Rise album) Live is a live album by High Rise , released on October 25 , 1994 through P.S.F. Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ef9fa278059af3e7279a78c9e88e80", "text": "Living Up Living Up ( Chinese : 更上一層樓 ) is a Hong Kong TVB series about luxury housing . Luxurious type homes are generally referred to as '' 豪宅 '' , literally a mansion , pronounced as `` hou zaak '' in Cantonese . The houses featured on the show are expensively furnished with some of the best city views , often accompanied by excellent feng shui .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b27f037852dcfd92ab77f8833dab56e", "text": "Life (UK TV series) Life is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC in association with The Open University . It was first broadcast as part of the BBC 's Darwin Season on BBC One and BBC HD from October to December 2009 . The series takes a global view of the specialised strategies and extreme behaviour that living things have developed in order to survive ; what Charles Darwin termed `` the struggle for existence '' . Four years in the making , the series was shot entirely in high definition . Life premiered on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom consisting of ten 50-minute episodes . The opening programme gives a general introduction to the series , a second look at plants , and the remainder are dedicated to some of the major animal groups . They aim to show common features that have contributed to the success of each group , and to document intimate and dramatic moments in the lives of selected species chosen for their charisma or their extraordinary behaviour . A ten-minute making-of feature Life on Location aired at the end of each episode , taking the total running time to 60 minutes . Life is produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and The Open University . It is distributed under licence by the BBC in over 50 other countries , including by the Discovery Channel in the United States and Skai TV in Greece . The original script was written and narrated by David Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81b22c7d9776900e72115648cf9357ae", "text": "Live for You (album) Live for You is the debut album of Christian pop singer Rachael Lampa , released in 2000 on Word Records . It debuted at # 2 on Billboard Magazine 's `` Top Heatseeker 's Album '' chart and # 6 on SoundScan 's Top Current Contemporary Christian album chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757122ff583d81028488df88373384e1", "text": "The Revolution of Everyday Life The Revolution of Everyday Life ( Traité de savoir-vivre à l'usage des jeunes générations ) is a 1967 book by Raoul Vaneigem , Belgian author , philosopher and one time member of the Situationist International ( 1961 -- 1970 ) . The original title literally translates as , Treatise on Living for the Younger Generations . John Fullerton and Paul Sieveking chose the title under which the work appears in English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd10ab79f42ebf208e13cae263e3ab35", "text": "Half a Life Half a Life may refer to : Half a Life ( novel ) , a novel by V.S. Naipaul Half a Life ( memoir ) , a memoir by Darin Strauss Half a Life ( Bulychov book ) , an anthology of science fiction by Kir Bulychov Half a Life ( film ) , a film by Romain Goupil `` Half a Life '' ( Star Trek : The Next Generation ) , an episode of Star Trek : The Next Generation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32746ce165ce771d7b606fd28b7b9aba", "text": "Live Forever (Matthew West album) Live Forever is the sixth studio album by Matthew West , released on April 28 , 2015 through Sparrow Records alongside Capitol Christian Music Group . Three singles were officially released off the album including `` Day One '' , `` Grace Wins '' , and `` Mended '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4099ff7a902df6969c57b85c4a1185ba", "text": "D-Live!! is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryōji Minagawa . It was serialized in Shogakukan 's Weekly Shonen Sunday magazine from 2002 to 2006 . The manga tells the story of Satoru Ikaruga , a high schooler nicknamed `` genius driver '' who can operate almost any vehicle and works for a multinational specialist company called the Almighty Support Enterprise ( ASE ) . Ikaruga is called whenever ASE is hired to solve a case which involves vehicle driving , most of the time working with other ASE agents to resolve situations assigned to them by various clients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6424b54995d0d00a062bf22e2747ac31", "text": "NC Live , NC LIVE is a cooperative library service for the students , faculty , business people , and residents of North Carolina . The website allows access to digital content such as ebooks , ejournals , streaming video , and downloadable audiobooks offered from a variety of vendors . The main partners in NC LIVE are the University of North Carolina Libraries , the North Carolina Community College Libraries the State Library of North Carolina & Public Libraries , North Carolina Independent Colleges & Universities ' Libraries . The website and its content are accessible to approximately 200 locations through IP recognition , remote local authentication , and a statewide passwording system . NC LIVE provides : Access to an essential and powerful array of online resources to all North Carolinians Complete articles from over 16,000 newspapers , journals , magazines , and encyclopedias , indexing for over 25,000 periodical titles , and access to over 25,000 online print books Access free of charge to library patrons , students , and educators from four communities of interest ( COIs ) -- public libraries , community colleges , the state 's university system , and members of the North Carolina Association of Independent Colleges and Universities Access from within an affiliated library or from home", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c407ec36b5af102775973cadfadd5a5", "text": "100 Things Successful People Do 100 Things Successful People Do : Little Exercises for Successful Living is a self-help guide by Nigel Cumberland , his eighth book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7922bba0cc209928b2ae4ac646eac91a", "text": "Low Life Low Life , Lowlife or Low-life may refer to : Low-life , those looked down upon by their community , usually for their activities Low-Life , an album by New Order Low Life ( Peter Brötzmann and Bill Laswell album ) , an album by Peter Brötzmann and Bill Laswell Lowlife : The Paris Concert , a live album by Tim Berne Lowlife ( band ) , a Scottish band Low Life ( book ) , a 1991 book by writer Luc Sante Low Life ( comics ) , a 2000 AD comic story in the world of Judge Dredd Lowlife ( comics ) , Ed Brubaker 's first comic book series Low Life Records , a record label Low-Life ( rpg ) , a universe for the Savage Worlds role-playing system Low Life ( film ) , a 2004 South Korean film directed by Im Kwon-taek `` Low Life '' , a song by The Police and the B-side to the U.K. single `` Spirits in the Material World '' The Loh Life , a public radio commentary done by Sandra Tsing Loh Low Life , '' a song by hip hop artist Future and The Weeknd from EVOL", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaf49680ba7c8274377065b16761cbc0", "text": "Life on the Screen Life on the Screen : Identity in the Age of the Internet is a book by clinical psychologist and professor Sherry Turkle . It addresses how people interact with computers , and consequences of that interaction . It was first published in November 1995 . Turkle explains how peoples ' opinion of computers have evolved through time and some of the implications for new users .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88240114d958afa70bb5f752fcd6a8a1", "text": "You Are Going to Prison You Are Going to Prison is a non-fiction book by Jim Hogshire . As its title implies , it is a practical guide for those who are facing their first experience with incarceration . In 2006 , it was loosely adapted into the film Let 's Go to Prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4fd2835298e39d9e66d92d5a7f1082b", "text": "Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum . Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded . The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's . When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc2cb9dba06838ae1bfc29b80888255e", "text": "Half-Life (novel) Half-Life is a debut novel by Aaron Krach . Published in 2004 by Alyson Books , the novel was nominated for a Violet Quill Award and was among the 2004 Lambda Literary Award finalists . It discusses young love , coping with death and the issues facing gay youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2df18e64e598f1028903a38e03510354", "text": "R.E.M. Live R.E.M. Live is a live album from R.E.M. , recorded at the Point Theatre , Dublin , on February 26 and 27 , 2005 , the closing nights of the winter European leg of the Around the World Tour in support of their thirteenth studio album Around the Sun released in late 2004 . It was released in the United Kingdom on October 15 , 2007 and in the United States a day later as a two-Compact Disc audio set and a DVD , then released in February 2008 as a triple vinyl set . The performance was filmed by Blue Leach , who also directed Depeche Mode 's Touring the Angel : Live in Milan . R.E.M. Live features rare performances of `` I Took Your Name '' from 1994 's Monster and `` Ascent of Man '' from Around The Sun as well as the previously unreleased `` I 'm Gon na DJ . '' A studio version of that song would later appear on the band 's 2008 effort , Accelerate . On September 26 , 2007 , the band launched R.E.M. Live Zine to solicit reviews from fans and promote the album . The DVD has the option for stereo or digital 5.1 surround sound .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bb601bb9b16c66e229a501e3196db70e", "text": "Vikram (actor) Kennedy John Victor , known professionally as Vikram or Chiyaan Vikram , is an Indian film actor who predominantly appears in Tamil language films and has won seven Filmfare Awards as well as one National Film Award and Tamil Nadu State Film Award amongst other recognitions and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the People 's University of Milan in May 2011 . He made his debut in the 1990 film En Kadhal Kanmani , which was followed by a series of small-budget Tamil , Malayalam and Telugu films in the 1990s , many of which went unnoticed . However , the success of Bala 's tragedy film Sethu ( 1999 ) , in which Vikram appeared as a rogue turned lover , started Vikram 's successful career as an actor . In the early 2000s , Vikram appeared in a series of masala films , with Dhill ( 2001 ) , Gemini ( 2002 ) , Dhool ( 2003 ) and Saamy ( 2003 ) becoming commercially successful ventures . During the period , Vikram also appeared in diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performance as a blind villager in Kasi and a Robin Hood-esque figure in Samurai . In 2003 , Vikram 's performance as a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorders in Bala 's Pithamagan saw him win the National Film Award for Best Actor , with his character only speaking a couple of lines of dialogue in the entire film . His appearance as an idealistic lawyer with multiple personality disorder in Shankar 's blockbuster Anniyan ( 2005 ) also won critical acclaim , as did his appearance as a superhero in Kanthaswamy ( 2009 ) . Vikram 's portrayal of Veeraiya , a tribal leader inspired by the Ramayana character Ravana , in Mani Ratnam 's Raavanan saw him secure further accolades , as did his appearance as a mentally challenged adult with the maturity of a six-year-old boy in Deiva Thirumagal ( 2011 ) . He consequently appeared in multiple get-ups as a bodybuilder and a crippled hunchback , losing up to 35 kilograms for sequences , during the making of Shankar 's romantic thriller I ( 2015 ) and won rave reviews from critics for his performance . It is currently the fourth highest-grossing Tamil film of all time . Vikram has promoted various social causes and appeared as the Youth Envoy for the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2011 . He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children , Vidya Sudha , which he stayed at during the making of Deiva Thirumagal as well as having long-term associations with the Kasi Eye Care and running his own welfare association through the Vikram Foundation . In 2016 , he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem , Spirit of Chennai , as a tribute to the city 's volunteers following the -LSB- -LSB- 2015 South Indian floods -RSB-", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0dcad7514335357476f9436df7795ee2", "text": "Tirru Tirru ( Thirunavukarasu ) is an Indian cinematographer from Tamil Nadu , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0e41628256ec0e3ec866f65601a7cd", "text": "List of accolades received by Haider (film) Haider is a 2014 Indian crime-drama film directed by Vishal Bhardwaj , and produced by Bhardwaj and Siddharth Roy Kapur . The film stars Shahid Kapoor as the eponymous protagonist , and co-stars Tabu , Kay Kay Menon , Shraddha Kapoor , and Irrfan Khan . Bhardwaj wrote the dialogues for the film , and co-wrote the screenplay with Basharat Peer . Bhardwaj also composed the music and Gulzar wrote the lyrics . The film is a modern-day adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet , and tells the story of Haider who searches for his missing father during the Kashmir conflict of 1995 . Produced on a budget of , Haider was released on 2 October 2014 , and grossed worldwide . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its direction , performances of Shahid Kapoor and Tabu , music and production design . As of June 2015 , the film has won 36 awards . At the 62nd National Film Awards , Haider earned five awards , more than any other film at the ceremony , including Best Music Direction and Best Screenplay ( Dialogues ) ( both Bhardwaj ) . Haider also won five awards at the 60th Filmfare Awards ceremony , including Best Actor ( Shahid Kapoor ) , Best Supporting Actor ( Menon ) , and Best Supporting Actress ( Tabu ) . It also received nominations for Best Film and Best Director at the ceremony . At the 2015 Screen Awards , Haider received nominations for Best Film and Best Director , and won five awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress . Haider also won nine awards at the 16th ceremony of the International Indian Film Academy Awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89e5dd44861d04c7c2e4d90c2c848a9", "text": "Vijaya Prasad Vijaya Prasad is an Indian actor , director , producer , writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6671c7be965b681788449a292b7fda4d", "text": "B. Saroja Devi B. Saroja Devi is an Indian actress , who has acted in Kannada , Tamil , Telugu and Hindi movies . One of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema , she acted in around 200 films over six decades . She is known by the epithets `` Abinaya Saraswathi '' ( Saraswati of acting ) in Kannada and `` Kannadathu Paingili '' ( Kannada 's Parrot ) in Tamil At the age of 17 , Saroja Devi got her big break with her debut movie itself , that 's the Kannada film Mahakavi Kalidasa ( 1955 ) . In Telugu cinema , she made her debut with Panduranga Mahatyam ( 1959 ) , and starred in a number of successful films until the late 1970s . The Tamil film Nadodi Mannan ( 1958 ) made her one of the top actresses in Tamil cinema . After her marriage in 1967 , she continued to be second in demand actress in Tamil films till 1974 , but she continued to be one of the top actresses in Telugu and Kannada cinema from 1958 until the 1980s . She also starred in Hindi films until the mid-1960s , starting with Paigham ( 1959 ) . She played the lead heroine in 161 consecutive films in 29 years between 1955 and 1984 . Saroja Devi received the Padma Sri , the fourth-highest civilian honour , in 1969 and Padma Bhushan , third highest civilian award , in 1992 from the Government of India , honourary doctorate from Bangalore University and Kalaimamani award from Tamil nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d7cd7a51b6a84b8da122872bdf0ccf", "text": "Vikram (1986 Tamil film) Vikram is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language action-adventure film directed by Rajasekhar , starring Kamal Haasan , Sathyaraj , Amjad Khan , Ambika , Dimple Kapadia , Lizy , Charuhasan and Janagaraj . The First Indian movie to use computer for recording the songs", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be96cf938a807b718b728aae130c7937", "text": "S. N. Patankar Shree Nath Patankar ( ? -1941 ) was an Indian producer , director , and cameraman . Referred to as `` one of the early pioneers of Indian Cinema '' , his influence is stated to be equal to that of Dadasaheb Phalke . He was one of a wide range of people who filmed the historic Delhi Durbar in 1911 held for King George V of England . The Durbar was also filmed by Madan and Hiralal Shah , another professional photographer from Bombay . Patankar initially teamed up with V. P. Divekar and A. P. Karandikar , with the renowned freedom fighter and Nationalist leader , Lokmanya Tilak , helping them in getting finance from Bhagwandas Chaturbhuj and Dharamdas Narayandas , two well-established financiers . Their debut production in 1912 , Savitri , directed by Patankar was unsuccessful . The three formed a production company called Patankar Union in 1913 . They produced The Death Of Narayanrao Peshwa also called The Murder Of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1915 , which has been cited as the first historical film of Indian cinema , as well as the mythological Ram Vanvas ( The Exile Of Rama ) ( 1918 ) . Patankar went on to form Patankar Friends and Company with Dwarkadas Sampat who had joined them in 1917 , producing and directing Kach-Devyani ( 1920 ) . He also worked as an actor in films like Mahashweta Kadambari ( 1922 ) , Videhi Janak ( 1923 ) , and Vaman Avatar ( 1923 ) , which were directed by him . In a career-span of fifteen years covering 1912-1926 , he made over forty films . According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen , Patankar 's `` historicals and mythologicals were among the most professionally made films before the studio era ( pre-1925 ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8dad2b22845682ccffc363d18331305", "text": "Vikram Shankar Vikram Shankar ( born 17 December 1980 ) is an Indian director and producer who is known for his work in the Indian film and television industry . His first film , as a producer was Naya Pata was released on 27 June 2014 . Vikram 's directorial career consists of film ' 1920 : Evil Returns ' in 2012 as chief Assistant Director and upcoming situational comedy Jab tum Kaho ( 2016 ) which he eventually produced with Rajiv Kumar starring Ambalika Sarkar , Shirin Guha and Parvin Dabas . In the television industry , he is known for his directorial work in Mahavir Hanuman ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34949c2431d333288f92f59db3ba2a47", "text": "Vikram Thakor Vikram Thakor is Indian film actor , musician and singer . He is known for his work in Gujarati cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "684688a67917165a594dd90f283877fb", "text": "Soodhu Vaadhu Soodhu Vaadhu ( Loosely translates to `` Being crooked minded '' ) is a 2016 Tamil romantic/comedy/drama film written , produced and directed by Kannan Rajamanickam who previously directed Naan Than Bala with Vivek as its protagonist and Raasaiya with Prabhudeva . He is also known as `` Raasaiya '' Kannan . The movie was co-directed by Paari and dialogue was written by Acharya Ravi . It stars newcomer Shanthosh saravanan , Sunu Lakshmi of ` Touring Talkies ' and Ayan Jagan in lead and the supporting cast include Naan kadavul Rajendran , Kovai Sarala , Sentrayan , Munnar Ramesh , Roopasree Nair , T. P. Gajendran , R. V. Udayakumar Jerald and Uma . The movie is in its final stages of Post-production and is expected to be released soon . Category :2010 s Tamil-language films Category : Indian films", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c34782e6c93a61b5533d741de2167800", "text": "Telugu years TeluguTelugu year is the calendar year for the Telugu and Kannada speaking people of India . Each Yuga ( Era ) has a cycle of 60 years . Each year of Ugadi year has a specific name in Panchangam ( Astrnomical calendar ) based on astrological influences and the name of the year would represent the character of that year . The calendar includes 60 year names . Every 60 years one name cycle completes and the names repeat in the next cycle . For example , the Telugu name for 1954 is `` jaya '' , repeated in 2014 . Ugadi is the Telugu new year festival that comes in the spring season ( usually March or April ) . The sixty Ugadi year names are as follows : ( 1867,1927,1987 , 2047 ) Prabhava ప్రభవ ( 1868,1928,1988 , 2048 ) Vibhava విభవ ( 1869,1929,1989 , 2049 ) Sukla శుక్ల ( 1870,1930,1990 , 2050 ) Pramodyuta ప్రమోద్యూత ( 1871,1931,1991 , 2051 ) Prajothpatti ప్రజోత్పత్తి ( 1872,1932,1992 , 2052 ) Aangeerasa ఆంగీరస ( 1873,1933,1993 , 2053 ) Sreemukha శ్రీముఖ ( 1874,1934,1994 , 2054 ) Bhāva భావ ( 1875,1935,1995 , 2055 ) Yuva యువ ( 1876,1936,1996 , 2056 ) Dhāta ధాత ( 1877,1937,1997 , 2057 ) Īswara ఈశ్వర ( 1878,1938,1998 , 2058 ) Bahudhānya బహుధాన్య ( 1879,1939,1999 , 2059 ) Pramādhi ప్రమాధి ( 1880,1940,2000 , 2060 ) Vikrama విక్రమ ( 1881,1941,2001 , 2061 ) Vrisha వృష ( 1882,1942,2002 , 2062 ) Chitrabhānu చిత్రభాను ( 1883,1943,2003 , 2063 ) Svabhānu స్వభాను ( 1884,1944,2004 , 2064 ) Tārana తారణ ( vaikan ) ( 1885,1945,2005 , 2065 ) Pārthiva పార్థివ ( 1886,1946,2006 , 2066 ) Vyaya వ్యయ ( 1887,1947,2007 , 2067 ) Sarvajita సర్వజిత ( 1888,1948,2008 , 2068 ) Sarvadhāri సర్వధారి ( 1889,1949,2009 , 2069 ) Virodhi విరోధి ( 1890,1950,2010 , 2070 ) Vikruti వికృతి ( 1891,1951,2011 , 2071 ) Khara ఖర ( 1892,1952,2012 , 2072 ) Nandana నందన ( 1893,1953,2013 , 2073 ) Vijaya విజయ ( 1894,1954,2014 , 2074 ) Jaya జయ ( 1895,1955,2015 , 2075 ) Manmadha మన్మధ ( 1896,1956,2016 , 2076 ) Durmukhi దుర్ముఖి ( 1897,1957,2017 , 2077 ) Hevalambi హేవళంబి ( 1898,1958,2018 , 2078 ) Vilambi విళంబి ( 1899,1959,2019 , 2079 ) Vikāri వికారి ( 1900,1960,2020 , 2080 ) Sārvari శార్వరి ( 1901,1961,2021 , 2081 ) Plava ప్లవ ( 1902,1962,2022 , 2082 ) Subhakrita శుభకృత ( 1903,1963,2023 , 2083 ) Sobhakrita శోభకృత ( 1904,1964,2024 , 2084 ) Krodhi క్రోధి ( 1905,1965,2025 , 2085 ) Viswāvasu విశ్వావసు ( 1906,1966,2026 , 2086 ) Parābhava పరాభవ ( 1907,1967,2027 , 2087 ) Plavanga ప్లవంగ ( 1908,1968,2028 , 2088 ) Kīlaka కీలక ( 1909,1969,2029 , 2089 ) Soumya సౌమ్య ( 1910,1970,2030 , 2090 ) Sādhārana సాధారణ ( 1911,1971,2031 , 2091 ) Virodhikrita విరోధికృత ( 1912,1972,2032 , 2092 ) Paridhāvi పరిధావి ( 1913,1973,2033 , 2093 ) Pramādeecha ప్రమాదీచ ( 1914,1974,2034 , 2094 ) Ānanda ఆనంద ( 1915,1975,2035 , 2095 ) Rākshasa రాక్షస ( 1916,1976,2036 , 2096 ) Nala నల ( 1917,1977,2037 , 2097 ) Pingala పింగళ ( 1918,1978,2038 , 2098 ) Kālayukti కాళయుక్తి ( vamshidhar ) ( 1919,1979,2039 , 2099 ) Siddhārtha సిద్ధార్థ ( 1920,1980,2040 , 2100 ) Roudri రౌద్రి ( Kalyani ) ( 1921,1981,2041 , 2101 ) Durmathi దుర్మతి ( 1922,1982,2042 , 2102 ) Dundubhi దుందుభి ( 1923,1983,2043 , 2103 ) Rudhirodgāri రుధిరోద్గారి ( 1924,1984,2044 , 2104 ) Raktākshi రక్తాక్షి ( 1925,1985,2045 , 2105 ) Krodhana క్రోధన ( 1926,1986,2046 , 2106 ) Akshyaya అక్షయ Significance : In ancient days Yogis ( saints ) interact directly with god , according to that , they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) by considering Lord Shiva ( Destroyer of bad ) , Lord Vishnu ( Manager of good and bad ) , Lord Bharmha ( Creator of things ) and Goddess Shakthi ( Energy ) life 's span . Below is the Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) : 60 years = Shashti Poorthi ( For Reference : Shashti Poorthi ) 4,32,000 years = Kali yuga ( Age of vice ) ( For Reference : Kali Yuga ) 8,64,000 years = Dwapar yuga ( For Reference : Dvapara Yuga ) 12,96,000 years = Treta Yuga ( For Reference : Treta Yuga ) 17,28,000 years = Sat Yuga or Krta Yuga or Krita Yuga ( For Reference : Satya Yuga ) Total 43,20,000 years = 1 Maha yuga ( Total 4 yugas . For Reference : Yuga ) 71 Maha yugas = 1 Manvantara or Manuvantara or Manvanter ( For Reference : Manvantara ) 14 Manvantara = 1 Kalpa ( For Reference : Kalpa ( aeon ) ) 2 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 1 day 2000 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 's life span 200 Kalpas of Lord Vishnu = Lord Shiva 1 day 200 Kalpas of Lord Shiva = 1 eye blink of Lord Shakthi ( Energy ) . For more information : Hindu units of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7315643d07f0cef2e85a53d321638a", "text": "Soundararaja Soundararaja is an Indian film actor and short film producer who appears in Tamil films . Following a stint as a system engineer had worked in Singapore and France he bagun considering acting as career . He was working as a background actor , playing minor supporting roles for over five years ; he started his career as villain role in S.R.Prabakaran in Sundarapandian ( 2012 ) , Varuthapadatha Valiber Sangam ( 2013 ) , Jigarthanda ( 2014 ) , in between he did many roles in various projects again in 2016 he acted as Villain again in Dharma Durai ( 2016 film ) ( 2016 ) with his best friend Vijay Sethupathi . In the same year 2016 he got introduced as a second Hero in Enakku Veru Engum Kilaigal Kidayathu ( 2016 ) , with Goundamani . which earned critical and commercial success , turned Soundararaja into a popular name in Tamil cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59afe8e1184d7c067c3492202efb727e", "text": "Lifeu Ishtene Lifeu Ishtene is a 2011 Indian dark comedy-drama Kannada written and directed by Pawan Kumar . It stars Diganth , Sindhu Lokanath and Samyukta Hornad in the lead roles . Sathish Ninasam , Achyuth Kumar and Veena Sundar feature in supporting roles . The plot revolves around the adult life of a carefree youngster , who falls in love easily with multiple women , and observes the consequences , `` realizing the meaning of life '' and that it comes a `` full circle '' . The title of the film which translates to `` this is all life is '' , was taken from a track of the 2010 Kannada film Pancharangi . The film score and soundtrack was composed by Mano Murthy , with lyrics for the tracks penned by Yogaraj Bhat , Jayant Kaikini and Pawan Kumar . The cinematography was done by Sugnaan , and was edited by Sanath and Suresh . The film was released on 9 September 2011 to critical acclaim . Following a 9-week run at theatres , it emerged as a commercial success , and was declared one of the best Kannada films of 2011 . Having been nominated in three categories , Chethan Sosca won the award for Best Male Playback Singer at the Filmfare Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f9c580161f83bbb5ed43ca8cb1659e", "text": "Manam (film) Manam ( Us ) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language fantasy drama film written and directed by Vikram Kumar and produced by Akkineni Family under the Annapurna Studios banner . Nagarjuna appears alongside Akkineni Nageswara Rao , Naga Chaitanya , Samantha Ruth Prabhu and Shriya Saran . Amitabh Bachchan , Amala , and Nagarjuna 's younger son Akkineni Akhil made cameo appearances along with other personalities . The film is set in various time periods , over the course of a hundred years up until 2013 , and deals with the concepts of rebirth and eternal love . The plot features a wealthy businessman , Nageswara Rao , attempting to bring a young couple together resembling his deceased parents and the elderly Chaitanya 's attempts to bring the businessman and a doctor together . They resemble Chaitanya 's deceased parents who died because of a mistake committed by him in his childhood . The film was made with a budget of 280 million . Harsha Vardhan wrote the film 's dialogues , while Anup Rubens composed the film 's music . P. S. Vinod handled the film 's cinematography . Production began on 3 June 2013 . Principal photography began on 7 June 2013 and was shot in and around Hyderabad , Coorg and Mysore till mid April 2014 . Manam was the last film of Nageswara Rao , who died on 22 January 2014 during the film 's production phase . The film was promoted as a `` befitting send off '' and a tribute from his son , Nagarjuna . The film was released worldwide on 23 May 2014 to positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful , collecting 365 million in its lifetime . The film was screened at the 45th International Film Festival of India in the Homage to ANR section on 29 November 2014 . The film garnered the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a2e1baf81e24e85149c7f0373cc934", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Tabu Tabu is an Indian film actress . She has mainly acted in Hindi films , though she has also starred in numerous Telugu , Tamil , Malayalam , Marathi and Bengali language films , as well as Hollywood films . She has won the National Film Award for Best Actress twice , and she holds the record for the most wins of Filmfare Awards in Critics Best Actress with four . Other then Best Actress category , she has received Filmfare Awards in Best Female Debut , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actress , Best Actress ( Tamil ) an Best Actress ( Telugu ) categories . Despite a few exceptions , Tabu is best known for acting in artistic , low-budget films that go on to garner more critical appreciation than substantial box office figures . Her appearances in commercially successful films were few , and her parts in these films were small , such as Border ( 1997 ) , Saajan Chale Sasural ( 1996 ) , Biwi No. 1 and Hum Saath-Saath Hain : We Stand United ( 1999 ) . Her most notable performances include Maachis ( 1996 ) , Virasat ( 1997 ) , Hu Tu Tu ( 1999 ) , Astitva ( 2000 ) , Chandni Bar ( 2001 ) , Maqbool ( 2003 ) and Cheeni Kum ( 2007 ) . Her leading role in Mira Nair 's American film The Namesake also drew major praise . She also co-starred in Ang Lee 's film Life of Pi ( 2012 ) , which was widely acclaimed . Regarded as one of the most talented Indian female actors of her generation , Tabu is known to be selective about her film roles and has once said , `` I do films which move me and most of all , the unit and the director should appeal to me . '' She was awarded the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian award , in 2011 by the Government of India for her contributions towards the arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ac4fea29baffcc66935e701dce1057", "text": "Devi (2016 film) Devi is a 2016 Indian musical horror comedy film co-written and directed by A. L. Vijay . It features Prabhu Deva and Tamannaah in lead roles and Sonu Sood , RJ Balaji in supporting roles . Apart from the Tamil version , the film was also simultaneously shot and released in Telugu and Hindi as Abhinetri and Tutak Tutak Tutiya respectively ; the three had a worldwide release on 7 October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9db3dc0d6026f1374d7607ecbac90ae3", "text": "Vikram Dhillon Vikram Dhillon ( born September 5 , 1973 ) is an Indo-Canadian film producer , director , actor and a former VJ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "765ec6b02a9a5c1e88f43c414a5add36", "text": "Ooha (film) Ooha is a 1996 Indian Telugu romantic thriller film , written by and directed by Sivala Prabhakar . The film stars Vikram , Ooha and Ali in the leading roles , while Subhashri plays a supporting role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73d9c14844f19e0847cfbf297825f96a", "text": "Alluri Seetarama Raju (film) Alluri Seetarama Raju is a 1974 Telugu biographical historical film based on the life of Alluri Sitarama Raju , an Indian revolutionary who is known for his role in `` Rampa Rebellion '' of 1922 -- 24 , and tribal leader Gam Malludora during the Indian independence movement in the Madras Presidency . Raju with a band of tribal leaders and other sympathizers fought against the British Raj . The film is produced by Padmalaya Studios , as the 100th film of Ghattamaneni Krishna . Scripted by Maharadhi Tripuraneni , the film was directed by V. Ramachandra Rao , as South India 's first Cinemascope film . The film won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for revolutionary compositions rendered by Srirangam Srinivasa Rao . The film won the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film , and was screened at the International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section , and Tashkent Film Festival . The film was the highest grossing Telugu film for that year . The film was screened retrospective on August 16 , 2016 at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278579c998a903369f5a292ddd46a14e", "text": "Vijaypath Vijaypath ( Path of Victory ) is a 1994 Bollywood action drama film starring Ajay Devgan , Tabu and Danny Denzongpa . The film was one of the hits of 1994 in India mainly due to its soundtrack composed by Anu Malik which became an instant superhit . Divya Bharti was originally meant to be the female lead but was replaced by Tabu after her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2676e05eef69b3cb7f750efb45bcb01", "text": "Ishtam (2001 Telugu film) Ishtam ( , English translation : Liking ) is a Telugu movie produced by Ramoji Rao ( Eenadu Group ) and directed by Vikram Kumar & Raj Kumar . This is the debut movie of Shriya . Charan paired up with Shriya for the first time . This was Charan 's only film as an actor as he did n't act in any other film other than this .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fadd25d6b50bfb0e454d9fe85fac69cd", "text": "Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ( ˈ ; born 7 October 1952 ) is the current President of the Russian Federation , holding the office since 7 May 2012 . He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000 , President from 2000 to 2008 , and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012 . During his second term as Prime Minister , he was the Chairman of the ruling United Russia Party . Born in Leningrad ( now Saint Petersburg ) , Putin studied German in high school and speaks the language fluently . He studied Law at the Saint Petersburg State University , graduating in 1975 . Putin was a KGB Foreign Intelligence Officer for 16 years , rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before retiring in 1991 to enter politics in Saint Petersburg . He moved to Moscow in 1996 and joined President Boris Yeltsin 's administration , rising quickly through the ranks and becoming Acting President on 31 December 1999 , when Yeltsin resigned . Putin won the subsequent 2000 Presidential election by a 53 % to 30 % margin , thus avoiding a runoff with his Communist Party of the Russian Federation opponent , Gennady Zyuganov . He was re-elected President in 2004 with 72 % of the vote . During Putin 's first presidency , the Russian economy grew for eight straight years , and GDP measured in purchasing power increased by 72 % . The growth was a result of the 2000s commodities boom , high oil prices , and prudent economic and fiscal policies . Because of constitutionally mandated term limits , Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008 . The 2008 Presidential election was won by Dmitry Medvedev , who appointed Putin Prime Minister , beginning what has been called a period of `` tandemocracy '' . In September 2011 , after presidential terms were extended from four to six years , Putin announced he would seek a third term as president . He won the March 2012 presidential election with 64 % of the vote , a result which aligned with pre-election polling . Falling oil prices coupled with international sanctions imposed at the beginning of 2014 after Russia 's annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Eastern Ukraine led to GDP shrinking by 3.7 % in 2015 , though the Russian economy rebounded in 2016 with 0.3 % GDP growth and is officially out of the recession . Under Putin 's leadership , Russia has scored poorly on both the Economist Intelligence Unit 's Democracy Index and Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index . Putin has enjoyed high domestic approval ratings during his career , and received extensive international attention as one of the world 's most powerful leaders . In 2007 , he was the Time Person of the Year . In 2015 , he was # 1 on the Time 's Most Influential People List . Forbes ranked him the World 's Most Powerful Individual every year from 2013 to 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6fcae5fc8a81a527f61752a913ed9747", "text": "Young Russia (youth movement) Young Russia is a Russian youth movement founded in April 2005 . The movement is known for its protest rallies in front of foreign embassies and for various political rallies in the streets . The organization was founded in April 2005 by a group of students and post-graduate students of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University . The manifesto of the movement stipulates that their main activity will be directed against `` Western expansion , terrorism and corruption '' . In March 2009 leader of the movement Maksim Mishenko declared that the movement would rather focus in other directions : among others - the fight against the religious sect of scientologists and against illegal sales of alcohol to minors . According to Mishenko , after presidential elections the main enemy diminished its influence , and the United States of America will no longer try to use `` Orange revolution technologies '' to interfere in the internal affairs of our country . We need to prepare for a peaceful life and refocus our resources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bad7cdee0d385227d45661ed34fb767", "text": "Putinland Putinland is a political neologism which appeared in the international media following the 2006 murder of Anna Politkovskaya and Alexander Litvinenko . The term has been used in various contexts , from portraying Russia as a corrupt and murderous regime where the line between the security forces and organised crime is blurred to an oil and gas powered state that is ready to swat away criticism at home , squash troublesome neighbours and sacrifice personal freedoms in the name of a strong centralised state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab3dd0f18d0168acf0c36b0e17bbd7de", "text": "Andrei Fursenko Andrei Aleksandrovich Fursenko ( Андрей Александрович Фурсенко born 17 July 1949 in Leningrad ) is a Russian politician , scientist and businessman . He was the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation from 2004 to 2012 . He is considered to be a member of the Saint Petersburg political groups under Vladimir Putin 's presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5356908492fabeb5dab3269b252749f8", "text": "Pavel Ipatov Pavel Leonidovich Ipatov , Born 12 April 1950 , he was the governor of Saratov Oblast until March , 23,2012 . He is the first governor appointed by President Vladimir Putin , who replaced a directly elected governor . Ipatov belongs to United Russia . He was previously director of a nuclear-power plant . Ipatov was born in the village of Asbestovskoye in Sverdlovsk Oblast and studied at the Urals Political College in Sverdlovsk . In 1975 he graduated from the Ural State Technical University with a degree in electrical engineering and joined the power generation industry . During the 1980s he was manager at the South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant and became chief engineer at the Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant in 1985 and managing director of this plant in 1989 . He became deputy managing director of Energoatom in 2002 . He was a deputy on Balakovo city council from 1996 to 2004 , before being appointed governor of Saratov Oblast in 2005 . On March , 23,2012 , he resigned from the post according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federationto be replaced by Valery Radaev . The wording in the Decree was `` resignation by his own will '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ba5d2d2abeac51ae032dd27388354f2", "text": "Vladimir Anatolyevich Yakovlev Vladimir Anatolyevich Yakovlev ( -LSB- Влади́мир Анато́льевич Я́ковлев , p = vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɐnɐˈtolʲɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjakəvlʲɪf -RSB- born November 25 , 1944 , in Olyokminsk , Yakutia , Soviet Union ) is a Russian politician , currently retired . In 1996 -- 2003 , he was the Governor of Saint Petersburg . In 2003-2004 , prior to the Beslan school hostage crisis , he was Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Southern Federal District . On September 13 , 2004 , - September 24 , 2007 , he was Russia 's Minister for Regional Development in Mikhail Fradkov 's Second Cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81c3380b0b0ec97f92ab412db14ab9e4", "text": "Stanislav Belkovsky Stanislav Alexandrovich Belkovsky ( Станисла́в Алекса́ндрович Белко́вский , born 7 February 1971 , Moscow , USSR ) is a Russian political analyst and communication specialist . He is a founder and director of the National Strategy Institute . Belkovsky is a commentator on a variety of political issues , including Russian oligarchs , such as Mikhail Khodorkovsky He has published allegations about Vladimir Putin 's personal wealth , according to which Putin `` controls a 4.5 % stake in Gazprom , 37 % in Surgutneftegaz '' as well as 50 % in the oil-trading company Gunvor run by his close friend Gennady Timchenko . He authored the journalistic cliché `` Puting '' , derived from the name of Russia 's president from 2000-2008 and 2012 -- present , to denote the process of the renationalisation of Russia 's oil industry assets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66258dcfa2998ab42a7ccac56218242c", "text": "MSU Faculty of History The Faculty of History is one of the faculties of the Moscow State University . Established at 1934 on the base of the Historical-philological faculty of the university . The dean of the faculty is Sergey Karpov ( since 1995 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa899b8ef82ef5d09f9c912fefd05259", "text": "Vladimir Litvinenko Vladimir Stefanovich Litvinenko ( Влади́мир Стефа́нович Литвине́нко , born 14 August 1955 ) is a Russian academic , businessman and Vladimir Putin 's campaign manager . He is also rector of the National Mineral Resources University in St. Petersburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2905be2a525a2dfbf724b10b5ca6d42", "text": "Imperial Commercial College Imperial Commercial College is an educational institution founded in 1772 as part of the Moscow Foundling Home for teaching merchants ' children . In 1779 it was named after its founder Prokofi Demidov . In 1800 it was separated from the Home and moved to St. Petersburg . In 1904 it received Imperial status and officially ceased its existence in 1918 but de facto it continued working . In 1931 , it served as the foundation for Leningrad Training Mechanics and Technology Refrigeration Plant , which later became the St. Petersburg State University of Refrigeration and Food Processing Technologies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5940b18cafb4fbde7ab3924d50855ba0", "text": "Oleg Skorlukov Oleg Albertovich Skorlukov ( Олег Альбертович Скорлуков born March 2 , 1968 ) is a member of the State Duma of Russia . He was born in 1968 . He has attended higher education . He is a member of the LDPR . His is currently Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Economic Policy , Entrepreneurship and Tourism . Category :1968 births Category : Living people Category : Members of the State Duma ( Russian Federation ) Category : Liberal Democratic Party of Russia politicians", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2742a609a30e357e6390d81bd89f8c06", "text": "Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov ( Никола́й Гера́симович Устря́лов 4 May ( N.S. 16 May ) 1805 in Oryol Governorate -- 8 June ( N.S. 20 June ) 1870 in Tsarskoye Selo ) was a Russian historian who elaborated the Official Nationality Theory . His outline of Russia 's history was awarded the Demidov Prize for the best Russian history textbook ( 1837 ) and was highly regarded by Nicholas I himself . Ustryalov 's father was a peasant , and his grand nephew Nikolay Vasilyevich Ustryalov was a notable politician . His major contributions to Russian historiography include the publication of several key sources on the Russian Tsardom such as Jacques Margeret 's memoir ( 1830 ) , the collection of reminiscences about False Demetrius I ( 1831 ) , and Andrey Kurbsky 's complete writings ( 1833 ) . The American Cyclopaedia ( 1873 -- 76 ) cites Ustryalov as the author of `` The History of Russia '' ( German translation , 3 vols. , Stuttgart , 1840 ) , which `` urges the gradual Russification of all the non-Russian tribes of the empire and has been officially introduced as a textbook into the Russian colleges '' . Ustryalov 's lectures in the University of St. Petersburg grew increasingly unpopular with students during Alexander II 's liberal reign . He spent the latter part of his life working on the ten volumes of The History of Peter the Great 's Reign , of which however only volumes 1-4 and 6 were completed . This work was highly regarded by his contemporaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063c64bc7d5ba910b4e5b1b6ffdd4df5", "text": "Valery Tereshchenko Valery Yakovlevich Tereshchenko ( born 1952 ) is a Russian diplomat and is a former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Kingdom of Cambodia . Tereshchenko graduated from the Institute of Asian and African Countries at Moscow State University in 1978 , and entered the Soviet diplomatic service in 1980 . From 1980-1985 , 1988 -- 1992 and 1995-1999 he served at the Soviet , and then Russian embassy in Indonesia . On 29 July 2004 , Russian President Vladimir Putin signed Ukaz # 982 confirming the appointment of Tereshchenko as Ambassador of Russia to Cambodia and held the post until 25 May 2009 when Dmitry Medvedev relieved Tereshchenko as Ambassador . Tereshchenko speaks Russian , English , Indonesian and Malay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31700ec4da41f6e44068785a1101887", "text": "Konstantin Kavelin Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin ( Константи́н Дми́триевич Каве́лин in Russian ) ( November 4 , 1818 , Saint Petersburg -- May 5 , 1885 , Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian historian , jurist , and sociologist , sometimes called the chief architect of early Russian liberalism . Born in Saint Petersburg into an old noble family , Kavelin graduated from the legal department of the Moscow University and read law at the University of St Petersburg from 1839 . Together with Timofey Granovsky and Alexander Herzen , he was one of the leading Westernizers . In 1855 , Herzen published Kavelin 's celebrated proposal for the emancipation of serfs , which cost him the lucrative position of tsesarevich 's tutor . During the 1860s , Kavelin was elected President of the Free Economic Society and gradually drifted to the right . In his Short Review of Russian History ( 1887 ) he seconded many Slavophile opinions and praised the state as the key institution of national history . Some scholars believe that Kavelin was a prototype of Stiva Oblonski in Leo Tolstoy 's novel Anna Karenina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bbaa81e7c53abcea54ac49cf19c2e9", "text": "Victory Square, Saint Petersburg Victory Square ( Пло́щадь Побе́ды , Ploschad Pobedy ) in Saint Petersburg , Russia , is named after the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War . It is located in the very end of Moskovsky Prospekt near Pulkovo Airport -- not in the central part of the city , despite this name being common in the former Soviet cities as a central city square . The nearest metro station is Moskovskaya . Victory Square is home to the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad , which commemorates the victims and survivors of the Siege of Leningrad . The monument , designed by Sergey Speranskiy and Valentin Kamenskiy , and sculpted by Mikhail Anikushin , was erected in 1975 to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the end of the war . It consists of a 48 -- metre high obelisk , a large circular enclosure , and a subterranean Memorial Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c26ce99e9ae8f1dbff950dab48f0c6", "text": "Ural State Mining University Ural State Mining University is situated in Yekaterinburg , Russian Federation . It was founded in 1914 . In 1917 Nicholas II signed an order titled `` On keeping of the Yekaterinburg Institute of Mines under the patronage of His Majesty the Emperor and on giving to this educational establishment the title of The Emperor Nicholas II Ural Institute of Mines '' . It is the oldest establishment of higher education in the Middle Urals . It offers education in geology , geophysics , engineering and management of mining , geological prospecting . The university offers dozens of graduate and postgraduate programmes . The geologists of the university have discovered hundreds of deposits in Urals and Siberia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beba90befe5b36d8b88d4445b91d9a04", "text": "Cherepovets State University Cherepovets State University is an educational institution in the Vologda region of Russia . It was founded in 1996 as the Cherepovets State Industrial Institute and Pedagogical Institute . The university has the following institutes : Humanities Institute , Institute of Pedagogics and Psychology , Institute of Metallurgy and Chemistry , Institute of Economics and Engineering , Institute of Extra-Mural Education . The total number of the students at the university is more than 5000 . Admission into the university is based on performance in the Unified State Test . The UST measures the student 's ability to perform in a university setting . In addition an applicant submits a written application and a school-leaving certificate . University life begins with a solemn ceremony , initiating freshmen into the students . The rector , vice-rectors and deans make speeches and congratulate students on their new status . The monitors hand out student membership cards , student record books and library cards . Some students pay tuition fees , others may receive scholarships . Some students take a postgraduate course ; write Ph.D. theses and later doctoral ones . Competitions in skiing , basketball , football are held at the university . The university publishes a newspaper , which contains news about students ' life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a374eb0cc9933f00e62574063d35cc59", "text": "Vasily Zhukov Vasily Ivanovich Zhukov ( Russian : Васи́лий Ива́нович Жу́ков ; born April 1 , 1947 ) is a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and has a Ph.D. in history . Professor Zhukov is the rector of the Russian State Social University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9d05849c8d3f811aadab22dfd9183c5", "text": "Saint Peter's School Saint Peter 's School ( Петришуле , Sankt-Petri-Schule ) , often referred to as Petrischule ( the German transliteration of its Russian name ) is a secondary school in St. Petersburg . It is one of the oldest educational institutions in Russia , having been founded in 1709 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c9702d9be1df17fec987a896ad1407", "text": "Viktor Zubkov Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov ( -LSB- Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Зубко́в , p = ˈvʲiktər ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ zʊpˈkof -RSB- born 15 September 1941 ) is a Russian politician and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Russia from September 2007 to May 2008 . He was Vladimir Putin 's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitry Medvedev . Zubkov was a financial crime investigator until 12 September 2007 , when he was nominated by President Vladimir Putin to replace Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov , who had resigned earlier that day . The nomination was approved in the Duma on 14 September 2007 . On 7 May 2008 Zubkov 's cabinet was automatically dismissed . This procedure , following an inauguration of the President of Russia is required by the Russian Constitution . After Putin became Prime Minister , Zubkov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister . Zubkov is also the current chairman of the board of directors of Gazprom , Russia 's largest corporation and one of the largest oil and natural gas companies in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e1185b4c4b056c6717cb95e9584eaac", "text": "Zaporizhzhya National University Zaporizhzhya National University ( ZNU ) is a State-sponsored university in Zaporizhzhya , Ukraine . Its full name is `` Zaporizhzhya National University of the Ministry of Education , Youth and Sports of Ukraine . '' On August 11 , 1930 , Sovnarkom Ukraine approved the list of 27 institutes and departments , including the Zaporizhzhya Institute of Education . In 1931 , the Institute of Education was renamed the Pedagogical Institute of Vocational Education . It was once again renamed the Zaporozhye State Pedagogical Institute in 1933 . The first issue of teachers took place in 1932 , according to the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 21.09.1982 № 872 . At the opening of Zaporozhye of the State University the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian USSR from 28.09.1982 Number 478 and the order of the USSR Ministry of 28.10.1982 № 1090 on the subject - `` On the basis of Zaporozhye State Pedagogical Institute by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Ukrainian SSR from 16.08.1985 '' Number 212 was created Zaporozhye State University . Decision DAKU 30.03.2010 , the Zaporizhzhya State University is accredited by the fourth level in general . Since 1995 it has an educational and scientific complex Zaporizhzhya University , which includes institutes , colleges , technical schools and about 50 schools in the city and region . Zaporizhzhya State University has been a member of the European University Association ( EATE ) since 1999 . In 2003 , ZNU became a member of the International Association of Sociology and Administration . In 2004 , ZNU became a member of the Ukrainian Association of Educational Management . On December 24 , 2004 , the President of Ukraine granted it the status of National University . In 2008 , Zaporizhzhya National University opened its Economics and Law Schools . On February 1 , 2009 - it was subjected to Shopping college . On March 30 , 2009 the Economics and Humanities Schools were created in Melitopol . On November 18 , 2011 , the Zaporizhzhya National University was admitted into the Eurasian Association of Universities . In 2011 , it opened 13 new majors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa8e5140398b3cf4b209dc98a05aa152", "text": "Grand Theft Auto V Grand Theft Auto V is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 17 September 2013 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , on 18 November 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , and on 14 April 2015 for Microsoft Windows . It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008 's Grand Theft Auto IV . Set within the fictional state of San Andreas , based on Southern California , the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency . The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas ' open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos , based on Los Angeles . The game is played from either a first-person or third-person view and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch between them both during and outside of missions . The story is centred on the heist sequences , and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay . A `` wanted '' system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes . Grand Theft Auto Online , the online multiplayer mode , lets up to 30 players explore the open world and engage in cooperative or competitive game matches . Development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV 's release and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 , and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors . Much of the development work constituted the open world 's creation , and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team . The game 's soundtrack features an original score composed by a team of producers who collaborated over several years . Extensively marketed and widely anticipated , the game broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history , earning US $ 800 million in its first day and US $ 1 billion in its first three days . It received widespread critical acclaim , with praise directed at its multiple protagonist design , open world , presentation and gameplay . However , it caused controversies related to its depiction of women and a mission featuring torture during a hostage interrogation . Considered one of seventh generation console gaming 's most significant titles and among the best games ever made , it won year-end accolades including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . It has shipped over 80 million copies and is one of the best-selling video games of all time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "93509eaf73f5d9728fdaf73431c1d94c", "text": "Interstate '82 Interstate '82 is a vehicular combat video game for Windows . It was developed and published by Activision and released in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe22eb42ff4ffd384039148672e203e0", "text": "Indestructible (video game) Indestructible is a freemium vehicular combat video game developed by Glu Mobile for iOS and Android mobile devices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ef7ab8faada1c0f4a242932d90d305f", "text": "Super Street Fighter IV is a 2010 fighting game produced by Capcom . It is an updated version of Street Fighter IV and has been said to mark the definitive end of the Street Fighter IV series . Having been deemed as too large an update to be deployed as DLC , the game was made into a standalone title , but given a lower price than that of a full retail game . It was released in April 2010 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Super Street Fighter IV : 3D Edition was released as one of the launch titles for the Nintendo 3DS , with 3D functionality , on February 26 , 2011 , in Japan . The game has sold 1.9 million units worldwide , while the 3D Edition for the 3DS has sold an additional 1.1 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f20e9fe4ea75e3d738bfbed78dcc360", "text": "F-1 Grand Prix (video game series) is a series of video games developed and published by Video System . The series is based on the seasonal television series by Fuji Television and FOCA . It was also influenced by Video System 's 1989 arcade racing game , Tail to Nose : Great Championship ( known in Japan as Super Formula : Chijō Saisoku no Battle ) , and started with an Arcade game in 1991 . The series was later brought to home consoles from the Super Famicom to the Nintendo 64 , Sony PlayStation and Sega Dreamcast platforms . The music of the games were mostly composed by Naoki Itamura , and some titles in the series feature the song TRUTH by T-Square . In 1998 , the series later shifted from a top-viewed racing game to a 3D polygon-based simulation-style racing game beginning with the release of F-1 World Grand Prix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afe532a953a696876cc3fd1d57b3d93d", "text": "List of celebrity appearances in video games This is a list of celebrities who have appeared as themselves in video games . Bruce Lee -- Starred in several video games , see Bruce Lee ( video game ) disambiguation page and Media about Bruce Lee Bruce Lee ( 1984 ) ; Bruce Lee Lives ( 1989 ) ; Dragon : The Bruce Lee Story ( 1993 ) ; Bruce Lee : Quest of the Dragon ( 2002 ) ; Bruce Lee : Return of the Legend ( 2003 ) ; Bruce Lee : Iron Fist 3D ( 2008 ) Drew Carey -- Cameo in The Sims : House Party ( 2001 ) . Avril Lavigne , Andy Warhol , Christina Aguilera , Cameron Diaz , Sarah McLachlan , Jon Bon Jovi and Marilyn Monroe appear in The Sims : Superstar ( 2003 ) . Gackt -- Character in Bujingai ( 2003 ) ; Genesis Rhapsodos ( aka `` G '' ) in Dirge of Cerberus : Final Fantasy VII ( 2006 ) and Crisis Core : Final Fantasy VII ( 2007 ) . Gary Coleman -- Appears as himself in Postal ² ( 2003 ) . Redman -- Appears as himself in True Crime : New York City ( 2005 ) . Snoop Dogg -- appears in True Crime : Streets of LA ( 2003 ) . Hugh Hefner , Carmen Electra and Tom Arnold appear in Playboy : The Mansion ( 2005 ) . Phil Collins -- Appears as himself in Grand Theft Auto : Vice City Stories . Katt Williams and Ricky Gervais perform in the comedy clubs of Grand Theft Auto IV ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent -- Appeared as himself in 50 Cent : Bulletproof ( 2005 ) and 50 Cent : Blood on the Sand ( 2008 ) . Michael Jackson -- Appeared as himself in `` Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker '' Kiss -- A fictionalized version of this rock band appear in Kiss : Psycho Circus : The Nightmare Child . Kiss also appear in Tony Hawk 's Underground , both in performing cameos and as secret characters ( though only Gene Simmons has his own moves ; the other members have default `` pedestrian '' moves and animations ) . Aerosmith -- Revolution X , Quest for Fame and Guitar Hero : Aerosmith . Mike Tyson -- appears as himself in Mike Tyson 's Punch-Out !! ( 1987 ) and Mike Tyson : Main Event for the iPhone created by RockLive . Jesse James -- appears as himself in Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 . Shaquille O'Neal -- stars in his own fighting game titled Shaq-Fu , released for the Super NES and Genesis . Also appears as an unlockable fighter in one UFC game . Burt Reynolds -- appears as himself in Saints Row : The Third . Keith David -- appears as himself in Saints Row IV . Michael Jordan -- appears as himself in Michael Jordan : Chaos in the Windy City The Black Eyed Peas -- appear in `` The Sims : Urbz '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87cdabe42dbe2feab50dd7e03e2b9bf7", "text": "Payday 2 Payday 2 '' ' is a cooperative first-person shooter video game developed by Overkill Software and published by 505 Games has former published by Sony . The game is a sequel to 2011 's Payday : The Heist . It was released on 13 August 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . An improved version of the game , subtitled Crimewave Edition , was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in June 2015 ( on 12 June in the UK and Europe and on 16 June in North America ) . The game has been announced for the Nintendo Switch and will come out in the fall of 2017 . Two years after the events of the previous game , a new gang comes to the Washington , D.C. area to perform another heisting spree . The player takes control of one of the gang 's seventeen members and can perform heists alone , with up to two AI players , or with ( up to ) 3 other players . The player can participate in a variety of heists , including but not limited to robberies of banks , shops and armored cars , and producing and distributing narcotics . The game differs on the previous by allowing much more customization of the player ( aesthetically and gameplay-wise ) , more variety in levels , and has reworked stealth mechanics . An accompanying web series was produced to promote the game . The game was profitable from pre-orders alone and received positive reviews . Payday 2 : Crimewave Edition '' which offers improved graphics , new content and all previous DLCs , was released on 12 June 2015 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651849f103a73b62b8ce5c1b1dfffe87", "text": "Red Annihilation Red Annihilation was a Quake competitive eSport event held in May 1997 that was one of the first nationwide video game competition held in the United States . In the final match of the tournament , Dennis `` Thresh '' Fong defeated Tom `` Entropy '' Kimzey of Impulse 9 on the map Castle of the Damned . For winning the event , Fong was awarded John D. Carmack 's 1987 Ferrari 328 GTS cabriolet as the grand prize . The tournament was created first as Kings of Capture Quake Tournament started by Michael `` Hawthorne '' Shearon , after contacting Intergraph for possible sponsorship the tournament was folded into what became Red Annihilation . The tournament was then developed and organized by Rob Esterling , executive director overseeing Intergraph Computer Systems 's commercial and consumer graphics group , and his Intergraph team including Jim Terzian , the tournament 's director and Victor Johnson , the team 's Art Director . In 1996 , Microsoft 's DirectX group hosted game competitions , first at the Computer Game Developers Conference , then as a separate event , selecting the players and flying them in to compete . These Microsoft-hosted competitions might be seen as the first nationwide video game competitions held in the United States , as players came from throughout the country . When a further Microsoft DirectX-organized event , intended to be held at Naval Air Station Alameda , was cancelled , Intergraph announced it would host a tournament that would be an open , national computer game competition and chose Quake as the game to be played . Intergraph brought in Quake developer id Software , 3D computer graphics chipset maker Rendition , and online gaming company Mpath Interactive as partners in Red Annihilation . Will Bryant and Frank Cabanski of the Quake ClanRing were selected to operate the game competition because of their prior pioneering experience running large scale gaming tournaments . The initial phase of the tournament was held on Mpath 's MPlayer network with over 2000 participants from across the United States competing online in one-on-one matches . The top 16 players were flown to Atlanta , Georgia for the concluding phase of the tournament , where they competed inside the World Congress Center in a gaming arena Intergraph built on the floor of the Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . This phase of the competition used vQuake , the hardware accelerated version of the game , played on Intergraph PC computers equipped with Rendition V1000-based Intense3D graphics accelerators . Players were able to use their own keyboards , mice and other pointing devices if they wished . As E3 was at the time an industry exhibition open to the trade only , most spectators watched the final competitions online via in-game cameras orchestrated by Bryant and Cabanski . The final morning of the tournament was also covered from the show floor by NBC 's Today and The Wall Street Journal . It was discovered during the award ceremony that tournament winner Fong , a student at De Anza College , would not be able to drive his prize as he was not insured for such a vehicle . Carmack agreed to underwrite Fong 's insurance for a year so the latter could enjoy his new car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd13d07b292d19b522f219862f492ff3", "text": "NBA Street V3 NBA Street V3 is the third game in the NBA Street series . It is the sequel of NBA Street Vol . 2 . It was released for PlayStation 2 , GameCube and Xbox , along with a PlayStation Portable port of V3 called NBA Street Showdown . Contributing rappers to the Golden Age of Hip Hop , the Beastie Boys , appear as playable characters . The GameCube version contains Mario , Luigi , and Princess Peach as playable characters . This was part of a deal Nintendo had with EA Sports to have Nintendo 's intellectual properties appear in EA franchises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f03e7f2f01edbd4f157fd4e15cde99", "text": "Guilty Gear 2: Overture is a video game in the Guilty Gear series made by Arc System Works for the Xbox 360 . Unlike previous Guilty Gear titles , this installment makes use of 3D graphics . The Xbox Live demo of Guilty Gear 2 describes the game as , `` a mix between the action and real-time strategy genre . '' A playable demo featuring three modes of gameplay was released in Japan via Xbox Live on 30 October 2007 . A North American version was released on October 7 , 2008 released by Aksys Games . A port for Microsoft Windows was released on March 31 , 2016 worldwide by Arc System Works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640c0eba2dd8ea18dd95385fdbee4bab", "text": "Midnight Club 3: DUB Edition Midnight Club 3 : DUB Edition is a racing game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games It is the third installment in the Midnight Club series . Like previous installments in the series , the game is an arcade-style racer and focuses on wild , high-speed racing , rather than realistic physics and driving . The name is derived from a partnership between Rockstar and DUB Magazine , which features heavily in the game in the form of DUB-sponsored races and DUB-customized vehicles as prizes . Players race through open world recreations of San Diego , Atlanta , and Detroit listening to 98 licensed music tracks that include hip-hop , rock , and more . The game features a number of graphical views after the player crashes into certain objects , or travels across particular stretches of road . There is also the ability to customize a player 's vehicle . Other than modifying the external looks , the vehicle 's performance can also be improved ( with the exception of all ` A ' Class vehicles except motorcycles ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc3c3125e9b825f5a0842f99aa88343", "text": "Motor vehicle theft Motor vehicle theft or grand theft auto is the criminal act of stealing or attempting to steal any motor vehicle , usually an automobile . Nationwide in the US in 2012 , there were an estimated 721,053 motor vehicle thefts , or approximately 229.7 motor vehicles stolen for every 100,000 inhabitants . Property losses due to motor vehicle theft in 2012 were estimated at $ 4.3 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "473c629003347466800c7e290c324ef9", "text": "Asphalt Urban GT Asphalt Urban GT is a racing video game for the Nintendo DS and the Nokia N-Gage handheld video game consoles . It was developed by Gameloft and published by Ubisoft , and released on November 21 , 2004 , making it one of the DS launch titles . It has support for wireless multiplayer with up to four opponents , and takes advantage of the DS 's support for 3D graphics ( while showing unaccelerated N-Gage 's power to match DS 's graphics ) , showing the action from three camera angles . Replays are also available . The bottom screen of the DS is utilized to provide strategic tips and player information . The game sports nine tracks modelled after real-world locations such as Paris and New York City . The game 's 23 cars are licensed from real manufacturers such as Lamborghini , Hummer , Volkswagen , and others , and can be enhanced with over 30 addons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766d61771729377a874ad01dbe3a0f62", "text": "GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 . As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams . The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail . Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced . Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d810276add2ae00f6e8089b7fbc27ae", "text": "Saints Row: The Third downloadable content Downloadable content for Saints Row : The Third was announced before the game 's November 2011 release along with a commitment from publisher THQ to support 40 weeks of content . Among smaller upgrades , three main content packs were released : Genkibowl VII , Gangstas in Space , and The Trouble with Clones . Reviewers found all three packs short -- around an hour in length -- and considered The Trouble with Clones the best of the bunch . Genkibowl VII , released in January 2012 , brought four new activity types to Steelport around a Professor Genki-themed competition . Sad Panda Skyblazing , the only one of the four activities to not modify an existing activity type , was the reviewers ' favorite . Gangstas in Space , released in February , is a three-mission story about a Saints-themed film production starring the player and fighting aliens . The Trouble with Clones , released in March , has the player tracking down and quelling a rampant clone of Saints leader Johnny Gat . Reviewers highly praised its `` Saints Flow '' superpower sequences , and questioned why they could not have been unlocked in the main game afterwards . All download packs offered unlocks upon their completion . The Full Package , a version containing all of the game 's downloadable content on disc alongside the main game , was released in November . Some of the smaller content items include costume , vehicle , and ability unlocks . THQ planned a standalone expansion of the game called Enter the Dominatrix . It was originally announced as an April Fool 's joke , but was confirmed and later spun into Saints Row IV 's downloadable content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49afb540872f3da5a6c3961db60ea57b", "text": "GT Advance Championship Racing GT Advance Championship Racing ( known as Advance GTA in Japan ) is a racing game developed by MTO and published by THQ . It was a launch title for the Game Boy Advance , and was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , and in Europe on June 22 , 2001 . The game 's sequel , GT Advance 2 : Rally Racing , was released on June 30 , 2002 in North America . GT Advance features forty-five Japanese cars and places the player in races on thirty-two tracks . Due to positive reaction to the game in Japan , THQ purchased publishing rights for the North American and European releases to the game after a reported bidding war , and added in a controversial password save system into the game to cut costs . The game was received with mostly positive reviews from critics that praised the game for its fun gameplay , but THQ was criticized by most reviewers for adding passwords to the game when the Japanese version had battery-backed saves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3ca2df5168789a17f1a3a244533ff7b", "text": "The Music of Grand Theft Auto V The Music of Grand Theft Auto V is the soundtrack to the video game Grand Theft Auto V . The soundtrack was released digitally in 2013 in three volumes , including an original score composed for the game in addition to selections from songs that were licensed for the in-game radio . The retail version of the soundtrack was released in 2014 for CD and vinyl . The game is the first in its series to include an original score ; the work was shared between a team of producers who collaborated with each other during the game 's development . Critical reception to the soundtrack was positive , as reviewers considered that the music had been appropriated effectively for gameplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba9c6fe983b5913ac0da8f702046ce4", "text": "Game Developers Choice Award for Game of the Year The Game Developers Choice Award for the Game of the Year , also known as GDCA Game of the Year is the main video game award presented at the Game Developers Conference ( GDC ) , the largest annual gathering of professional video game developers . The conference , usually held in or around March in San Francisco , presents the award as part of the Game Developers Choice Awards ( GDCA ) , a series of awards honoring outstanding achievements in video game design for games released during the previous calendar year . Established in 2001 , the award is considered the most prestigious peer-awarded accolade in the digital games industry , as the winners are selected by votes of game developers themselves . As of the 16th conference held in March 2016 , only three studios -- all of them American -- have won the award more than once : Valve Corporation , for Half-Life 2 ( 2004 ) and Portal ( 2007 ) Bethesda Game Studios , for Fallout 3 ( 2008 ) and The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim ( 2011 ) Naughty Dog , for Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves ( 2009 ) and The Last of Us ( 2013 ) Developers with three or more nominations in the category include Nintendo EAD ( 6 ) , BioWare ( 5 ) , Bethesda Game Studios ( 4 ) , Rockstar North ( 4 ) , Ubisoft Montreal ( 4 ) , FromSoftware ( 3 ) , Lionhead Studios ( 3 ) , and Valve Corporation ( 3 ) . As for video game publishers , the most successful to date is Sony Computer Entertainment with 9 nominations and 4 wins , followed by Nintendo ( 8 nominations and 1 win ) , Electronic Arts ( 7 nominations and 1 win ) and Rockstar Games ( 6 nominations and 1 win ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e176f3f3c277da6483cd85caedcd95", "text": "Grandia is a series of role-playing video games that have been developed by Game Arts throughout the whole series and have been published over the years by ESP Software , Sony Computer Entertainment , Ubisoft , Hudson Soft , Enix , Square Enix and GungHo Online Entertainment . The latest installment is published by GungHo Online Entertainment with the game entitled Grandia Online . Games in the Grandia series have been released for Sega Saturn , PlayStation , Dreamcast , Game Boy Color , PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows . The latest installment was released for Microsoft Windows on July 2009 entitled Grandia Online , its services remained online for three years until they shut down in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35bd872cafded55418ea5dbf412206ac", "text": "Music of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas is an open-world , action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . First released on 26 October 2004 for the PlayStation 2 , San Andreas has an in-game radio that can tune into eleven stations playing more than 150 tracks of licensed music , as well as a talk radio station . The songs featured on the radio stations originated in the early 1990s , the period in which the game is set . The game 's music has been released on two official soundtracks : Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas Official Soundtrack , released in November 2004 , consists of selections from the in-game radio ; and Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas Official Soundtrack Box Set , released in December 2004 , consists of eight volumes comprising highlights from the game 's radio stations . Critical reception to the soundtracks was positive , as reviewers felt that the selected tracks connected appropriately with the gameplay and period .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "906a236b76d380bb209a35d586d2b0e0", "text": "The Incredible Hulk (film) The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures . It is the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film was directed by Louis Leterrier , with a screenplay by Zak Penn. . It stars Edward Norton , Liv Tyler , Tim Roth , Tim Blake Nelson , Ty Burrell , and William Hurt . In The Incredible Hulk , a new backstory is established where Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as an unwitting pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the supersoldier program through gamma radiation . On the run , he attempts to cure himself of the Hulk before he is captured by General Thaddeus Ross , but his worst fears are realized when power-hungry soldier Emil Blonsky becomes a similar , but more bestial creature . After the mixed reception to the 2003 film Hulk , Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character . Leterrier , who had expressed interest in directing Iron Man , was brought onboard and Penn began work on a loose sequel that would be much closer to the comics and the 1978 television series of the same name . In April 2007 , Norton was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn 's screenplay in order to distance itself from the 2003 film and establish its own identity , although he would go uncredited for his writing . Filming mostly took place in Toronto , Ontario , from July to November 2007 . Over 700 visual effects shots were created in post-production using a combination of motion capture and computer-generated imagery to complete the film . The Incredible Hulk premiered on June 8 , 2008 at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City , California and was released in theaters on June 13 , 2008 , receiving generally favorable reviews by critics upon release . Critical praise went to the improved visuals , action sequences , and the portrayal of the title character . The film was number one at the box office , grossing over $ 263 million worldwide . Norton was set to reprise the role of Banner in The Avengers and any other MCU installment featuring the character , but he was ultimately replaced by Mark Ruffalo , who has signed on to portray the character in all potential sequels .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "279b10a100e44bf8bd4b835b271889e5", "text": "The Fourth World War The Fourth World War is a 2003 feature film directed by Richard Rowley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0613cebcd7fd8f22e33f938530f6082", "text": "Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil . The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively . `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . '' - The Colonel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cadde8de076a67bd19e94c2dff757261", "text": "Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers Thor & Loki : Blood Brothers is a four episode motion comic from Marvel Knights Animation released in April 2011 . It is based on the 2004 miniseries Loki by Robert Rodi and Esad Ribic . A DVD containing all four episodes was released on September 13 , 2011 from Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a4897b113bcbb0c3e70b7ae3ba177da", "text": "Feminist Hulk Feminist Hulk ( @feministhulk ) is a parody Twitter account written from the perspective of a feminist incarnation of the Hulk , a Marvel Comics superhero with boundless rage and strength but a limited vocabulary . Feminist Hulk incorporates feminist theory into tweets , notably threatening to smash the patriarchy and gender binary . Blogger Christopher Shea observed that part of the humor `` comes from hearing feminist theory spouted by such a hypermasculine figure . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f70baff569a8022a98a92db2243646a", "text": "Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert . The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e6e518d7c36865beea99ae607e0de7d", "text": "Fantastic Five Fantastic Five is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The team exists in the MC2 Universe , an alternate future to the Marvel Universe . A continuation of the Fantastic Four , the team was originally composed of the Human Torch , his wife Ms. Fantastic/Lyja ( a Skrull ) , the Thing , Big Brain ( Reed Richards ' remote-controlled robotic body ) , and Psi-Lord ( Franklin Richards , Reed 's son ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9928ac692ed7d96b8acb71d75d86d1b", "text": "Thunderbolt (comics) Thunderbolt , in comics . may refer to : Thunderbolt ( Marvel Comics ) , a Daredevil supporting character Thunderbolts ( comics ) , a Marvel Comics team of reformed supervillains Thunderbolt Ross , an Incredible Hulk supporting character Thunderbolt , a genie associated with the DC Comics characters Johnny Thunder and Jakeem Thunder Peter Cannon , Thunderbolt , a Charlton Comics character Thunderbolt Jaxon , a Golden Age British superhero currently being revived in a Wildstorm comic series by Dave Gibbons and John Higgins", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76e21d3c01504faa5099b793d668a386", "text": "Secret War (comics) Secret War is a 2004 -- 2005 five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics . The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and painted by Gabriele Dell ` Otto . It is loosely based on classified operations told to Bendis by an anonymous high-ranking officer in the United States Intelligence Community during Bendis ' childhood . The storyline involves a large-scale super-hero crossover featuring Marvel characters such as Spider-Man , Captain America , Wolverine , Daredevil , Luke Cage and Nick Fury fighting a wide array of super-villains who have received hi-tech armaments from a mysterious benefactor . The first issue was published in April 2004 , and though intended originally as a bimonthly publication , it faced long delays . It was completed with issue five 's publication in December 2005 . The aftermath of the series was explored in stories in The Pulse and Bendis has gone on to use many of the same characters in his New Avengers titles . This event begins an eight-year-long series of cross-over events ending with Avengers vs. X-Men . The storyline in Secret War is unrelated to the original Secret Wars and Secret Wars II crossover limited series which Marvel published in the mid-1980s , although its title is clearly inspired by them . Those stories received their own spiritual successor in Beyond ! , published in 2006 . Bendis has noted that Secret War is connected to the `` Secret Invasion '' storyline , in which Skrulls have infiltrated several institutions of Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12176501e00c5b01d6d384aeaf4f6d53", "text": "Hulk 2099 Hulk 2099 ( John Eisenhart ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by Gerard Jones and Dwayne Turner and first appeared in 2099 Unlimited # 1 . As with many other Marvel 2099 characters , Hulk 2099 was a futuristic re-imagining of the original Hulk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e843454bb5c0f7ee1c0e0d78e6c71015", "text": "Kill Bill Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 . Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c75f70c32ea54b77cbe77e2ae3ad18a", "text": "Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432dfa22330ee8ddb91b195bf4605867", "text": "Ultimate Nick Fury General Nicholas Joseph `` Nick '' Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics ' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury . He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics , appearing first in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up and Ultimate X-Men and later reappearing regularly in Ultimate Spider-Man and finally securing a regular , recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates , a re-imagining of the Avengers . His character was redesigned to look like Samuel L. Jackson , the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0c5892fec0693a1570892b034f4e6f02", "text": "Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) Teen Wolf is an American television series developed by Jeff Davis for MTV . It is loosely based on the 1985 film of the same name , and stars Tyler Posey as a teenager named Scott McCall , who is bitten by a werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him , and Dylan O'Brien as `` Stiles '' Stilinski , Scott 's best friend . The series has received generally positive reviews from critics and is a fan favorite on social media . Teen Wolf premiered on June 5 , 2011 , following the 2011 MTV Movie Awards . On July 9 , 2015 , Teen Wolf was renewed for a sixth season of 20 episodes , which premiered on November 15 , 2016 . On July 21 , 2016 , the cast announced at Comic Con that the sixth season would be the series ' final .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "56b81bb87e8211a14c1df9a563be772e", "text": "Aqua Something You Know Whatever Aqua Something You Know Whatever ( or ASYKW ) is the alternative title given to the ninth season of the animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force . The ninth season originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network 's late night programming block , Adult Swim . This season premiered on June 24 , 2012 with `` Big Bro '' and ended with `` Totem Pole '' on August 26 , 2012 , with a total of ten episodes . The show is about the surreal adventures and antics of three anthropomorphic fast food items : Master Shake , Frylock , and Meatwad , who live together as roommates and frequently interact with their human next-door neighbor , Carl Brutananadilewski in a suburban neighborhood Seattle , New Jersey , a fictional location which is completely identical to their other previous homes seen in past seasons . Episodes in this season were written and directed by Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro . Almost every episode in this season features a special guest appearance , which continues a practice used in past seasons . This season has been released in various forms of home media , including on demand streaming on Hulu Plus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca08c07666069519ce3f6bdc17428b9", "text": "Mad Dogs (U.S. TV series) Mad Dogs is a dark-comic thriller television series available for viewing on Amazon 's Amazon Prime subscription service . It is a partial remake of the British show , also named Mad Dogs , that aired from 2011 to 2013 . The show 's first season consisted of 10 episodes , expanding on the British version 's first season 's four hours of content . It began airing on January 22 , 2016 in the U.S. , U.K. , and Germany , with an early release of the show available in December 2015 . The plot is a `` cocktail of testosterone and bad decision-making '' , focused on the angst of a group of 40-something underachieving American men who become caught in a `` vacation from hell '' . The cast is a unique blend of film actors with mostly episodic television credits to their name , including Billy Zane as a man wealthy from underworld connections who invites his friends for a stay in Belize , Michael Imperioli as an irresponsible but good-hearted former traveling musician , Romany Malco as a family man , and Ben Chaplin ( who starred in the Zane role in the UK version of the show ) as an embittered teacher . The show 's few women actors , including Allison Tolman and María Botto ( reprising her role from the UK series ) , provide contrast to the male leads . Showrunner Cris Cole adapted the show from his own drama in the UK . It was originally under development at the FX network . Cole noted that because the American version is 10 hours to the British version 's first season 's four hours , the last six hours of the American version are `` virgin territory '' and have no comparative to the original . Rights to air the show were sold by Sony Pictures Television for more than 140 countries prior to the initial Amazon airing . In late February 2016 , Amazon announced that it had opted not to renew the series . Although the original intention had been for the show to be a 10 episode limited series , Amazon and the show leadership had broached the idea of a potential second season . During filming of scenes of the pilot episode in Puerto Rico , actor Steve Zahn contracted dengue fever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a8c2cb01d046f57a7f2d3da2d83b609", "text": "The Wolf The Wolf may refer to : In film : The Wolf ( film ) , a 2004 film directed by Miguel Courtois Winston Wolf , a fictional character played by Harvey Keitel in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction In music : The Wolf ( Andrew W.K. album ) The Wolf ( Shooter Jennings album ) `` The Wolf '' ( Mumford & Sons song ) `` The Wolf '' , a song by The Banner from Frailty `` The Wolf '' , a song by Motörhead from Rock 'n' Roll `` The Wolf '' , a song by Fever Ray `` The Wolf '' , a song by Eddie Vedder from Into the Wild `` The Wolf '' , a song by Phildel from The Disappearance of the Girl In literature : The Wolf ( magazine ) , an independent literary magazine based in the UK . In radio :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eefe24f626995afb2efa6b31d0e7365", "text": "List of programs broadcast by TBD TBD is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group . Launched on February 13 , 2017 and aimed at teenagers and young adults ages 16 to 34 , the network focuses on internet-based series and other digital content ( including showcases of user-generated music , animation and comedy videos , eSports , and compiled half-hour and hour-long episodes of short-form web series ) , along with some feature films . The following article is a list of current , upcoming and past programs aired by the network , organized in alphabetical order by title and including the dates of their syndication runs on TBD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67513a3afb1ba61bea3e7a143881ab09", "text": "Law & Order: Trial by Jury Law & Order : Trial by Jury is an American television drama about criminal trials set in New York City . It was the fourth series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . The show 's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused , showing both the prosecution 's and defense 's preparation for trial , as well as the trial itself . The series premiered on Thursday , March 3 , 2005 , and ended on January 21 , 2006 . Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC . The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series ' cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439a58a3f98129599a7e2fcecd747779", "text": "Mythology of Teen Wolf The mythology of the MTV supernatural action drama series Teen Wolf follows a teenager named Scott McCall ( Tyler Posey ) , who is bitten by an Alpha werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him and Dylan O'Brien as `` Stiles '' Stilinski , Scott 's best friend . Most mythological elements in Teen Wolf relate to supernatural creatures and draws heavily from Greek mythology , Norse mythology , Japanese mythology , Aztec mythology , Native American beliefs and Celtic herbalism . The show has created its own unique mythos centered around shapeshifters and their connections to one-another throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad656ecbc363a3a2b381ed9f62bb22d", "text": "Degrassi (franchise) Degrassi is a Canadian drama franchise that follows the lives of a group of teenagers who lived on or near De Grassi Street in Toronto , Ontario . The five main series are The Kids of Degrassi Street , Degrassi Junior High , Degrassi High , Degrassi : The Next Generation and Degrassi : Next Class . The early Degrassi series were produced by the small production company owned by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler , Playing With Time Inc. . The recent version of Degrassi , produced by Epitome Pictures , aired on MTV Canada and on VRAK.TV ( dubbed in French ) in Canada and was simultaneously broadcast on TeenNick ( and in syndication ) in the United States . Degrassi : The Next Generations '' 's eighth season aired on BBC Switch in the United Kingdom . The second incarnation of The Next Generation , Degrassi : Next Class '' , is jointly produced by Netflix and Epitome ( a subsidiary of DHX Media ) . The show began airing in January 2016 on Netflix internationally and on Family ( F2N ) in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14", "text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e94c26f79b4781f2af91e1d6b034d7c", "text": "Sports Night Sports Night is an American television series about a fictional sports news show also called Sports Night . It focuses on the friendships , pitfalls and ethical issues the creative talent of the program face while trying to produce a good show under constant network pressure . Created by Aaron Sorkin , the half-hour prime time comedy-drama aired on ABC for two seasons , from 1998 to 2000 . The show stars Robert Guillaume as managing editor Isaac Jaffe , Felicity Huffman as executive producer Dana Whitaker , Peter Krause as anchor Casey McCall , Josh Charles as anchor Dan Rydell , Sabrina Lloyd as senior associate producer Natalie Hurley and Joshua Malina as associate producer Jeremy Goodwin . Regular guest stars included William H. Macy as ratings expert Sam Donovan and Brenda Strong as Sally Sasser , the producer of West Coast Update ( another show on the same network as Sports Night ) and rival of Dana . Other notable guest stars included Paula Marshall and several who later appeared on Sorkin 's The West Wing including Janel Moloney , Teri Polo , Ted McGinley , Lisa Edelstein , Clark Gregg , Nina Siemaszko , John DeLancie , Timothy Davis-Reed , Cress Williams , Nadia Dajani , and Spencer Garrett . In addition , both Malina and Huffman also appeared in The West Wing . TV Guide ranked it # 10 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0681c2a694ca75977a9654a12a50719", "text": "TeenNick TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group , a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom . The channel features a mix of original programming , Nickelodeon-produced series , and acquired programs geared towards pre-teens and teenagers . The channel was originally known as TEENick from March 4 , 2001 ( when it originally launched as a program block on Nickelodeon ) to February 1 , 2009 , and The N from April 1 , 2002 , ( when it originally launched as a program block on Noggin ( now Nick Jr. ) ) to September 28 , 2009 . TeenNick 's name was taken from the former `` TEENick '' program block , which aired on parent channel Nickelodeon from 2001 to 2009 . As of February 2015 , TeenNick is available to approximately 72.3 million pay television households ( 62.1 % of households with television ) in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f5da7ea2fc10b46bc33f920711a034a", "text": "List of Scream episodes Scream is an American slasher horror television series developed by Jill Blotevogel , Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie for MTV and is based on the slasher film series of the same name created by Kevin Williamson . The series premiered of June 30 , 2015 , following the airing of the second episode of the fifth season of Teen Wolf , to mixed reviews from critics , though it has slowly earned a strong fan base throughout its run . As of October 18 , 2016 , 24 episodes of Scream have aired , concluding the second season . Following the airing of the second season finale , it was announced that a two-hour Halloween special would air on October 18 , 2016 . On October 14 , 2016 , MTV renewed the series for a third season to consist of 6 episodes , which will premiere in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28236cbd09a75733f2286ebcaeb2dbc", "text": "Teen Mom 3 Teen Mom 3 was an American reality television series that premiered on August 26 , 2013 , on MTV and concluded its run on November 18 , 2013 . It chronicles the lives of four girls from the fourth season of 16 and Pregnant as they navigate their first year of motherhood and changing social relationships . The series was announced on February 27 , 2012 , as the third installment of the Teen Mom franchise , coming one day before Teen Mom 2 concluded its second season . In December 2013 , it was revealed by the cast , via Twitter , that Teen Mom 3 had been canceled after one season . In March 2017 , it was announced that cast member Briana DeJesus would join the Teen Mom 2 cast for the eighth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa31bb7cb0f31b958f409274efb38aab", "text": "Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12 , 2007 to January 6 , 2012 on Disney Channel . The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald , and stars Selena Gomez , David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers . Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone , Maria Canals Barrera , and David DeLuise . The series won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 . A film adaptation of the series , Wizards of Waverly Place : The Movie , premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 28 , 2009 . The film adaptation won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy . The farewell season won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise 's total to three Emmy awards . Wizards of Waverly Place ended with 106 episodes over four seasons , surpassing That 's So Raven . Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers ( live and total views on same day ) , which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel 's history . On March 15 , 2013 , The Wizards Return : Alex vs. Alex premiered as a one-hour television special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7cd6b39ad1e714d80bc040ace736f", "text": "Wolf Hall (miniseries) Wolf Hall is a British television serial first broadcast on BBC Two in January 2015 . The six-part series is an adaptation of two of Hilary Mantel 's novels , Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies , a fictionalised biography documenting the rapid rise to power of Thomas Cromwell in the court of Henry VIII through to the death of Sir Thomas More , followed by Cromwell 's success in freeing the king of his marriage to Anne Boleyn . Wolf Hall was first broadcast in April 2015 in the United States on PBS and in Australia on BBC First . The series was a critical success and received eight nominations at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards and three nominations at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards , winning for Best Miniseries or Television Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5f4c487e94021b27a146d4fbd5ba6672", "text": "Wikipedia Wikipedia ( -LSB- wɪkiˈpiːdiə -RSB- ) is a free online encyclopedia with the aim to allow anyone to edit articles . Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet and is ranked among the ten most popular websites . Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation . Wikipedia was launched on January 15 , 2001 , by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger . Sanger coined Wikipedia , a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia . There was only the English language version initially , but it quickly developed similar versions in other languages , which differ in content and in editing practices . With articles , the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias . Overall , Wikipedia consists of more than 40 million articles in more than 250 different languages and , , it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month . As of March 2017 , Wikipedia has about forty thousand high-quality articles known as Featured Articles and Good Articles that cover vital topics . In 2005 , Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia , and found that Wikipedia 's level of accuracy approached Encyclopædia Britannicas . Criticism of Wikipedia includes claims that it exhibits systemic bias , presents a mixture of `` truths , half truths , and some falsehoods '' , and that , in controversial topics , it is subject to manipulation and spin .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e2dc7c70b2bca22b3203f55d834dbc", "text": "Racial bias on Wikipedia Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage , due to an under-representation of people of color within its editor base . The President of Wikimedia D.C. , James Hare , noted that `` a lot of black history is left out '' of Wikipedia , due to articles predominately being written by white editors . Articles that do exist on African topics are , according to some critics , largely edited by editors from Europe and North America and thus reflect their knowledge and consumption of media , which `` tend to perpetuate a negative image '' of Africa . Maira Liriano of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , has argued that the lack of information regarding black history on Wikipedia `` makes it seem like it 's not important . '' Different theories have been provided to explain these racial discrepancies . Jay Cassano , writing for Fast Company magazine , argued that Wikipedia 's small proportion of black editors is a result of the small black presence within the tech sector , and a relative lack of reliable access to the Internet . Katherine Maher , chief communications officer for the Wikimedia Foundation , has argued that focuses in Wikipedia 's content are representative of those of society as a whole . She said that Wikipedia could only represent that which was referenced in secondary sources , which historically have been favourable towards white men . Attempts have been made to rectify racial biases through edit-a-thons , organised events at which Wikipedia editors attempt to improve coverage of certain topics and train new editors . In February 2015 , multiple edit-a-thons were organised to commemorate Black History Month in the United States of America . One such edit-a-thon was organized by the White House to create and improve articles on African Americans in STEM . The Schomburg Center , Howard University , and National Public Radio , also coordinated edit-a-thons to improve coverage of black history . And while Wikipedia supports these edit-a-thons , the organization has always stressed that adequate citation must always be present and neutrality always maintained .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5293803143d020a2d210d9735343bf7c", "text": "WordNet WordNet is a lexical database for the English language . It groups English words into sets of synonyms called synsets , provides short definitions and usage examples , and records a number of relations among these synonym sets or their members . WordNet can thus be seen as a combination of dictionary and thesaurus . While it is accessible to human users via a web browser , its primary use is in automatic text analysis and artificial intelligence applications . The database and software tools have been released under a BSD style license and are freely available for download from the WordNet website . Both the lexicographic data ( lexicographer files ) and the compiler ( called grind ) for producing the distributed database are available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2e9ac8b99ace3011a394bdadd4f47f", "text": "Esri Esri ( -LSB- ˈɛzriː -RSB- , a.k.a. Environmental Systems Research Institute ) is an international supplier of geographic information system ( GIS ) software , web GIS and geodatabase management applications . The company is headquartered in Redlands , California . The company was founded as Environmental Systems Research Institute in 1969 as a land-use consulting firm . Esri products ( particularly ArcGIS Desktop ) have 40.7 % of the global market share . In 2014 , Esri had approximately a 43 percent share of the GIS software market worldwide , more than any other vendor . The company has 10 regional offices in the U.S. and a network of 80 + international distributors , with about a million users in 200 countries . The firm has 3,200 employees in the U.S. , and is still privately held by the founders . In 2006 , revenues were about $ 660 million . In a 2016 Investor 's Business Daily article , Esri 's annual revenues were indicated to be $ 1.1 Billion , from 300,000 customers ( $ 4000/customer/year ) . The company hosts an annual International User 's Conference , which was first held on the Redlands campus in 1981 with 16 attendees . The User 's Conference has been held in San Diego at the San Diego Convention Center since 1997 . An estimated 15,000 users from 131 countries attended in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90d657f2b9f2d3bc45d60a94d9ca72b0", "text": "Wikivoyage Wikivoyage is a free web-based travel guide for travel destinations and travel topics written by volunteer authors . It is a sister project of Wikipedia and supported and hosted by the same non-profit Wikimedia Foundation . Wikivoyage has been called the `` Wikipedia of travel guides '' . The project was started when editors at the German and then Italian versions of Wikitravel decided in September 2006 to move their editing activities and then current content to a new site , in accordance with the site license , a procedure known as `` forking '' . The resulting site went live as `` Wikivoyage '' on December 10 , 2006 and was owned and operated by a German association set up for that purpose , Wikivoyage e.V. ( which continues to be its representative association ) . Content was published under the copyleft license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike . In 2012 , following a lengthy history of dissatisfaction with their existing host , the English-language version community of Wikitravel also decided as a community to fork their project . In a two-way move , the English Wikitravel community re-merged with Wikivoyage under the Wikivoyage brand , and also all Wikivoyage language versions moved their operations to be hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation ( WMF ) , a non-profit organization hosting several of the world 's largest wiki-based communities such as Wikipedia . Following agreements by the various communities involved and the Wikimedia Foundation , the site was moved to the WMF servers in December 2012 and the whole of Wikivoyage was officially re-launched as a Wikimedia project on January 15 , 2013 , the day of the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia 's launch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd44d0c5cc491f569280f7d0fb9dcd80", "text": "Outline of Wikipedia Wikipedia -- a free , web-based , collaborative and multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation . Its more than 20 million articles ( in English ) have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world . Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site , and it has about 100,000 regularly active contributors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a2e634472f37a1bbe90802c5c623759", "text": "Urdu Wikipedia Urdu Wikipedia ( -LSB- ) , started in January 2004 , is the Urdu language edition of Wikipedia , a free , open-content encyclopedia . As of 30 February , 2017 , it had more than 116,100 articles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57cf26ee2042983ba014c954ee092549", "text": "Webometrics The science of webometrics ( also cybermetrics ) tries to measure the World Wide Web to get knowledge about the number and types of hyperlinks , structure of the World Wide Web and usage patterns . According to Björneborn and Ingwersen ( 2004 ) , the definition of webometrics is `` the study of the quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources , structures and technologies on the Web drawing on bibliometric and informetric approaches . '' The term webometrics was first coined by Almind and Ingwersen ( 1997 ) . A second definition of webometrics has also been introduced , `` the study of web-based content with primarily quantitative methods for social science research goals using techniques that are not specific to one field of study '' ( Thelwall , 2009 ) , which emphasizes the development of applied methods for use in the wider social sciences . The purpose of this alternative definition was to help publicize appropriate methods outside of the information science discipline rather than to replace the original definition within information science . Similar scientific fields are Bibliometrics , Informetrics , Scientometrics , Virtual ethnography , and Web mining . One relatively straightforward measure is the `` Web Impact Factor '' ( WIF ) introduced by Ingwersen ( 1998 ) . The WIF measure may be defined as the number of web pages in a web site receiving links from other web sites , divided by the number of web pages published in the site that are accessible to the crawler . However the use of WIF has been disregarded due to the mathematical artifacts derived from power law distributions of these variables . Other similar indicators using size of the institution instead of number of webpages have been proved more useful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce5f4516bd0be17be6c24d0ba9a9d519", "text": "Wiki-PR editing of Wikipedia Wiki-PR is a consulting firm that formerly marketed the ability to edit Wikipedia by '' ... directly edit -LSB- ing -RSB- your page using our network of established Wikipedia editors and admin -LSB- s -RSB- . '' It was then banned , including all of its employees , contractors , and owners , by the Wikipedia community for unethical editing . Despite the ban , the firm still markets its ability to advise clients on how to interact with the Wikipedia community . The company gained media attention in 2013 after a sockpuppet investigation related to the company resulted in more than 250 Wikipedia user accounts being blocked or banned . The Wikimedia Foundation changed its terms of use in the wake of the investigation , requiring anyone paid to edit Wikipedia to openly disclose their affiliations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca06766cdf24706426661e5491090c27", "text": "Moore's law Moore 's law ( -LSB- mɔərz.ˈlɔː -RSB- ) is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years . The observation is named after Gordon Moore , the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel , whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit , and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade . In 1975 , looking forward to the next decade , he revised the forecast to doubling every two years . The period is often quoted as 18 months because of Intel executive David House , who predicted that chip performance would double every 18 months ( being a combination of the effect of more transistors and the transistors being faster ) . Moore 's prediction proved accurate for several decades , and has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development . Advancements in digital electronics are strongly linked to Moore 's law : quality-adjusted microprocessor prices , memory capacity , sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras . Digital electronics has contributed to world economic growth in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries . Moore 's law describes a driving force of technological and social change , productivity , and economic growth . Moore 's law is an observation or projection and not a physical or natural law . Although the rate held steady from 1975 until around 2012 , the rate was faster during the first decade . In general , it is not logically sound to extrapolate from the historical growth rate into the indefinite future . For example , the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors , predicted that growth would slow around 2013 , and in 2015 Gordon Moore foresaw that the rate of progress would reach saturation : `` I see Moore 's law dying here in the next decade or so . '' Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed , starting at the 22 nm feature width around 2012 , and continuing at 14 nm . Brian Krzanich , CEO of Intel , announced that `` our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two . '' This is scheduled to hold through the 10 nm width in late 2017 . He cited Moore 's 1975 revision as a precedent for the current deceleration , which results from technical challenges and is `` a natural part of the history of Moore 's law . '' However , in April 2016 , Intel CEO Brian Krzanich stated that `` In my 34 years in the semiconductor industry , I have witnessed the advertised death of Moore 's Law no less than four times . As we progress from 14 nanometer technology to 10 nanometer and plan for 7 nanometer and 5 nanometer and even beyond , our plans are proof that Moore 's Law is alive and well '' . In January 2017 , he declared that `` I 've heard the death of Moore 's law more times than anything else in my career , '' Krzanich said . `` And I 'm here today to really show you and tell you that Moore 's Law is alive and well and flourishing . '' Today hardware has to be designed in a multi-core manner to keep up with Moore 's law . In turn , this also means that software has to be written in a multi-threaded manner to take full advantage of the hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1f394a7847492d561387e37c2acc54", "text": "Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences The Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences is a specialized fifteen-volume Encyclopedia first published in 1930 and last published in 1967 . It was envisaged in the 1920s by scholars working in disciplines which increasingly were coming to be known as `` Human - '' or `` Social Sciences . '' The goal was to create a comprehensive synthesis of the study of human affairs as undertaken by practitioners of all fields involved in such study . The parameters of what would come to be known as `` Social Science '' were in many ways initially established and defined by this publication . The Encyclopaedia 's founding organizations included the American Anthropological Association , the American Association of Social Workers , the American Economic Association , the American Historical Association , the American Political Science Association , the American Psychological Association , the American Sociological Society , the American Statistical Association , the Association of American Law Schools , and the National Education Association . It was edited by American economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson . Seligman and Johnson solicited contributions from many of the most known and respected scholars in their fields , and established many links with European scholars in the process . The Rockefeller Foundation , Carnegie Foundation , and Russell Sage Foundation provided initial financial support , and Macmillan was selected as publisher . The international network of social scientists developed in the process of creating the Encyclopaedia would prove especially important during the Nazi occupation of Europe , during which many contributing scholars fled persecution for their ideas . Under Johnson 's invitation , several of these scholars would come to New York City and form the `` University in Exile , '' a specialized graduate school now known as the New School for Social Research . The Encyclopaedia was last printed in 1967 , then in its 16th edition . It was succeeded by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , edited by David L. Sills , and also published by MacMillan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a87520651c5602de8b749df7ebd2264", "text": "Japanese Wikipedia The is the Japanese-language edition of Wikipedia , a free , open-content encyclopedia . Started on 11 May 2001 , the edition attained the 200,000 article mark in April 2006 and the 500,000 article mark in June 2008 . As of , it has over articles . In April 2016 , the project had 4,192 active editors who made at least five edits in that month , ranking fourth behind the English , Spanish and Russian editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef9f1569c209cce3fba19c9c6bde459", "text": "Sanskrit Wikipedia Sanskrit Wikipedia ( also known as sawiki ) is the Sanskrit edition of Wikipedia , a free , web-based , collaborative , multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation . Its five thousand articles have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world , with major concentration of contributors in India and Nepal . Founded in December 2003 , it reached five thousand articles by August 2011 . The Sanskrit Wikipedia Community also participated in a project named Tell us about your Wikipedia , and Community news from Sanskrit Wikipedia also came on WikiPatrika , a community-written and community-edited newspaper , covering stories , events and reports related to Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation sister projects in India . As of August 2016 , it has 10,177 articles and is the 132th largest version of Wikipedia . The Times of India considered that `` Sanskrit was making a comeback , thanks to Wikipedia community '' Mother India considered the Sanskrit Wikipedia as a `` wonderful learning tool ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff20ed6e8e6a206f492b9d91f23256a", "text": "Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. . , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion . Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage . The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c756a2c9b3c49bf9aa6a6f2d8803ae", "text": "Gigablast GigaBlast claimed to have indexed over 12 billion web pages , and received billions queries per month , in 2015 . The search engine source code is written in the programming languages C and C++ . It was released as open-source software under the Apache License version 2 , in July 2013 . Gigablast has provided , and provides , search results to other companies , such as Ixquick , Clusty , Zuula , Snap , and Blingo . In 2003 , The New York Times columnist Lee Dembart stated that `` Gigablast has its adherents '' , but opined that Google is `` head and shoulders '' above it , and adds that Google 's search results are more complete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac91420df32255433d40f5e377c81c85", "text": "Encyclopedia of China The Encyclopedia of China is the first large-entry modern encyclopedia in the Chinese language . The compilation began in 1978 . Published by the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House , the encyclopedia was issued one volume at a time , beginning in 1980 with a volume on astronomy ; the final volume was completed in 1993 . It comprised 74 volumes , with more than 80,000 entries . Arranged by subject , which numbered 66 ( some subjects occupy more than one volume ) , within each subject , entries were arranged by pinyin as many modern Chinese dictionaries have been . A Uyghur language edition was also published in 2015 . A CD-ROM version and a subscription-based online version are also available . A second and more concise edition of the work was published in 2009 . The third online edition is going to be released and published in 2018 . More than 20,000 scholars participate in this online encyclopaedia program which started in 2011 and founded by Chinese government , including some experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences . It also is an effort of Chinese governments to prevent the Chinese netizens from being corrupted by the influences of uncontrolled foreign information sources , such as Wikipedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c0a9e0433e69e74ef93cd7314221d6c", "text": "Eighteen Kingdoms The historiographical term `` Eighteen Kingdoms '' refers to the eighteen feudal states created by Xiang Yu in China in 206 BCE , after the collapse of the Qin dynasty . The details of the feudal division are as follows : The Eighteen Kingdoms were short-lived : almost immediately rebellion broke out in Qi , after which Tian Rong conquered Jiaodong and Jibei , reuniting the old Qi state . Meanwhile , Xiang Yu had Emperor Yi of Chu and King Han Cheng of Hán killed . Thereafter , Liu Bang of Hàn conquered the lands of the Three Qins , thereby starting the Chu -- Han Contention . Following many battles and changing alliances , Hàn defeated Chu and subdued all other kingdoms , where Liu Bang appointed vassal kings while making himself the first Emperor of the Hàn Dynasty in 202 BCE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c073853d7a21017ce960768da1c3c9", "text": "TWiki TWiki is a Perl-based structured wiki application , typically used to run a collaboration platform , knowledge or document management system , a knowledge base , or team portal . Users can create wiki pages using the TWiki Markup Language , and developers can extend wiki application functionality with plugins . The TWiki project was founded by Peter Thoeny in 1998 as an open source wiki-based application platform . In October 2008 , the company TWiki.net , created by Thoeny , assumed full control over the TWiki project while much of the developer community forked off to join the Foswiki project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3168e8353154f1d15bd14bbe502498", "text": "Wiki Loves Monuments Wiki Loves Monuments ( WLM ) is an annual international photographic competition held during the month of September , organised worldwide by Wikipedia community members with the help of local Wikimedia affiliates across the globe . Participants take pictures of local historical monuments and heritage sites in their region , and upload them to Wikimedia Commons . The aim of event is to highlight the heritage sites of the participating countries with the goal to encourage people to capture pictures of these monuments , and to put them under a free licence which can then be re-used not only in Wikipedia but everywhere by everyone . The first Wiki Loves Monuments competition was held in 2010 in the Netherlands as pilot project . The next year it spread to other countries in Europe and according to the Guinness Book of Records , the 2011 edition of the Wiki Loves Monuments broke the world record for the largest photography competition . In 2012 , the competition was extended beyond Europe , with a total of 35 participating countries . During Wiki Loves Monuments 2012 , more than 350,000 photographs of historic monuments were uploaded by more than 15,000 participants . In 2013 , the Wiki Loves Monuments competition was held across six continents including Antarctica and had official participation from more than fifty countries around the world . The 2016 edition of WLM was supported by UNESCO which seen 10,700 contestants from 43 countries who submitted 277,000 photos .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "690392acbd9e3fccd35edfeb4d29c7c7", "text": "Katharine Hepburn Katharine Houghton Hepburn ( May 12 , 1907 -- June 29 , 2003 ) was an American actress . Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality , Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years . She appeared in a range of genres , from screwball comedy to literary drama , and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress -- a record for any performer . In 1999 , Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema . Raised in Connecticut by wealthy , progressive parents , Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College . After four years in the theatre , favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood . Her early years in the film industry were marked with success , including an Academy Award for her third picture , Morning Glory ( 1933 ) , but this was followed by a series of commercial failures that led her to be labeled `` box office poison '' in 1938 . Hepburn masterminded her own comeback , buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story , which she sold on the condition that she be the star . In the 1940s , she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy . The screen-partnership spanned 25 years and produced nine movies . Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life , as she regularly appeared in Shakespearean stage productions and tackled a range of literary roles . She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters , such as in The African Queen ( 1951 ) , a persona the public embraced . Three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner ( 1967 ) , The Lion in Winter ( 1968 ) , and On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) . In the 1970s , she began appearing in television films , which became the focus of her career in later life . She remained active into old age , making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87 . After a period of inactivity and ill health , Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96 . Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine and refused to conform to society 's expectations of women . She was outspoken , assertive , athletic , and wore trousers before it was fashionable for women to do so . She married once , as a young woman , but thereafter lived independently . A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public . With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen , Hepburn epitomized the `` modern woman '' in the 20th-century United States and is remembered as an important cultural figure .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8600838df66ed2dbd369ece626df2076", "text": "Hepburn (band) Hepburn were a four-piece British all-girl pop rock band . The band released an album and three singles between 1999 and 2000 , but were best known for their first single , `` I Quit '' , which reached # 8 on the UK charts , and was best known to American audiences when it appeared on the soundtrack to the TV series , Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( although the track never actually appeared in an episode ) . The band was made up of Jamie Benson ( vocals ) , Lisa Lister ( guitar ) , Sarah Davies ( bass ) , Beverley Fullen ( drums ) , Lisa Gordon ( Drums , replacement for Fullen ) , and Tasha Bayliss ( drums , replacement for Gordon ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfa637d6b67157f0ae3a69fd09f1e5a", "text": "Katharine the Great Katharine the Great : Katharine Graham and The Washington Post is an unauthorized biography of Katharine Graham , the newspaper owner , authored by Deborah Davis , and initially released in 1979 . The book was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ( HBJ ) , but they withdrew the book from circulation after a few weeks and returned the rights to Davis after citing that `` certain facts and circumstances have arisen since publication . '' Davis sued HBJ for $ 6 million in 1982 for breach of contract , alleging the recall came after a letter from the Washington Post 's executive editor , Benjamin C. Bradlee to the publisher ; Bradlee called the publication of the book `` completely irresponsible '' and then listed 39 errors where his name appeared . The suit was settled out of court for $ 100,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534c63926df0cbb7b33e986808c6aa7b", "text": "2003 Radio Disney Music Awards The 2003 Radio Disney Music Awards was held at the Radio Disney studios . Hilary Duff was the biggest winner that year . Like the shows before , it was not a ceremony , but a special feature on Radio Disney", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecd87f5e97bdc689a3997fa839d7ed9", "text": "Betty Hutton Betty Hutton ( born Elizabeth June Thornburg ; February 26 , 1921 -- March 12 , 2007 ) was an American stage , film , and television actress , comedian , dancer , and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b624914df32068ca1916525a3666f9", "text": "Audichron Company Audichron Company was a company founded in the 1930s by John Franklin in Doraville , Georgia , to produce the Audichron , a talking clock . By the 1970s , there were thousands of Audichron time-of-day announcers in use all over the world . Audichron had also developed a machine to announce the temperature . During the 1970s and 1980s , Audichron began to manufacture other kinds of equipment besides time and temperature machines . The Audichron sales force found sponsors , such as banks , for its time and temperature machines in a city . Once a sponsor had been obtained , Audichron would lease the machines to the local phone company . An Audichron field service engineer would then visit the telephone company and help install the Audichron equipment in the central office . The phone company would then hook up incoming trunks to the Audichron equipment and would bill the final customer ( e.g. , the bank ) each month for the trunks and the Audichron equipment . Audichron received payments from the telephone company . Audichron hired `` talent '' to come into its recording studio to make recordings . Each customer could choose between a man 's voice and a woman 's on the announcements . During the 1950s , Mary Moore did the female voice . She was replaced , about 1965 , by Jane Barbe , who specialized primarily in time and weather . Pat Fleet joined , in 1981 , with customer-message recordings , coin-amount requests , and out-of-service recordings ; she rarely did time and weather . John Doyle continues to be the only male voice . From the 1980s , the female voices were provided by Barbe and Fleet ; they were joined by Joanne Daniels , who did number-change announcements and who was the `` time lady '' for most of the Western United States . The Audichron Company was acquired in 1989 by Electronic Tele-Communications , a manufacturer of telephone answering machines that was founded in 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4be251114d41374bb92b55f89b5bfb", "text": "Without Love (film) Without Love is a 1942 play by Philip Barry , later made into a 1945 romantic comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn . The film was directed by Harold S. Bucquet from a screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart based on the Barry play . Lucille Ball also stars in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "690baaf1cf3d7fae348f1f75052badc3", "text": "June Travis June Travis ( August 7 , 1914 -- April 14 , 2008 ) was an American film actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4528b7a9c007b582d1a0ebd710a3cf", "text": "4th IIFA Awards The 2003 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 4th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2002 and took place on May 17 , 2003 . The official ceremony took place on April 6 , 2002 , at the Coca-Cola Dome , in Johannesburg . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . In 2003 , IIFA returned to South Africa . This time , the sun-kissed shores of Johannesburg was the destination . For the IIFA Forum , Ramesh Sippy , Smita Thackeray , Kunal Dasgupta , Shyam Shroff and Harish Dayani sat together with moderator Vir Sanghvi and discussed piracy and explored new revenue streams for the industry . The first-ever IIFA Foundation Charity Celebrity Cricket Match was organized at the Centurion Grounds . It was supported by the entire IIFA contingent , consisting of Indian and South African film stars , celebrities , cricketers , government leaders , IIFA 's South African partners and Indian and South African fans . The IIFA Awards ceremony shone bright at the Dome at Northgate . The evening was a stunning showcase of talent and Indian charisma . Hosts Anil Kapoor and Dia Mirza swept the audience with charm . Las Ketchup , Saif Ali Khan , Rani Mukherjee , Shilpa Shetty , Akshay Kumar , Salman Khan and Ajay Jadeja set a scorching pace with their electrifying performances . With the light of a million stars shining down upon it , this edition of the IIFA Awards 2003 closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80", "text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90af048625704e14e05cf1daa9c3d544", "text": "Betty Garde Katharine Elizabeth `` Betty '' Garde ( September 19 , 1905 -- December 25 , 1989 ) was an American stage , radio , film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f1227ab7fa88c887d524df013f26e3", "text": "Susan Johnson (actress) Susan Johnson ( July 6 , 1927 -- February 24 , 2003 ) , also known as Susan Johnson-Kehn , was an American actress and singer . She appeared primarily in musical theatre , but also appeared in films and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e416fbaf2112646085036c63826b864", "text": "A Woman Rebels A Woman Rebels is a 1936 RKO film adapted from the novel Portrait of a Rebel by Netta Syrett and starring Katharine Hepburn as Pamela Thistlewaite , who rebels against the social mores of Victorian England . The film was directed by Mark Sandrich , was the film debut of Van Heflin , and the final film of David Manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3980241649143e514790d259b298765", "text": "Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series . Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards . His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852747ac64d82307a7d6e58b4e363bb7", "text": "List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films . Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space . This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9bf239e46416cabcf70b97f00aa5cbae", "text": "Cosmopolitan (magazine) Cosmopolitan is an international fashion magazine for women . Formerly titled The Cosmopolitan , the magazine was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine ; it was later transformed into a literary magazine and eventually became a women 's magazine in the late 1960s . Often referred to as Cosmo , its content as of 2011 includes articles on women 's issues , relationships , sex , health , careers , self-improvement , celebrities , fashion , and beauty . Published by Hearst Corporation , Cosmopolitan has 64 international editions , is printed in 35 languages , and is distributed in more than 110 countries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5", "text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b16d01d04f46c0d4cf6e28a2a5b34", "text": "European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' . European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental . The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c1789fc28dae338f7b4a0afed8771c3", "text": "IDEA Health and Fitness Association IDEA Health & Fitness Association is a membership association for fitness and wellness professionals . The association 's approximately 22,000 members hail from over 80 countries , with most members living and practicing their craft in North America . Members are personal fitness trainers , group fitness instructors , body-mind-spirit professionals ( yoga , Pilates , etc. ) , and health club facility owners , managers and fitness program directors . IDEA turns out 20 print educational vehicles per year -- including its flagship magazine IDEA Fitness Journal , and the niche newsletters IDEA Trainer Success and IDEA Fitness Manager . Additionally , the association offers two free monthly digital information vehicles that reach approximately 70,000 people 24 times per year : IDEA Fit Tips & News and Inner IDEA Body-Mind-Spirit Review . IDEA runs four live events and trade shows per year : IDEA World Fitness Convention ; Inner IDEA Conference , IDEA Personal Trainer Institute West , and IDEA Personal Trainer Institute East . Cumulatively , an estimated 15,000 people travel to these four conferences from around the globe each year to amass research-based knowledge in their respective fitness and wellness specialty areas . IDEA is known for its company culture , centering it on the health and happiness of their employees . Forbes recently featured the founders of IDEA in an article titled `` Wake up CEOs : You 're about to Lose Your Best Employees '' . IDEA was founded in 1982 by Kathie Davis and Peter Davis to disseminate education and information to fitness industry professionals . They still serve as the company 's Executive Director and CEO , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69a64d47fca93042b06930419dcead2", "text": "Stuff White People Like Stuff White People Like ( sometimes known by the initialism SWPL ) is a blog that takes a satirical aim at the interests of North American `` left-leaning , city-dwelling , white people '' . The blog was created in January 2008 by a white Canadian , Christian Lander , a Los Angeles copywriter who grew up in Toronto and graduated from McGill University in Montreal . Lander co-authored the site with his Filipino Canadian friend Myles Valentin , after Valentin teased Lander for watching the HBO television series The Wire . Lander 's blog became popular very quickly , registering over 300,000 daily hits and over 40 million total hits by the end of September 2008 . Although the blog `` has spurred an outpouring from those who view it as offensive and racist '' , it is not about the interests of all white people , but rather a stereotype of affluent , environmentally and socially conscious , anti-corporate white North Americans , who typically hold a degree in the liberal arts . Lander claims to be lampooning contemporary versions of bohemian/hipster culture , and jokingly refers to other classes and subcultures of white people as `` the wrong kind of white people '' . Despite the site 's satirical edge , Lander regards the people he describes with affection and numbers himself among them , describing himself as `` a self-aware , left-wing person who 's not afraid to recognize the selfishness and contradictions that come on the left . '' The initialism `` SWPL '' has been adopted in some circles as a ( usually pejorative ) shorthand term for the type of people depicted on the blog . A book ( Stuff White People Like : A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions ) was released on July 1 , 2008 . Lander is listed as the sole author of the book , although some of its content comes from the blog posts written by Valentin . The book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for months . Lander was reportedly given a $ 300,000 advance by Random House , the book 's publisher . He released a sequel ( Whiter Shades of Pale : The Stuff White People Like , Coast to Coast from Seattle 's Sweaters to Maine 's Microbrews ) on November 23 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b732bd020a31d85d3432720cb93f645", "text": "Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being . There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods . Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour . Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on . An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fcadbbbc086cb5e3076fd7e4961d35", "text": "Individual development plan An individual development plan , or IDP , is a document completed by individual for the plan of self-development over the next period , usually one year . This plan is then reviewed and discussed by supervision to match the individual goals with company goals . They also discuss various options and approaches to achieve the plan . At the end of one year ( or other time period ) this plan is reviewed to see how many goals are fulfilled and what are the new goals and plans for the next year . Contents of the IDP can vary . Some employees focus on fixing weaknesses . Others focus on playing to their strengths . Some focus on short-term goals and development , other on the long-term . One key component to any good IDP is that the employee feels total ownership of the content . It 's generally regarded a bad practice to write `` what the boss wants to hear '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8c60a05d7dac92c8d85c7fbe9732c7", "text": "Alternative lifestyle An alternative lifestyle is a lifestyle diverse in respect to mainstream ones , or generally perceived to be outside the cultural norm . Lifestyle is a media culture term derived from the concept of style in art . Usually , but not always , it implies an affinity or identification within some matching subculture ( e.g. hippies , goths and punks ) . Some people with alternative lifestyles mix elements from various subcultures ( grunge musicians were often influenced by a mixture of the punk , hippie , emo and heavy metal subcultures ) . Not all minority lifestyles are held to be `` alternative '' , so the term tends to apply to newer forms of lifestyle , often based upon enlarged freedoms ( especially in the sphere of social styles ) , or a decision to substitute another approach , or to not follow the usual expected path in most societies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2164a4b03e0dc3cbcac9451adc6e9e9c", "text": "Workplace wellness Workplace wellness is any workplace health promotion activity or organizational policy designed to support healthy behavior in the workplace and to improve health outcomes . Known as ` corporate wellbeing ' outside the US , workplace wellness often comprises activities such as health education , medical screenings , weight management programs , on-site fitness programs or facilities . These programs can be classified as primary , secondary , or tertiary health programs , depending on the goal of the specific program . Primary prevention programs usually target a fairly healthy employee population , and encourage them to more frequently engage in health behaviors that will encourage ongoing good health . Example of primary prevention programs include stress management , and exercise and healthy eating promotion . Secondary prevention programs are targeted at reducing behavior that is considered a risk factor for poor health . Examples of such programs include smoking cessation programs and screenings for high blood pressure or other cardiovascular disease related risk factors . Tertiary health programs address existing health problems , and aim to help control or reduce symptoms , or to help slow the progression of a disease or condition . Such programs might encourage employees to better adhere to specific medication or self-managed care guidelines . Workplace wellness programs can be categorized as primary , secondary , or tertiary prevention efforts , or an employer can implement programs that have elements of multiple types of prevention . The lifestyles of people in the workforce are important both for the sake of their own health and for the sake of their employer 's productivity . Companies often subsidize these programs in the hope that they will save companies money in the long run by improving health , morale and productivity , although there is some controversy about evidence for the levels of return on investment . Other examples of workplace wellness organizational policies include allowing flex-time for exercise , providing on-site kitchen and eating areas , offering healthy food options in vending machines , holding `` walk and talk '' meetings , and offering financial and other incentives for participation . In recent years , workplace wellness has been expanded from single health promotion interventions to create a more overall healthy environment including , for example standards of building and interior design to promote physical activity . This expansion is largely been in part to creating greater access and leadership support from leaders in the participating companies . The following information comes from the Kaiser Family Foundation Summary of Findings from 2016 in order to provide current information about employer-sponsored health benefits , the Kaiser Family Foundation ( Kaiser ) and the Health Research & Educational Trust ( HRET ) conduct an annual survey of private and nonfederal public employers with three or more workers . Many employers offer wellness or health promotion programs to help employees improve their health and avoid unhealthy behaviors . Both small and large firms offer a program in at least one of these areas : smoking cessation ; weight management ; behavioral or lifestyle coaching . 46 % of small firms and 83 % of large firms offer these . 3 % percent of small firms and 16 % of large firms reported collecting health information from employees through wearable devices like a Fitbit or Apple Watch . 42 % of large firms with one of these health and wellness programs offered employees a financial incentive to participate in or complete the program . Among most large firms with an incentive for completing wellness programs , incentives include : lower premium contributions or cost sharing ( 34 % of firms ) ; cash , contributions to health-related savings accounts , or merchandise ( 76 % of firms ) ; some other type of incentive ( 14 % of firms ) . Some firms separate financial incentives for different programs and some others have incentives that require participation in more than one type of program ( e.g. , completing an assessment and participating in a health promotion activity ) . There are various types of Wellness Programs offered in firms . Biometric screening programs can help identify cardiovascular risk factors in clients . Larger firms or businesses tend to facilitate more incidences of biometric screening programs . This can be in part to the amount of leadership support that is encouraged by company leaders and then received by employees", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22e96fb48434a73e80d38e81f16bd70", "text": "Well-being Well-being , wellbeing , welfare or wellness is a general term for the condition of an individual or group , for example their social , economic , psychological , spiritual or medical state ; a high level of well-being means in some sense the individual or group 's condition is positive , while low well-being is associated with negative happenings . In philosophy , the term ` well-being ' ( and ` welfare ' , ` utility ' , etc. ) refers to the manner in which an individual 's life manifests desires , objectives , and needs -- among myriad more diverse variables -- and how these affect the individual 's perspective . Philosophers , such as Fred Feldman and Brad Hooker , have suggested we should think of well-being in terms of a parent 's expectations for a child ( aka ` crib test ' ) . Philosophical study of well-being identifies a number of different kinds of theory , such as : hedonism , desire-fulfillment theory , objective-list theory , perfectionism , and some ` mixed ' or ` hybrid ' views of well-being . Well-being features in normative ethical theories , most notably utilitarianism ; one need not be a utilitarian , or a consequentialist , more generally , to think that well-being is a moral matter . Any plausible ethical theory will give at least some role to well-being . In economics , the term is used for one or more quantitative measures intended to assess the quality of life of a group , for example , in the capabilities approach and the economics of happiness . As with the related cognate terms ` wealth ' and ` welfare ' , economics sources often contrast the state with its opposite . The study of well-being is divided into subjective well-being and objective well-being .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d78bdfade2f8a203a0e24548a0f7f3e", "text": "Fitness culture Fitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon which refers to the culture surrounding physical exercises . It is usually associated with gym culture , as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms , wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity . An international survey found that more than 27 % of world total adult population attends fitness centres , and that 61 % of regular exercisers are currently doing `` gym-type '' activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d979c23f22cf19f86f0dec708e071dc9", "text": "Person-centered ethnography Person-centered ethnography is an approach within psychological anthropology that draws on techniques and theories from psychiatry and psychoanalysis to understand how individuals relate to and interact with their sociocultural context . The term was first used by Robert I. Levy , a psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist , to describe his psychodynamically informed approach to interviewing during his anthropological fieldwork in Tahiti and Nepal . A key distinction in person-centered interviewing is that between interviewees as informants and as respondents . As Levy and Hollan describe it , There is a significant difference between asking a Tahitian interviewee something like `` Please describe for me exactly how and why supercision ( a penis-mutilating rite of passage ) is done by Tahitians , '' and asking him `` Can you tell me about your supercision ? '' ... `` Did it change your life in any way ? '' `` How ? '' `` What did you think and feel about it then ? '' `` What do you think and feel about it now ? '' The first question engages interviewees as typical ethnographic informants , asking them to describe features of their culture or social system ; the latter questions ask much more directly about their own experiences , feelings , hopes , and desires , as well as changes in these over time . Not surprisingly , asking about these more intimate topics generally requires much longer acquaintance with an interviewee than do questions about more publicly available knowledge . Levy and Hollan note that person-centered interviewing makes use of both modes and tacks back and forth between them ; its difference from most methods of ethnographic interviewing lies in its emphasis on the latter and its concern with understanding how individuals relate to , experience , and understand their larger sociocultural context . Within these , major topics of interest typically include : the experience of the self , morality , the body , illness and healing , emotions , and family relationships . Methodologically , person-centered interviewing also depends on a fair degree of experience in self-monitoring for transference and countertransference phenomena , as well as attention to elisions , avoidances , and gaps in an interviewees ' answers and attention to interviewees ' emotional reactions during and outside the formal interview setting . Person-centered interviewing comes out of a psychodynamically informed tradition within Culture and Personality studies and American psychological anthropology and shares a number of methodological and thematic concerns with clinical ethnography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48d2e3ceec273f915aa8ab80c53dae3", "text": "Motivational interviewing Motivational interviewing ( MI ) refers to a counseling approach in part developed by clinical psychologists William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick . The concept of motivational interviewing evolved from experience in the treatment of problem drinkers , and was first described by Miller ( 1983 ) in an article published in Behavioural Psychotherapy . These fundamental concepts and approaches were later elaborated by Miller and Rollnick ( 1991 ) in a more detailed description of clinical procedures . MI is a goal-oriented , client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence . Compared with non-directive counseling , it 's more focused and goal-directed . It departs from traditional Rogerian client-centered therapy through this use of direction , in which therapists attempt to influence clients to consider making changes , rather than non-directively explore themselves . The examination and resolution of ambivalence is a central purpose , and the counselor is intentionally directive in pursuing this goal . MI recognizes and accepts the fact that clients who need to make changes in their lives approach counseling at different levels of readiness to change their behavior . During counseling , some clients may have thought about making a behavior change , but may not yet have taken steps to make that change themselves . Alternatively , other clients may be actively trying to change their behavior and may have been doing so unsuccessfully for years . In order for a therapist to be successful at motivational interviewing , four basic interaction skills should first be established . These skills include : the ability to ask open-ended questions , the ability to provide affirmations , the capacity for reflective listening , and the ability to periodically provide summary statements to the client . These skills are used strategically , while focusing on a variety of topics , such as looking back , reflecting on a typical day , the importance of change , looking forward , and examining one 's confidence about behavior changes . Motivational interviewing is non-judgmental , non-confrontational and non-adversarial . The approach attempts to increase the client 's awareness of the potential problems caused , consequences experienced , and risks faced as a result of the behavior in question . Alternatively , or in addition , therapists may help clients envision a better future , and become increasingly motivated to achieve it . Either way , the strategy seeks to help clients think differently about their behavior and ultimately to consider what might be gained through change . Motivational interviewing focuses on the present , and entails working with a client to access motivation to change a particular behavior that is not consistent with a client 's personal value or goal . Warmth , genuine empathy , and acceptance are necessary to foster therapeutic gain ( Rogers , 1961 ) within motivational interviewing . Another central concept is that ambivalence about decisions is resolved by conscious and unconscious weighing of pros and cons of change vs. not changing ( Ajzen , 1980 ) . The main goals of motivational interviewing are to engage clients , elicit change talk , and evoke motivation to make positive changes from the client . For example , change talk can be elicited by asking the client questions , such as `` How might you like things to be different ? '' or `` How does ______ interfere with things that you would like to do ? '' Change may occur quickly or may take considerable time , and the pace of change will vary from client to client . Knowledge alone is usually not sufficient to motivate change within a client , and challenges in maintaining change should be thought of as the rule , not the exception . Ultimately , practitioners must recognize that motivational interviewing involves collaboration not confrontation , evocation not education , autonomy rather than authority , and exploration instead of explanation . Effective processes for positive change focus on goals that are small , important to the client , specific , realistic , and oriented in the present and/or future . While there are as many variations in technique as there are clinical encounters , the spirit of the method , however , is more enduring and can be characterized in a few key points : Motivation to change is elicited from the client , and is not imposed from outside forces . It is the client 's task , not the counselor 's , to articulate and resolve the client 's ambivalence . Direct persuasion is not an effective method for resolving ambivalence . The counseling style is generally quiet and elicits information from the client . The counselor is directive , in that they help the client to examine and resolve ambivalence . Readiness to change is not a trait of the client , but a fluctuating result of interpersonal interaction . The therapeutic relationship resembles a partnership or companionship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a796e5942bae8a4ddc578ea3c2759ba", "text": "GO (American magazine) GO ( previously GO NYC ) , is a `` cultural roadmap for the city girl , '' and is the nation 's most widely distributed , free , lesbian magazine . Based out of New York City , GO distributes 30,000 copies in 10 major cities , and receives 250,000 unique web hits monthly . The publication offers information on nightlife , arts & entertainment , news & current events , lifestyle , travel , advice , and celebrity Q&A s. GO was founded in 2001 by publisher Amy Lesser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c407ec36b5af102775973cadfadd5a5", "text": "100 Things Successful People Do 100 Things Successful People Do : Little Exercises for Successful Living is a self-help guide by Nigel Cumberland , his eighth book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bb6fa89fc71878b921de7fe8166859", "text": "An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge . It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader . The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles : `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . '' The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture . Category : Encyclopedias of history Category : English-language encyclopedias Category :1931 books Category : British encyclopedias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b1e6306b5a4554bc1dd3df2d5a54270", "text": "Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations . While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public . Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation . Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38f3d50719c8c827596c25923349af5", "text": "Healthy Lifestyles for High School Students Health and fitness are dominating western culture , and while adults are able to communicate with or hire trained professionals to assist in their journeys to overall health , many teenagers and students do not have access to the resources necessary to answer any questions they may have , or point them in the right direction when starting on their road to fitness . This Wikipedia page aims to teach all those who read it how to create and maintain a healthy lifestyle , regardless of your financial status , schedule , or location . Highlights : What is a Healthy Diet ? Establishing Goals Creating a Diet/Exercise Plan Maintaining a Healthy Diet Finding Time to Exercise Measuring Progress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78ea6dd9287f24c0855296115377c03b", "text": "Ecological self Ecological self is central to the school of Experiential Deep Ecology , which , based on the work of Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss , argues that through the process of self-actualisation , one transcends the nations of the individuated `` egoic '' self and arrives at a position of an ecological self . So long as one is working within the narrower concept of self , Næss argues , environmentally responsible behaviour is a form of altruism , a `` doing good for the other '' , which historically has been a precarious ethical basis , usually involved in exhorting others to `` be good '' . Næss argues that in his Ecosophy , the enlargement of the ego-self to the eco-self results in environmentally responsible behaviour as a form of self-interest . Warwick Fox argued that Næss 's philosophy was based upon a variety of `` transpersonal ecology '' in which self-interest was firmly embedded within the interest of the ecommunity ecosphere of which the self was eternally embedded As deep ecologist John Seed has stated , `` Deep ecology critiques the idea that we are the crown of creation , the measure of all being : that the world is a pyramid with humanity rightly on top , merely a resource , and that nature has instrumental value only '' . The concept of the Ecological Self goes beyond anthropocentrism , which , by contrast locates human concerns as the exclusive source of all value . It draws upon the Land Ethic of Aldo Leopold . Leopold argued that within conventional ethics , the land itself was considered only as property , occupying a role analogous to slavery in earlier societies that permitted the ownership of people . By comparison a land ethic enlarges the boundary of moral concern to include `` soils , waters , plants , and animals , or collectively : the land '' . The basis of such a non-anthropocentric ethic , according to Leopold was that `` A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity , stability , and beauty of the biotic community . It is wrong when it tends otherwise . '' Like Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme , ecological philosopher Freya Mathews argues that in considering the ecological self , we need to look beyond the present to the `` deep time '' of ages past , in the evolution of life and the creation of the cosmos , in order to consider the real roots of human consciousness . Experiential deep ecologist Joanna Macy speaks of the Ecological Self in her book `` World as Lover , World as Self '' , and uses the concept in her work on `` Deep Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1136490a32eda332edc61dfb317313", "text": "BetterSex BetterSex.com is an online distributor of sexual health products for adults who want to improve the quality of intimacy and sex in their relationship . The company was founded in 1991 with headquarters located in Hillsborough , NC . BetterSex.com launched its first website in 1997 . Over 3,000,000 unique visitors viewed almost 30,000,000 sexual health and information pages there in 2007 . The Better Sex Video Series , launched in 1991 , was the first commercially available and widely advertised adult sex education video to feature real couples and sexuality experts providing guidance about open communication between partners , overcoming sexual inhibitions and correcting misconceptions about better sex . The Better Sex Video series has sold more than four million videos in over 30 countries . Since 1991 BetterSex.com has developed a library of videos and products covering a range of topics from advanced sexual positions to erectile dysfunction solutions . BetterSex.com was the creator of the Better Sex Video Series which offers adult sex education help to individuals in their home . The Better Sex Videos feature commentary by sex education experts followed by explicit illustrations by couples who demonstrate key elements , skills and techniques . In 1993 , the company formed the Advisory Council composed of sex educators , therapists , and researchers . The Advisory Panel includes Dr. Linda Banner ( licensed sex therapist specializing in marriage and relationship counseling , Lori Buckley , Psy . D. ( licensed clinical psychologist ) , Dr. Eli Coleman ( Director of the Department of Family Practice and Community health at the University of Minnesota Medical School , Clive Davis , Ph.D. ( researcher and board member for a number of psychology associations ) , Marian Dunn , Ph.D. ( director for the Center for Human Sexuality , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , and Eusebio Rubio-Aurioles , M.D. , Ph.D. ( licensed sex therapist and professor of sexual medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46813e8651d72c5e189b1343e6fed3d8", "text": "H&E naturist H&E naturist ( originally Health and Efficiency ) is a 92-page monthly commercial magazine focusing on the naturist and nudist lifestyle , through articles on travel , health and culture , as well as various features on arts and books with a naked theme . This content and focus has sometimes caused it to be accused of appealing to consumers of pornography , although sexual nudity is absent from its pages .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e1265a59f4e3b3a767d793be612d09d3", "text": "Jorah Mormont Jorah Mormont , nicknamed Jorah the Andal , is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Jorah is the only son of Jeor Mormont , the honorable lord commander of the Nights Watch of the kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) . Jorah is portrayed by Iain Glen in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea4c519aa43f008e736c4f28ac973900", "text": "Big Little Lies (miniseries) Big Little Lies is an American black comedy-drama HBO miniseries created and written by David E. Kelley , based on the novel of the same name by Liane Moriarty . The series began filming in January 2016 . The miniseries consists of seven episodes , all directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . It premiered on February 19 , 2017 and concluded on April 2 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6d6cf878467d984f801c81341d6d75", "text": "Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet Joseph Smith : The Making of a Prophet is a biography of the formative years of the founder of Mormonism written by Dan Vogel . The book covers the period of Smith 's life up until 1831 . Vogel casts Smith in the role of a magician , who perhaps believes in his own ability to perform magic while using fraud to support his position : a charlatan that came to believe that he was called of God . The author assumes Smith to be the author of the Book of Mormon and takes the position that the book may be used as a `` primary source document '' that represents a reflection of Smith 's own life . Events portrayed in the Book of Mormon are compared to specific events in Smith 's life to illustrate similarities and to deduce Smith 's thoughts and aspirations during these periods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7d1a8ae9e5f95e984cef365df3cc934", "text": "Sharpe's Rifles (TV programme) Sharpe 's Rifles is the first of the Sharpe television dramas , based on the Bernard Cornwell novel of the same name . Shown on ITV in 1993 , the adaptation stars Sean Bean , Daragh O'Malley and Assumpta Serna . It began a long series of successful and critically acclaimed television adaptations of the novels . The drama tells the story of Richard Sharpe , an ambitious and hardened soldier from Yorkshire . The story follows the exploits of Sharpe and his band of chosen men through Spain after they survive an ambush by French cavalry . Filming took place in the Crimea , Portugal and England , during which Paul McGann who was the original actor cast for the role of Richard Sharpe , broke his leg playing football and was quickly replaced with Sean Bean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "557a9ae9b28ecf2fa4111a32ae79f24e", "text": "Throne of Glass Throne of Glass is a young adult high fantasy novel series by American author Sarah J. Maas , beginning with the inaugural entry of the same name . The story follows the journey of Celaena Sardothien , a teenage assassin in a corrupted kingdom with a tyrannical ruler . As the tale progresses , Celaena forms unexpected bonds and uncovers a conspiracy amidst her adventures . The series has appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list . It has been optioned for a TV series by Mark Gordon and will premiere on Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73a224d8978e0af559bcbc06d52246b9", "text": "Book of Jacob The Book of Jacob is the third book of the Book of Mormon . Its full title is The Book of Jacob : The Brother of Nephi . According to the text , it was written by the ancient prophet Jacob . The purpose of the book , in his own words , is to persuade all men to `` come unto Christ '' ( Jacob 1:7 ) . While this book contains some history of the Nephites , including the death of Nephi , it is mainly a record of Jacob 's preachings to his people . Chapter 5 contains The Parable of the Olive Tree , a lengthy allegory of the scattering and gathering of Israel , comparing the Israelites and gentiles to tame and wild olive trees , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fefbf0f303e64c09ff58bec68d4998d", "text": "Sean Teale Sean James Teale ( born 18 June 1992 ) is an English actor , best known for his role of Prince Condé in the CW series Reign . He also featured as Nick Levan in the E4 teen drama Skins . He plays the lead role of Ben Larson in the Syfy series Incorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187c4140abf5905d0515b92e5d37b6b2", "text": "Camelot (TV series) Camelot is a 2011 historical-fantasy-drama television series which premiered on 1 April 2011 . It was co-produced by the Starz cable network and GK-TV which began production during the summer of 2010 . The series , based on the Arthurian legend , was produced by Graham King , Morgan O'Sullivan and Michael Hirst . A special preview showing of the pilot episode `` Homecoming '' was aired on Starz Friday night , 25 February 2011 . On 30 June 2011 Starz announced it was not going to order new seasons of Camelot , citing significant production challenges , predominantly scheduling conflicts with some members of the cast , including Joseph Fiennes , Jamie Campbell Bower and Eva Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78a9015f50d6184d9424cde4ca292f", "text": "The Sinner (TV series) The Sinner is an upcoming American drama television series based on the novel of the same name by Petra Hammesfahr . The series was ordered on January 17 , 2017 . The 8-episode close-ended series is scheduled to premiere on August 2 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "293de56778e0d03f4388e3e059411301", "text": "Joey Jeremiah Joseph `` Joey '' Jeremiah is a fictional character from the Degrassi series portrayed by Pat Mastroianni . His first appearance in the series was as a grade 8 student on Degrassi Junior High . Since his first appearance up to Degrassi High , he has been the main focus character and arguably the most popular among the viewers . On Degrassi : The Next Generation , he is a recurring character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ca52ef60212a91ea629db5d07df0f5", "text": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt ( -LSB- ˈlɛvᵻt -RSB- born February 17 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . As a child actor , he appeared in the films A River Runs Through It , Angels in the Outfield and 10 Things I Hate About You , and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series 3rd Rock from the Sun . He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University , but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again . He has since starred in 500 Days of Summer , Inception , Hesher , 50/50 , Premium Rush , The Dark Knight Rises , Brick , Looper , The Lookout , Manic , Lincoln , Mysterious Skin and G.I. Joe : The Rise of Cobra . He starred as Philippe Petit in the Robert Zemeckis-directed film The Walk ( 2015 ) , and as Edward Snowden in the Oliver Stone film Snowden ( 2016 ) . He also founded the online production company hitRECord in 2004 and has hosted his own TV series , HitRecord on TV , since January 2014 . In 2013 , Gordon-Levitt made his feature film directing and screenwriting debut with Don Jon , a comedy film in which he also stars . He previously directed and edited two short films , both of which were released in 2010 : Morgan M. Morgansen 's Date with Destiny and Morgan and Destiny 's Eleventeenth Date : The Zeppelin Zoo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f9336d2b4cbe99382da0a1305d58c1d", "text": "Against the Wind (miniseries) Against the Wind is a 1978 Australian television mini-series . It is a historical drama portraying both the British rule of Ireland , and the development of New South Wales and Australia . Jon English won the Logie Award in 1979 for `` Best New Talent '' for his role in the miniseries as `` Jonathan Garrett '' . It was the first major Australian TV production to be broadcast in the United States . A soundtrack was also released , topping the charts in Norway and reaching the top 10 in Australia and Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784b1a5e88f75c4caebe3fb6cb9c3f6d", "text": "The Expanse (TV series) The Expanse is an American science fiction television series on Syfy , developed by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby , based on the series of novels by Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck ( writing under the pseudonym James S. A. Corey ) . Set in a future where humanity has colonized the Solar System , it follows United Nations executive Chrisjen Avasarala ( Shohreh Aghdashloo ) , police detective Josephus Miller ( Thomas Jane ) , and ship 's officer Jim Holden ( Steven Strait ) and his crew as they unravel a conspiracy that threatens peace in the system and the survival of humanity . The series premiered on demand on November 23 , 2015 , and on Syfy on December 14 , 2015 . A 13-episode second season premiered on February 1 , 2017 . In March 2017 , Syfy renewed The Expanse for a 13-episode third season to air in 2018 . The series received positive reviews from critics , who highlighted its beautiful visuals , well-developed characters , and thrilling political narrative . It has received Saturn Award and Hugo Award nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f50937d78a11c71841f857b50bca1c5", "text": "Kenny Wangler Kenny `` Bricks '' Wangler is a fictional character in the HBO drama Oz , played by actor J.D. Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c2cafb9d22d203f1640d58cc7f6f9b4", "text": "HBO Now HBO Now is an over-the-top subscription video on demand service operated by American premium cable and satellite television network HBO . Officially unveiled on March 9 and launched on April 7 , 2015 the service allows subscribers on-demand access to HBO 's library of original programs , films and other content on personal computers , smartphones , tablet devices and digital media players . Unlike HBO Go , HBO 's online video on demand service for existing subscribers of the linear television channel , HBO Now is available as a standalone service and does not require a television subscription to use , targeting cord cutters who use competing services such as Netflix and Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9644aee915a6d96e76d4acec602f536f", "text": "Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aedd576583772437ba03cad319aec8e9", "text": "The American Side The American Side is a 2016 film starring Greg Stuhr and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e989bc91af6abf5caff5f49730fa1566", "text": "Bamboo Gods and Iron Men Bamboo Gods and Iron Men is a martial arts comedy set in the Philippines . It is considered a blaxploitation film . It was produced by American International Pictures . It also featured Filipino actors , Chiquito , Vic Diaz , and Eddie Garcia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b98150c080c9b9522452a6b4f1b1be", "text": "American Soldiers American Soldiers is a 2005 film directed by Sidney J. Furie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f7561776a4c7b52029a05d929e603d", "text": "The Gods Themselves The Gods Themselves is a 1972 science fiction novel written by Isaac Asimov . It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1972 , and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1973 . The book is divided into three main parts , originally published in Galaxy Magazine and Worlds of If as three consecutive stories . The book opens at chapter 6 , segments of which appear between chapters as the narrative proceeds through chapters 1 to 5 . In effect , chapters 1 to 5 are flashbacks in the narrative of chapter 6 , giving the history leading up to the present time of chapter 6 . Chapter 6 then concludes , and the story proceeds with chapter 7 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66b7d0ac2ba1c69e151792742cc51c0", "text": "List of American films of 1999 A list of American films released in 1999 . American Beauty won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f7437cb59b8acafe7b352d27679ce9", "text": "Clash of the Titans (franchise) Clash of the Titans is a British -- American fantasy action media franchise based on characters and myths of Ancient Greek mythology . The first film , Clash of the Titans , was released in 1981 with a remake made in 2010 . The remake spawned a sequel , Wrath of the Titans , in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "313b47456bd88ce09a558ebcc5a998c1", "text": "The Council of the Gods Der Rat der Götter ( The Council of the Gods ) is an East German black-and-white film , directed by Kurt Maetzig . It was released in 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db4bf03cf58b84d730933b98850b1555", "text": "Oh, God! Oh , God ! is a 1977 American Technicolor comedy film starring George Burns and John Denver . Based on a novel of the same name by Avery Corman , the film was directed by Carl Reiner from a screenplay written by Larry Gelbart . The story centres on unassuming supermarket manager Jerry Landers ( Denver ) , chosen by God ( Burns ) to spread his message despite the skepticism of the media , religious authorities , and Landers ' own wife ( Teri Garr ) . The film inspired two sequels , Oh , God ! Book II ( 1980 ) and Oh , God ! You Devil ( 1984 ) , both of which featured Burns reprising his role , but with no other recurring characters from the original story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "806271e02acbf98510899a74759a2090", "text": "Gods and Generals (novel) Gods and Generals is a novel which serves as a prequel to Michael Shaara 's 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning work about the Battle of Gettysburg , The Killer Angels . Written by Jeffrey Shaara after his father Michael 's death in 1988 , the novel relates events from 1858 through 1863 during the American Civil War , ending just as the two armies march toward Gettysburg . Since 1988 , Jeff Shaara has written The Last Full Measure , which follows the events presented in The Killer Angels . In 2003 Gods and Generals was made into a film directed by Ronald F. Maxwell and starring Robert Duvall and Jeff Daniels . The film shares most of its cast with Gettysburg , the film adaptation of The Killer Angels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d91d04342583eb37d8b76b2128ddb37f", "text": "The Americano (1916 film) The Americano is a 1916 American silent adventure/romantic comedy film directed by John Emerson and stars Douglas Fairbanks in his last production for Triangle Film Corporation . Based on the novel Blaze Derringer , by Eugene P. Lyle , Jr. , the scenario was written by John Emerson and Anita Loos who also wrote the film 's intertitles . The film was re-released by S.A. Lynch Enterprises on August 21 , 1923 . Three 16mm prints and one 8mm print of the film still exists . Set in a fictional South American country of Paragonia , it has been described as one of a group of films that supported United States imperialism by providing support to the idea of manifest destiny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "718f5c83186cd503574aca91b4367187", "text": "Ah! My Goddess: The Movie is a 2000 Japanese animated film directed by Hiroaki Gōda , written by Michiko Yokote and Yoshihiko Tomizawa , animated by AIC and co-produced by Kodansha , Dentsu , Sega Enterprises , Pony Canyon , Nippon Shupan Hanbai , AIC , MOVIC and Shochiku , based on the manga of the same name by Kōsuke Fujishima . The film 's theatrical release took place on October 21 , 2000 . It was also distributed by Shochiku in Japan . The film was licensed by Geneon Entertainment in the North America , MVM Films in the United Kingdom , and Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b070ac9fd5dc8de584a17857b876f5b3", "text": "Antarctica Antarctica ( UK English -LSB- ænˈtɑːktɪkə -RSB- or -LSB- ænˈtɑːtɪkə -RSB- , US English -LSB- æntˈɑːrktɪkə -RSB- ) is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14000000 km2 , it is the fifth-largest continent . For comparison , Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia . About 98 % of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Antarctica is a desert , with annual precipitation of only 200 mm ( 8 in ) along the coast and far less inland . The temperature in Antarctica has reached − 89.2 ° C ( − 128.6 ° F ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is − 63 ° C ( − 81 ° F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ( `` Southern Land '' ) date back to antiquity , Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered and colonised by humans , being only first sighted in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny , who sighted the Fimbul ice shelf . The continent , however , remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment , lack of easily accessible resources , and isolation . In 1895 , the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians . Antarctica is a de facto condominium , governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status . Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 , and thirty-eight have signed it since then . The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining , prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal , supports scientific research , and protects the continent 's ecozone . Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "38d9778c41a7f4d91181c283189504d5", "text": "List of countries by easternmost point This is a list of countries by easternmost point on land ( dependent territories included ) . A selection of dependent territories are listed in italics and are not ranked . The order does not always reflect the proximity of the country 's territory to the 180th meridian . In such a case there would be three both the very westernmost and the very easternmost countries or territories , Russia , Fiji , and Antarctica , as the Start Meridian passes through them on land . Instead for the number of countries , namely Russia , New Zealand , Fiji , the United States , and Kiribati , which have territory on both sides of the 180th meridian , the given easternmost point of the country is the easternmost point in the direction of travel . The United States and Kiribati have most of their territory east of the 180th meridian , in the Western Hemisphere , so they are considered to belong to the westernmost countries with their territory stretching as far to the west as beyond the 180th meridian into the Eastern Hemisphere . Conversely , Russia , New Zealand , and Fiji have most of their territory west of the 180th meridian , in the Eastern Hemisphere , so they are considered to belong to the easternmost countries with their territory stretching as far to the east as beyond the 180th meridian into the Western Hemisphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f80e857fbb844efb95b37246c50da55b", "text": "Firefighting in Antarctica Firefighting in Antarctica encompasses various organizations and procedures designed to fight fires on the continent of Antarctica . Firefighting in Antarctica is complicated by the harsh conditions of the continent , the remoteness of the locations to be serviced , and the importance of protecting life-supporting shelter from immolation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac72ac0fa331f095a18c47ddaf31053c", "text": "Early world maps The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity , the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm . World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period . The developments of Greek geography during this time , notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius culminated in the Roman era , with Ptolemy 's world map ( 2nd century CE ) , which would remain authoritative throughout the Middle Ages . Since Ptolemy , knowledge of the approximate size of the globe allowed cartographers to estimate the extent of their geographical knowledge , and to indicate parts of the globe known to exist but not yet explored as terra incognita . With the Age of Discovery , during the 15th to 18th centuries , world maps became increasingly accurate ; exploration of Antarctica and the interior of Africa was left to the 19th and early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9bde1fc0c87d22870a442a65b16c03", "text": "Oceanic plateau An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large , relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides . There are 184 oceanic plateaus covering an area of 18,486,600 km2 , or about 5.11 % of the oceans . The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus ( see map ) . Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots , mantle plumes , and volcanic islands -- such as Iceland , Hawaii , Cape Verde , and Kerguelen . The three largest plateaus , the Caribbean , Ontong Java , and Mid-Pacific Mountains , are located on thermal swells . Other oceanic plateaus , however , are made of rifted continental crust , for example Falkland Plateau , Lord Howe Rise , and parts of Kerguelen , Seychelles , and Arctic ridges . Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Snake River Plain in the United States . In contrast to continental flood basalts , most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin ( 6 - ) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources . These plateaus often rise 2 - above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust . They therefore tend to withstand subduction , more-so when thick and when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations . As a consequence , they tend to `` dock '' to continental margins and be preserved as accreted terranes . Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth 's history . This `` docking '' also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust . Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate , such as the most recent plateaus formed , the three , large , Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean : Ontong Java , Kerguelen , and Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a2545fbb73f256c7f23cf7e694ae2e", "text": "Lists of places in Antarctica Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth . While Antarctica has never had a permanent human population , it has been explored by various groups , and many locations on and around the continent have been described . This page lists notable places in and immediately surrounding the Antarctic continent , including geographic features , bodies of water , and human settlements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29d1ddbbf72aee0ca28202a3d81aaab9", "text": "Timeline of women in Antarctica This is a Timeline of women in Antarctica . This article describes many of the firsts and accomplishments that women from various countries have accomplished in different fields of endeavor on the continent of Antarctica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e532fa9be9b1cdc9818b475f7d8912f", "text": "Antarctica: The Battle for the Seventh Continent Antarctica : The Battle for the Seventh Continent is a 2016 book by Doaa Abdel-Motaal is book discussing the complexities of territorial claims on Antarctica and the agreements surrounding the continent . The book critiques the existing treaties and then explores different alternative to find a peaceful resolution to the problems posed by Antarctica 's unique situation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2d7c469ff9e090d1fb44f4d41f75d4a", "text": "Antártica Chilena Province Antártica Chilena Province ( Provincia de la Antártica Chilena ) is the southernmost and one of four provinces in Chile 's southernmost region , Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region ( XII ) . The capital is Puerto Williams . The province comprises the extreme southern part of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego ( south of the Cordillera Darwin ) , the islands south and west of Isla Grande , and Chile 's claims in Antarctica . The province is administratively divided into two communes ( comunas ) : Cabo de Hornos , located at the southern tip of South America , and Antártica , a wedge-shaped claim of Antarctica , which is not internationally recognized . Its total area of 1,265,853.7 sqkm makes it almost twice as large as all other provinces of Chile combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbdcf1ca4319bf0b331c244a7ffb556", "text": "Antarctic Circumpolar Current The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica . An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift . The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport of 100-150 Sverdrups ( Sv , million m ³ / s ) , making it the largest ocean current . More recent research even puts this number at over 173 Sv . The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica , enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet . Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence , where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters of the subantarctic , creating a zone of upwelling nutrients . These nurture high levels of phytoplankton with associated copepods and krill , and resultant foodchains supporting fish , whales , seals , penguins , albatrosses and a wealth of other species . The ACC has been known to sailors for centuries ; it greatly speeds up any travel from west to east , but makes sailing extremely difficult from east to west ; though this is mostly due to the prevailing westerly winds . The circumstances preceding the mutiny on the Bounty and Jack London 's story `` Make Westing '' poignantly illustrated the difficulty it caused for mariners seeking to round Cape Horn on the clipper ship route between New York and California . The clipper route , which is the fastest sailing route around the world , follows the ACC around three continental capes -- Cape Agulhas ( Africa ) , South East Cape ( Australia ) and Cape Horn ( South America ) . The current creates the Ross and Weddell gyres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed45444769d816f48eb7e47cfa0db47", "text": "Antarctica Marathon The Antarctica Marathon may have been the first for-profit sporting event held in Antarctica , on January 28 , 1995 . The event is now held every year in late February or early March . The 42.195 km race is held on King George Island , the largest of the South Shetland Islands just off the Antarctic Peninsula . There is also a half-marathon held at the same time . The start and finish is at Bellingshausen Station ( the Russian base ) , and the course passes the Artigas Base ( Uruguayan ) , the Frei Base ( Chilean ) and the Great Wall Base ( Chinese ) . The course follows a gravel road that connects the bases . The first marathon held in Antarctica may have been near the American research base , McMurdo Station , in January 1995 . The annual marathon is free and is open to employees and grantees of the United States Antarctic Program , United States Air Force personnel on duty at McMurdo Station , as well as Kiwis from New Zealand 's nearby research station , Scott Base . Many participants run the full marathon . However , a half marathon option is available . Some participants elect to ski the course . In January 2015 , McMurdo Station hosted possibly the first known Ultra Marathon over 30 miles on the continent . The South Pole has also witnessed runners braving conditions to complete a full 26.2 mile race . Both for-profit and free events have been held outside the Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station . The South Pole is possibly the first known location of an Ultra Marathon on the continent , when defining an Ultra as anything over 26.2 miles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f440e9c960397933b691c5e2338ebe8", "text": "Extreme points of the Antarctic This is a list of the extreme points of the Antarctic , the points of Antarctic and subantarctic lands that are farther to the south than any other location classified by continent and country . Geographical position and distance to the South Pole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0acab511641dba4ca1d247b96d028d1a", "text": "Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises , amongst other countries , Indonesia , Philippines and Papua New Guinea . Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans , it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool . The maritime continent consists of many islands , peninsulas and shallow seas . The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors , the most significant being geographic location and topography , both of which contribute to the development of the Tropical Warm Pool , which is the warmest large area of ocean on Earth . Coined by Colin Ramage in 1968 , the name combines the terms maritime and continent normally used as opposites in the description of climate . Maritime air is humid , and continental air is dry . In the Southeast Asia region , land masses and bodies of water are , roughly-speaking , evenly distributed . Moreover , the land masses are characterized by high mountains , and the seas are among the warmest on the earth . This produces a widespread area of diurnal thunderstorms which pump huge quantities of moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere which in turn feeds the upper level winds which circle the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a562696b2c19d1fb62b2f85ab62d4745", "text": "Ur (continent) Ur is a proposed supercontinent that formed in the Archean ( 3.1 billion ) . In Roger 's reconstruction Ur is half a billion years older than Arctica and , in the early period of its existence , it was probably the only continent on Earth , and as such can be considered a supercontinent , though it was probably smaller than present-day Australia . In more recent works geologists often refer to both Ur and other proposed Archaean continental assemblages as supercratons . Ur can , nevertheless , be half a billion years younger than Vaalbara , but the concepts of these two early cratonic assemblages are incompatible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4318336e04ee3908654dc2264ed23207", "text": "Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories This article lists the lists of sovereign states and dependent territories on Wikipedia in alphabetical order . By continent Africa Antarctica Asia Europe North America List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania South America By combined continental landmass The Americas Eurasia Category : Lists of countries by continent Category : Lists of lists", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d78f294da2e5997675078a94aa24a97", "text": "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era which began at the end of the 19th century , and ended after the First World War ; the Shackleton -- Rowett Expedition of 1921 -- 22 is often cited by historians as the dividing line between the `` Heroic '' and `` Mechanical '' ages . During the Heroic Age period the Antarctic continent became the focus of international efforts that resulted in intensive scientific and geographical exploration , in which 17 major Antarctic expeditions were launched from ten countries . The common factor in these expeditions was the limited nature of the resources available to them before advances in transport and communication technologies revolutionized the work of exploration . This meant that each expedition became a feat of endurance that tested , and sometimes exceeded its personnel 's physical and mental limits . The `` heroic '' label , bestowed later , recognized the adversities which had to be overcome by these pioneers , some of whom did not survive the experience ; during this period 19 expedition members died . During the course of these expeditions the geographical and magnetic poles were both reached . The achievement of being first to the geographical South Pole was a primary object in some expeditions , and was the sole rationale for Roald Amundsen 's venture . However , this was not the only aspect of polar exploration during this time ; other expeditions worked with defined objectives in different areas of the continent . As a result of all this activity , much of the continent 's coastline was discovered and mapped , and significant areas of its interior were explored . The expeditions also generated large quantities of scientific data and specimens across a wide range of scientific disciplines , the examination and analysis of which would keep the world 's scientific communities busy for decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b51fd1bd9c320283107ace1793ba19", "text": "Geography of Antarctica The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and , thus , by ice . The Antarctic continent , located in the Earth 's southern hemisphere , is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle . It is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or , depending on definition , the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans . It has an area of more than 14 million km ² . Some 98 % of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , the world 's largest ice sheet and also its largest reservoir of fresh water . Averaging at least 1.6 km thick , the ice is so massive that it has depressed the continental bedrock in some areas more than 2.5 km below sea level ; subglacial lakes of liquid water also occur ( e.g. , Lake Vostok ) . Ice shelves and rises populate the ice sheet on the periphery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9e8c5a2cd5fe234115e8454bad4c26", "text": "Lars Christensen Coast The Lars Christensen Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica lying between Murray Monolith , in 66 ° 54 ′ E , and the head of the Amery Ice Shelf in 71 ° 0 ′ E . The seaward portions of this area ( along the Amery Ice Front to Murray Monolith ) were discovered and sailed along by Norwegian whalers employed by Lars Christensen of Sandefjord , Norway for whom this coast is named . Christensen personally participated in some of the exploration conducted in Antarctica by his firm , 1926 -- 37 . Exploration and mapping of the southwestern ( interior ) side of the Amery Ice Shelf was accomplished by Australian expeditions during the 1950s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2193f1f28a63569eb2ce92bb642fd867", "text": "Australian Plate The Australian Plate is a major tectonic plate in the eastern and , largely , in the southern hemispheres . Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana , Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately when India broke away and began moving north . Australia and Antarctica began rifting and completely separated roughly The Australian plate later fused with the adjacent Indian Plate beneath the Indian Ocean to form a single Indo-Australian Plate . However , recent studies suggest that the two plates have once again split apart and have been separate plates for at least 3 million years and likely longer . The Australian plate includes the continent of Australia , including Tasmania , as well portions of New Guinea , New Zealand , and the Indian Ocean basin .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a315ce4f21c47df8eef26c7650d53948", "text": "Sister Act Sister Act is a 1992 American musical comedy film directed by Emile Ardolino and written by Joseph Howard . Featuring musical arrangements by Marc Shaiman , the film stars Whoopi Goldberg as a Reno lounge singer who has been put under protective custody in a San Francisco convent of Poor Clares and has to pretend to be a nun when a mob boss puts her on his hit list . Also in the cast are Maggie Smith , Kathy Najimy , Wendy Makkena , Mary Wickes , and Harvey Keitel . One of the most financially successful comedies of the early 1990s , grossing $ 231 million worldwide , the film was rated # 83 on Bravo 's The 100 Funniest Movies list . It spawned a 1993 sequel , entitled Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit , and a musical adaptation that premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena , California , in 2006 , and opened at the West End 's London Palladium with previews from May 7 , 2009 . The musical then opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre in April 2011 , with previews beginning March 24 , 2011 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a28b8f2059ead97d1ff281f84a452e02", "text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 13 , 2013 , at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network . Executive producers are John Wells , Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn , with producer Michael Hissrich . The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7 , 2013 . The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers , becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date . The episode airing February 17 , `` The Sins of My Caretaker '' , received 1.31 million total viewers , its lowest rated episode of the season . The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316f165dfb80825179139bab0f6775bb", "text": "Susan Browning Susan Brown Browning ( February 25 , 1941 -- April 23 , 2006 ) was an American actress . Browning was born in Baldwin , New York . She attended Penn State University where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta . She was nominated for two Tony Awards : for Best Actress in a Musical for Company in 1971 and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Goodtime Charley in 1975 . She was also featured on Broadway in the musicals Big River and Shelter , as well as several plays . Browning played one of the nuns in the 1992 movie Sister Act , as well as its 1993 sequel Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit . Her television work included appearances on Law & Order , One Life to Live , Mary Hartman , Mary Hartman , The Monkees , The Girl From U.N.C.L.E. , and The Wild Wild West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261756e0b2d89ff48a348010f5c2d842", "text": "A Sister to Assist 'Er A Sister to Assist ` Er may refer to : A Sister to Assist ` Er ( play ) , a comic play by John le Breton A Sister to Assist ` Er ( 1922 film ) , a silent film directed by George Dewhurst A Sister to Assist ` Er ( 1927 film ) , a silent film directed by George Dewhurst A Sister to Assist ` Er ( 1930 film ) , a sound film directed by George Dewhurst A Sister to Assist ` Er ( 1938 film ) , a sound film directed by George Dewhurst A Sister to Assist ` Er ( 1948 film ) , a sound film directed by George Dewhurst", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286cfc07365f2286beb9f3a0885eb0fb", "text": "3ality Technica 3ality Technica , formerly 3ality Digital , is a Burbank , California based company specializing in high-definition , live-action stereoscopic digital 3D . The company develops production systems , image processing software and other technologies that enable the creation , post-production and distribution of live-action 3D entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb5c15f677cff588cba3f7aaea5c851", "text": "Hogtown (film) Hogtown is a multi-racial , multilingual `` period-less '' 2015 independent film . Set against the backdrop of the 1919 Chicago race riots , the story revolves around the mysterious disappearance of a millionaire theater owner during a snowstorm . Bill Stamets of the Chicago Sun-Times acknowledged Hogtown as `` the most original film made in Chicago about Chicago to date '' . It was named one of the 10 Best Films of 2016 by Ben Kenigsberg , who reviewed the film for The New York Times , and JR Jones of The Chicago Reader named it the best film about Chicago and the best film made in Chicago , `` period , '' for 2015 . The film won Best Picture awards at the 30th Black International Cinema Berlin , the 2015 International Black Film Festival ( Nashville ) , the 2015 Los Angeles Black Film Festival , and the 2015 Independent Film Playoff ( Los Angeles ) . It is the second of three films in an unnamed trilogy , following the 2010 film Chicago Heights . The third film , Sister Carrie , is in development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8edbcb5349b9579c3f63eb110af68a", "text": "Three Days to Vegas Three Days to Vegas is a 2007 American comedy film , directed by Charlie Picerni and starring Peter Falk , Rip Torn , George Segal , Billy Burke and Bill Cobbs . The story follows four elderly male retirees who take a road trip to Las Vegas to stop the impending marriage of one of their daughters , played by Nancy Young . Cobbs replaced iconic actor Ossie Davis in the cast after Davis died during production . The film features various actors in supporting roles , including Chris Diamantopoulos , Reginald VelJohnson , and Taylor Negron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eeeeffb8b9c969ac2cfddecceea1f29", "text": "Three Bad Sisters Three Bad Sisters is a 1956 American drama film directed by Gilbert Kay and written by Gerald Drayson Adams . The film stars Marla English , Kathleen Hughes , Sara Shane , John Bromfield and Jess Barker . The film was released in January 1956 , by United Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059904cab2195f0aa4328c4407305605", "text": "Three Little Sisters Three Little Sisters is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Joseph Santley and written by Olive Cooper . The film stars Mary Lee , Ruth Terry , Cheryl Walker , William Terry , Jackie Moran and Charles Arnt . The film was released on July 31 , 1944 , by Republic Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79933457a12bf391402d918756e2d94", "text": "Ross Sisters The Ross Sisters were a trio of American singers and dancers comprising Betsy Ann Ross ( 1926 -- 1996 ) , Veda Victoria `` Vicki '' Ross ( 1927 -- 2002 ) , and Dixie Jewell Ross ( 1929 -- 1963 ) , who used the stage names Aggie , Maggie , and Elmira . They performed as a three-part harmony trio , who also danced and have become particularly noted for their acrobatics and contortionism . Their careers peaked during the 1940s , when they featured prominently in the 1944 film Broadway Rhythm , footage from which appeared in the 1994 compilation film That 's Entertainment ! III , and later online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08179929bdde5b44cf8e90a213adb06a", "text": "Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II . Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron . Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b278d474038a4cd5032bd2063458f758", "text": "May 3rd Films May 3rd Films is a film and television production company founded in 2003 by noted filmmaker Kirk Fraser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "101cd78fcd6aeebfd51432e82ab22b84", "text": "Tainá Müller Tainá Müller ( born June 1 , 1982 ) is a Brazilian actress . She is the oldest of three sisters , actress Taiure Müller and MTV VJ Titi Müller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "912898ef912c41a2e72ce54f368a0af7", "text": "Braxton Family Values (season 3) The third season of Braxton Family Values , an American reality television series , was broadcast on WE tv . The series aired from March 14 , 2013 until February 20 , 2014 , consisting of 26 episodes . Its executive producers were Toni Braxton , Tamar Braxton , Vincent Herbert , Dan Cutforth , Jane Lipsitz , Julio Kollerbohm , Michelle Kongkasuwan , Lauren Gellert , Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton . Season 3 averaged 1.4 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c2e07260bc56b3149ad2ade73ef215", "text": "Third World Happy Third World Happy is a 2010 Philippine drama film directed by EJ Salcedo , and starring Sam Milby and Jodi Sta . Maria as former partners . The film debuted 11 November 2010 at the Cinema One Originals Digital Film Festival , and had theatrical release across the Philippines on May 25 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60dbd4318b3508891cdfacedf7883fed", "text": "Three Sisters (1970 Olivier film) Three Sisters is a 1970 British drama film starring Alan Bates , Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright , based on the 1900 play by Anton Chekhov . Olivier also directed , with co-director John Sichel . The film was based on a theatre production that Olivier directed at the Royal National Theatre in 1967 . It had its U.S. release as part of the American Film Theatre series in 1974 . It was the final feature film directed by Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3df0e0fdc527c8abbc6daa9e50f6ad", "text": "Three (2006 film) Three ( sometimes stylized Thr3e ) is a 2006 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Ted Dekker . It was directed by Robby Henson . It grossed $ 1.4 million and has a 5 % approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes , which called it a `` thrill-free thriller '' in its critical consensus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7b208910f5af3ca8ee82557bcbc54cb", "text": "Emile Ardolino Emile Ardolino ( May 9 , 1943 -- November 20 , 1993 ) was an American film director , choreographer , and producer , best known for his films Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) and Sister Act ( 1992 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c4a7d72982ee95aff8a634d474883d6", "text": "Four Saints in Three Acts Four Saints in Three Acts is an opera by American composer Virgil Thomson with a libretto by Gertrude Stein . Written in 1927-8 , it contains about 20 saints , and is in at least four acts . It was ground breaking for form , content , and its all-black cast , with singers directed by Eva Jessye , a prominent black choral director , and supported by her choir . Thomson suggested the topic , and the libretto as delivered can be read in Stein 's collected works . The opera features two 16th-century Spanish saints -- the former mercenary Ignatius of Loyola and the mystic Teresa of Avila -- as well as their colleagues , real and imagined : St. Plan , St. Settlement , St. Plot , St. Chavez , etc. . Thomson decided to divide St. Teresa 's role between two singers , `` St. Teresa I '' and `` St. Teresa II '' , and added the master and mistress of ceremonies ( Compère and Commère -- literally , the `` godparents '' ) to sing Stein 's stage directions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c9c0be3cf109f3221cef0eae97f005", "text": "Mom (season 3) The third season of the television comedy series Mom began airing on November 5 , 2015 , on CBS in the United States . The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creators Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker . It follows Christy Plunkett ( Anna Faris ) , a single mother who -- after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug addiction -- decides to restart her life in Napa , California 's wine country working as a waitress at the restaurant Rustic Fig and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . She lives with her mother Bonnie Plunkett ( Allison Janney ) , who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict , as well as her teenage daughter Violet ( Sadie Calvano ) , who was born when Christy was 16 . Christy also has a younger son Roscoe ( Blake Garrett Rosenthal ) by her deadbeat ex-husband Baxter ( Matt L. Jones ) . Other prominent character in the series include the co-Alcoholics Anonymous member , Marjorie ( Mimi Kennedy ) . Jaime Pressly and Beth Hall , who play co-Alcoholics Anonymous members Jill and Wendy , respectively , were upgraded to series regular status for this season . The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0b3256531730f9cfb244b9f8c27c8273", "text": "Qatar Qatar ( -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- ) , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98bf701a64f57b93714b1f48bc20ba15", "text": "List of companies of Qatar Qatar is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940 , in Dukhan Field . The discovery transformed the state 's economy . Now , the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens . With no income tax , Qatar ( along with Bahrain ) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world . The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1 % . Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51 % of any venture in the Emirate .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "27920d9cf7f74d902ede91b32f7c44e3", "text": "Near East The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia . Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles , the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire . The term has fallen into disuse in English and has been replaced by the terms Middle East and Western Asia . According to the National Geographic Society , the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are `` generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula , Cyprus , Egypt , Iraq , Iran , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Palestinian territories , Syria , and Turkey '' . The Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) of the United Nations defines the region similarly , but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f0be8262ffd88cb208a58cb7cdcdcb", "text": "Iran–United Kingdom relations Iran -- United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Iran . Iran , which was known as Persia before 1935 , has had political relations with England since the late Ilkhanate period ( 13th century ) when King Edward I of England sent Geoffrey of Langley to the Ilkhanid court to seek an alliance . Diplomatic relations between the two countries have considerably deteriorated in recent years , following the re-election of President Ahmadinejad . On 28 November 2011 Iran downgraded its relations with Britain due to new sanctions put in place by the UK . The next day a band of students and Basiji attacked the UK embassy compound in Tehran , damaging property and driving the embassy staff away . On 30 November 2011 , in response to the attack , the UK closed its embassy in Tehran and ordered the Iranian embassy in London closed . According to a 2013 BBC World Service poll , only 5 % of British people view Iran 's influence positively , with 84 % expressing a negative view . According to a 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Survey , 16 % of British people viewed Iran favorably , compared to 68 % which viewed it unfavorably ; 91 % of British people oppose Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons and 79 % approve of `` tougher sanctions '' on Iran , while 51 % of British people support use of military force to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons . From July 2012 until October 2013 , British interests in Iran were maintained by the Swedish embassy in Tehran while Iranian interests in the United Kingdom were maintained by the Omani embassy in London . On July 2013 , it is announced that the UK would consider opening better relations with Iran `` step-by-step '' following the election of President Hassan Rouhani . On October 8 , 2013 , Britain and Iran announced that they would each appoint a chargé d'affaires to work toward resuming full diplomatic relations . On February 20 , 2014 the Iranian Embassy in London was restored and the two countries agreed to restart diplomatic relations . On August 23 , 2015 the embassy was officially reopened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf4fb609fd9aa7eb3102d4789021e49e", "text": "Kuwait Bay Jōn al Kuwayt ( جون الكويت , Gulf Arabic pronunciation : / d͡ʒoːn ‿ ɪlkweːt / ) , also known as Kuwait Bay , is a small bay in Kuwait . It is part of the Persian Gulf . The city of Kuwait lies on a tip of the bay . At a site on the Bay of Kuwait , the model of a sailing craft has been discovered , that has been dated to c. 4000 BC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a58af3cccf784df073414f1aee42607", "text": "Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape . Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins . The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "738ee5177f2bf6378d53fd54c2d5c505", "text": "Geography of Iran Geographically , Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea , Persian Gulf , and Gulf of Oman . Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries . The mountains enclose several broad basins , on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located . Until the 20th century , when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers , these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another . Typically , one major town dominated each basin , and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it . In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins , tribally organized groups practiced transhumance , moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures . There are no major river systems in the country , and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains . The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea . With an area of 1648000 km2 , Iran ranks eighteenth in size among the countries of the world . Iran shares its northern borders with three post-Soviet states : Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Turkmenistan . These borders extend for more than 2000 km , including nearly 650 km of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea . Iran 's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south , terminating at the Arvand Rud . The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire 1770 km southern border . To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the far south . Iran 's diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast is approximately 2333 km .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "452b8cf41c8c61cfda122ed36fa6c9cf", "text": "Al Thakhira Al Thakhira ( also spelled Al Dakhira ) is a village on the coast of the Al Khor municipality in Qatar , about 7 km northeast of the city of Al Khor . The area is home to Al Dakhira Nature Reserve , an island with mangroves , and a beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a649b7362bd00336da369cb93e0aeb90", "text": "Music of Kuwait Prior to 1990 and the start of the Gulf War , Kuwait was known in the region for its exploration of many different and new forms of music and dance . However , after encounters with Iraqi soldiers in August 1990 , Kuwait fell and its music was destroyed along with its oil fields . After just seven months under Iraqi conquest , Kuwait 's thousands of years of rich and diverse music was nearly completely destroyed . Traditional Kuwaiti music is derived from Kuwait 's seafaring heritage . The Kuwaiti maritime tradition is known for songs called `` Fidjeri '' . `` Al Arda Al Bahariya '' is a well-known Kuwaiti sailor song , as are the `` al-Nahma '' , a class of songs that accompanied many sailing activities . Kuwaiti music reflects the diverse influence of many cultures , including India and East Africa . Kuwait was the pioneer of contemporary music in the Gulf . Kuwaitis were the first commercial recording artists in the Gulf . Nawal El Kuwaiti , Nabeel Shoail , Abdul Kareem Abdul-Qader and Abdallah Al Rowaished are the most prominent modern performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "323bfbf88970457b361cb1ee22f1d80a", "text": "Middle East nuclear weapon free zone The Middle East nuclear weapon free zone ( MENWFZ ) is a proposed agreement similar to other nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions . Steps towards the establishment of such a zone began in the 1960s led to a joint declaration by Egypt and Iran in 1974 which resulted in a General Assembly resolution ( broadened in 1990 through the Mubarak Initiative to cover all weapons of mass destruction ) . Following the 1995 NPT Review Conference , the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) held a series of meetings involving experts and academics to consider ways to advance this process . Such a zone would strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) , would help to promote global nuclear disarmament and would also help the Middle East peace process as substantial confidence-building measures . The United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 ( the ceasefire ending the Gulf War ) recognizes the goal of establishing the MENWFZ ( para 14 ) . For the Egyptian government ( until the political changes of 2011 ) , a MENWFZ was seen as a central source of pressure on Israel to relinquish its ambiguous nuclear policy , and to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . Until the Iranian nuclear program , Israel was believed to be the only Mideast country to have a nuclear deterrence capability , developed in the 1960s . As Avner Cohen , Gerald Steinberg and other experts have noted , Israeli policy has emphasized the link between nuclear demilitarization and a comprehensive peace settlement including Palestinian issues and with countries and potential threats in the region , including Syria and Iran . Israel maintains a veil of `` studied ambiguity '' ( `` amimut '' ) about its nuclear arsenal , and has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . Four countries in the Middle East have been found in non-compliance with their IAEA safeguards obligations under the NPT : Iraq , Libya , Iran , and Syria . Of these cases , Iran and Syria remain unresolved . Following pressure from Egypt and the Arab League , the 2010 NPT Review Conference called for holding a conference on a MENWFZ which would primarily press Israel to end its policy of a ambiguity . Finland planned to host such an event in 2012 . However , no agreement was reached on the agenda and other issues , and the conference was called off in November 2012 . An international group of concerned citizens , including former members of the Israeli Knesset , responded to the lack of progress in official talks by organizing an International Conference For A WMD-Free Middle East . It was held in Haifa in December 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50fa9915db75cdf77e3edaff08621454", "text": "Doha International Airport Doha International Airport is an airport in Doha , Qatar . It was Qatar 's commercial international airport until Hamad International Airport opened on 27 May 2014 . While all scheduled commercial traffic ceased , the airport site and existing runway is still used by Qatar Emiri Air Force , Rizon Jet and Gulf Helicopters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14eb295c88fb947384687a60077074e7", "text": "Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates The wildlife of the United Arab Emirates is the flora and fauna of this country on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern end of the Persian Gulf . The country offers a variety of habitats for wildlife including the coast , offshore islands , mangrove areas , mudflats , salt pans , sand and gravel plains , sand dunes , mountain slopes , wadis and rocky summits . Because the terrain is so varied , it supports a greater number of species of plants and animals than might have been expected in this relatively small country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1931b8635134b86f7796343f34993fb", "text": "Fuwayrit Fuwayrit is a coastal village in Qatar , located in the municipality of Ash Shamal approximately 80 km north of the capital Doha . It is an important site for Qatar 's oil industry . Previously , it was one of the most important towns in the northern sector of Qatar . The Al Thani had settled in the town in the 19th century , prior to relocating to Al Bidda ( presently Doha ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5d75daa43f662d1481fa50ee93939f", "text": "Basra Governorate Basra Governorate ( or Basra Province ) is a governorate in southern Iraq , bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east . The capital is the city of Basra . Other districts of Basra include Al-Qurnah , Az Zubayr , Al Midaina , Shatt Al Arab , Abu Al Khaseeb and Al Faw located on the Persian Gulf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5e709be25640d6f8a4d589a0be4652", "text": "Arab League The Arab League , formally the League of Arab States , is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia . It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members : Kingdom of Egypt , Kingdom of Iraq , Transjordan ( renamed Jordan in 1949 ) , Lebanon , Saudi Arabia , and Syria . Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945 . Currently , the League has 22 members , but Syria 's participation has been suspended since November 2011 , as a consequence of government repression during the Syrian Civil War . The League 's main goal is to `` draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries '' . Through institutions , such as the Arab League Educational , Cultural and Scientific Organization ( ALECSO ) and the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League 's Council of Arab Economic Unity ( CAEU ) , the Arab League facilitates political , economic , cultural , scientific , and social programmes designed to promote the interests of the Arab world . It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions , to deliberate on matters of common concern , to settle some Arab disputes and to limit conflicts such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis . The League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration . One example is the Joint Arab Economic Action Charter , which outlines the principles for economic activities in the region . Each member state has one vote in the League Council , and decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them . The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political , cultural , economic and social programs of its members and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties . Furthermore , the signing of an agreement on Joint Defence and Economic Cooperation on 13 April 1950 committed the signatories to coordination of military defence measures . In March 2015 , the Arab League General Secretary announced the establishment of a Joint Arab Force with the aim of counteracting extremism and other threats to the Arab States . The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen . Participation in the project is voluntary , and the army intervenes only at the request of one of the member states . The growing militarization of the region and the increase in violent civil wars as well as terrorist movements are the reason behind the creation of the JAF , financed by the rich Gulf countries . In the early 1970s , the Economic Council of the League of Arab States put forward a proposal to create the Joint Arab Chambers of Commerce across the European states . That led , under the decree of the League of Arab States no . K1175/D52/G , to the decision by the Arab governments to set up the Arab British Chamber of Commerce which was mandated to `` promote , encourage and facilitate bilateral trade '' between the Arab world and its major trading partner , the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2478756df85941c2129705421da7c76", "text": "Al Assiry Al Assiry is a district of Doha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5cd0267fc002bab5f0ae7e52d650b2d", "text": "Iran–United Arab Emirates relations Relations between the neighboring countries of Iran and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) are deeply historic , dating back centuries prior to the establishment of the modern-day United Arab Emirates . They maintain diplomatic relations , with embassies in each other countries , and have close economic ties . There is a significant community of Iranians in the United Arab Emirates , mostly residing in the emirate of Dubai . An Arabic-speaking native community lives in the southern provinces of Iran , some of whose members share historical ties with the southern shores of the Persian Gulf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc70b7207403ecd77dbfe426ad01bbc5", "text": "Natural gas in Qatar The natural gas in Qatar covers a large portion of the world supply of natural gas . According to Oil & Gas Journal , as of January 1 , 2011 , reserves of natural gas in Qatar were measured at approximately 896 e12cuft ; this measurement means that the state contains 14 % of all known natural-gas reserves , as the world 's third-largest reserves , behind Russia and Iran . The majority of Qatar 's natural gas is located in the massive offshore North Field , which spans an area roughly equivalent to Qatar itself . A part of the world 's largest non-associated , natural-gas field , the North Field , is a geological extension of Iran 's South Pars / North Dome Gas-Condensate field , which holds an additional 450 e12cuft of recoverable natural-gas reserves . While Qatar is a member of the OPEC and is a significant oil producer , the government has devoted more resources to the development of natural gas in the contemporary era , particularly for export as liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) . In 2006 , Qatar reportedly surpassed Indonesia to become the largest exporter of LNG in the world . Together , revenues from the oil and natural-gas sectors amount to 60 % of the country 's GDP . Domestically , the vast majority of Qatar 's total energy consumption comes from natural gas ( 79 % ) , whilst the balance is supplied by oil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42a1c59d31a33fd48a2a68dc66a73fa5", "text": "India–Qatar relations India -- Qatar relations refers to the bilateral ties between India and Qatar . India maintains an embassy in Doha , while Qatar maintains an embassy in New Delhi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a712bc1ae0e117ad583e995bf4d05c", "text": "Foreign relations of Bahrain Bahrain plays a modest , moderating role in regional politics and adheres to the views of the Arab League on Middle East peace and Palestinian rights . Since achieving independence in 1971 , Bahrain has maintained friendly relations with most of its neighbours and with the world community . It generally pursues a policy of close consultation with neighbouring states and works to narrow areas of disagreement . Bahrain is a member of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf ( GCC ) , established on May 26 , 1981 with five other Persian Gulf states . The country has fully complied with steps taken by the GCC to coordinate economic development and defense and security planning . In December 1994 , it concurred with the GCC decision to drop secondary and tertiary boycotts against Israel . In many instances , it has established special bilateral trade agreements . The country 's foreign minister is Sheikh Khaled bin Ahmed Al Khalifa , a career diplomat . Educated in the United States , as a student Sheikh Khaled was a member of US President Jimmy Carter 's 1980 presidential campaign team . His deputy is Dr Nazar Al Baharna , a politician and business leader , who was appointed in 2006 following the victory of the biggest Shia party Al Wefaq in that year 's parliamentary elections . Al Baharna was formerly a leading member of Al Wefaq . In June 2006 , Bahrain was elected head of the United Nations General Assembly , and used the honour to appoint Haya bint Rashid Al Khalifa as the Assembly 's president , making her the first Middle East woman and only the third woman in history to take over the post . Sheikha Haya is a leading Bahraini lawyer and women 's rights advocate who will take over the post at a time of change for the world body . UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said of her , `` I met her yesterday and I found her quite impressive . All the member states are determined to work with her and to support her , and I think she 's going to bring a new dimension to the work here . '' The move follows a series of appointments of women to high-profile positions in the Kingdom ( see Women 's political rights in Bahrain for further details ) . During the Persian Gulf War in 1990 -- 91 , Bahrain was part of the coalition that fought to liberate Kuwait . Bahraini , RAF , and USAF pilots flew air strikes in Iraq from the Sheik Isa Air Base , while coalition navies operated out of Manama , the capital . Bahrain was hit by Scud missiles fired from Iraq . A number of Bahraini students studying in Iraq and Kuwait at the outbreak of hostilities went missing and are presumed the victims of Saddam Hussein 's secret police . After the liberation of Kuwait , Bahrain and the United States strengthened their already good ties by signing a ten-year agreement in October 1991 , which granted American forces access to Bahraini facilities and allowed the U.S. to pre-position war material for future crises . In July 1995 the U.S. 5th Fleet was established in the Persian Gulf with its headquarters at NSA Bahrain in Manama . In 2003 , U.S. President George W. Bush designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally . Bahrain was an active member of the coalition that fought to remove the Taliban regime from Afghanistan in 2001 ; the Kingdom provided ships for the naval cordon in the Indian Ocean put in place to intercept fleeing Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters . However , the Kingdom opposed unilateral action against Iraq in 2003 , and to the annoyance of Washington in the run up to the war sought to defuse the crisis by offering Saddam Hussein asylum as a way of avoiding war . Bahrain-Iran relations have been strained since the Iranian Revolution and the 1981 discovery of a planned Iran-sponsored coup in Bahrain . Bahraini suspicions of the Iranian role in local unrest in the mid-1990s remain . However , with the decline of Iraq as a regional powerbroker , Bahrain has begun taking steps to improve relations with Iran and increase regional harmony . These efforts have included encouraging Bahrain-Iran trade . The long-standing territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands and the maritime boundary were resolved in 2001 by a compromise decision of the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) . To mark Mahatma Gandhi 's birthday on 2 October 2007 , the Ministry of Foreign Affairs co-sponsored with the Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research and the Indian Embassy a conference on the relevance of Mahatma Gandhi 's philosophy for the Arab world in the 21st Century . The conference , attended by Arab and Indian academics , UN officials and diplomats discussed the Gandhi 's teaching of non-violence , austerity and spiritualism with particular reference to the Arab world today . Among the keynote speakers was leading liberal academic , Dr Abdulla Al Madani , who emphasised Gandhi 's moral vision : `` Had he resorted to kidnapping , suicide-bombings , beheadings , or other barbarian means , his memory would not have remained rooted in the world 's conscience . Believing that the credibility of one 's action lay in setting a personal example , Gandhi began with himself . He quit his legal practice , gave up wearing Western-style clothing , and embraced a humble lifestyle by making his own clothes and living on a simple vegetarian diet . This , of course , differs from the practice of leaders of some Arab resistance movements , who urge their followers to boycott the West while savouring the Western lifestyle , products , and technology . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a3635d4698a8611d8208d3773b6f6d57", "text": "Archimedes ) | death_place = Syracuse , SicilyMagna Graecia | field = | known_for = -RCB- -RCB- Archimedes of Syracuse ( -LSB- ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz -RSB- Ἀρχιμήδης ) was a Greek mathematician , physicist , engineer , inventor , and astronomer . Although few details of his life are known , he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity . Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time , Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems , including the area of a circle , the surface area and volume of a sphere , and the area under a parabola . Other mathematical achievements include deriving an accurate approximation of pi , defining and investigating the spiral bearing his name , and creating a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers . He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena , founding hydrostatics and statics , including an explanation of the principle of the lever . He is credited with designing innovative machines , such as his screw pump , compound pulleys , and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion . Archimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed . Cicero describes visiting the tomb of Archimedes , which was surmounted by a sphere and a cylinder , which Archimedes had requested to be placed on his tomb , representing his mathematical discoveries . Unlike his inventions , the mathematical writings of Archimedes were little known in antiquity . Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him , but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until by Isidore of Miletus in Byzantine Constantinople , while commentaries on the works of Archimedes written by Eutocius in the sixth century AD opened them to wider readership for the first time . The relatively few copies of Archimedes ' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance , while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7f535bb1dc3b6d5942fd70a5394d23ea", "text": "Skeireins The Skeireins ( -LSB- wiktionary : ð ð ºð ´ ð ¹ ð ð ´ ð ¹ ð 1/2 ð , ð ð ºð ´ ð ¹ ð ð ´ ð ¹ ð 1/2 ð -RSB- -LSB- ˈskiːriːns -RSB- ) is the longest and most important monument of the Gothic language after Ulfilas ' version of the Bible . It consists of eight fragments of a commentary on the Gospel of John which is commonly held to have originally extended over seventy-eight parchment leaves . It owes its title to the 19th-century German scholar Hans Ferdinand Massmann , who was the first to issue a comprehensive and correct edition of it : `` Skeireins '' means `` explanation '' in Gothic . The man Currently it is housed at the Vatican Library ( Vat . lat . 5750 ) in Rome . There are conflicting views on whether the Skeireins was written directly in Gothic by a native speaker or whether it was a translation from a Greek original . Schäferdiek ( 1981 ) observes striking similarities between the Gothic of the Skeireins and the Greek of Theodore of Heraclea 's commentary on the Gospel of John .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32f17b4c025844932a58ae135f8ab54", "text": "Antiquity Antiquity may refer to any period before the Middle Ages ( 476 -- 1453 ) , but still within Western civilization-based human history or prehistory : Ancient history , any historical period before the Middle Ages Classical antiquity , the classical civilizations of the Mediterranean Late Antiquity , the period between classical antiquity and the Middle Ages Ancient Egypt , a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt Ancient China Ancient Somalia , ancient pyramidal structures , mausoleums , ruined cities and stone walls found in Somalia ( such as the Wargaade Wall ) are evidence of an old sophisticated civilization that once thrived in the Somali peninsula Ancient Greece , a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( c. 600 AD ) Ancient India Ancient Iran Ancient Israel and Judah Ancient Japan Ancient Near East , the home of early civilizations within roughly the modern Middle East North Africa during Antiquity , the history of Egypt , Ancient Libya , Numidia and Mauretania Poland in Antiquity , an era that dates from about 400 BC to 450 -- 500 AD Romania in Antiquity , between the foundation of Greek colonies in present-day Dobruja and the withdrawal of the Romans from `` Dacia Trajana '' province Ancient Rome Ancient languages Ancient music , music that developed in literate cultures , replacing prehistoric music Antiquities , objects or artifacts surviving from ancient cultures", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c024d3a438a2e5fc0de97d7a4433d5ca", "text": "Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral . In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b66347fd836a95ed992b8d33c03e8c", "text": "Medieval letter tile Medieval letter tiles are one-letter ceramic tiles that were employed in monasteries and churches of the late Middle Ages for the creation of Christian inscriptions on floors and walls . They were created by pressing stamps bearing a reverse image into soft clay , which was then baked hard , and they were used to form words by assembling single-letter tiles in the desired order . The decoration technique is notable for being an early form of movable type printing which essentially is nothing but the stringing together of identically created individual letters for the purpose of producing an image . Compared to the conventional printing technique later established by Johannes Gutenberg , though , medieval tile alphabets were created in an inverse order : In a first step , the ( im ) printing was done , and only then the process of typesetting occurred , by spreading out the individual letter tiles onto the floor and composing them into words and lines of text . The use of such movable letter tiles is documented for the English Chertsey Abbey , from whose ruins specimens dating to the second half of the 13th century were recovered , as well as for the early 14th‑century flooring of the Dutch Aduard Abbey . In Zinna Abbey south of Berlin , there is an extant Ave Maria embedded in the floor before the altar . Each letter appears as a relief print on an unglazed , red-brown terracotta tile measuring 14 x 14 cm . The Latin inscription dates to the 13th or 14th century and was composed in Gothic majuscule . The Prüfening dedicatory inscription is a Latin church inscription on a single clay tablet using a different principle , apparently made by stamping out the words with individual letter stamps or types . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "083cc24b5bf843a563dabdccb54d9d20", "text": "Epigenes of Byzantium Epigenes of Byzantium ( Έπιγένης unknown-circa 200 BC ) was a Greek astrologer . He seems to have been a strong supporter of astrology , which , though derided by many Greek intellectuals , had been accepted and adopted by many Greeks from the seventh century BC through commercial contact with the Chaldeans of Babylonia . It is unclear when Epigenes lived - he may have lived about the time of Augustus ; some conjecture that he lived centuries earlier - but he is known to have refined the study of his chosen field , defining Saturn , for example , as `` cold and windy . '' Along with Apollonius of Myndus and Artemidorus of Parium , he boasted of having been instructed by the Chaldean priest-astrologers , many of whom infiltrated Greece when the ports of Egypt opened to Greek ships after 640 BC . Epigenes ' claims to have been educated by the Chaldeans comes from the writings of Seneca . Pliny the Elder writes that Epigenes attests to the fact that the Chaldeans preserved astral observations in inscriptions upon brick tiles ( coctilibus laterculis ) extending to a period of 720 years . Pliny calls Epigenes a writer of first-rate authority ( gravis auctor imprimis ) . The 55-km lunar crater Epigenes is named after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56a2f4f04a30d4a2fa3d8e449321de39", "text": "Erasmus Reinhold Erasmus Reinhold ( October 22 , 1511 -- February 19 , 1553 ) was a German astronomer and mathematician , considered to be the most influential astronomical pedagogue of his generation . He was born and died in Saalfeld , Saxony . He was educated , under Jacob Milich , at the University of Wittenberg , where he was first elected dean and later became rector . In 1536 he was appointed professor of higher mathematics by Philipp Melanchthon . In contrast to the limited modern definition , `` mathematics '' at the time also included applied mathematics , especially astronomy . His colleague , Georg Joachim Rheticus , also studied at Wittenberg and was appointed professor of lower mathematics in 1536 . Reinhold catalogued a large number of stars . His publications on astronomy include a commentary ( 1542 , 1553 ) on Georg Purbach 's Theoricae novae planetarum . Reinhold knew about Copernicus and his heliocentric ideas prior to the publication of De revolutionibis and made a favourable reference to him in his commentary on Purbach . However , Reinhold ( like other astronomers before Kepler and Galileo ) translated Copernicus ' mathematical methods back into a geocentric system , rejecting heliocentric cosmology on physical and theological grounds . Duke Albert of Brandenburg Prussia supported Reinhold and financed the printing of Reinhold 's Prutenicae Tabulae or Prussian Tables . These astronomical tables helped to disseminate calculation methods of Copernicus throughout the Empire , however , Gingerich notes that they showed a `` notable lack of commitment '' to heliocentricity and were `` carefully framed '' to be independent of the movement of the Earth . Both Reinholds 's Prutenic Tables and Copernicus ' studies were the foundation for the Calendar Reform by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 . It was Reinhold 's heavily annotated copy of De revolutionibus in the Royal Observatory , Edinburgh , that started Owen Gingerich on his search for copies of the first and second editions which he describes in The Book Nobody Read . In Reinhold 's unpublished commentary on De revolutionibus , he calculated the distance from the Earth to the sun . He `` massaged '' his calculation method in order to arrive at an answer close to that of Ptolemy . His name has been given to a prominent lunar impact crater that lies to the south-southwest of the crater Copernicus , on the Mare Insularum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07a9ef487d4eed654f4c1d8f4223247", "text": "Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici ( often abbreviated to MD ; `` Materials and discussions for the analysis of classical texts '' ) is an Italian periodical within the realm of classical philology founded in 1978 . The periodical serves as a forum for exchange on different methodological approaches to ancient literature confronting historical-philological method and modern literary theory and investigating the language of culture as well as forms and techniques of literary communication . MD was founded by a group of scholars around the editor Gian Biagio Conte in Pisa in 1978 . The editor is helped by an international scientific advisory board , to which belong : Alessandro Barchiesi , Maurizio Bettini , Maria Grazia Bonnanno , Mario Citroni , Marco Fantuzzi , R. Elaine Fantham , Rolando Ferri , Philip Hardie , Richard L. Hunter , Mario Labate , Glenn W. Most , Michael D. Reeve , Gianpiero Rosati , Luigi Enrico Rossi , Richard J. Tarrant . Publications are peer-reviewed . The periodical appears twice a year at Fabrizio Serra editore in Pisa ( ISSN 0392-6338 ) . From issue 49 , 2002 onwards , it also appears in electronic guise ( ISSN elettronico 1724-1693 ) . In 2009 , a volume of indices was published for volumes 1 , 1978 to 60 , 2008 . The periodical is accompanied by a book series Biblioteca di ` Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici ' edited by Maurizio Bettini and Gian Biagio Conte . It accepts philological and critical monographs which may vary in their approach to ancient literature , but are supposed to give a problematized framework of the analysis of their given text and to foster the development of critical instruments . So far , 20 volumes have been published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca206e4f3d937a36cd0a1383fc562f3", "text": "Medieval literature Medieval literature is a broad subject , encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages ( that is , the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca . AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century ) . The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works . Just as in modern literature , it is a complex and rich field of study , from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane , touching all points in-between . Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin , language , and genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71bc1988519fc113cfe970cb15a1073b", "text": "Oxyrhynchus Papyri The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by archaeologists including Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt ( , modern el-Bahnasa ) . The manuscripts date from the 1st to as late as the 7th century AD . They include thousands of Greek and Latin documents , letters and literary works . They also include a few vellum manuscripts , and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper ( for example , the medieval P. Oxy . VI 1006 ) . The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in institutions all over the world . A substantial number are housed in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University . Although the initial hope of finding many of the lost literary works of antiquity at Oxyrhynchus was not realized , many important Greek texts were found at the site . These include poems of Pindar , fragments of Sappho and Alcaeus , along with larger pieces of Alcman , Ibycus , and Corinna . There were also extensive remains of the Hypsipyle of Euripides , fragments of the comedies of Menander , and a large part of the Ichneutae of Sophocles . Also found were the oldest and most complete diagrams from Euclid 's Elements . Fragments of Euclid discovered lead to a re-evaluation of the accuracy of ancient sources for The Elements , revealing that the version of Theon of Alexandria has more authority than previously believed , according to Thomas Little Heath . Another important find was the historical work known as the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia , whose author is unknown but may be Ephorus or , as many currently think , Cratippus . A life of Euripides by Satyrus the Peripatetic was also unearthed , while an epitome of seven of the 107 lost books of Livy was the most important literary find in Latin . The classical author who has most benefited from the finds at Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander ( 342 -- 291 BC ) , whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments . Menander 's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include Misoumenos , Dis Exapaton , Epitrepontes , Karchedonios , Dyskolos and Kolax . The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander 's status among classicists and scholars of Greek theatre . There is an on-line table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb89410f44f522d62482ee6060fc60a1", "text": "Bible The Bible ( from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία , tà biblía , `` the books '' ) is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans . Many different authors contributed to the Bible . What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups ; a number of Bible canons have evolved , with overlapping and diverging contents . The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint ; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh . The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians , believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ , written in first-century Koine Greek . These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives , letters , and apocalyptic writings . Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon , primarily the Apocrypha , a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect . Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups . Roman Catholics , Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition , while Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura , or scripture alone . This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation , and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching . With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies , the Bible is widely considered to be the best-selling book of all time . It has estimated annual sales of 100 million copies , and has been a major influence on literature and history , especially in the West , where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67767dc40db4a8d1ad6dacbc0a7a8293", "text": "Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline . Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title . Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions . The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "958541a4f1b00f918c76ffbebf13a597", "text": "Book of Fixed Stars The Book of Fixed Stars is an astronomical text written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi ( Azophi ) around 964 . The book was written in Arabic , although the author himself was Persian . It was an attempt to create a synthesis of the comprehensive star catalogue in Ptolemy 's Almagest ( books VII and VIII ) with the indigenous Arabic astronomical traditions on the constellations . The book was thoroughly illustrated along with observations and descriptions of the stars , their positions ( copied from Ptolemy 's Almagest with the longitudes increased by 12 ° 42 ' to account for the precession ) , their magnitudes ( brightness ) and their color . His results , as in Ptolemy 's Almagest , were set out constellation by constellation . For each constellation , he provided two drawings , one from the outside of a celestial globe , and the other from the inside . The work was highly influential and survives in numerous manuscripts and translations . The oldest manuscript , kept in the Bodleian Library , dates to 1009 and is the work of the author 's son . There is a thirteenth-century copy in the British Library ( Or . 5323 ) . He has the earliest known descriptions and illustrations of what he called `` a little cloud '' , which is actually the Andromeda Galaxy . He mentions it as lying before the mouth of a Big Fish , an Arabic constellation . This `` cloud '' was apparently commonly known to the Isfahan astronomers , very probably before 905 . The first recorded mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud was also given in the Book of Fixed Stars . These were the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth . The Great Andromeda Nebula he observed was also the first true nebula to be observed , as distinct from a star cluster . He probably also cataloged the Omicron Velorum star cluster as a `` nebulous star '' , and an additional `` nebulous object '' in Vulpecula , a cluster now variously known as Al-Sufi 's Cluster , the `` Coathanger asterism '' , Brocchi 's Cluster or Collinder 399 . Moreover , he mentions the two Magellanic Clouds , and that they are not visible from Iraq nor Najd , but visible from Tihama , and that they are called al-Baqar ( the cows ) . There has not been a published English translation of the book , though it was translated into French by Hans Schjellerup in 1874 . As of March 2012 , one is in preparation by Ihsan Hafez of James Cook University , Townsville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2e8fede64de3d25e7c5215e3563f7c", "text": "Cancionero de la Colombina The Cancionero de la Colombina or Cancionero Musical de la Colombina ( CMC ) is a Spanish manuscript ( Ms. 7-1-28 ) containing Renaissance music from the second half of the 15th century . The manuscript was copied during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs , possibly between the 1460s and the 1480s . Therefore , it predates the more famous Cancionero de Palacio . The first half of the manuscript is the work of two main scribes , and the second half was completed by six other scribes . It originally comprised 106 folios , 8 of which are lost . The general condition of the remaining folios is less than satisfactory . A title added on a later period reads `` Cantilenas vulgares puestas en musica por varios Españoles '' ( Popular melodies set to music by various Spaniards ) . In 1534 it was bought by the second son of Christopher Columbus , the bibliophile Ferdinand Columbus , who added it to his rich Sevillian library of more than 15,000 volumes known by the name of `` Columbine Library '' ( in Spanish , `` Biblioteca Colombina '' ) . After his death , the library was transferred to the Seville Cathedral , where it remained up to these days . The Cancionero currently contains 95 musical settings , some of which are incomplete . Of this total , 53 remain anonymous . The authorship of several works could be established because they had been properly attributed in other cancioneros , especially the Cancionero de Palacio and the Cancionero de Montecassino . The repertory in the manuscript is varied . Among the musical genres can be found canciones , villancicos , romances and ensaladas . Many of the villancicos and canciones are sacred , mostly Marian . Two of the works are in French and 12 are liturgical compositions in Latin . There are also two short versions in Castilian of the Song of the Sibyl ( `` El Cant de la Sibil · la '' ) , nos. 73 and 91 ( `` Juysio fuerte será dado '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b5ad3c67edfef83f9e49b2cc4a37d5", "text": "St Cuthbert Gospel The St Cuthbert Gospel , also known as the Stonyhurst Gospel or the St Cuthbert Gospel of St John , is an early 8th-century pocket gospel book , written in Latin . Its finely decorated leather binding is the earliest known Western bookbinding to survive , and both the 94 vellum folios and the binding are in outstanding condition for a book of this age . With a page size of only 138 x , the St Cuthbert Gospel is one of the smallest surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts . The essentially undecorated text is the Gospel of John in Latin , written in a script that has been regarded as a model of elegant simplicity . The book takes its name from Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne , North East England , in whose tomb it was placed , probably a few years after his death in 687 . Although it was long regarded as Cuthbert 's personal copy of the Gospel , to which there are early references , and so a relic of the saint , the book is now thought to date from shortly after Cuthbert 's death . It was probably a gift from Monkwearmouth -- Jarrow Abbey , where it was written , intended to be placed in St Cuthbert 's coffin in the few decades after this was placed behind the altar at Lindisfarne in 698 . It presumably remained in the coffin through its long travels after 875 , forced by Viking invasions , ending at Durham Cathedral . The book was found inside the coffin and removed in 1104 when the burial was once again moved within the cathedral . It was kept there with other relics , and important visitors were able to wear the book in a leather bag around their necks . It is thought that after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England by Henry VIII between 1536 and 1541 , the book passed to collectors . It was eventually given to Stonyhurst College , the Jesuit school in Lancashire . From 1979 it was on long-term loan from the British province of the Jesuit order to the British Library , catalogued as Loan 74 . On 14 July 2011 the British Library launched a fundraising campaign to buy the book for # 9 million , and on 17 April 2012 announced that the purchase had been completed and the book was now British Library Additional MS 89000 . The library plans to display the Gospel for equal amounts of time in London and Durham . It describes the manuscript as `` the earliest surviving intact European book and one of the world 's most significant books '' . The Cuthbert Gospel returned to Durham to feature in exhibitions in 2013 and 2014 . In 2017 it was `` resting '' off display , but it will be in British Library 's Anglo-Saxon exhibition in autumn 2018 . A new book on the gospel was published in 2015 , incorporating the results of research since the purchase ; among other things this pushed the likely date from the late 7th to the early 8th century , perhaps as late as 730 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4", "text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2e95f57613c02d04b8f5825e7355244", "text": "Poem of Almería The Poem of Almería ( Spanish Poema de Almería ) is a medieval Latin epic poem in 385 1/2 leonine hexameters . It was appended to the end of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris , an account of the reign of Alfonso VII of León and Castile , and narrates the victorious military campaign of 1147 that culminated in the conquest of the port of Almería . The poem , as it survives , is unfinished , abruptly ending mid-line before recounting the actual siege of Almería itself . Of its surviving lines , 293 consist of `` dénombrement épique , a stirring roll-call of the chief members and contingents of the army '' . The Poem has aroused interest among scholars and critics for the light it may shed on the origins and development of vernacular epic ( the cantares de gesta ) and on the nature of Iberian aristocratic and military customs . It has been described as `` a relict of incomparable interest for the cultural archaeology of the twelfth century '' and `` a splendid reflection of its time and , in this regard , full of gold also as literature '' . Stylistically , the Poem is indebted to the parallelism of the poetry of the Hebrew Bible and to the classical models of Virgil and Ovid .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2990ea240b2a5784fb4107830f30586e", "text": "Seinfeld Seinfeld is an American sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC , from 1989 to 1998 . It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld , the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself . Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan 's Upper West Side in New York City , the show features a handful of Jerry 's friends and acquaintances , particularly best friend George Costanza ( Jason Alexander ) , former girlfriend Elaine Benes ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer ( Michael Richards ) . It is often described as being `` a show about nothing '' , as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life . Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment . In syndication , the series has been distributed by Sony Pictures Television since 2002 . It was largely written by David and Seinfeld with script writers who included Larry Charles , Peter Mehlman , Gregg Kavet , Carol Leifer , David Mandel , Jeff Schaffer , Steve Koren , Jennifer Crittenden , Tom Gammill , Max Pross , Dan O'Keefe , Charlie Rubin , Marjorie Gross , Alec Berg , Elaine Pope , and Spike Feresten . A favorite among critics , the series led the Nielsen ratings in seasons six and nine , and finished among the top two ( with NBC 's ER ) every year from 1994 to 1998 . Seinfeld is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms ever made . It has been ranked among the best television shows of all time in publications such as Entertainment Weekly , Rolling Stone , and TV Guide . The show 's most renowned episodes include `` The Chinese Restaurant '' , `` The Parking Garage '' , and `` The Contest '' . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America voted it the No. 2 Best Written TV Series of All Time ( second to The Sopranos ) . E! named the series the `` number 1 reason the '90s ruled '' , and quotes from numerous episodes have become catchphrases in popular culture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d897ff2c19bd39533084592043cd8d83", "text": "Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf480669bdcac2ef483cd2d12ee448b", "text": "Sleeper (1973 film) Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film , directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman . The plot involves the adventures of the owner of a health food store who is cryogenically frozen in 1973 and defrosted 200 years later in an ineptly led police state . The film contains many elements which parody notable works of science fiction and was made as a tribute to comedians Groucho Marx and Bob Hope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989150891e18920f11159f0a308d6d38", "text": "The Maid (Seinfeld) `` The Maid '' is the 175th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the 19th episode of the ninth and final season . It aired on April 30 , 1998 . The working title for this episode was `` The Long-Distance Relationship . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acd4303f4cedf767e915e1cf04817433", "text": "Howard West Howard West ( 1931 -- December 3 , 2015 ) was an American TV producer , best known for his work with long-term partner George Shapiro , in producing and managing Jerry Seinfeld . Together with his childhood friend from Brooklyn , George Shapiro , he was a partner in Shapiro/West and Associates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80700e82ff7beefe396eedf1ad2f2566", "text": "Jason Alexander Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23 , 1959 ) , known by his stage name Jason Alexander , is an American actor , voice actor , comedian and director . Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld . Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) and the title character in the animated series Duckman ( 1994 -- 1997 ) . Alexander has had an active career on stage , appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins ' Broadway in 1989 , for which he won the Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Musical . He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers . He was the Artistic Director of `` Reprise ! Broadway 's Best in Los Angeles '' , where he has directed several musicals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49c95b95bf0615ead1ba706ef5cc51b1", "text": "Hello, Dolly! (film) Hello , Dolly ! is a 1969 American romantic comedy musical film based on the Broadway production of the same name . Directed by Gene Kelly and adapted and produced by Ernest Lehman , the cast includes Barbra Streisand , Walter Matthau , Michael Crawford , Danny Lockin , Tommy Tune , Fritz Feld , Marianne McAndrew , E. J. Peaker and Louis Armstrong ( whose recording of the title tune had become a number-one single in May 1964 ) . The film follows the story of Dolly Levi ( a strong-willed matchmaker ) , as she travels to Yonkers , New York , to find a match for the miserly `` well-known unmarried half-a-millionaire '' Horace Vandergelder . In doing so she convinces his niece , his niece 's intended , and Horace 's two clerks to travel to New York City . The film won three Oscars for Best Art Direction , Best Score of a Musical Picture , and Best Sound Mixing and was nominated for a further four Academy Awards , including Best Picture . Although the film eventually broke even , it was not a commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e3fa8b4789184d52227ac93dca1f53", "text": "The Slicer `` The Slicer '' is the 163rd episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the seventh episode of the ninth and final season . It first aired on November 13 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15fe0f40e87306e733d7a743ae3c2203", "text": "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee is an American web series talk show created , directed and hosted by comedian Jerry Seinfeld , distributed by digital network Crackle . The series premiered on July 19 , 2012 . Episodes feature Seinfeld introducing a vintage car selected for a guest comedian , followed by a drive to a pre-selected café or restaurant for coffee . Episodes diverge from the format spontaneously , as when Michael Richards implores Seinfeld to take a side street , when Seinfeld returns after coffee with Carl Reiner to join him for dinner with Mel Brooks -- or when car trouble arises . As of May 2015 , the series had been streamed nearly 100 million times . The show 's ninth season premiered on January 5 , 2017 . That same month it was announced that the series would migrate from Crackle to Netflix , with the ninth season being the final one to premiere on Crackle . Twenty-four new episodes will stream on Netflix in 2017 and 2018 , with all previous episodes made available on the streaming service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6836e3bf88b86787d3ab3a132327ca09", "text": "When Jews Were Funny When Jews Were Funny is a 2013 documentary film by Canadian director Alan Zweig , which explores the role of Jewish comedians in the history of North American comedy and humour from the Borscht Belt to the present day . The film features interviews with and/or performance clips of a wide variety of Jewish comedy performers and writers of the 20th and 21st centuries , including Howie Mandel , Gilbert Gottfried , Rodney Dangerfield , Eugene Mirman , Marc Maron , Bob Einstein , Andy Kindler , Shelley Berman , Alan King , Judy Gold , Elon Gold , David Steinberg , Jackie Mason , Jack Carter , Norm Crosby , Henny Youngman , David Brenner , Shecky Greene , Mark Breslin , Cory Kahaney , Harrison Greenbaum , Simon Rakoff , Lisa Lambert , Larry Josephson and Michael Wex . The film premiered on September 10 , 2013 at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . It subsequently won the festival award for the year 's best Canadian feature film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0221f334ffaddaf820a682df18a4a9b7", "text": "Alec Berg Alec Berg is an American comedy writer , best known as a writer for the sitcom Seinfeld . He also co-wrote the screenplays for the films The Cat in the Hat , EuroTrip and The Dictator . In addition , Berg is an executive producer of and has directed numerous episodes of Larry David 's Curb Your Enthusiasm , and also executive produces Silicon Valley . In the Seinfeld episode `` The Face Painter '' , Berg 's name is given to an attorney friend of Jerry 's who gives Jerry some New York Rangers playoff tickets . When Jerry fails to thank Berg 's character for the tickets , Berg does not offer Jerry tickets for another game that week . In that episode , Jerry jokes that Berg has a great `` John Houseman name '' , pronouncing it jokingly in Houseman 's accent . Berg is of Swedish descent . In the Season 8 of Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Divorce , '' Larry David fires his divorce attorney Andrew Berg ( played by Paul F. Tompkins ) after he finds out that Berg is not Jewish -- as he had presumed from the name -- but , like Alec Berg , is a Catholic of Swedish heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2c996a0a0546bbae2bda7246b647a5", "text": "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' is the twenty-second episode of Family Guys third season , and the original series finale . It originally aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim on November 9 , 2003 , and on Fox on December 10 , 2004 . In the episode , Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his financial woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the idea of converting Chris to Judaism so he will be successful in life . Lois attempts to stop him , believing that success is not based on religion . `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Dan Povenmire . The episode was intended to air in 2000 as the beginning of the third season way after production was made years ago , but Fox executives were concerned about its content , believing it could be interpreted as anti-Semitic , and did not allow it to air on television . Due to popular demand , it was instead aired on Adult Swim in 2003 . This episode features guest performances from Andrea Beutener , Mark Hamill , Phil LaMarr , Ed McMahon , Peter Riegert , Mary Scheer , Ben Stein , and Nicole Sullivan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64c41535b21aa9ce905f8ceb18950a0", "text": "Halloween (children's book) Halloween is a 2002 children 's book written by Jerry Seinfeld and illustrated by James Bennett . It is a humorous description of an American Halloween from a child 's point of view , from bad trick-or-treat candy to pajama-like costumes , based on the author 's childhood experiences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1616fcb130d8406ef1190cdfa3f7a2d", "text": "Hollywood or Bust Hollywood or Bust is a 1956 film comedy starring the team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis . The picture was filmed from April 16 to June 19 , 1956 and released on December 6 , 1956 by Paramount Pictures , almost five months after the Martin and Lewis partnership split up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "682202f77a3b3827f215a2b3ca9db5da", "text": "National Lampoon's Movie Madness National Lampoon 's Movie Madness is an American comedy film produced by National Lampoon as the second film from the magazine . The film was originally produced under the title National Lampoon Goes to the Movies ; completed in 1981 , the film was not released until 1983 , and was reedited and retitled as Movie Madness . Movie Madness consists of three short segments which satirize personal growth films , glossy soap operas , and police stories . The first two segments of the film , Growing Yourself and Success Wanters , were directed by Bob Giraldi , while the film 's final segment , Municipalians , was directed by Henry Jaglom . Its title song , `` Going to the Movies '' , was sung by Dr. John . The film was a critical failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c91f5c4ab38887acd6f0c27969f5f76b", "text": "Jack Paar Jack Harold Paar ( May 1 , 1918 -- January 27 , 2004 ) was an American author , radio and television comedian and talk show host , best known for his stint as host of The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962 . Time magazine 's obituary of him noted that : `` His fans would remember him as the fellow who split talk show history into two eras : Before Paar and Below Paar . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a9a3059cdf84a29f06852b8524f0dd68", "text": "House of Telcontar In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien , the House of Telcontar , previously the House of Elendil , is the Royal House of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor . The House was founded by Aragorn II during the War of the Ring , who was the last surviving Heir of Elendil , and took the throne under the name Elessar . The name of the House finds its origin in Quenya , one of the Elvish languages . During the War of the Ring , Peregrin Took , a companion of Aragorn 's in The Fellowship of the Ring , became a member of the elite Citadel Guard at Minas Tirith , capital of Gondor . When Lord Aragorn entered the city , Peregrin persisted in familiarly referring to Aragorn by the nickname he had garnered as a Ranger of the North : `` Strider '' , even in front of foreign dignitaries such as King Éomer of Rohan . Aragorn was amused , and decided that the name of the lineage he founded would be `` Telcontar '' , which translates as `` Strider '' in Quenya . Members of the House of Telcontar are referred to as the `` Telcóntari '' ( Striders ) , the plural of Telcontar in Quenya . Aragorn then took the royal name `` Elessar '' ( translated as Elfstone in Quenya ) . With Queen Arwen , King Elessar reigned for 120 years , before finally surrendering his life . This long reign is attributed to Elessar 's descent from the Men of Númenor , who are blessed with long life ( he was 88 when he took the throne ) . He rebuilt the old capital Annúminas in Arnor and later ruled from this northern capital , although the old capital Minas Tirith was still of great political importance . Elessar had one known son , Eldarion , and an unspecified number of daughters . King Elessar was buried with great honour in Minas Tirith . King Eldarion ( his name meaning `` from the Elves '' in reference to his mother Arwen ) was `` full ripe for kingship '' at the time , and ruled for an unspecified amount of time well into the Fourth Age of Men . Little is known of Eldarion , save that he left heirs to continue the House of Telcontar after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999bbe2c830afff3f017d608800f4462", "text": "Barahir Barahir is a fictional character in the Middle-earth universe of the English author J. R. R. Tolkien . He appears in The Silmarillion , the epic poem The Lay of Leithian and the Grey Annals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cffade99f6ae0bbf0731716c9f8755", "text": "The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 . Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles . Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends . Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579007e1146648fecb610a8b357e7e45", "text": "Angmar Angmar ( Sindarin : ` Iron-home ' ; pronounced -LSB- - artˈaŋmar -RSB- ) is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien 's continent of Middle-earth , at the north end of the Misty Mountains . It was used by the Lord of the Ringwraiths as a base from which to attack the kingdoms of the Dúnedain in the North , all of which were eventually destroyed . Angmar itself was subsequently destroyed by combined armies of men and elves shortly thereafter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64f26d241143f53ff00f46b88c69c794", "text": "Jack Staff Jack Staff is a British superhero created by comic book writer/artist Paul Grist . Billed as `` Britain 's Greatest Hero '' , it is known for being in the style of an anthology title and for its multi-linear plotlines . He first saw print in comics published by Paul Grist 's Dancing Elephant Press , and is now published by Image Comics . Comics International began exclusive publication of a monthly four-page strip featuring the supporting character Ben Kulmer ( the Claw ) ; this started in # 185 of the magazine and was set to run for twelve episodes . These strips have since been reprinted by Image Comics in a special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f0b9221fb914a8f6bdd381b624da0a7", "text": "Christopher Tolkien Christopher John Reuel Tolkien ( born 21 November 1924 ) is the third son of the author J. R. R. Tolkien ( 1892 -- 1973 ) , and is best known as the editor of much of his father 's posthumously published work . He drew the original maps for his father 's The Lord of the Rings , which he signed C. J. R. T.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c64b517a0a455fa55365c090ea100ba0", "text": "Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game) Lego The Lord of the Rings is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller 's Tales , that was released on Nintendo 3DS , Nintendo DS , PlayStation Vita , Microsoft Windows , Wii , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The OS X version of the game , published by Feral Interactive , was released on 21 February 2013 . Based on The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , the game follows the original but spoofed storylines of The Fellowship of the Ring , The Two Towers , and The Return of the King , taking players through the epic story events , `` re-imagined with the humour and endless variety of Lego play '' . The game utilises music and voice acting taken from all three films of the film trilogy . Developer Traveller 's Tales has stated they toned down the slapstick humor found in other Lego-licensed titles . The game follows the events in the films ; however , like the Lego Star Wars series , some scenes from the films have been altered to become more family friendly or just provide comic relief to the player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce007bc7bd6876b62dde384f7bb8ab7", "text": "Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings . Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 . Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set . The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cf4261e8e17de63376ab0aaedee99a7", "text": "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen is a story written by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien . It can be found in Appendix A of Tolkien 's most famous book , The Lord of the Rings . It takes place in the Third Age of the author 's fictional universe , Middle-earth . The tale tells the story of the love of the mortal Man Aragorn and the immortal Elf-maiden Arwen . In Tolkien 's fictional universe , the tale was written by Faramir and Éowyn 's grandson Barahir after Aragorn 's death . An abbreviated version of the tale was included in the copy of the Thain 's Book made by Findegil in . The tale tells of Aragorn 's first meeting with Arwen at Rivendell and of their later meeting in Lothlórien , where Arwen chose a mortal life and pledged her love to Aragorn . It also tells of Aragorn 's death in and of Arwen 's death a year later . The short version of `` The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen '' can be found in Appendix A of The Lord of the Rings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f3dc620112aa88bdb901b0982e067ae", "text": "The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late is the imagined original ditty that is recorded in ` our time ' as the simplified nursery rhyme `` Hey Diddle Diddle '' . The supposed original was invented ( by back formation ) by J. R. R. Tolkien . The title of this version is given in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil . In the Inn at Bree ( `` At the Sign of the Prancing Pony '' , The Fellowship of the Ring Chapter 9 ) Frodo jumps on a table and recites `` a ridiculous song '' invented by Bilbo . `` Here it is in full , '' said Tolkien . `` Only a few words of it are now , as a rule , remembered . '' There follows the tale , in thirteen ballad-like five-line stanzas , introducing each element in turn : `` the Man in the Moon '' himself , the ostler 's `` tipsy cat / that plays a five-stringed fiddle '' , the little dog , the `` hornéd cow '' and the silver dishes and spoons . Note that the cow is able to jump over the Moon with ease because the Man in the Moon has temporarily brought it down to Earth . Tom Shippey cites this 1923 poem and its mate , `` The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon '' ( also from 1923 , also subsequently included in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil ) as typical examples of Tolkien 's working strategy for reconstructing philological information about sources now lost . In this case the question is : what lies behind the abbreviated version of this poem that survives as a well-known but nonsensical nursery rhyme ? By imagining a text that might reasonably have left the surviving rhyme , one can deduce clues that might have left other artifacts in surviving literature . Shippey argues that many of the scenarios in Tolkien 's more serious work are similar recreations ( '' ` asterisk ' poems '' in Shippey 's phrase ) , attempting to explain abstruse passages in surviving Old English and Old Norse texts , especially from Beowulf . The Extended Edition of The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey has Bofur singing this song at Elrond 's feast . According to screen writer Philippa Boyens the song could either being made up by Bilbo and taught it to Bofur or the other way around .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3c9cb337609e9b985e144c118078ec", "text": "Parzival Parzival is a medieval German romance written by the poet Wolfram von Eschenbach in Middle High German . The poem , commonly dated to the first quarter of the 13th century , centers on the Arthurian hero Parzival ( Percival in English ) and his long quest for the Holy Grail following his initial failure to achieve it . Parzival begins with the knightly adventures of Parzival 's father , Gahmuret , his marriage to Herzeloyde ( Middle High German herzeleide , `` heart 's sorrow '' ) , and the birth of Parzival . The story continues as Parzival meets three elegant knights , decides to seek King Arthur , and continues a spiritual and physical search for the Grail . A long section is devoted to Parzival 's friend Gawan and his adventures defending himself from a false murder charge and winning the hand of the maiden Orgeluse . Among the most striking elements of the work are its emphasis on the importance of humility , compassion , sympathy and the quest for spirituality . A major theme in Parzival is love : heroic acts of chivalry are inspired by true love , which is ultimately fulfilled in marriage . The romance was the most popular vernacular verse narrative in medieval Germany , and continues to be read and translated into modern languages around the world . Wolfram began a prequel , Titurel , which was later continued by another writer , while two full romances were written adapting Wolfram 's story of Loherangrin . Richard Wagner based his famous opera Parsifal , finished in 1882 , on Parzival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ca1d13d229406d56ea8bf38d27e6562", "text": "Huorn The Huorns are fictional characters from J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . They are described as `` trees '' that can speak to Ents and are capable of locomotion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1faf3b7c38c0d189ac567a47c6d84058", "text": "The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring The Lord of the Rings : War of the Ring is a 2003 real-time strategy game ( RTS ) developed by Liquid Entertainment , the makers of the previous Battle Realms and its expansion , Winter of the Wolf , and published by Sierra Entertainment . Set in J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth , it expands upon the events of the War of the Ring as told in his fantasy novel , The Lord of the Rings . Unlike the later RTS The Lord of the Rings : The Battle for Middle-earth by Electronic Arts , War of the Ring is unrelated to the films by Peter Jackson . The game is officially licensed by Tolkien Enterprises , as are other book-based ( as opposed to film-based ) Tolkien games such as The Fellowship of the Ring and The Hobbit ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e7964d4465137956d15ccb6aee60e5", "text": "Music Inspired by Watership Down Music Inspired by Watership Down is a progressive rock album by Swedish musician Bo Hansson . The album is Hansson 's fourth solo album and is , as its name suggests , built around musical ideas inspired by Richard Adams ' heroic fantasy novel Watership Down . It was the second album of Hansson 's to have been based on a novel ; his first solo album , Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings , had likewise been based on J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings . Hansson had already composed and released a musical suite inspired by Watership Down on his previous album Attic Thoughts . However , beyond its title , the Music Inspired by Watership Down album contains few overt references to the novel and instead features excerpts from the works of various poets , such as John Keats and Alexander Pope . Music Inspired by Watership Down was originally released in Sweden as El-Ahrairah by YTF Records in 1977 . This title was taken directly from the pages of Watership Down , with El-Ahrairah being the name of a trickster , folk hero-deity rabbit , known as `` The Prince with a Thousand Enemies '' . The album was subsequently released with its English title by Charisma Records in the United Kingdom and Sire Records in the United States , but it failed to chart on either side of the Atlantic . Music Inspired by Watership Down was reissued on CD in 2004 by Virgin Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cef5a4e00620352b5c1deb70a01d6eb", "text": "Jack Upland Jack Upland or Jack up Lande ( c. 1389 -- 96 ? ) is a polemical , probably Lollard , literary work which can be seen as a `` sequel '' to Piers Plowman , with Antichrist attacking Christians through corrupt confession . Jack asks a `` flattering friar '' ( cf. Piers Plowmans `` Friar Flatterer '' ) nearly seventy questions attacking the mendicant orders and exposing their distance from scriptural truth . Two extant works respond to Jack 's questions : Responsiones ad Questiones LXV ( before 1396 ) and Friar Daw 's Reply ( Digby 41 , c. 1420 ) . The latter text blasts John Wycliffe as one of history 's major heretics . Responding to Friar Daw , an unknown author wrote Upland 's Rejoinder , which survives in Digby 41 , in the margins surrounding Friar Daw 's Reply . Upland 's Rejoinder intensifies the level of invective : Daw is said to recruit the young sons of true-living plowmen to become ( paradoxically ) `` worldly beggars , '' apostates against true rule , and sodomites . Jack Upland was printed by itself in an octavo edition c. 1536 -- 40 by John Gough ( STC 5098 ) . John Foxe 's Acts and Monuments ( 1563 , 1570 ) reprinted Jack Upland and attributed it to Geoffrey Chaucer . Thomas Speght 's 1602 edition of Chaucer 's Works ( STC 5080 ) included Jack Upland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d5e90fe706887f2cd1707666c56100e", "text": "Eru Ilúvatar Eru Ilúvatar is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . He is introduced in The Silmarillion as the supreme being of the universe , creator of all existence . In Tolkien 's invented Elvish language Quenya , Eru means `` The One '' , or `` He that is Alone '' and Ilúvatar signifies `` Father of All '' . The names appear in Tolkien 's work both in isolation and paired ( Eru Ilúvatar ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f9e5bb611d509fe1edfe47e2459b183", "text": "Layamon Layamon or Laghamon ( -LSB- ˈleɪəmən -RSB- -LSB- - enmˈlaɣamon -RSB- ) - spelled Laȝamon or Laȝamonn in his time , occasionally written Lawman - was a poet of the late 12th/early 13th century and author of the Brut , a notable work that was the first to present the legends of Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table in English poetry . J. R. R. Tolkien valued him as a transmitter of early English legends in a fashion comparable to the role played with respect to Icelandic legend by Snorri Sturluson .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7167e7578a6a5de19b1adc5feb31da65", "text": "The Rookie (2002 film) The Rookie is a 2002 sports drama film directed by John Lee Hancock and produced by Walt Disney Pictures . It is based on the true story of Jim Morris , who had a brief , but famous Major League Baseball career in 1999 -- 2000 . The film stars Dennis Quaid , Rachel Griffiths , Jay Hernandez , and Brian Cox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f6b5e27100dc6925a0dff28a3fdfc6e", "text": "Dennis Quaid Dennis William Quaid ( born April 9 , 1954 ) is an American actor known for a wide variety of dramatic and comedic roles . First gaining widespread attention in the 1980s , his career rebounded in the 1990s after he overcame an addiction to drugs and an eating disorder . Some of his notable credits include Breaking Away , The Right Stuff , Wyatt Earp , The Rookie , The Day After Tomorrow , Traffic , Vantage Point , Footloose , Frequency , The Parent Trap , Yours , Mine & Ours and Soul Surfer . For his role in Far from Heaven ( 2002 ) he won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor and several other accolades .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1871f60881d7736f68f8b1c0141e02dc", "text": "Bullshot (film) Bullshot is a 1983 film , based on the stage play Bullshot Crummond . The name comes from a parody of the 1929 film , on which it is loosely based , Bulldog Drummond . Captain Hugh `` Bullshot '' Crummond ( Alan Shearman ) is a World War I fighter pilot , Olympic athlete , racing driver , and part-time sleuth . He must save the world from the dastardly Count Otto van Bruno ( Ronald E. House ) , his wartime adversary , and win the heart of the damsel in distress ( Diz White ) . The film was produced by George Harrison 's company Handmade Films . Alan Shearman would reprise his association with Handmade Films in their 1985 film Water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6171ad9e66b5b119b5b4b469735fe8ca", "text": "The Walt Disney Company CIS The Walt Disney Company CIS , LLC is one of The Walt Disney Company 's international divisions . The Walt Disney Company CIS was founded in April 2006 . It is headquartered in Moscow , the capital of Russia . In 2007 , Walt Disney Company CIS and Sony Pictures Russia created the joint venture of Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing CIS . The company owns and operates Russian versions of Disney Channel and Playhouse Disney . Disney Channel was originally planned to launch in 2009 , but a Disney Americas deal with Media-One Holdings was denied by Russian authorities . The Walt Disney Company CIS produced the film The Book of Masters . Marina Zhigalova-Ozkan is head of The Walt Disney Company CIS . The Walt Disney Company CIS planned to make two new films in the summer of 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b81662afbcb3753d694d1c0bd2985ca", "text": "Pulp (2012 film) Pulp is a British comedy film directed by Adam Hamdy and Shaun Magher , starring Jay Sutherland and John Thomson On March 2013 it was released exclusively on Xbox Live , becoming the first feature film to be distributed via a games console platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c167832a97ddec1fdab8d7a51479dd", "text": "The Gnome-Mobile The Gnome-Mobile is a 1967 Walt Disney Productions comedy-fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson . It was one of the last films personally produced by Walt Disney . It was based on a 1936 book by Upton Sinclair titled The Gnomobile . Walter Brennan plays a dual role as D.J. Mulrooney , the kind-hearted lumber tycoon of Irish descent ; and as the irascible 943-year-old gnome Knobby . The children , Elizabeth and Rodney , were played by Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber , familiar from their roles as Jane and Michael Banks in Mary Poppins . Tom Lowell who plays the young gnome Jasper in this movie , also appeared in the 1965 Disney film That Darn Cat ! as Canoe , the befuddled surfer boyfriend of Hayley Mills . The Gnome-Mobile was both Matthew Garber and Ed Wynn 's last movie role . Wynn died of throat cancer before the movie was released and Garber died ten years later , having contracted hepatitis while visiting India . Richard and Robert Sherman contributed the song `` Gnome Mobile . '' The Gnome-Mobile was re-released theatrically on November 5 , 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85de64213596aa316c9a5d0db134a88a", "text": "Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6476c02087c6f673435944170c5928b", "text": "Moving Day (1936 film) Moving Day is a 1936 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists . The cartoon , set during the contemporary Great Depression , follows the antics of Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck , and Goofy as they frantically pack their belongings after being dispossessed from their home . The film was directed by Ben Sharpsteen and includes the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey , Clarence Nash as Donald , Pinto Colvig as Goofy , and Billy Bletcher as Pete as the Sheriff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "940e7f3cb55fca666b6b0e6c5d5b6a29", "text": "Donald's Decision Donald 's Decision ( aka Walt Disney 's Donald 's Decision ) is a 1942 four-minute educational short animated film made by the Walt Disney Studios , for the National Film Board of Canada . The film was released theatrically on January 11 , 1942 as part of a series of four films directed at the Canadian public to buy war bonds during the Second World War . Donald 's Decision was directed by Ford Beebe , and featured the voice talent of Clarence `` Ducky '' Nash as `` Donald Duck '' and Thelma Boardman as the `` Angel '' ( 1942 ) as Donald wrestles with his conscience , to do the right thing . Although in production prior to the Attack on Pearl Harbor , the film is an example of a World War II propaganda film . Donald 's Decision re-uses animation from the Disney cartoon short Donald 's Better Self ( 1938 ) and Self Control ( 1938 ) , that also featured Donald 's struggles between an angelic and demonic version of himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba186929e6828a958a1954e070a7651c", "text": "Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions . The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f48463da786808ac8836cd6bc0c9b9e6", "text": "Cured Duck Cured Duck is a 1945 American animated cartoon produced by Walt Disney and directed by Jack King . It stars Clarence Nash as the voice of Donald and Gloria Blondell as the voice of Daisy , respectively . The cartoon features Donald going to visit Daisy , but his temper control problems cause him to wreck the house and get kicked out . To cure himself of his temper , he gets a machine that proceeds to deliver physical and angering abuse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e9935752f4db8d70fe09381f0fdecc", "text": "The Mighty Ducks The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek , starring Emilio Estevez . It was produced by The Kerner Entertainment Company and Avnet -- Kerner Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the first film in the Mighty Ducks trilogy . In the UK , South Africa and Australia , the film was retitled Champions . Subsequently , UK home releases are now titled The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions , reflecting both titles , as well as to possibly avoid confusion with the sequel ( retitled as just The Mighty Ducks ) . The year after the film 's release , an NHL hockey club , named the `` Mighty Ducks '' in reference to the film , was founded in Anaheim , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f49411a96d42e53eb01593dae0cfeba1", "text": "The Emperor's New Groove The Emperor 's New Groove is a 2000 American animated buddy slapstick comedy film created by Walt Disney Feature Animation . It is the 40th film in Disney 's animated features canon . It was directed by Mark Dindal , produced by Randy Fullmer , written by David Reynolds , and stars David Spade , John Goodman , Eartha Kitt , Patrick Warburton and Wendie Malick . The film follows a teenage emperor who is transformed into a llama by his ex-advisor and henchwoman . In order for the emperor to change back into a human , he trusts a village leader who escorts him back to the palace . It was altered significantly over its six years of development and production . It began as a musical epic titled Kingdom of the Sun , to have been directed by Dindal and Roger Allers ( co-director of The Lion King ) , and was changed by Disney executives into a light-hearted buddy comedy . The documentary The Sweatbox details the production troubles that the film endured . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` My Funny Friend and Me '' performed by Sting , but lost to `` Things Have Changed '' by Bob Dylan from Wonder Boys . The film was followed by a direct-to-video sequel Kronk 's New Groove ( 2005 ) , and an animated television series The Emperor 's New School ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50b0bfbf5ed4fa084f8cfbb70a5bd7b", "text": "List of Disney live-action shorts This is a listing of live-action motion picture shorts produced by Walt Disney or The Walt Disney Company , from 1921 to the present . This list only includes shorts which were initially released as individual shorts , which excludes the shorts that were originally released as part of Disney features in the 1950s and later re-released as individual shorts . This list also does not include shorts that do not contain any original stock footage . This list includes shorts with both live action and animation only if the majority of the short contains live action . This list does not include any trailers as they are usually edited from the features they are supposed to promote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefc2b4d209805028b4fd78520569aae", "text": "The Shaggy Dog (1994 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 1994 American made-for-television fantasy-comedy film and a remake of the 1959 film of the same name produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on November 12 , 1994 as part of The Wonderful World of Disney . It is the first in a series of four remakes of classic Disney films produced for broadcast on ABC during the 1994 -- 95 television season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b056ba25348c1a8ebb2934fbefec14e3", "text": "Boardwalk Empire Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO . The series is set in Atlantic City , New Jersey during the Prohibition era and stars Steve Buscemi as Nucky Thompson . Winter , a Primetime Emmy Award-winning screenwriter and producer , created the show , inspired by the book Boardwalk Empire : The Birth , High Times , and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson about historical criminal kingpin Enoch L. Johnson . The pilot episode was directed by Martin Scorsese and produced at a cost of $ 18 million . On September 1 , 2009 , HBO picked up the series for an additional 11 episodes . The series premiered on September 19 , 2010 , and completed its five-season run on October 26 , 2014 . Boardwalk Empire received widespread critical acclaim , particularly for its visual style and basis on historical figures , as well as for Buscemi 's lead performance . The series received 57 Primetime Emmy Award nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series , winning 20 . The series also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama in 2011 and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 and 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4621d0953097b10281877f7a9f0d03a3", "text": "Canned Film Festival The Canned Film Festival is a comedy-based motion picture television series that was nationally syndicated during the late night hours in the United States for a single season in the summer of 1986 . With only a one-letter difference in the spelling , the name is an intentional play on the name for the Cannes Film Festival , the annual world-renowned film-screening celebration in Cannes , France . Not to be confused with the latter , the Canned Film Festival featured B movies as the centerpiece for each television episode , and was composed of short vignettes interwoven throughout the films . Boasting the tagline `` late night with the best of the worst '' , the series was promoted and sponsored by the Dr Pepper Company , whose then-tagline `` out-of-the-ordinary '' echoed the show 's collection of odd and strange movies . The series was created by Young & Rubicam , developed for television by Chelsea Communications , and distributed by LBS Communications . Although similar in style to the successful Mystery Science Theater 3000 series that aired a few years later , the Canned Film Festival differed in that its comedy scenes occurred strictly during the commercial intermissions instead of adding peanut gallery type satire during the actual run of the movies . In addition , the script , although comedic in nature , often reflected upon the serious contextual and cultural subjects contained in the featured movies , sometimes providing historical insight into their production . An example is seen during the episode featuring Project Moonbase , where female spaceship commanders were discussed as an accurate future prediction by the 1950s era movie , as were cordless telephones and big screen televisions . The featured B movies of the series were not full-length , and edited to fit the show 's approximately two-hour timeframe per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a650f22f11f2924aeb851770c858028", "text": "List of Boardwalk Empire characters The following is a list of characters from the HBO television show Boardwalk Empire . The show dramatizes the prohibition era in Atlantic City and the early history of the American Mafia . Many of the characters on the show are fictional . Some are ( loosely ) based on historical figures ; of these , some use the name of the person upon which they are based , while others have had their names changed for the program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6474f9e275a6101aafca1d7cb6c4941", "text": "Roman Empire: Reign of Blood Roman Empire : Reign of Blood is a docuseries based on historical events . The six-part miniseries derives its origins from the historical Roman Empire and tells the story of Commodus . Jeremiah Murphy and Peter Sherman collaborated on writing the miniseries , with Richard Lopez directing . It premiered on Netflix on November 11 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71e6b3a9d8084b492d6b1f06fc68caed", "text": "Coney Island USA Coney Island USA is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit arts organization founded in 1980 that is dedicated to the cultural and economic revitalization of the Coney Island neighborhood of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City . Its landmark building in the heart Coney Island 's amusement district houses a theater in which the organization presents `` Sideshows by the Seashore '' , a showcase for performers with unusual talents that runs continuously during the warmer months , as well as the Coney Island Museum . It is also notable as the organizer of the annual Coney Island Mermaid Parade , the first of which took place in 1983 . The Coney Island Museum features artifacts and memorabilia about the amusement park , beach and neighborhood 's history and culture , as well as changing exhibits of art and culture . The museum is open seasonally . Coney Island USA was founded in 1980 by Costa Mantis , Jane Savitt-Tennen and Dick D. Zigun . Coney Island USA is governed by a Board of Directors currently composed of Jeff Birnbaum , Mark Alhadeff , Jane Crotty , Kate Dale , Carol Spawn Desmond , John di Domenico , Harris M. Falk , Marie Roberts , James Quigley , Anita Durst , Jon Dohlin , David Loewy , Lisa Mangels , Dick D. Zigun and James Fitzsimmons . Legal Advice is provided by Gibson , Dunn & Crutscher , LLP , Morgan , Lewis & Bockius , LLP and Frankfurt , Kurnit , Klein & Selz , PC ; financial advice is provided by Chris Yeboa , CPA , Yeboa & Lawrence , CPAs , & Business Consultants . Coney Island USA is funded , in part , by the Lily Auchincloss Foundation , the Carnegie Corporation , the Fund for the City of New York ; the Independence Community Foundation , the Lemberg Foundation , the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs , the New York Community Trust , the New York Council for the Humanities , the New York State Council on the Arts , Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams , New York City Councilman Mark Treyger and its members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88eb1f1829b323bdc69f6c1ca0c1fbd0", "text": "Danny Burstein Danny Burstein ( born June 16 , 1964 ) is an American actor of stage and screen , who made his Broadway debut in 1992 . He is a six-time Tony Award nominee ; for The Drowsy Chaperone ( 2006 ) , South Pacific ( 2008 ) , Follies ( 2012 ) , Golden Boy ( 2013 ) , Cabaret ( 2014 ) and Fiddler on the Roof ( 2016 ) . He has also won two Drama Desk Awards , three Outer Critics Circle Awards , and received two Grammy Award nominations . His other Broadway credits include The Seagull ( 1992 ) , Saint Joan ( 1993 ) , and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown ( 2010 ) . Burstein 's television work includes a feature-length episode of the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous ( 2002 ) ; a Staten Island father in the first season of Louie ( 2010 ) ; he appeared as different characters in six episodes of the original NBC drama series Law & Order ( 1995 -- 2015 ) , and played the recurring part of Lolly Steinman on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010 -- 11 ) . His film appearances include Transamerica ( 2005 ) , Deception ( 2008 ) , The Family Fang ( 2015 ) and Indignation ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0b813faaff83452ca7dd7cf6e2b7169", "text": "Odeon Cinemas Odeon is a cinema company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , which along with UCI Cinemas is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Britain in 1930 . The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928 , in Brierley , Staffordshire , although initially called `` Picture House '' . The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch 's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930 . Ten years later Odeon was part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years . Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group . Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006 . Terra Firma sold the company to AMC Theatres in November 2016 . In 2016 , Odeon was the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share ( although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ebd1277451958a5b098f3c027fbb751", "text": "Aquarius (U.S. TV series) Aquarius is an American period crime drama television series created by John McNamara for NBC . The show aired from May 28 , 2015 , to September 10 , 2016 . In 2015 , the series was among seven others to receive the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series . On October 1 , 2016 , NBC cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d897ff2c19bd39533084592043cd8d83", "text": "Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b3590337bb1b2027716487cf0fd6b7f", "text": "The Lost Empire The Lost Empire may refer to : Tarzan and the Lost Empire , a 1929 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs Lost Empires ( novel ) , a 1965 novel by J. B. Priestley Lost Empires , a 1986 television miniseries adapted from the Priestley novel The Lost Empire ( 1983 film ) , a fantasy adventure directed by Jim Wynorski The Lost Empire , alternate title for the 2001 NBC/SciFi Channel television mini-series The Monkey King Atlantis : The Lost Empire , a 2001 Disney animated feature Atlantis : The Lost Empire ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack album of the Disney film Atlantis : The Lost Empire ( video game ) , a game based on the Disney film Lost Empire , a 2007 turn-based strategy computer game by Pollux Gamelabs Lost Empire ( novel ) , a 2010 adventure novel by Clive Cussler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a9f1ae4e3aa3e8081e50d75c271811f0", "text": "Lance Armstrong Lance Edward Armstrong ( born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18 , 1971 ) is an American former professional road racing cyclist . Armstrong is the 1993 professional world champion , and won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005 . However , in 2012 , he was banned from sanctioned Olympic sports for life as a result of long-term doping offenses . As part of those sanctions , all results going back to August 1998 , including his seven Tour wins , were voided . At age 16 , Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 . In 1992 , Armstrong began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola team . He had notable success between 1993 and 1996 , including the World Championship in 1993 , Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995 , Tour DuPont in 1995 and 1996 , and a handful of stage victories in Europe , including stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France . In 1996 , he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal metastatic testicular cancer . After his recovery , he founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation ( now the Livestrong Foundation ) to assist other cancer survivors . Returning to cycling in 1998 , he was a member of the US Postal/Discovery team between 1998 and 2005 , when he won his Tour de France titles , as well as a bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics . Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the 2005 Tour de France , but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in January 2009 , finishing third in the 2009 Tour de France later that year . Between 2010 and 2011 , he raced with Team Radio Shack , the UCI ProTeam he helped found . He retired for a second time in 2011 . Armstrong had been the subject of doping allegations ever since winning the 1999 Tour de France . In 2012 , a United States Anti-Doping Agency investigation concluded that Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs over the course of his career and named him as the ringleader of `` the most sophisticated , professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen . '' Armstrong chose not to contest the charges , citing the potential toll on his family . As a result , he received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti-Doping Code -- effectively ending his competitive career . He was also stripped of all of his achievements from August 1998 onward , including his seven Tour de France titles . The Union Cycliste Internationale upheld USADA 's decision and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders . Armstrong chose not to appeal the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport . In a 2013 interview , Armstrong confessed that some of the allegations were true . He has declined to testify about the full extent of his use of the drugs . In the aftermath of his fall from grace , a CNN article wrote that `` The epic downfall of cycling 's star , once an idolized icon of millions around the globe , stands out in the history of professional sports . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a49360d47fcb9ae49900045c14bcc3c", "text": "Positively False Positively False is the autobiography by 2006 Tour de France champion Floyd Landis , published in June , 2007 The book was written by Floyd Landis in association with Loren Mooney ( the executive editor of Bicycling Magazine ) and is put forward as the `` Real story of how I ( Landis ) won the Tour De France '' . The opening chapters outline Landis ' upbringing in a Mennonite community in Farmersville , Pennsylvania . The Mennonites are similar to the Amish community , but embrace modern culture to a greater extent than the Amish . Landis tells us how his cycling initially caused some friction in his family but how his mother and father ended up supporting his ambitions to become a professional cyclist and eventually watched him win the Tour De France . The book takes us through his early associations with various mountain biking teams and his transition into a world class road racer who eventually becomes Lance Armstrong 's most dependable domestique on the US Postal cycling team helping Armstrong to win the 2002 , 2003 and 2004 Tours . Landis mentions his right hip problems throughout the book . In 2003 he broke his hip in a cycling accident and it never really recovered . Landis did however manage to cycle four tours ( and win one in the process ) on a right hip bone that was slowly disintegrating and rotting away . He put off surgery in order to win the 2006 TDF even though he could barely walk , but eventually succumbed to the knife in Sept 2006 and had the hip replaced . Landis states that his ultimate aim will be to form a Floyd Landis Foundation whose aim will be to inform people about Severe Avascular Necrosis , the condition which attacked his hip . The relationship between Landis and Armstrong is explored in great detail , from the earliest days when it appears that Landis was in awe of Armstrong to the eventual break up of their relationship in 2004-05 when Landis displayed his own ambitions to become leader of a team . Landis writes that Armstrong was `` The Boss '' of the professional cycling peloton and crushed any sign of personal ambition in any of his team mates . There was no room for anyone with a bigger ego or bigger ideas than Armstrong and Landis , it appears , had both . Landis led something of a revolt in the US Postal team by asking and exposing what each rider was earning , and when he did not consider he was being paid what he was worth Landis went looking elsewhere . Landis describes how US Postal tried to undermine his negotiations with the Phonak cycling squad by suggesting that Landis had signed a new contract with them ( which was untrue ) , however Landis ended up as team leader of Phonak after Tyler Hamilton tested positive for doping and went into the 2006 Tour de France as one of the favorites . Surprisingly the 2006 Tour is not covered in huge detail until we get to the time of Landis ' positive test after Stage 17 . During Stage 16 , while wearing the yellow jersey , Landis has a disastrous stage and loses time to second-placed rider Oscar Pereiro . Landis describes how he `` has nothing to lose '' and attacks from the start of Stage 17 , eventually winning it by over 8 minutes and ultimately reclaiming the yellow jersey and the overall TDF title . Unfortunately for Landis , the urine sample he provides after Stage 17 shows an abnormally high level of synthetic testosterone ( not occurring naturally in the body ) , but he does not get to know about this until after the tour has finished . Landis goes into great detail of how wronged he feels and how devastated he , his wife Amber , and his team are . He is sacked by Phonak and has not raced on the road since . The last few chapters describe his fight against the cycling authorities . The World Anti Doping Association ( WADA ) and its president Dick Pound come in for some particular criticism , with Landis describing them as Judge , Jury and Executioner and labeling Pound as `` a liar '' who attempted to smear Landis by allegedly releasing information to the media undermining Landis ' case . Pound apparently came up with the nickname `` Roid Floyd '' for Landis , the Roid part obviously referring to steroids . Landis states that the positive test was not `` a positive '' test at all , but was flawed and that his samples were mishandled by the French lab that carried out the tests . Landis describes how his defense team spent months going over the 370 page evidential packet from WADA and numbered many errors that the French lab appears to have made . He explains that he was seen by the USADA ( United States anti doping agency ) as `` guilty until proven innocent '' and warned by the UCI ( world cycling federation ) not to fight the case because he would lose and be bankrupted . Floyd does not attempt to explain why he tested positive because he ca n't , but strenuously denies doping . The warning he receives proves to be prophetic as Landis explains that his defense has cost him over a million dollars and led to the formation of the Floyd Fairness Fund which aims to ensure that no one has to go through what Landis has had to because of what he claims is a flawed doping procedure . The book ends with Landis expressing hope of acquittal . Landis was stripped of his TDF title in September 2007 ; in May 2010 he confessed to doping and accused Lance Armstrong of doing the same , contradicting the entire premise of the book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dbe54ac178a5f49487faa337ed837e", "text": "Bill Armstrong (ice hockey, born 1966) William Harold Armstrong ( born June 25 , 1966 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player . He played in one National Hockey League ( NHL ) game for the Philadelphia Flyers during the 1990 -- 91 NHL season and spent the rest of his professional career in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and International Hockey League ( IHL ) . Armstrong played collegiately at Western Michigan University from 1986 -- 1989 . His playing career was cut short due to a brain tumor which required surgery . He invented the `` Michigan '' dangling maneuver notably used by Mike Legg , Sidney Crosby , Miks Indrašis and Mikael Granlund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12b88290370a03ad527aa2917a82b396", "text": "The Diamond Troupe The Diamond Troupe was the concert party of the 29th Division ( United Kingdom ) , a First World War infantry division within the British Army . Also known as the `` Incomparable Division '' , the 29th was formed in 1915 by combining units that had previously been acting as garrisons about the British Empire . The division fought throughout the Gallipoli Campaign and , from 1916 to the end of the war , on the Western Front in France . Concert parties were an integral element of the war effort ; and by 1917 , virtually every division had at least one . They mirrored the Pierrot troupes of music halls and seaside resorts , offering soldiers a respite from war , reminding them of home , and providing a neutral outlet to air grievances about `` food , conditions , and sergeants '' . The Diamond Troupe was one of a small number of concert parties to achieve considerable notoriety , both on the battlefield and at home . Its success was due to a combination of factors , not the least of which were the fame of the Division itself and the exceptional performances of many troupe members , especially by what historian Larry J Collins described as `` the show-stopper '' : the female impersonator . The troupe 's music director , Robert James Stannard , wrote in his diary that '' ... the biggest hits were -LSB- Alec -RSB- Hill with his fine singing , Queenie -LSB- the troupe 's female impersonator -RSB- , who deceived a great many of the audience and Larry Nicol , the trick cyclist ... '' Jason Wilson , in his history of the well-known Canadian concert party , the Dumbbells , singled out the Diamond Troupe as being one of the `` notable concert parties of the British Expedition Forces '' -- an assessment presaged in the 1919 edition of The Stage , where the Diamond Troupe , along with the Australian troupe , Anzac Coves , were praised for having earned their applause '' ... by legitimate artistic means , and not on account of the increased wartime popularity of khaki or blue '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3418b2022d89da18b4c934c45d01636f", "text": "Cédric Vasseur Cédric Vasseur ( born August 18 , 1970 in Hazebrouck , Nord ) is a French former professional road racing cyclist . He was born in Hazebrouck , France , and currently resides in Lille with his wife and young son . From 2001 until 2005 , he was part of the French professional cycling team Cofidis , often as the captain on the road , and then moved to the Belgian team Quick Step-Innergetic . Vasseur turned professional with the team Novemail in 1995 , and switched to the GAN team in 1996 which then became Crédit Agricole in 1997 . His first professional victory is also his most famous : it was his solo 147-kilometre breakaway by which he won stage 5 of the 1997 Tour de France . He then wore the yellow jersey as the race leader for five days . In the 2000 and 2001 seasons , he rode for the U.S. Postal team and participated in the 2000 Tour de France . However , his exclusion from the 2001 Tour de France team led to his switch to the Cofidis team . He cited personal differences with the USPS team star Lance Armstrong , which was widely quoted in French cycling publications . In the wake of the publication of the USADA memo that proves Lance Armstrong doping practices , he explained that he was excluded because of his refusal to participate in Armstrong 's doping program . ( `` Inutile de rappeler que je n'ai rien à voir dans cette organisation à qui je dois fort probablement ma non-participation au Tour 2001 ainsi que mon éviction de l'équipe . '' ) In 2004 , Vasseur was arrested in suspicion of doping offences along with several other Cofidis riders , notably including then individual time trial champion David Millar . A counter-analysis later proved negative and Vasseur 's name was then cleared . Vasseur also claimed some of the evidence in his witness statement had been forged . However , Vasseur was barred from riding in the 2004 Tour de France since the investigation had not concluded by the time that the race had started . Vasseur came from a family of cyclists : his father Alain Vasseur competed in the 1970 , 71 and 74 editions of the Tour de France . His father also won a stage of the Tour de France after a solo breakaway . Vasseur is considered an all-rounder who can do well in a variety of races . He has raced through all of the spring classics such as Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix , and has won a stage of the Dauphiné Libéré stage race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e06df0363899a090012f3a9dfdf4a232", "text": "Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's road time trial These are the official results of the Men 's Individual Time Trial at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . The race was held on Saturday , September 30 , 2000 with a race distance of 46.8 km . On 17 January 2013 Lance Armstrong was stripped of the bronze medal and disqualified by the International Olympic Committee due to doping .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4d0c33da5e2e21dc145da8f80ac90bb", "text": "Rainbow Bridge (film) Rainbow Bridge is a 1971 film directed by Chuck Wein about different countercultural figures interacting on the Hawaiian island of Maui . He described it as `` a kind of space-age Candid Camera . We 're going to place Pat -LSB- New York model Pat Hartley , the protagonist -RSB- in all kinds of real-life situtations , and film what happens . We 're going to shoot a lot of film and just see what comes out of it . '' Harry Shapiro adds , `` the idea was to shoot an antidote to Easy Rider , showing the positive side of the youth movement . '' Filmed with non-professional actors and without a script , it features improvised scenes with a variety of characters . When it became apparent that it was floundering , producer Michael Jeffery brought in his client Jimi Hendrix to film an outdoor concert ( July 30 , 1970 ) . Hendrix 's heavily edited ( no complete songs ) performance appears near the end of the film . Rainbow Bridge was a critical failure and has been re-released on video tape and DVD formats . Although it only contains 17 minutes of Hendrix performing , it continues to attract attention as his second-to-last American concert and the last one filmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a83e8b74c7e4c48d5d70c22dc557366b", "text": "Skylab mutiny The Skylab mutiny was a day-long mutiny held by the crew of Skylab 4 on December 28 , 1973 , the last of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 's Skylab missions . The three-man crew , Gerald P. Carr , Edward G. Gibson , and William R. Pogue , turned off radio communications with NASA ground control for a full day , spending the day relaxing and looking at the Earth before resuming communication with NASA . They refused communications from mission control during this period . Once communications resumed , there were discussions between the crew and NASA , and the mission continued for several more weeks before the crew returned to Earth in 1974 . The 84-day mission was Skylab 's last crew , and last time American astronauts set foot in a space station for two decades , until Shuttle -- Mir in the 1990s . The event , which is the only strike to have occurred in space , has been extensively studied as case study in various fields of endeavor including space medicine , team management , and psychology . Man-hours in space was , and continued to be into the 21st century , a profoundly expensive undertaking ; a single day on Skylab was worth about $ 22.4 million in 2017 dollars . The mutiny also impacted the planning of future space missions , especially long-term missions . Sources including David Hitt 's Homesteading Space dispute that the crew purposefully ended contact with mission control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21ddaa1f05644beb97e1cf849bc8afb", "text": "The Army Hour The Army Hour was a radio news program in the United States , broadcast on NBC April 5 , 1942-Nov . 11 , 1945 . Planning for The Army Hour , with Col. Edward M. Kirby in charge , began soon after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Sponsored by the War Department and the U.S. Army , the program brought `` on-the-spot stories and demonstrations from Army bases and fields of battle '' to listeners back home in America . The program was `` an attempt to bring the reality of the war home to the American people through the power and immediacy of radio . '' One reviewer wrote in a newspaper that the secretary of war had compared The Army Hour broadcasts to `` full-scale military operations ... as far as communications are concerned , '' and the writer agreed . NBC 's investment was significant , also . In 1957 , CBS executive Lou Cowan ( who helped to develop The Army Hour while working with the Office of War Information ) said that the program was `` presented at an annual cost of a half-million dollars to the network -LSB- NBC -RSB- with no financial return . '' Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the program `` gave Americans their first in-depth look at the war and how it was being fought , '' and a 1942 article in the trade publication Billboard described it as `` a weekly official message and a source of authoritative information from the Army to the civilian population of the country ... '' In 1943 , another article in Billboard commented about Army Hour : `` excellent substitute for first-hand knowledge of war ; genuine picture of what loved ones are living thru ; calm and objective presentation of facts of war . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1874ca139eb9493029c115f92dab2ef1", "text": "Louis Armstrong discography Louis Armstrong ( 1901 -- 1971 ) , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops , was an American trumpeter , composer , singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades , from the 1920s to the 1960s , and different eras in jazz . Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an `` inventive '' trumpet and cornet player , Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz , shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance . With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice , Armstrong was also an influential singer , demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser , bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes . He was also skilled at scat singing . Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing , Armstrong 's influence extends well beyond jazz music , and by the end of his career in the 1960s , he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general . Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to `` cross over '' , whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided . He rarely publicly politicized his race , often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans , but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7d07beb64f0cc9ce1d72e3ff0191bcf", "text": "Lone Legion Brotherhood The Lone Legion Motorcycle Association is an outlaw motorcycle club which started in the USA and now has chapters located in New Zealand . According to media and Police the club is a member of the `` A-Team '' , an alliance between several NZ biker groups including the Outcasts MC , the Epitaph Riders MC , the Forty-Fives MC , the Southern Vikings MC , Satan 's Slaves MC , Sinn MC and the Lost Breed MC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa953bad38bca1fbf0fe3cb22da64299", "text": "Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music . The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change . The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5566ab041f83b4679c5766e26ddae01", "text": "Farewell to the World Farewell to the World is a 1996 concert by rock group Crowded House . The concert was recorded on the outside footsteps of the famed Sydney Opera House as a charity event to raise funds for the Sydney Children 's Hospital . The event was originally scheduled to occur on the night of 23 November 1996 , however was delayed one day due to rain . The concert was to be the last that the group played as the group announced their dissolution months earlier . The concert attracted a crowd of greater than 100,000 people , with some estimates of 250,000 people in attendance . Since then , several concerts have been performed there such as the Mushroom Records anniversary celebration and every Australian Idol year finale dually uses the outdoor as well as the indoor of the Opera House . The concert was originally aired on Network Ten in Australia in November 1996 however this performance was incomplete as it did not include five songs performed from the concert due to time constraints . In December 1996 , the group released the concert on VHS which included some press coverage of the band 's breakup and the concert . The VHS version contained all of the same songs as the television version other than `` Weather with You , '' which was replaced by the fan favourite song `` Hole In the River . '' The CD and DVD of the concert were released in November 2006 as a ten-year anniversary of the original concert . These versions were remastered and the DVD included all previous footage from the VHS but also added an interview with Neil Finn by Jana Wendt on Channel Nine 's Sunday program . All of the songs were included on the DVD and CD release , including those omitted previously and the sound ( and , for DVD , picture ) was digitally remastered . The concert included many of Crowded House 's most famous hits and many fan favourites also . The supporting bands were Custard , You Am I and Powderfinger . Powderfinger released their performance also with selected versions of their album Internationalist . As the album was to be the final performance by the group , they called upon previous members Tim Finn and tour drummer Peter Jones to play for a small portion of the setlist . Drummer Paul Hester , though he had previously left the band while on tour , was considered a member of the band again for the performance , as he had been a member for the majority of the group 's tenure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa691ce9c81e8a1bed5a1e6b61372ed7", "text": "2008 Astana season The 2008 season for the cycling team began in January with the Tour Down Under and ended in October with the Giro di Lombardia . As a UCI ProTour team , they were automatically invited and obliged to attend every event in the UCI ProTour . Astana changed drastically between the 2007 and 2008 seasons , with its former manager Marc Biver replaced by Johan Bruyneel from the dissolved Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team . Following Bruyneel to Astana were several riders from that team , including Alberto Contador and Levi Leipheimer , who had finished first and third , respectively , in the 2007 Tour de France for Discovery . Numerous riders also left the team , including Matthias Kessler , Andrey Kashechkin , and Alexander Vinokourov , who had all tested positive for doping . The team 's biggest successes in 2008 were the overall victories by Contador in the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España . As the team was barred from competing in the Tour de France that year , as well as other events organized by the Amaury Sport Organisation , Contador was unable to defend his championship from the year before . Just as the team 's competitive season was nearing its end , Lance Armstrong announced that he planned to return to competitive cycling in 2009 after a four-year absence . As Bruyneel was Armstrong 's team manager for all seven of his Tour de France victories , there was much speculation immediately that Armstrong would sign with Astana in his comeback , which he eventually did .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077e0b9ca4621e918ab58acb35966509", "text": "Birmingham Sound Reproducers Birmingham Sound Reproducers was a British manufacturer of record player turntables . Daniel McLean McDonald founded Birmingham Sound Reproducers as a private company in 1932 in the West Midlands of England , UK . By 1947 , the company chiefly manufactured communications sets ( intercoms ) , laboratory test equipment , and sound recording and reproducing instruments , including phonographs . In the early 1950s , Samuel Margolin began buying auto-changing turntables from BSR , using them as the basis of his Dansette record player . Over the next twenty years , Margolin manufactured more than a million of these players , and `` Dansette '' became a household word in Britain . In 1957 , BSR , also known by the name BSR McDonald , became a public company and , by 1961 , had grown to employ 2,600 workers . In addition to manufacturing their own brand of player -- the Monarch Automatic Record Changer that could select and play 7 '' , 10 '' and 12 '' records at 33 , 45 or 78 rpm , changing automatically between the various settings of disc sizes only , speeds were changed Manually -- BSR McDonald supplied turntables and autochangers to most of the world 's record player manufacturers , eventually gaining 87 % of the market . By 1977 , BSR 's various factories produced over 250,000 units a week . Changing times and technology hit BSR hard in the early 1980s . Although BSR McDonald produced tape recording decks in addition to their widely used turntables and changers , consumers had begun to expect portability from their music players , and BSR were not prepared to compete with eight-track and cassette tape players or later , the groundbreaking Walkman from Japan . In the first five years of the 1980s , once-mighty BSR closed factories and made thousands of workers redundant . During the 1980s BSR manufactured the Rotronics Wafadrive for the ZX Spectrum range of computers . After producing their last turntable in 1985 , BSR McDonald closed all divisions except for Astec Power Supply , as well as keeping investments in various entities , including dbx , X10 , BSR Housewares ( the latter sold to the French small electrical appliances and kitchen equipment manufacturer Moulinex ) . BSR then moved its head office to Hong Kong , as Astec ( BSR ) plc , and continued in Hong Kong until 1998 , when Astec ( BSR ) plc was 100 % acquired by Emerson Electric Company ( NYSE : EMR ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4a4cae504bfc1343eca1215b1abb877", "text": "Contesting Contesting ( also known as radiosport ) is a competitive activity pursued by amateur radio operators . In a contest , an amateur radio station , which may be operated by an individual or a team , seeks to contact as many other amateur radio stations as possible in a given period of time and exchange information . Rules for each competition define the amateur radio bands , the mode of communication that may be used , and the kind of information that must be exchanged . The contacts made during the contest contribute to a score by which stations are ranked . Contest sponsors publish the results in magazines and on web sites . Contesting grew out of other amateur radio activities in the 1920s and 1930s . As intercontinental communications with amateur radio became more common , competitions were formed to challenge stations to make as many contacts as possible with amateur radio stations in other countries . Contests were also formed to provide opportunities for amateur radio operators to practice their message handling skills , used for routine or emergency communications across long distances . Over time , the number and variety of radio contests has increased , and many amateur radio operators today pursue the sport as their primary amateur radio activity . There is no international authority or governance organization for this sport . Each competition is sponsored separately and has its own set of rules . Contest rules do not necessarily require entrants to comply with voluntary international band plans . Participants must , however , adhere to the amateur radio regulations of the country in which they are located . Because radio contests take place using amateur radio , competitors are generally forbidden by their national amateur radio regulations from being compensated financially for their activity . High levels of amateur radio contest activity , and contesters failing to comply with international band plans , can result in friction between contest participants and other amateur radio users of the same radio spectrum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ca73db30c587d56e4443d0296e5c9b", "text": "Steve Berry (presenter) Steve Berry is a British media presenter who appeared on BBC2 's Top Gear and its spin-off Top Gear Motorsport where he reviewed motorcycles and made features relating to them . He was the main presenter of the now defunct Top Gear Radio Show on BBC Radio Five Live , wrote and presented The Bike 's the Star , a four-part documentary series for BBC2 and produced British Biker Build Off for Discovery Channel in 2005 and Bennett 's Biker Build Off for ITV 's Men & Motors in 2006 . Berry appears regularly as a guest on BBC radio , has hosted phone-in shows on Talksport and writes for The Sunday Times . For some time , Berry presented ` the longest show on UK radio ' for Talksport and after guest appearances on 105.4 Century Radio , he became the presenter of the breakfast show on 106.1 Rock Radio , a classic rock station based in Manchester until 2011 . Describing himself as a Mod in his youth , Berry became the public face of British motorcycling . He produced and directed Motor Morphers , an engineering challenge show made by ITN for Channel 5 in May 2013 . He writes a regular column ` Berry on Classics ' in Classic Car Weekly and is a regular expert contributor to BBC Breakfast . In January 2014 Berry returned as the breakfast presenter for 106.1 RealXS ( previously known as 106.1 Rock Radio ) . He presents a weekly radio show Steve 's Speedshop on FAB Radio International , described as ' a digital man-cave for passionate petrolheads ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7b92c7507f6863418d4edbba3085696", "text": "Transmitter In electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which generates a radio frequency alternating current . When a connected antenna is excited by this alternating current , the antenna emits radio waves . In addition to their use in broadcasting , transmitters are necessary component parts of many electronic devices that communicate by radio , such as cell phones , wireless computer networks , Bluetooth enabled devices , garage door openers , two-way radios in aircraft , ships , spacecraft , radar sets and navigational beacons . The term transmitter is usually limited to equipment that generates radio waves for communication purposes ; or radiolocation , such as radar and navigational transmitters . Generators of radio waves for heating or industrial purposes , such as microwave ovens or diathermy equipment , are not usually called transmitters even though they often have similar circuits . The term is popularly used more specifically to refer to a broadcast transmitter , a transmitter used in broadcasting , as in FM radio transmitter or television transmitter . This usage typically includes both the transmitter proper , the antenna , and often the building it is housed in . An unrelated use of the term is in industrial process control , where a `` transmitter '' is a telemetry device which converts measurements from a sensor into a signal , and sends it , usually via wires , to be received by some display or control device located a distance away .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9ec07b45248f44f4587e245d738621", "text": "National Pedal Sport Association The National Pedal Sport Association ( NPSA ) was a South Eastern USA regional Bicycle Motocross ( BMX ) sanctioning body originally based in Palm Harbor , Florida . It then soon after moved to Dunedin , Florida , for most of its existence . Then in its last years Pinellas Park , Florida , was its headquarters . For the first six years of its existence it focused mostly on amateur racing since they were stressing the family experience nature of the sport and putting on the fairest and most inclusive races possible , fitting their motto `` Ride For Fun '' . The NPSA ceased operations as an independent sanctioning body after it was bought by the American Bicycle Association ( ABA ) in 1988 . The first joint NSPA-ABA sanctioned race was held on March 19 , 1988 , at the NSPA track in Ocoee , Florida .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c108567a59ed3744f309329c58299a4", "text": "The Waterboy The Waterboy is a 1998 American sports comedy film directed by Frank Coraci ( who played Robert ` Roberto ' Boucher , Sr. ) , starring Adam Sandler , Kathy Bates , Fairuza Balk , Henry Winkler , Jerry Reed ( his last film role before his death in 2008 ) , Larry Gilliard , Jr. , Blake Clark , Peter Dante and Jonathan Loughran , and produced by Robert Simonds and Jack Giarraputo . Lynn Swann , Lawrence Taylor , Jimmy Johnson , Bill Cowher , Paul `` The Big Show '' Wight and Rob Schneider have cameo appearances . The movie was extremely profitable , earning $ 161.5 million in North America alone . This was Sandler 's second film to eclipse $ 120 million worldwide in 1998 along with The Wedding Singer . Adam Sandler 's character , Bobby Boucher ( pronounced -LSB- buː ' ʃeɪ -RSB- ) , bears a strong resemblance to his `` The Excited Southerner '' comedic skits from his album What the Hell Happened to Me ? The portrayal is one of a stereotypical Cajun from the bayous of South Louisiana , not the typical stereotype of a Southerner . He also shares similarities in speech and mannerism to Canteen Boy , a recurring character , also portrayed by Sandler , on Saturday Night Live . Like Bobby , Canteen Boy was a soft-spoken manchild who preferred `` purified water , right out of the old canteen , '' which he always carried with him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201d5ef6a20f314b0ac581bd6ccf88da", "text": "Jimmy Johnson (American football coach) James William Johnson ( born July 16 , 1943 ) is an American football broadcaster and former player , coach , and executive . He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma State University -- Stillwater from 1979 to 1983 and the University of Miami from 1984 to 1988 . Johnson then moved to the National Football League ( NFL ) , serving as head coach of the Dallas Cowboys from 1989 to 1993 , winning two Super Bowls with the team , both against the Buffalo Bills , and the Miami Dolphins from 1996 to 1999 . As of 2016 , he is an analyst for Fox NFL Sunday , the Fox network 's NFL pregame show for the NFL games . Johnson was the first and one of only three football coaches to lead teams to both a major college football championship and a Super Bowl ( The others being Barry Switzer and Pete Carroll ) . Johnson 's coaching tree includes a number of future head coaches such as Butch Davis , Norv Turner , Tommy Tuberville , Dave Campo , and Dave Wannstedt . In 1993 , Johnson wrote Turning the Thing Around : My Life in Football , ghostwritten by Ed Hinton . Johnson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d6947dff170aea0c5ba6c7d07c59e95", "text": "Bill Nunn (American football) William Goldwyn `` Bill '' Nunn , Jr. ( September 30 , 1924 -- May 6 , 2014 ) was a sportswriter , newspaper editor and American football scout for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Due to the fame of his son , actor William G. Nunn III , he was also known as Bill Nunn , Sr. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2d57c25106eef76eb54d4f0ad202ab", "text": "Bob Ladouceur Robert Eugene `` Bob '' Ladouceur ( born July 3 , 1954 ) is a retired American football coach . He began coaching the De La Salle High Spartans in Concord , California in 1979 , when he was 25 years old . He took over a program that had never enjoyed a winning season since the school 's establishment in 1965 . His first season as head coach resulted in their first winning season . His second season resulted in their first appearance in the California Prep Football State Rankings and began De La Salle 's evolution into a perennial champion . From 1992 to 2004 , he guided the team to 12-consecutive undefeated seasons , setting a national winning streak record for high school football of 151 consecutive wins -- a record in US amateur sports matched only by the 159-game winning streak of Passaic High School in men 's basketball , and the 459 match win streak of Brandon High School in men 's wrestling . Ladouceur was enshrined to the National High School Hall of Fame in 2001 . His team has topped the USA Today rankings five times and he is a three-time coach of the year . He retired on January 4 , 2013 with a career record of 399 -- 25-3 . His .934 winning percentage is a record among coaches with 200 or more wins . Ladouceur is the all-time winningest coach in California high school football and has led the De La Salle program to numerous championships . A film about his life was released on August 22 , 2014 . When the Game Stands Tall is a 2014 sports drama film . The film , which stars Jim Caviezel as Coach Bob Ladouceur , Laura Dern as Bev Ladouceur , Michael Chiklis as assistant coach Terry Eidson and Alexander Ludwig as running back Chris Ryan , is about the record-setting 151-game 1992 -- 2003 high school football winning streak by De La Salle High School of Concord , California . The film is an adaptation of the 2003 book of the same name by Neil Hayes , published by North Atlantic Books . Bob married Lissa Ladouceur on January 3 , 2015 . De La Salle head coach Bob Ladouceur retired in January 2013 after winning his last Open Division state championship in December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8987b1bb12d3e787cd95dec4b815fdc5", "text": "Wally Bullington Wallace `` Wally '' `` Coach Bully '' Bullington is a former American football player , coach , and college athletics administrator . He served Abilene Christian University in Abilene , Texas for 39 years as football player , assistant football coach , head football coach and athletic director before he retired from the university 's athletic staff in 1988 , but not before leading the school to its first national championship in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7ae139190fba1a3ca2f4180ec39d33", "text": "Tom Hamilton (American football) Thomas James `` Tom '' Hamilton ( December 26 , 1905 -- April 3 , 1994 ) was an American football player , coach , college athletics administrator , and naval aviator who rose to the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy . He served as the head football coach at the United States Naval Academy from 1934 to 1936 and again from 1946 to 1947 and at the University of Pittsburgh in 1951 and 1954 , compiling a career college football record of 28 -- 32 -- 1 . Hamilton was also the athletic director at the Naval Academy from 1948 to 1948 and at Pittsburgh from 1949 to 1959 . From 1959 to 1971 , he was the commissioner of the Athletic Association of Western Universities , renamed the Pacific-8 Conference in 1968 and now known as the Pac-12 Conference . Hamilton was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "101eb7e59a778fc4bee67e8da8507191", "text": "George Cecil Woodruff George Cecil `` Kid '' Woodruff , Sr. ( November 29 , 1888 -- November 16 , 1968 ) was an American businessman and football player and coach . He served as the head football coach at the University of Georgia from 1923 to 1927 , compiling a record of 30 -- 16 -- 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a863105019bb7ec16a36244bf95b466b", "text": "John Reed (American football) John Reed was an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9087aac536147fa7e888ccec80330e58", "text": "Bruce Shorts Bruce Carman Shorts ( January 15 , 1878 -- March 29 , 1945 ) was an American football player and coach . He played as a tackle at the University of Michigan from 1900 to 1901 . He later served as the head football coach at the University of Nevada , Reno in 1904 and at the University of Oregon in 1905 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2447009fae744625f2dcb33a537854", "text": "Jerry Raymond Jerry Raymond was an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4b75cb581c1e9763c935e5e268401a", "text": "Guy Chamberlin Berlin Guy `` Champ '' Chamberlin ( January 16 , 1894 -- April 4 , 1967 ) , sometimes misspelled Guy Chamberlain , was an American football player and coach . He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965 . He was also named in 1969 to the NFL 1920s All-Decade Team . A native of Blue Springs , Nebraska , Chamberlin played college football as a halfback at Nebraska Wesleyan University in 1911 and 1912 . He transferred to the University of Nebraska in 1913 and played at the halfback and end positions for the undefeated 1914 and 1915 Nebraska Cornhuskers football teams that won consecutive Missouri Valley Conference championships . He was a consensus first-team All-American in 1915 , and he was selected in 1936 as the greatest player in Nebraska football history . He played professional football for nine years with the Canton Bulldogs ( 1919 ) , Decatur Staleys ( 1920 ) , Chicago Staleys ( 1921 ) , Canton Bulldogs ( 1922 -- 1923 ) , Cleveland Bulldogs ( 1924 ) , Frankford Yellow Jackets ( 1925 -- 1926 ) , and Chicago Cardinals ( 1927 ) . He won professional football championships in six of his nine seasons in professional football : as a player in 1919 with the undefeated Bulldogs and in 1921 with the Staleys , and as a player/coach in 1922 , 1923 , and 1924 with the Bulldogs and in 1926 with the Yellow Jackets . He compiled a 58-16-7 record in six years as a head coach in the National Football League ( NFL ) , the best win percentage of any coach in NFL history with a minimum 50 wins . He is also the only coach to win NFL championships with three different clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4404c1a2800e3050f853f7aa2c70e065", "text": "Frank Cavanaugh (American football) Frank W. `` The Iron Major '' Cavanaugh ( April 28 , 1876 -- August 29 , 1933 ) was an American football player and coach . He served as the head football coach at the University of Cincinnati ( 1898 ) , the College of the Holy Cross ( 1903 -- 1905 ) , Dartmouth College ( 1911 -- 1916 ) , Boston College ( 1919 -- 1926 ) and Fordham University ( 1927 -- 1932 ) , compiling a career college football record of 145 -- 48 -- 17 . Cavanaugh was born in Worcester , Massachusetts and played football as an end at Dartmouth from 1896 to 1897 . He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954 . At the time of his death , Cavanaugh was broke and blind . He warned fellow coach and former player Joe McKenney `` Get out of coaching while you can . The end of every coaching career is disaster . '' He was played by Pat O'Brien in the 1943 RKO film The Iron Major .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0f953e48b13ef0f21ed2ac38548e2af", "text": "Les Unruh Les Unruh is an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79c5e475c1ea4b8464c3be79f76b4528", "text": "John Jenkins (American football coach) John Jenkins ( born June 20 , 1952 ) is an American football coach and former player . He served as the head football coach the University of Houston from 1990 to 1992 , compiling a record of 18 -- 15 . A proponent of the run and shoot offense , Jenkins also coached professional football in the United States Football League ( USFL ) , the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and the Fall Experimental Football League ( FXFL ) . He served as the head coach of the CFL 's Ottawa Renegades in 2006 , the FXFL 's Blacktips in 2014 and the Hudson Valley Fort for part of 2015 . During his career as a coach , Jenkins has mentored a number of notable quarterbacks such as Andre Ware , David Klingler , Jim Kelly , Eric Crouch , Kliff Kingsbury , Anthony Calvillo and Doug Flutie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba4eb5e88bb227bfc6a6fe1366a7bccf", "text": "Greasy Neale Alfred Earle `` Greasy '' Neale ( November 5 , 1891 -- November 2 , 1973 ) was an American football and baseball player and coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d880841a9f84276bc703012e55bd9969", "text": "Maurice Hunt Maurice `` Mo '' Hunt ( born December 16 , 1943 ) is a former American football coach . He served as the head football coach at Central State University ( 1977 -- 1978 ) , Kentucky State University ( 1992 -- 1994 ) , Morehouse College ( 1979 -- 1989 , 1995 -- 1996 ) , and Lane College ( 1997 ) , compiling a career college football record of 65 -- 125 -- 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95dffe116c2444068cbc0a4f795fcd9", "text": "Joe Gembis Joseph George Gembis ( September 29 , 1907 -- July 5 , 1969 ) , sometimes known by the nickname `` Dynamite Joe '' , was an American football player and coach . He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1926 to 1929 and professional football for the Ironton Tanks in 1930 . He later served as the head football coach at Wayne State University for 14 years from 1932 to 1945 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "373efebf55e6de4277a5b5c25babbc5c", "text": "Gene Murphy Eugene Vincent Murphy ( August 6 , 1939 -- October 29 , 2011 ) was an American football player and coach . He served as the head football coach a the University of North Dakota from 1978 to 1979 and at California State University , Fullerton from 1980 to 1992 , compiling a career college football coaching record 74 -- 96 -- 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8272d3b9c1115d01f62d4234598feca1", "text": "Pepper Rodgers Franklin Cullen `` Pepper '' Rodgers ( born October 8 , 1931 ) is a former American football player and coach . He was the head coach at the University of Kansas ( 1967 -- 1970 ) , University of California , Los Angeles ( 1971 -- 1973 ) , and the Georgia Institute of Technology ( 1974 -- 1979 ) , compiling a career college football record of . Rodgers was also the head coach of the United States Football League 's Memphis Showboats from 1984 to 1985 and of the Canadian Football League 's Memphis Mad Dogs in 1995 . He also served as the Washington Redskins director of football from 2001 to 2004 . At 69 , he was considered for the Redskins ' head coaching position before Norv Turner 's eventual firing during the 2000 season . From Atlanta , Rodgers played college football at Georgia Tech under head coach Bobby Dodd , where he was a member of the Yellow Jackets ' 1952 national championship team as a backup quarterback and placekicker . In his second year as a head coach , he led the Kansas Jayhawks to a share of the Big Eight Conference title in 1968 , the program 's most recent conference championship . They played in the Orange Bowl in Miami , but lost by a point to Penn State . At UCLA in the Pac-8 , Rodgers installed the wishbone offense and with junior college transfer quarterback Mark Harmon in 1972 , the Bruins upset top-ranked and two-time defending champion Nebraska in the season opener , snapping the Huskers ' 32-game unbeaten streak . UCLA finished and fifteenth in the final AP rankings ; in 1973 they were and ended ranked twelfth . ( Prior to the 1975 season , the Pac-8 and Big Ten conferences allowed only one postseason participant each , for the Rose Bowl . ) He left after the 1973 season to lead his alma mater in Atlanta . With the Memphis Showboats of the USFL , Rodgers was the first professional coach of hall of fame defensive end Reggie White . Rodgers is the author of Fourth and Long Gone , a fictional book published in 1985 that is a bawdy roman à clef of his experiences as a college football coach and recruiter . He also wrote an autobiography : Pepper , written with Al Thomy . Rodgers graduated from Georgia Tech in 1955 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8f17e962264536a6e3ffbb4ea25a80b", "text": "Shane Beatty Shane Beatty is an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804ef23b2de50185957c6a490905b616", "text": "Bob King (American football coach) Robert Burrow `` Bob '' King ( June 3 , 1913 -- June 19 , 1994 ) was an American football . He served as the head football coach at Furman University from 1958 to 1972 . He had previously been an assistant football coach for ends at the University of Illinois for 11 years . He is a member of the South Carolina Athletic Hall of Fame and was Southern Conference Media Coach of the Year in 1970 . He graduated from Furman in 1937 where he played on the football team . He was succeeded by Art Baker as Furman head coach in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a7f23e821ca51108b3a020724264f3", "text": "Nate Duffy Nate Duffy was an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6bbf00e115b3b944e319969533e758c4", "text": "Taraji P. Henson Taraji Penda Henson ( -LSB- tə ` rɑːdʒi -RSB- ; born September 11 , 1970 ) is an American actress and author . She studied acting at Howard University and began her Hollywood career in guest-roles on several television shows before making her breakthrough in Baby Boy ( 2001 ) . She received praise for playing a prostitute in Hustle & Flow ( 2005 ) and a single mother in David Fincher 's The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( 2008 ) ; for the latter , she received Academy Award , SAG Award and Critics Choice Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress ; for the former , she received a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture nomination . In 2010 , she appeared in the comedy Date Night and co-starred in the remake of The Karate Kid . Henson has also had an extensive career in television in series such as The Division , Boston Legal and Eli Stone . In 2011 Henson starred in the Lifetime Television film Taken from Me : The Tiffany Rubin Story , which earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . From 2011 to 2013 , she co-starred as Detective Jocelyn Carter in the CBS drama Person of Interest , for which she won an NAACP Image Award . Henson went on to star in the ensemble film Think Like a Man ( 2012 ) and its 2014 sequel . In 2015 , she began starring as Cookie Lyon on the Fox drama series Empire , for which she became the first African-American woman to win a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series . She also won a Golden Globe Award , and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , in 2015 and 2016 . In 2016 , Time named Henson one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . That year , Henson also released a New York Times best selling autobiography titled Around the Way Girl . Also that year , she received praise for her starring role as Katherine Johnson in the critically acclaimed drama film Hidden Figures , for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2282971b90b4956909968c4f2c61d7", "text": "Think Like a Man Think Like a Man is a 2012 American romantic comedy film directed by Tim Story and written by Keith Marryman and David A. Newman , based on Steve Harvey 's 2009 book Act Like a Lady , Think Like a Man . The film stars an ensemble cast , featuring Michael Ealy , Jerry Ferrara , Meagan Good , Regina Hall , Kevin Hart , Terrence J , Taraji P. Henson , Romany Malco and Gabrielle Union . The film was released on April 20 , 2012 by Screen Gems .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b312fe2dc52822521bc76a7208e20983", "text": "Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62159040fd4139fc61be258d7e04ac17", "text": "Key of Life is a 2012 Japanese comedy film directed by Kenji Uchida . The film opened in Japan on September 15 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce71283b91aeeeeb3df6e3a67db70f59", "text": "Aashiqui.in Aashiqui.in is a 2011 Bollywood romantic film directed by Shankhadeep , starring Ankita Shrivastava and debutant Ishaan Manhaas in the lead roles . The music and the background score of the film are composed by Nitin kumar gupta and Prem Hariya , and the lyrics are penned by Gupta as well . The film is very similar to the 2004 film A Cinderella Story . The film was released in cinemas on 11 February 2011 , and the story follows a man who meets his love interest on the internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e47c4a421c8080fa3941fa0c71d5f58", "text": "The Kitchen (2012 film) The Kitchen is a 2012 American independent comedy-drama film directed by Ishai Setton , written by Jim Beggarly , and starring Laura Prepon , Bryan Greenberg , and Dreama Walker . The film was shot in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2d6670c36c871290e574b7c1cd5e0e", "text": "Haunting Love Haunting Love is a 2012 Chinese horror film directed by Ting Liang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32137e687b2e1271d8c3f4ca61a79815", "text": "Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10cf3c4994f29e605bf492d88f915a96", "text": "Power Cut Power Cut is a 2012 Indian Punjabi romantic comedy film . It was the last film directed by Jaspal Bhatti and produced by Paveljeet Singh under P & R Films and Mad Arts , Jaspal Bhatti Film School . The lead actors include Jaspal Bhatti himself , his wife Savita Bhatti and several well-known Punjabi actors . The film was released on 26 October 2012 worldwide . The movie mocks the power outages and corruption in India , especially in the state of Punjab .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5833d6e44c5474ba1ee796e31f93e186", "text": "Like for Likes Like for Likes ( Korean : 좋아해줘 ) is a 2016 South Korean romantic comedy film directed by Park Hyun-jin . It was released in South Korea on February 17 , 2016 by CJ Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63ecfbdd349ba978c0d898621aedd37", "text": "Chaar Din Ki Chandni Chaar Din Ki Chandni ( English : 4 nights of moonlight ) is a 2012 Hindi romantic comedy film directed and produced by Samir Karnik . The film stars Tusshar Kapoor and Kulraj Randhawa in the lead roles while Anupam Kher , Om Puri and Anita Raj appear in supporting roles . It released on 9 March 2012 , received generally negative reviews , and also failed to do well at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09606112b36ed6635fbb6836c980a2fa", "text": "Taur Mittran Di Taur Mittran Di is a 2012 Punjabi drama action comedy film starring Amrinder Gill , Rannvijay Singh , Surveen Chawla , Amita Pathak and Mukesh Rishi . The movie is directed by Navaniat Singh and produced by Eros Entertainment & Jimmy Sheirgill Productions . The movie was released on 11 May 2012 . This is the first film in Punjabi film ind. where the youth power and love for hockey is shown.Japji Khera did a cameo role in this film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "729091baa913f7ae513afc807edc47ec", "text": "Married but Living Single Married but Living Single is a 2012 Nigerian romantic drama film , directed by Tunde Olaoye and starring Funke Akindele , Joseph Benjamin , Joke Silva , Tina Mba , Kiki Omeili and Femi Brainard . The film was inspired by a book of the same name by Pastor Femi Faseru of KICC Lagos and tells the story of Kate ( Funke Akindele ) , a career driven woman who 's married to an entrepreneur , Mike ( Joseph Benjamin ) . Mike is diagnosed with lung cancer ; Kate has to choose to either take a break from work to be with her husband while he recuperates from his surgery , or stay dedicated to her company which now stands a big chance of winning an important contract with a big telecommunication company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ecf32c7f36bd6bf4b6dbb6e3e56ba0", "text": "An Oversimplification of Her Beauty An Oversimplification of Her Beauty is a 2012 American semi-animated comedy-drama-romance film , directed by Terence Nance , following a quixotic artist who , when stood up by an attractive woman , makes a film about it and shows it to her . It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and has received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b39492736af0a542a6837d5edeb521", "text": "A Secret Affair A Secret Affair is a 2012 Filipino romantic drama film directed by Nuel Naval and starring Anne Curtis , Derek Ramsay and Andi Eigenmann . A love triangle story , it was released on October 24 , 2012 in more than 200 theaters in the Philippines by Viva Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51effe71fc9e488086a18e8d7b26c2f5", "text": "Konna no Idol Janain!? is a 2012 Japanese television comedy series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "944527e7a78ebc90b233741c2d8cdaea", "text": "Leave Me Like You Found Me Leave Me Like You Found Me is a 2012 American romantic drama film written and directed by Adele Romanski and starring Megan Boone and David Nordstrom . It is Romanski 's directorial debut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bc0d9d8e2cc68bb1c7b7f5efe2efab2", "text": "Westgate Tango Westgate Tango is a 2012 Taiwan romance drama film starring Dylan Kuo , Amber An , Hong Kong actor Anthony Wong , Denny Tsao , Jett Lee and Japanese director actor Toyoharu Kitamura . Directed and written by notable film critic Wei Wang . This is the feature directorial debut by Wang Wei . The film is set in Taipei 's trendy Ximending district , best known for its mix of alternative lifestyles , youth fashion and the antimony of adolescent life , and provides an upbeat story of damaged young people finding their purpose in life . The films upbeat tone may appeal to some , but the complexity of the background is obliterated by stereotypes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "401542153ffc6fe8484402e2e775f62c", "text": "Raptor Ranch Raptor Ranch ( also known as The Dinosaur Experiment ) is a 2012 adventure sci-fi film written and directed by Dan Bishop . Produced by Stephan Galfas , Mosh Moe Grunberg and Shlomo May-Zur , it stars Jana Mashonee , and Lorenzo Lamas .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "006e153e1940267ef00a1315a8afacef", "text": "Larry Buttrose Larry Philip Buttrose ( born 16 December 1952 ) is an Australian writer , journalist and academic . He is the ghostwriter of the Saroo Brierley memoir A Long Way Home ( adapted for the screen as the major international feature film Lion ) . He is also the author of the novels The Maze of the Muse and Sweet Sentence , and the travel books The King Neptune Day & Night Club , and Cafe Royale ( also published as The Blue Man ) . For the stage he co-wrote the hit musical Hot Shoe Shuffle , as well Kurtz , his stage adaptation of Heart of Darkness , and a stage adaptation of Don Quixote . For the screen he co-wrote the feature Gino and the feature documentary Movietone Memories , and is currently working on the screenplay for Hicks , about the life of Australian inmate in Guantanamo , David Hicks . He teaches Screenwriting at New York University 's Sydney campus at The Rocks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "305b6b0de80bd739dd7e069b6c133fff", "text": "Robert Reuland Robert Charles Reuland ( born 1963 ) is an American novelist and attorney . He commenced his legal career in 1990 in the litigation department of the Wall Street law firm of Winthrop , Stimson , Putnam & Roberts and later Brown & Wood . A graduate of Cambridge University and the Vanderbilt School of Law , Reuland specialized in international law and authored several law review articles on various topics of international jurisdiction and litigation . In 1996 he left private practice to join the District Attorney 's Office in Brooklyn , New York , where he served as Senior Assistant District Attorney in the Homicide Bureau . Since 2001 Reuland has had a parallel career as a novelist . He is the author of five novels , including a series originating with his first novel , Hollowpoint ( Random House 2001 ) , which was nominated for a Dashiell Hammett Award in 2002 , and followed by Semiautomatic ( Random House 2004 ) , and Represent '' ( 2011 ) . All three books are set in the Brooklyn D.A. 's office , where Reuland worked an assistant district attorney between 1996 and 2001 . Influenced by Graham Greene and James Salter , Reuland 's hard-edged but elegant writing is known for its gritty realism and has drawn praise from Dennis Lehane , Alan Furst , and George Pelecanos . A reviewer for the Washington Post referred to Semiautomatic as `` the best-written legal thriller I 've ever read , hands down . '' Marilyn Stasio of the New York Times called Reuland `` a daring writer . His cityscapes are ugly to the point of insult , his characters have no hearts , and his abrasive dialogue will rub you raw . It 's an irritating voice for a new writer -- too quick and smart to toy with civilizing subtleties -- and I like it a lot . '' Of Reuland 's second novel , `` Semiautomatic , '' Kirkus , in a starred review wrote , `` Reuland is a real-life ADA , and if he prosecutes as effectively as he writes , Brooklyn is a lucky borough . '' Following the critical success of his first two novels , Reuland wrote `` Way of the World , '' a fictionalized account of the Abner Louima affair in Brooklyn , told from the perspective of a police union representative . `` Way of the World , '' Reuland 's first novel after the completion of his two-book contract with Random House , was rejected by his publisher as too difficult and remains unpublished . In 2006 , in something of a literary departure , Reuland completed `` The Convict Maiden , '' a sprawling historical novel set in the penal colony of New South Wales in 1827 . Written in the voice of the female protagonist , `` The Convict Maiden '' is Reuland 's first work of historical fiction and first to be set outside his home of Brooklyn , New York . Reuland gained additional national notoriety in 2001 when fired from his position in the Brooklyn D.A. 's office shortly after the publication of his first book , Hollowpoint . In an interview with New York Magazine '' , Reuland observed that Brooklyn had `` more bodies per square inch than anyplace else , '' which angered Brooklyn District Attorney , Charles J. Hynes . Hynes demoted then fired Reuland , who brought a federal lawsuit claiming infringement of his First Amendment rights . Reuland prevailed after trial in 2004 . Upon leaving the D.A. 's Office in 2001 , Reuland established himself in private practice specializing in state and federal criminal defense . As a member of the Homicide Panel of the Mayor 's Assigned Counsel Program , he represents indigent or poor persons accused of homicide or other serious felonies . Reuland is the first criminal defense attorney ever to successfully assert an alibi defense to a felony charge based upon his client 's use of Facebook at the time of the crime . Born in Dallas , Texas and raised in Dubuque , Iowa , Reuland has lived in Park Slope , Brooklyn since 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40dc4f453d20ed34a55dce01e185d595", "text": "Burger Baron The Burger Baron name is used by several fast-food restaurants in Western Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c01f51ae4f45da290179dc781629ddc", "text": "Le Dôme Café Le Dôme Café ( -LSB- lə dom -RSB- ) or Café du Dôme is a restaurant in Montparnasse , Paris . From the beginning of the 1900s , it was renowned as an intellectual gathering place . It was widely known as `` the Anglo-American café . '' Opening in 1898 , it was the first such café in Montparnasse . It `` created and disseminated gossip , and provided message exchanges and an ` over the table ' market that dealt in artistic and literary futures . '' It was frequented by the famous ( and soon to be famous ) painters , sculptors , writers , poets , models , art connoisseurs and dealers . Le Dôme later became the gathering place of the American literary colony and became a focal point for artists residing in Paris 's Left Bank . A poor artist used to be able to get a Saucisse de Toulouse and a plate of mashed potatoes for $ 1 . Today , it is a top fish restaurant ( the Michelin Guide gives it one star ) , with a comfortably old-fashioned decor . The food writer Patricia Wells said , `` I could dine at Le Dôme once a week , feasting on platters of briny oysters and their incomparable sole meunière . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ff6ce7869b9dc048efb743de3737d4", "text": "Récit Récit is a term for a subgenre of the French novel , describing a work in which the narrative calls attention to itself . Literary critic Roger Shattuck explains , `` During a récit , we are conscious of being at one remove from the action ; the very act of narration interferes and calls attention to itself . '' Examples of the récit include works by Benjamin Constant and Eugene Fromentin , Andre Gide , Maurice Blanchot , and Michel Leiris . According to Shattuck , The discomfort of the narrator in confronting his own effort of composition ( by now it should be apparent that narrator and author become indistinguishable ) has been inherited as one of the principal features of the recit . Critic Geoffrey Hartman describes the récit as `` a confessional narrative , a kind of dramatic monologue in prose ... '' Daniel Just writes of an ambiguity in the nature of the récit : For literary critics , the récit as a category became ... elusive -- at once too broad and too specific . Meaning a `` narrative '' in general , récit has been used as an indefinite notion embracing many prose genres , to the point when it ceases to be clear if it does not coincide with narrative literature as such . At the same time , it has also served to identify a stylistic specificity found in the select works of only a few writers . This latter use finds perhaps its most exemplary illustrations in André Gide 's L'Immoraliste and Albert Camus 's La Chute . Gide , in particular , was quite meticulous in differentiating between his novels and their complex view of life , and his récits that portray life from a single perspective . Blanchot 's insistence on the difference between the novel and the récit is equally scrupulous , but for other reasons . His emphasis on a strong generic meaning of the term récit -- which is evident in spite of the semantic overload this notion sometimes undergoes in his theoretical texts -- has nothing to do with the number of points of view represented in the story . For Blanchot , the récit is a distinct literary form whose uniqueness resides in its not merely stylistic but `` essential '' difference from the genre of the novel . Maurice Blanchot describes the récit as follows : If we regard the récit as the true telling of an exceptional event which has taken place and which someone is trying to report , then we have not even come close to sensing the true nature of the récit . The récit is not the narration of an event , but the event itself , the approach to that event , the place where that event is made to happen-an event which is yet to come and through whose power of attraction the récit can come into being , too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2926038dab9fac37f734b839d72d7dba", "text": "Kramerbooks & Afterwords Kramerbooks & Afterwords ( also known as Kramer 's ) is an independent bookstore and cafe in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington , D.C. . Since its founding in 1976 by Bill Kramer , Henry Posner , and David Tenney , Kramer 's has become a local institution and meeting place for neighborhood residents , authors , and politicians . It was one of the first bookstores in the country to feature a cafe which influenced similar business models nationwide . Notable people that have visited Kramer 's include Barack Obama , Andy Warhol , Maya Angelou , and Monica Lewinsky , whose purchases at the bookstore attracted national attention during the Lewinsky scandal investigation and led to a high-profile legal battle . Kramer 's was sold in 2016 to Steve Salis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9", "text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae65512649a9def97a64c6a6ab88303f", "text": "Shopped Shopped : The Shocking Power Of British Supermarkets is a book by British author and investigative journalist Joanna Blythman first published by Fourth Estate in 2004 . Described by one reviewer as `` an emotive and bitter attack on -LSB- Britain 's -RSB- supermarket culture '' the book examines the way supermarkets have changed `` diets , cities , countryside and economy '' in Britain and argues that consumers have unwittingly `` surrendered control over what -LSB- they -RSB- eat to a few powerful chains . '' Along with Felicity Lawrence 's Not On The Label ( 2004 ) and Colin Tudge 's So Shall We Reap ( 2003 ) , Shopped was seen by some critics as representing the frontline of the emerging , radical Slow Food movement in Europe . The book helped establish Blythman 's reputation as `` one of the most influential commentators '' on British supermarkets . It was the winner of the Best Food Book prize at the 2005 Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards and was shortlisted for the 2005 Guild of Food Writers ' Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b83714f74853ba3840954c038dd8fa1c", "text": "Bookmill The Bookmill ( sometimes `` The Book Mill '' ) is an independent bookstore in Montague , Massachusetts . The 1834 grist mill it occupies is listed as the Alvah Stone Mill on the National Register of Historic Places . The store 's motto is `` Books you do n't need in a place you ca n't find , '' and it claims to have `` 40,000 books and one waterfall . '' Housed in a 19th-century former gristmill , The Boston Globe called it `` a magnet for bibliophiles from the nearby Amherst-Northampton Five College area '' . In 2005 , the Globe devoted an entire article to the bookstore , quoting the owner as saying , `` We 're not particularly convenient , we 're not particularly efficient , but we 're beautiful . '' The New York Times has described The Bookmill as `` the valley 's most pristine ambiance for just plain readers '' and praised `` the Book Mill 's cafe , where the baked offerings are superior , as is the view of the rushing waters and the evergreens on the opposite bank , sharply edged against the snow . '' Comedian John Hodgman is known to frequent the Bookmill . In a 2013 interview Hodgman claimed '' ... most dear to my heart The Book Mill and Lady Killigrew in Montague . That 's a used bookstore and great cafe where I would spend every hour of every day even if they did n't have Wi-Fi , and they do . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98dd193b1c93072eec27ab646a6e2aaa", "text": "Quattro Books Quattro Books is a Canadian small press based in Toronto , Ontario . Quattro publishes both poetry and novellas by established and emerging Canadian writers . Quattro Books was founded in 2006 by Allan Briesmaster , John Calabro , Beatriz Hausner and Luciano Iacobelli , who collectively ran the reading series , Toronto WordStage , from 2006 to 2008 . As of 2014 , Allan Briesmaster and Luciano Iacobelli became the sole owners of Quattro . John Calabro left the company in order to accept the role of Co-Executive Director of the Inspire ! Toronto International Book Fair , which was hosted at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre November 13 to 16 , 2014 . The publishing mandate of Quattro Books includes fostering the development and popularity of the literary novella . Known as the `` Home of the Novella , '' Quattro Books runs a yearly novella contest called the `` Ken Klonsky Novella Contest '' . Authors published by Quattro Books include George Fetherling , Christopher Levenson , Binnie Brennan , Brenda Niskala , Rocco de Giacomo , Carole Giangrande , Sky Gilbert , Michael Wex , Gianna Patriarca , Gale Zoë Garnett , David Silverberg , Susan McCaslin and Jim Christy . In 2014 , Night Vision by Christopher Levenson was shortlisted for the Governor General 's Literary Award for poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61e4f3ea00516e4e40d608bb6088b977", "text": "Atlanta Nights Atlanta Nights is a collaborative novel created in 2004 by a group of science fiction and fantasy authors , with the express purpose of producing an unpublishably bad piece of work , so as to test whether publishing firm PublishAmerica would still accept it . It was accepted ; after the hoax was revealed , the publisher withdrew its offer . The primary purpose of the exercise was to test PublishAmerica 's claims to be a `` traditional publisher '' that would only accept high-quality manuscripts . Critics have long claimed that PublishAmerica is actually a vanity press that pays no special attention to the sales potential of the books they publish since most of their revenue comes from the authors rather than book buyers . PublishAmerica had previously made some highly derogatory public remarks about science fiction and fantasy writers , because many of their critics came from those communities ; those derogatory remarks influenced the decision to make such a public test of PublishAmerica 's claims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bcc3b6e1f622a0259aca4d2f02a253b", "text": "Indie Royale Indie Royale were a series of game bundles similar in concept to the Humble Bundle . Purchasers were able to decide how much they want to pay for a bundle , but - unlike the Humble Indie Bundles - Indie Royale bundles had a minimum price . This price was increased slightly every time a buyer chooses to pay the minimum amount , and was reduced when a buyer pays significantly more than the minimum . Indie Royale was a joint venture between the defunct video game download service Desura , which was owned by Bad Juju Games and the independent game editorial site IndieGames.com ( a sister site of Gamasutra and GDC ) . Bundles were released approximately once every 2 weeks and typically run for 7 days , except for `` Lightning Packs '' which ran for 100 hours . Every game included in an Indie Royale bundle supported the Windows operating system , and many also supported Mac OS X or Linux . There were up to 3 ways for a customer to install games purchased through Indie Royale : by using Steam , using Desura , or by directly downloading an installer . However , some games were Steam-exclusive or not on Steam at all , so the available channels varied from game to game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11f02f41ef85dcb406b2cfa1ca3ba721", "text": "Mirage Tavern The Mirage Tavern was a drinking establishment at 731 N. Wells St. in Chicago purchased by the Chicago Sun-Times in 1977 to investigate widespread allegations of official corruption and shakedowns visited on small businesses by city officials . The journalists used hidden cameras to help ensure that city inspectors caught accepting payoffs for ignoring safety hazards were all properly documented . In 1978 , the Sun-Times broke the story in a 25-part series that documented the many abuses and crimes committed at the tavern , which was shaken down repeatedly by state and local officials . The series was initially nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for general reporting , but the Pulitzer board decided not to award the Sun-Times when editor Ben Bradlee of the Washington Post led an attack on the grounds that the reporters used undercover reporting , a form of deception , to report the story . The Mirage gave rise to major reforms including city code revisions , new procedures in city inspections and investigations at federal , state and city levels . The IRS sent in 20 agents to take a closer look at tax fraud by cash businesses . The Illinois Department of Revenue formed a new investigative unit : the Mirage Audit Unit . An ongoing federal investigation , spurred by the Mirage findings , managed indictments of a third of the city 's electrical inspectors in 1978 , with more indictments to come later . The project was overseen by editors James Hoge , Ralph Otwell , Stuart H. Loory and Joseph Reilly . In May 1977 , journalist Pam Zekman and Better Government Association chief investigator Bill Recktenwald purchased the tavern under the aliases Mr. and Mrs. Ray Patterson . Reporter Zay N. Smith , who wrote the series , and BGA investigator Jeff Allen posed as the bartender and manager , respectively . Sun-Times photographers Gene Pesek and Jim Frost were in charge of photographing the tavern 's activities from a hidden section of the tavern built over the washrooms . Corrupt practices ran the gamut from shakedowns to tax fraud . The shakedown amounts were small , typically less than $ 100 , as the reporters learned of what they later called `` the supermarket approach to graft -- low prices , high volume '' that inspectors tended to prefer as the safest way of doing illegal business . Among others , a city electrical inspector agreed to overlook the tavern 's faulty wiring . A fire department lieutenant agreed to sign off on the tavern 's grand opening , despite the loose electrical wiring hanging from rafters and a basement piled high with trash against regulations . A city health inspector ignored maggots and sink drains that emptied down to the basement floor . A state liquor inspector ignored fruit flies in the liquor . ( The tavern quietly corrected all its code violations , on its own , after the shakedown inspections . ) Also reported were illegal kickbacks from pinball operators and jukebox operators ( A.A. Swingtime Music Company ) , as well as tax skimming . Philip J. Barasch , a local accountant , gave the new owners of the bar extensive lessons on how to keep two sets of account books to skim profits without paying tax and advised them exactly what time of day inspectors showed up and how much their shakedowns would typically cost . He also suggested including his business card with any payoffs to help smooth the shakedown process . The only officials he warned against bribing were the police , noting that `` if you pay off a cop , they keep coming around every month , like flies , looking for a payoff '' . The Mirage , after hearing Barash 's tax advice , hired six more accountants specializing in small cash businesses and was counseled by all of them to commit fraud . The tavern , which has had more than one owner since the Sun-Times investigation , is now known , after a number of improvements , as the Brehon Pub .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a54678326c0c917f17b4d69c2e6f545d", "text": "Gambling advertising Gambling advertising is the promotion of gambling by casinos , lotteries , bookmakers or other organisations that provide the opportunity to make bets . It is usually conducted through a variety of media or through sponsorship deals , particularly with sporting events or people . Although not as highly regulated as tobacco advertising and alcohol advertising , in many countries there are strict laws about the way in which such services can be marketed . Gaming operators often sponsor sporting events , sportspeople or television coverage . For example , Bet365 sponsor snooker players and the Channel 4 coverage of The 2005 Ashes was sponsored by Betfair , both being online betting sites . In other instances , they will do stunts to get public attention . For example , many professional boxers have been sponsored by GoldenPalace.com , and sport temporary Golden Palace tattoos on their bodies . To get around advertising restrictions , some online poker companies advertise free-play sites , like PartyPoker.net and PokerStars.net , and sometimes even call these free sites `` poker schools '' . These sites restrict access to those of legal age , even though it is not required . In Australia , the principle gaming agency TAB ( Totalisator Agency Board ) ran advertisements on TV during the 1990s , under the tagline `` The Adrenaline Bet '' ( a play on the company 's name ) . Since then , the TAB has been restricted from all advertising on television and other media , but is still allowed to print race dividends in the newspaper . From September 2007 the UK banned the advertising of around 1,000 gambling sites because they do not meet the guidelines dictated by the Department for Culture , Media and Sport . Channel 4 Racing enjoyed a turnaround in its financial fortunes after UK law was changed to allow bookmakers to advertise directly on TV ; it now contains bookmakers ' adverts placed within the programme , shortly before each race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385b6e4c31559f626a4ce9b8f388a0f5", "text": "Prix des Deux Magots The Prix des Deux Magots is a major French literary prize . It is presented to new works , and is generally awarded to works that are more off-beat and less conventional than those that receive the more mainstream Prix Goncourt . The name derives from the extant Parisian café `` Les Deux Magots '' , which began as a drapery store in 1813 , taking its name from a popular play of the time , `` The two figurines of China '' . It housed a wine merchant in the 19th century , and was refurbished in 1914 into a café .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfa79ba3c5fffefda8c46edb358ce00f", "text": "Café society Café society was the description of the `` Beautiful People '' and `` Bright Young Things '' who gathered in fashionable cafes and restaurants in New York , Paris , and London beginning in the late 19th century . Maury Henry Biddle Paul is credited with coining the phrase `` cafe society '' in 1915 . Lucius Beebe created the term `` chromium mist '' for the cafe society lifestyle he chronicled in his weekly column , `` This New York , '' for the New York Herald Tribune during the 1920s and 1930s . They attended each other 's private dinners and balls and took holidays in exotic locations or at elegant resorts . In the United States , café society came to the fore with the end of Prohibition in December 1933 and the rise of photojournalism , to describe the set of people who tended to do their entertaining semi-publicly , in restaurants and night clubs and who would include among them movie stars and sports celebrities . Some of the American night clubs and New York City restaurants frequented by the denizens of café society included El Morocco , the Stork Club , Restaurant Larue , and the 21 Club . A complete history of New York café society , illustrated with photographs by Jerome Zerbe , was published by McFarland Publishing in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "161587db33e6bc0e7abfc9f9c81274d8", "text": "Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym . Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds . In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin . A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name . A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d8d1f11427c79034d33932b464e996", "text": "Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes . The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism . American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus : Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body . The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd90973ef2bfb01022df5ee9f1b271d3", "text": "Hustler Club The Hustler Club is a series of bars and chain of go-go clubs owned by Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a02282f4ce66b0368e7a28cb635ec50", "text": "Roger la Honte (novel) Roger la Honte is an 1886 novel by the French writer Jules Mary . Its melodramatic plot takes place around the time of the Franco-Prussian War . It is his best known work . In 1887-1889 he published a sequel The Revenge of Roger la Honte which was released in two parts . Robert Williams Buchanan produced a play derived from the work in 1888 , retitled `` Jean the Disgraced '' and premiered at the Elephant and Castle Theater .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa952fc53912378145a6647d742fbf8c", "text": "Little Boy `` Little Boy '' was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay , piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets , Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces . It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare . The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history , after the Trinity test , and the first uranium-based detonation . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 ktonTNT . The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants . Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group of Captain William S. Parsons 's Ordnance ( O ) Division at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II . Parsons flew on the Hiroshima mission as weaponeer . The Little Boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man , it was a gun-type fission weapon , but derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 . This was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium ( the `` bullet '' ) onto a solid cylinder of the same material ( the `` target '' ) by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder . It contained 64 kg of enriched uranium , of which less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission . Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design . After the war ended , it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required , and many plans and diagrams were destroyed , but by mid-1946 the Hanford Site reactors were suffering badly from the Wigner effect , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft ( which could be launched from but not land on the Midway-class aircraft carriers ) . All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d92c63737f80b2d6dddfa952f845d1e2", "text": "Ella Little-Collins Ella Little-Collins ( 1914 - 1996 ) was an American civil rights activist and the half-sister of Malcolm X . She was born in Butler , Georgia , to Earl Little and Daisy Mason-Little ; her paternal grandparents were John ( Big Pa ) Lee Little and Ella Gray-Little , and her siblings , including half-siblings , were Mary , Earl Lee Jr. , Wilfred , Philbert , Hilda , Reginald , Malcolm , Wesley , and Evonne . She worked as congressman Adam Clayton Powell 's secretary , the manager of her mother 's grocery store , and an investor in house property , which she let out as rooming houses . She joined the Nation of Islam in the mid-1950s and helped establish its mosque in Boston and a day-care center attached to it , although she left the Nation in 1959 to become a Sunni Muslim . She supported black and ethnic studies programs in universities across the United States and founded the Sarah A. Little School of Preparatory Arts in Boston . In his autobiography , Malcolm X wrote about the impact his first meeting with his half-sister had on him . She came to visit when he was in seventh grade , and he described her as `` the first really proud black woman I had ever seen '' and wrote `` I had never been so impressed with anybody . '' At the end of the school year , he moved to Roxbury to live with her , and she was his guardian until he turned 21 . Her home , the Malcolm X -- Ella Little-Collins House , is the last known surviving childhood home of Malcolm X. Its exterior was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1998 . When Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam in 1964 , Little-Collins paid for him to make the Hajj . She also paid his funeral and business expenses after his assassination , and took over his Organization of Afro-American Unity , including his project of giving 35 scholarships from Al-Azhar University in Cairo , Egypt , and from the University of Ghana to students wishing to study overseas . In 1988 , both of Little-Collins ' legs were amputated due to gangrene . She died in 1996 . The Ella Collins Institute at the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center is named after her ; its goal is `` to establish a vibrant community by joining a classical understanding of Islam with modern scholarship and a healthy understanding of the current cultural context . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c0b296730334b49ff171fe2cda95027", "text": "MV Mærsk Boston MV Boston is the first of the Maersk B-class of fast container ships . Originally called the `` Maersk Boston '' , her name was changed in September 2010 , to reflect her charter to MSC . She has capacity for approximately 4,000 containers . Designed for rapid transportation between China and the USA , she has never operated on the route . Along with four of her sister ships , she was laid up in Loch Striven , Clyde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4091f49b46e3fdf12d307741e295a856", "text": "Atlantic Northeast The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America , which includes the US states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine , as well as the Canadian Maritimes . The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity , stark climate , landscape of dense forests , and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery . Further uniting this area is the `` Gray Zone '' which is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States . It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine . The only land within this area are two islands , Machias Seal Island and North Rock . The `` Gray Zone '' is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute , but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land . In 1979 , both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights . Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built . Since the Atlantic Northeast is such a large region , it is home to many different types of wildlife , sports teams , and geographical locations . The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics , Boston Bruins , New England Patriots , Halifax Hurricanes , Boston Red Sox and many more . It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle , Atlantic Salmon , and the Swamp Pink . Lastly , the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem , Massachusetts , home of the Salem Witch Trials . Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged , the area has rarely been given a single name . `` Atlantic Northeast '' is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture , another name that is used is Atlantica . '' These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ea78667f65c903d6154771f64c6faa", "text": "David Berkowitz David Richard Berkowitz ( born Richard David Falco ; June 1 , 1953 ) , known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer , is an American serial killer who was convicted of eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976 . The crimes were perpetrated with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver . He killed six people and wounded seven others by July 1977 . As the number of victims increased , Berkowitz eluded the biggest police manhunt in the history of New York City while leaving letters that mocked the police and promised further crimes , which were highly publicized by the press . The killing spree terrorized New Yorkers and achieved worldwide notoriety . On the evening of August 10 , 1977 , Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building , and he was subsequently indicted for eight shooting incidents . He confessed to all of them , and claimed to have been obeying the orders of a demon , manifested in the form of a dog `` Harvey '' who belonged to his neighbor `` Sam '' . Despite his explanation , Berkowitz was found mentally competent to stand trial . He pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was incarcerated in state prison . In the course of further police investigation , Berkowitz was also implicated in many unsolved arsons in the city . Intense coverage of the case by the media lent a kind of celebrity status to Berkowitz , and some observers noted that he seemed to enjoy it . In response , the New York State legislature enacted new legal statutes , known popularly as `` Son of Sam laws '' , designed to keep criminals from profiting financially from the publicity created by their crimes . Despite various amendments and legal challenges , the statutes have remained law in New York , and similar laws have been enacted in several other states . Berkowitz has been imprisoned since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences . During the mid-1990s , he amended his confession to claim that he had been a member of a violent Satanic cult that orchestrated the incidents as ritual murder . He remains the only person ever charged with the shootings , yet some law enforcement authorities have questioned whether Berkowitz 's claims are credible . A new investigation of the murders began during 1996 , but was suspended indefinitely after inconclusive findings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8ce52a70e726c3033b155381fefade", "text": "Scott Manning This page is on the Canadian aerobatic aviator . For the former indoor soccer player see Scott Manning ( soccer ) . Scott Manning ( 15 May 1958 -- 16 June 2006 ) was a Canadian athlete and aerobatic pilot of the world 's smallest jet , the BD-5J . He grew up in Kitchener , Ontario , and earned a degree in Environmental Studies at the University of Waterloo in 1985 . Having played for four years on the Waterloo Warriors football team , he pursued a career in professional football , at a weight of 290 lbs . and 6 ' 3 '' . In the 1980s , he attended training camps with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and the Montreal Alouettes . Scott pursued his football career until a serious knee injury caused a blood clot that almost killed him and rendered him incapable of continuing in the sport . Although told by doctors that he would probably never walk again , Manning slowly regained his mobility . After two years of recovery , Manning decided that he simply `` wanted to fly jets in airshows '' and set out pursuing private and commercial pilot 's licences and eventually earned flight time in some of the world 's most advanced aerobatic aircraft . In 1990 he purchased and decided to construct `` The Stinger '' BD-5J Microjet airplane kit . Construction work took over 6000 work hours . At the end of several engine malfunctions , and countless technical hiccups , his BD-5J emerged as a tiny , but formidable competitor in the airshow circuit and aerobatics arena . Manning piloted his own plane , and was known as the tallest BD-5 pilot in the world , and the operator of the only BD-5J model in Canada . On 16 June 2006 at 12:14 pm Manning was piloting his BD-5J when he crashed and was killed during practice for the Ottawa Air Show . The Canadian Transportation Safety Board issued its final Aviation Investigation Report A06O0141 on Manning 's accident on 2 May 2007 . The report stated one ` finding ' as to the causes and contributing factors of this accident : `` The right flap was incorrectly installed during the wing installation , which allowed the right flap to retract during the fly-past . This created a flap asymmetry that resulted in an uncommanded right roll . The aircraft was at an attitude from which recovery was not possible before the aircraft struck the ground . '' The report also stated two ` Findings as to Risk ' : 1 . `` The right-wing taper bolt did not penetrate deep enough through the spars to engage the fibre locking feature of the locknut . Therefore , the taper bolt was not in safety at the time of the accident . '' 2 . `` The fibre locking feature of the left-wing locknut was worn and did not secure the left-wing taper bolt in safety . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66e44bda2402fda2f4af38eef75389cf", "text": "Falling Down (Sub Focus song) `` Falling Down '' is a song by British DJ and record producer Sub Focus , featuring vocals from Boston-born and London-raised singer Kenzie May . Originally previewed through Douwma ' SoundCloud page on 14 December 2011 , it was released as a free digital download on 1 January 2012 through RAM Records and Mercury Records . The song became the first single of Sub Focus ' second studio album Torus . On 15 May 2012 , the single was re-released as an EP through OWSLA alongside remixes from Nick Thayer , xKore and Sub Focus himself . The VIP also features on the deluxe edition of Torus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5454dfdf6f7ae4de1bb5f728498aa759", "text": "Rugby boy Rugby Boys are a common gang of street children found in the Philippines . They are one of the most well-known poverty-afflicted people found in the slums of the Philippines . They are known for using and being addicted to a contact cement known as `` Rugby '' brand manufactured by Bostik ( who has since added a sniffing deterrent ) and other aromatic solvents to alleviate their hunger , and resulting in crime to fund their addiction . Data from the Philippine Department of Social Welfare and Development show that the number of street children increased by 6,365 yearly , and half of the country 's street children , from 8 to 20 years old , have at one time sniffed Rugby and other inhalants . The relative ease of procuring these substances due to their low cost contributes to widespread abuse . There is no comprehensive epidemiologic data on the magnitude on inhalant abuse among children and adolescents in the Philippines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8f20bf7e159bd3b888ce2841f199c5", "text": "Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1 , 1932 , Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. , 20-month old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh , was abducted from his home in Highfields , New Jersey . On May 12 , his body was discovered nearby . In September 1934 , Richard Hauptmann was arrested and , after a trial lasting from January 2 to February 13 , 1935 , found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to death . He was executed by electric chair at the New Jersey State Prison on April 3 , 1936 . He protested his innocence to the end . Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial `` the biggest story since the Resurrection . '' Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the `` trials of the century '' . The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act , commonly called the `` Lindbergh Law , '' which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe98306039ea0f043208cc00061980d", "text": "B-Boy Records B-Boy Records was an important independent hip hop record label formed by Jack Allen and William Kamarra in 1986 , and situated at 132nd Street and Cypress Avenue in the Bronx , New York City . Its most notable signing was Boogie Down Productions , and it released Boogie Down Productions ' first singles , `` South Bronx '' ( 1986 ) and `` The Bridge is Over '' ( 1987 ) , and the group 's landmark debut album , Criminal Minded ( 1987 ) . Other acts that recorded for the label included JVC Force , Cold Crush Brothers , Levi 167 and Jewel T. The label 's output is a mix of new names and old pioneers , and documents a period in which self-assertive lyrics begin to detail street life even as the music moved from hardcore drum-machine-based tracks to the horns and drum sounds of sampler-based hip hop . B-Boy Records folded in 1988 , though Nate Patrin of Pitchfork Media reports that , `` both Allen and Kamarra have set about reviving the B-Boy Records name independently of each other , and there seems to have been a number of bridges burned between the two men . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "673390a830be9cff707bbd24be2149ee", "text": "Fat Man and Little Boy Fat Man and Little Boy ( a.k.a. Shadow Makers in the UK ) is a 1989 film that reenacts the Manhattan Project , the secret Allied endeavor to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II . The film is named after the weapons `` Little Boy '' and `` Fat Man '' that were detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki , respectively . The code names , originally Fat Man and Thin Man , were drawn from characters in the works of Dashiell Hammett . However , there 's a possible secondary allusion to stout project director Gen. Leslie Groves and the slim scientific director , Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer . The film focuses much attention on the frequently strained relationship between the two men . The film was directed by Roland Joffé and written by Joffe and Bruce Robinson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9beca6acdee56aebbf1f128c1374a1ef", "text": "Boston Light Boston Light is a lighthouse located on Little Brewster Island in outer Boston Harbor , Massachusetts . The first lighthouse to be built on the site dates back to 1716 , and was the first lighthouse to be built in what is now the United States . The current lighthouse dates from 1783 , is the second oldest working lighthouse in the United States ( after Sandy Hook Lighthouse in New Jersey ) , and is the only lighthouse to still be actively staffed by the United States Coast Guard , being automated in 1998 though there is still a keeper acting as tour guide . The structure was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d456010409804c2ccc4958269baf5e6", "text": "Boy (duo) Boy ( stylized BOY ) is a Swiss -- German pop duo founded in 2007 by Swiss singer Valeska Steiner and German bassist Sonja Glass . The two met while at a pop-music course at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in 2005 . The band initially played concerts exclusively , before being discovered and signed to Herbert Grönemeyer 's label , Grönland Records , in 2011 . Their debut album , Mutual Friends ( Gold-certified in Germany ) , was produced by Philipp Steinke and released in the autumn of 2011 . The band sings entirely in English in a style reminiscent of that of Leslie Feist . In the UK , Mutual Friends was released by Decca in June 2012 . The North American release of the album was in February 2013 on Nettwerk Records . Boy won the Hamburg Musician Prize HANS in 2011 in the category Hamburgs Newcomer of the Year , and their album Mutual Friends won the 2012 European Border Breakers Award ( EBBA ) . The duo 's song `` Little Numbers '' was also featured in the Lufthansa Airline 's Business Class advertisement in mid-2012 . In 2013 the song was at No. 4 in the Japan Hot 100 . The duo 's first-ever USA tour launched on March 1 , 2013 with a sold-out performance at Joe 's Pub , New York City . After a two-year hiatus to focus on song-writing , the duo released their second studio album We Were Here in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d507ae03882e89631aea1c9f28e5a7e", "text": "New Boston, Michigan New Boston is an unincorporated community in Huron Charter Township , Wayne County , in the U.S. state of Michigan . Huron Township includes three separate communities : the largest community is New Boston ; south of New Boston , Willow and Waltz are smaller , newer communities being developed with new subdivisions . The Huron River runs just south of downtown New Boston . Huron Township is just south of Romulus , Michigan , and is just west of Flat Rock , Michigan . Interstate 275 ( I-275 ) passes through the middle of the community with three exits providing easy access . Exits off I-275 are Sibley , South Huron , and Will-Carleton roads , the latter being the southern-most exit . New Boston was first settled in 1827 and was originally called `` Catville '' after the initials of the proprietor , C. A. Trowbridge . It received a post office with that name in 1860 . On March 20 , 1868 , it was renamed New Boston , after Boston , Massachusetts . New Boston is home to Gibbs Sweet Station and Mc Nasty 's Saloon . Mary Anne 's Family Diner once used to thrive , but recently closed . New Boston also hosts an Apple Fest every October . Huron River Drive is closed every year just for the Apple Festival , which includes a parade , lots of shopping booths , great food , and live entertainment . Huron High School is also located in the area . New Boston 's assets include open land , proximity to Detroit Metro Airport , and easy access to I-275 and I-94 . In addition , there are three major metro parks in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e28fe30d7899bca394f94980a3c487", "text": "Minuteman Bikeway The Minuteman Bikeway is a 10-mile ( 16-kilometre ) paved multi-use rail trail located in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts . It runs from Bedford to Alewife station , passing through Lexington and Arlington along the way . -RCB- | -RCB- | -RCB- The Minuteman Bikeway runs from Bedford to the Alewife station at the northern end of the Red Line in Cambridge . It passes through the towns of Lexington and Arlington on the way . Also along the route are several notable regional sites , including Alewife Brook Reservation , Spy Pond , `` Arlington 's Great Meadows '' ( actually located in Lexington ) , the Battle Green in Lexington , and Hanscom Air Force Base . At its Cambridge terminus , the bikeway connects with four other bike paths : the Fitchburg Cutoff Path the Cambridge Linear Park which , in turn , leads to the Somerville Community Path . the Alewife Brook Greenway , a connection to the Mystic River bike path , following Alewife Brook . The Alewife Brook extension received $ 4M from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as the `` Minuteman Bikepath Connector '' project . a sidewalk path to Fresh Pond Reservation . Plans are underway to extend the Somerville Community Path to downtown Boston , which would create a much larger continuous bikeway accessible from the Minuteman . At the Bedford end , the Minuteman Bikeway connects with the Narrow Gauge Rail Trail and the Reformatory Branch Rail Trail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a00c2a1e5f0f5406ffc4022aff3c45e3", "text": "Boylston Street Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston street was known as Frog Lane in the early 18th century and was later known as Common Street . It was later again renamed for Ward Nicholas Boylston ( 1747 -- 1828 ) , a man of wealth and refinement , an officer of the Crown , and philanthropist . Boylston , who was a descendent of Zabdiel Boylston , was born in Boston and spent much of his life in it . The Boylston Market was named after him as was the town of Boylston , Massachusetts . Another Boylston Street runs through Boston 's western suburbs , Newton and Brookline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3e95292cc4aefcaa73c02c78f4f1ea", "text": "The School Boy `` The School Boy '' is a 1789 poem by William Blake and published as a part of his poetry collection entitled `` Songs of Innocence . '' These poems were later added with Blake 's `` Songs of Experience '' to create the entire collection entitled `` Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul . '' This collection included poems such as `` The Tyger , '' `` The Little Boy Lost , '' `` Infant Joy , '' and `` The Shepherd ( Blake ) . '' These poems are illustrated with colorful artwork created by Blake first in 1789 . The first printing in 1789 consisted of sixteen copies . None of the copies of Songs of Innocence are exactly alike as some of them are incomplete or were colored in posthumously `` in imitation of '' other copies . `` The School Boy '' is a poem written in the pastoral tradition that focuses on the downsides of formal learning . It considers how going to school on a summer day `` drives all joy away '' . The boy in this poem is more interested in escaping his classroom than he is with anything his teacher is trying to teach . In lines 16-20 , a child in school is compared to a bird in a cage . Meaning something that was born to be free and in nature , is instead trapped inside and made to be obedient .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a0bd0b16971c048e8184d50a21ce460", "text": "Legendary Child `` Legendary Child '' is a single by American hard rock band Aerosmith that was released May 24 , 2012 . The song was originally written and recorded in 1991 during the initial sessions for the Get a Grip album , but was never released . However , a partial instrumental version of the song was played during the Pump Tour in 1990 as part of the `` Sweet Emotion '' medley with the `` Peter Gunn Theme '' . The song has since been re-worked and is now included on Aerosmith 's fifteenth studio album , Music from Another Dimension ! , which was released on November 6 , 2012 . It also appeared in the film G.I. Joe : Retaliation , which was originally scheduled for theatrical release in the summer of 2012 , but was released on March 28 , 2013 . Aerosmith debuted `` Legendary Child '' with a performance of the song on the season finale of the television show American Idol on May 23 , 2012 . After the performance , the song was made available for digital download and premiered on radio stations . After the release of the single , Aerosmith embarked on the Global Warming Tour with Cheap Trick , which took the band to two dozen North American locations from mid-June through mid-August 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a77d51701fe1205eb0aa8278e9ffad", "text": "Kid Nichols Charles Augustus `` Kid '' Nichols ( September 14 , 1869 -- April 11 , 1953 ) was a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters , St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906 . A switch hitter who threw right-handed , he was listed at 5 ft and 175 lbs . He is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame . Nichols played minor league baseball for three teams until September 1889 , when he signed for the Boston Beaneaters . After making his debut the following season and spending twelve seasons with the Beaneaters , Nichols spent a two-year sojourn in the minor leagues . He was dealt to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1904 and subsequently played for the Philadelphia Phillies , with whom he played his final game on May 18 , 1906 . He is most famous for being the youngest pitcher to join the 300 win club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "870c0e0ba59a88cd010aaef0d1bbc455", "text": "Gerald O'Leary Gerald F. `` Gerry '' O'Leary was an American politician from South Boston , Massachusetts . O'Leary was born on August 7 , 1932 , in Boston . He attended English High School of Boston , College of the Holy Cross , and Portia Law School . A student athlete , O'Leary ran the 400 metres at English and played running back for the Holy Cross football team . O'Leary represented the 5th Suffolk District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 to 1969 . He then went on to serve on the Boston City Council from 1968 to 1975 . He was the Council 's President in 1969 and from 1974 to 1975 . He ran for the United States Senate in 1972 , but lost to Middlesex County District Attorney John J. Droney in the Democratic primary . In 1979 , he was elected to the Boston School Committee . He resigned on October 4 , 1980 , after being arrested and charged with attempting to extort a $ 650,000 kickback from a school bus company . He pleaded guilty to violating the Hobbs Act and was sentenced to eighteen months in prison . O'Leary died on May 23 , 2014 , at his home in Quincy , Massachusetts .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "333f7faf70ea56de4d74959e6f93eb3a", "text": "David Angell David Lawrence Angell ( April 10 , 1946September 11 , 2001 ) was an American producer of sitcoms . Angell won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer , along with Peter Casey and David Lee , of the comedy series Frasier . Angell and his wife Lynn both died heading home from their vacation in Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11 . This was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1639e1d03ec4fe827139799104ad7c95", "text": "2013 Soldotna Rediske Air DHC-3 Otter crash On 7 July 2013 , a single-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter , operated by air charter company Rediske Air , crashed and burst into flames at Soldotna Airport in Soldotna , Alaska . The sole crewmember and all nine passengers on board were killed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7b2e8aeae42595e551e8b12abb24711", "text": "Air Canada Flight 189 Air Canada Flight 189 was an Air Canada flight from Ottawa to Vancouver via Toronto and Winnipeg . On June 26 , 1978 , it crashed on takeoff in Toronto killing two passengers . During takeoff at 8:15 a.m. one of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 's tires burst and partially disintegrated , firing chunks of rubber into the landing gear mechanism . This set off an `` unsafe gear '' warning , prompting the pilot to abort the takeoff . The aircraft , however , was already two thirds along the length of runway 23L and travelling at 154 kn . It could not stop before the end of the runway , and plunged off the edge of an embankment still travelling at 60 kn , eventually coming to a rest in the Etobicoke Creek ravine . The plane broke in three pieces , but despite its full load of fuel did not catch fire . The accident was visible from Highway 401 , which runs alongside the south side of the airport . The plane was destroyed and two passengers were killed : 73-year-old J. Frank Scrase of Victoria died when a rib punctured his heart , and 45-year-old Irwin Theodore Childs of North York died of suffocation when he was wedged beneath the seat in front of him . Both were seated at the site of the forward split in the fuselage . All of the other 105 passengers and crew aboard were injured . The subsequent investigation found multiple causes of the accident . It recommended greater scrutiny be given to the tires . The pilot , Reginald W. Stewart , delayed four seconds after the warning light came on before he chose to abort the takeoff ; a more immediate decision would have prevented the accident . The investigators also criticized the level of training in emergency braking . The presence of the ravine at the end of the runway was also questioned , but nothing was done . This failure to expand the airport 's overshoot zone was raised when Air France Flight 358 plunged into the same ravine 27 years later . Although it is customary for airlines to retire a flight number after a major incident , Air Canada continues to use Flight 189 for its Ottawa-Vancouver route and it uses a Airbus A320 aircraft instead of a DC-9 . However , the flight no longer has stopovers in Toronto and Winnipeg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e36cc9345f3522946587f11d63fdeaf", "text": "Hughes Airwest Flight 706 Hughes Airwest Flight 706 was a regularly scheduled flight operated by Hughes Airwest , from Los Angeles , California , to Seattle , Washington , with several intermediate stops . On Sunday , June 6 , 1971 , the Douglas DC-9-31 serving the flight collided in mid-air with a United States Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II over southern California . Flight 706 had departed Los Angeles just after 6 pm , en route to Seattle , with scheduled stopovers in Salt Lake City , Utah ; Boise , Idaho ; Lewiston , Idaho ; Pasco , Washington and Yakima , Washington . The F-4B Phantom was arriving at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro near Irvine from Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada . The F-4 pilot and all 49 passengers and crew aboard the civilian airliner died in the collision over the San Gabriel Mountains , near Duarte . Only the radar intercept officer of the F-4B survived . The crash of RW 706 prompted the US Armed Forces to agree to both reduce the number of military aircraft operating under visual flight rules in civilian air corridors , and to require military aircraft to contact civilian air traffic controllers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019cbaecb5de52bd6eb59a1ae3eeb04b", "text": "El Al El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. ( TASE : ELAL ) , trading as El Al ( אל על , `` To the Skies '' or `` Skywards '' , إل-عال ) , is the flag carrier of Israel . Since its inaugural flight from Geneva to Tel Aviv in September 1948 , the airline has grown to serve over 50 destinations , operating scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights within Israel and to Europe , Middle East , Americas , Africa and the Far East from its main base in Ben Gurion Airport . El Al in principle offers only kosher in-flight meals and does not fly passengers on the Jewish Sabbath or religious holidays . El Al is the only commercial airline to equip its planes with missile defense systems , and is considered one of the world 's most secure airlines , thanks to its stringent security procedures , both on the ground and on board its aircraft . Although it has been the target of many attempted hijackings and terror attacks , only one El Al flight has ever been hijacked . As Israel 's national airline , El Al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts , airlifting Jews from other countries to Israel , setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft ( single plane record of 1,122 passengers ) by Operation Solomon when 14,500 Jewish refugees were transported from Ethiopia in 1991 . In 2012 , El Al operated an all-Boeing fleet of 38 aircraft , flying over 4 million passengers , and employed a staff of 6,056 globally . The company 's revenues for 2011 grew to $ 2.4 billion , totalling losses of $ 49.4 million compared to a profit of $ 57 million in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be734f459d6d28da156ed50ad7f32f47", "text": "2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident On January 31 , 2001 , Japan Airlines Flight 907 , a Boeing 747-400 en route from Haneda Airport , Japan , to Naha Airport , Okinawa , narrowly avoided a mid-air collision with Flight 958 , a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 en route from Gimhae International Airport , South Korea , to Narita International Airport , Japan . The event became known in Japan as the . The incident was attributed to errors made by air traffic controller trainee and trainee supervisor . The incident caused Japanese authorities to call upon the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) to take measures to prevent similar incidents from occurring . Had the collision occurred , given the 677 people on board both aircraft combined , this could have potentially been the deadliest aviation accident in the world , surpassing the Tenerife airport disaster , which killed 583 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486451d3f6eeb68b2119e211e2370f37", "text": "Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Boston , Massachusetts , to Atlanta , Georgia , with scheduled stopovers at John F. Kennedy International Airport , New York ; Richmond , Virginia ; Charlotte , North Carolina ; and Greenville , South Carolina . On the night of February 8 , 1965 , the aircraft serving the flight , a Douglas DC-7 , crashed near Jones Beach State Park , New York , just after taking off from JFK Airport . All 79 passengers and five crew aboard perished . National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) and Civil Aeronautics Board ( CAB ) investigations determined that evasive maneuvers undertaken by Flight 663 to avoid an oncoming Pan Am Boeing 707 caused the pilot to suffer spatial disorientation and lose control of the aircraft . The accident is the third-worst accident involving a DC-7 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6854bd1b8b511eda76009ba7911a4396", "text": "Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized , long-range , narrow-body , four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979 . Its name is commonly pronounced as `` seven oh seven '' . Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to . Developed as Boeing 's first jet airliner , the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines . Although it was not the first jetliner in service , the 707 was the first to be commercially successful . Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s , the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age . It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft , and led to the later series of airliners with `` 7x7 '' designations . The later 720 , 727 , 737 , and 757 share elements of the 707 's fuselage design . The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80 , a prototype jet first flown in 1954 . A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120 , powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines , which first flew on December 20 , 1957 . Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26 , 1958 . Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320 , both of which entered service in 1959 . A smaller short-range variant , the 720 , was introduced in 1960 . The 707-420 , a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans , debuted in 1960 , while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962 , respectively . The 707 has been used on domestic , transcontinental , and transatlantic flights , and for cargo and military applications . A convertible passenger-freighter model , the 707-320C , entered service in 1963 , and passenger 707s have been modified to freighter configurations . Military derivatives include the E-3 Sentry airborne reconnaissance aircraft and the C-137 Stratoliner VIP transports . Boeing produced and delivered 1,011 airliners including the smaller 720 series ; over 800 military versions were also produced . Ten Boeing 707s were in commercial service in July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "251eaba910b61d680928c784f2412727", "text": "Southwest Airlines Flight 3472 Southwest Airlines Flight 3472 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight operating from New Orleans International Airport , LA to Orlando International Airport , FL . On 27 August 2016 , the Boeing 737-7H4 ( WL ) , with 99 passengers and 5 crew , 12 minutes after departure from New Orleans , was climbing through 31,000 feet and heading east over the Gulf of Mexico when the aircraft 's left hand CFM International CFM56-7 engine suffered an uncontained engine failure . Debris from the engine punctured the left side of the fuselage causing a loss of cabin pressure and damaged the wing and empennage . Oxygen masks were deployed to passengers while the crew initiated an emergency descent to 10,000 feet . The aircraft then diverted to Pensacola International Airport for a safe landing on runway 17 about 20 minutes later without further incident . While the aircraft sustained substantial damage , there were no injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "882350244728b6fbb5a2d889dc9ad29b", "text": "Capital Airlines Flight 20 Capital Airlines Flight 20 was a U.S. scheduled passenger flight from Washington , D.C. to Norfolk , Virginia . A Vickers Viscount flying the route crashed into a farm in Charles City County , Virginia , on January 18 , 1960 . The accident was the third fatal crash involving a Capital Viscount in as many years ; the first two were Capital Airlines Flight 75 and Capital Airlines Flight 67 . The plane was cruising at an altitude of 8,000 feet when it encountered icing . This caused two engines to fail . As the craft descended , the other two engines also failed , causing the propellers to autofeather . The crew tried and failed to restart the engines , and were unable to unfeather the propellers normally ; they then put the plane into a dive in an attempt to force the propellers from their feathered position . Eventually they succeeded in restarting engine number four . They applied full power to this engine , which caused the craft to enter a circling descent until crashing into trees ; at the time of impact it had almost no forward velocity . Five trees were driven through the fuselage , yet their trunks remained intact . The crash was attributed to the fact that , as per airline policy , the pilots had delayed arming the engine ice protection systems even though they were flying in icy conditions ; this caused the engines to lose too much power . Capital Airlines changed its emergency checklist after the crash , deleting the instruction that pilots were to descend to a warmer climate to relight the systems and instructing them that , provided that correct procedure was followed , the engine could be restarted at any height . Several decades after the crash , the owners of the farm report finding personal items from time to time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0555519432caa69e206f49e34b452ef5", "text": "American Airlines Flight 63 (disambiguation) American Airlines Flight 63 ( IATA : AA 63 ; ICAO : AAL63 ; AMERICAN 63 ) could refer to several separate incidents that occurred on a flight with that designation . 2001 failed shoe bomb attempt , a failed bombing attempt that occurred on American Airlines Flight 63 flying from Charles De Gaulle International Airport in Paris , France to Miami International Airport in Miami , Florida on 22 December 2001 . American Airlines Flight 63 ( Flagship Missouri ) , a DC-3 that crashed outside of Centerville , Tennessee on October 15 , 1943 , killing all on board . American Airlines Flight 63 ( Flagship Ohio ) , a DC-3 that crashed outside of Trammel , Kentucky on July 28 , 1943 , killing 20 out of 22 on board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2e96fb392598106c2d771f6db24961", "text": "Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 , a Douglas DC-8 flying from New Orleans International Airport to Washington Dulles International Airport , crashed on February 25 , 1964 . All 51 passengers and 7 crew were killed . Among the dead were American opera singer and actor Kenneth Lee Spencer and Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux , a women 's and human rights activist and member of the French delegation to the United Nations . Flight 304 , which had originated in Mexico City , left New Orleans International Airport for Atlanta at 2:01 a.m. , Central Standard Time , and disappeared from radar at 2:10 a.m. Visibility was good , although there was a light rain . The winds were calm . The Coast Guard and other searchers sighted the wreckage around dawn in Lake Pontchartrain , about 20 mi northeast of New Orleans . The subsequent investigation concluded that the jet crashed into Lake Pontchartrain en route due to `` degradation of aircraft stability characteristics in turbulence , because of abnormal longitudinal trim component positions . '' The water was only 20 ft deep , yet only 60 percent of the wreckage was recovered because the breakup was so extensive . The flight data recorder tape was too damaged to help the investigation . Instead , investigators used the maintenance records of the crashed aircraft and of other DC-8s , to conclude that the pilots had trimmed the horizontal stabilizer to the full nose-down position , to counter the excessive nose-up attitude that , in turn , was caused by a malfunctioning pitch trim compensator that had extended too far . Once the upset occurred , it was not possible to trim the horizontal stabilizer back to the nose-up position , because of the severe G-forces generated by the crew 's pulling back on the yoke after the upset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6770e8444e8f6385bac3d7a2a59f07", "text": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash The 1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash was an accident involving a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster of the United States Navy which crashed into a mountain peak in Hawaii on 22 March 1955 , killing all 66 people on board . At the time , it was the worst crash involving any variant of the Douglas DC-6 airliner the second-worst aviation accident in U.S. history , and one of the worst air accidents anywhere in history , and it equalled the 11 August mid-air collision of two United States Air Force C-119G Flying Boxcars over West Germany and the 6 October United Airlines Flight 409 crash as the deadliest air accident of 1955 . It remains the worst air disaster in the history of Hawaii and the deadliest accident involving a heavier-than-air aircraft in the history of United States naval aviation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a485461f7bbbd06d88f2e93078c7369e", "text": "Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 ( IH 870 , AJ 421 ) was an Italian commercial flight operated by a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15 which crashed into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Ponza and Ustica , killing all on board , while en route from Bologna to Palermo in 1980 . Known in the Italian media as the Ustica Massacre ( `` Strage di Ustica '' ) -- Ustica being a small island near the crash-site -- the disaster led to numerous investigations , legal actions , and accusations , and continues to be a source of speculation , including claims of conspiracy by the Italian government and others . Former Italian President Francesco Cossiga attributed the cause of the crash to a missile fired from a French Navy aircraft , despite contrary evidence presented in the Tribunale di Roma 's 1994 report . On 23 January 2013 Italy 's top criminal court ruled that there was `` abundantly '' clear evidence that the flight was brought down by a missile . To date , this remains the deadliest aviation incident involving a DC-9-10 / 15 series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace4b873dd7007eb79ec15c9ce058436", "text": "2011 United Nations Bombardier CRJ-100 crash On 4 April 2011 , a Georgian Airways Canadair Regional Jet ( CRJ 100 ER ) , registration 4L-GAE , using call sign `` UNO 834 '' , operating a domestic flight from Kisangani to Kinshasa for United Nation 's Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo , crashed during Go Around at Kinshasa Airport , at 12:56:52 UTC . At the time of the accident , Kinshasa airfield was experiencing a severe thunderstorm . The aircraft impacted the ground 170 m to the left and abeam the displaced threshold of Runway 24in about a 10 degrees nose down attitude . At the time of impact , aircraft ‟ s heading was 220 degrees and its speed was 180 knot . Following the impact , the aircraft skipped , started breaking up , skidded along the ground and rolled inverted before coming to a halt . During this process , parts of the aircraft including undercarriage , engines , wings and tail section sheared off . There were 32 fatalities , with the sole survivor a Congolese journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8939b5ce301ab526331ac1ca73edd4b8", "text": "American Airlines Flight 1502 American Airlines Flight 1502 was a crew training flight from New York International ( Idlewild ) Airport ( now John F. Kennedy International Airport ) . On 28 January 1961 the aircraft crashed into the ocean 5 miles off Montauk Point , New York , all six crew on-board were killed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad50177fee16215c2a26967dcd8b642", "text": "World Airways Flight 30 World Airways Flight 30 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF airliner which suffered a fatality incident upon landing at Boston Logan International Airport in Boston , Massachusetts , USA after departing Newark International Airport ( now Newark Liberty International Airport ) , Newark , New Jersey , USA on January 23 , 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bead5d3790867fe1b61718175d82b5a7", "text": "United Airlines Flight 232 United Airlines Flight 232 was a DC-10 ( registered N1819U ) that on July 19 , 1989 crash-landed in Sioux City , Iowa after suffering catastrophic failure of its tail-mounted engine , which led to the loss of all flight controls . The flight was en route from Stapleton International Airport in Denver , Colorado to O'Hare International Airport in Chicago . Of the 296 people on board , 111 died in the accident and 185 survived in total . Despite the deaths , the accident is considered a prime example of successful crew resource management due to the large number of survivors and the manner in which the flight crew handled the emergency and landed the airplane without conventional control . The flight crew became well known as a result of their actions , in particular the captain , Alfred C. Haynes , and a DC-10 instructor on board who offered his assistance , Dennis E. Fitch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf55a2433e868572c5bf1392616858c", "text": "Austrian Airlines Flight 901 Austrian Airlines Flight 901 was a flight from Vienna , Austria to Moscow , USSR ( now Russia ) via Warsaw , Poland . On the night of 26 September 1960 the aircraft operating the flight , a Vickers Viscount , crashed near Moscow while on its approach to land , killing 31 of the 37 passengers and crew on board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5838331922198998b0dde756d9bbb6c", "text": "Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 On October 30 , 1959 , Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 , a Douglas DC-3 , crashed on Bucks Elbow Mountain near Crozet , Virginia , killing the crew of three and all but one of its twenty-four passengers . The sole survivor , Ernest P. `` Phil '' Bradley , was seriously injured and lay on the ground near the wreckage , still strapped in his seat . The subsequent investigation determined the cause of the accident to be : `` A navigational omission which resulted in a lateral course error that was not detected and corrected through precision instrument flying procedures . A contributing factor to the accident may have been pre-occupation of the captain resulting from mental stress . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "101e8b69768a97b59445806ae8d99a56", "text": "Annette Herfkens Annette Herfkens ( Maracaibo , 29 April 1961 ) is the sole survivor of Vietnam Airlines Flight 474 which crashed into a mountain on November 14 , 1992 in Vietnam . She survived eight days with multiple injuries and sustained herself only on rainwater . The plane , a Soviet-made Yakovlev Yak-40 jet built in 1976 , was carrying 25 passengers and six crew when it crashed en route to Nha Trang Airport . Some passengers survived the initial impact but died before they could be rescued . Herfkens ' fiancé , who was travelling with her , died instantly upon impact . In 2014 , Herfkens published the memoir recounting her experiences Turbulence : A True Story of Survival . It has `` received great applause from -LSB- its -RSB- audience '' and great critical acclaim from Deepak Chopra , Kirkus Reviews and other authors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "10ff1ed90b6b8eb0909a18065f3ffcf5", "text": "19th G7 summit The 19th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo , Japan , on July 7 -- 9 , 1993 . The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse in Tokyo , Japan . The Group of Seven ( G7 ) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries : France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada ( since 1976 ) and the President of the European Commission ( starting officially in 1981 ) . The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions ; and in fact , a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France 's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany 's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six ( G6 ) summit in 1975 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "74103ecc5bc7257b50bc349638014e27", "text": "Italianization Italianization ( Italianizzazione talijanizacija poitaljančevanje Italianisierung Ιταλοποίηση ) is the spread of Italian culture , people , or language , either by integration or assimilation . It is most known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915 . This process was conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4f41161404854da56a60a6855bd2d9", "text": "Festa della Repubblica Festa della Repubblica ( -LSB- ˈfɛsta della reˈpubblika -RSB- in English , Republic Day ) is the Italian National Day and Republic Day , which is celebrated on 2 June each year . The day commemorates the institutional referendum held by universal suffrage in 1946 , in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the form of government , following the Second World War and the fall of Fascism . With 12,717,923 votes for a republic and 10,719,284 for the monarchy , the male descendants of the House of Savoy were sent into exile . To commemorate it , a grand military parade is held in central Rome , presided over by the President of the Italian Republic in his role as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces . The Prime Minister , formally known as the President of the Council of Ministers , and other high officers of state also attend . There are important celebrations in all the Italian embassies and foreign heads of state are invited . Even though the main parade is in Rome , many Italian cities celebrate the day as well . Prior to the foundation of the Republic , the Italian national day was the first Sunday in June , anniversary of the granting of the Statuto Albertino . From 1977 to 1999 , due to economic reasons , this was the date of the celebrations for the 1946 foundation of the republic . The 2 June date became official in 2000 . The parade was held in Turin in 1961 to mark the centennial year of Italian unification .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c226753cd12b7a11e3287c7ec048829", "text": "Campania Campania ( -LSB- kamˈpaːnja -RSB- ) is a region in Southern Italy . The region at the end of 2014 had a population of around 5,869,000 people , making it the third-most-populous region of Italy ; its total area of 13590 km ² makes it the most densely populated region in the country . Located on the Italian Peninsula , with the Mediterranean Sea to the west , it includes the small Phlegraean Islands and Capri for administration as part of the region . Campania was colonised by Ancient Greeks and was part of Magna Græcia . During the Roman era , the area maintained a Greco-Roman culture . The capital city of Campania is Naples . Campania is rich in culture , especially in regard to gastronomy , music , architecture , archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii , Herculaneum , Paestum and Velia . The name of Campania itself is derived from Latin , as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix , which translates into English as `` fertile countryside '' . The rich natural sights of Campania make it highly important in the tourism industry , especially along the Amalfi Coast , Mount Vesuvius and the island of Capri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f3cbfc2f21c4a4a453976153dafe9ea", "text": "New Italy (faction) New Italy ( Nuova Italia ) is a national - and social-conservative think tank in Italy . Its president is Gianni Alemanno , a post-fascist politician who served as minister of Agriculture in 2001 -- 2006 and mayor of Rome in 2008 -- 2013 . Formed in 2006 within National Alliance ( AN ) , the successor party of the Italian Social Movement ( MSI ) , New Italy was affiliated to The People of Freedom ( PdL ) , a broad centre-right party led by Silvio Berlusconi , from its foundation in 2009 to 2013 , when Alemanno left the party to launch Italy First .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55436cda6470e25b0ba46943aa8c4d6", "text": "Indonesia–Italy relations Indonesia -- Italy relations refers to the bilateral relations of Indonesia and Italy . Italy has shown strong desire to improve its relations with Indonesia , especially in intercultural understanding and trade . Indonesia recognizes Italy 's strategic location and important role in the middle of Mediterranean region , while Italy has favoured relations with Indonesia , and sees Indonesia as the leader in Southeast Asia . The relations between two countries not only important to bridge the two regional communities ; European Union and ASEAN , but also vital as intercultural and interfaith dialog , since Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world , and Italy is the heart of the Catholic faith . Indonesia has an embassy in Rome , that also accredited to Malta , Cyprus , San Marino , and international organizations such as FAO , IFAD , WFP , and UNIDROIT , while Italy has an embassy in Jakarta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "813359116fc73e9e970c8702d0e4ed40", "text": "Seventh European Parliament The seventh European Parliament was elected in the 2009 elections and lasted until the 2014 elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d323ae29182b0f3fab13e5f42e2160a", "text": "Italian presidential election, 1971 The Italian presidential election of 1971 was held in Italy on 9 -- 24 December 1971 . Only members of Parliament and regional delegates are entitled to vote . As head of state of the Italian Republic , the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution , in the framework of a parliamentary system . Former Prime Minister and President of the Chamber of Deputies Giovanni Leone was elected President with 518 votes out of 1,008 , the smallest majority ever obtained . With twenty-three rounds of voting , this presidential election was the longest of Italian republican history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcc7fce449e6f8dd329f7911a6cafe3", "text": "Italian general election, 1979 General elections were held in Italy on June 3 , 1979 . This election was called just a week before the European vote : the lack of matching between the two elections caused much controversy for wasting public money . Terroristic attacks by the Red Brigades caused a result which was quite opposite than three years before : for the first time the Italian Communist Party lost a lot of votes , delaying that government change that was seeming imminent in 1976 , and the Communist defeat gave a new strength to all the minor parties , a concentration of vote on the Christian Democracy seeming less urgent to stop the red progress . However , the catholic party remained stable , while neo-fascist Italian Social Movement was weakened by its spin-off National Democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be615eeb294584461fd1daa2b40e297a", "text": "Italian general election, 1996 A snap national general election was held in Italy on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic . Romano Prodi , leader of the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree , won the election , narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi , who led the Pole for Freedoms centre-right coalition . For the election , the Lega Nord of Umberto Bossi ran alone , after having left the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994 , causing a crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini , which in turn lost its Parliamentary support in 1995 , forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament . The Communist Refoundation Party , led by Fausto Bertinotti , instead made a pre-electoral alliance with The Olive Tree , presenting its own candidates , supported by Prodi 's coalition , mainly in some safe leftist constituencies , in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones , and ensuring external support for a Prodi government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7c59c973a8cda06ab93eb8dc10d8c8", "text": "Sicilian Regional Assembly The Sicilian Regional Assembly is the legislative body of Sicily . While it has a long history as an autonomous region , the modern Region of Sicily was established by Royal Decree on May 15 , 1946 , before the Italian Republic . The Regional Assembly has the widest legislative power in Italy and is the only regional assembly to have the title of `` parliament '' whose members are called `` deputies '' like those in Rome . Ninety deputies are elected every five years in the nine provinces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a07777584d7dd038abd7bf861d24be", "text": "19th SAARC summit The 19th SAARC summit is a scheduled diplomatic conference , which was originally planned to be held in Islamabad , Pakistan on 15 -- 16 November 2016 . The summit was to be attended by the leaders of the eight SAARC member states and representatives of observers and guest states . Following the rising diplomatic tensions after the Uri terrorist attack , India announced its boycott of the summit , alleging Pakistan 's involvement in the attack . Later , Bangladesh , Afghanistan and Bhutan also pulled out of the summit . culminating in an indefinite postponement of the summit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0ee6f86b3678e1395916641bdd1ff9", "text": "United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 is a resolution upgrading Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations . It was adopted by the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly on 29 November 2012 , the date of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People and the 65th anniversary of the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 181 ( II ) on the Future Government of Palestine . The draft resolution was proposed by Palestine 's representative at the United Nations . It , however , maintains the status of the Palestinian Liberation Organization as the representative of the Palestinian people within the United Nations system . Though strongly contested by the United States and the government of Israel , former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert expressed support for the measure . The motion was seen as largely symbolic , though it could allow Palestine to start proceedings at the International Criminal Court against Israel . Its timing , following a year in which Palestine obtained membership of UNESCO and the UN Security Council was unable `` to make a unanimous recommendation '' on their application for full UN membership , and coming several days after the completion of Operation Pillar of Defense , was also noted . The new status equates Palestine with that of the Holy See within the United Nations system and implicitly recognises Palestinian sovereignty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d13b1b69182bcdd7dc71f2a28e221df", "text": "Figurehead In politics , a figurehead is a person who holds de jure ( in name or by law ) an important title or office ( often supremely powerful ) , yet de facto ( in reality ) executes little actual power . The metaphor derives from the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship . Commonly cited figureheads include Queen Elizabeth II , who is Queen of sixteen Commonwealth realms and head of the Commonwealth , but has no power over the nations in which she is not head of state and does not exercise power in her own realms on her own initiative . Other figureheads are the Emperor of Japan , the King of Sweden , or presidents in majority of parliamentary republics , such as the President of India , President of Israel , President of Bangladesh , President of Greece , President of Germany , President of Pakistan , and President of China ( when not simultaneously holding the CPC General Secretary and Chairman of CMC posts ) . During the crisis of the March on Rome in 1922 , King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , though a figurehead , played a key role in handing power to Benito Mussolini . More than 20 years later , the same King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy played a key role in the dismissal of Benito Mussolini in 1943 . Since the abolition of monarchy in Italy and the establishment of a republic in 1946 , the Italian President assumed most of the ceremonial functions of the previous kings ; however , the Italian President retains large powers in appointing a prime minister of his choice when in parliament there 's no clear majority government , creating a so-called `` president 's cabinet '' ( a technocratic cabinet ) . For example , the former Prime Minister of Italy , Sen Mario Monti , was appointed by the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano as a lifetime-senator and then as Prime Minister of the country , not after a new election . Italian President 's powers and influence are so much stronger is the weaker political parties ' leadership . This system is called `` accordion '' . Conversely , King Juan Carlos I of Spain , also largely considered a figurehead , had in 1981 a key role in defending the newborn Spanish democracy and foiling the attempted coup d'état , known as `` 23-F '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39d2f81240e002d253b9d0f6e0b8ba8", "text": "Peace Implementation Council The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom on December 8 and 9 , 1995 , subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month . The Council is , in effect , the realization , through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , of the international community 's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement . This international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable . The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways - by assisting it financially , providing troops for SFOR , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina . There is also a fluctuating number of observers . Since the London conference , the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define the goals of peace implementation for the coming period : in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London ; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium . The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement , as set out in Annex 10 the Dayton Agreement . For example , the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called `` Bonn authority '' to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement . The High Representative from 2006-2007 , Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used this power sparingly , to promote confidence in elected domestic government . This strategy was reversed by the new appointee to that post , Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89702fc3627a8069f6d05475e915066e", "text": "9th G7 summit The 9th G7 Summit was held at Williamsburg , Virginia , United States during the 28th to 30 May 1983 . The venue for the summit meetings was Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia . The Group of Seven ( G7 ) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries : France , West Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada ( since 1976 ) and the President of the European Commission ( starting officially in 1981 ) . The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions ; and in fact , a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France 's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany 's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six ( G6 ) summit in 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d4f72fdc38fe467162db8c69356e2d6", "text": "Mediterranean Agreements (1887) The Mediterranean Agreements ( German Mittelmeerentente ; French Entente de la Méditerranée ) were a series of treaties signed in 1887 by the United Kingdom with the Italy on 12 February ( through the mediation of Germany ) , with Austria-Hungary on March 24 and with Spain on May 4 . Further notes were exchanged between Britain , Italy and Austria-Hungary on 12 December . On the face of it the treaties recognised the status quo in the Mediterranean Sea . In fact , one of the objectives was to halt the expansion of the Russian Empire in the Balkans and her wish to control the straits of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles . From that perspective it also assured the survival of the Ottoman Empire . It also protected Italian interests against France . Thus it united forces hostile to Russia in the Balkans and to France in North Africa . From the point of view of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the benefit of these agreements to which Germany was not a party , was in bringing Britain closer to the Triple Alliance of Germany , Italy and Austria-Hungary . This advantage proved short-lived since Britain achieved a rapprochement with Russia . The Alliance was dissolved in 1896 when Wilhelm II , German Emperor alienated Great Britain with his `` Kruger telegram '' . The treaty potentially conflicted with the Reinsurance Treaty of 1888 , between Germany and Russia . In the secret protocol to the Reinsurance Treaty , Bismarck lent support to Russia 's expansion efforts . Thus the Mediterranean Agreement , while not a de jure contradiction of the Reinsurance Treaty was at least contrary to its spirit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac3a9b0789b6e875fa85cac07e365e56", "text": "Italian general election, 1976 General elections were held in Italy on June 20 , 1976 . They were the first after the voting age was lowered to 18 . If Christian Democracy remained stable with around 38 % of votes , Enrico Berlinguer 's Italian Communist Party made a great jump winning 7 points more than four years before : this result , which was quite homogeneous in the entire society because confirmed by the electors of the age-restricted Senate , began to show the possibility of a future change of the Italian government leadership . All minor parties lost a lot of votes to the DC in the attempt to fight the Communist progress : between them , historic Italian Liberal Party was nearly annihilated . Two new leftist forces made their debut in this election : the ultra-liberal Radical Party , which had led a successful referendum on divorce , and the far-left Marxist and Maoist Proletarian Democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f44d331eeaf0e0dbdfd77682deecd83", "text": "Ministry of Interior (Italy) The Ministry of Interior ( Ministero dell ` Interno ) is a government agency of Italy , headquartered in Rome . It is cabinet-level ministry of the Italian Republic . As of 12 December 2016 , Marco Minniti is the minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7829f251652a7df19153691911d8857", "text": "Politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia The Politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Italy , takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democracy , whereby the President of Regional Government is the head of government , and of a pluriform multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Regional Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68b287eab055bc25c955883b22f42f18", "text": "List of heads of state of Italy This is a list of the heads of state of Italy , from the unification of Italy in 1861 to the present day . From 1861 to 1946 the head of state was the King of Italy , who was the same person as the King of Sardinia according to the Constitution . Italy became a republic under the Constitution of 1948 and the monarch was replaced by a President .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a319194fc269afd69393d32d6525effc", "text": "IBM International Business Machines Corporation ( commonly referred to as IBM ) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk , New York , United States , with operations in over 170 countries . The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company ( CTR ) and was renamed `` International Business Machines '' in 1924 . IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware , middleware and software , and offers hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology . IBM is also a major research organization , holding the record for most patents generated by a business ( as of 2017 ) for 24 consecutive years . Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine ( ATM ) , the PC , the floppy disk , the hard disk drive , the magnetic stripe card , the relational database , the SQL programming language , the UPC barcode , and dynamic random-access memory ( DRAM ) . The IBM mainframe , exemplified by the System/360 , was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s . IBM has continually shifted its business mix by commoditizing markets focusing on higher-value , more profitable markets . This includes spinning off printer manufacturer Lexmark in 1991 and selling off its personal computer ( ThinkPad/ThinkCentre ) and x86-based server businesses to Lenovo ( 2005 and 2014 , respectively ) , and acquiring companies such as PwC Consulting ( 2002 ) , SPSS ( 2009 ) , and The Weather Company ( 2016 ) . Also in 2014 , IBM announced that it would go `` fabless '' , continuing to design semiconductors , but offloading manufacturing to GlobalFoundries . Nicknamed Big Blue , IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world 's largest employers , with ( as of 2016 ) nearly 380,000 employees . Known as `` IBMers '' , IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes , six Turing Awards , ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c3a6175b1b172b417e662cfda6f9bc34", "text": "Device Bay Device Bay was a standard jointly developed by Compaq , Intel and Microsoft in 1997 , as a simple way to add , remove , and share hardware devices . Originally intended to be introduced in the second half of 1998 , Device Bay was never finalized and has long since been abandoned . The official website disappeared in mid-2001 . Making use of new technologies at the time , such as USB and Firewire , Device Bay was intended to make adding and removing devices from the PC easier , through the use of plug-n-play . It allowed peripherals such as hard drives , CD/DVD-ROM drives , audio devices , and modems , to be added to the PC without having to open the case or even turn the PC off . Devices could also be removed from the PC while it was still turned on ; this could also be done through software in the operating system . Another advantage of Device Bay was that it allowed certain devices to be swapped between a desktop and laptop computer . HP released a line on PCs that uses the idea of device bay to expand the personal storage on a personal computer and marketed them as `` HP Personal Media Drives '' . These Drives/Bays are primarily available on the HP Media Center PCs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea961aac90eb8511ed74b523ff9b735f", "text": "Monolithic application In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a single-tiered software application in which the user interface and data access code are combined into a single program from a single platform . A monolithic application is self-contained , and independent from other computing applications . The design philosophy is that the application is responsible not just for a particular task , but can perform every step needed to complete a particular function . Today , some personal finance applications are monolithic in the sense that they help the user carry out a complete task , end to end , and are `` private data silos '' rather than parts of a larger system of applications that work together . Some word processors are monolithic applications . These applications are sometimes associated with mainframe computers . In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a software application which is designed without modularity . Modularity is desirable , in general , as it supports reuse of parts of the application logic and also facilitates maintenance by allowing repair or replacement of parts of the application without requiring wholesale replacement . Modularity is achieved to various extents by different modularization approaches . Code-based modularity allows developers to reuse and repair parts of the application , but development tools are required to perform these maintenance functions ( e.g. the application may need to be recompiled ) . Object-based modularity provides the application as a collection of separate executable files which may be independently maintained and replaced without redeploying the entire application ( e.g. Microsoft `` dll '' files ; Sun/UNIX `` shared object '' files ) . Some object messaging capabilities allow object-based applications to be distributed across multiple computers ( e.g. Microsoft COM + ) . Service-oriented architectures use specific communication standards/protocols to communicate between modules . In its original use , the term `` monolithic '' described enormous main frame applications with no usable modularity . This -- in combination with rapid increase in computational power and therefore rapid increase in the complexity of the problems which could be tackled by software -- resulted in unmaintainable systems and the `` software crisis '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d24e5f172fe837e0e92d8efc631fd96a", "text": "Tape drive A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape . Magnetic tape data storage is typically used for offline , archival data storage . Tape media generally has a favorable unit cost and a long archival stability . A tape drive provides sequential access storage , unlike a hard disk drive , which provides direct access storage . A disk drive can move to any position on the disk in a few milliseconds , but a tape drive must physically wind tape between reels to read any one particular piece of data . As a result , tape drives have very slow average seek times to data . However , tape drives can stream data very quickly off a tape when the required position has been reached . For example , Linear Tape-Open ( LTO ) supported continuous data transfer rates of up to 140 MB/s , comparable to hard disk drives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c434b1c377b95c725f2738ab6aba6c6", "text": "IBM 700/7000 series The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale ( mainframe ) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s . The series includes several different , incompatible processor architectures . The 700s use vacuum tube logic and were made obsolete by the introduction of the transistorized 7000s . The 7000s , in turn , were eventually replaced by System/360 , which was announced in 1964 . However the 360/65 , the first 360 powerful enough to replace 7000s , did not become available until November 1965 . Early problems with OS/360 and the high cost of converting software kept many 7000s in service for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e0e4b0b8a17f6b74d5219de57ad3c2", "text": "Proprietary DVR DVRs , or Digital Video Recorders , are devices which record video to a hard drive . The term Proprietary DVR refers to exclusive methodologies used to maintain commercial control over the DVR format and prevent third-party copying of a particular file . CCTV systems are used for the detection and recording of crime , but the analysts and law enforcement personnel who are required to obtain and process video recorded with proprietary DVRs may face problems using the proprietary format . Most established manufacturers will provide tools for law enforcement agencies to play and copy footage from such systems . The opposite of proprietary DVR is standard or PC-based DVR . ( Although , in fact , many proprietary DVR 's are PC-based devices . ) Currently there is no standard output for the security industry to follow . Because of this , analysts are forced to obtain a compatible `` player '' in order to view the video . Some proprietary DVRs are delivered to the end-user in an executable player which allows for navigation . Some require the installation of the player . Others simply require a codec to be available on the system that is playing , then it will become viewable in a common player such as Windows Media Player . Some proprietary DVR systems offer more than one output format , such as the native format as well as a standard format such as AVI . Some also offer a composite video output PAL or NTSC . Some security companies are reluctant to offer anything other than their proprietary format . Reasons cited for maintaining control over the file by impeding conversion vary , but most companies will make `` tamper resistance '' a sellable feature , while disregarding the work required of an analyst or court in order to present the video . Another selling point of proprietary DVR systems is compression . Video compression removes information in exchange for a smaller file size . Increasing compression leads to the ability to store longer periods on a disk , at the expense of sacrificing some of the detail in the images . This trade-off must be considered when attempting to balance image quality and recording time in a DVR . As storage drives become cheaper and larger , compression sacrifices are improving . A problem inherent in proprietary DVR output is accuracy . There is a good chance that the video image as viewed has an incorrect aspect ratio and/or color information . Color may be off simply due to the calibration of the monitor being used , but often color information is not recorded accurately . It is not very common to white balance security cameras unless it is done at set up . Aspect ratios may also be recorded improperly and could actually be quite distorted . Aspect ratios on some players are sometimes user-adjustable by dragging the viewer in one direction or the other . Contrary to attempts made by proprietary DVR developers , it is possible to change virtually any DVR image into another format , but it can not be done through digital conversion , such as changing an MPEG-2 to AVI . Instead it is done by intercepting the pixels sent by the proprietary DVR to the users monitor . There are a number of software available that will capture an area of a screen and generate an uncompressed file in a common format . Gradually technology is improving and DVR systems are capable of having features that analog video could never provide . One feature is the ability to store metadata , such as point of sale information . Another feature may be for an event ( movement , panic button , door/drawer opening ) to trigger a system to record at a higher resolution . Perhaps the greatest feature is the ability to navigate directly to an area of interest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f229c7b34831c7a1f6c33058d1a9677", "text": "HP Time-Shared BASIC HP Time-Shared BASIC ( HP TSB ) is an interpreter software system that was sold by the Hewlett-Packard Company in the late 1960s and 1970s , based on their HP 2100 line of minicomputers . The system implements a dialect of the BASIC programming language and a rudimentary user account and program library system . The software was also known by its versioned name , tied to the hardware version on which it ran , such as HP 2000C Time-Shared BASIC and the operating system came in different varieties -- 2000A , 2000B , 2000C , High-Speed 2000C , 2000E , 2000F , and 2000/Access . The system is historically notable as the platform that released the first public versions of the game Star Trek . Except for the 2000A and 2000E systems , the system is implemented using a dual-processor architecture . One fully configured HP 2100-series processor is used for execution of most of the system code and all of the user code and a second , smaller HP 2100-series processor is used to handle the RS-232 serial lines through which the time-sharing users connected . Depending on the hardware configuration , the system supports up to 16 or up to 32 simultaneous remote users . The usual terminal for a TSB system was a Teletype Model 33 ASR and connected directly to the I/O processor or through a modem or acoustic coupler . Account names are a combination of one alphabetic character , followed by three decimal digits , e.g. , B001 . Privileged accounts started with the letter `` A '' and had some additional command and program storage capabilities . The superuser account is A000 . This scheme allows up to 26,000 user accounts . ( In the offshoot system created by BTI Computer Systems accounts beginning with '' @ '' were superuser accounts . ) During execution , user programs are swapped to fixed-head drum memory . When not executing , user programs are stored on moving-head cartridge - or pack-loaded disk storage . Privileged users can also store programs on the much-faster drum . The hard drive was backed up to magnetic tape . Program and file names consist of a mix of up to six alphabetic characters ( A-Z ) and numbers ( 0-9 ) . Programs are stored in a tokenized format , using the SAVE command . They can also be stored in a semi-compiled format , using the CSAVE command , which allows them to start quicker . Since the system was closely tied to the use of commonly available teleprinters , line endings in files consisted of the carriage return character ( ASCII CR , 0D hexadecimal ) , followed by the linefeed character ( ASCII LF , 0A hexadecimal ) . The language is a fairly standard implementation of BASIC , providing an integrated editing and runtime environment . Statements are analyzed for correct syntax as they are entered and then stored in tokenized form . Each BASIC statement has to be on a uniquely numbered line , e.g. , 10 PRINT `` HELLO WORLD '' and can only contain one statement , although multiple variable assignments are allowed , e.g. , 20 LET A = B = C = 42 ( use of the word `` LET '' was optional ) . Line numbers are mandatory and statements are automatically placed in ascending numeric sequence . In the earliest version ( 2000A ) , the language supported the following features . Later versions added many more features . Unconditional program flow-control via GOTO statements , and subroutines via the GOSUB and RETURN statements Conditional flow-control via IF/THEN statement and simple variable-based block loop FOR and NEXT statements Calculated flow-control via the GOTO/OF and GOSUB/OF statements In-code data storage via DATA , READ , and RESTORE statements Input from and output to the user or a disc file via INPUT , READ # , PRINT , PRINT # , and IF END # statements Numeric variables of the form `` A '' or `` An '' ( where A is a single letter and n a single , optional digit ) stored as 32-bit floating-point numbers String variables of the form `` A$ '' ( where A is a single letter ) , storing from 0 to 72 characters One - or two-dimensional matrix ( array ) variables of the form `` A -LSB- x -RSB- '' or `` A -LSB- x , y -RSB- '' Matrix operations via statements ( MAT READ , MAT INPUT , MAT PRINT , MAT =) and operations ( + , - , * , ZER , CON , IDN , INV , TRN ) Boolean operators ( AND , OR , NOT ) and relational operators ( < , < = , = , # , < > , > = , and > ) Built-in mathematical functions including trigonometric ( SIN , COS , TAN , ATN ) , logarithms ( LOG , EXP ) , square root ( SQR ) , random number generator ( RND ) , others ( ABS , INT , SGN , MIN , MAX ) , and user-defined functions Punched tape operations using Teletype Model 33 electromechanical teleprinter remote terminals Substrings within strings are accessed using a substring notation : `` A$ ( L , R ) '' or `` A$ -LSB- L , R -RSB- '' , where the substring begins with the leftmost character specified by the index L and continues to the rightmost character specified by the index R , `` A$ -LSB- L -RSB- '' where the substring starts at the leftmost character specified by the index L and continues to the end of the string . ( TSB accepts or -LSB- -RSB- interchangeably . ) This is in sharp contrast to some later microcomputer BASICs that use functions such as LEFT$ , MID$ , and RIGHT$ to access substrings , although ANSI BASIC continues to use a similar substring syntax to that introduced by Hewlett-Packard . HP 's notation can also be used on the destination side of a LET or INPUT statement to modify part of an existing string value , for example 100 A$ -LSB- 3,5 -RSB- = `` XYZ '' or 120 B$ -LSB- 3 -RSB- = `` CHANGE ALL BUT FIRST TWO CHARS '' , which can not be done with early implementations of LEFT/MID/RIGHT $ . Array and substring indices start with 1 . Boolean and relational operators can be used in any mathematical expression ( giving 0 for false or 1 for true ) , which was unusual for BASIC languages of that time , but became very popular in languages like C. Differences from Dartmouth BASIC included the use of square brackets for arrays and # for < > .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f6a25ed9b9d1a82df17ad234a5f96d", "text": "Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . '' Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research . Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization . Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "686595e1fdfa30cfbbf881e54de2b403", "text": "Linux on z Systems Linux on z Systems ( or Linux on z for short , and previously Linux on System z ) is the collective term for the Linux operating system compiled to run on IBM mainframes , especially IBM z Systems and IBM LinuxONE servers . Similar terms which imply the same meaning are Linux on zEnterprise , Linux on zSeries , Linux/390 , Linux/390x , etc. . The terms zLinux or z/Linux are also sometimes used , but these terms are discouraged by IBM as they create the implication of an IBM-offered or IBM-distributed version of Linux , which is incorrect . ( Further , `` zLinux '' without the slash is definitely incorrect , as it 's software , and software takes a slash : z/VM , z/OS , z/VSE , et al. ; hardware does not : z900 , z13 , et al. . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8912100f99e01c2688cbb106ea0f4187", "text": "Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented . This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service . There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream . IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications . Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers . `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing . The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients . One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle . The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29a7b15dc33690def877e234ac4bcc8", "text": "MS-DOS MS-DOS ( -LSB- ˌɛmɛsˈdɒs -RSB- ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System ) is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft . Collectively , MS-DOS , its rebranding as IBM PC DOS , and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS , are sometimes referred to as `` DOS '' ( which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system ) . MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early 1990s , when it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface ( GUI ) , in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system . MS-DOS resulted from a request in 1981 by IBM for an operating system to use in its IBM PC range of personal computers . Microsoft quickly bought the rights to 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products , and began work on modifying it to meet IBM 's specification . IBM licensed and released it in August 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in their PCs . Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM , the two products diverged after twelve years , in 1993 , with recognizable differences in compatibility , syntax , and capabilities . During its life , several competing products were released for the x86 platform , and MS-DOS went through eight versions , until development ceased in 2000 . Initially MS-DOS was targeted at Intel 8086 processors running on computer hardware using floppy disks to store and access not only the operating system , but application software and user data as well . Progressive version releases delivered support for other mass storage media in ever greater sizes and formats , along with added feature support for newer processors and rapidly evolving computer architectures . Ultimately it was the key product in Microsoft 's growth from a programming languages company to a diverse software development firm , providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources . It was also the underlying basic operating system on which early versions of Windows ran as a GUI . It is a flexible operating system , and consumes negligible installation space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e190654d87cc87b1ac4b7df9690ac03", "text": "History of IBM CKD Controllers Beginning with its 1964 System/360 announcement IBM 's mainframes initially accessed CKD ( Count key data ) subsystems via a channel connected to separate Storage Control Units ( SCUs ) with attached Direct Access Storage Devices ( DASD ) , typically a hard disk drive . This practice continued in IBM 's larger mainframes thru System/370 ; however low end systems generally used lower cost integrated attachments where the function of the SCU was combined with that of the channel , typically called an Integrated File Adapter . The System/360 selector channel was followed by the System/370 block multiplexor channel which could operate as a selector channel to allow attachment of legacy subsystems . The SCU evolved into a Director and Controller , the latter typically labelled an `` A-unit '' ( or A-Box '' ) with the controller and at least one DASD physically in an A-unit . An Integrated Storage Control ( ISC ) is a Director within the cabinet of an IBM System . A Director could attach from one to four A-units . One or more conventional DASD , now labeled a `` B-unit '' could attach to an A-unit The following sections list in order of announcement IBM mainframe CKD storage controls , categorized as conventional storage controls , director type storage controls and integrated controls attaching an A-unit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b5ebb249a21317c237eabc28f7e500a", "text": "History and standardization of Portable Document Format The Portable Document Format was created in the early 1990s by Adobe Systems , and remained proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008 . Since then , it is under control of an International Organization for Standardization Committee of volunteer industry experts . PDF was developed in the early 1990s as a way to share documents , including text formatting and inline images , among computer users of disparate platforms who may not have access to mutually-compatible application software . It grew out of a system called `` Camelot '' developed by Adobe 's co-founder John Warnock . PDF was one among a number of competing formats such as DjVu , Envoy , Common Ground Digital Paper , Farallon Replica and even Adobe 's own PostScript format . In those early years before the rise of the World Wide Web and HTML documents , PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows . PDF 's adoption in the early days of the format 's history was slow . Adobe Acrobat , Adobe 's suite for reading and creating PDF files , was not freely available ; early versions of PDF had no support for external hyperlinks , reducing its usefulness on the Internet ; the larger size of a PDF document compared to plain text required longer download times over the slower modems common at the time ; and rendering PDF files was slow on the less powerful machines of the day . Adobe distributed its Adobe Reader ( now Acrobat Reader ) program free of charge from version 2.0 onwards , and continued supporting the original PDF , which eventually became the de facto standard for fixed-format electronic documents . In 2008 Adobe Systems ' PDF Reference 1.7 became ISO 32000:1:2008 . Thereafter , further development of PDF ( including PDF 2.0 ) is conducted by ISO 's TC 171 SC 2 WG 8 with the participation of Adobe Systems and other subject matter experts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d71a05daad0f7cafcd57b6ec5f61d874", "text": "UNIVAC Solid State The UNIVAC Solid State was a magnetic drum-based solid-state computer announced by Sperry Rand in December 1958 as a response to the IBM 650 . It was one of the first computers to be ( nearly ) entirely solid-state , using 700 transistors , and 3000 magnetic amplifiers ( FERRACTOR ) for primary logic , and 20 vacuum tubes largely for power control . It came in two versions , the Solid State 80 ( IBM-style 80 column cards ) and the Solid State 90 ( Remington-Rand 90 column cards ) . In addition to the `` 80/90 '' designation , there were two variants of the Solid State -- the SS I 80/90 and the SS II 80/90 . The SS II series included two enhancements -- the addition of 1,280 words of core memory and support for magnetic tape drives . The SS I had only the standard 5,000-word drum memory described in this article and no tape drives . Both variants included a card reader , a card punch , and the line printer described in this article . The only `` console '' was a 10-key adding machine-type keypad , from which the operator would enter the commands to boot the computer . That keypad was also used by programmers in the debugging process . There was no Operating System as we have come to know them in recent years ; every program was completely self-contained , including the boot loader that initiated execution . All programs were loaded from punched cards ; even on the SS II , with its tape drives , there was no ability to launch programs from those drives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c19a19636a94f971e33d82abb23e6b", "text": "IBM System/36 BASIC IBM System/36 BASIC was an interpreter for the IBM System/36 midrange computer . System/36 BASIC was first offered in 1983 , and as such , contained many of the trappings that a BASIC program would have encountered in the time period of the IBM PC , the Commodore 64 , the VIC-20 , the TRS-80 , or many other offerings of the Seventies and early Eighties . As such , S/36 BASIC uses conventions that are no longer standard in modern BASICs , such as line numbers , and does not support newer features such as WHILE/WEND , DO/ENDDO , WITH/END WITH , procedures , properties , and so forth . BASIC interpreters written in the Seventies tended to `` do odd things odd ways '' . For example , on the Apple II , a programmer could embed a command into a program via PRINT , when prefaced by the character string CHR$ ( 4 ) . PEEK and POKE could be used in various BASICs to examine memory content or change it , or even to create an ad hoc machine language program and then run it . System/36 BASIC tends to stay away from these odd conventions ; however , the programmer could call for the Alarm ( a buzzing sound made by the terminal ) via PRINT CHR$ ( 7 ) . BASIC statements are expected to be entered in capital letters , and while the operator can press Cmd2 to use lowercase , the BASIC interpreter will convert non-comment keywords into uppercase . So that BASIC could be useful in a midrange computing environment , IBM added extensions to the language that were specific to the hardware and software conventions of the IBM System/36 Family , such as the WORKSTN file , support for indexed , direct , and sequential disk files , the ability to open and close multiple printer files , and LOAD/SAVE from libraries on the fixed disk . These core BASIC statements , functions , and commands were used : DATA DIM END FOR ... NEXT GOSUB ... RETURN GOTO IF ... THEN INPUT LET ON ... GOTO PRINT PRINT USING READ REM STOP ASC RND SIN COS TAN TAB SQRT LOG LIST More advanced IBM-supplied statements included : ON ERROR Allows error trapping OPTION Permits program-wide properties such as Base 1 or Base 0 array indexing , long or short precision , etc. . OPEN Allows a file or device ( formatted workstation , printer ) to be opened CLOSE Closes a file or device WRITE Outputs to a file or device REWRITE Changes a record or display format APPEND Adds to a file DELETE Deletes a record from a file IMAGE Defines the format of a record using COBOL-like syntax FORM Defines the format of a record using RPG-like syntax DEF FN . . FNEND Defines a function CHAIN Loads and passes control to another BASIC program PRINT # 255 : Prints to the ( default ) printer file PRINT NEWPAGE Clears the screen PRINT # 255 : NEWPAGE Advances to the next page on the printer file AIDX Refers to the ascending index of an array , which is an array of relative sorted pointers to array elements DIDX Same as AIDX but uses a descending index SRCH Used to find a value in an array by retrieving the match pointer SRCH$ Used to find a string value in a string array by retrieving the match pointer RENUMBER A command used to renumber the lines within a program LOAD A command used to load a program from a library on the fixed disk SAVE A command used to save a program to a library on the fixed disk OFF A command used to exit the interactive BASIC session LISTP A command used to list the current program to the printer ON ERROR is an error-trapping statement that allows BASIC to suspend an error that might otherwise stop a BASIC program from running and perform an error-handling routine instead . Variants include suffixing OFLOW , ZDIV , and other error types to a statement and immediately trap these errors . OPTION allows the BASIC program to meet special criteria . Sometimes BASIC did not have very much user space ( since all S/36 programs are limited to 64K ) and the area called `` code space '' which contains the current user program must reside within the user space . Therefore , users could choose OPTION LPREC which causes BASIC to compute with double-precision ( long ) numerics , or OPTION SPREC which provides more space and single-precision ( short ) numerics . Some programmers prefer matrix mathematics where the lowest-numbered index is 0 , others prefer 1 . OPTION BASE 0 and OPTION BASE 1 accomplish this . There are other uses for OPTION . RPG II programs on the S/34 and S/36 could not call each other , but BASIC programs could , using the CHAIN statement . CHAIN passes control from the current BASIC module to the named module , bearing a list of arguments which can become variables in the new module when it is loaded . DEF FN allows the definition of a user function in BASIC which can be named and referred in the program . FNEND is placed after the last statement in a function . There are four ways to format BASIC input and output . First , unformatted ; just PRINT and INPUT to your heart 's content . Second , with PRINT USING , which in S/36 BASIC can incorporate a constant , a string variable , a line number , or a label . Third , with PRINT FIELDS and INPUT FIELDS , which place 5250-type display fields on the CRT in immediate mode . Fourth , by using a workstation file ( opened with OPEN #x : `` WS , NAME = '' and so forth ) and performing various combinations of WRITE and READ to that workstation file , using SDA-generated screen formats similar to those in other S/36 applications . WRITE and READ , as well as PRINT USING and INPUT USING , can direct BASIC to a line number or a label that contains the keyword `` IMAGE : '' . An IMAGE statement contains decimals , commas , dollar signs , dashes , and pound signs in representation of the substituted numeric or alphameric values . 3540 IMAGE : ### - ## - #### ############################# $ # , ### , ### . ## A FORM statement denotes the size of the variables to be read or written . To save a numeric value of .00 to 99,999.99 , use this notation : 2959 FORM N 7.2 A label is a tag on a line as follows : 260 BEGIN_CALCULATIONS : : 270 FOR X = 1 TO 12 280 Y = Y + X * 1.08 290 NEXT X If desired , the statement GOSUB BEGIN_CALCULATIONS can be used instead of GOSUB 260 . OPEN , CLOSE , WRITE , REWRITE , DELETE , and APPEND are already familiar to COBOL programmers and describe the actions taken to access S/36 disk files using BASIC . It is n't possible to access every single type of S/36 file because these include system files , libraries , and folders , but every user-created S/36 file with a fixed record length ( only FORTRAN programs can use variable record lengths ) will suffice . Disk files can be opened sequentially , by index , or relatively ( by record number ) . If a file is delete-capable , records can be deleted using the DELETE statement . To add a record , use WRITE ( with APPEND specified in the OPEN statement ) and to update use REWRITE . In S/36 BASIC , to print to the printer , a device file must be used . A default printer file called # 255 always exists when BASIC is started . It has a printer name of BASIC255 and opens the device that is the default printer for the terminal that begins a BASIC session . If desired , it is possible to create a different printer file numbered between 1 and 254 . Use `` OPEN #x : PRINTER , NAME = '' and so forth to do this , specifying columns or device ID or other parameters as needed . The PAGEOFLOW keyword can be used to trap the page overflow condition for the printer . Some versions of BASIC allow the programmer to sort an array . S/36 BASIC does n't provide a function for this , but it does provide an interesting remedy . The programmer can define an array with the same number of elements as the target array and use AIDX or DIDX to create an ascending or descending index . Each element of the new array will contain a number representing the ordinal sorted position of the target array , so if AMERICA is the sixth element of array A$ but first in alphabetical order , then setting A = DIDX ( A$ ) would cause A ( 6 ) to contain the value 1 . Writing a BASIC program is much more fun than rewriting the same program each time you use it , therefore the authors of BASIC allow programmers to SAVE their program code to a library member and to REPLACE it when changes are made . SAVE PROG1 , PGMRLIB causes the current module to be saved as a subroutine member ( type R ) named PROG1 in a user library named PGMRLIB . Note that System/36 files are not part of libraries . If a disk file is named FNF001 , then an OPEN statement like this one can work : OPEN # 3 : `` NAME = FNF001 , SEQUENTIAL '' , INPUT It does n't matter which library is used to access file FNF001 . RENUMBER is the S/36 BASIC command used to renumber statements . All internal references to statement numbers are immediately recalculated . System/36 BASIC has a very dangerous command called FREE . Typing FREE followed by a filename deletes that file without a trace . It will work for every user file , unless there is a conflict of security or an in-use condition that blocks it . System/36 BASIC has another dangerous command called LOCK . The LOCK command will make the current program source code inaccessible and it is not reversible . Always save an unlocked copy before using LOCK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e677505bc3530ec99f47fa017a8d540", "text": "Disk operating system A disk operating system ( abbreviated DOS ) is a computer operating system that can use a disk storage device , such as a floppy disk , hard disk drive , or optical disc . A disk operating system must provide a file system for organizing , reading , and writing files on the storage disk . Strictly speaking , this definition does not apply to current generations of operating systems , such as versions of Microsoft Windows in use , and is more appropriately used only for older generations of operating systems . Disk operating systems were available for mainframes , microprocessors and home computers and were usually loaded from the disks themselves as part of the boot process .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d013a73cdc540bc71b48ca0fb6df58", "text": "IEEE 1541-2002 IEEE 1541-2002 is a standard issued in 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) concerning the use of prefixes for binary multiples of units of measurement related to digital electronics and computing . While the International System of Units ( SI ) defines multiples based on powers of ten ( like k = 103 , M = 106 , etc. ) , a different definition is sometimes used in computing , based on powers of two ( like k = 210 , M = 220 , etc. ) This is due to the use of binary addressing for computer memory locations . In the early years of computing , there was no significant error in using the same prefix for either quantity ( 210 = 1024 and 103 = 1000 are equal , to two significant figures ) . Thus , the SI prefixes were borrowed to indicate nearby binary multiples for these computer-related quantities . Meanwhile , manufacturers of storage devices , such as hard disks , traditionally used the standard decimal meanings of the prefixes , and decimal multiples are used for transmission rates and processor clock speeds as well . As technology improved , all of these measurements and capacities increased . As the binary meaning was extended to higher prefixes , the absolute error between the two meanings increased . This has even resulted in litigation against hard drive manufacturers , because some operating systems report the size using the larger binary interpretation . Moreover , there is not a consistent use of the symbols to indicate quantities of bits and bytes -- the unit symbol `` Mb '' , for instance , has been widely used for both megabytes and megabits . IEEE 1541 sets new recommendations to represent these quantities and unit symbols unambiguously . After a trial period of two years , in 2005 , IEEE 1541-2002 was elevated to a full-use standard by the IEEE Standards Association , and was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008 . IEEE 1541 is closely related to Amendment 2 to IEC International Standard IEC 60027-2 . The IEC standard was harmonized into the common ISO/IEC IEC 80000-13 :2008 - Quantities and units -- Part 13 : Information science and technology . This standard uses ` bit ' as the symbol for bit , as opposed to ` b ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439ed9d8d082c4ab6fcaa24d6423f83b", "text": "Open Desktop Workstation The Open Desktop Workstation , also referred to as ODW is a PowerPC based computer , by San Antonio-based Genesi . The ODW has an interchangeable CPU card allowing for a wide range of Power Architecture based microprocessors from IBM and Freescale Semiconductor . It is a standardized version of the Pegasos II . It was the first open source based PowerPC computer and gave PowerPC a host/target development environment . Genesi have released the complete specification ( design and component listing ) free of charge . The ODW-derived Home Media Center won the Best in Show award at the Freescale Technology Forum in 2005 . It also features an ATI certification and a `` Ready for IBM Technology '' certification . It supports a variety of operating systems such as MorphOS , Linux , QNX and OpenSolaris . Manufacturing of the ODW have been discontinued in favour for EFIKA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f48b61ed5183b292a1018e34fba5a3c", "text": "Intelligent document Intelligent documents are electronic documents with more functionality than a page designed to emulate paper . Formats include PDF from Adobe , InfoPath from Microsoft , and XForms from W3C . Each is based on using XML as a format for data . Intelligent documents are essentially interactive electronic documents . Intelligent documents include forms that change on request , personalized web pages , and personalised presentations . They usually require web access and server software . Intelligent documents are used to help automate business processes , improve customer service , and reduce costs . Intelligent documents are also being used by marketing firms to target consumers more precisely . Programming marketing documents with customer data helps to improve customer loyalty , increase response rates , reduce marketing costs , and build brand recognition . Some examples would be online shopping sites or free email services which usually use AJAX technology to add `` intelligence '' to its documents . Other more document-centric examples include commercial lending or leasing documents where , by the transactional nature , they can be automated using an assembly line approach with the logic and data embedded directly into the document . The future of the intelligent document includes tight integration with `` meaning-based computing '' , allowing intelligent completion of forms with recommendations on subject-matter experts and related documents as well as dynamic regeneration based on rules or logic . Today 's more advanced document automation systems allow users to create their own data and rules ( logic ) without the need for programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f38c1b298391a1d4a5925f917222d0", "text": "Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together . A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM . There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client : all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control . It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting . Category : Booting Category : Disk images", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b4dc78671e96aa9693fcc35c9d19fb", "text": "Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold . In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL . Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9e5e68a5a934b5b3bf0c9d399bb4f70b", "text": "Naomi Watts Naomi Ellen Watts ( born 28 September 1968 ) is an English actress and film producer . She made her screen debut in the Australian drama film For Love Alone ( 1986 ) and then appeared in the Australian television series Hey Dad . . ! ( 1990 ) , Brides of Christ ( 1991 ) and Home and Away ( 1991 ) and alongside Nicole Kidman and Thandie Newton in the coming-of-age comedy-drama film Flirting ( 1991 ) . After moving to America , Watts appeared in films , including Tank Girl ( 1995 ) , Children of the Corn IV : The Gathering ( 1996 ) and Dangerous Beauty ( 1998 ) and had the lead role in the television series Sleepwalkers ( 1997 -- 1998 ) . After years as a struggling actress , Watts came to attention in David Lynch 's psychological thriller Mulholland Drive ( 2001 ) . The following year she enjoyed box-office success with her role as Rachel Keller in The Ring ( 2002 ) , the remake of a successful Japanese horror film . She then received nominations at the Academy Awards and the Screen Actors ' Guild Awards in the Best Actress categories for her portrayal of Cristina Peck in Alejandro González Iñárritu 's neo-noir 21 Grams ( 2003 ) . Her subsequent films include David O. Russell 's comedy I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , the 2005 remake of King Kong , the crime-thriller Eastern Promises ( 2007 ) and the Tom Tykwer-directed thriller The International ( 2009 ) . Since then , Watts has portrayed Valerie Plame Wilson in the biographical drama Fair Game ( 2010 ) and Helen Gandy in Clint Eastwood 's biographical drama J. Edgar ( 2011 ) . For her leading role as Maria Bennett in the disaster film The Impossible ( 2012 ) , she received second nominations for the Academy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . In 2002 , Watts was included in People magazine 's 50 Most Beautiful People . In 2006 , she became a goodwill ambassador for Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS , which helps to raise awareness of AIDS-related issues . She has participated in several fundraisers for the cause , and she is presented as an inaugural member of AIDS Red Ribbon Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5f1a521180d6009ede942d364b9c8baa", "text": "Wannabe (film) Wannabe is a 2005 comedy film starring Craig Robert Young , Adam Huss , Anna Becker and Elizabeth Warner . It was written and produced by Young and Richard Keith and directed by Keith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd61847263c5aac9415015ab7aea84a4", "text": "The Trip to Bountiful The Trip to Bountiful is a 1985 film starring Geraldine Page , John Heard , Carlin Glynn , Richard Bradford and Rebecca De Mornay . Geraldine Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Carrie Watts . The movie was adapted by Horton Foote from his play of the same name . The Bountiful of the title is a fictitious Texas town . Although set in Houston , Texas ( as was the original play ) , the movie was filmed by director Peter Masterson in Dallas . The film features an all-star cast including John Heard and Geraldine Page and a soundtrack by J.A.C. Redford featuring Will Thompson 's `` Softly and Tenderly '' sung by Grammy-award winner Cynthia Clawson . The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress ( Page ) and was nominated for Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d98ac13d3c548aad377d56c0beeebf3c", "text": "Davy Crockett (1910 film) Davy Crockett is a 1910 American silent starring Hobart Bosworth as Davy Crockett , with Betty Harte and Tom Santschi . The film was directed by Francis Boggs and distributed by Selig Polyscope Co. . It was commercially released in the United States . With a storyline similar to the 1909 Davy Crockett -- In Hearts United , this fictional account of Crockett 's life has him rescuing his lady love from marrying his rival . The movie ends with Crockett and his girlfriend riding off together .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "879456dc2d42e2b58767a30e9dd461e7", "text": "Beverly Hills Madam Beverly Hills Madam ( also known as Ladies of the Night ) is a 1986 American made-for-television drama film directed by Harvey Hart and starring Faye Dunaway , Melody Anderson , Donna Dixon and Robin Givens . It was broadcast on NBC on April 6 , 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e225048399f034d939dc257ee6cd8a9", "text": "Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie . The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man . Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da070754339b7ea971cd663b10fdcdd", "text": "Noel Howlett Noel Howlett ( 22 December 1902 -- 26 October 1984 ) was an English actor , principally remembered as the incompetent headmaster , Morris Cromwell , in the ITV 1970s cult television programme Please Sir ! . He was the subject of infatuation by Deputy Head Doris Ewell , played by Joan Sanderson . Howlett was born in Maidstone , Kent , and began his career as Richard Greatham in Noël Coward 's Hay Fever . At Northampton Repertory Theatre in 1930 he played Sherlock Holmes . He also appeared as Mr Williams in the 1948 film The Winslow Boy , starring Robert Donat . At Stratford-on-Avon in 1953 , he played Old Gobbo ( father to Donald Pleasence 's Launcelot Gobbo ) in The Merchant of Venice , Edward IV ( brother to Marius Goring 's Richard III ) , Baptista in The Taming of the Shrew and Gloucester in King Lear . An early TV role was portraying a vicar in the 1958/59 BBC series Quatermass and the Pit . He appeared as Professor Rushton in a one-off 1967 edition ( `` Mission Highly Improbable '' ) of The Avengers and as the Reverend Simon Blanding in a one-off 1967 edition ( `` Dead Man 's Shoes '' ) of Man in a Suitcase . Other screen appearances include the 1960s TV shows Softly , Softly and Danger Man . He also appeared in one 1976 episode ( `` I Talk to the Trees '' ) of the BBC situation comedy The Good Life as slightly eccentric allotment gardener Mr Wakeley . He also frequently broadcast and did a spell for the BBC as a member of their Drama Repertory Company ( now the Radio Drama Company ) , one of his appearances being as Inspector Walter Neider in the 1965 Paul Temple radio episode , `` Paul Temple and the Geneva Mystery '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7807402015d4fbf6616d83973d761d4", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Naomie Harris This is a list of awards and nominations received by English actress Naomie Harris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb3b7833eebb43e8dfeeffce999d6fa", "text": "Lou Watts Louise `` Lou '' Watts ( born 4 June 1962 ) is a British musician , perhaps best known for her vocal work with anarcho-punk and later folk band , Chumbawamba . Born in Burnley , Watts was member of Chumbawamba from their formation in 1982 until their disbandment in 2012 , making her the second-longest serving band member behind Boff Whalley . She joined Whalley , Danbert Nobacon and Midge and Tomi in 1982 to form the original line-up , and the band made their live debut in January of that year . The band gained a reputation for their anarchist views , and gained popularity for their opposition to homophobia and fascism and support of feminism and gay rights . Watts provided lead vocals for the band 's hit song Tubthumping , which gained them international recognition , and topped charts in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Italy and New Zealand as well as Tubthumping 's follow-up song Amnesia , which reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart . They were also nominated for a Brit Award for `` Best British Single '' at the 1998 Brit Awards , at which they also performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16cec031b282a1a07a5cb897af533715", "text": "Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . '' The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e14714de441afa5d00e9fd8913936d0", "text": "Naomi Thompson Naomi Thompson is a singer . In the early-to-late 1980s , she worked with Caron Wheeler and Claudia Fontaine under the name Afrodiziak , which recorded for Haysi Fantayzee on their track The Sabres Of Paradise , backup vocals on Elvis Costello 's 1983 international hit `` Everyday I Write the Book '' , The Specials ' song Free Nelson Mandela , Heaven 17 's songs Sunset Now , `` The Fuse '' , `` Reputation '' and ... ( And That 's No Lie ) , on Madness ' songs `` Michael Caine '' and `` The Sweetest Girl '' and Howard Jones ' songs `` Things Can Only Get Better '' and `` Life in One Day '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69a01778bffda890d59559ad721cc518", "text": "Change of Heart (The Judds song) `` Change of Heart '' is a song written by Naomi Judd , and performed by American country music duo The Judds . Originally released in 1984 on their eponymous debut album , it was released in October 1988 as the second new single from their Greatest Hits . `` Change of Heart '' was The Judds ' twelfth number one country single . The single went to number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles for one week and spent a total of fifteen weeks on the country chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34548a96ad38172362c26ffbc84eff6c", "text": "Mrs. Harris Mrs. Harris is a 2005 American-British drama film written and directed by Phyllis Nagy . The teleplay , based on the book Very Much a Lady by Shana Alexander , focuses on the tempestuous relationship between Herman Tarnower , noted cardiologist and author of the New York Times bestseller The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet , and headmistress Jean Harris . Produced by Killer Films , Number 9 Films , and John Wells for HBO Films , it premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2005 , before its broadcast on HBO on February 25 , 2006 . The film stars Annette Bening as Jean Harris , Ben Kingsley as Herman Tarnower , Cloris Leachman as Tarnower 's sister , and Chloë Sevigny as his secretary and lover . The film also features a cameo performance by Ellen Burstyn as one of Tarnower 's previous girlfriends ; Burstyn played Jean Harris in the made-for-television movie , The People vs. Jean Harris ( 1981 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ebae3f408f7d664b128b78a430c7ac", "text": "I Saw the Light (film) I Saw the Light is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed , written , and produced by Marc Abraham , starring Tom Hiddleston as country music legend Hank Williams and Elizabeth Olsen as his first wife , Audrey Williams . It is based on the book Hank Williams : The Biography by Colin Escott , George Merritt , and William ( Bill ) MacEwen . It was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film is a biographical dramatization of country and blues singer-songwriter Hank Williams , his life and rise to fame as one of country music 's most popular and influential artists . The title comes from the gospel song of the same name written and performed by Williams . The film was released on March 25 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d10140f7831fb9f288404490f80c7cde", "text": "The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life The Magic Kingdom : Walt Disney and the American Way of Life is a non-fiction book by Steven Watts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21b8fa54c4c9bc7e1d8fa2a366ff4cb", "text": "Howard Husock __ NOTOC __ Howard Husock is vice president for policy research at the Manhattan Institute , where he is also director of its Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and a contributing editor to the Institute 's quarterly magazine , City Journal . He is the author of the blog Philanthropy and Society on Forbes.com and author of the book Philanthropy Under Fire . Husock was nominated for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Board of Directors by President Barack Obama in June 2013 and confirmed by the Senate in August 2013 . From 1987 through 2006 , Husock served as director of case studies in public policy and management at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government , where he was also a fellow at the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations . His publications on the nonprofit sector have appeared in The Wall Street Journal , National Affairs , Society Magazine , The Chronicle of Philanthropy , The Public Interest , The New York Times , and the Washington Post . In addition , Husock has written widely on housing and urban policy , including in his book , The Trillion-Dollar Housing Mistake : The Failure of American Housing Policy ( Ivan R. Dee , 2003 ) and his monograph Repairing the Ladder : Toward a New Housing Policy Paradigm ( Reason Foundation , 1996 ) . His work has also appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , Philanthropy , and The Wilson Quarterly . Husock is a former broadcast journalist and documentary filmmaker whose work at WGBH-TV in Boston won three Emmy awards . His WGBH series Community Disorder : Racial Violence in Boston ( 1979 ) won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism award for television . His WGBH credits include The Paterson Project : One City in the Reagan Era ( 1982 ) ; Pat Ewing and an American Dream ( 1981 ) ; Meet Tom Menino ( 1983 ) ; The World Halfball Tournament ( 1983 ) and America 's First School : 350 Years at Boston Latin ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fad0a98e677b3c0afe76ddd6c34864c", "text": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film) Planet of the Apes is a 2001 American science fiction film directed by Tim Burton and starring Mark Wahlberg , Tim Roth , Helena Bonham Carter , Michael Clarke Duncan , Paul Giamatti , and Estella Warren . The sixth film produced in the Planet of the Apes franchise , it was loosely adapted from Pierre Boulle 's 1963 novel of the same name and the 1968 film version . It tells the story of astronaut Leo Davidson crash-landing on a planet inhabited by intelligent apes . The apes treat humans as slaves , but with the help of an ape named Ari , Leo starts a rebellion . Development for a Planet of the Apes remake started as far back as 1988 with Adam Rifkin . His project nearly reached the pre-production stage before being canceled . Terry Hayes 's script , titled Return of the Apes , would have starred Arnold Schwarzenegger , under the direction of Phillip Noyce . Oliver Stone , Don Murphy , and Jane Hamsher were set to produce . Creative differences ensued between Hayes and financier/distributor 20th Century Fox . Chris Columbus , Sam Hamm , James Cameron , Peter Jackson , and the Hughes brothers later became involved . With William Broyles , Jr. 's script , Burton was hired as director , and the film was put into active development . Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal rewrote the script , and filming took place from November 2000 to April 2001 . Planet of the Apes was released to mixed reviews , but was a financial success . Much criticism focused on the confusing plot and ending , although Rick Baker 's prosthetic makeup designs were praised . Despite its financial success , 20th Century Fox chose not to produce a sequel , and later rebooted the franchise in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b4308b0706711ff87bd3e3eeb322c6d7", "text": "Animal testing on non-human primates Experiments involving non-human primates ( NHPs ) include toxicity testing for medical and non-medical substances ; studies of infectious disease , such as HIV and hepatitis ; neurological studies ; behavior and cognition ; reproduction ; genetics ; and xenotransplantation . Around 65,000 NHPs are used every year in the United States , and around 7,000 across the European Union . Most are purpose-bred , while some are caught in the wild . Their use is controversial . According to the Nuffield Council on Bioethics , NHPs are used because their brains share structural and functional features with human brains , but '' -LSB- w -RSB- hile this similarity has scientific advantages , it poses some difficult ethical problems , because of an increased likelihood that primates experience pain and suffering in ways that are similar to humans . '' Some of the most publicized attacks on animal research facilities by animal rights groups have occurred because of primate research . Some primate researchers have abandoned their studies because of threats or attacks . In December 2006 , an inquiry chaired by Sir David Weatherall , emeritus professor of medicine at Oxford University , concluded that there is a `` strong scientific and moral case '' for using primates in some research . The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection argues that the Weatherall report failed to address `` the welfare needs and moral case for subjecting these sensitive , intelligent creatures to a lifetime of suffering in UK labs . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62eeab70dbf5974f29f9e6b603f020f5", "text": "Planet of the Apes (disambiguation) Planet of the Apes is a film and media franchise involving a world where humans and intelligent apes clash for control . Planet of the Apes may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb1ccb6de1e0fad84cc37005bc2e7876", "text": "The Adventures of a Jungle Boy The Adventures of a Jungle Boy is a 1957 British syndicated adventure series . The show was known for its striking similarity to the Tarzan movie series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7a478a18e2740df04d5089286363317", "text": "Creature Features Creature Features was a generic title for a genre of horror TV format shows broadcast on local U.S. television stations throughout the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . The movies broadcast on the various shows were generally classic and cult horror movies of the 1930s to 1950s , the horror and science-fiction films of the 1950s , British horror films of the 1960s , and the Japanese `` giant monster '' movies of the 1960s and 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3b123e636bf57652b14fbddf46d28c", "text": "The Mysterious Origins of Man The Mysterious Origins of Man is a television special that originally aired on NBC on February 25 , 1996 . Hosted by Charlton Heston , the program argued that mankind has lived on the Earth for tens of millions of years , and that mainstream scientists have suppressed the fossil evidence for this . Some material included was based on the controversial Forbidden Archeology , a book written by Hindu creationists Michael Cremo and Richard L. Thompson about anomalous archeological finds reported mainly in early scientific journals . It also included interviews with the following people : creationist Carl Baugh on the Paluxy tracks ; Richard Milton , author of Shattering the Myths of Darwinism , on Lucy ; Neil Steede on Incan ruins ; and Graham Hancock , author of Fingerprints of the Gods , on Atlantis . It was produced by B. C. Video Inc. . The program was widely criticized by the scientific community . Donald Johanson said it was `` absolutely shameful , and it sort of sets us back 100 years '' . Jim Foley of TalkOrigins called it a `` pseudo-scientific mishmash of discredited claims and crackpot ideas '' . However , the criticism did not prevent NBC from re-broadcasting the special on June 8 , 1996 . In response , John Carman wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle , `` You 'd think the NBC brass would be a touch embarrassed by the program , and eager to let the little furor fritter away into oblivion . But then you really would be a simpleton . NBC , a subsidiary of the science giant General Electric , does not exist to sharpen minds . Science , schmience . If there was money to be made from it , NBC would tell you the Earth is flat because of repeated indentations from space aliens on pogo sticks . '' Dave Thomas wrote in Skeptical Briefs that `` quality science was nowhere to be found '' in the program , as it had people of questionable credentials interviewed and failed to interview the leading researchers in their respective fields . Thomas further explained the show failed to challenge the extraordinary claims . Creationist Ken Ham criticized the production in the February 1996 Answers in Genesis newsletter in a review titled `` Hollywood 's ` Moses ' Undermines Genesis . '' Ham attacked fellow creationist Baugh 's claims , saying , `` According to leading creationist researchers , this evidence is open to much debate and needs much more intensive research . One wonders how much of the information in the program can really be trusted ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "682cb13247290b85351a0ea038aed50c", "text": "Africa's Great Civilizations Africa 's Great Civilizations is a PBS television six-hour series hosted by Henry Louis Gates , Jr. . It aired on PBS in the United States in February , 2017 . In the series , Gates chronicles African history starting with the birth of humankind to the start of the 20th century . The show portrays 200,000 years of Africa 's history and touches on subjects from the arts to writing and the dawn of civilization to the 21st century . On April 26 , 2017 , Gates introduced the series at the United Nations . The event was spearheaded by the Africa America Institute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ed49387eb1a6b6e013778f5e999bc9f", "text": "Tchimpounga Sanctuary The Tchimpounga Sanctuary , also known as the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center , for primates is located on a coastal plain of savanna and forest in Pointe Noire , Republic of the Congo , and was built in 1992 . The site covers an area of 70 km2 . The sanctuary , part of the Jane Goodall Institute , is located 50 km ( 31 miles ) north of Pointe-Noire in the Kouilou Department and is the largest chimpanzee sanctuary on the African continent . It has conducted research comparing food-sharing and social inhibition among chimpanzees and bonobos . The sanctuary is a refuge in the Congo Basin for chimpanzees orphaned by bushmeat hunters ; authorities deliver the young animals after confiscating them from sellers in the pet or entertainment trades . The sanctuary is a member of the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4765b9e0692641feaf7c2aa2d4f2c8a", "text": "Star Wars Holiday Special The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musical science fiction television film set in the Star Wars galaxy . It stars the series ' first film 's main cast while introducing the character Boba Fett , who would appear in later films . It is one of the first official Star Wars spin-offs and was directed by Steve Binder . In the storyline that ties the special together , Chewbacca and Han Solo visit Kashyyyk , Chewbacca 's home world , to celebrate Life Day . They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire , who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet . The special introduces three members of Chewbacca 's family : his father Itchy , his wife Malla , and his son Lumpy , though these names were later explained to have been nicknames , their full names being Attichitcuk , Mallatobuck , and Lumpawarrump , respectively . The program also features many other Star Wars characters , including Luke Skywalker , C-3PO , R2-D2 , Darth Vader and Princess Leia ( who sings the film 's `` theme song '' , set to the music of John Williams ' Star Wars theme , near the end ) , all of them portrayed by the original actors . The program includes stock footage from Star Wars , and also features a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana that officially introduces the bounty hunter Boba Fett . Scenes also take place in outer space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and an Imperial Star Destroyer . The variety-show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales , such as a Mos Eisley cantina on the desert planet of Tatooine and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna . The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video . It has therefore become something of a cultural legend , because of the `` underground '' quality of its existence . It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans , which were later adapted to content-sharing websites via the Internet and bootleg copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8288a1366cb2bc1c788068402dd724b1", "text": "Orangutan Island Orangutan Island is an American documentary television series , in the style of the successful series Meerkat Manor , that blends more traditional documentary filming with dramatic narration . The series was produced by NHNZ with creator Judith Curran also acting as the series producer . Animal Planet 's Martha Ripp is the executive producer of the series , and Lone Drøscher Nielsen of the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation , the founder and manager of the Nyaru Menteng Orangutan Reintroduction Project , regularly appears with the orangutans in the show . The series premiered on Animal Planet on November 2 , 2007 , with new episodes airing Friday nights . A second season began airing in November 2008 . The show focuses on a group of orphaned orangutans at the Nyaru Menteng Orangutan Rescue and Rehabilitation Center that are raised to go against their normally independent nature and instead cooperate and live together in a society so they can be left to live wild on their protected island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "262aa22ba63a1cb8d44fdee0644375e4", "text": "Man vs. Beast Man vs. Beast is a series of sensationalistic television specials aired in the United States by the Fox television network . The shows were produced by Brian Richardson and directed by Bob Levy . They involve a variety of challenges in which people and animals compete against each other . Although the initial special , Man vs. Beast , was heavily panned by critics and animal rights groups , Fox commissioned a sequel , Man vs. Beast 2 , which aired on February 20 , 2004 . In 2003 , ITV commissioned Granada Productions to re-create the American special for British audiences . A six-part series was filmed , hosted by John Fashanu . However , owing to heavy lobbying by animal rights groups , transmission of the series was postponed indefinitely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "688d79170a91be2bf3734a7de599e12a", "text": "Animal Planet Italy Animal Planet Italy is an Italian television channel broadcasting programmes about animals . All content is adapted for an Italian audience . The channel launched on May 1 , 2005 , exclusively available on Sky Italia . It was the fifth channel launched by Discovery Networks in Italy after Discovery Channel , Discovery Science , Discovery Civilisation and Discovery Travel & Adventure . In October 2008 , the channel adopted a new logo and a new look , previously adopted by the channel 's American counterpart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18", "text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a3f679f16817a03879f7dc79ab8288", "text": "Bart Gets an Elephant `` Bart Gets an Elephant '' is the seventeenth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 31 , 1994 . In this episode , Bart wins a radio contest and is awarded a full-grown African elephant that he names Stampy . After Stampy wrecks the Simpsons ' house and eats all the food , Homer decides to sell Stampy to an ivory dealer . Bart runs away with Stampy to save his pet , but the family finds the two at a museum exhibit , where Homer sinks into a tar pit . Homer is saved by Stampy , and so gives the elephant away to an animal refuge instead . The episode was written by John Swartzwelder , and directed by Jim Reardon . It introduced the fictional elephant Stampy , and marks the first appearance of the recurring character Cletus Spuckler . The episode features cultural references to the songs `` Sixteen Tons '' and `` Do-Re-Mi '' , and the La Brea Tar Pits cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in Los Angeles , California . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 10.7 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "60c0a3123003d85a4d623956b1b6fb48", "text": "Maria Sharapova Maria Yuryevna Sharapova ( Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова ; born April 19 , 1987 ) is a Russian professional tennis player . A United States resident since 1994 , Sharapova has competed on the WTA tour since 2001 . She has been ranked world No. 1 in singles by the WTA on five separate occasions , for a total of 21 weeks . She is one of ten women , and the only Russian , to hold the career Grand Slam . She is also an Olympic medalist , having earned silver for Russia in women 's singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . Sharapova became the world No. 1 for the first time on August 22 , 2005 , at the age of 18 , and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11 , 2012 , to July 8 , 2012 . Her 35 singles titles and five Grand Slam titles -- two at the French Open and one each at the Australian Open , Wimbledon , and US Open -- rank third among active players , behind Serena and Venus Williams . She won the year-ending WTA Finals in her debut in 2004 . She has also won three doubles titles . Despite an injury-prone career , Sharapova has achieved a rare level of longevity in the women 's game . She won at least one singles title a year from 2003 until 2015 , a streak only bested by Steffi Graf , Martina Navratilova , and Chris Evert . Several tennis pundits and former players have called Sharapova one of tennis 's best competitors , with John McEnroe calling her one of the best the sport has ever seen . Sharapova has been featured in a number of modeling assignments , including a feature in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue . She appeared in many advertisements , including those for Nike , Prince , and Canon , being the face of several fashion houses , most notably Cole Haan . Since February 2007 , she has been a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , concerned specifically with the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme . In June 2011 , she was named one of the `` 30 Legends of Women 's Tennis : Past , Present and Future '' by Time and in March 2012 was named one of the `` 100 Greatest of All Time '' by Tennis Channel . According to Forbes , she has been named highest paid female athlete in the world for 11 consecutive years and earned 285 million including prize money since she turned pro in 2001 . In March 2016 , Sharapova revealed she had failed a drug test at the 2016 Australian Open on January 26 , 2016 . She had tested positive for meldonium , a substance that had been banned , effective January 1 , 2016 by the World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA ) . On June 8 , 2016 , she was suspended from playing tennis for two years by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . On October 4 , 2016 , the suspension was reduced to 15 months , starting from the date of the failed test . She returned to the WTA tour on April 26 , 2017 at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2b5fe231357fd703989aa4edf2609ad9", "text": "2006 Qatar Ladies Open – Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion , but chose not to compete . Nadia Petrova won the title , defeating Amélie Mauresmo 6 -- 3 , 7 -- 5 in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8909f4a0e2fed0b96a2fd71de117608d", "text": "Internazionali Femminili di Brescia The Internazionali Femminili di Brescia is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts . The event is classified as a $ 60,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Brescia , Italy , since 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c080f6d53132ab0186245b4eb27cf744", "text": "Maria Goloviznina Maria Goloviznina ( Мария Головизнина born 5 June 1979 ) is a Russian former tennis player . Goloviznina has a career high WTA singles ranking of 135 , achieved on 31 March 2003 . Skavronskaia also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 139 achieved on 3 August 1998 . Goloviznina has won 2 ITF singles titles and 5 ITF doubles titles . Goloviznina retired from tennis in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc12d9485c89c4905223621fc6dca72", "text": "2011 Qatar Ladies Open – Singles Maria Sharapova was the last champion of the event in 2008 , but chose not to compete . Vera Zvonareva won the final against Caroline Wozniacki 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a57a0cd139bc11425234f66dbc2f637a", "text": "2007 Pacific Life Open – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion , but lost in the fourth round to Vera Zvonareva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e9245b4a41bf537c6c9c10e6cde79", "text": "Monterrey Open The Monterrey Open is a professional women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . The event is affiliated with the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) , and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour . From 2009 to 2013 the tournament was held in the Sierra Madre Tennis Club , from 2014 the tournament is currently held at the Club Sonoma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "768e8706dc3207011e9bb13b7c0e08b0", "text": "2010 Maria Sharapova tennis season Results and statistics from Maria Sharapova 's 2010 tennis season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c98f5ca9a8cc57f81d449e0bbb6d052", "text": "Grunting in tennis Grunting in tennis is the very loud noise , sometimes described as `` shrieking '' or `` screaming '' , made by some players while hitting their shots . It is prominent in both men 's and women 's tennis . Many players and spectators find it to be distracting or obnoxious above a certain sound level . Monica Seles and Jimmy Connors are generally considered as the `` grunt creator '' in the women 's and men 's games respectively . Examples of contemporary tennis players who notably grunt are Serena Williams , Venus Williams , Maria Sharapova , Victoria Azarenka , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , David Ferrer and Gustavo Kuerten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2df9ad7d1212461b3b1a52a041507d24", "text": "2010 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP . The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which does not distribute ranking points , and is organized by the ITF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04afc94dd9acb05ee1c1e6920aaa8816", "text": "1995 WTA Tour Championships The 1996 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Corel WTA Tour Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Madison Square Garden in New York City , New York in the United States . It was the 24th edition of the season-ending singles championships and the 21st edition of the year-end doubles championships . The event was part of the 1995 WTA Tour and was held from November 13 and November 19 , 1995 . First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title , her fourth , and the accompanying $ 500,000 first-prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c40692436e546306846747fcd36f", "text": "2008 Pilot Pen Tennis The 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis was a combined men 's and women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 40th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis , and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour . It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven , United States , from August 15 through August 23 , 2008 . The men 's field was headlined by ATP No. 13 , Nottingham runner-up and Umag champion Fernando Verdasco , Cincinnati Masters semifinalist and Nottingham titlist Ivo Karlović , and winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart , Kitzbühel , Los Angeles and Washington Juan Martín del Potro . Other top seeds are Gstaad and Umag finalist Igor Andreev , Viña del Mar and Pörtschach runner-up Juan Mónaco , Marin Čilić , Andreas Seppi and Mardy Fish . The women 's draw was led by WTA No. 10 , Rome Tier I semifinalist and Paris champion Anna Chakvetadze , Australian Open semifinalist and Indian Wells Tier I quarterfinalist Daniela Hantuchová , and Paris , Eastbourne and Montreal semifinalist , Standford finalist Marion Bartoli . Also competing are Paris finalist Ágnes Szávay , Bangalore runner-up Patty Schnyder , Flavia Pennetta , Alizé Cornet and Dominika Cibulková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6bb39dadcab3e5bbd3e586f8ae33e0a", "text": "2005 WTA Tour Championships – Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Amélie Mauresmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9761e086ec0b890b6ce4c7e8f3c3cdd", "text": "Neva Cup The Neva Cup ( previously known as the Kivenappa Ladies ' Cup ) is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hard courts . The event is classified as a $ 100,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Saint Petersburg , Russia , since 2012 . In 2016 , the tournament moved from the outdoor clay courts of the Children 's Tennis Center to the indoor hard courts of Tennis Center Dinamo . In 2017 tournament upgraded to WTA 125K series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd65be3dc08c34c316a7fd86ec7809a4", "text": "2014 WTA Premier tournaments The 2014 WTA Premier tournaments are 21 of the tennis tournaments on the 2014 WTA Tour . The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women 's professional tennis . The WTA Premier tournaments are divided into three levels , which all rank below the Grand Slam events and above the WTA International tournaments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f3ea3073e84844482c0943eaeb4aaa", "text": "2015 ITF Women's Circuit The 2015 ITF Women 's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women 's professional tennis . It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour . The ITF Women 's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $ 10,000 up to $ 100,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd07129cc11438544f22ee058530334", "text": "2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .", "title": "" } ]