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[ { "docid": "e20fe74dca44ea70113f35c27f7e4ed4", "text": "Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea ( PNG ; -LSB- ˈpæpuə_njuː_ˈgɪniː , _ ˈpɑː - , _ - pju - -RSB- , -LSB- ˈpæpjuə , _ pɑːˈpuːə -RSB- Papua Niugini Hiri Motu : Papua Niu Gini ) , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea , is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia , a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia . Its capital , located along its southeastern coast , is Port Moresby . The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua . At the national level , after being ruled by three external powers since 1884 , Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975 . This followed nearly 60 years of Australian administration , which started during World War I . It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right . Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world . There are 852 known languages in the country , of which 12 now have no known living speakers . Most of the population of more than 7 million people live in customary communities , which are as diverse as the languages . It is also one of the most rural , as only 18 percent of its people live in urban centres . The country is one of the world 's least explored , culturally and geographically . It is known to have numerous groups of uncontacted peoples , and researchers believe there are many undiscovered species of plants and animals in the interior . Papua New Guinea is classified as a developing economy by the International Monetary Fund . Strong growth in Papua New Guinea 's mining and resource sector led to the country becoming the sixth fastest-growing economy in the world in 2011 . Growth was expected to slow once major resource projects came on line in 2015 . Mining remains a major economic factor , however . Local and national governments are discussing the potential of resuming mining operations in Panguna mine in Bougainville Province , which has been closed since the civil war in the 1980s -- 1990s . Nearly 40 percent of the population lives a self-sustainable natural lifestyle with no access to global capital . Most of the people still live in strong traditional social groups based on farming . Their social lives combine traditional religion with modern practices , including primary education . These societies and clans are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution , which expresses the wish for `` traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society '' and protects their continuing importance to local and national community life .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6b4d592bfc45b97f7e12802728c140ce", "text": "Economy of Cambodia The economy of Cambodia at present follows an open market system ( market economy ) and has seen rapid economic progress in the last decade . Cambodia had a GDP of $ 18.05 billion in 2015 . Per capita income , although rapidly increasing , is low compared with most neighboring countries . Cambodia 's two largest industries are textiles and tourism , while agricultural activities remain the main source of income for many Cambodians living in rural areas . The service sector is heavily concentrated on trading activities and catering-related services . Recently , Cambodia has reported that oil and natural gas reserves have been found off-shore . In 1995 , with a GDP of $ 2.92 billion the government transformed the country 's economic system from a planned economy to its present market-driven system . Following those changes , growth was estimated at a value of 7 % while inflation dropped from 26 % in 1994 to only 6 % in 1995 . Imports increased due to the influx of foreign aid , and exports , particularly from the country 's garment industry , also increased . After four years of improving economic performance , Cambodia 's economy slowed in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis , civil unrest , and political infighting . Foreign investments declined during this period . Also , in 1998 the main harvest was hit by drought . But in 1999 , the first full year of relative peace in 30 years , progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4 % . Currently , Cambodia 's foreign policy focuses on establishing friendly borders with its neighbors ( such as Thailand and Vietnam ) , as well as integrating itself into regional ( ASEAN ) and global ( WTO ) trading systems . Some of the obstacles faced by this emerging economy are the need for a better education system and the lack of a skilled workforce ; particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside , which struggles with inadequate basic infrastructure . Nonetheless , Cambodia continues to attract investors because of its low wages , plentiful labor , proximity to Asian raw materials , and favorable tax treatment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21290dcae9559881c812ade96b51aae7", "text": "List of companies of Mozambique Mozambique , officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . The economy of Mozambique has developed since the end of the Mozambican Civil War ( 1977 -- 1992 ) , but the country is still one of the world 's poorest and most underdeveloped . The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate : the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery , achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8 % between 1996 and 2006 and between 6 % -- 7 % from 2006 to 2011 . Also , more than 1,200 state-owned enterprises ( mostly small ) have been privatised . Preparations for privatisation and/or sector liberalisation are underway for the remaining parastatal enterprises , including telecommunications , energy , ports , and railways.done", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d9e69ed7044d5e272a0b0691c07b953", "text": "Economy of Bangladesh The market-based economy of Bangladesh is the 41st largest in the world in nominal terms , and 29th largest by purchasing power parity ; it is classified among the Next Eleven emerging market economies and a Frontier market . According to the IMF , Bangladesh 's economy is the second fastest growing major economy of 2016 , with a rate of 7.1 % . Dhaka and Chittagong are the principal financial centers of the country , being home to the Dhaka Stock Exchange and the Chittagong Stock Exchange . The financial sector of Bangladesh is the second largest in the subcontinent . In the decade since 2004 , Bangladesh averaged a GDP growth of 6.5 % , that has been largely driven by its exports of ready made garments , remittances and the domestic agricultural sector . The country has pursued export-oriented industrialisation , with its key export sectors include textiles , shipbuilding , fish and seafood , jute and leather goods . It has also developed self-sufficient industries in pharmaceuticals , steel and food processing . Bangladesh 's telecommunication industry has witnessed rapid growth over the years , receiving high investment from foreign companies . Bangladesh also has substantial reserves of natural gas and is Asia 's seventh largest gas producer . Offshore exploration activities are increasing in its maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal . It also has large deposits of limestone . The government promotes the Digital Bangladesh scheme as part of its efforts to develop the country 's growing information technology sector . Bangladesh is strategically important for the economies of Northeast India , Nepal and Bhutan , as Bangladeshi seaports provide maritime access for these landlocked regions and countries . China also views Bangladesh as a potential gateway for its landlocked southwest , including Tibet , Sichuan and Yunnan . In 2016 , per-capita income was estimated as per IMF data at US$ 3,840 ( PPP ) and US$ 1,466 ( Nominal ) . Bangladesh is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation , the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation , the International Monetary Fund , the World Bank , the World Trade Organisation and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank . The economy faces challenges of infrastructure bottlenecks , insufficient power and gas supplies , bureaucratic corruption , political instability , natural calamities and a lack of skilled workers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af6455c3e7fc0d2c2d7456ee959c2603", "text": "New Ireland Province New Ireland Province , formerly New Mecklenburg ( Neu-Mecklenburg ) , is the most northeastern province of Papua New Guinea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3fed8ec07258766db179db6dd6f1645", "text": "The Scout Association of Papua New Guinea The Scout Association of Papua New Guinea is a Scouting organisation in Papua New Guinea . The Scout Association of Papua New Guinea had its origins in 1926 as a branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom . The Scout Association of Papua New Guinea claimed an unaudited membership of 6,284 in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c3162d15945961ffa26e25f994f3ab", "text": "Economy of Brazil Brazil has the world 's ninth largest economy by nominal GDP , and the eighth largest by purchasing power parity . The Brazilian economy is characterized by an inward-oriented economy . Brazil 's economy is the largest of Latin America and the second largest in the Americas . From 2000 to 2012 , Brazil was one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world , with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 % , with its economy in 2012 surpassing that of the United Kingdom , temporarily making Brazil the world 's sixth largest economy . However , Brazil 's economy growth decelerated in 2013 and the country entered a recession in 2014 . According to the World Economic Forum , Brazil was the top country in upward evolution of competitiveness in 2009 , gaining eight positions among other countries , overcoming Russia for the first time , and partially closing the competitiveness gap with India and China among the BRIC economies . Important steps taken since the 1990s toward fiscal sustainability , as well as measures taken to liberalize and open the economy , have significantly boosted the country 's competitiveness fundamentals , providing a better environment for private-sector development . In 2012 Forbes ranked Brazil as having the 5th largest number of billionaires in the world , a number much larger than what is found in other Latin American countries , and even ahead of United Kingdom and Japan . Brazil is a member of diverse economic organizations , such as Mercosur , Unasul , G8 +5 , G20 , WTO , and the Cairns Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8382d1524ace3b2cd8d00439e36320f8", "text": "Economy of Costa Rica The economy of Costa Rica it is very stable and has evolved from an economy that depended solely on tourism , agriculture , to one more diverse , based on electronics exports , medical manufacturing and IT services . According to a study conducted by ADEN Business School ( which included 18 other countries in the region ) , Costa Rica is the fourth most competitive country in Latin America in 2012 and is part of a block of countries rated as having a `` very good competitive level , with advances and developments in infrastructure , technology and macroeconomic stability '' . The nation scored a 71.8 out of 100 on a study which measured competitiveness based on 10 criteria . Compared to the 2011 rank , Costa Rica went up by one position ( from 5th to 4th ) . The CIA World Factbook states that Costa Rica 's Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) per capita is US$ 12,900 ( 2013 est. ) ; the reported GDP summed in 2012 to US$ 45.1 bn with a population of 4,805,000 . The World Bank General Government Public Sector Debt ( PSDGG ) statistics showed a linear rise from US$ 8bn in 2009 to US$ 18bn in 2014 , which translates to a growth rate of 12 % . The Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos is charged with measuring other economic performance measures . Poverty has remained around 15-20 % for nearly 20 years , and the strong social safety net that had been put into place by the government has eroded due to increased financial constraints on government expenditures . According to the CIA World Factbook , foreign investors remain attracted by the country 's political stability and relatively high education levels , as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones . Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America . However , many business impediments remain such as high levels of bureaucracy , legal uncertainty due to overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies , difficulty of enforcing contracts , and weak investor protection . Inflation rose to 22.5 % in 1995 , dropped to 11.1 % in 1997 , 12 % in 1998 , 11 % in 1999 and 13 % in 2008 . Measures taken by the Central Bank have reduced inflation substantially to 4.3 % in 2009 , and a projected 5.8 % for 2010 . Curbing inflation , reducing the deficit , and improving public sector efficiency through an anti-corruption drive , remain key challenges to the government . Previous political resistance to privatization had stalled liberalization efforts . However , after the signing of CAFTA , Costa Rica is now open to competition with its Central American partners in its insurance and telecommunications markets . Costa Rica 's economy emerged from recession in 1997 and has shown strong aggregate growth since then . After 6.2 % growth in 1997 , GDP grew a substantial 8.3 % in 1999 , led by exports . Costa Rica had a US$ 6.64 bn trade deficit in 2013 , on exports of US$ 11.48 bn and imports of US$ 18.13 bn . Hybrid electronic circuits was the leading durable export category in 2013 , followed by pineapple , banana , medical equipment , medical bioproducts , and coffee , juices , prosthetics , and surgery tools ; these categories added up to over 50 % of exports . Miscellaneous circuits including telephones and miscellaneous petroleum products added to just under 25 % of imports . The strength in the nontraditional export and tourism sector is masking a relatively lackluster performance by traditional sectors , including agriculture . The central government deficit decreased to 3.2 % of GDP in 1999 , down from 3.3 % from the year before . On a consolidated basis , including Central Bank losses and parastatal enterprise profits , the public sector deficit was 2.3 % of GDP . Costa Rica had a formal line of credit with the World Bank valued at US$ 947M in April 2014 , of which US$ 645M had been accessed and US$ 600M remained outstanding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b905ae3bf3c989333a96bd5623366f84", "text": "Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows . Such economies are often marked by : A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization , a large service sector , and an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy . The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "606c8d1cb4132db1a62e9bcdebcbb9d3", "text": "Marienburg, Papua New Guinea A town located near the mouth of the Sepik River in the East Sepik province of Papua New Guinea . In 1913 , in what was then German New Guinea , missionaries of the Catholic Society of the Divine Word established at settlement here . It was the first European settlement on the Sepik . The settlement 's main industry was milling timber floated downriver and , to aid this , one of the first railways in the country was built to transport timber from the river to the sawmill . It was drawn by buffalo . The town was occupied during the Japanese invasion of Papua New Guinea in 1942 . Bombing and subsequent re-occupation of the town by Allied forces led to the destruction of the sawmill , houses and church constructed there . These were rebuilt and , by the 1960s the area had a thriving milling business again . Shortly before independence in 1975 , labour disputes led to the mismanagement and decline of the business and ultimately all industry ceased there . Category : Populated places in East Sepik Province", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9ad86c4c6f4d657f4420470abfa5d86", "text": "Agriculture in Papua New Guinea Agriculture in Papua New Guinea has a more than 7,000 years old history . Currently around 85 % of Papua New Guinea 's population lives from semi-subsistence agriculture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1532e34b5825738ec01662464b2031f1", "text": "The World Development Report 2011 The 2011 World Development Report : Conflict , Security and Development ( WDR ) is a document by the World Bank on the challenges organised violence poses to the advancement of less developed countries . The report finds that over the last 30 years poverty has been reduced for most of the world 's population - but this is not the case for the estimated 1.5 billion people living in countries blighted by on-going conflict . Not one low income country suffering from on-going violence has achieved a single Millennium Development Goal . Once mass violence takes root in a society , it can take a generation or more to restore stability . Organised violence as defined by the report includes civil and inter-state war as well as the violence resulting from criminal activity , especially drug and human trafficking . The WDR does not address interpersonal and domestic violence , though it acknowledges they are also relevant to development . The report finds that overall mass conflict has become less prevalent over recent decades , with the average number of worldwide battle deaths dropping from 164,000 per year in the 1980s to only 42,000 in the 2000s . But the 1.5 billion living in conflict wracked states have not benefited from this trend . A new form of mass violence plagues their countries , with cycles of political violence alternating with periods where as many or more die from criminal activity . Despite the difficulties in overcoming a legacy of conflict , violence or authoritarian rule , several countries have made impressive progress including Chile , Colombia , Ghana , Indonesia , Mozambique , South Africa and Timor-Leste . The report offers lessons drawn from these past successes . The World Bank stress that their report does not proscribe standard fixes suitable for all , and that efforts to resolve conflicts should be nationally led from within affected countries . Workable solutions will have to be tailored to each set of individual circumstance . Yet the WDR does find that previous successful efforts share many common features , which are reflected in the report 's WDR framework .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eff85e0e31cb056c5e9fe3ec422f045a", "text": "Environmental Performance Index The Environmental Performance Index ( EPI ) is a method of quantifying and numerically marking the environmental performance of a state 's policies . This index was developed from the Pilot Environmental Performance Index , first published in 2002 , and designed to supplement the environmental targets set forth in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals . The EPI was preceded by the Environmental Sustainability Index ( ESI ) , published between 1999 and 2005 . Both indexes were developed by Yale University ( Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy ) and Columbia University ( Center for International Earth Science Information Network ) in collaboration with the World Economic Forum and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission . The ESI was developed to evaluate environmental sustainability relative to the paths of other countries . Due to a shift in focus by the teams developing the ESI , the EPI uses outcome-oriented indicators , then working as a benchmark index that can be more easily used by policy makers , environmental scientists , advocates and the general public . Other leading indices like the Global Green Economy Index ( GGEI ) provide an integrated measure of the environmental , social and economic dynamics of national economies . The GGEI utilizes EPI data for the environmental dimension of the index while also providing a performance assessment of efficiency sectors ( e.g. transport , buildings , energy ) , investment , green innovation and national leadership around climate change . As of January 2012 four EPI reports have been released - the Pilot 2006 Environmental Performance Index , and the 2008 , 2010 , and 2012 Environmental Performance Index . For the 2012 report , a new `` Pilot Trend EPI '' was developed to rank countries based on the environmental performance changes occurred during the last decade , allowing to establish which countries are improving and which are declining . In the 2014 EPI ranking , the top five countries were Switzerland , Luxembourg , Australia , Singapore , and the Czech Republic . The bottom five countries in 2014 were Somalia , Mali , Haiti , Lesotho , and Afghanistan . The United Kingdom was ranked in 12th place , Japan 26th place , the United States 33rd , Brazil 77th , China 118th , and India came in 155th . The top five countries based on their 2012 Pilot Trend EPI were Estonia , Kuwait , El Salvador , Namibia and Congo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c83f2bea2bd76c2fba3affcef9af2d3", "text": "Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia , north of the Timor Sea . The island is divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia , on the western part . The Indonesian part , also known as West Timor , constitutes part of the province of East Nusa Tenggara . Within West Timor lies an exclave of East Timor called Oecusse District . The island covers an area of 30,777 km2 . The name is a variant of timur , Malay for `` east '' ; it is so called because it lies at the eastern end of the Lesser Sunda Islands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e86b7c7ac5eb05de4c647f22e16d785d", "text": "Natural Resource Charter The Natural Resource Charter is a global initiative to assist governments and societies of countries rich in non-renewable natural resources to effectively govern those resources in a way that generates economic growth , promotes the welfare of the population and is environmentally sustainable . The Charter is made up of 12 best practice principles , which cover the sequence of choices faced by governments in relation to resource extraction . These range from how to create the right environment for responsible investment , to fiscal terms , contracts , institutions and regulations , to macroeconomic management and strategies for sustainable development . The Natural Resource Charter has also developed an assessment framework , allowing governments and societies to assess their performance in natural resource governance according to the 12 precepts . In 2012 this assessment framework was piloted in Nigeria by a group of Nigerian civil society specialists on the petroleum sector , leading to the publication of an assessment report with traffic light scoring according to the precepts of the Charter . In 2011 the Charter was adopted by the African Union Heads of State steering committee for the New Partnership for Africa 's Development as a flagship Natural Resource Governance Programme starting in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd9388eaecbfcf354a905a4ea4193d7", "text": "Government Broadband Index The Government Broadband Index ( gBBi ) is a report compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit that assesses countries on the basis of government planning , as opposed to current broadband capability . With ambitious targets for both the speed and coverage of next-generation broadband networks , the developed countries of East Asia scored highest in the Economist Intelligence Unit 's first government broadband index . According to the index Greece is the worst-performing country measured , owing to its relatively low coverage target and drawn-out deployment schedule . Greece also suffers due to the considerable size of its public-funding commitment as a percentage of overall government budget revenues , and because its plan does little to foment competition in the high-speed broadband market . Australia , with the most ambitious targets in the world for both speed and coverage , ranks in the bottom half of the index , because its National Broadband Network ( NBN ) program is partially funded by the Australian government and the rankings ignore plans to privatize the network in year 9 . South Korea , by comparison , was also a government initiative 15 years ago but has now been privatized , hence its high ranking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2e57cf667b404bfd69c7b9585cb8f53", "text": "Economy of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau is among the world 's least developed nations and one of the 10 poorest countries in the world , and depends mainly on agriculture and fishing . Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years , and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production . Guinea-Bissau exports non-fillet frozen fish and seafood , peanuts , palm kernels , and timber . License fees for fishing provide the government with some revenue . Rice is the major crop and staple food .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d9473382a808c8c290e2fd82ac28d3", "text": "Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility . In 2011 , gross domestic product was US$ 12.3 bn . With a population of 321,000 , this is $ 38,000 per capita , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) estimates . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 produced a decline in GDP and employment , although the magnitude of this decline remains to be determined . Iceland has a mixed economy with high levels of free trade and government intervention . However , government consumption is less than other Nordic countries . Geothermal power is the primary source of home and industrial energy in Iceland . In the 1990s Iceland undertook extensive free market reforms , which initially produced strong economic growth . As a result , Iceland was rated as having one of the world 's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms . In 2007 , Iceland topped the list of nations ranked by Human Development Index and was one of the most egalitarian , according to the calculation provided by the Gini coefficient . From 2006 onwards , the economy faced problems of growing inflation and current account deficits . Partly in response , and partly as a result of earlier reforms , the financial system expanded rapidly before collapsing entirely in a sweeping financial crisis . Iceland had to obtain emergency funding from the International Monetary Fund and a range of European countries in November 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "629e04110b19288d156743db947015e7", "text": "Wiwa Korowi Sir Wiwa Korowi , GCMG ( born July 7 , 1948 ) was the sixth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea . Sir Wiwa is from the Southern Highlands . He was a member of the Nationalist Party and was voted by the Parliament to the position of Governor-General on November 18 , 1991 , to fill the position which Serei Eri had vacated roughly one and a half months earlier . He served in that position through 1997 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b865849c06f46d840b42baebf9c050b0", "text": "Spider-Man Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko , and first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy # 15 ( Aug. 1962 ) in the Silver Age of Comic Books . Lee and Ditko conceived the character as an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben , and as a teenager , having to deal with the normal struggles of adolescence in addition to those of a costumed crime-fighter . Spider-Man 's creators gave him super strength and agility , the ability to cling to most surfaces , shoot spider-webs using wrist-mounted devices of his own invention , which he calls `` web-shooters '' , and react to danger quickly with his `` spider-sense '' , enabling him to combat his foes . When Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s , teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist . The Spider-Man series broke ground by featuring Peter Parker , the high school student behind Spider-Man 's secret identity and with whose `` self-obsessions with rejection , inadequacy , and loneliness '' young readers could relate . While Spider-Man had all the makings of a sidekick , unlike previous teen heroes such as Bucky and Robin , Spider-Man had no superhero mentor like Captain America and Batman ; he thus had to learn for himself that `` with great power there must also come great responsibility '' -- a line included in a text box in the final panel of the first Spider-Man story but later retroactively attributed to his guardian , the late Uncle Ben . Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series , the first and longest-lasting of which is titled The Amazing Spider-Man . Over the years , the Peter Parker character has developed from shy , nerdy New York City high school student to troubled but outgoing college student , to married high school teacher to , in the late 2000s , a single freelance photographer . In the 2010s , he joins the Avengers , Marvel 's flagship superhero team . Spider-Man 's nemesis Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012 -- 2014 , following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die . Separately , Marvel has also published books featuring alternate versions of Spider-Man , including Spider-Man 2099 , which features the adventures of Miguel O'Hara , the Spider-Man of the future ; Ultimate Spider-Man , which features the adventures of a teenaged Peter Parker in an alternate universe ; and Ultimate Comics Spider-Man , which depicts the teenager Miles Morales , who takes up the mantle of Spider-Man after Ultimate Peter Parker 's supposed death . Spider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes . As Marvel 's flagship character and company mascot , he has appeared in countless forms of media , including several animated and live action television series , syndicated newspaper comic strips , and in a series of films . The character was first portrayed in live action by Danny Seagren in Spidey Super Stories , a The Electric Company skit which ran from 1974 to 1977 . In films , Spider-Man has been portrayed by actors Tobey Maguire ( 2002 -- 2007 ) and Andrew Garfield ( 2012 -- 2014 ) , while Tom Holland portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in Captain America : Civil War in 2016 . Reeve Carney starred as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man : Turn Off the Dark . Spider-Man has been well received as a superhero and comic book character , and he is often ranked as one of the most popular comic book characters of all time , alongside DC Comics ' most famous superheroes , Batman and Superman .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b01c069478889cb5ed5da659e226da", "text": "Knickerbocker Theatre (Broadway) The Knickerbocker Theatre , previously known as Abbey 's Theatre and Henry Abbey 's Theatre , was a Broadway theatre located at 1396 Broadway ( West 38th Street ) in New York City . It operated from 1893 to 1930 . In 1906 , the theatre introduced the first moving electrical sign on Broadway to advertise its productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1df513c13b2a3245d3e43d4a95360875", "text": "Drat! The Cat! Drat ! The Cat ! is a musical with a book and lyrics by Ira Levin and music by Milton Schafer . Originally called Cat and Mouse , this spoof of late-Victorian melodrama has at its core Alice Van Guilder , who wants to be a career girl at a time when nice young ladies marry well instead of having careers . Frustrated by the obstacles standing in her way , she becomes a cat burglar and plunders the homes of Manhattan 's high society in the 1890s . After 11 previews , the Broadway production , directed and choreographed by Joe Layton , opened on October 10 , 1965 at the Martin Beck Theatre , where it ran for eight performances . The cast included Lesley Ann Warren , Elliott Gould , Charles Durning , Jane Connell , and Beth Howland . Conductor Herbert Grossman served as Music Director and Clare Grundman wrote the orchestra score . Warren won the Theatre World Award for her performance , and the show was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Scenic Design . Long after the show closed , Blue Pear issued an original cast album from a recording surreptitiously made during a live performance . Gould 's wife at the time , Barbra Streisand , had a hit with her recording of a gender-reversal version of one of the show 's tunes : `` He Touched Me , '' which went to number two on the Easy Listening chart . On the B-side of that single , Streisand also recorded , `` I Like Him . '' In 1997 , Varèse Sarabande released a studio recording featuring Susan Egan , Jason Graae , Judy Kaye , Bryan Batt , Jonathan Freeman , and Elaine Stritch . The recording was produced by Bruce Kimmel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adbd78c39d4b068519f33eab33241339", "text": "Lyceum Theatre (Broadway) The Lyceum Theatre ( pronounced ly-CEE-um ) is a Broadway theatre located at 149 West 45th Street near Times Square between Seventh and Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan , New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe3f02ac96dc9806d16c2bd991f2766", "text": "Belasco Theatre The Belasco Theatre is a Broadway theatre opened in 1907 at 111 West 44th Street in midtown-Manhattan . Originally known as the Stuyvesant Theatre , it was designed by architect George Keister for impresario David Belasco . The interior featured Tiffany lighting and ceiling panels , rich woodwork and expansive murals by American artist Everett Shinn , and a ten-room duplex penthouse apartment that Belasco utilized as combination living quarters/office space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11dd9d649ff5075c0317701c349ffe64", "text": "Broadway (Portland, Oregon) Broadway is a street in Portland , Oregon that runs from the Southwest Hills into the Rose City Park area of Portland . It is north-south in Downtown Portland , crosses the Willamette River over the Broadway Bridge , and is east-west on the east side of the river . The Memorial Coliseum and Lloyd Center are located on or near Broadway . Many old movie theaters are on Broadway in the Hollywood District . The street also runs through historic Irvington and Sullivan 's Gulch . Portland State University is also located on Broadway . The section west of the Willamette was the most vibrant street in downtown Portland even before it was renamed , in 1913 , from 7th Avenue to Broadway , and this continued for decades . During the day , it was a bustling shopping street , and remains a busy shopping street today . The street hosted several movie theaters and vaudeville playhouses , and at night their many neon signs and lighted marquees gave the area a look that was similar to Manhattan 's more-famous Broadway . Almost all of the movie theaters have since closed , most in the 1960s and 1970s , but the street remains the center of downtown 's nightlife . Theaters still located on Broadway in downtown include the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall ( in a former Paramount Theatre ) and the Antoinette Hatfield Hall . Over a dozen buildings on Broadway are listed on the National Register of Historic Places , but the street is meant to be a busy and commercial , and to provide a route through which Portlanders could commute . Due to an advanced lighting system installed in 1925 , it was once called `` the brightest street in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebc3d9442bb72dfe78f542a7130ec90", "text": "Spider-Girl Spider-Girl ( May `` Mayday '' Parker ) is a fictional superheroine in Marvel Comics ' MC2 universe . The character was created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz as the teenage daughter of Peter Parker ( Spider-Man ) and Mary Jane Watson , and first appeared in What If ( vol . 2 ) # 105 ( February 1998 ) . She later acquired her own ongoing comic book , Spider-Girl , written by DeFalco and drawn by Frenz and Pat Olliffe , which was the longest-running superhero book with a lead female character ever published by Marvel before being relaunched as The Amazing Spider-Girl , and later The Spectacular Spider-Girl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "828eb4d6ea9bb2d42a702bf21a6d8478", "text": "Stage Right! Stage Right ! is a professional theatre company and performing arts school located in Greensburg , Pennsylvania . Established in 1998 as an organization for young people to take classes in musical theatre by Chris Rizk , Stage Right ! also became a professional theatre company in 1999 , established by artistic director Anthony Marino , Rizk 's brother . The company produces a full season of musicals , utilizing professional actors from the Pittsburgh theatre scene as well as students from their classes . In spring 2013 , Stage Right moved its studio a few blocks to a larger space at 105 W Fourth Street , Greensburg . The season is supplemented with many other opportunities to utilize the talents of the students , including an `` all-county musical '' featuring students from local high school theatre programs , children 's plays , summer camp productions , and Books Come Alive ! , a series of adaptations of children 's books performed at libraries throughout the area . The company is also notable for its annual production of The Rocky Horror Show every Halloween . Many of Stage Right ! 's students have had success in Pittsburgh Public Theater 's Shakespeare Monologue and Scene Contest , as well as going on to well-respected college theatre programs such as Carnegie Mellon University , Point Park University , New York University , Seton Hill University , Syracuse University , and Shenandoah University . Stage Right ! alums have also had success in professional theatre , working in such venues as York Theatre , Off the Wall Productions , Bricolage Production Company , Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre , Prime Stage Theatre , Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera , Pittsburgh Musical Theater , St. Vincent Summer Theatre , City Theatre , Terra Nova Theatre Group , MCC Theater , and 12 Peers Theater , as well as having had their work featured in the Pittsburgh New Works Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9a5622bb3a79c31b120c2ced5c4a465", "text": "Broadway Line Broadway Line refers to the following transit lines : In Brooklyn Broadway Line ( Brooklyn elevated ) ( rapid transit , now the BMT Jamaica Line ) ; served by the trains Broadway Line ( Brooklyn surface ) ( bus , formerly streetcar ) In Manhattan BMT Broadway Line ( rapid transit ) ; served by the trains IRT Broadway -- Seventh Avenue Line ( rapid transit ) ; served by the trains Broadway Line ( Lower Manhattan surface ) , Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue Line , Broadway and Columbus Avenue Line , and Broadway and Lexington Avenue Line ( bus , formerly streetcar ) on Broadway below Times Square Broadway and University Place Line , an older streetcar line using Broadway between Union Square and Times Square Broadway Line ( Midtown Manhattan surface ) ( bus , formerly streetcar ) on Broadway from 42nd Street to 125th Street Broadway-Kingsbridge Line ( bus , formerly streetcar ) on Broadway from near 169th Street to the Bronx Broadway and 145th Street Line ( bus , formerly streetcar ) on Broadway from near 169th Street to the city line Elsewhere Broadway Line ( Queens surface ) ( bus , formerly streetcar ) Broadway Bus ( Bayonne ) , New Jersey Broadway Line ( Baltimore ) ( bus , formerly streetcar )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e181613ab7d788ffec3e77d47a84cc5", "text": "Booth's Theatre Booth 's Theatre was a theatre in Manhattan built by actor Edwin Booth . Located on the southeast corner of 23rd Street and Sixth Avenue , Booth 's Theatre opened on February 3 , 1869 . The Theatre featured a grand vestibule with Italian marble floors and a large statue of Edwin Booth 's father , the Shakespearean actor , Junius Brutus Booth by the sculptor Thomas Ridgeway Gould . The auditorium was similarly elaborate in its decor , and featured a large chandelier , as well as a stage that incorporated the most modern machinery in use at the time , such hydraulic rams to raise and lower scenery , and stage lights that could be completely extinguished during the performance , a first in the United States . Despite the appearances by important talent of the times , Booth could not make the Theatre a financially viable enterprise . It was sold in December 1881 , and was converted into McCreery & Co. department store until 1965 , when it was demolished to make room for a parking lot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e0f86c535c417b7cf1aa28bdde7d97a", "text": "Soul Doctor Soul Doctor - Journey of a Rockstar Rabbi is a Broadway musical that details the life of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach , with music and lyrics by Shlomo Carlebach and David Schechter , and book and direction by Daniel Wise . The Soul Doctor show debuted at Le Petit Theatre du Vieux Carre in New Orleans , and had subsequent runs at The Colony Theater in Miami , The Parker Playhouse in Ft Lauderdale , and The New York Theatre Workshop in New York City . The Broadway production started previews on July 2013 with its official opening night taking place August 15 , 2013 at Broadway 's Circle in the Square Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2225f5b3f385d8524519128e42774942", "text": "Spider-Man (pinball) Spider-Man is a pinball machine designed by Steve Ritchie and manufactured by Stern Pinball that was first released in June 2007 . The table encompasses all three films in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy , which in turn were based on the prior comics and television series . In 2016 , the game was remanufactured as part of its `` Vault '' series of re-releases , this time with all the movie elements of the machine replaced with an Ultimate Spider-Man-based theme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14782e619650a3253cb8edb85059ee9a", "text": "The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip) The Amazing Spider-Man is a daily comic strip featuring the character Spider-Man .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "849dc639ddb967847ab819a36246d19e", "text": "The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of fantasy films from Walden Media , based on The Chronicles of Narnia , a series of novels by C. S. Lewis . From the seven novels , there have been three film adaptations so far -- The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Prince Caspian ( 2008 ) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader ( 2010 ) -- which have grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide among them . The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia , guided by Aslan , a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia . The children heavily featured in the films are the Pevensie siblings , and a prominent antagonist is the White Witch ( also known as Jadis ) . The first two films were directed by Andrew Adamson and the third film was directed by Michael Apted . The fourth film will be directed by Joe Johnston .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "afeab5ac0fc2200f66c534841c8b2b21", "text": "Genesis creation narrative The Genesis creation narrative is the creation myth of both Judaism and Christianity . Two creation stories are found in the first two chapters of the Book of Genesis . In the first Elohim , the Hebrew generic plural word for God , creates the heavens and the earth in six days , starting with light on the first day and ending with mankind on the sixth ( creating man and woman independently and at the same time ) , then rests on , blesses and sanctifies the seventh . In the second story , God , now referred to by the personal name Yahweh , creates Adam , the first man , from dust and places him in the Garden of Eden , where he is given dominion over the animals . Eve , the first woman , is created from Adam and as his companion . Borrowing themes from Mesopotamian mythology , but adapting them to the Israelite people 's belief in one God , the first major comprehensive draft of the Pentateuch ( the series of five books which begins with Genesis and ends with Deuteronomy ) was composed in the late 7th or the 6th century BCE ( the Jahwist source ) and was later expanded by other authors ( the Priestly source ) into a work very like the one we have today . The two sources can be identified in the creation narrative : is Priestly and is Jahwistic . The combined narrative is a critique of the Mesopotamian theology of creation : Genesis affirms monotheism and denies polytheism . Robert Alter described the combined narrative as `` compelling in its archetypal character , its adaptation of myth to monotheistic ends '' . Misunderstanding the genre of the Genesis creation narrative , meaning the intention of the author/s and the culture within which they wrote , can result in a misreading . Reformed evangelical scholar Bruce Waltke cautions against one such misreading , the approach which reads it as history rather than theology and so leads to Creationism and the denial of evolution . As noted scholar of Jewish studies , Jon D. Levenson , puts it : `` How much history lies behind the story of Genesis ? Because the action of the primeval story is not represented as taking place on the plane of ordinary human history and has so many affinities with ancient mythology , it is very far-fetched to speak of its narratives as historical at all . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca206e4f3d937a36cd0a1383fc562f3", "text": "Medieval literature Medieval literature is a broad subject , encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages ( that is , the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca . AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century ) . The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works . Just as in modern literature , it is a complex and rich field of study , from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane , touching all points in-between . Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin , language , and genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58a2a20520290feed29e938a409b50ec", "text": "The Last Battle The Last Battle is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis , published by The Bodley Head in 1956 . It was the seventh and final novel in The Chronicles of Narnia ( 1950 -- 1956 ) . Like the others it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes and her work has been retained in many later editions . The Last Battle is set almost entirely in the Narnia world and the English children who participate arrive only in the middle of the narrative . The novel is set some 200 Narnian years after The Silver Chair and about 2500 years since the creation of the world narrated in The Magician 's Nephew . A false Aslan is set up in the north-western borderlands and conflict between true and false Narnians merges with that between Narnia and Calormen , whose people worship Tash . It concludes with termination of the world by Aslan , after a `` last battle '' that is practically lost . Macmillan US published an American edition within the calendar year . Lewis and The Last Battle won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association , recognising the year 's best children 's book by a British subject . The author wrote to illustrator Baynes , `` is it not rather ` our ' medal ? I 'm sure the illustrations were taken into account as well as the text . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92fef07e1bb381a5249b2315ffb5ee9", "text": "Boxen (C. S. Lewis) Boxen is a fictional world that C. S. Lewis ( `` Jack '' ) and his brother W. H. Lewis ( `` Warren '' ) created as children . The world of Boxen was created when Jack 's stories about Animal-Land and Warnie 's stories about India were brought together . In Surprised by Joy , Jack explains that the union of Animal-Land and India took place `` sometime in the late eighteenth century ( their eighteenth century , not ours ) '' . During a time when influenza was ravaging many families , the Lewis brothers were forced to stay indoors and entertain themselves by reading . They read whatever books they could find , both those written for children and adults . Influenced by Beatrix Potter 's animals , C.S. Lewis wrote about Animal-Land , complete with details about its economics , politics/government , and history , as well as illustrations of buildings and characters . The stories were published posthumously as Boxen : The Imaginary World of the Young C. S. Lewis Edited by Walter Hooper and first published by London : Collins May 28 , 1985 . First American edition : San Diego : Harcourt , Brace , Javanovich , October 17 , 1985 . ( republished as Boxen : Childhood Chronicles Before Narnia ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9affe046dab904020747d9f5494e22ba", "text": "Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' . The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview . A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4966e2ea4e5678deee7f49105cdde4e", "text": "Copyright law of the Netherlands According to the Dutch Copyright Law ( called Auteurswet ) , a Dutch copyright ( called auteursrecht ) is the exclusive right of the author of a work of literature , science or art , to publish and duplicate such work ( article 1 ) . A copyright comes into existence by making the work . No formalities , such as copyright registration , are necessary to obtain a copyright . The duration of a copyright is 70 years after the death of the author ( article 37 ) . The term `` work '' includes many materials , such as books , brochures , films , photographs , musical works , works of visual art and geographical maps ( article 10 ) . Further , the Dutch Supreme Court has ruled that to be considered a work , it should have its own , original character with the personal imprint of the author ( HR 4 January 1991 , NJ 1991 , 608 ( Van Dale/Romme ) ) . The exclusive right to publish a work includes amongst others the publication of a copy of ( part of ) the work , the public recitation thereof and to rent or lend ( part of ) the work to public institutions ( article 12 ) . The exclusive right to duplicate a work includes amongst others the recording , the translation , the music arrangement and the adaptation for the screen of the work ( article 13 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8cd5f7c7755682385b7cbd0108d76a8", "text": "The Encyclopedia of Fantasy The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is a 1997 reference work concerning fantasy fiction , edited by John Clute and John Grant . Other contributors include Mike Ashley , Neil Gaiman , Diana Wynne Jones , David Langford , Sam J. Lundwall , Michael Scott Rohan , Brian Stableford and Lisa Tuttle . The book was well-received on publication . During 1998 , it received the Hugo Award , World Fantasy Award , and Locus Award . The industry publication Library Journal described The Encyclopedia of Fantasy as `` the first of its kind '' . Since November 2012 , the full text of The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is available on-line , as a companion to the on-line Encyclopedia of Science Fiction . However , the editors of the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction have stated that there are not any plans to update the Encyclopedia of Fantasy , at least for the foreseeable future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77f1c52f9067b1ac09c71de0fc506ff6", "text": "Keléstia Productions Keléstia Productions publishes role-playing materials for use with Hârn , a fictitious setting . Keléstia Productions was created by N. Robin Crossby , the original creator of Hârn , after a contract dispute with publisher Columbia Games proved irresolvable . Keléstia Productions is known for the incredible detail and high design standards of its online products . As of this writing , Kelestia Productions produces no printed materials . A community of dedicated fans produces additional highly-detailed supplements . Despite disagreements between Keléstia Publications and rival Columbia Games , the products produced by both entities are completely compatible either `` as-is '' or with the use of simple conversion information available freely through the fan community . The fan community produces additional high-quality supplements that are compatible with both Columbia Games and Kelestia Productions products . Since the death of N. Robin Crossby , Keléstia Productions has continued as company owned by Crossby 's estate , principally producing products describing the wider world beyond Hârn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b034fdced639b53971ec5f9c98772c56", "text": "The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings . During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places . Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s . These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem . The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame . Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club . According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between . The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f84941b8c8447ae3036e3cc303fe7ba", "text": "Creature of statute A creature of statute ( also known as creature of the state ) is a legal entity , such as a corporation , created by statute . Creatures of statute may include municipalities and other artificial legal entities or relationships . Thus , when a statute in some fashion requires the formation of a corporate body -- often for governmental purposes -- such bodies when formed are known as `` creatures of statute . '' The same concept is also expressed with the phrase `` creature of the state . '' The term `` creature of statute '' is most common to the United States . In the United Kingdom , these bodies are simply called statutory corporations ( or statutory bodies ) and generally have some governmental function . The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is an example . In a wider sense , most companies in the UK are created under statute since the Companies Act 1985 specifies how a company may be created by a member of the public , but these companies are not called ` statutory corporations ' . Often , in American legal and business documents that speak of governing bodies ( e.g. , a board that governs small businesses in China ) these bodies are described as `` creatures of statute '' to inform readers of their origins and format although the national governments that created them may not term them as creatures of statute . Australia also uses the term `` creature of statute '' to describe some governmental bodies . The importance of a corporate body , regardless of its exact function , when such a body is a creature of statute is that its active functions can only be within the scope detailed by the statute which created that corporation . Thereby , the creature of statute is the tangible manifestation of the functions or work described by a given statute . The jurisdiction of a body that is a creature of statute is also therefore limited to the functional scope written into the laws that created that body . Unlike most ( private ) corporate bodies , creatures of statute can not expand their business interests into other diverse areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb89410f44f522d62482ee6060fc60a1", "text": "Bible The Bible ( from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία , tà biblía , `` the books '' ) is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans . Many different authors contributed to the Bible . What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups ; a number of Bible canons have evolved , with overlapping and diverging contents . The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint ; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh . The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians , believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ , written in first-century Koine Greek . These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives , letters , and apocalyptic writings . Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon , primarily the Apocrypha , a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect . Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups . Roman Catholics , Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition , while Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura , or scripture alone . This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation , and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching . With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies , the Bible is widely considered to be the best-selling book of all time . It has estimated annual sales of 100 million copies , and has been a major influence on literature and history , especially in the West , where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce007bc7bd6876b62dde384f7bb8ab7", "text": "Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings . Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 . Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set . The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67767dc40db4a8d1ad6dacbc0a7a8293", "text": "Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline . Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title . Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions . The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f799635bf7b54bdab24950e73bbabf42", "text": "White Witch Jadis is the main antagonist of The Magician 's Nephew and of The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe in C. S. Lewis 's series , The Chronicles of Narnia . She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the Hundred Years Winter . Some recent editions of the books include brief notes , added by later editors , that describe the cast of characters . As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel points out , the description there of Jadis and the Queen of Underland ( the main antagonist of The Silver Chair ) `` states incorrectly that the Queen of Underland is an embodiment of Jadis '' . Beyond characterising the two as `` Northern Witches '' , Lewis 's text does not connect them . See Lady of the Green Kirtle for further discussion .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8252ad04f97d4e5a596533ed2afab8e8", "text": "John Cena John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. ( -LSB- ˈsiːnə -RSB- born April 23 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler , rapper , actor , and reality television show host . He is signed to WWE , where he performs on the SmackDown brand . Cena started his professional wrestling career in 1999 with Ultimate Pro Wrestling ( UPW ) and won the UPW Heavyweight Championship the following year . Cena signed a developmental contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , later renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment , or simply WWE ) in 2001 , debuting on the WWE main roster in 2002 . From a generic character in 2002 , Cena morphed into a rapper for the time period of 2002 -- 2004 , which earned him fame within the audience on SmackDown ! . Cena later transitioned to his current character , which he describes as a `` goody-two shoes Superman '' . However , Cena has been labeled as the `` most polarizing professional wrestler ever '' as his character has many supporters and many detractors , according to Jim Ross of Fox Sports , who also noted that Cena has been WWE 's franchise player for a long-time . In 2012 , IGN described Cena as WWE 's franchise player since 2005 and WWE credited Cena as being the `` face of WWE '' in 2015 since 2004 . Industry veterans John Layfield , Paul Heyman , and Kurt Angle have called Cena the greatest WWE star of all time . Throughout his WWE career , Cena has won 25 championships , with 16 reigns as a world champion ( 13 times as WWE Champion and three times as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , an accomplishment only previously achieved by WWE Hall of Famer Ric Flair . He is also a five-time United States Champion , and four-time world tag team champion ( two World Tag Team and two WWE Tag Team ) . Furthermore , he is a Money in the Bank ladder match winner ( 2012 ) , a two-time Royal Rumble winner ( 2008 , 2013 ) , and a three-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner ( 2009 , 2010 , 2012 ) . Cena has the fourth-highest number of combined days as WWE Champion , behind Bruno Sammartino , Bob Backlund , and Hulk Hogan . He has also headlined WWE 's flagship event , WrestleMania , on five different occasions ( WrestleManias 22 , 23 , XXVII , XXVIII , and 29 ) over the course of his career , as well as many others pay-per-view events . As of 2016 , John Cena is WWE 's highest-paid wrestler . Outside of wrestling , Cena has released the rap album You Ca n't See Me , which debuted at No. 15 on the US Billboard 200 chart , and starred in the feature films The Marine ( 2006 ) , 12 Rounds ( 2009 ) , Legendary ( 2010 ) , The Reunion ( 2011 ) , Trainwreck ( 2015 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) . Cena has also made appearances on television shows including Manhunt , Deal or No Deal , MADtv , Saturday Night Live , Punk 'd , Psych , and Parks and Recreation . He was also a contestant on Fast Cars and Superstars : The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race , where he made it to the final round before being eliminated , placing third in the overall competition . Cena is also the host of American Grit on Fox . Cena is involved in numerous philanthropic causes ; most notably with the Make-A-Wish Foundation . He has granted the most wishes in Make-A-Wish history .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a568ffcf53f1e652d5f845b15c0cb262", "text": "NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship The NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship contested for in Jim Crockett Promotions ( JCP ) , a territory-promotion governed by the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . The title was only contestable by male individual wrestlers . Since 1974 , JCP was also known as `` Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling '' ( MACW ) , which is why all of its championships included `` Mid-Atlantic '' in their names . Being a professional wrestling championship , it was not won legitimately ; it was instead won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline . In 1970 , the championship was introduced as the NWA Eastern Heavyweight Championship during a taping of Championship WrestlingChampionship Wrestling was a television program for JCP that began airing on local WGHP television markets in 1964 . on October 13 , 1970 . It was announced that the Missouri Mauler had defeated the defending champion Pat O'Connor in New York City to win the title ; this title change was fictitious and a storyline to introduce the championship to the promotion ; nevertheless , O'Connor 's reign is denoted as the first official reign . Because it was fictitious , further information regarding O'Connor 's reign is unavailable . On the September 6 , 1973 taping of Championship Wrestling , JCP owner Jim Crockett , Jr. announced the retirement of the NWA Eastern Heavyweight Championship and the establishment of the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship ; this coincided with the rebranding of JCP as MACW . At the time of this change , Jerry Brisco was in his fourth reign as the NWA Eastern Heavyweight Champion , and as a result of never losing the title , he was recognized as the first NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Champion . Because Brisco 's fourth reign did not end , being awarded the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Title is not counted as a new reign overall in the title 's history . On December 26 , 1986 , Ron Garvin , after winning JCP 's version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship with Barry Windham , vacated the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Title and handed the belt to Crockett , Jr. on a taping of World Championship Wrestling.World Championship Wrestling was a television program for JCP that began airing on WTBS television markets in 1981 . Crockett , Jr. deactivated the championship for unknown reasons , and eventually , JCP was sold to Ted Turner in 1988 . As a result , Garvin was the final wrestler to hold the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Title . In the late 1990s , a group of promoters was given permission by the NWA to establish a territory called `` Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling ( MACW ) '' ; however , this territory has not claimed any connection to the original JCP/MACW . As a result , their prime championship , called the MACW Heavyweight Championship , has no connection to this original JCP/MACW championship . Overall , there were 60 reigns shared between 29 wrestlers . Fifteen of those reigns occurred while the title was called the `` NWA Eastern Heavyweight Championship '' , while 46 occurred under the `` NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship '' name . The title had only one official Vacant , which occurred in July 1985 . Jack Brisco and Wahoo McDaniel had the most reigns as champion , with six ; Jerry Brisco and Rip Hawk had the second-most , with four . Ken Patera 's second reign was the longest in the title 's history , at 334 days ; the Missouri Mauler had the second-longest , at 275 days . Johnny Valentine ranks first in combined reigns by length , at 504 days with 2 reigns ; Patera ranks second , at 495 days with 4 reigns . All title changes occurred at JCP -- promoted events : live events , pay-per-view events , and on televised events that aired on broadcast delay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e4a50d3049804d71c9435307d1ee619", "text": "Backlash (2003) Backlash ( 2003 ) was the fifth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by Castrol GTX , and took place on April 27 , 2003 , at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester , Massachusetts and starred talent from the promotion 's Raw and SmackDown ! brands . The main event and featured match of the Raw brand was the encounter of Goldberg and The Rock , where Goldberg , in his first WWE Pay-Per-View , defeated Rock by pinfall , following a spear and a Jackhammer . The featured match on the undercard was a WWE Championship match from the SmackDown ! brand , between John Cena and the reigning champion , Brock Lesnar , where Lesnar defeated Cena by pinfall after an F-5 . The other predominant match on the undercard was a six-man tag team match from the Raw brand , between the team of Triple H , Ric Flair , and Chris Jericho facing Shawn Michaels , Kevin Nash , and Booker T. Triple H , Flair , and Jericho won the match by pinfall , after Triple H hit Nash with a sledgehammer . The predominant undercard match from the SmackDown ! brand was the encounter of The Big Show and Rey Mysterio , where Big Show pinned Mysterio after a chokeslam . The event grossed $ 450,000 with 10,000 ticket sales and had a 0.67 buyrate . Following the event , Goldberg began a feud with Chris Jericho . At Bad Blood , Goldberg defeated Jericho via pinfall after a Jackhammer . Brock Lesnar began a storyline with The Big Show over the WWE Championship . At Judgment Day , Lesnar defeated The Big Show in a Stretcher match to retain the WWE Championship . Triple H engaged in a storyline with Kevin Nash over the World Heavyweight Championship . At Judgment Day , Nash defeated Triple H via disqualification ; due to WWE regulations , Triple H retained the championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9efa612f2a90752e49b0510033445eaa", "text": "You Can't See Me You Ca n't See Me is the debut studio album by WWE 's wrestler John Cena and his cousin , Tha Trademarc , billed together as John Cena & Tha Trademarc . It was released on May 10 , 2005 , by WWE Music Group and Columbia Records . The album features sole guest appearances from Esoteric and Bumpy Knuckles , who featured on several songs throughout the album . The album production was handled by James McEwan and Todd Spadafore , with the duo serving as the executive producers on the album . The album 's cover art is based on Cena 's customized WWE Championship belt , while the title comes from his popular catchphrase coined on WWE television . The album debuted at number 15 on the Billboard 200 charts , with over 40,000 copies sold in the first week of its release . In the United Kingdom , the album peaked at number 103 on the UK Albums Chart , and has since became a certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , selling 1,346,000 units , as of October 8 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e09072ca2ef5af52310d0abbe0bfa38", "text": "Take No Prisoners (2008) Take No Prisoners ( 2008 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor ( ROH ) . It took place on March 16 , 2008 from the Pennsylvania National Guard Armory in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "233a39873f0059b092eaf3b595594ddd", "text": "Royal Rumble (1991) Royal Rumble ( 1991 ) was the fourth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on January 19 , 1991 , at the Miami Arena in Miami , Florida . The main event was the 1991 Royal Rumble match won by Hulk Hogan , who last eliminated Earthquake to win the match . Featured matches on the undercard were The Ultimate Warrior versus Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship , Ted DiBiase and Virgil versus Dusty Rhodes and Dustin Rhodes and The Mountie versus Koko B. Ware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5994de108ef589cb6386dbdcfe726f", "text": "CMLL Universal Championship (2009) The CMLL Universal Championship 2009 ( Campeonato Universal in Spanish ) was a professional wrestling annual tournament produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) that took place over three CMLL Super Viernes shows between June 5 , 2009 and June 19 , 2009 in Arena México , Mexico City , Mexico . The CMLL Universal Championship is an annual tournament of CMLL Champions that was first held in 2009 . All officially recognized male CMLL Champions participated in a 15-match single elimination tournament . In the final CMLL World Heavyweight Champion Último Guerrero defeated NWA World Light Heavyweight Champion El Texano Jr. to become the first CMLL Universal Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "174ad359f3f153cccf0b498b918201ee", "text": "Royal Rumble (2014) Royal Rumble ( 2014 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE and presented by Jackson Hewitt which took place on January 26 , 2014 at the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It was the twenty-seventh annual Royal Rumble , the first to be held in the city of Pittsburgh and the first WWE pay-per-view in 2014 . The event featured four professional wrestling matches and one pre-show match , two of which were for championships . The main event was the Royal Rumble match , a battle royal in which wrestlers enter the ring at regular intervals . Batista won by last eliminating Roman Reigns to become a two-time Royal Rumble winner . Elsewhere on the event 's card , Randy Orton successfully defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship against John Cena , Bray Wyatt defeated Daniel Bryan , and Brock Lesnar defeated Big Show . On the event 's pre-show , The New Age Outlaws defeated Goldust and Cody Rhodes to become the new WWE Tag Team Champions . The event is known for the overwhelmingly negative crowd response during the Orton-Cena title match , as well as towards the end of ( and after ) the Royal Rumble match , when the fans booed the Rumble winner Batista and repeatedly chanted for Daniel Bryan ( who had competed earlier in the night and was not involved in the main event ) . Fans worldwide ( including retired wrestler Mick Foley ) voiced their displeasure over social media , and the event was covered by many major news outlets as one of the worst Royal Rumble pay-per-views . However , the bout between Daniel Bryan and Bray Wyatt was highly praised by fans and critics . The event also marked the final wrestling appearance of CM Punk , who walked out on WWE the next day despite still being under contract and subsequently signed a contract to compete in the UFC . The event received 467,000 buys , down 8.8 % from the 512,000 buys for the previous year 's event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b153d80e57576a0d86abc4726e099857", "text": "2008 M-1 Challenge season The 2008 M-1 Challenge season was the first season of mixed martial arts ( MMA ) fighting presented by the M-1 Global promotion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d758c895155587a9248001ae60004b97", "text": "TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2010) TLC : Tables , Ladders & Chairs ( 2010 ) was the second annual TLC : Tables , Ladders & Chairs professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by THQ 's WWE SmackDown vs Raw 2011 and took place on December 19 , 2010 , at the Toyota Center in Houston , Texas . Seven matches were contested at the event . In the main event , John Cena defeated Wade Barrett in a Chairs match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297aac4c94e3ea9d138d81c631726618", "text": "No Mercy (2007) No Mercy ( 2007 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on October 7 , 2007 , at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont , Illinois . It was the 10th annual No Mercy event and involved wrestlers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Nine professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event 's supercard . In the main event matches , Randy Orton defeated WWE Champion Triple H in a Last Man Standing match , and World Heavyweight Champion Batista defeated challenger The Great Khali in a Punjabi Prison match . Also on the undercard , WWE Champion Triple H defeated Umaga to retain his title and Finlay and Rey Mysterio fought to a no contest . The 2007 No Mercy event had an approximate attendance of 12,500 and received approximately 271,000 pay-per-view buys . This event helped WWE obtain a pay-per-view revenue of $ 19.9 million . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of nineteenth on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b2ad6ec1ef27369b2a8fcd3a169015b", "text": "Elimination Chamber (2014) Elimination Chamber ( 2014 ) ( known as No Escape ( 2014 ) in GermanyFor Germany , it was feared that the name `` Elimination Chamber '' may remind people of the gas chambers used during the Holocaust . ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . The fifth Elimination Chamber event took place on February 23 , 2014 , at the Target Center in Minneapolis . Eight matches , including the pre-show , took place at the event . In the Elimination Chamber match main event for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retained his title against John Cena , Daniel Bryan , Christian , Cesaro and Sheamus . The event had 183,000 buys , down from previous year 's 213,000 buys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea71a9f054e6fe55bed434a01bc5ba3f", "text": "The Great American Bash (2005) The Great American Bash ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was the second annual event and took place on July 24 , 2005 , at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York . The event featured wrestlers and other talent that performed on the SmackDown ! program . The main event was Batista defending the World Heavyweight Championship against John `` Bradshaw '' Layfield ( JBL ) . JBL won the match after Batista was disqualified , but did not win the title because a championship can only be won via pinfall or submission . One of the featured matches on the undercard was Rey Mysterio versus Eddie Guerrero , which Mysterio won by pinfall . The other was Orlando Jordan versus Chris Benoit for the WWE United States Championship , which Jordan won , also by pinfall . The event grossed over US$ 375,000 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,000 , and received about 233,000 pay-per-view buys , the same amount as the following year 's event . This enabled WWE 's pay-per-view revenue to increase by $ 4.7 million from the previous year . When the 2005 event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart . The event was also available free of charge for Armed Forces members and their families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d0422dc1dcadc515a5d37d8de845ad", "text": "2008 Daytona 500 The 2008 Daytona 500 was the 50th annual running of the event . It was held on February 17 , 2008 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach , Florida . The race was the 50th to be run since the first in 1959 , won by Lee Petty . To commemorate the event , the Harley J. Earl Trophy , which goes to the winner of the race , was plated in gold instead of silver . In addition , the winning car was placed on display for one year at the Daytona 500 Experience attraction just outside Turn Four . Ryan Newman won the race , his only win in the 2008 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73c5f0924a48df4871a53872ab91fccb", "text": "2008 in Elite Xtreme Combat The year 2008 is the 2nd year in the history of the Elite Xtreme Combat , a mixed martial arts promotion based in The United States . In 2008 Elite Xtreme Combat held 12 events beginning with , ShoXC : Elite Challenger Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd80b31f7e33b0593854500a8dad0b1e", "text": "ROH Honor Rumble The Honor Rumble is a periodically held battle royal promoted by the U.S. based professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor . This battle royal differs from a standard version of the match in that the contestants do not all begin in the ring at the same time , but instead enter the match at timed intervals in order of their assigned entry numbers ( comparable in style to WWE 's Royal Rumble match ) . Numbers are usually drawn through a lottery that is typically staged right before the event begins , although participants can also win desirable spots via a number of other means , the most common being winning a match . The match begins with the two wrestlers who have drawn entry numbers one and two , with the remaining wrestlers entering the ring at regular timed intervals ( usually 90 seconds or two minutes ) in the ascending order of their entry numbers . The winner of the Honor Rumble receives a chance to wrestle for the ROH World Championship . The first Honor Rumble took place on July 26 , 2008 at ROH New Horizons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb89dfbe79508ea40cecc383bcf4161", "text": "Armageddon (2006) Armageddon ( 2006 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Activision 's Call of Duty 3 , which took place on December 17 , 2006 , at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond , Virginia . The event starred wrestlers from the SmackDown ! brand . The main event was a tag team match , in which the team of Batista and John Cena defeated the team of King Booker and Finlay . Two featured bouts were scheduled on the undercard , including The Undertaker versus Mr. Kennedy , in a match where the objective was to place an opponent in a hearse located on the entrance stage and drive them out of the arena , which Undertaker won . The other match was an Inferno match featuring wrestlers attempting to set the opponent on fire with flames surrounding the ring . Kane defeated Montel Vontavious Porter . The event grossed over $ 423,500 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,200 . Canadian Online Explorer 's professional wrestling section rated the WWE Tag Team Championship match a nine out of ten stars , the highest match rating . The event was released on DVD on January 16 , 2007 by Sony Music Entertainment . The DVD reached second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart for recreational sports during the week of February 18 , 2007 , and it dropped to the tenth spot the following week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8184a2637c5ae5041c16f7b13a7b09c1", "text": "WrestleMania 23 WrestleMania 23 was the twenty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by 360 OTC and took place on April 1 , 2007 , at Ford Field in Detroit , Michigan . The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area ( following WrestleMania III , at the Pontiac Silverdome , in Pontiac , Michigan ) . The event was a joint-brand pay-per-view , featuring performers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event 's supercard , a scheduling of more than one main event . The main match on the Raw brand was John Cena versus Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship , in which Cena won . The predominant match on the SmackDown ! brand was Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which The Undertaker was victorious . The primary match on the ECW brand was an eight-man tag team match between The ECW Originals and The New Breed ; The ECW Originals claimed victory in the match . Other featured matches on the card included ECW Champion Bobby Lashley ( representing Donald Trump ) versus Intercontinental Champion Umaga ( representing Vince McMahon ) in a match where either Trump or McMahon would be shaved bald if their wrestler lost , and an eight-man interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match . Tickets for the event went on sale on November 11 , 2006 . The all-time Ford Field attendance record of 80,103 consisted of people from all fifty U.S. states , twenty-four countries , and nine Canadian provinces . WrestleMania 23 grossed US$ 5.38 million in ticket sales , breaking the previous record of $ 3.9 million held at WrestleMania X8 . WWE estimated that $ 25 million was pumped into the Detroit economy . With about 1.2 million buys , the event was the highest WWE pay-per-view buyrate in history . WrestleMania XXVIII in 2012 passed 1.2 million buys with 1.21 million buys . It also has the fourth highest attendance in WrestleMania history behind only WrestleMania III and later WrestleMania 29 , and WrestleMania 32 which drew 80,676 fans in 2013 and 101,763 in 2016 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60565e6355af676d2b91f765d9d51d10", "text": "Respect is Earned II Respect Is Earned II was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor . It took place on June 7 , 2008 from the Pennsylvania National Guard Armory in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It did not , however , air on pay-per-view until August 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b27195d5f7ca6f1ccc1d7be0757d3", "text": "EliteXC: Primetime EliteXC : Primetime was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Elite Xtreme Combat taking place on May 31 , 2008 at the Prudential Center in Newark , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "554d414deb4760bc7271118d37e0107d", "text": "Cena (disambiguation) Cena is an ancient Roman meal . Cena may also refer to : John Cena , an American professional wrestler Cena River , a river in Latvia Cena , Ozolnieki municipality , a village in Latvia The Spanish and Italian word for dinner", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "177bb18c7f02cf1fd38b1ca75a1e6783", "text": "The Weeknd The Weeknd ( born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 ) is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 . The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States . The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 . He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8ad06dabbccb97f34c9bdd8d493521c3", "text": "Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces is the fourth studio album by South African Post-grunge/Alternative metal band Seether . The album was released in South Africa and Switzerland on 19 October 2007 , and released worldwide on 23 October 2007 . The cover artwork was designed by David Ho , the same artist who designed the Vicious Delicious cover for Infected Mushroom . The covers apparently display the same character : Candice the Ghost . Three singles , `` Fake It '' , `` Rise Above This '' and `` Breakdown '' have been released from the album with all three being top 10 singles , the former two reaching the top position on several Billboard charts , despite generally negative reviews from critics , scoring a 39 out of 100 on Metacritic . The album was reissued in 2009 , featuring a fourth single , a cover of George Michael 's `` Careless Whisper '' , as the final single from the album . It is the first Seether album to reach gold status in their home country , South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "619287a8de8f639842f9b096318a07c7", "text": "I See You (The xx album) I See You is the third studio album by English indie pop band the xx . It was released worldwide on 13 January 2017 through the Young Turks label . It is the follow-up to Coexist , and is their first release in more than four years . The band announced the album while announcing frequent collaborator Rodaidh McDonald for its production and reportedly working on it in May 2014 . Group member Jamie Smith released his solo debut In Colour in May 2015 and reflected that it would influence the sound and aesthetic of I See You . The xx has stated that the record has a more distinctive sound and a more positive , open and `` expansive '' concept than the previous two albums . The lead single , `` On Hold '' , was released on 12 November 2016 . I See You received widespread acclaim from critics and became the band 's second number-one album in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c004f08a6ab592fc358eb21382dd9362", "text": "37 Everywhere 37 Everywhere is Punchline 's second full-length album on Fueled by Ramen Records . It reached a peak of # 37 on the Billboard Heatseekers albums chart on April 29 , 2006 . It was produced by Shep Goodman and Kenny Gioia and continues to bring the brand of energetic pop punk that fans had come to expect from Punchline , yet often takes a turn towards alternative rock or unexpected styles . There is a much heavier use of falsetto on the album , by both Steve Soboslai ( guitar ) and Greg Wood ( guitar ) , and somewhat less of Punchline 's unconventional use of harmony , though the `` way they twist their voices mid-word , and adopt a unique sound '' remains at large . Subject matter tends to be less obviously positive than their previous album , following the departure of Paul Menotiades , but self-assured lyrics in songs such as `` Green Light '' , `` They Are Strong Hands '' and `` Exactly '' are the antithesis to the dark and often violent lyrics of some of Punchline 's peers . The album contains a number of references to Menotiades , although the band insists that the third track , `` The Getaway '' , is not one of these . As lead vocalist and lyricist , Soboslai shares vocals with both Wood and Chris Fafalios ( bass guitar ) on 37 Everywhere . The name of the album comes from Soboslai and Fafalios 's growing fascination with the number 37 , and the liner notes advise that `` The number 37 is everywhere . It is in your daily routine and it will surprise you . Look for it and it will look for you . '' The album is dedicated to the life and times of John ` Beatz ' Holohan ( 1974 -- 2005 ) of the New York band Bayside , and the song `` They Are Strong Hands '' contains a shout out to the late drummer , `` Ai n't nobody gon na bring me down , 'cause my boy John Beatz got my back . '' The title of the song is a reference to the track `` They Looked Like Strong Hands '' on Bayside 's 2005 album Bayside , which features guest vocals from Punchline 's Steve Soboslai . 37 Everywhere has guest vocals from Anthony Raneri , the lead vocalist of Bayside on `` Flashlight '' , vocals from John Johansen of the defunct Stryder on `` Caller 10 '' , Ryan Mendez of Yellowcard and Staring Back playing guitar on the track `` Do n't Try This at Home '' , and Josh Bonner of the defunct Unsung Zeroes on `` Wars Will Always Happen '' . Punchline headlined the `` 37 Everywhere Tour '' in spring 2006 to promote the album , with label mates Cute Is What We Aim For and the bands Valencia , New Atlantic and The Audition as opening acts . The band made a video with the director Jonathan London ( Houston Calls , Reggie and the Full Effect ) for the song `` Do n't Try This At Home '' . The album art was designed by the artist Jason Sho Green and is commonly noted for its similarities to The Shins ' album art for Chutes Too Narrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a077daa1ec07ab6c7ecedf5f81bba2bf", "text": "Gives You Hell `` Gives You Hell '' is a song by American rock band The All-American Rejects , released as the lead single from their third studio album When the World Comes Down on September 30 , 2008 . The song is The All-American Rejects ' most successful song to date , receiving positive reviews and topping the Billboard 's Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Top 40 charts as well as peaking at # 4 on the Hot 100 chart . It was certified RIAA 4x Platinum for 4 million shipments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f9fb9432dc9ff79d4ba6a28d0fa985d", "text": "Berlin Trilogy The Berlin Trilogy consists of three consecutively released studio albums by English singer and songwriter David Bowie : Low ( 1977 ) , `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) . The albums were recorded after Bowie took up residence in West Berlin in late 1976 , and saw him experiment with elements of electronic , krautrock , ambient , and world music in collaboration with American producer Tony Visconti and English musician Brian Eno . Bowie began referring to the three albums as a Berlin-centered trilogy during the promotion of Lodger , although `` Heroes '' was the only installment primarily recorded in the city . Each album reached the UK top five . Bowie would later call the music of the trilogy his `` DNA '' . Consequence of Sound characterized the trilogy as an `` art rock trifecta '' , while Rolling Stone wrote that '' ' -LSB- the -RSB- ` Berlin Trilogy ' stands as some of the most innovative music in the artist 's influential canon '' . According to Robert Christgau , `` the true beginnings of illbient and chillout techno '' lay in the `` second side '' of each album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee8a908c8ffd97f646e54da93b8d2d6", "text": "Soldier of Love (album) Soldier of Love is the sixth studio album by English band Sade , released on 5 February 2010 by Epic Records . Following the release of Lovers Rock ( 2000 ) , the band went into a 10-year hiatus . In 2008 , the band re-grouped in order to begin work on their sixth album , making it the first time each member had been together . The recording of the album primarily took place at the Real World Studios in Box , England , with additional sessions at El Cortijo in San Pedro de Alcántara , Spain . The album 's recording began in 2009 and was completed in the summer of that year . The first single `` Soldier of Love '' premiered on US radio on 8 December 2009 , and was released digitally on 11 January 2010 . Subsequent singles `` Babyfather '' and `` The Moon and the Sky '' were serviced to US urban AC radio on 13 April and 24 August 2010 , respectively . The album debuted at number four on the UK Albums Chart . It also debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 502,000 copies in the United States , marking Sade 's first number-one debut on the chart while also spending three weeks at the top of the chart . Upon its release , Soldier of Love received generally positive reviews from most music critics and won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . The band promoted the album with their first concert tour in ten years , Sade Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412fb7fa4169a15b8afc79a6b544502d", "text": "Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos . Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland . The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single . In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82973899ff7126e2351fcb4275d4f83f", "text": "FYO (EP) FYO ( an acronym for Fuck Your Opinion ) is the debut extended play ( EP ) by English rapper Avelino . It was produced in its entirety by Raf Riley , and released for free download through OddChild Music , on 7 April 2016 . The project was also released onto the iTunes Store on 11 April 2016 , accompanied by two bonus tracks . It spawned one single ; `` Welcome to the Future '' , which premiered on 31 March 2016 , a week before the rest of the project . The project has received considerable support from BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra ; `` Youniverse '' has been played by MistaJam , and the title track has been played by Annie Mac , DJ Target and Charlie Sloth . The project also topped Semtex 's Mixtape Top 5 chart , and `` Welcome to the Future '' and `` Rich Soul '' both received airplay on his 1Xtra show . Numerous songs from the project also received airplay on Manny Norte 's Capital XTRA show , and Mally 's Reprezent show . `` FYO '' was added to the Reprezent B-list playlist . `` FYO '' was released as the project 's second single , with a video released to YouTube on 14 April 2016 . The track 's production was praised by Grant Brydon of RWD as being `` beautifully jarring '' , and by FACT as being `` ribcage-quakingly bassy '' . Avelino told FACT that the video was `` minimal -LSB- ... -RSB- in a sense of one location , one setting , one room '' , as this allows listeners to `` focus on what -LSB- he 's -RSB- really saying on the record . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41db9203a48b9014d1748d46a93184a", "text": "Rudimental discography English drum and bass band Rudimental has released two studio albums and fourteen singles . Their debut studio album , Home , was released in April 2013 . The album reached number one on the UK Albums Chart . On 14 May 2012 , they released `` Feel the Love '' , featuring vocals from John Newman , as the album 's lead single . The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number one , making it their first number one single in the UK . The song also was a top 5 hit in Australia , Belgium , The Netherlands and New Zealand , also charting in Austria , Denmark , Germany and Ireland . On 18 November 2012 , they released the album 's second single `` Not Giving In '' , featuring vocals from Newman and Alex Clare . It debuted and peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart . `` Waiting All Night '' , featuring Ella Eyre , was released as the third single from the album in 2013 , reaching number one in the UK Singles Chart on 21 April 2013 . The next single released was `` Powerless '' , featuring Becky Hill . Their second studio album , We the Generation , was released on 2 October 2015 . Rudimental were given a writing credit on `` Bloodstream '' by Ed Sheeran , taken from his second studio album , x. On 28 April 2015 , the band unveiled a new song called `` Never Let You Go '' , which was the lead single from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "220c09a464deb3f5674c819fa7a1a577", "text": "Pretty Hate Machine Pretty Hate Machine is the debut studio album by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , released on October 20 , 1989 by TVT Records in the United States , Island Records in Europe and by Interscope Records and Atlantic Records internationally . The album is compiled of reworked tracks from the band 's Purest Feeling demo , as well as songs composed after its original recording . Although it was critically and commercially successful ( especially for an independent label ) , Trent Reznor ( Nine Inch Nails ' only constant band member ) feuded with TVT Records during the album 's promotion . Slant Magazine placed the album at number 50 on its list of the `` Best Albums of the 1980s '' , commenting , `` before attempting suicide in The Downward Spiral and living with the wrist scars in The Fragile , Pretty Hate Machine sent out sleek , danceable warning shots '' . Three singles were released from the album , the most successful being its opening track `` Head Like a Hole '' , which has become a staple of Nine Inch Nails live performances . Pretty Hate Machine became one of the first independently released albums to attain a platinum certification , with the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certifying the album triple platinum on May 12 , 2003 , indicating sales surpassing three million copies in the United States . The album went out of print in 1997 because of the much publicized disagreement between Reznor and TVT . Rykodisc re-released the album worldwide in 2005 , effectively putting it back into print . A remastered version with updated artwork was released on November 22 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1a0192df5037093557b1d59585adff", "text": "Third Hawkins Born Maurice Hawkins , Third Hawkins is a recognized music producer in and out of the DMV area including his hometown of Baltimore , Maryland . He has been producing music for over 10 years and was formally in the r & b group JONDOE . His group was signed to a demo deal with Universal Music Group during the late 90 's but an album never formed . After performing on the Apollo Theater the group decided to disband and Third Hawkins began his production career . Buying music equipment piece by piece he started working with local artist including a young group which he helped formed . After working with several local artist Third began writing for different singers and became one of Baltimore and Dc 's most unknown talent . He started Ghostwriting for artist because he did not want the notoriety that comes with fame . QUOTE : `` My goal is to become the best multi-genre African American male author of the future . '' Third Hawkins hits the scene with the pure gifted talent of story telling in a way that captivates each reader as if they were a part of the story twisting Urban Literature writing in a way that has never been done . . QUOTE : `` I have done so many things in my life that has made me become the man I am today . Some good and some bad but none of them do I regret . '' Third Hawkins began his journey in the music business in an R&B group called JONDOE of which they were signed to a major record label but never produced a full album . It was then when he focused his talent for writing songs and developing them into musical love stories that he began his curiosity for the literary arts . Although writing is what he loved to do music was always his passion . Producing tracks for local and other music artist . Performing at the legendary Apollo theater and other venues are what inspired him to become a better artist . Between work and relationships the music in his life dwindled and the love he once had left after years of R&B changed in the musical domain . He began to write short stories just for fun and one day while on the subway train . Using nothing but his data phone began texting his first book , `` My Only Syn '' . After writing the book and seeing how new found friends that were writers were screwed over by several publishing companies Third started his own publishing company , 3rdHawkins Publishing and began to write the self acclaimed drama `` Wake Me When It 's Over '' based on the life of a strong man trying to survive living with depression . `` I look at urban novels as the future of literary art because of the fact that it 's as real as you can get in telling a story . Hip Hop was once looked at as a genre in music that would never last and now the stories that they tell have influenced all genres of music from rock to country . Every one has some sort of story to tell and some stories may help even if it 's just one person who will read my book and can relate : I am satisfied and feel I have done my job as an author . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6beae9c71037723412d8d11912dee9", "text": "After the Third Pin After The Third Pin ( stylized as After The Thi3d Pin ) is the third studio album from the British industrial music/hard rock band Sunna . The album was released on 3 October 2011 in the United States and the United Kingdom on an independent label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258db7c673adb9154bc220c4c5b23916", "text": "Jonas L.A. (soundtrack) Jonas L.A. is the third soundtrack by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers and their only soundtrack for Jonas L.A. '' . It was released on July 20 , 2010 to positive reviews and debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 . It has sold 132,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3facbe3889358a50169daa89645777cb", "text": "Full Moon (Brandy album) Full Moon is the third studio album by American R&B recording artist Brandy . It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5 , 2002 . The album was recorded primarily during the summer and fall of 2001 at The Hit Factory in Miami , amid a three-year musical hiatus following the success of her multi-platinum previous studio album Never Say Never ( 1998 ) and the finale of her highly successful television sitcom Moesha in May 2001 . As with Never Say Never , Brandy collaborated with producer Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild production and songwriting team on the majority of the album 's composition , while additional work from Mike City , Warryn Campbell , and Keith Crouch was contributed . Brandy credited Whitney Houston , Kim Burrell and Enya for inspiring her to push the limits of her voice and vocal arrangements . With Brandy in a relationship with one of the album 's primary musicians , its lyrical concepts centered on both sensual and frustrated feelings toward a lover . Jerkins credited Michael Jackson , Brandy 's voice , and his experiences at European nightclubs for influencing the sound of the album . Lyrically , the album speaks on love in all its forms . Musically , Full Moon drew inspiration from UK garage , electro , dance , glitch , and funktronica , while blending soul and R&B elements into adult contemporary ballads . At the time of its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , but has since earned retrospective acclaim and recognition from musicians , singers , and producers , primarily for Brandy 's vocal work . The album became Norwood 's highest-charting album , as well as garnering two Grammy Award nominations including Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony . Full Moon debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , and at number two on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 156,000 copies in its first week of release , and has been certified platinum by the RIAA . The album spawned three singles -- `` What About Us ? '' , `` Full Moon `` and `` He Is '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33bc9944ade1896b011265cf0de178d3", "text": "Third (Cait Brennan album) Third is the second full-length album by Cait Brennan , released by Omnivore on April 21 , 2017 . The follow-up to 2016 's critically lauded Debutante , Third was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis , TN , in the same studio and on much of the same recording gear as Big Star used during its Ardent heyday . The album was co-produced and performed entirely by Brennan and Fernando Perdomo , a producer and rock artist who also co-produced Linda Perhacs ' widely acclaimed 2014 album The Soul of All Natural Things for Asthmatic Kitty records . Perdomo and Brennan met as fellow artists on the International Pop Overthrow festival in 2012 , and quickly became friends ; Brennan appears in Perdomo 's `` Smile '' music video , and Perdomo has played in Brennan 's touring band . The duo produced Brennan 's 2016 debut , as well as an unreleased second album and a set of demos for Sire Records founder Seymour Stein before ultimately signing with Omnivore Recordings in January 2017 . During the recording of Brennan 's Sire Records demo sessions , Brennan and Perdomo attended a Grammy Museum presentation celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Ardent Studios . At the event , Brennan and Perdomo encountered Big Star drummer and Ardent president Jody Stephens , who invited the pair to record their third album at Ardent in Memphis . When the Sire deal did not materialize , the duo traveled to Memphis and recorded 13 songs in three days , with Brennan and Perdomo producing and playing all the instruments , and Ardent 's Adam Hill engineering the sessions . During the sessions , the pair used many of the same instruments and amplifiers used by Big Star during their heyday , including Alex Chilton 's Hi-Watt amps , Mellotron and Chris Bell 's cherry red Gibson guitar . As with Brennan 's debut album Debutante , Brennan and Perdomo played all of the instruments , with the exception of two guest appearances by longtime Memphis power pop legend Van Duren and former Continental Drifters guitarist Robert Mache . The album was mastered by Grammy-winning audio engineer Michael Graves ; Cheryl Pawelski of Omnivore Recordings , who had a long history working with Ardent and Big Star , signed Brennan to Omnivore in January 2017 , slating Brennan 's Third for an April 2017 release to coincide with Record Store Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d2f53dbb1471895f18454db6df9e290", "text": "Tattoos (album) Tattoos is the third studio album by American singer Jason Derulo . The album was released on September 20 , 2013 through Beluga Heights Records and Atlantic Records and its affiliated record labels . Incorporating a base core of R&B , pop and electronic dance music , Derulo wanted the album to be `` totally different '' from his previous albums and show the growth in his writing and his overall performance saying `` there are so many twists and turns on the album ... It 's important when someone thinks they 've figured you out to flip them '' . A deluxe edition of the album featuring 3 bonus tracks , was released simultaneously alongside the eleven-track standard edition , which will only be made available in some European and Oceania countries . Derulo co-wrote every song on the album , also its production was handled by RedOne , Ricky Reed , DJ Frank E , Jonas Jeberg and Martin Johnson as well as others , to handle production for the album . This was the first album not to feature production from J.R. Rotem , who previously produced every song on Derulo 's debut album and three songs on his second album , Future History . In total Derulo had written over 300 songs and recorded between 100 and 120 songs for the album over a one-year period . Amongst those included are collaborations with rappers 2 Chainz , The Game and Pitbull , in addition to his longtime girlfriend Jordin Sparks who features on a song called `` Vertigo '' . Occasionally the album dips into other genres such adult contemporary and soul music . Tattoos was promoted with live renditions of the album 's songs during The Tattoos World Tour . The album was also preceded by the release of the lead single , a Joshua `` Ammo '' Coleman and Martin Johnson production called `` The Other Side '' , which peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . A second single , `` Talk Dirty '' , featuring American rapper 2 Chainz , was released on August 2 , 2013 , it has since topped the charts in the United Kingdom and 13 other countries . Follow-up singles `` Marry Me '' was released a month before the album and reached the top-ten in Australia and top-twenty in New Zealand , whilst `` Trumpets '' was released in November 2013 , peaking at number one in Australia and on the UK R&B Chart . `` Stupid Love '' was released on March 24 , 2014 , as the fifth overall single and is currently impacting charts . Upon its release , the album received generally mixed reviews from music critics , some noting that the album helped Derulo bring out his more `` sensitive side '' compared to previous his work . Tattoos debuted at number five on the Australian Albums Chart and the UK Albums Chart , where it became his highest-charting album in that country . Only a five track extended play under the same title , was released in the United States , while the full length repackaged version of the album was released on April 15 , 2014 under the new title , Talk Dirty . During that same week , a special edition of Tattoos was released in the UK and Australia , featuring all of the newly recorded material from Talk Dirty in addition to the original album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "177bb18c7f02cf1fd38b1ca75a1e6783", "text": "The Weeknd The Weeknd ( born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 ) is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 . The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States . The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 . He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16b386e01b90166a3a7d27acf9142fea", "text": "Detroit Metal City is a vulgar comedy manga series by Kiminori Wakasugi , serialized in Young Animal from 2005 to 2010 . An anime OVA series , twelve episodes of approximately 13 minutes each , was released starting on August 8 , 2008 . A live film adaptation directed by Toshio Lee appeared in Japanese theaters on August 23 , 2008 . The series takes its name from the KISS single `` Detroit Rock City '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4888555b1f80dded574cd9a4ea607acc", "text": "Call parking Call park is a feature of some telephone systems that allows a person to put a call on hold at one telephone set and continue the conversation from any other telephone set . The `` call park '' feature is activated by pressing a preprogrammed button ( usually labelled `` Call Park '' ) or a special sequence of buttons . This transfers the current telephone conversation to an unused extension number and immediately puts the conversation on hold . ( This is called parking the call ; and the call is said to have parked onto a certain extension . Essentially , call parking temporarily assigns an extension number to an incoming call . ) The telephone system will then display the extension number of the parked call so that the call can later be retrieved . At this point , the telephone system will often provide an option for the person to make an announcement through a public address system ( often consisting of some or all of the telephone sets and or overhead paging speakers controlled by the telephone system ) . Making such announcements in such a way is referred to as paging . To access the paging system , the user must enter the paging access code or press the `` page '' button on the telephone , and announce the call parked extension . An example would be at a grocery store where the bakery has a call parked . The user would say `` Bakery you have a call parked on 627 '' and the bakery department would then dial 627 to access the call on hold . A set time is then provided for any person to retrieve the call by dialing the extension number of the parked call on any telephone set . If no one picks up the parked call within the set time , the telephone system may ring back the parked call . This transfers the parked call back to the person who originally parked the call .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fac97d05e510de8821434f9ca6eb3c4", "text": "Never Enough (Kiss song) `` Never Enough '' is a song by the American hard rock band Kiss . It was released on their 19th album Sonic Boom in 2009 . It was released as a single on June 11 , 2010 . The song is the last single released from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf0450049f989bf8b0ca8092d0f1590", "text": "Kiss the Radio Hongki 's Kiss the Radio , popularly known as Hongkira , is a popular radio program broadcast on KBS Cool FM , airing from 22:10 to 00:00 KST every day . The host ( from October 17 , 2016 ) is Lee Hongki from the Korean rock band FTISLAND . Kiss the Radio was previously hosted by Super Junior ( from 2006-2016 ) as Super Junior 's Kiss the Radio , formerly known as Sukira . The program became famous for its comedy radio format ( similar to Shindong 's Shimshimtapa , a Korean radio program of MBC 900AM ) . On August 21 , 2016 , the guys of Super Junior celebrated ten years of hosting their KBS radio show `` Kiss the Radio '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "587c3c90776bec311e546015276d0a06", "text": "Cars Land Cars Land is a themed area of Disney California Adventure , inspired by the 2006 Disney · Pixar film , Cars . The 12 acre area , built as part of Disney California Adventure Park 's $ 1.1 billion expansion project , opened on June 15 , 2012 . It contains three rides as well as shops and restaurants , all situated in a replica of Radiator Springs , the fictional town in which most of the film 's events take place . The area 's main attraction is Radiator Springs Racers , a racing ride that uses the technology of Epcot 's Test Track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b48fa89ce842c0d16741725747115b", "text": "Kiss & Love `` Kiss & Love '' is a 2014 charity song and a single with lyrics by Lionel Florence and music by Pascal Obispo . Around 120 artists from France and other French-speaking countries took part in the song and the music videos . All revenues from the sale of the record go into Sidaction , a major French public event that started in 1994 in France for raising awareness and collecting charitable funds for AIDS . It donates important sums to various AIDS charities , HIV/AIDS research , institutions specializing in medical care and social aid for those suffering of HIV/AIDS in France and internationally . The 2014 Sidaction project was under the direction of Pascal Obispo , being the 20th anniversary of the Sidaction association that was established in 1994 . The title track `` Kiss & Love '' is the only original song arranged by Brice Davoli with artistic contributions by Alain Souchon , Julien Clerc , Jean-Jacques Goldman , Francis Cabrel et Françoise Hardy and others . The other twenty tracks in the same-titled album are interpreted by various French-language artists in duos , trios etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1829ebb7065566cfad3dbcdda7819e", "text": "Kiss Me thru the Phone `` Kiss Me thru the Phone '' is a song from hip hop artist Soulja Boy Tellem released as the second single from his 2008 album iSouljaBoyTellem . It was the best-selling single from the album , reaching # 3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , # 1 on the U.S. Rap Charts , the top ten in the United Kingdom , in Canada , on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100 , and in New Zealand . R&B singer Chris Brown was Soulja Boy 's first choice to sing the hook , but turned down the offer . Soulja Boy Tell 'em then tried to sing it on his own with Auto-Tune but found it `` garbage '' . `` Kiss Me thru The Phone '' was 2009 's eighth best selling single with over 5.7 million copies sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4dfe303ed09f3482074d2a00d1f6bde", "text": "Muntz Car Company The Muntz Car Company was established in 1950 , in Glendale , California , by Earl `` Madman '' Muntz , a well known local used car dealer and electronics retailer . It closed in 1954 . Muntz was assisted by Frank Kurtis , who had earlier attempted to produce a sports car under the Kurtis Kraft marque ( the Kurtis Kraft Sport , which sold just 36 units by 1950 ) . In 1951 , Kurtis sold the license to manufacture the cars to Muntz , who rebadged them as the `` Muntz Jet '' , extended the body to make it a 4-seater , and exchanged the Ford engine with a larger Cadillac V8 . Later , this engine would be replaced with a less expensive Lincoln side-valve V8 . The car , a sports coupe , was first built in Glendale , but manufacture soon moved to a new factory in Evanston , Illinois . It featured its own unique design , with aluminum body panels and a removable fiberglass top that were manufactured in-house . Other parts ( such as the engines ) were sourced from other manufacturers . It was capable of 112 mph , a significant achievement for a road car at the time . It was featured on the cover of the September 1951 issue of Popular Science ( with a Jaguar and an MG ) . The company managed to build and sell only about 400 cars during 1951-1954 , and due to the high manufacturing cost , Muntz himself estimated that his company lost about $ 1,000 on each car ; this eventually caused him to close the company . Muntz Jets today are rare and valuable collector pieces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045b25a521e4288440f31872d340b798", "text": "Kiss Rocks Vegas Kiss Rocks Vegas is a live album and DVD/Blu-ray Disc by the American hard rock band Kiss released on August 26 , 2016 . The album was recorded from November 5 -- 23 , 2014 during the band 's residency at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino ( Las Vegas ) during their 40th anniversary tour . Kiss Rocks Vegas was released in cinemas worldwide on May 25 , 2016 , and later released on pay-per-view on June 14 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "036c79e6de72e9d9a217e1c3f6ee46a7", "text": "The Cars (album) The Cars is the debut studio album by the American new wave band the Cars . It was released on June 6 , 1978 on Elektra Records . The album , which featured the three charting singles `` Just What I Needed , '' `` My Best Friend 's Girl , '' and `` Good Times Roll , '' as well as several album-oriented rock radio hits , was a major success for the band , remaining on the charts for 139 weeks . It has been recognized as one of the band 's best albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9144443a9d7f7c950d07ab170d4399ca", "text": "Beth (song) `` Beth '' is a ballad by Kiss , originally released on their 1976 album , Destroyer . To date , it is their highest-charting single in the US , reaching # 7 on Billboard 's Hot 100 chart . It is one of only two gold selling singles for the band ( the other being 1979 's `` I Was Made for Lovin ' You '' ) , and their first of two Top Ten singles ( along with 1990 's `` Forever '' , # 8 ) in the US . Beth was named # 3 in VH1 's 25 Greatest Power Ballads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2604fd6e18f0868440a1f87a4692f278", "text": "Lexington Queen Lexington Queen was a nightclub in Roppongi , Tokyo . The current name of the establishment was changed to The ` New Lex Edo ' , but it was often simply referred to by ` Lex ' . Located underground near Roppongi Crossing , the club is a well-known and favourite hangout for models and celebrities on the rise . Opened in 1980 , it is reputed to be a popular club amongst visiting celebrities , with past patrons including Gwen Stefani , Elton John , and Jude Law . Despite its popularity , `` Lex '' was shut down between 2006 and 2007 . There were many rumors that the Yakuza were behind Lex 's closing , although upon its 2007 re-opening and subsequent name change , it was evident the club had shut for remodeling . There is a passing reference to the Lexington Queen in the song `` Bought for a Song '' by American music group Fountains of Wayne and also in Kiss 's 2015 single `` Samurai Son '' The Big Audio Dynamite song `` Sony '' cites the club . It is also directly referenced in the Ryuichi Sakamoto song `` Lexington Queen outside '' from his 1980 single `` War Head/Lexington Queen '' . In 2015 , the club moved to a new location a few streets away and changed its name to `` LEX TOKYO RED CARPET ( NEW LEX ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc31c0e1dc1df7e264d8de165ca3e2d", "text": "Rose Royce Rose Royce is an American soul and R&B group . They are best known for several hit singles during the 1970s including `` Car Wash , '' `` I Wan na Get Next to You , '' `` I 'm Going Down '' , `` Wishing on a Star '' , and `` Love Do n't Live Here Anymore '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37e12debdbd027fc3a7abee28a97c38", "text": "Sedan (automobile) A sedan -LSB- sᵻˈdæn -RSB- ( American , Canadian , Australian , and New Zealand English ) or saloon ( British , Irish and Indian English ) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with A , B & C-pillars and principal volumes articulated in separate compartments for engine , passenger and cargo . The passenger compartment features two rows of seats and adequate passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers . The cargo compartment is typically in the rear , with the exception of some rear-engined models , such as the Renault Dauphine , Tatra T613 , Volkswagen Type 3 and Chevrolet Corvair . It is one of the most common car body styles . A battery electric liftback such as the Tesla Model S has no engine compartment , but a front cargo compartment and a rear compartment for cargo or optionally for additional passengers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01371b70ffff136e1670057678495ee", "text": "Volvo YCC The Volvo YCC ( `` Your Concept Car '' ) was a concept car made by Volvo Cars presented at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show , with the stated goal of meeting the particular needs of female drivers . In order to do so , Volvo assembled a design team entirely made up of women , around October 2001 . It was a major exercise in ergonomics from the perspective of a female driver . Those who were involved during the several stages of the project were : Maria Widell Christiansen , Eva-Lisa Andersson , Elna Holmberg , Maria Uggla , Camilla Palmertz , Cynthia Charwick , Anna Rosén , Lena Ekelund , and Tatiana Butovitsch Temm . On the outside the car looked , at first glance , like a mildly futuristic 4-seat coupé . On closer inspection one could see that there was no hood , that is , no access panel permitting access to the car 's engine . Engine maintenance required taking out the whole front end of the car body , preferably in some establishment with the required space and equipment . This was not supposed to happen often , as the engine was designed to need an oil change only after 50,000 km and to automatically send a radio message to a garage a short time before any required maintenance . Filling the windshield washer tank was done by a capless ball valve , right next to the capless gas tank ball valve . Volvo surveys had found ( among many other things ) that female drivers considered caps to be a major nuisance . The car featured run-flat tires , like those of wheeled armoured vehicles , in order to be able to drive all the way to a garage after a puncture and thus avoid having to change a tire by the side of the road . Entry into the car was by the means of two gull-wing doors on the sides . The concept was a 3-door , 4-seat coupe design . It also had an upwards opening hatchback door giving access to the trunk and cargo area . All 3 doors were motorized for a sensor-based `` keyless '' entry . Pressing on a single button on the keychain automatically opened the nearest door , making it easy for somebody holding bags of groceries or other sundries to get the things in the car without putting anything down . The interior was maximized for easy storage and good looks . All of the textile panels or textile parts such as the seat pads or the door sides could be removed easily to change the color schemes and vary textures . The headrests had indentations to accommodate pony tails . The shifting column and the hand brake were removed from the center console to give the front seat passengers easier access to the large storage compartments located within the dashboard . The rear seat could fold up , making it easy for the driver to get a fairly big item in the car without opening the hatchback . The bumpers and body cladding were made from tough , dent-resistant materials . The hybrid engine was economical and powerful . The five-cylinder engine produced 215 bhp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31f3904c4e03b686af60b741b7ca846", "text": "La La Land (Wax Fang album) La La Land is the second LP by the Louisville-based band Wax Fang . It was originally released on November 17 , 2007 by Do n't Panic Records . It was re-issued by Absolutely Kosher on May 11 , 2010 for vinyl . The songs Majestic and At Sea , both from this album , were featured on the 151st episode of American Dad ! entitled ' `` Lost In Space ' '' in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a72a6743d1d63b35f25a08cd1ab82e", "text": "A Place to Land (Dakota Moon album) A Place to Land is the second studio album released by the American R&B group Dakota Moon . It was released in 2002 on Elektra Records and it produced a chart single in `` Looking for a Place to Land '' , which reached # 30 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts and # 27 on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks charts . The track `` Getaway Car '' has been recorded by the country groups 4 Runner and The Jenkins , Christian singer Susan Ashton , and folk-rock duo Hall & Oates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "913588602f7776d2c2a3902bed21c569", "text": "This Kiss (Faith Hill song) `` This Kiss '' is a song written by Beth Nielsen Chapman , Robin Lerner and Annie Roboff , and recorded by American country music singer Faith Hill . It was released on March 10 , 1998 as the first single from her album , Faith . The song became a crossover single , reaching # 1 on the U.S. and Canadian country charts , in addition to reaching Top 10 on the US pop and Adult Contemporary charts , as well as Top Ten in Australia and Top 20 in the United Kingdom . `` This Kiss '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Grammy Award for Best Country Song , losing both to `` You 're Still the One '' by Canadian singer Shania Twain .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "794a9510f5d16ba9012be102fce707a3", "text": "Willie Nelson Willie Hugh Nelson ( born April 29 , 1933 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , author , poet , actor , and activist . The critical success of the album Shotgun Willie ( 1973 ) , combined with the critical and commercial success of Red Headed Stranger ( 1975 ) and Stardust ( 1978 ) , made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . He was one of the main figures of outlaw country , a subgenre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound . Nelson has acted in over 30 films , co-authored several books , and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana . Born during the Great Depression , and raised by his grandparents , Nelson wrote his first song at age seven and joined his first band at ten . During high school , he toured locally with the Bohemian Polka as their lead singer and guitar player . After graduating from high school in 1950 , he joined the Air Force but was later discharged due to back problems . After his return , Nelson attended Baylor University for two years but dropped out because he was succeeding in music . During this time , he worked as a disc jockey in Texas radio stations and a singer in honky-tonks . Nelson moved to Vancouver , Washington , where he wrote `` Family Bible '' and recorded the song `` Lumberjack '' in 1956 . In 1958 , he moved to Houston , Texas , after signing a contract with D Records . He sang at the Esquire Ballroom weekly and he worked as a disk jockey . During that time , he wrote songs that would become country standards , including `` Funny How Time Slips Away '' , `` Hello Walls '' , `` Pretty Paper '' , and `` Crazy '' . In 1960 he moved to Nashville , Tennessee , and later signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music which allowed him to join Ray Price 's band as a bassist . In 1962 , he recorded his first album , ... And Then I Wrote . Due to this success , Nelson signed in 1964 with RCA Victor and joined the Grand Ole Opry the following year . After mid-chart hits in the late 1960s and the early 1970s , Nelson retired in 1972 and moved to Austin , Texas . The ongoing music scene of Austin motivated Nelson to return from retirement , performing frequently at the Armadillo World Headquarters . In 1973 , after signing with Atlantic Records , Nelson turned to outlaw country , including albums such as Shotgun Willie and Phases and Stages . In 1975 , he switched to Columbia Records , where he recorded the critically acclaimed album Red Headed Stranger . The same year , he recorded another outlaw country album , Wanted ! The Outlaws , along with Waylon Jennings , Jessi Colter , and Tompall Glaser . During the mid-1980s , while creating hit albums like Honeysuckle Rose and recording hit songs like `` On the Road Again '' , `` To All the Girls I 've Loved Before '' , and `` Pancho and Lefty '' , he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen , along with fellow singers Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , and Kris Kristofferson . In 1990 , Nelson 's assets were seized by the Internal Revenue Service , which claimed that he owed . The difficulty of paying his outstanding debt was aggravated by weak investments he had made during the 1980s . In 1992 , Nelson released The IRS Tapes : Who 'll Buy My Memories ? ; the profits of the double album -- destined to the IRS -- and the auction of Nelson 's assets cleared his debt . During the 1990s and 2000s , Nelson continued touring extensively , and released albums every year . Reviews ranged from positive to mixed . He explored genres such as reggae , blues , jazz , and folk . Nelson made his first movie appearance in the 1979 film The Electric Horseman , followed by other appearances in movies and on television . Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ( NORML ) , which is in favor of marijuana legalization . On the environmental front , Nelson owns the bio-diesel brand Willie Nelson Biodiesel , which is made from vegetable oil . Nelson is also the honorary chairman of the Advisory Board of the Texas Music Project , the official music charity of the state of Texas .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "094b546e62581ff82522be9ddecac952", "text": "Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression . It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction . In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcc4ba6118d43f85c6154a44f2ac9ce7", "text": "John Mellencamp John J Mellencamp ( born October 7 , 1951 ) , also known as John Cougar Mellencamp , is an American musician , singer-songwriter , painter , and actor . He is known for his catchy , populist brand of heartland rock , which emphasizes traditional instrumentation . Mellencamp rose to superstardom in the 1980s while `` honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that , starting in 1982 , yielded a string of Top 10 singles , '' including `` Hurts So Good , '' `` Jack & Diane , '' `` Crumblin ' Down , '' `` Pink Houses , '' `` Lonely Ol' Night , '' `` Small Town , '' `` R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. , '' `` Paper in Fire , '' and `` Cherry Bomb . '' He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States . In addition , he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , with seven , and has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards , winning one . Mellencamp released his latest album , Sad Clowns & Hillbillies , on April 28 , 2017 , to widespread critical acclaim . Mellencamp is also one of the founding members of Farm Aid , an organization that began in 1985 with a concert in Champaign , Illinois , to raise awareness about the loss of family farms and to raise funds to keep farm families on their land . Farm Aid concerts have remained an annual event over the past 32 years , and as of 2017 the organization has raised over $ 50 million to promote a strong and resilient family farm system of agriculture . Mellencamp was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10 , 2008 . His biggest musical influences are Bob Dylan , Woody Guthrie , James Brown , Buddy Holly and the Rolling Stones . Said longtime Rolling Stone contributor Anthony DeCurtis : `` Mellencamp has created an important body of work that has earned him both critical regard and an enormous audience . His songs document the joys and struggles of ordinary people seeking to make their way , and he has consistently brought the fresh air of common experience to the typically glamour-addled world of popular music . '' The late Billboard magazine editor-in-chief Timothy White said in 2001 : Johnny Cash called Mellencamp `` one of the 10 best songwriters '' in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab29d35895bb2329949775780f292b7", "text": "Midnight Rider `` Midnight Rider '' is a song by the American rock band the Allman Brothers Band . It was the second single from their second studio album , Idlewild South ( 1970 ) , released on Capricorn Records . The song was primarily written by vocalist Gregg Allman , who first began composing it at a rented cabin outside of Macon , Georgia . He enlisted the help of roadie Robert Kim Payne to complete the song 's lyrics . He and Payne broke into Capricorn Sound Studios to complete a demo of the song . While the original Allman Brothers release of the song did not chart , `` Midnight Rider '' was much more successful in cover versions . Gregg Allman 's solo version of the song , released in 1973 , was its biggest chart success ; it was a top 20 hit in the U.S. and Canada . A cover by Jamaican singer , Paul Davidson , represented its biggest peak in the United Kingdom , where it hit number ten . Country artist Willie Nelson also recorded a version of the song that peaked at number six on U.S. country charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c745e2edb058bed3320e9ba762301c7", "text": "Roger Miller Roger Dean Miller , Sr. ( January 2 , 1936 -- October 25 , 1992 ) was an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor , best known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs . His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country/pop hits `` King of the Road '' , `` Dang Me '' , and `` England Swings '' , all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era . After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army , Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s , penning such hits as `` Billy Bayou '' and `` Home '' for Jim Reeves and `` Invitation to the Blues '' for Ray Price . He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s , continuing to record and tour into the 1990s , charting his final top 20 country hit `` Old Friends '' with Willie Nelson in 1982 . He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood . Later in his life , he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony-award winning Broadway musical Big River , in which he acted . Miller died from lung cancer in 1992 , and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later . His songs continued to be recorded by younger artists , with covers of `` Tall , Tall Trees '' by Alan Jackson and `` Husbands and Wives '' by Brooks & Dunn , each reaching the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s . The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick , Oklahoma , is a tribute to Miller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "badce9695b8a4e55c49ae48334247d32", "text": "Tootsie's Orchid Lounge Tootsie 's Orchid Lounge ( also known as Tootsie 's World Famous Orchid Lounge ) is a honky-tonk bar located in Nashville , Tennessee behind the Ryman Auditorium . Tootsie 's has three stages that host live local talent each night ; covering modern day country music artist such as Jason Aldean , Taylor Swift , and other popular country music artists as well as original work . Some of its early famous first customers were Willie Nelson , Patsy Cline , Mel Tillis , Kris Kristofferson , Waylon Jennings , Roger Miller and numerous others country musicians . According to www.tootsies.net , Willie Nelson received his first songwriting gig after singing at Tootsie 's . Terri Clark a Canadian-born country artist started singing at Tootsie 's in 1987 . and has since become an internationally known country superstar with hits such as Better Things to Do , and the Warren Zevon cover , Poor Poor Pitiful Me . Originally named Mom 's , Tootsie Bess ( Hattie Louise Bess ) bought the future honky tonk in 1960 . The name however , came later when to her surprise a painter painted the lounge purple . Subsequently , the name was changed to Tootsie 's Orchid Lounge and to date , the exterior of the lounge is still painted the same color . Tootsie was known to slip 5 's and 10 's into the pockets of luckless writers and pickers . It was said she had a cigar box behind the counter full of IOU 's from where she had given drinks and food to hungry writers and pickers . Supposedly , at each year 's end , a bunch of Opry Performers would take all the IOU 's and pay Tootsie so she would n't lose the money . At her 1978 funeral were Tom T. Hall , Roy Acuff and Faron Young . She was buried in an Orchid gown , with an orchid placed in the orchid colored casket , so she could take her favorite flower to heaven . Connie Smith sang some of Tootsie 's favorite hymns at the funeral . On November 7 , 2010 , Tootsie 's celebrated its 50th Anniversary with performances at the Ryman Auditorium from Kris Kristofferson , Terri Clark , Little Jimmy Dickens , Mel Tillis , Jamey Johnson , and Joanna Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4fa3add16186fef7c663cb15df2997", "text": "Wayne Nelson Wayne Nelson ( born June 1 , 1950 in Kansas City , Missouri ) is an American singer and musician best known for being a member of the rock band Little River Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5e832443a3b5a07774b0751d096061", "text": "Collector's Series (Willie Nelson album) Collector 's Series is a 1985 compilation album by country singer Willie Nelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bb890a551065fc1592dee537ef460b", "text": "Mozambique (song) `` Mozambique '' is a song written by Bob Dylan and Jacques Levy that was originally released on Dylan 's 1976 album Desire . It was also released as a single and reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . At the time of the song 's release , the titular country of Mozambique had just emerged from a ten-year insurgency war against Portugal which led to Mozambique 's independence . As a result , some left wing supporters wanted to see the song as lending support to the newly independent country . However , the lyrics of the song do n't support such an interpretation , being slight and treating the country as merely a place for a romantic getaway in the sun , apart from a fleeting reference to `` people living free '' . This angered some of Dylan 's fans . Music critic Paul Williams suggests that `` Mozambique '' may have had its genesis in Dylan 's desire to write a song about Marseilles . The melody received more praise than the lyrics . Robert Shelton describes the tune as `` playful . '' Authors Oliver Trager and John Nogowski both describe the melody as `` great '' and particularly praise the violin playing of Scarlet Rivera . Author Oliver Trager describes `` Mozambique '' as `` a light love song with lighter political overtones . '' Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls it `` effervescent '' and `` Dylan at his breeziest . '' Paul Williams considers `` Mozambique '' to be one of several songs on Desire with `` wonderful , inventive , pleasure-giving '' music which nonetheless fails to reach the intensity and unity of the other songs because the lyrics are `` a little too vague , too clever '' and `` too distanced . '' Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin considers the song to be a `` ditty dredged up from the bottom of the barrel , '' `` ghastly '' and `` the weakest song on Desire . '' `` Mozambique '' was also released as a single as a follow up to the Top 40 hit `` Hurricane '' and it reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Heylin suggests that Dylan may have released it as a single over songs fans might have preferred -- particularly `` Sara '' -- to spite fans who criticized the song for its slight lyrics trivializing the conflict in Mozambique . The song also appeared on the compilation album Masterpieces . A live performance was included in the television special Hard Rain but not on the associated album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2e31f8830a2f18f7c92eeaee8c77d69", "text": "16 Biggest Hits, Volume II 16 Biggest Hits , Volume II is a 2007 compilation album by country singer Willie Nelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce38f861b55461c3f3ecad733332510c", "text": "Paula Nelson Paula Carlene Nelson ( born October 27 , 1969 in Houston , Texas ) is an American country music singer and disc jockey . She is the daughter of country music singer and musician Willie Nelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "600011f9ebcde260fb6ddfed172287df", "text": "Jim Nelson (baseball) James Lorin Nelson ( July 4 , 1947 -- August 22 , 2004 ) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1970 and 1971 . Nelson was born in Birmingham , Alabama . The Pirates selected him in the 31st round of the 1965 amateur draft . His debut for the Pirates on May 30 , 1970 was memorable . He relieved Gene Garber in the fifth inning of a game at Forbes Field against the San Francisco Giants , struck out Willie Mays , and got Willie McCovey to hit into a double play ; he finished that appearance with three perfect innings pitched and four strikeouts , and hit a single in his only plate appearance . Nelson started his career with a 4-0 record for the Pirates in 1970 , a feat not equaled by a Pirates starting pitcher until Zach Duke in 2005 . Nelson also was the last Pirate pitcher to win his first 3 career starts until Gerrit Cole matched the feat in 2013 . Nelson also was the starting and winning pitcher in the final game played at Forbes Field on June 28 , 1970 . He commented on the fans ' frenzy at the end of that game : `` After the game , the fans stormed the field and took everything , grass , bases , numbers off the scoreboard . I even saw some old ladies with parts of chairs . It was a real scene . '' Nelson appeared in 15 games for the Pirates in 1970 and 17 games in 1971 , both as a starter and a reliever . He struggled with control in 1971 , walking 26 batters in 34 innings . In July , he was demoted to the minor leagues , but refused to report to his minor-league team . Although his teammates voted him a half-share of their 1971 World Series money , Pirates management did not award him a World Series ring . He underwent rotator cuff surgery and never returned to the majors . Nelson was a good-hitting pitcher , with 7 hits in 26 career at bats for a batting average of .269 . After retiring from baseball , Nelson became a produce salesman . He died unexpectedly at his Sacramento , California home at age 57 in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7132628c3c9a8896009f91c18a54bdf", "text": "City of New Orleans (album) City of New Orleans '' is a 1984 album by country musician Willie Nelson , released by Columbia Records . The title track was written and originally recorded by Steve Goodman ; his version was released in 1971 . The next year , Arlo Guthrie became the first to have a hit with the song . Nelson 's version topped the U.S. country singles chart . Other covers featured on the album include `` Please Come to Boston '' and `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a67ddbd6cdb303720b5341af1606de8f", "text": "Legend: The Best of Willie Nelson Legend : The Best of Willie Nelson '' is a compilation album by country singer Willie Nelson , released on May 5 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ca2e7d6a7434f6285d3a2f1d18eca7e", "text": "Willie Alexander Willie `` Loco '' Alexander ( born January 13 , 1943 ) is an American singer and keyboardist based in Gloucester , Massachusetts . He played with the Lost , the Bagatelle and the Grass Menagerie before becoming a member of the Velvet Underground in late 1971 , joining fellow Grass Menagerie alumni Doug Yule and Walter Powers and replacing Sterling Morrison , who had gone off to pursue an academic career . With the Velvet Underground , Alexander toured England , Scotland and the Netherlands in support of then-current album Loaded . After completing the tour on November 21 , 1971 , in Groningen , the band planned to start recording a new album , but band manager Steve Sesnick sent all of the band but Yule home , presumably to retain maximum control of the product ( the resulting album was Squeeze , released in 1973 ) and effectively ending Alexander 's time with the band . After leaving the Velvet Underground , he enjoyed a checkered career , both solo and with his Boom Boom Band , that lasts to this day . In-between , Alexander teamed up with Powers to tour France in 1982 for French punk record label New Rose Records , in 1987 opening for Dramarama and in 2006 for a tour with the legendary Boom Boom band . In addition to his storied music career , in 1994 , Willie narrated a local film entitled Middle Street made by fellow Gloucester native , independent filmmaker Henry Ferrini . Willie has also contributed many songs to the soundtracks for Henry 's other films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af8d81a6e531128f5cfd9ba961aca18", "text": "Sweeter as the Years Go By `` Sweeter as the Years Go By '' is a Christian hymn written by Lelia N. Morris in 1912 . It has been included in 87 hymnals . Its subject-matter is expressed in the refrain : It has been recorded in various , mostly gospel , styles . In 1929 , it was recorded by Blind Willie Johnson ( vocals and guitar ) in gospel blues style under the title `` Sweeter as the Years Roll By '' ( even though he sings `` Go '' throughout ) . Sweeter as the Years Go By is a 1990 compilation album of songs recorded by Blind Willie Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfc082ef3f1f0ca8982783bc254b5fdf", "text": "Family (Willie Nelson's band) The Family is Willie Nelson 's touring and recording group . Nelson , who did not manage through the 1960s to succeed as a singer , retired after the failure of his 1971 album Yesterday 's Wine . The following year , he returned from retirement rejuvenated by the burgeoning music movement of Austin , Texas . In 1973 , he formed a new backing band . The new lineup consisted of some of the members of his old road band `` The Record Men , '' with the addition of new members . The original lineup included his sister , Bobbie , on the piano ; drummer Paul English ; harmonicist Mickey Raphael ; bassist Bee Spears ; and guitarist Jody Payne . The current lineup includes all the members but Jody Payne , who retired in 2008 , and Bee Spears , who died in 2011 . Billy English joined in 2010 to help his brother Paul after he suffered a stroke the same year . Replacing Spears , Kevin Smith joined the band in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f608aa73ecd36e1d2c622de7196cb562", "text": "Mental distress Mental distress ( or psychological distress ) is a term used , both by some mental health practitioners and users of mental health services , to describe a range of symptoms and experiences of a person 's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling , confusing or out of the ordinary . Mental distress has a wider scope than the related term mental illness . Mental illness refers to a specific set of medically defined conditions . A person in mental distress may exhibit some of the symptoms described in psychiatry , such as : anxiety , confused emotions , hallucination , rage , depression and so on without actually being ` ill ' in a medical sense . Life situations such as : bereavement , stress , lack of sleep , use of drugs or alcohol , assault , abuse or accident can induce mental distress . This may be something which resolves without further medical intervention , though people who endure such symptoms longer term are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness . This definition is not without controversy as some mental health practitioners would use the terms mental distress and mental illness interchangeably . Some users of mental health services prefer the term mental distress in describing their experience as they feel it better captures that sense of the unique and personal nature of their experience , while also making it easier to relate to , since everyone experiences distress at different times . The term also fits better with the social model of disability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb85f7672b720cd0313531e9911819a", "text": "Willie Mabon Willie James Mabon ( October 24 , 1925 -- April 19 , 1985 ) was an American R&B singer , songwriter and pianist , who had two number one hits on the Billboard R&B chart : `` I Do n't Know '' in 1952 and `` I 'm Mad '' in 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ecd5bd435bfa9208e9a483d07f4520", "text": "VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson VH1 Storytellers is the 83rd overall album and is a live album by Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson , released in 1998 ( see 1998 in music ) on American Recordings . The album was produced by Rick Rubin and was the third record released as part of Cash 's ten-year period of collaboration with Rubin . It is not , however , counted as part of the American Recordings series , which is reserved for Cash 's studio work with Rubin . Cash and Nelson take turns on songs associated with each respective artist , usually with the other performing harmony or occasionally verses . The opening track is a duet with Cash and Nelson , and some tracks feature guitar solos by Nelson . Between tracks , Cash and Nelson joke with each other and discuss the songs and their origins . This was the final album of new performances released by Cash prior to the onset of health problems that forced him to curtail live concerts also led to changes in the timbre of his voice that were noticeable from American III : Solitary Man ( his next album release of new recordings issued in 2000 ) onwards . It was also Cash 's final purpose-recorded live album to be released during his lifetime , though an archival recording , Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden , recorded in 1969 , would be issued a year before his death .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f60167cbf9126dd1f58b6dee2df894ae", "text": "Joseph Barbera Joseph Roland `` Joe '' Barbera ( -LSB- bɑrˈbɛrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbɑrbərə -RSB- ; -LSB- barˈbɛːra -RSB- ; March 24 , 1911 -- December 18 , 2006 ) was an American animator , director , producer , storyboard artist , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of fans worldwide for much of the 20th century . Through his young adult years , Barbera lived , attended college , and began his career in New York City . After working odd jobs and as a banker , Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1932 and subsequently Terrytoons in 1936 . In 1937 , he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Barbera met William Hanna . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , after MGM dissolved their animation department , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , Yogi Bear , Scooby-Doo , Top Cat , The Smurfs , Huckleberry Hound and The Jetsons . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner , owners of Warner Bros. , in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoon shows have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 20 languages .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bb167901a4d7d952a80ee712710f1658", "text": "Rita Barberá María Rita Barberá Nolla ( 16 July 1948 -- 23 November 2016 ) was the Mayor of Valencia , Spain from 1991 until 2015 . Born in Valencia , she was a member of the National Council of the People 's Party of Spain and was a Representative in the Valencian regional Parliament ( Corts Valencianes ) . She turned down an offer to become a national deputy at the 2008 Spanish General Election , but she was made a senator by her party after she lost the 2015 municipal elections . As such , she was only answerable to the Tribunal Supremo , and the ordinary judge in charge of the Taula corruption case could therefore not indict her like the rest of her team . On 21 April 2016 , the investigating judge therefore requested her indictment for money laundering to the Tribunal Supremo . On 13 September 2016 the Tribunal Supremo opened a formal investigation , usually the step before an indictment , and the People 's Party asked her to resign her senate seat . She chose instead to leave the party and to become an independent senator , remaining answerable only to the Tribunal Supremo and keeping her salary . Until her death , she continued to socialize and vote with the party that she had formally left . Barberá died in Madrid on 23 November 2016 of a heart attack as a result of hepatic cirrhosis . She was in the process of being investigated for money laundering at the time , and had testified to the Tribunal Supremo only two days prior to her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0378fb01ebb88f0d55005b067509083f", "text": "March (disambiguation) March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars . March may also refer to : March ( surname ) , a surname ( including a list of people and fictional characters with the surname )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f3911a6adda186e7b19119cb6c75a8a", "text": "Margaret E. Barber Margaret Emma Barber or M. E. Barber ( 1866 -- 1930 ; Chinese : 和受恩 ; Pinyin : Hé Shòuēn ; Foochow Romanized : Huò Sêu-ŏng ) , was a British missionary in China . She was born in 1866 in Peasenhall , Suffolk , England , the daughter of Louis ( a wheelwright ) and Martha ( née Gibbs ) Barber . The family moved to 59 St Martins Lane Norwich around 1876 and established a Carriage Manufacturing business . The family home in Norwich ( see georgeplunkett.co.uk for a view of 59 St Martins Lane ) was opposite St Martins Parish church which was intensly evangelical in the 1880 - 90s and must have had an influence on the Barber family . During the course of her life , she lived in China twice to preach the Christian gospel . She left her home and traveled in a lonely way thousands of miles . Barber , who initially went to China as an Anglican , became an independent missionary with informal ties to the Plymouth Brethren . She is best known for her influence on Watchman Nee ( Nee Tuo-Sheng ) . Along the south China coast ( in Foochow ) , she and others regularly taught a Bible class at `` White Teeth Rock '' . There she had contact with Nee who was studying at Anglican Trinity College . Barber referred him to books by J. N. Darby , Madam Jeanne Guyon , Jessie Penn-Lewis , D. M. Panton , T. Austin Sparks , and of others , which had been of help to her . She also influenced others Chinese Christian leaders , including Leland Wang who later formed the Chinese Foreign Missionary Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10176ddfe1e964aefea01df9ed45bde4", "text": "Joseph Barbara Joseph Barbara may refer to : Joseph Barbara ( actor ) , American actor Joseph Barbara ( mobster ) , head of the Bufalino crime family and host of the Apalachin Conference", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61832dd0cdcc8e287f0f57d1403dbc4", "text": "Frederick Barber (cricketer) Frederick Arthur Barber ( 13 May 1887 -- 4 June 1943 ) was an English cricketer who played first class cricket for Derbyshire between 1907 and 1920 . Barber was born at Ilkeston , Derbyshire . He made his first class debut for Derbyshire in May 1907 against MCC when he took a total of three wickets , but was out for a duck in both innings . He next played two matches in 1911 , and then another two matches several years later in 1920 . Barber took 9 first class wickets at an average of 29.66 and a best performance of 2 for 19 . He played ten innings in five first class matches with an average of 3.33 and a top score of 10 . Barber died at The Pastures , Mickleover , Derbyshire at the age of 56 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9feddaf77a5e9fa327a04946b1eba05f", "text": "Peter J. Barber Peter Josiah Barber ( November 26 , 1830 -- January 27 , 1905 ) was an architect and served as mayor of Santa Barbara , California . He moved to San Francisco in 1852 , from Ohio , via Panama . He served as mayor of Santa Barbara during 1880 -- 81 and 1890 -- 91 . He was `` Santa Barbara 's most prolific architect of Victorian homes and buildings '' . He designed several buildings that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . Works include : Thomas Hope House , 399 Nogal Dr. , Santa Barbara , CA ( Barber , Peter J. ) NRHP-listed Joseph and Lucy Foster Sexton House , 5490 Hollister Ave. , Santa Barbara , CA ( Barber , Peter ) NRHP-listed Faith Mission , 409 State St. , Santa Barbara , CA ( Barber , Peter J. ) NRHP-listed Institute of World Culture , 1407 Chapala St. , Santa Barbara , CA ( Barber , Peter J. )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccce98c79e7ac3a85f4ba543ee650306", "text": "March 3", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7e680b7cf7c6ec0977ad0c3f087f1b", "text": "Triumphal march A triumphal march is a musical form generally reflecting a triumph , victory or great joy . See : march ( music ) . Many composers have written a triumphal march , with maybe the best known one being by Italian opera composer , Giuseppe Verdi for his 1871 grand opera , Aida , where , in the second act , Radames leads the Egyptian army on its return following their victory over the Ethiopians . The triumphal scene gives directors the opportunity for elaborate spectacle typical of the grand opera of the period in the nineteenth century . The Martsang Pandangál ( Filipino for `` Honours March '' ) often played during graduation ceremonies in the Philippines is an excerpt from Verdi 's march . The piece is also one of three compositions ( the other two being the Spanish anthem Marcha Real and the French anthem La Marseillaise ) that influenced the Philippine National Anthem , according to its composer , Julián Felipe . Verdi 's triumphal march has also become the background of many a popular football chant , especially in his native Italy . Among other composers who have composed triumphal marches are Ludwig van Beethoven , Edward Elgar , Edvard Grieg and Alfred Hollins . Alexander Glazunov 's is known as the `` Triumphal March on the Occasion of the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago , 1893 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "096f0f80c58ec042c42f95f148cd163e", "text": "Charles Alfred Barber Charles Alfred Barber C.I.E. ( 10 November 1860 - 23 February 1933 ) was a British botanist and specialist on sugarcane , who worked for much of his life in southern India . Saccharum barberi , a species of sugarcane that grows wild in northern India is named after him . He was a pioneer in the nobilization of wild canes in India , by producing hybrids between wild and hardy local species and the high-sugar-yielding cultivated Saccharum officinarum that could survive the cold winters of northern India . Born on 10 November 1860 at Wynberg , Cape Town , he went to study at New Kingswood , Bath and later at Bonn University . He joined Cambridge University and passed the natural sciences Tripos with first class in 1887 ( part I ) and 188 ( part II ) . He received an MA in 1892 and a Sc.D . in 1908 . He joined in the Leeward Islands as a Superintendent of the Botanical Station in 1892 and worked for four years before joining as a lecturer in botany at the Royal Engineering College at Cooper 's Hill . In 1898 he joined the Madras Presidency as Government Botanist . He studied root-parasitism in plants from 1906-1908 . He became an expert on sugarcane to the Government in 1912 . He became a lecturer on Tropical Agriculture at Cambridge University in 1919 . He was made C.I.E. in 1918 . He worked on many aspects of sugarcane breeding and in basic botany . He established a sugarcane research station that is now known as the Sugarcane breeding institute at Coimbatore and along with T.S. Venkatraman developed hybrid sugarcane varieties suitable for India . These included hybrids between local and hardy canes from India which are now called Saccharum barberi after him and the tropical high-sugar yielding Saccharum officinarum which did not survive in the winter of northern India . This transfer of commercially useful traits from `` noble '' cane to Indian cane is referred to the nobilization of Indian canes . He was awarded the Maynard Ganga Ram prize in 1931 . He died at Cambridge on 23 February 1933 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1603776d4bbc9b668ece003986b6323", "text": "Simona Marchini Simona Marchini ( born 19 December 1941 ) is an Italian actress , television and radio presenter , stage director , comedian and art curator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ba66a2b480b60cb44d7e68ffb6a2e51", "text": "Entrance of the Gladiators `` Entrance of the Gladiators '' op. 68 or `` Entry of the Gladiators '' ( Czech : Vjezd gladiátorů , German : Einzug der Gladiatoren ) is a military march composed in 1897 by the Czech composer Julius Fučík . He originally titled it `` Grande Marche Chromatique , '' reflecting the use of chromatic scales throughout the piece , but changed the title based on his personal interest in the Roman Empire . In 1901 , American publisher Carl Fischer published a version of this march , arranged for American wind bands by Canadian composer Louis-Philippe Laurendeau , under the title `` Thunder and Blazes . '' It was during this period that the song gained lasting popularity as a screamer march for circuses , often used to introduce clowns . Today it is known mainly by this association , even though the title and composer are relatively obscure . Laurendeau 's version was also transcribed for fairground organs . The march receives the occasional concert hall performance , such as at the 2007 Last Night of the Proms . Generally , the march is divided into three parts . The first part contains the melody that the trumpet keeps and the several supporting parts . The second third is the section where the low brass ( mainly the tubas ) take over with the chromatic scale like role . Finally there is a trio , or a slow melodic section , where there is a strong balance between woodwinds and low brass . The trio has a part similar to the second third with a chromatic scale like sound . The piece is written in cut time and is originally written to be played at standard march tempo ; however , when played as a screamer it is usually played much faster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae49edcf1839dd32fcfacc51ae97884d", "text": "Joel Barber Joel David Barber ( 1876 -- 1952 ) was an early 20th-century architect from New York City who is best known as an early collector and promoter of duck decoys as folk art . Barber began collecting the carved wooden decoys in 1918 after finding one , a red-breasted merganser hen , by accident near his Long Island boathouse . In addition to collecting and exhibiting the works , Barber organized decoy carving competitions and produced works of his own . This includes an 1932 exhibition composed of 116 decoys in his own collection and 54 contemporary decoys made by Charles `` Shang '' Wheeler sponsored by Abercrombie & Fitch . But his most enduring contribution was his 1934 book Wild Fowl Decoys which is considered the seminal work on the subject , and remained the definite collector 's guide for many decades after its publication . The book includes images of decoys designed and made by Barber himself . He also wrote a lesser known work of short stories and poetry , Long Shore , based on his experiences as an outdoorsman in New England . Following his death in 1952 , Barber 's collection of about 400 decoys was given to the Shelburne Museum in Vermont .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce925815b53f6e32ab9ea6f284c4d5e", "text": "Conca de Barberà Conca de Barberà ( -LSB- ˈkoŋkə ðə βərβəˈɾa -RSB- ) is a comarca ( county ) in the province of Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain . Its total area is 650.24 km2 . At its creation in 1936 , it contained 23 municipalities , but in 1990 , several of these were amalgamated ; Rojals was combined with Montblanc , and Montbrió de la Marca was amalgamated with Sarral . Also in 1990 , Vallfogona de Riucorb was moved from the Segarra comarca . This resulted in the current total of 22 municipalities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9b67eb941f602905ca05109a315fac4", "text": "March 12", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1157c8ec7e882b261f3a4b8fec4f9e68", "text": "Kyriacos Demetriou Kyriacos Demetriou ( Greek : Δημητρίου Κυριάκος , known as Mr. Kay ) ( April 14 , 1919 -- May 14 , 1999 ) was a New York City barber known for his adherence to traditional practices within his craft . Mr. Kay was born in Cyprus , but his family moved to England when he was an infant . His family struggled financially , and he took up work as a shoeshine boy outside a barbershop on London 's West End . He became an apprentice to the proprietor , at first standing on a milk crate to cut . He won a national barber competition , and in the late 1930s he emigrated to New York . He worked at various places before taking over the Broadway Barbershop . His business was on the west side of Broadway in Manhattan 's Upper West Side between 103rd and 104th Streets . Reputed to be the oldest in the city , it was founded in 1904 . Mr. Kay took over in the early 1970s and ran it for almost 30 years until he retired in 1996 . In addition to haircuts , he provided shaves with a straight razor . He maintained his salon in keeping with traditional barber shops , and when he retired he refused offers to sell the interior and donated it instead to the Museum of the City of New York . Throughout the years , as his business increasingly became an anachronism , it was featured in articles , books , and art . He was featured at least twice in New Yorker cartoons , as a subject in a painting by Max Ferguson , and in books about fading New York businesses . Mr. Kay claimed to have given Yul Brynner his first shaved head , and to have cut the hair of presidents Harry Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower , as well as that of actor Humphrey Bogart , the composers Aaron Copland and George Gershwin . He had an appearance on Sesame Street . He took a particular interest in the families he served . He worked six days a week , did not post his prices , refused to take appointments , and made customers wait , often standing in line outside his shop . A mainstay on the Upper West Side through the years , he was also known for his daily exchange with a passerby who would knock on his door on his way home from work :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef1f9b1ce82fc659f2a536432c9874c", "text": "Apalachin meeting The Apalachin meeting was a historic summit of the American Mafia held at the home of mobster Joseph `` Joe the Barber '' Barbara , in Apalachin , New York , on November 14 , 1957 . Allegedly , the meeting was held to discuss various topics including loansharking , narcotics trafficking , and gambling , along with dividing the illegal operations controlled by the late Albert Anastasia . An estimated 100 Mafiosi from the United States , Italy , and Cuba are thought to have attended this meeting . Vito Genovese , then head of the renamed Genovese family , initially called the meeting as a way to recognize his new power as capo dei capi . Local and state law enforcement became suspicious when numerous expensive cars bearing license plates from around the country arrived in what was described as `` the sleepy hamlet of Apalachin . '' After setting up roadblocks , the police raided the meeting causing many of the participants to flee into the woods and area surrounding the Barbara estate . More than 60 underworld bosses were detained and indicted following the raid . One of the most direct and significant outcomes of the Apalachin Meeting was that it helped to confirm the existence of the American Mafia to the public , a fact that some , including Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover , had long refused to acknowledge publicly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f3c1ac6f9700121f1f6652961072320", "text": "Joseph Silverstein Joseph Harry Silverstein ( March 21 , 1932 -- November 21 , 2015 ) was an American violinist and conductor . Known to family , friends and colleagues as `` Joey '' , Silverstein was born in Detroit . As a youth , Silverstein studied with his father , Bernard Silverstein , who was a public school music teacher . He began studies at the Curtis Institute of Music at age 12 . His teachers included Efrem Zimbalist , D.C. Dounis , William Primrose , Josef Gingold , and Mischa Mischakoff . Although he never formally completed his high school education , Silverstein did graduate from Curtis in 1950 . Following completion of his studies at Curtis , Silverstein played as a section musician with the Houston Symphony Orchestra , the Philadelphia Orchestra , and the Denver Symphony Orchestra . In 1955 , Silverstein joined the second violin section of Boston Symphony Orchestra ( BSO ) , the youngest musician in the orchestra at the time . In 1959 , he won a silver medal at the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition , and in 1960 he won the Naumburg Award from the Walter W. Naumburg Foundation . In 1962 , Silverstein became BSO concertmaster , a position he held for 22 years . He was appointed assistant conductor of the BSO in 1971 . Whilst in Boston , Silverstein performed with other local ensembles such as the Civic Symphony and Banchetto Musicale . He also taught at the New England Conservatory , Yale University , and Boston University as well as serving on the faculty of the Tanglewood Music Center . Silverstein left the BSO in 1984 . Silverstein was music director of the Utah Symphony from 1983 to 1998 . He served as acting music director of the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra in 2001 until the orchestra 's demise in 2003 . He was the artistic advisor to the Portland Symphony Orchestra for the 2007-2008 season . In addition to teaching in Boston , he served as a professor of violin at the Curtis Institute of Music . In 1969 , he became a faculty artist at the Sarasota Music Festival . Silverstein performed on a 1742 Guarneri del Gesù . Silverstein married Adrienne Shufro in 1954 . Their marriage produced two daughters , Bunny and Deborah , and a son , Marc . His widow , three children , and four grandchildren survive him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d44171fbd50a9617a851364a4469759e", "text": "March 28", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6b99523468257b3f91566fb1800f70b", "text": "Jim Barber (ventriloquist) Jim Barber is an American ventriloquist , comedian and singer who performs Internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf02a08d31771b1323b349ab8cc2fe8", "text": "Hans Marchwitza Hans Marchwitza ( June 25 , 1890 -- January 17 , 1965 ) was a German writer , proletarian poet , and communist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "39e614d047de06e5bf564984bc7a1f07", "text": "Chris Pratt Christopher Michael Pratt ( born June 21 , 1979 ) is an American actor . Pratt came to prominence with his television roles , including Bright Abbott in The WB drama series Everwood and Andy Dwyer in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation . His early film career began with supporting roles in such mainstream films as Wanted , Jennifer 's Body , Moneyball , The Five-Year Engagement , Zero Dark Thirty , Delivery Man and Her . Pratt achieved leading man status after starring in two commercially successful films in 2014 : computer-animated adventure comedy The Lego Movie and Marvel Studios superhero film Guardians of the Galaxy ( in which he portrayed Star-Lord ) . In 2015 , he starred in Jurassic World , the fourth installment in the Jurassic Park franchise and his most financially successful film to date , earning $ 1.6 billion at the box office . Later that year , Time named Pratt one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . Pratt continued his leading man status with The Magnificent Seven and Passengers . He reprised his role as Star-Lord in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 , and will play the character again in Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled fourth Avengers film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "131114b9553f955c0623538abb410662", "text": "Christian Clark Christian Clark ( born 15 September 1978 ) is an Australian actor and business owner . Christian appeared in the role of Will Griggs in the Network Ten soap opera Neighbours from 2006 to 2007 and played Penn Graham in Home and Away in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7823f57c984a5cab8eb911c276d8736b", "text": "Morning Star (TV series) Morning Star is a daytime soap opera which aired on NBC from September 27 , 1965 to July 1 , 1966 . The show was created by Ted Corday who would later create the long-running daytime serial Days of Our Lives . The show aired at 11:00 AM ; it was paired with Paradise Bay which aired after it and also was created by Ted Corday . Morning Star was one of the first soap operas to air in color . The show followed Katy Elliot who was a fashion designer from Connecticut ; she moved to New York City to begin work in her chosen field . It followed her trials and tribulations along with those of her roommates Joan Mitchell and Joan 's daughter Liz . Katy had left her hometown of Springdale after the death of Greg Ross , her fiance , who had been killed in a traffic accident before they were to have been married . In New York , Katy met and fell in love with Bill Riley , She also had contact with her aunt Millie Elliot ; her uncle , Ed Elliot , who was a judge in Springdale ; and her sixteen-year-old sister , Jan. . As did Days of our Lives , the show opened with an epigraph , as was customary for soap operas of the time , `` No matter how dark the night , there is always a new dawn to come . The sun is but a morning star . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd5088c4c3f8231f7b7fd2e6fcdbe1c7", "text": "Michael A. Noonan Michael Anthony Noonan is a New Zealand writer , most often associated with his writing for television drama series in his native land . He is usually credited under either his full name or as Michael A. Noonan , so as to be distinguished from New Zealand-born Australian writer Michael Noonan . Noonan grew up in the southern South Island , in Dunedin and Oamaru . After leaving school he began writing , notably drama such as The Rattle , whilst supplementing his income through work in radio and stage acting and as a regional television newsreader . He moved to Auckland in 1965 , where he began writing for television . In 1969 , he became the first script editor for the newly created television drama department of the NZBC . In this capacity he worked alongside and helped mentor a group of new writing talent including the likes of Roger Hall and Fiona Kidman . He left his editing position in the early 1970s , and in the proceeding years scripted several series , notable among them early children 's television series The Games Affair . In the following years , Noonan formed a close working relationship with director Tony Isaac . In 1975 their collaboration won a Feltex Award for The Longest Winter , a docu-drama about the Great Depression . The same year saw the debut of Close to Home , for which Noonan and Isaac became a principal writer and director . This was to prove to be New Zealand 's most successful soap opera until the launch of Shortland Street 17 years later . In 1977 , Noonan wrote the docu-drama The Governor , based on the life of Sir George Grey . This series , also directed by Isaac , too was to become a New Zealand television landmark . In 1979 , Noonan became the first scriptwriter to be awarded a Robert Burns Fellowship by the University of Otago . During this time he wrote two series which were cancelled before going into production , notably one based on Bill Pearson 's novel Coal Flat . The cancellation was , in part , due to financial concerns , especially given that The Governor had proved controversial over its high production costs . Television New Zealand was approached again over the Coal Flat project in 2002 , but funding was declined . Noonan later successfully adapted Roger Hall 's stage play Glide Time into a long-running television comedy series , Gliding On .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d761992b481d6b3eeb1db6a7da2f0e0b", "text": "Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b0d7d3d6928cceae0c370cbd94ac09e", "text": "Wayne Addison Wayne Addison is a fictional character from the daytime soap opera Another World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8290f6b59a1f6419691c6bd4aec140ed", "text": "Michael Parr Michael Parr ( born 6 August 1986 ) is a British actor , known for playing the part of Ross Barton in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acd80b26555b818fc1e8bc5844f628a7", "text": "Curtis Reed (Days of Our Lives) Curtis Reed is a fictional character from the soap opera , Days of Our Lives . He was played by Nick Benedict .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bcae00a6190e31684b53b01d0dac3bc", "text": "Simon Howe Simon Howe is a character from the Channel 4 soap Brookside . He was played by Lee Hartney from 1993 until the character 's suicide in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2", "text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13849c03deb672a55b0ebb35ae6962ab", "text": "The Soap Opera Encyclopedia (Schemering book) The Soap Opera Encyclopedia is a 1985 reference book by Christopher Schemering which assembles comprehensive information about all daytime and prime time soap operas broadcast up to the date of publication . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 , but is currently out of print . The Soap Opera Encyclopedia features commentary , analysis and criticism of `` every daytime and prime-time television soap opera broadcast on the three major networks , as well as a selection of syndicated , cable , and foreign efforts . '' It also discusses background , significant storylines and impact of each program , and lists performers and characters . Schemering also includes a `` Short History of Television Soap Opera , '' as well as profiles of major performers , writers and producers in the genre in a section entitled `` Who 's Who in Soap Opera . '' Finally , the book contains 30 pages of photos from various programs . Published in a time before the internet , the Encyclopedia was a primary source of background information and commentary on soap opera ; it and Schemering have been quoted in various articles , books and web pages . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 . According to the Encyclopedia , Schemering `` spent fifteen years collecting memorabilia and information about the soap opera phenomenon '' and wrote a syndicated column on the genre . He was also a regular contributor to The Washington Post Book World and had published film and television articles in The New Republic , USA Today , the Chicago Tribune , the San Francisco Chronicle , the New York Daily News and other publications . Schemering is also the author of Guiding Light : A 50th Anniversary Celebration ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c965c4336abfaa9e3cadd5e58a5b1edb", "text": "Soap opera rapid aging syndrome Soap opera rapid aging syndrome ( SORAS ) is the practice of accelerating the age of a television or film character ( usually a child or teenager ) in conflict with the timeline of a series and/or the real-world progression of time . This allows for , for instance , storylines around a pregnancy and birth to be relatively quickly followed by storylines around the travails of that child as a teenager or young adult . This is usually accomplished by recasting the actor playing the part , although in some cases the character is not shown onscreen , only mentioned , until after they have been `` rapidly aged '' . The process originated ( and is most commonly used ) in daytime soap operas , though it is also sometimes used in prime time shows . On sitcoms , a newborn infant character is sometimes aged quickly into a kindergartner , for greater comic potential , as was done with the character Chrissy Seaver on Growing Pains in 1990 . The term was coined by Soap Opera Weekly founding editor-in-chief Mimi Torchin in the early days of the magazine , which began publishing in 1989 . It is now widely used in the soap opera media and is sometimes used as a verb as well ( `` the character was SORASed '' ) . Torchin has jokingly called it `` my one greatest contribution to the world of soap operas . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3a910832d186af1fc529a2cb52057e5", "text": "Ally Gorman Ally Gorman ( also Edward James ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Daniel O'Connor . The actor 's casting was announced in December 2011 . O'Connor originally auditioned for a different role , before being asked to audition for the part of Ally . O'Connor was given the part and began filming his scenes three days later . Hollyoaks series producer , Emma Smithwick , said that O'Connor `` nailed '' his audition . O'Connor signed up for an initial twelve episode stint , but his contract was extended and he became a regular cast member . The actor commutes from London to Liverpool for filming . O'Connor made his debut screen appearance as Ally during the episode broadcast on 31 January 2012 . O'Connor departed Hollyoaks on 27 November 2012 . Before his arrival on screen , O'Connor revealed that Ally has a `` dark past '' that would be `` uncovered eventually in true soap style '' . Ally is Australian and a military medic . O'Connor described his character as a `` nice , loveable guy '' who is `` very friendly and kind '' . Smithwick said Ally is `` contradictory '' and `` crosses a divide '' . She called Ally sensitive and described him as a `` real guy 's guy '' . A writer for the official Hollyoaks website described Ally as a `` Hot Aussie '' In June 2012 , it was revealed that Ally would lose his `` strait-laced good boy '' reputation . Ally is introduced as the new lodger of Jacqui McQueen ( Claire Cooper ) and Rhys Ashworth ( Andrew Moss ) . Ally 's storylines have mainly focused on his relationship with Amy Barnes ( Ashley Slanina-Davies ) . It is later revealed that Ally has a `` mystery connection '' to newcomer , Walker ( Neil Newbon ) . Lynsey Nolan ( Karen Hassan ) discovers this and decides to investigate their past history . Lynsey is later murdered in a whodunit storyline , with Ally becoming a suspect in her death . Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap did not agree with a viewers criticism of O'Connor 's acting and opined that he is doing a `` stellar job '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f4990a17b2864044fbe07cb735c2f9c", "text": "Chris Attoh Chris Attoh ( born Christopher Keith Nii Attoh ; 17 May 1979 ) is a Ghanaian actor , on-air personality , television presenter and producer . He is best known as `` Kwame Mensah '' in Nigerian soap opera Tinsel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5296fd007c6a3d2dea13c2d5181fffb8", "text": "Something in the Air (TV series) Something in the Air was an Australian television soap opera transmitted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation between 2000 and 2002 . It was one of the first programs in Australia that was filmed in widescreen . It won the AACTA Award for Best Television Drama Series in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c0975072dfbf820079bd8c10201418", "text": "The Practice (1985 TV series) The Practice was a 1985 British television soap opera produced for ITV by Granada Television , which aired for two series in 1985 and 1986 . The series was first introduced as a twice-weekly medical drama in January 1985 , becoming Granada 's second regular networked soap opera along with Coronation Street , with the idea being that its hard-hitting storylines would be a competitor with the BBC 's EastEnders which started airing the following month . The Practice was set in a GP 's surgery in the fictional Manchester suburb of Castlehulme and had an initial run of 34 episodes airing for 30 minutes in an early evening slot on Friday and Sunday evenings throughout the Winter and Spring of 1985 . However , the series did not perform as well as had been hoped and it disappeared from screens in May 1985 . It returned for a second run of 13 one-hour episodes between May and August 1986 , this time airing in a 9pm slot on Friday evenings . After series two ended no further episodes were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616c9f32cf17f8a38462df18a9eddcab", "text": "Alles was zählt Alles was zählt ( All That Matters ) is a German television soap opera first broadcast on RTL on 4 September 2006 . The original plot revolved around Diana Sommer 's dream to become a world class ice skater . She fell in love with Julian Herzog , who signed her at the prestigious Steinkamp Sport and Wellness Center , run by the unscrupulous Steinkamp dynasty . Diana and Julian eventually became a couple , but in November 2007 , Julian suffered a brain hemorrhage and died during their wedding . Diana remained in Essen until January 2009 , when she left to join a skating centre in Halle . The story continues to revolve around the Steinkamp Sport and Wellness Centre and its quest to become a sporting powerhouse , as well as the lives of the characters who work at and around the Centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c", "text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "269212d6a9ce52ba354f006e4db16038", "text": "Event management Event management is the application of project management to the creation and development of large scale events such as festivals , conferences , ceremonies , formal parties , concerts , or conventions . It involves studying the brand , identifying it 's target audience , devising the event concept , and coordinating the technical aspects before actually launching the event . The process of planning and coordinating the event is usually referred to as event planning and which can include budgeting , scheduling , site selection , acquiring necessary permits , coordinating transportation and parking , arranging for speakers or entertainers , arranging decor , event security , catering , coordinating with third party vendors , and emergency plans . The events industry now includes events of all sizes from the Olympics down to business breakfast meetings . Many industries , charitable organizations , and interest groups hold events in order to market themselves , build business relationships , raise money , or celebrate achievement .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c4c4fb316eadbdf898167e5eed05c1e4", "text": "Business process management Business process management ( BPM ) is a field in operations management that focuses on improving corporate performance by managing and optimizing a company 's business processes . It can therefore be described as a `` process optimization process '' . It is argued that BPM enables organizations to be more efficient , more effective and more capable of change than a functionally focused , traditional hierarchical management approach . These processes can impact the cost and revenue generation of an organization . As a policy-making approach , BPM sees processes as important assets of an organization that must be understood , managed , and developed to announce value-added products and services to clients or customers . This approach closely resembles other total quality management or continual improvement process methodologies and BPM proponents also claim that this approach can be supported , or enabled , through technology . As such , many BPM articles and scholars frequently discuss BPM from one of two viewpoints : people and/or technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8283b88e48ac913d1e7a7b227ff32a2a", "text": "Distribution center A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building , often with refrigeration or air conditioning , which is stocked with products ( goods ) to be redistributed to retailers , to wholesalers , or directly to consumers . A distribution center is a principal part , the order processing element , of the entire order fulfillment process . Distribution centers are usually thought of as being demand driven . A distribution center can also be called a warehouse , a DC , a fulfillment center , a cross-dock facility , a bulk break center , and a package handling center . The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation . For example , a `` retail distribution center '' normally distributes goods to retail stores , an `` order fulfillment center '' commonly distributes goods directly to consumers , and a cross-dock facility stores little or no product but distributes goods to other destinations . Distribution centers are the foundation of a supply network , as they allow a single location to stock a vast number of products . Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility , sharing space , equipment , labor resources , and inventory as applicable . A typical retail distribution network operates with centers set up throughout a commercial market , with each center serving a number of stores . Large distribution centers for companies such as Wal-Mart serve 50 -- 125 stores . Suppliers ship truckloads of products to the distribution center , which stores the product until needed by the retail location and ships the proper quantity . Since a large retailer might sell tens of thousands of products from thousands of vendors , it would be impossibly inefficient to ship each product directly from each vendor to each store . Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks , while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that coordinate the distribution of products for a number of companies . A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11fb297b9f3aaac6f93d149fe5751c2b", "text": "Management information system Management information system ( MIS ) refers to the processing of information through computers to manage and support managerial decisions within an organization . The concept may include systems termed transaction processing system , decision support system , expert system , or executive information system . The term is often used in the academic study of businesses and has connections with other areas , such as information systems , information technology , informatics , e-commerce and computer science ; as a result , the term is used interchangeably with some of these areas . Management information systems ( plural ) as an academic discipline studies people , technology , organizations , and the relationships among them . This definition relates specifically to `` MIS '' as a course of study in business schools . Many business schools ( or colleges of business administration within universities ) have an MIS department , alongside departments of accounting , finance , management , marketing , and may award degrees ( at undergraduate , master , and doctoral levels ) in Management Information Systems . MIS professionals help organizations to maximize the benefit from investments in personnel , equipment , and business processes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c71ff6ea8fee61eb1a4346ac09b64e2a", "text": "Service management Service management in the manufacturing context , is integrated into supply chain management as the intersection between the actual sales and the customer point of view . The aim of high performance service management is to optimize the service-intensive supply chains , which are usually more complex than the typical finished-goods supply chain . Most service-intensive supply chains require larger inventories and tighter integration with field service and third parties . They also must accommodate inconsistent and uncertain demand by establishing more advanced information and product flows . Moreover , all processes must be coordinated across numerous service locations with large numbers of parts and multiple levels in the supply chain . Among typical manufacturers , post-sale services ( maintenance , repair and parts ) account for less than 20 percent of revenue . But among the most innovative companies in service , those same activities often generate more than 50 percent of the profits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58d9a3fdffe3b7bdf8a1b3f90b32246e", "text": "EventManager EventManager is commercial Event management software developed , sold , and supported by UK-based Kent House based at Keele University . The product was first developed in 2003 for use within the UK National Health Service ( NHS ) . Since then it has been adopted widely within the NHS and also by commercial and not-for profit organisations to support their Event management activity . In 2008 EventManager won a Medilink West Midlands award for its contribution to delivering efficiencies in the NHS . EventManager was featured as a case study in The Internet Case Study Book published in 2010 by Taschen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c88301ae1b707a8536afad802f4c12", "text": "Functional Strategy Functional strategy - organizational plans prepared for various functional areas of a company 's organizational structure ( e.g. , marketing strategy , financial strategy , production strategy etc. ) . Functional strategies can be part of overall corporate strategy or serve as separate plans of strategy cascading/implementation within a functional area . Some common functional strategies are : Production strategy ( `` make or buy '' ) - defines what the company produces itself , and that purchases from suppliers or partners , that is , how far worked out the production chain . Financial Strategy - to select the main source of funding : the development of their own funds ( depreciation , profit , the issue of shares , etc. ) or through debt financing ( bank loans , bonds , commodity suppliers ' credits , etc. ) . Organizational strategy - decision on the organization of the staff ( choose the type of organizational structure , compensation system , etc. ) . others , such as : research and development ( R & D ) strategy , investment strategy , etc. . In addition , each of the functional strategies can be divided into components . For example , organizational strategy can be divided into three components : strategy of building organizations - to select the type of structure ( divisional , functional , project , etc. ) ; strategy to work with the staff - a way of training ( mainly administrative staff ) , training of staff ( in a business or educational institutions ) , career planning , etc. ; strategy of remuneration ( wages , rewards and penalties ) - in particular , the approach to the compensation of senior managers ( salary , bonuses , profit sharing , etc. ) . Responsible for implementation of the strategy at the functional level are senior specialists ( Ch . Engineer , Director of Finance ) . At the enterprise level - CEO , general director or director of the department , at the level of groups of companies - a collegiate body ( board of directors ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05b92dabf00bc99460f102be8cee1c88", "text": "VSIP The Visual Studio Industry Partner ( VSIP ) Program ( formerly Visual Studio Integration Program ) allows third-party developers and software vendors to develop tools , components and languages for use in the Microsoft Visual Studio . NET IDE . The program offers partnership benefits including co-marketing opportunities , and Visual Studio licensing options as well as extended access to Microsoft technical and premier support . The VSIP SDK ( software development kit ) facilitates development of integrated tools and includes development software and documentation that can be used within the Visual Studio . NET IDE directly . Extensions to the IDE , also known as `` Add-ins '' , can be as simple as adding a custom server control to the toolbox , or as complex as adding support for a new CLR-compliant language . Visual Studio Express is limited and does not support third-party extensions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03efbbeac3afcd414c308ecb6b110923", "text": "Economic operator An economic operator is a business or other organisation which supplies goods , works or services within the context of market operations . The term is used in public procurement to cover suppliers , contractors and service providers . The term is defined in the UK 's Public Contracts Regulations as : `` any person or public entity or group of such persons and entities , including any temporary association of undertakings , which offers the execution of works or a work , the supply of products or the provision of services on the market '' . Early European Union legislation on public procurement was contained within three separate Directives on purchasing of services , goods and works , but once a single directive was adopted in 2004 , a term was needed which would cover suppliers , contractors and service providers without implying or being limited to private sector operations . The terms ` business ' or ` undertaking ' would therefore have been inappropriate and the term ` economic operator ' was therefore adopted . In introducing the new term within the 2004 Directive , the text explained that the terms `` contractor '' , `` supplier '' and `` service provider '' ( as used within the Directive ) would mean ` any natural or legal person or public entity or group of such persons and/or bodies which offers on the market , respectively , the execution of works and/or a work , products or services ' and the term `` economic operator '' shall cover equally the concepts of contractor , supplier and service provider . It is used merely in the interest of simplification . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea335637ec44dfa30d821f3743847f21", "text": "Event-driven Event driven may refer to : The term event-driven refers to a methodology that focuses on events and event dependencies . Examples include : Event-driven finite-state machine , finite-state machine where the transition from one state to another is triggered by an event or a message Event-driven programming , a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events , and is often characterised by a main loop , event handlers , and asynchronous programming Event-driven architecture , a software architecture pattern promoting the production , detection , consumption of , and reaction to events Event-driven investing , a hedge fund investment strategy that seeks to exploit pricing inefficiencies that may occur before or after a corporate event Event-driven process chains , a type of flowchart used for business process modelling Workflows , a sequence of connected steps", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96ab575db07215d8beac5c269111bd3b", "text": "Direct selling Direct selling is the marketing and selling of products directly to consumers away from a fixed retail location . Peddling is the oldest form of direct selling . Modern direct selling includes sales made through the party plan , one-on-one demonstrations , and other personal contact arrangements as well as internet sales . Some sources have defined direct selling as : `` The direct personal presentation , demonstration , and sale of products and services to consumers , usually in their homes or at their jobs . '' Direct selling consists of two main business models : single-level marketing , in which a direct seller makes money by buying products from a parent organization and selling them directly to customers , and multi-level marketing ( also known as network marketing or person-to-person marketing ) , in which the direct seller may earn money from both direct sales to customers and by sponsoring new direct sellers and potentially earning a commission from their efforts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b77e496d4781cc5a4ba544fee1a81b", "text": "Program management In the software industry , program management is an aspect of software product management . Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projects , often with the intention of improving an organization 's performance . In practice and in its aims it is often closely related to systems engineering , industrial engineering , change management , and business transformation . The program manager has oversight of the purpose and status of the projects in a program and can use this oversight to support project-level activity to ensure the program goals are met by providing a decision-making capacity that can not be achieved at project level or by providing the project manager with a program perspective when required , or as a sounding board for ideas and approaches to solving project issues that have program impacts . In a program there is a need to identify and manage cross-project dependencies and often the project management office ( PMO ) may not have sufficient insight of the risk , issues , requirements , design or solution to be able to usefully manage these . The program manager may be well placed to provide this insight by actively seeking out such information from the project managers although in large and/or complex projects , a specific role may be required . However this insight arises , the program manager needs this in order to be comfortable that the overall program goals are achievable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3d762b657a1c7dd9c0faff61bda04e", "text": "Mergers and acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions ( M&A ) are transactions in which the ownership of companies , other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined . As an aspect of strategic management , M&A can allow enterprises to grow , shrink , and change the nature of their business or competitive position . From a legal point of view , a merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one entity , whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity 's stock , equity interests or assets . From a commercial and economic point of view , both types of transactions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity , and the distinction between a `` merger '' and an `` acquisition '' is less clear . A transaction legally structured as an acquisition may have the effect of placing one party 's business under the indirect ownership of the other party 's shareholders , while a transaction legally structured as a merger may give each party 's shareholders partial ownership and control of the combined enterprise . A deal may be euphemistically called a `` merger of equals '' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies , while when the deal is unfriendly ( that is , when the management of the target company opposes the deal ) it may be regarded as an `` acquisition '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0da33d5239db004c98edee1ffbe7699", "text": "Frequency coordinator In 1982 , the United States Congress provided the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) the statutory authority to use frequency coordinators to assist in developing and managing the Private Land Mobile Radio ( PLMR ) spectrum . Frequency coordinators , in this case , are private organizations that have been certified by the Commission to recommend the most appropriate frequencies for applicants in the designated Part 90 radio services . This frequency coordination process is intended to make more efficient use of the PLMR spectrum for the benefit of all members of the public . In general , applications for new frequency assignments , changes to existing facilities or operation at temporary locations must include a showing of frequency coordination . Anything that requires Frequency Coordination must be electronically submitted by the Coordinator . Frequency Coordination is required for a new filing . Major Modifications and Amendments that change or add frequencies , emissions , ERP , Output Power , Antenna Height , Ground Elevation , change location of Base , Fixed , Mobile or Control stations or number of Mobile units and any change to station class . ( Hydro frequencies listed in CFR 47 Section 90.265 ( a ) . Go through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) for coordination . Frequency Coordination is not required for STAs unless they are filing a waiver of the 180-day limit of STA . Developmental and Demonstration applications , Radiolocation ( RS ) applications , Itinerant operations and station classes ending in the letter `` I '' or `` L '' and applications for 6.1 Meter Control Stations . There are different frequency coordinators authorized for the different categories of PLMR spectrum . For frequencies in the 470-512 MHz band , applicants may use any frequency coordinator . For frequencies below 470 MHz and above 512 MHz , applicants must choose a frequency coordinator as specified below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3400d1c39c400b92807047f28c0851ef", "text": "Capacity management Capacity management is a process used to manage information technology ( IT ) . Its primary goal is to ensure that IT resources are right-sized to meet current and future business requirements in a cost-effective manner . One common interpretation of capacity management is described in the ITIL framework . ITIL version 3 views capacity management as comprising three sub-processes : business capacity management , service capacity management , and component capacity management ( known as resource capacity management in ITIL version 2 ) . As the usage of IT services change and functionality evolves , the amount of central processing units ( CPUs ) , memory and storage to a physical or virtual server etc. also changes . If it is possible to understand the demands being made currently , and how they will change over time , this approach proposes that capacity planning for IT service growth becomes easier and less reactive . If there are spikes in , for example , processing power at a particular time of the day , it proposes analyzing what is happening at that time and make changes to maximize the existing IT infrastructure , for example , tune the application , or move a batch cycle to a quieter period . This foresight from proactive capacity planning identifies : any potential capacity related issues likely to arise and justifies any necessary investment decisions to the business and IT stakeholders i.e. the precise server requirements to accommodate a future growth in IT resource demand , a technology refresh or a data center consolidation . These activities are intended to optimize performance and efficiency , and to plan for and justify financial investments . Capacity management is concerned with : Monitoring the performance and throughput or load on a server , server farm , or property Performance analysis of measurement data , including analysis of the impact of new releases on capacity Performance tuning of activities to ensure the most efficient use of existing infrastructure Understanding the demands on the service and future plans for workload growth ( or shrinkage ) Influences on demand for computing resources Capacity planning of storage , computer hardware , software and connection infrastructure resources required over some future period of time . Capacity management interacts with the discipline of Performance Engineering , both during the requirements and design activities of building a system , and when using performance monitoring as an input for managing capacity of deployed systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f321f6fe744b3540fdfc45c0e100c4da", "text": "Supply management (procurement) The term supply management describes the methods and processes of modern corporate or institutional buying . This may be for the purchasing of supplies for internal use referred to as indirect goods and services , purchasing raw materials for the consumption during the manufacturing process , or for the purchasing of goods for inventory to be resold as products in the distribution and retail process . In many organizations , acquisition or buying of services is called contracting , while that of goods is called purchasing or procurement . The supply management function of an organization is responsible for various aspects of these acquisitions : Working with business leaders who have identified a business need or requirement to identify , source , contract , and procure the needed good or service from qualified suppliers Managing supplier performance Implementing technologies , processes , policies , and procedures to support the purchasing process ( Supplier Relationship Management ) . The supplier relationship management process : a process for providing the structure for how relationships with suppliers will be developed and maintained . Economic theories of supply and demand Supply management is generally regarded as a systematic business process that includes more functions than traditional buying , such as coordinating inbound and internal pre-production logistics and managing inventory . Supply management deals primarily with the oversight and management of materials and services inputs , management of the suppliers who provide those inputs , and support of the process of acquiring those inputs . The performance of supply management departments and supply management professionals is commonly measured in terms of amount of money saved for the organization . However , managing risk is one of the other critical aspects of supply management ; especially the risk of non-availability at the required time of quality goods and services critical for an organization 's survival and growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48470ec84b90cd9e854ea64f1df754af", "text": "Primary ticket outlet Primary ticket outlets are organisations that contract directly with venues and promoters to sell event tickets on their behalf . Event promoters use primary ticket outlets to aid in the promotion of their events and often to manage their ticketing solutions . Primary ticket outlets contrast from secondary ticket outlets/ticket resale in that they have a direct relationship with the owner of a venue or event . The ticketing sector has made a big move into undermining the marketing abilities of the secondary ticketing outlets in order to strengthen the position of the primary ticket outlets as there has been an increase in the number of bogus tickets being bought .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a8870f4eb6bb831c6ea472014d64bc3", "text": "Suppliers and Parts database The Suppliers and Parts database is an example relational database that is referred to extensively in the literature and described in detail in C. J. Date 's `` Introduction '' 8ed . It is a simple database comprising three tables : Supplier , Part and Shipment , and is often used as a minimal exemplar of the interrelationships found in a database . The Supplier relation holds information about suppliers . The SID attribute identifies the supplier , while the other attributes each hold one piece of information about the supplier . The Part relation holds information about parts . Likewise , the PID attribute identifies the part , while the other attributes hold information about the part . The Shipment relation holds information about shipments . The SID and PID attributes identify the supplier of the shipment and the part shipped , respectively . The remaining attribute indicates how many parts where shipped . Referential constraints known as Foreign keys ensure that these attributes can only hold values that are also found in the corresponding attributes in the Supplier and Parts relations . It is assumed that only one shipment exists for each supplier/part pairing , which is n't realistic for real world scenarios . This is intentionally oversimplified for pedagogical purposes , as is the entire database .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b019313527fd1ce5a0579f6c2e1d204f", "text": "Bid and proposal In procurement of goods or services , the Bid and Proposal ( B&P ) are a firm 's plan ( proposal ) and proposed cost ( bid ) for fulfilling the conditions outlined in a Request for Proposal ( RFP ) or other information gathering or supplier contact activity . The development of a bid and proposal takes place early in the procurement process , and the resulting proposal will be subject to review by the purchaser and negotiation between the two parties . Developing a bid and proposal takes place before a contract vehicle is in place , meaning that firms undertake the costly tasks of proposal-writing and cost estimation before they are awarded a contract . Often in official use of these two terms a `` bid '' supposes the limits or scope of work is similar and usually the lowest `` bid '' is awarded work , especially in government contracts . Proposals mean the entity is fully aware the details and scope of work may vary and the work is awarded to the best `` plan '' and NOT the cheapest , lowest price . Quality and quantity are more of a consideration when proposals are taken seriously as opposed to the lowest `` bid '' . Category : Procurement", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "854c2a3acc7891cb2be21d6ef66fe96e", "text": "Academy Awards The Academy Awards , now known officially as the Oscars , is a set of twenty-four awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry , given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the `` Academy Award of Merit '' , which has become commonly known by its nickname `` Oscar '' . The awards , first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel , are overseen by AMPAS . The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953 . It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online . The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony . Its equivalents -- the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music and recording -- are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 89th Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2016 , were held on February 26 , 2017 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7e842e889dc5d38f8e209c230781ecec", "text": "1939 Academy Awards 1939 Academy Awards may refer to : 11th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1939 12th Academy Awards , the 1940 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1939", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8b55fbc959de57831027e30951445ac", "text": "1988 Academy Awards 1988 Academy Awards may refer to : 60th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1988 61st Academy Awards , the 1989 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1988", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b669d0ba5e944cea5535775e81d643bd", "text": "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture This page lists the winners and nominees for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture . This award has been given since 2005 and several films have been nominated for or won the Academy Award for Best Picture . These are listed with a symbol beside them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f883d310b40b902422f5b8bc1fa203b", "text": "Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05ed522fdc8eeafc47ef52785a8b7c53", "text": "1975 Academy Awards 1975 Academy Awards may refer to : 47th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1975 48th Academy Awards , the 1976 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1975", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb15007bd77b150cbccfe2a3492d329", "text": "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f805305fb01cc4ee04e4ead0562090e", "text": "1956 Academy Awards 1956 Academy Awards may refer to : 28th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1956 29th Academy Awards , the 1957 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1956", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60daf5f1da723199ff279dd7db45d14", "text": "1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to : 57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985 58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0336a0d807a705d458f857549cddab0a", "text": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c19a1b45659a9ceafa262a709b49453", "text": "Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) . In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f959f141b192326374a134f254da9b90", "text": "Jeff Ross Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz ( born September 13 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Jeff Ross , is an American stand-up comedian , writer , and actor . His skill in doing high-profile celebrity roasts and his appearances in Comedy Central 's Roasts , have led him to be dubbed `` The Roastmaster General . '' He has appeared in various film , television , and cartoon projects . He has made appearances at events for U.S. soldiers and directed a documentary film covering his experiences touring U.S. bases in Iraq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6f5d2eb662d25a97bd3d447c46ab93", "text": "Crutch (film) Crutch is a 2004 autobiographical coming of age film written and directed by Rob Moretti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f9e1ea2faff80f1f22e9512f519b23", "text": "Republican Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Republican National Convention held from July 13 to July 16 , 1964 , in San Francisco , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be4921a5e860924b1d0d86a987223c87", "text": "Jaron Lowenstein Jaron David Lowenstein ( born March 18 , 1974 ) is an American singer who formerly recorded with his identical twin brother , Evan , in the musical duo Evan and Jaron . As Jaron and the Long Road to Love , he released his debut single , `` Pray for You , '' to country radio in November 2009 . This song reached the Top 15 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts , and is included on the album Getting Dressed in the Dark . The second single , `` That 's Beautiful to Me '' , was released in September 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39dcaf7a053dc372fbc391d4e6b5d693", "text": "1964", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdb17f6a50a39f68de9727f29193cbfb", "text": "Rob Lock Robert `` Rob '' Lock , born May 22 , 1966 in Reedley , California , is a retired professional basketball player and currently a recreational pilot . Rob played collegiate ball with the University of Kentucky ( 1984 -- 1988 ) where he was a solid contributor off the bench and increased his stats every year he played . He entered the 1988 NBA Draft and was picked 51st in the third round by the Los Angeles Clippers ; however , Lock accepted an offer to play in Italy instead . He did eventually return to play for just 20 games with Clippers during the latter part of the 1988-89 NBA season . After retiring from basketball , Lock pursued his childhood dream of becoming a pilot . He is currently the owner of Waldo Wright 's Flying Service where he gives open cockpit rides to visitors in restored vintage biplanes . The family business is based in Polk City , Florida and is currently the largest provider of open cockpit flights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d5f70e233524d849a44f3241d5f336", "text": "Doug Lowenstein Douglas Lowenstein is the founder and former President of the Entertainment Software Association ( ESA ) . He resigned on February 12 , 2007 to head up the newly formed Private Equity Council . Doug started his career as a reporter for The Buffalo Courier Express from 1973-74 . He was awarded the Buffalo newspaper Guild 's Rookie of the Year award in 1974 . He moved to Washington , DC in 1974 to take a position as a reporter for the Capitol Hill News Service . In 1976 , he joined the Cox Newspapers Washington Bureau . After six years at Cox , Lowenstein joined the Senate staff of U.S. Sen. Howard M. Metzenbaum , Democrat of Ohio . He served the last two years of his five-year stint on the Hill as Metzenbaum 's Legislative Director . Doug became the first president of the ESA , then called the Interactive Digital Software Association ( IDSA ) , in June 1994 . Creator and owner of the E3 Tradeshow , the Entertainment Software Rating Board ( ESRB ) , and the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences , the ESA is the only association exclusively dedicated to serving the business and public affairs needs of companies that publish video and computer games , for video game consoles , personal computers , and the Internet . As president , Lowenstein was responsible for the association 's operations and for sector-wide initiatives that affect the nation 's fastest growing entertainment industry . Doug worked cooperatively with parallel industry trade associations including the Video Software Dealers Association ( VSDA ) and Interactive Entertainment Merchants Association ( IEMA ) to defeat hundreds of anti-games legislation across the United States . He was the industry 's go-to person in Washington , D.C. on all legislative matters ranging from piracy to censorship and was frequently called upon as the trade 's spokesperson , representing the software publisher 's perspective . Lowenstein was a very public figure in his service of the games business - along with Patricia Vance , ESRB head and Hal Halpin , IEMA boss - and as such had both his supporters and detractors in the industry and media . Critics were vocal about his passivity with regard to anti-games advocates , most notably Jack Thompson , who repeatedly attacked Lowenstein personally and professionally , even going so far as to liken him to `` Hitler '' . Doug did however , deliver a very pointed speech in his final days in the job which drew the ire of many in the interactive entertainment business . Prior to joining the staff of the ESA , Lowenstein was an Executive Vice President in the Washington , D.C. and New York strategic communications firm Robinson Lake Sawyer Miller , Inc. . From 1986 to 1991 , Lowenstein was a principal in National Strategies , Inc. , a Washington , D.C. public policy consulting firm . In 1982 , he began a five year-stint in the office of U.S. Sen. Howard Metzenbaum ( D-Ohio ) , including two as Legislative Director . From 1976 to 1982 , Lowenstein was a Washington , D.C. correspondent in the Cox Newspapers Washington bureau . Lowenstein is also the author of `` Lowenstein : Acts of Courage and Belief '' about his late uncle , political and civil rights activist and former Congressman Allard Lowenstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56c97f3a44df1fecb001ef0401eb4e0b", "text": "1964 WANFL season The 1964 WANFL season was the 80th season of the various incarnations of the Western Australian National Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc30a881b96f7a498aea6bee5145317", "text": "Bosco Lowe Bosco Lowe ( March 27 , 1943 ) , is a retired NASCAR and ARCA driver who mainly competed in the Busch Grand National Series , now Xfinity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcbcdb90d91c3bb0f7838f07ef6802c", "text": "Rob Green (film director) Rob Green is a film director , producer , editor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e975e07f5c2224072993195d1403f8", "text": "Pepsi Generation The Pepsi Generation was the theme of an advertising campaign for Pepsi-Cola , a U.S. brand of soft drink , that launched in 1963 as the result of a slogan contest . A new car was awarded to the writer of the winning slogan . The contest was the brainchild of Alan Pottasch , a Pepsico advertising executive , and it was won by Appleton , Wisconsin resident , Ellen M. Reimer . Her slogan invited consumers to `` Come Alive ! You 're the Pepsi Generation ! '' The original `` Come Alive '' jingle was performed by singer Joanie Sommers in her memorable `` breathy '' vocal style . Earlier campaigns for Pepsi-Cola had emphasized price competition . Twelve ounce Pepsi bottles gave you twice as much soft drink as six ounce standard Coca-Cola bottles , and Coca-Cola was by far the leading brand of soft drink . Pepsi formerly ran a campaign that featured the jingle : Pepsi-Cola hits the spotTwelve full ounces , that 's a lot!Twice as much for a nickel , tooPepsi-Cola is the drink for you . This 1969 jingle focused on the simple proposition that Pepsi was just as good as Coke , but better value . The Pepsi Generation campaign represented a major shift away from that line of thinking ; rather than being just as good as Coke , Pepsi was different from Coke . The Pepsi Generation and its associated jingle -- You 've got a lot to liveAnd Pepsi 's got a lot to give . told Pepsi drinkers , now enrolled in the Pepsi Generation , that Pepsi-Cola was taking a stand with the `` young '' side of the 1960 era `` generation gap '' . Television ads featuring the campaign typically displayed young people pursuing exotic entertainments like motorcycle or watercycle riding or piloting a windship through a desert , while an announcer described Pepsi drinkers as people who saw the `` young view of things '' . `` Who is the Pepsi Generation ? Livelier , active people with a liking for Pepsi-Cola ! '' Previous Coca-Cola advertisements had featured Norman Rockwell styled images of small towns and nostalgic scenes , as well as traditional figures such as Santa Claus . Pepsi told soft drink consumers that there are Coke people , and there are Pepsi people , and if you 're a Pepsi person you are young , and the future 's on your side . The original lyrics were : There 's a whole new way of livin ` Pepsi helps supply the drive.It 's got a lot to give for those who like to live'Cause Pepsi helps themcome alive.It 's the Pepsi GenerationComin ' at ya , goin ' strong ... Put yourself behind a PepsiWhen you 're livin ... you belong ... You 've got a lot to live ... and Pepsi 's got a lot to give ... You 've got a lot to live ... and Pepsi 's got a lot to give ... This `` image campaign '' inspired Coca-Cola to do a similar `` hip '' campaign in 1971 , `` I 'd Like to Teach the World to Sing ( in Perfect Harmony ) , '' which also sold the lifestyle rather than the soft drink per se . Pottasch , creator of the campaign , said that `` For us to name and claim a whole generation after our product was a rather courageous thing that we were n't sure would take off . '' The `` Pepsi Generation '' was one of the first and best known instances of what came to be known as `` lifestyle marketing '' . It focused on portraying Pepsi drinkers as possessing desirable qualities such as youth , rather than on the characteristics of the product itself . Pottasch said that `` Pepsi was young , spirited , people doing active things -- playing volleyball on the beach ... . but younger we said in mind , in attitude , in feeling . Young in spirit . Young in heart . '' Pottasch repeated the themes of the Pepsi Generation with the 1984 campaign , `` The Choice of a New Generation '' . In 1997 , during Super Bowl XXXI , a sequel campaign featured the theme `` GeneratioNext '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640756ac23b0265fbde14fc6a4838b30", "text": "Teen-Age Strangler Teen-Age Strangler is a 1964 crime drama film , made in Huntington , West Virginia . It exploits the popular concern with Juvenile delinquency of the American Cold War period . It was re-released in black & white in 1990 , resulting in local screenings , newspaper writeups , and cast reunions . It was featured on a Season 5 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) . Actor John Humphreys , who played the role of `` Mikey '' appeared at the MST3K first Conventio-Con in September , 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0bf9908e6da4d118e13d06b0587539b", "text": "1964 Detroit Tigers season The 1964 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball . The team finished fourth in the American League with a record of 85 -- 77 , 14 games behind the New York Yankees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7384c132573ed2180e67eb223f83288a", "text": "Bob Marshall (California politician) Robert `` Bob '' Marshall Sr. ( June 9 , 1934 -- May 8 , 2012 ) was an American politician and real estate agent . Marshall served as the Mayor of San Bruno , California , for several terms from April 1980 to November 1991 . His longtime involvement in San Bruno politics and the regional real estate market earned him the nickname , `` Mr. San Bruno . '' Marshall was born in San Francisco , California , on June 9 , 1934 . He attended Corpus Christi elementary school and graduated from Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory , a Catholic secondary school located in San Francisco 's Cathedral Hill neighborhood . He joined the U.S. Army and was stationed in Korea . Marshall moved to San Bruno , California , in 1959 and opened his real estate company , Marshall Realty , that same year . In addition to his residence in San Bruno , he had a second home in St. Helena , California . Marshall served on the San Bruno city council for twelve years . In 1980 , he began his first term as Mayor of San Bruno . During his tenure , Marshall oversaw the city 's efforts to construct the senior center , which opened in 1990 , earning the facility the nickname `` The House that Bob Built . '' Marshall is also credited with establishing San Bruno 's sister city agreement with Narita , Japan , in 1990 . He remained in the mayor 's office until November 1991 . Outside politics he was named a Realtor Emeritus with the National Association of Realtors . Marshall was a founding member of the Peninsula Bank of Commerce and former President of the North County Board of Realtors and the San Bruno Lions Club . Marshall suffered injuries from a fall on March 30 , 2012 . He died from complications of the accident on May 8 , 2012 , at Peninsula Medical Center in Burlingame , California , at the age of 77 . He was survived by his wife of 54 years , Paula , and their four children . His funeral was held at St. Robert 's Catholic Church in San Bruno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d9796c408b1647ad6bd3d086ba9b024", "text": "Robert Cohen (writer) Robert `` Rob '' Cohen is a Canadian comedy writer and director . He was raised in Calgary , Alberta and has written for The Simpsons , The Wonder Years , The Ben Stiller Show , MADtv , Just Shoot Me ! , Father of the Pride , and American Dad ! . He has worked on The Big Bang Theory as co-executive producer ( 16 episodes ) and writer ( 4 episodes ) . He is the older brother of recurring Simpsons writer Joel H. Cohen . Robert 's writing career has covered every form of TV , from sketch to multi-camera , single-camera and animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228ff30b1e2e14694093ce5ba85e2071", "text": "Rob D'Alton Robert Gordon `` Rob '' D'Alton ( born 22 February 1923 , date of death unknown ) was an Irish sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics . He weighed 150 lbs . ( 68 kg )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e293060334d57aad96602ea2c82efaa8", "text": "Bryan Lowe Bryan Lowe ( 5 November 1925 -- 22 October 2015 ) was an English cricketer . He was a right-handed batsman who played for Cheshire . He was born in Worsley , Salford , Lancashire . Lowe , who had played with the team in the Minor Counties Championship since 1948 , made a single List A appearance for the team , in the 1964 Gillette Cup , against Surrey . From the upper-middle order , he scored a duck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73d42b50b97725d64997d548fe7f8b8b", "text": "Rodney Rowland Rodney G. Rowland ( born February 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is credited as Rod Rowland in more recent productions , given his predilection to being called Rod . Rowland 's most noted appearances to date were as 1st Lieutenant Cooper Hawkes in 1995 's Space : Above and Beyond and P. Wiley in The 6th Day , starring Arnold Schwarzenegger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb321997fad4e9fe51779addb593a66b", "text": "Billboard Top Country Hits: 1964 Billboard Top Country Hits : 1964 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1990 , featuring 10 hit country music recordings from 1964 . Eight of the tracks included on this album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart during 1964 , including the year 's No. 1 song , `` My Heart Skips a Beat '' by Buck Owens . The other two tracks -- `` Chug-A-Lug '' by Roger Miller and `` The Race is On '' by George Jones -- peaked in the Top 5 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a2fd748e9f92e93c87871180dd2f1e9b", "text": "Confessions (Usher album) Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on March 23 , 2004 , by Arista Records . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004 , with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri , alongside with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon , among others . Primarily an R&B album , Confessions showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos , incorporating musical genres of dance-pop , hip hop and crunk . The album 's themes generated controversy about Usher 's personal relationships ; however , the album 's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects his personal story . The album became an instant commercial success in the United States , selling 1.1 million copies in its first week . Its continued success was bolstered by its four chart-topping singles . To begin strategizing of boosting its sales amid threats of bootlegging , the special edition for the album was issued , which includes the hit single , `` My Boo '' ; a duet with Alicia Keys . Despite some mixed criticism towards its lyrical substance , Confessions received mostly positive reviews and earned Usher several awards ; including the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album . The album has been regarded by music writers as Usher 's greatest work , and according to Billboard , is the second best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United States . With over eight million copies sold in 2004 , the album 's commercial success was viewed as a sign of recovering album sales in the US , following three years of decline . It was also exemplary of urban music 's commercial peak and dominance of the Billboard charts in 2004 . Confessions has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and , as of 2016 , has sold over 11 million copies in the US and over 20 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3eb1e39617903d06a666c7c1700fe457", "text": "Half a Confession is a 2004 Japanese film directed by Kiyoshi Sasabe . It was chosen as Best Film at the Japan Academy Prize ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e56b2c88773d1ab78c2ad3496be52e4d", "text": "Confessions and Lamentations `` Confessions and Lamentations '' is an episode from the second season of the science fiction television series Babylon 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b52e3a89bcab26b74b75084167652476", "text": "Confession (law) In the law of criminal evidence , a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person . Some secondary authorities , such as Black 's Law Dictionary , define a confession in more narrow terms , e.g. as `` a statement admitting or acknowledging all facts necessary for conviction of a crime , '' which would be distinct from a mere admission of certain facts that , if true , would still not , by themselves , satisfy all the elements of the offense . The equivalent in civil cases is a statement against interest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890e246a8446f4823092acd416b53728", "text": "Anastacia discography The discography of Anastacia , an American singer-songwriter , consists of six studio albums , twenty two singles , twenty three music videos , and two DVDs . She released her debut album , Not That Kind on June 13 , 2000 . The album reached the top ten in eight countries in Europe and Asia . It went four times platinum in Europe and triple platinum in Australia ; her debut single `` I 'm Outta Love '' was a global smash hit in 1999 topping the charts in Belgium , Australia and New Zealand , peaking at number two in France , Switzerland , Italy and Ireland as well as also reaching number six both in Germany . The second single `` Not That Kind '' reached number 11 in the UK and became a Top 10 hit in Italy . It also entered the Top 20 in Switzerland and France . `` Cowboys & Kisses '' was released as the third single off the album , charting in the top forty in some European countries . As the last promotional only single , `` Made for Lovin ' You '' charted in the UK at number twenty-seven and in France at number seventy-two . Her second album Freak of Nature released in 2001 , achieved successful sales in the U.K. where it went triple platinum as well as being a hit throughout continental Europe , however unlike her debut it did not match the same level of international success . The first single released was `` Paid My Dues '' . The song became an overall hit , in 2001 , peaking in Denmark , Italy , Norway , and Switzerland , and reaching the top ten in several other mainland European countries . The second single , released in 2002 , `` One Day in Your Life '' , reached number eleven in the UK and the top ten in many European countries . The next single `` Why 'd You Lie to Me '' reached the top thirty in the UK . `` You 'll Never Be Alone '' , the fourth single , reached number twenty-eight on the Adult Contemporary chart in the U.S. Anastacia quickly became her most successful album to date , giving her a third consecutive triple platinum album in the U.K. and reaching the top of national charts of Ireland , the Netherlands , Australia , Greece , Germany and other countries . Unlike her first two albums , which were released in her homeland of America , Anastacia was not , despite being scheduled for release on three occasions . The first single , released in March , was `` Left Outside Alone '' , which saw a change in direction for Anastacia . It was one of the biggest songs in Europe of 2004 , reaching number one Austria , Italy , Spain , Switzerland and number two in Denmark , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , Norway and number three in the United Kingdom and Hungary . Overall the song remained at No. 1 on the European Billboards for 15 weeks . The song also peaked in the Australian charts where it went on to become the countries ' second biggest selling single of 2004 . Anastacia released three further internationally successful singles ; `` Sick and Tired '' ( which gave her another number one in Spain and another UK top five single ) , `` Welcome to My Truth '' ( her best-selling hit in Spain ) , and the ballad `` Heavy on My Heart '' proceeds from the sale of which went towards her Anastacia Fund ( a charitable organization providing research funding for breast cancer ) . On July 24 , Anastacia announced that her fourth studio album Heavy Rotation would be released October 27 , 2008 in Europe and Asia ( and elsewhere in 2009 ) . Her fourth studio album proved to be less successful than her previous ones ; her singles failed to reach the top 40 in her most commercially successful country ( UK ) . The album 's first single , called `` I Can Feel You '' , began playing in some radio markets on August 25 , 2008 . The second single from Heavy Rotation was `` Absolutely Positively '' , later served as a promotional single only . The third official single from the album had been confirmed as `` Defeated '' and was released as a promotional single only in Europe without a music video . It 's a Man 's World , a collection of her covers by rock male artists was released on November 9 , 2012 . Anastacia confirmed via her Twitter account that she was currently writing songs for producers , John Fields and Steve Diamond and also , recording her sixth studio album which will return to her own chosen `` sprock '' sound . The album , entitled Resurrection , is to be released in May 2014 with the lead single `` Stupid Little Things '' was released on April 4 and was met with overwhelmingly positive reaction from music critics with MTV 's Brad Stern including it in the 5 Must-Hear Pop Songs of the Week ! stating that it was ` return to form ' from the ` pop princess and proof that Anastacia 's a true survivor ' , after her second battle with breast cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4a0637a29e92de54a3d8f8349a7a5b", "text": "Confessions of a Nice Girl Confessions of a Nice Girl is the third studio album by American country music artist Katie Armiger . It was released by Cold River Records in 2010 . Three singles were released from this album in 2010 : `` Kiss Me Now '' , `` Leaving Home '' and `` Best Song Ever '' , the latter of which is her best charted single to date . It peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2011 . The album was re-released in late 2011 with new bonus tracks , including `` I Do But Do I , '' which served as the album 's fourth single . `` Scream '' was released in October 2011 as the fifth single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b1356770b70388499880e60c68bcc4", "text": "Exposures – In Retrospect and Denial Exposures -- In Retrospect and Denial is a compilation album by the Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity , that was released in 2004 . Disc 1 Tracks 1 and 2 were recorded during the Damage Done sessions in 2002 . Track 1 had been unreleased , and track 2 had been only available on the Japanese version of the album . Disc 1 Tracks 3-5 were recorded during the Haven sessions in 2000 . Tracks 3 and 4 had been unreleased , and track 5 had been only available on the Japanese version of the album . Disc 1 Tracks 6 and 7 were recorded during the Projector sessions in 1998 . Track 6 had been available on the limited digipak edition of the album , and track 7 was on a Limited Edition of this album . Disc 1 Tracks 8 and 9 were taken from the A Moonclad Reflection EP ( 1992 ) . Disc 1 Tracks 10-12 were taken from the Trail of Life Decayed demo ( 1991 ) . Some early versions of the release for Disc 1 , have the tracks 3 & 4 and 6 & 7 flipped or misprinted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffde28c0123d20a9f1adc17c984386", "text": "Confessions (Lecrae song) `` Confessions '' , styled `` Confe $ $ ions '' , is a Christian hip hop song by Lecrae from his album Gravity , released on September 4 , 2012 . Lyrically , the song critiques the pursuit of wealth and expresses the emptiness and lack of peace that comes with materialism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04682e02c4e4c10ef7f2123d7e529c09", "text": "Confessions of a Gambler Confessions of a Gambler is a 2007 film that depicts a woman 's struggles in life , and how she turns to gambling and later becomes addicted . It is based on a true story and is written by the lead actor , Rayda Jacobs . The book on which it is based won The Sunday Times Fiction Prize in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6440fb15d77625f15a1f50ec778963e", "text": "Testify (P.O.D. album) Testify is the sixth studio album by American recording group P.O.D. . It was originally set for a December 2005 release but finally slated for January 24 , 2006 by Atlantic Records . This is P.O.D. 's first major-label album not produced by Howard Benson . The full album was leaked to file-sharing networks on January 20 , 2006 , just four days before its release . It was also their last album with Jason Truby on guitar , before he left the band in December 2006 . This album was also available in the Testify ( Limited Edition ) version with a bonus CD ( called Beyond Testify ) featuring commentary by the band on every song on the album , as well as four bonus songs and a remix that did n't make the album . The album 's first single , `` Goodbye for Now , '' went on to become the No. 1 music video on MTV 's TRL and became P.O.D. 's unprecedented 4th No. 1 video . The song also enjoyed heavy play on the radio . Testify became the No. 1 selling Christian album on Billboard for several weeks and , as of May 2006 , had been in the Top 25 for a total of 16 weeks . It opened at No. 9 on the Billboard 200 with 58,000 scans and has sold over 210,000 copies in the US and over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a96fc2a6f001440e2536e8e6b7c1362", "text": "Family Secrets (TV series) Family Secrets is a television documentary series which premiered in February 2003 , created and produced by Maureen Judge . The 30 minute episodes featured raw , compelling and honest accounts of the impact of secrets on families and their lives . The show used a mix of fly-on-the-wall style observational scenes , informal interviews , home movies , and other material . Each episode features a different family , taking viewers on an intensely personal , humorously nervous and emotionally moving journey into the private world of family relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f60c6dce93d0235d6313a4116643e0b8", "text": "Taxicab Confessions Taxicab Confessions is a television series of hidden camera documentaries that have aired on HBO since January 1995 . In segments taped in New York City and Las Vegas , the taxi drivers are also producers who steer both the vehicle and the conversations with passengers . When passengers enter the cab , they are recorded with several small cameras hidden in the taxi . The producer prompts passengers into discussing their past and/or present circumstances . This has led some participants to reflect on their life , recalling extreme tragedies or triumphs . Much is verbally or visually graphic , including explicit sex talk and sex acts performed in the back seat . At the end of the taxi ride , passengers are asked to sign waivers allowing the hidden camera footage to be used on the program , and footage of this revelation is sometimes seen during the closing credits . Separating the segments are short video montages showing life in the city , incorporating quick cuts of club interiors , flashing neon signage , strippers and the homeless , along with the series theme music , `` Over the Rainbow '' by Me First and the Gim me Gimmes . The series originated in New York , moved to Las Vegas and in recent years returned to New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de84f77fd01b804145e95decfad9f20c", "text": "True Confessions Tour True Confessions Tour was a concert tour by Bob Dylan and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers . A concert video , Hard to Handle , filmed in Sydney , Australia on February 24 and 25 was directed by Gillian Armstrong . The HBO Special was released on Virgin Music VHS in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68c076b56faa585cefe8b05c984d950c", "text": "One Lie Fits All One Lie Fits All is the third album from One Minute Silence . It was released on 7 July 2003 . Produced by John Leckie , it was the band 's last album before they announced their breakup in October 2003 and never enjoyed a supporting tour , unlike the two EP 's ( Revolution and We Bounce - a two part single for `` I Wear My Skin '' was also released ) which came during the anticipation for the album release . The album was a marked progression from their previous rap metal style displayed on Available In All Colours ( and to a lesser degree Buy Now ... Saved Later which was quite similar in its toned down , more mellow vibe ) the sound was much more refined and reflective in places . Although the album still had its epic tracks which the band were known for , especially live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5044a76dafa144a2f22b8351deba60", "text": "AC4 AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå , Sweden . Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time . In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse . Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward ( 1987-1991 ) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors . The `` AC '' in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located . The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th , 2008 . In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube . It got on Kerrang 's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week . They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008 . In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén 's label Ny Våg . In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden , as well as Norway , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , Austria , France , Italy , England and Wales . They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 '' EP in Europe , a special 7 '' for Australia only and the debut album came out in America . AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18 . To promote their Australian tour in April , 2011 , Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press , including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox . While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled `` A few minutes with AC4 '' was filmed , along with a promotional video for the song `` Wo n't Bow Down '' from their debut album . In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson ( DS-13 ) and that the recording of a second album had begun . The album `` Burn The World '' was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. . . The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour . A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4 , but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b10a100e44bf8bd4b835b271889e5", "text": "The Fourth World War The Fourth World War is a 2003 feature film directed by Richard Rowley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99798e089e9322d778f46d2be4286193", "text": "Gay SG Confessions Created on 14 February 2013 in the footsteps of a host of popular `` confessions '' pages hosted on Facebook , Gay SG Confessions is a Singapore-based LGBT-focused confessions page that hosts a collection of anonymous user-contributed personal stories regarding gay issues such as coming out to family and friends , dealing with social acceptance and rejection , sexual health and emotional well-being education as well as gay relationship troubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584f9e54ead3b287382f37bcf9969145", "text": "Bells of Innocence Bells of Innocence is 2003 Christian film directed by Alin Bijan and written by Chris Bessey . It stars son-father actors Mike and Chuck Norris , David A. R. White , Marshall R. Teague , and Chuck 's real-life granddaughter Gabby Di Ciolli ( Mike 's niece , who uses her father 's last name ) as `` Lyric '' . It was released on April 6 , 2003 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1e81bf724357fd08fff230b61b66195", "text": "The Casual Fiasco The Casual Fiasco is an American band that was active from 2003-2007 . The band 's beginnings can be traced to St. Lawrence University in Canton , New York , where Reilly and Read went to school together . While completing their undergraduate degrees , they began writing songs and playing at small , local venues such as the Tick Tock Inn and the Glass Onion as an acoustic duo , eventually incorporating friends on bass , drums and keyboards to round out their sound . During Reilly 's senior year , the band began a heavy touring schedule that included many northeast colleges and universities , where the band began to build an underground following . While in school , the band self-financed two records ; `` The Casual Fiasco , '' affectionately referred to by early fans as `` The Black Album , '' a play off of Phish 's `` The White Tape , '' was released in 2003 . `` Prototype '' was released in 2004 , which features several of the songs that would become popular in later years , including `` Down on Sunday , `` Feather '' and `` Prototype . '' When Read and Reilly decided to move to Burlington , Vermont after graduation , they teamed up with Josh Cleaver on bass and Joshua Pfeil on drums and percussion and the true incarnation of The Casual Fiasco was born . The group quickly became the house band at the legendary Nectar 's , a mid-sized venue in Burlington that was once home to the popular jam-band Phish , tightening their sound and beginning work on what would become their defining EP , `` Body Over Mind , '' with Grammy Nominated producer Jack Gauthier . The release of the EP marked a turning point for the band , as several tracks were picked up by college and independent radio , including `` Head Up , '' `` Mint Condition , '' `` Too Much Too Fast , '' and `` Need my Fill . '' The band played 150 concerts in 2005 , building a following and drawing larger and larger crowds to venues that included Higher Ground ( Burlington ) , The Knitting Factory ( New York City ) and The Paradise ( Boston ) . The band also ventured outside of the Northeast for the first time , touring the south and sharing bills with acts that include State Radio and Grace Potter and the Nocturnals , among others . The Fiasco also continued to build a college following , performing at dozens of universities over the course of the year . The band 's increased success lead to even more extensive touring during 2006 , performing over 180 dates and headlining venues from Maine to Florida and thru the Midwest . Now a Northeast club and university mainstay , the band was headlining prestigious concert halls and sharing bills with their heroes . The Casual Fiasco played 85 shows in 2007 , hanging up their instruments during July of that year , largely due to exhaustion . Over the course of 4.5 years The Casual Fiasco played nearly 700 concerts , logged over 250,000 miles on their van , and entertained tens of thousands of concert goers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e39c309466c5a1432551f80db6a3ec08", "text": "Levi Miller Levi Zane Miller ( born 30 September 2002 ) is an Australian actor and model . Levi was the leading actor in his major film debut the 2015 film Pan , starring as the well known Peter Pan . Previously , he appeared in the film A Heartbeat Away ( 2012 ) and in short films such as Akiva ( 2010 ) and Great Adventures ( 2012 ) . One of Levi 's more recent roles was in the movie Red Dog : True Blue where he played Mick . In 2015 , he was named ambassador for Polo , the Ralph Lauren kids ' fall campaign . Levi plays Charlie Bucktin in the film adaptation of Australian novel Jasper Jones ( 2017 ) . Levi is confirmed to be playing Calvin O'Keefe in the American fantasy adventure A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 ) , which is scheduled to premiere on April 6 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eafb39c2b31cadb8cd7c3917c1333544", "text": "Captain Hook Captain James Hook is a fictional character , the antagonist of J. M. Barrie 's play Peter Pan ; or , the Boy Who Would n't Grow Up and its various adaptations , in which he is Peter Pan 's archenemy . The character is a pirate captain of the brig Jolly Roger ; Barrie identifies him as Blackbeard 's former bo ` sun . His two principal fears are the sight of his own blood ( supposedly an unnatural colour ) and the crocodile who pursues him after eating the hand cut off by Pan . An iron hook replaced his severed hand , which gave the pirate his name . After getting a taste of Hook , the crocodile pursues him relentlessly , but the ticking clock it has swallowed warns Hook of its presence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2484e231fa3836a078821addfbc6f09", "text": "Peter Linz Peter Linz ( born June 28 , 1967 ) is an American puppeteer . His most prominent role is being the performer for the character Walter who was introduced in the 2011 feature film The Muppets. , and Herry Monster from Sesame Street in 2017 . Linz recounts receiving the role as his favorite ; `` Apart from my wedding day and birth of my children , being cast as Walter was one of the greatest moments of my life . I was beyond happiness . '' He has performed many characters on children 's television shows : perhaps some of his best known performing roles are Snook in It 's a Big Big World , Tutter in Bear in the Big Blue House and Theo Lion in Between the Lions , though he has also performed in Blue 's Room , Sesame Street , and The Puzzle Place . Linz also performed in the Broadway musical Avenue Q.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40fe62f29194ceace83b3124bb649ea9", "text": "Pollyanna (1960 film) Pollyanna is a 1960 Walt Disney Productions feature film , starring child actress Hayley Mills , Jane Wyman , Karl Malden , and Richard Egan , in a story about a cheerful orphan changing the outlook of a small town . Based on the novel Pollyanna ( 1913 ) by Eleanor Porter , the film was written and directed by David Swift . The film marks Mills 's first of six films for Disney , and it won the actress an Academy Juvenile Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dea715a1bd1eecb7a565ddf9af81824", "text": "Never Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark , Cathleen Nesbitt , John Castle , and Anne Seymour . It is named after Neverland , the magical setting of the classic children 's tales of Peter Pan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02a4900a2c5756707329d91f4a50df2a", "text": "El Mono relojero El Mono relojero is a 1938 Argentine animated short film directed by Quirino Cristiani . It is the only film from this director that exists up to this day , since all his other productions ( including the first two animated feature films , El Apóstol ( 1917 ) and Sin dejar rastros ( 1918 ) , as well as the first animated film with sound , Peludópolis ( 1931 ) ) were lost in a series of fires at the facilities where the negatives and copies were stored ; Sin dejar rastros was confiscated on the day of its premiere , and is believed to have been immediately destroyed . El mono relojero was saved from the fires because , by chance , the author of its script Constancio C. Vigil had a copy of his own . The film premiered in Buenos Aires . It was intended to be the first of a series of animated adaptations of the children 's books written by Vigil , but differences between him and Quirino Cristiani , who possessed a willful streak , prevented the production of subsequent installments . El mono relojero was not especially representative of the filmography of Quirino Cristiani . The film 's themes and style were clearly Vigil 's , and it was one of the few directed by Cristiani to lack the element of political satire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5c53db67b4fc17ab2c1a5797f45db20", "text": "Ludwig Satz Ludwig Satz ( 18 February 1891 -- 31 August 1944 ) was an actor in Yiddish theater and film , best known for his comic roles . A 1925 New York Times article singles him out as the greatest Yiddish comic actor of the time . He was born in Lemberg ( Lwów ) , Austria-Hungary ( now Lviv , Ukraine ) . At the age of 18 he formed his own theater company in Galicia ; he emigrated to the U.S. in 1912 . Satz played the male lead in the 1931 film His Wife 's Lover ( Zayn Vaybs Lubovnik ) , which was billed as the `` first Jewish musical comedy talking picture '' . He also played on Broadway , one of his more noted roles being Abe Potash in the 1926 Potash and Perlmuter of A. H. Woods . He starred in A Galitsianer Khasene ( A wedding in Galitsia ) ( music by Herman Wohl , lyrics Boris Rozenthal ) with Zina Goldstein and in Ven di zun geyt oyf ( Sunrise ) with Ola Lilith . His last role was in The Golden Land at the Public Theatre in 1943 . He died in New York City in 1944 survived by his widow , Lillie ; three daughters ( Celia , Mimi , and Frances ) ; two brothers , Alexander and Eli , `` an actor known professionally as Eli Mintz . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cc87b466bb41090dedf07d9cf3468c8", "text": "Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures , the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie . It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan , Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook , Mary Brian as Wendy , and Virginia Browne Faire as Tinker Bell . Anna May Wong , a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress , played the Indian princess Tiger Lily .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab95991e9dc4a115befbd18761171d40", "text": "Playful Pan Playful Pan is a Silly Symphonies animated Disney short film . It was released in December 27 , 1930 by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce8ecf8dbbb831cf2bee13d4b66cc8a", "text": "Wonderland (2013 film) Wonderland ( -LSB- פלאות , Plaot -RSB- , lit . Wonders ) , also known as The Wonders is an Israeli film directed by Avi Nesher was released in 2013 . This is a comic thriller which is a tribute to the film noir genre . In the film stands the figure of a young man known as Bunny , which opens the door to a private investigator for observation The flat opposite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f325dafbe68f6d52c4ef76b226036f3", "text": "Georges Méliès filmography Georges Méliès ( 1861 -- 1938 ) was a French filmmaker and magician generally regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film . He made about 520 films between 1896 and 1912 , covering a range of genres including trick films , fantasies , comedies , advertisements , satires , costume dramas , literary adaptations , erotic films , melodramas , and imaginary voyages . His works are often considered as important precursors to further developments in modern narrative cinema , though some recent academicians have argued that Méliès 's films are better understood as spectacular theatrical creations rooted in the 19th-century féerie tradition . After attending the first demonstration of the Lumière Brothers ' Kinetoscope in December 1895 , he bought a film projector from the British film experimenter Robert W. Paul and began using it to project short films at his theater of illusions , the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , in Paris . Having studied the principles on which Paul 's projector ran , Méliès was able to modify the machine so that it could be used as a makeshift camera . He began making his own short films with it in May 1896 , founded the Star Film Company in the same year , and built his own studio in Montreuil , Seine-Saint-Denis in 1897 . His films A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) , The Kingdom of the Fairies ( 1903 ) , and The Impossible Voyage ( 1904 ) were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century , and Méliès built a second studio , complete with artificial light fittings , in 1907 . However , various factors ( American film piracy , price standardizations prescribed in 1908 by the Motion Picture Patents Company , and the waning popularity of fanciful magic films chief among them ) led eventually to Méliès 's financial ruin and the closing of his studio . His last films were made under the supervision of the rival filmmaker Charles Pathé , and in 1922 -- 23 Méliès sold his studios , closed the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , and discarded his own collection of his negative and positive prints . In 1925 he began selling toys and candy from a stand in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris . Thanks to the efforts of film history devotées , especially René Clair , Jean George Auriol , and Paul Gilson , Méliès and his work were rediscovered in the late 1920s , and he was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1931 . In the list below , Méliès 's films are numbered according to their order in the catalogues of the Star Film Company . In Méliès 's numbering system , films were listed and numbered according to their order of production , and each catalogue number denotes about 20 meters of film ( thus , for example , A Trip to the Moon , at about 260 meters long , is listed as # 399 -- 411 ) . The original French release titles , as well as the original titles used in the US and UK versions of the Star Film catalogues , are listed in the body of the filmography ; notable variant titles are provided in smaller text . The parenthetical descriptive subtitles used in the catalogues ( e.g. scène comique ) are also provided whenever possible . Films directed by Méliès but not originally released by the Star Film Company ( such as The Coronation of Edward VII , released by Charles Urban , or The Conquest of the Pole , released by Pathé Frères ) are also included . Where available , the list also includes information on whether each film survives , survives in fragmentary form , or is presumed lost . Unless otherwise referenced , the information presented here is derived from the 2008 filmography prepared by Jacques Malthête , augmented by filmographies prepared in the 1970s by Paul Hammond and John Frazer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "312dd4016f3527cbf890754ac96b3f92", "text": "The Boy Who Could Fly (2015 film) The Boy Who Could Fly is a 2015 American live-action fantasy film directed by Julian Sol Jordan . The film is a adaptation of Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Felix Delaughter , Oscar Delaughter , Julius Delaughter , and Julian Jordan as Peter Pan . It serves as a Peter Pan adaptation about one of Peter Pan 's Lost Boys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170b70857de7cef358fc7ec37b3dba99", "text": "Peter Corry Peter Corry is a Northern Irish singer , director , producer and actor . As a performer Corry has been cast in productions of Cosi fan tutte , as Guglielmo , The Marriage of Figaro as Figaro , Sweeney in `` Sweeney Todd , the Demon Barbour of Fleet Street '' Andrew in `` On Eagles Wing '' , Jamie in `` The Last 5 Years '' , Anatoly in `` Chess '' , in The Beggars Opera he played Captain Macheath and Ignati in `` The Crocodile '' . He performed as Dean Martin in The Rat Pack , starred in Night of 1,000 Stars at the Royal Albert Hall and performed in The Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber . He sang `` Bring Him Home '' and `` The Long and Winding Road '' at George Best 's funeral . In 2006 , he featured in Washington on St Patrick 's Day and performed at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas , Nevada . Corry tours The Netherlands regularly . His shows there have included `` The Magical Rhythms of Ireland '' , `` Celtic Rhythms '' `` Irish Christmas '' and `` Peter Corry in Concert '' . He spent three years playing Inspector Javert , in the West End , and the UK tour of the Schonberg and Boubil 's , Les Misérables . Corry has presented his own TV series , The Peter Corry Show with BBC Northern Ireland and has hosted several radio series for BBC Radio Ulster including two series of `` Showtunes '' . He starred in `` On Eagles Wing '' for PBS Television USA and `` The Voice Within - Songs of Hope '' RTE Television . He acted as a mentor in `` Jam the Musical '' for RTE Television . He produced Les Misérables at Belfast 's Odyssey Arena , at the time the largest production to be staged . Corry 's production company , ` PC Productions '' also staged `` One Enchanted Evening '' and `` The Night of 1000 Voices '' at the Odyssey Arena starring David Essex , the cast of `` Riverdance '' and Sir James Galway . PC Productions produced the `` Making a Difference '' Awards for the Belfast Telegraph and the `` 40 years Celebration of Mary Peters '' both at the Grand Opera House Belfast . The latter featured among others Sir Steve Redgrave , Dame Kelly Holmes , Daley Thompson , Jane Torvill , Sue Barker , Eamonn Holmes , Barry Douglas and Van Morrison . In 2016 he produced `` The Red Velvet Cabaret '' tour and `` Twilight at the Trust '' at Mount Stewart stately home Northern Ireland . He has directed productions of `` Annie Get Your Gun '' , `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' , `` Oklahoma ! '' . A USA tour of `` Celtic Rhythms '' and European tours of `` Irish Wings '' and `` The Magic of the Tenors '' . In 2014 he staged a new show called `` Spectacular , Spectacular '' which toured Ireland . He has also directed youth productions of `` The Producers '' , `` Oklahoma ! '' and `` Les Miserables '' . At the Edinburgh Playhouse he directed `` Into the Woods '' and `` Oliver ! '' as well as Perform Boot Camps production of `` Cats '' at the SSE Arena Belfast . Since 2009 he has produced , directed and hosted the popular Belfast Christmas Spectacular `` The Music Box '' ( 2009-2016 ) Peter Corry has recorded 11 solo albums and 4 production albums . Discography Peter Corry in Concert Lullaby My Heart Goes On My Lagan Love Broadway and Beyond Irish Night My Christmas Your Christmas Sounds of the Soul Peter Corry Keeping the Dream Alive Ellis Island Here Stands a Man Show Albums The Voice Within On Eagles Wing Celtic Rhythms Celtic Nights", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16c7c3689ca9c98b9cb137fe15a5e14", "text": "The Nutcracker Prince The Nutcracker Prince is a 1990 Canadian animated romantic fantasy film made by Lacewood Productions and released by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It was directed by Paul Schibli . The film was based on the story The Nutcracker and the Mouse King by E. T. A. Hoffmann and also influenced by its ballet adaptation The Nutcracker . Tchaikovsky 's music to that ballet is used as the main instrumental soundtrack . The film centers on a young man named Hans who is transformed into a nutcracker by mice , and can only break the spell if he slays the Mouse King and wins the heart of a girl named Clara . The film features the voice talents of Kiefer Sutherland as Hans ( The Nutcracker ) , Megan Follows as Clara , Mike MacDonald as the evil Mouseking , Peter O'Toole as Pantaloon , an old soldier , Phyllis Diller as the Mousequeen , and Peter Boretski as Uncle Drosselmeier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5ceaf3ae58849cf2f5f5a52a820df9c", "text": "Mark Lester Mark Lester ( born Mark A. Letzer ; 11 July 1958 ) is an English former child actor known for playing the title role in the 1968 musical film version of Oliver ! and starring in a number of other British and European films of the 1960s and 1970s and in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "962079ace501540e73afc3fbe7d95ae4", "text": "The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film) The Adventures of Pinocchio is a 1996 American fantasy adventure film based on Carlo Collodi 's original novel of the same name co-written and directed by Steve Barron . Barron collaborated with Sherry Mills , Tom Bender and Barry Berman on the screenplay . The film was an American , British , French , Czech and German venture produced by New Line Cinema , The Kushner-Locke Company , Savoy Pictures , Pangaea Holdings and Twin Continental Films . The film stars Martin Landau , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Rob Schneider , Udo Kier , Bebe Neuwirth , David Doyle and Geneviève Bujold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a86eb18f4d0b05fcb21c4927f2ac1047", "text": "Breaking Bad Breaking Bad is an American crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan . The show originally aired on the AMC network for five seasons , from January 20 , 2008 , to September 29 , 2013 . It tells the story of Walter White ( Bryan Cranston ) , a struggling high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer . Together with his former student Jesse Pinkman ( Aaron Paul ) , White turns to a life of crime , producing and selling crystallized methamphetamine to secure his family 's financial future before he dies , while navigating the dangers of the criminal world . The title is from a Southern colloquialism meaning to `` raise hell '' . Breaking Bad is set and was filmed in Albuquerque , New Mexico . Walter 's family consists of his wife Skyler ( Anna Gunn ) and children , Walter , Jr. ( RJ Mitte ) and Holly ( Elanor Anne Wenrich ) . The show also features Skyler 's sister Marie Schrader ( Betsy Brandt ) , and her husband Hank ( Dean Norris ) , a Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) agent . Walter hires lawyer Saul Goodman ( Bob Odenkirk ) , who connects him with private investigator and fixer Mike Ehrmantraut ( Jonathan Banks ) and in turn Mike 's employer , drug kingpin Gus Fring ( Giancarlo Esposito ) . The final season introduces the characters Todd Alquist ( Jesse Plemons ) and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle ( Laura Fraser ) . Breaking Bad is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time . By the time the series finale aired , the series was among the most-watched cable shows on American television . The show received numerous awards , including sixteen Primetime Emmy Awards , eight Satellite Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two Peabody Awards , two Critics ' Choice Awards , and four Television Critics Association Awards . For his leading performance , Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times , while Aaron Paul won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series three times ; Anna Gunn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series twice . In 2013 , Breaking Bad entered the Guinness World Records as the most critically acclaimed show of all time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5b4e1bfeb8222c0afd46b1bf7de887dc", "text": "Bryan Fuller Bryan Fuller ( born July 27 , 1969 ) is an American screenwriter and television producer . Fuller has worked exclusively as a writer/producer in television , creating a number of critically acclaimed television series , including Dead Like Me , Wonderfalls , Pushing Daisies , Hannibal , and American Gods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "592511220b489c341b9593d9f6547c41", "text": "John Amos John A. Amos , Jr. ( born December 27 , 1939 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as James Evans , Sr. on the CBS television series Good Times ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Amos ' other television work includes roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show , the miniseries Roots , for which he received an Emmy nomination , and a recurring role as Admiral Percy Fitzwallace on The West Wing . Amos also played the father of Will Smith 's character 's girlfriend , Lisa Wilkes , in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and he had a recurring role on In the House with LL Cool J , as Coach Sam Wilson . Amos played the Father of Tommy Strawn ( Thomas Mikal Ford ) on the long running sitcom , Martin , as Sgt. Strawn , and another recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Chelsea 's dad 's new lover . Amos also played Major Grant , the US Special forces officer in Die Hard 2 . Amos has also appeared on Broadway and in numerous films in a career that spans four decades . He has received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and NAACP Image Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4fa67d5fe94bda2a67255bb3ab56896", "text": "List of ER episodes ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . Over the course of the series , 331 episodes aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ea579ffb5c389dc5ae5ae57ada2fa5", "text": "Gray Matter (Breaking Bad) `` Gray Matter '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad . Written by Patty Lin and directed by Tricia Brock , it aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on February 24 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ce7e8dc6e93a6465697e93bccf9c2e", "text": "Broken Badges Broken Badges is an American-Canadian police drama that aired on CBS from November 24 , 1990 to December 22 , 1990 and in June 1991 . The series was co-created by Stephen J. Cannell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c669b845dc45282329b6c31af3af07", "text": "New York Emmy Awards The New York Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences honoring those in television and advanced media in the tri-state New York-New Jersey-Connecticut and New York State . The division was founded in 1955 and in addition to granting the New York Emmy Awards , the chapter also recognizes awards scholarships , honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration , has a free research and a nationwide job bank . The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba10fd26a1156eb4d81ef5b98a9cca7", "text": "Face Off (Breaking Bad) `` Face Off '' is the thirteenth episode and season finale of the fourth season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad , and the 46th overall episode of the series . It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 9 , 2011 . TV Guide named `` Face Off '' as one of the best episodes in all of television in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b972cd81e1f0f07895719d32ffb17a2a", "text": "My Name Is Earl (season 4) The fourth and final season of My Name Is Earl originally aired from September 25 , 2008 to May 14 , 2009 on NBC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5c8f607317733db1ae881aa30e8ac2a", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction is awarded to one television series or special each year . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d016f32b88883325641b151862ad4673", "text": "Justified (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series Justified premiered on January 8 , 2013 , on FX , and concluded on April 2 , 2013 , consisting of 13 episodes . The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard 's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story `` Fire in the Hole '' . Its main character is Raylan Givens , a deputy U.S. Marshal . Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens , a tough federal lawman , enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown . The series is set in the city of Lexington , Kentucky , and the hill country of eastern Kentucky , specifically in and around Harlan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a185fd8e9a157cb9ff130ad268ad77f9", "text": "Walker, Texas Ranger Walker , Texas Ranger is an American action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis . It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade , with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division . The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993 , with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes . Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25 , 1993 , to May 19 , 2001 , and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28 , 2001 . It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire . The movie ended on a cliffhanger , which was never resolved . DVD sets of all seasons have been released ( with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season ) . At various times since 1997 , reruns of the show have aired , in syndication , on the USA Network and Action in Canada . Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action , WGN America , INSP and Grit . The series was noted for its moralistic style . The characters refrained from the use of drugs , and they participated in community service . Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31ef278e3a4a5e75e38b5b9536cf7b06", "text": "Bryan Dattilo Bryan Ronald Dattilo ( born July 29 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Lucas Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3ddcc53bf765cc5db77cf87faca0fd3", "text": "Bad Luck (Grimm) `` Bad Luck '' is the 14th episode of season 4 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 80th episode overall , which premiered on March 20 , 2015 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith and was directed by Terrence O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "677ff581a182b3c0635ae4cbb9f2e054", "text": "Cold Case (season 4) Season four of Cold Case , an American television series , began airing on September 24 , 2006 and concluded on May 6 , 2007 . Season four regular cast members include Kathryn Morris , Danny Pino , John Finn , Thom Barry , Jeremy Ratchford and Tracie Thoms . This is the only season of the series to feature 24 episodes . During this season before the season finale `` Stalker '' , Danny Pino guest starred as his character Scotty Valens in an episode of CSI : NY , also produced by Jerry Bruckheimer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997961f2d4b71de17f7f1766a1e3746a", "text": "Saul Goodman James Morgan `` Jimmy '' McGill , also known as Saul Goodman , is a fictional attorney who appears in the television series Breaking Bad and serves as the title character of its spin-off prequel series Better Call Saul . He is portrayed by Bob Odenkirk , and was created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "862cef0d17843b0761328738da0fa58b", "text": "T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm ( born September 30 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name T-Pain , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer from Tallahassee , Florida . His debut album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , was released in 2005 . In 2007 , T-Pain released his second album Epiphany , which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . His third album , Thr33 Ringz , was released in 2008 . T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles , including `` I 'm Sprung '' , `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , `` Bartender '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' , `` 5 O'Clock '' and more . T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards , alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively . T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment , established in 2005 . Throughout his career as a singer , T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect , used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds . From 2006 to 2010 , T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles , his most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida 's debut single `` Low '' , which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a96f2e972590cd1956fd525f33f19775", "text": "Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c49f0822c2ebcd4d5943dedd655000d", "text": "WiseUp & Co. WiseUp & Co. is an American record label founded by hip hop artist Sylvan LaCue in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb437fd528ea5349041c0b68473f9195", "text": "Priority Records Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for many highly successful artists including Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , Dr. Dre , Ice-T , Jay-Z , Mack 10 , Master P , Mia X , Mystikal , N.W.A , Snoop Dogg , Silkk the Shocker & Westside Connection amongst others . It also distributed many highly successful hip hop record labels including Death Row Records , Hoo-Bangin ' Records , No Limit Records , Posthuman Records , Rap-A-Lot Records , Rawkus Records , Roc-A-Fella Records , Ruthless Records & Wu-Tang Records amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "233875c6a4b5d4f6c71aa2c1296a3439", "text": "Immortal Technique Felipe Andres Coronel ( born February 19 , 1978 ) , better known by the stage name Immortal Technique , is an American hip hop recording artist and activist . Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics . His lyrics are largely commentary on issues such as politics , socialism , class struggle , poverty , religion , government , imperialism , economics and institutional racism . Immortal Technique has aims to retain control over his production , and has stated in his music that record companies , not artists themselves , profit the most from mass production and marketing of music . He claimed in an interview to have sold close to a combined total of 200,000 copies of his first three official releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09fbccc09e0845225133080fba22f31d", "text": "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos . On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide . In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd8c6a41af1649bf715cfe01ec1c574", "text": "Chrysalis Records Chrysalis Records -LSB- ˈkrɪ.sə.lɪs -RSB- is a British record label that was created in 1969 . The name was both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders ' names , Chris Wright and Terry Ellis . It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c845dc4e52a1fac256860844007f028d", "text": "TMS (production team) TMS are an English songwriting and record production team composed of Tom ` Froe ' Barnes , Ben Kohn and Peter ` Merf ' Kelleher , originating from West London . They are the writing/production team behind G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha 's `` Me , Myself & I '' , Jess Glynne 's `` Do n't Be So Hard On Yourself '' , Sigma 's `` Changing '' , Professor Green 's `` Read All About It '' , Emeli Sandé 's `` Read All About It , Pt . III '' , Little Mix 's `` Wings '' and Dappy 's `` No Regrets '' which on 25 September 2011 , became the eleventh homegrown chart topper in a row , eclipsing a record set in 1963 when UK artists held the number one spot for an uninterrupted run of ten singles . Their records played major roles in Sandé and Little Mix breaking chart records , the former in the UK ( the longest ever stay in the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart ) and the latter in the US ( first album from British girl group to go straight into US album chart top 5 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3be21f6f6b6bd4bcd60c40d247d3f65", "text": "Freeze (T-Pain song) `` Freeze '' is the third and final single from R&B singer T-Pain from his third album , Thr33 Ringz . The song features singer Chris Brown . The song was released on iTunes on October 10 and was added to T-Pain 's MySpace on October 17 . A version that features Omarion was originally on the album , but was changed to Chris Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2472e27f15d31dba441e436fa46b50e", "text": "Perspective Records Perspective Records was an American record label , launched in 1991 by the producing team Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , through a joint venture with A&M Records -- which Jam & Lewis had had a prosperous working relationship with throughout the 1980s , with several of its major acts including Janet Jackson , The Human League , and label founder Herb Alpert . Acts on Perspective 's roster included Bobby Ross Avila , Smooth , Mint Condition , Lo-Key , Solo , Sounds of Blackness , Young Zee , and Ann Nesby . From 1993 to 1996 , A&M Records released most of its own urban acts through Perspective . In 1997 , Jam and Lewis resigned as the label 's CEOs , but remained consultants . Over the next year , Perspective continued to release recordings by the current artists for the sake of fulfilling contractual obligations with them . The company was dismantled , and absorbed into A&M Records , in early 1999 -- per the merger of A&M 's PolyGram parent and Universal Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a949a071d3871d9692790b7145539220", "text": "B-Unique Records B-Unique Records is a London-based record label , and publishing company founded in 2001 by Mark Lewis and Martin Toher . B-Unique 's current roster includes John Newman , Kodaline , James Bay , The Mispers , Darlia , Benjamin Francis Leftwich , Luke Sital Singh , Port Isla and artists and writers Ian Broudie , Samuel Preston , John Power , Liam O'Donnell , Jonny Coffer , Anders Grahn , Grace Tither , James Flannigan and Ralph Pelleymounter . Other bands include Kaiser Chiefs , The Twang , The Automatic , The Ordinary Boys and Aqualung . Also released on the label to critical acclaim : Primal Scream , Fenech Soler , Mull Historical Society , Leaves , Alkaline Trio , Hot Hot Heat , Saves The Day , Rocket from the Crypt , Bedouin Soundclash , Harmar Superstar and Coheed and Cambria . Before launching B-Unique Toher signed artists including Therapy ? , The Bluetones , Dodgy and Cud to A&M . Mark Lewis as Head of A&R at Polygram Music and London Records signed Echo and The Bunnymen , Cast , Alisha 's Attic and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676", "text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3189594f3a24833a797e90a1b4741e8", "text": "G-Funk Entertainment G-Funk Entertainment ( formerly known as G-Funk Records and later renamed G-Funk 2000 : The New Millennium ) is an American vanity label founded by West Coast hip hop artist Warren G . It was a subsidiary of Def Jam , where it was dropped off and signed to Restless Records in 1998 under a new name to finally arrive to Hawino Records as G-Funk Entertainment in 2005 , where Warren G released his album In the Mid-Nite Hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9525137c39fc8b3162fed8574101c32", "text": "Pure Mint Recordings Pure Mint Recordings is a British independent record label based in London . The label was established in 2004 by Anthony Hall ( a dual qualified English and New York lawyer and musician ) together with Dashal Beevers , growing out of an earlier incarnation called Mint Source Recordings . In 2003 Mint Source released the critically acclaimed compilation Flowers in the Attic featuring some of Nottingham 's rising stars of deep house , including Crazy Penis , Bent -- with their remix of the Hall & Oates classic `` I Ca n't Go For That '' ( which Bent chose to finish their Big Chill set with in 2004 ) , Zoe Johnston ( who has written and performed with Faithless ) , Oz from The DiY Sound System , Heavy Deviance and Neon Heights amongst others . The label has found supporters worldwide for its eclectic catalogue and has licensed repertoire to Norman Jay ( Giant 45 ) -RSB- , Carl Cox in Australia , Junior Vasquez , Fabric -- Fabric Live 17 ( mixed by AIM ) , Mastercuts ( CUTSCD-58 Mastercuts Chilled ) , Aquasky and others . Releases include T-Total 's version of Brian Eno 's `` Baby 's on Fire '' -- with guest ` featured vocals ' from Soft Cell 's Marc Almond -- and the debut long player `` A Slow Walk Down The Stairs '' from Heavy Deviance , themselves favourites of Chris Coco , Mark Rae , Rob Da Bank , KCRW ( LA ) , -LSB- Laurent Garnier , Bent , Crazy Penis etc. . A Slow Walk Down The Stairs was voted 16th best album of 2005 by M8 Magazine . The label has moved away from its originally exclusive dance release-base to include electropop ( T-Total ft Marc Almond ) , indie folk ( Nigel of Bermondsey ex Gay Dad -- nominated for the XFM 2009 New Music Award ) , rock ( Hungary 's FreshFabrik ) , indie-dance ( Elevator Suite ) , political satire ( Margo Guryan 's 16 Words ) and breaks ( Michael Morph ) , with collaborations and artist releases from Long Range ( Phil Hartnoll from Orbital and Nick Smith -RSB- ) , Yo Majesty , Aquasky , Alex Metric and others . As of November 2009 , the label 's catalogue comprises approximately 25 releases ( singles , 12 inch vinyls and LPs ) On 4 December 2009 Hall resigned from the BPI Rights Committee and the IFPI 's International Legal Committees citing irreconcilable differences over the industry 's approach to file sharing and their support of the draft Digital Economy Bill ( DEB ) going through the UK parliament at the time . He was quoted as saying : I am particularly surprised that the record industry has chosen to endorse s. 17 of the DEB , which I consider is wholly undemocratic and contrary to centuries of good practice regarding the forming of our copyright legislation . I also believe it may set a dangerous precedent going forwards ( and could come back to haunt the industry )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f838b73df070a376a1921f68e1275d1", "text": "Volcano Entertainment Volcano Entertainment ( sometimes referred to as Volcano Records ) is an American all-round music record label founded in 1996 best known for reissuing albums by Shy Records and releasing albums by Tool , 311 , Size 14 , Survivor and `` Weird Al '' Yankovic ( the latter two were former Scotti Bros. . Records artists and the only artists retained from the label ) . It is currently a part of Epic Records , a division of Sony Music Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d684465826492ed3cb687c3d02e9c4d", "text": "T.H.U.G.S. T.H.U.G.S. ( Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls ) '' is the debut solo album by rapper Flesh-n-Bone from the hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony . The album was released on November 19 , 1996 , on Mo Thugs Records and Def Jam Recordings . The title stands for `` Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls '' . The album has three singles : `` World So Cruel '' ( featuring Rev Run ) , `` Nothin ' But Da Bone In Me '' and `` Playa Hater '' ( featuring Krayzie Bone & Layzie Bone ) . The mood of the album ranges from tales of murder , kidnapping , demonic spirits , and religion . T.H.U.G.S. received favorable to positive reviews from critics . The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA on February 12 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9aceb1a1788fdcab37eb05e6442b6c", "text": "Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.) Thuggin ' Under the Influence ( T.U.I. ) is the first independent album by American rapper Young Jeezy ( under the initial name `` Lil ' J '' ) . It was released on August 31 , 2001 , by his independent record label , called Corporate Thugz ( CTE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5dea0cc4c22d3fa196b6d4c9ac1108", "text": "Retard Disco Retard Disco is a Los Angeles-based record label operated in the United States . The label first began with two debut releases by 14 Year Old Girls and Hawnay Troof in 2003 . Henry Rollins has been a vocal fan of the label , frequently playing Retard Disco releases on his radio show and citing the label , alongside Dischord , Ipecac , and Matador , as being current personal favorites .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b3cf0638d6e188fb8b38ab378208173a", "text": "Kaitlin Olson Kaitlin Willow Olson ( born August 18 , 1975 ) is an American actress and comedian . She began her career in the Groundlings , an improvisational group in Los Angeles , California , and had minor roles in several television series before being cast as Deandra `` Sweet Dee '' Reynolds on the FX black comedy series It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia in 2005 . Olson has also appeared in film , with roles in Leap Year ( 2010 ) , The Heat ( 2013 ) , and also provided the voice for Destiny in Finding Dory ( 2016 ) . Beginning in 2017 , she stars as Mickey on the Fox comedy series The Mick .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "80551312e8091f95b966d8af33bbf27f", "text": "Andrea Parkins Andrea Parkins is an American composer , sound artist , performer and improvisational musician based in New York . She is known for her inventive explorations on the electric accordion , generative sound processing , and arrangements of objects and sound . Parkins received a BFA from Tufts University and MFA from Mason Gross School of the Arts , Rutgers University . Parkins 's work is influenced by the compositional strategies of John Cage and Fluxus and pays homage to musique concrète and 1970s analog synth . Parkins often incorporates electronically processed accordion , customized sound processing , live tape manipulation , analog effects boxes , laptop electronics , acoustic piano , sampling , and amplified objects . Her method and sound were characterized by LA Weekly as : `` The big , varied , confidently conceived abstractions Parkins yanks from her squeezebox , laptop , effects devices and maybe piano -- cloudy and cranky one minute , surgically sharp the next . '' With an unconventional approach to instruments , Parkins `` fragments the instrument 's traditional vocabulary and expands its capabilities with electronics and extended techniques . '' Recently Andrea Parkins has been developing a series of interactive sound and image works inspired by the structures of Rube Goldberg 's circuitous machines . Describing this organizational approach Stephen Bezan remarked : `` the individual sounds manipulated by Parkins seem to interact and influence the outcome of the other , crafting a goal-oriented structure based on timbre , not harmony or rhythm . This approach transcends the inherent cacophony of the material and reveals a genuinely organic , even playful quality to her work . '' Parkins has described her Rube Goldberg approach as a means for examining slippages between object and meaning . She observed : `` An important conceptual thread running through these pieces is the discovery and expression of metaphors for the slippage and tension between object and meaning that occurs through the passage of time . '' Describing her intentions , Parkins noted : `` As both a sonic and visual artist , I try to build and layer idiosyncratic systems and structures that point to these shifts in meaning . '' Andrea Parkins has toured and exhibited internationally and has been presented at the Whitney Museum of American Art , The Kitchen , Experimental Intermedia , and Diapason Gallery for Sound and Intermedia . She has collaborated with musicians such as Nels Cline , Jim Black , Ellery Eskelin , David Watson , David Fenech , Fred Frith , Thomas Lehn , Günter Müller , and Otomo Yoshihide and choreographers Olive Bieringa and Otto Ramstad from the BodyCartography Project . Parkins has been the recipient of various grants , awards , and residencies including Meet the Composer , New York State Council for the Arts , Harvestworks Media Art Center , in New York City , Frei und Hanseastadt Hamburg Kulturbehoerde , in Germany , and CESTA in the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55b57dc7265cab126d71781bb61359ef", "text": "Mockingbird Time Mockingbird Time is the eighth studio album by the alt country band The Jayhawks , released on September 20 , 2011 . The album marked the returns of the original front man Mark Olson , who had left the group in 1995 after the release of Tomorrow the Green Grass , and long-time keyboard player Karen Grotberg . Mockingbird Time was the first new studio album by The Jayhawks since 2003 's Rainy Day Music . The album entered the Billboard 200 album chart at # 38 , becoming the highest-charting release of their career to date . It also charted at # 2 on Billboard 's Folk Albums chart , # 6 on the Tastemaker Albums chart , and # 11 on the Rock Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde6b7dfe95621f4cc4759a6f8acd3c9", "text": "Dancing Cigarettes The Cigarettes are a popular post-punk and art band based in Bloomington , Indiana and active from 1979 through 1983 . They were part of a cadre of Bloomington-based bands that made an impact on the underground music scene . Other bands included The Gizmos , Zero Boys , Dow Jones and the Industrials , and MX-80 Sound . These bands established Indiana as an innovative breeding ground for punk , post-punk and new wave music in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The group changed line-ups frequently , but typically consisted of singer/guitarist Michael Gitlin , bassist Emily Bonus , keyboardists and multi-instrumentalists Tim Noe and Jaclyn Oddi , drummer John Terrill , and saxophonist Don Trubey . More avant-pop than post-punk , their music was as eclectic as their members ' musical talents would lead one to believe , ranging from squonky Beefheart rock to bouncy Devo-esque new wave , as evidenced by the brilliant `` Pop Doormat '' , which opens with a deceptively anthemic synth line , then uses an ebullient bass and keyboard melody to underscore a disconsolate lyrical theme that wraps with the repeated question `` What am I waiting for ? '' The band performed regularly in numerous venues in Bloomington , including Second Story , Bullwinkle 's , the Bluebird , and The Gentry Remedy . The band also traveled extensively and performed a venues throughout the US , including CBGB in New York , the Music Box in Kansas City , Mister Goodbar in Buffalo , Tewligans in Louisville , Space Place in Chicago , and many others . The Cigarettes ' musical style is most frequently characterized by the repeated use of hard dissonances ( minor 2nd 's , major 7th 's ) in combination with angular rhythmic patterns . At times , dissonances are densely packed , as in the thick web of atonal clusters supporting the lyrics of `` Broken Windows . '' A more spacious use of dissonance is found in `` Simple Machines , '' clarified by an intriguing orchestration of the band 's various instrumental sounds . `` Puppies in a Sack '' and `` Piano Lesson/Smith Street '' share a similar `` additive process '' technique in the gradual building of their dissonant and polytonal textures . Combined with this predominantly modular organization of material is a powerful sense of linear motion frequently provided by the band 's lyrics . Often the emotive verbal scenarios create tenuous implications of direction which counteract the clouds of tonal density . In `` Puppies in a Sack , '' the relentless repetition of `` It was fun for a while '' evokes a resignation to nostalgia , which is arrested by the plaintive admission , `` But that was a while ago ! '' The group recorded frequently but released very little material ( one 7 '' EP and a few appearances on compilations ) while they were a performing organization . Two CDs of their material have been released in the years since the band broke up . Discography 1981 , Red Snerts : The Sound of Gulcher LP ( Gulcher 004 ) Various Artists sampler including `` Broken Windows '' . This has been reissued on CD as Gulcher 404 1981 , The Gulcher 7 '' EP ( Gulcher 007 ) Puppies In A Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend 1981 , Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 101 ) Burn in Heaven 1982 , Son of Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 103 ) Dance Dogs Dance 1996 , The School of Secret Music CD ( Turnstile Media TM-2 ) Studio : Bells are Ringing , Burn in Heaven , Jungle Book , Golden Moment , Razor Hand , Heat Pump , Dance Dogs Dance , Bury Your Picture.Live Studio Radio Recordings from Lawrence , Kansas : Poignant , Piano Lesson/Smith Street , Burnt Toast , Nervous and Wrong , Bad Bad Boy , Up Thru the Spiral , Spanish Modern/Insect Boxing , Feel this Pain , Pop Doormat , `` D '' in Anger 2002 , The Gulcher Recordings : 1980-1981 CDStudio : Puppies in a Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend , Broken Windows , Simple Machines , Poignant ( the final two being outtakes from the EP sessions ) Live at the Bluebird , June 1981 : Whattayawannadonext ? , Mr. Morse , Puppies in a Sack , Talking and Talking , Feel This Pain , Finger Pictures/Razor Hand , Eggs Any Style/Diet of Worms , Banana Industrial Complex , Monsters Eat My Hell , Jackie O/Too Mental For Me , Drawn By You , Burn in Heaven 2016 , Dance Dogs Dance LP ( Magnetic South MS 048 ) Side 1 : Dance Dogs Dance , I Do n't Like Linoleum , Burn in Heaven , Pop Doormat , Bad Bad Boy , Finger Pictures , Razor Hand , Side 2 : Bells are Ringing , Golden Moment , Poignant , Drawn by You , Little Green Thing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af54f010dec9af31baf1bfe078e5d99c", "text": "The Improv (India) The Improv is an improvisational comedy show which was started in May 2012 in Bangalore , India . The show has no script and is totally improvised , as its name suggests . The audiences give suggestions , situations and scenarios to the host and taking the cue , the actors create on-the-spot hilarious scenes on stage . It is hosted and directed by Saad Khan , an Indian filmmaker . The show is conceptualized by Saad Khan and Siddhanth Sundar . The show 's performers are Danish Sait , Siddhanth Sundar , Sal Yusuf , Sumukhi Suresh , Darius Sunawala , Abel Mathews , Tim Schultz and Praveen Raj . The team has performed over 100 shows in Bangalore , Hyderabad , Mumbai , Chennai , Dubai , Abu Dhabi and Sweden . It is the only Indian team which was invited and selected to perform at the Sweden International Improv Festival in March 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f30717648416442e26c748918003fcf", "text": "You Made It Weird with Pete Holmes You Made It Weird is a semi-weekly comedy interview podcast hosted by comedian Pete Holmes on the Nerdist network since October 25 , 2011 . The show originated under the premise that Holmes would ask his guest , usually a fellow comedian , about three `` weird '' things he knew about them , but the show has since evolved into a much more loose conversation about such complex topics as comedy , religion , and sexuality . While initially focusing on interviews with comedians , an increasing number of guests from other fields have appeared on the show , including musicians , pastors , scientists , and authors . Many guests comment on Holmes ' unique laugh , which tends to be very loud and borderline obnoxious . Katie Levine is the producer of the podcast . The show is usually recorded in-studio at the Nerdist studio at Meltdown Comics in Los Angeles , California . Since March 21 , 2012 , Holmes has recorded multiple live episodes of the podcast , in Austin at South by Southwest , New York , Bloomington , Chicago , Montreal , Quebec , San Francisco , Los Angeles at the LA Riot Festival , and Toronto at Just For Laughs . These have featured several guests rather than the usual one , and focus more on comedy rather than the in-depth discussion of a regular episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa8774aec06785711758a43c0192501", "text": "Meat Puppets (album) Meat Puppets is the first album by American band the Meat Puppets , released in 1982 . The album is unlike their later , better-known releases due to its hardcore punk sound . The album was recorded in a matter of days , there are very few overdubs and many of the tracks are first takes . Like other early SST albums the sound quality is rather spotty ; there is noticeable fuzz in the background of the music . The band opted for this because they felt more comfortable recording live with only a few microphones rather than employing conventional studio separation techniques . In 1999 , Curt Kirkwood stated , `` The first -LSB- album -RSB- was our LSD record . We were three days in the studio , and we tripped the whole time . And it was really cool , and really trying , too , because we went insane . '' The 1999 Rykodisc reissue features the entire In a Car EP as well as 13 other bonus tracks , many of them studio jams or outtakes , and a video clip of the band performing `` Walking Boss '' live . The booklet also has liner notes by Gregg Turkington and recording notes by drummer Derrick Bostrom . In the 2012 book , Too High to Die : Meet the Meat Puppets by Greg Prato , an entire chapter is dedicated to Soundgarden guitarist Kim Thayil explaining why Meat Puppets is one of his favorite all-time albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e12c73475c38763918574caf2ffce2c", "text": "Sketch Show (band) Sketch Show is a Japanese duo formed in 2002 by two of the three former members of Yellow Magic Orchestra , Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi . In some live shows , Ryuichi Sakamoto has joined in band performances . `` Similar to Yellow Magic Orchestra , Sketch Show 's sound relies heavily on cutting-edge technology ( synthesizers the first time , computers this time ) , but what sets the duo apart from thousands of other knob-twiddlers is the sense of songcraft and pop sensibility that they have consistently displayed over their careers . Both men sing and play traditional instruments -LSB- ... -RSB- . While not genre-specific , Sketch Show 's music is loosely categorized as electronica . The band released its debut album , Audio Sponge , in 2002 , shortly after a well-received appearance at Takkyu Ishino 's massive rave event , WIRE02 . In addition to Hosono and Takahashi , the record featured collaborations with former YMO member Ryuichi Sakamoto and Towa Tei . Shows following the release of the record were instant sellouts . -LSB- ... -RSB- In February 2003 , the band released the mini-album Tronika , which featured remixes by Cornelius . Early that summer , they played a show-stealing slot at SONAR 2003 in Barcelona , and CYBERSONICA 03 in London . These shows were the first European appearances for Hosono and Takahashi in two decades . September 2003 saw the release of a live DVD , Wild Sketch Show Live 2002 , featuring footage culled from a string of December 2002 performances at the legendary Shibuya-AX , and including a medley of YMO classics along with their new material . Toward the end of 2003 , the band released their second album , LOOPHOLE . The album again featured collaborations with Sakamoto , and remixes by Cornelius and Safety Scissors . '' In 2004 , Sketch Show performed live shows with Sakamoto under the name `` Human Audio Sponge '' , or `` HAS '' . Since 2005 , Sketch Show has wound down , and in 2007 , Hosono , Sakamoto and Takahshi released the single `` Rescue / Rydeen 79/07 '' under the name `` HASYMO '' , which was made in the style of Sketch Show 's music , with heavier incorporation of live instruments . Since 2008 , the combination of Hosono , Sakamoto and Takahashi has performed together as `` Yellow Magic Orchestra '' , continuing with what was developed as Sketch Show/Human Audio Sponge/HASYMO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbc6a6019538d1327d4a0bff3673357", "text": "Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script . Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product . Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5be59b6d3fab0c60a441759fef6e9da", "text": "Improvisation Improvisation is the term for the action of improvising . In a technical context , this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for , or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion . Improvisation , within the context of performing arts , is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation . The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties , across all artistic , scientific , physical , cognitive , academic , and non-academic disciplines . Musical improvisation is usually defined as the composition ( and simultaneous playing ) of music , without prior preparation . Improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again , off-again status throughout history . Dance improvisation is frequently used as a choreographic tool . Choreography is also frequently used as a tool for improvisation . Improvisation also exists outside the arts . Improvisation in engineering is to solve a problem with the tools and materials immediately at hand . Improvised weapons are often used by guerrillas , insurgents and criminals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a5449edd37c12b322e07db1e3e29a58", "text": "Yard Dogs Road Show Yard Dogs Road Show is a thirteen-member traveling cabaret that features a unique blend of performances , including vaudeville , burlesque , stage magic , sideshow oddities , and beatnik `` hobo poetry . '' Performances include musical interludes , song and dance numbers , and background music from the Yard Dogs cartoon heavy band . Originally from San Francisco , the Yard Dogs made their first full-fledged national tour in the Spring of 2005 , playing 25 shows in 35 days with seven sold-out performances . Their show is used as a vehicle to travel and promote an independent lifestyle and spirit . All the performers are completely independent and 100 % collaborative in creating their performances on stage . Their main objective is to inspire others to create and express themselves outside of the box . Consequently , creative communities are increasing in towns they have visited and revisited . The Yard Dogs Road Show is collaborative group of friends who love to travel and perform together . Through their collaborative performances they aim to bring other artists together and create more independent artistic communities throughout the world . For use in this Wiki entry , the band 's manager allowed the use of the song `` Blockhead '' as an example of their style", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49c91b0cc2e32a38ed7664ba3812605f", "text": "IO Theater iO , or iO Chicago , ( formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' ) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66777e61056bc24949ef8a3a00384340", "text": "Friday Nite Improvs Friday Nite Improvs , or Friday Night Improvs ( FNI ) , is a long-running weekly improvisational comedy show staged on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The show functions as an improv jam , performed by improv actors who do n't normally work together . FNI is unique in that , in addition to the audience 's providing improv suggestions , the performers are all pulled from volunteers in the audience . Friday Nite Improvs is the longest-running theatrical/comedic production in the city of Pittsburgh . The show regularly features actors from every improv group in Pittsburgh , and alumni have gone on to act , write , and produce for television and film . Readers of the Pittsburgh City Paper ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the 3rd best place to see comedy in Pittsburgh in the 2004 `` Best of Pittsburgh '' survey behind the professional stand-up clubs The Improv and The Funnybone . College Prowler ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the ninth best thing about Pitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3edbf907fd73ed262ddd5771f9869dc", "text": "The San Francisco Improv Alliance Started in 2005 by Shaun Landry , artistic director of Oui Be Negroes , The San Francisco Improv Alliance is a group of actors dedicated to Improvisational Theater . The Alliance offers performance opportunities to upcoming ensembles , stages self-produced shows , co-production of pre-established ensembles , master class workshops and national ensembles and community outreach in the field of improvisational theatre . The San Francisco Improv Talent Pool also offers improvisational actors a chance at paying work in the craft of improvisational theater through educational , corporate , film , radio and television events . In 2007 the Alliance has expanded out its community resources to improvisers with the city of San Francisco , The County of Alameda for work with The San Francisco Family Festival and Public Service Announcements for The Department of Public Health , providing talented improvisers for these worthy organizations . The Alliance has also doubled its corporate and film bookings in 2007 with major institutions including Major League Baseball . The Improv Alliance is also the producer of The San Francisco Improv Festival . Beginning in 2003 ( with improviser Sam Shaw ) , the SFIF has had thousands of audience members attend improvisational theater and learn from master class teachers including Mick Napier , David Razowsky , and Ian Roberts . It is one of the few improvisational Theater Festivals that pays its ensembles to perform . Starting as a 12-week event , The festival now runs over a seven-week span , making it still `` The Longest Running Improv Festival in the Country '' . Sam Shaw left the San Francisco Improv Festival in June 2005 giving all rights and entities to the business of The San Francisco Improv Festival ( SFIF ) to Landry . In 2007 , Clay Robeson and Hans Summers are now Associate Producers along with Ms. Landry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03316f8ab3f343f042836e1d2e1344a8", "text": "Josephine Forsberg Josephine Forsberg ( 28 January 1921 -- 3 October 2011 ) , ex-wife of film director Rolf Forsberg , was hired by Paul Sills and Viola Spolin to join the original Second City in 1959 as the female understudy and Spolin 's teaching assistant . She became an expert in improvisational techniques for the theater , and by the mid 1960s she had taken over most of Spolin 's and Sills 's classes , as well as Spolin 's children 's theater company . From that point on most of the young performers that wanted to go onto the Second City stage studied with Forsberg for at least a year . These included Bill Murray , Harold Ramis , Betty Thomas , Shelley Long , George Wendt , David Mamet , and Robert Townsend . In 1971 , Forsberg opened up an official school of improvisation called Players Workshop , hiring her nephew Martin de Maat and her daughter Linnea Forsberg to teach alongside her . In terms of accepting students who were not necessarily Second City actors learning the art of improvisation , but also including students from all walks of life and professional disciplines Players Workshop can arguably be called the first real school of Improvisation , with a class structure , syllabus , and graduation requirement , pre-dating loosely organized workshops created in the mid-1970s by Dudley Riggs ( Minneapolis , MN USA ) and Keith Johnstone ( Calgary , AB , Canada ) . It soon grew to the largest school of improv in the country , training people for the Second City stage through a six term ( 12 month ) course . In 1980 , her son Eric Forsberg joined Players Workshop as a director , where he worked with David Shepard to develop a competitive improv game which was later called The Improv Olympiad . One of Forsberg 's students , Charna Halpern , joined forces with David Shepard and helped to bring the Improv Olympiad to become one of Chicago 's foremost arena 's for new improvisers . In the late 1980s Charna Halpern and Del Close transformed the Improv Olympiad into the IO , using Del 's new improv format called The Harold , otherwise known as long form . Forsberg retired from teaching in 1993 , leaving Players Workshop to her daughter . Her nephew , Martin de Maat had become the creative director of the Second City Training Center which was growing in leaps and bounds , offering a tremendous competition to Players Workshop . In 2003 Players Workshop closed its doors . However , in 2007 , she was approached by her old friend and student Bill Murray to help teach the New York Giants improv , in the hopes of giving them an edge . At 86 years old she did just that . It was the first time that she had taught anyone in years . That year they won the Super Bowl . She returned to teach the New York Giants again in 2008 . Forsberg , along with her daughter Linnea , wrote `` Improvisation for Speech and Theater . '' It was published by Kendall Hunt Publishing in 2010 . Forsberg died on October 3 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cef454ba22f51cdaf980cb0862859940", "text": "Prop comedy Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects , or conventional objects in humorous ways . The stages and films term `` prop '' , an abbreviation of `` property '' , refers to any object an actor handles in the course of a performance . Though some form of prop comedy has likely existed as long as there have been comedians , the genre reached its zenith in the vaudeville era . The vaudeville team Olsen and Johnson used prop comedy extensively in their long running Broadway revue Hellzapoppin . A prop comic is a comedian who uses prop comedy . Prop comics are sometimes looked down upon by other comedians , and the term is sometimes used derisively . However , some , such as Tommy Cooper , rose to critical acclaim as their props revolved around a gimmick ( such as Cooper 's magic ) and the comedian 's character around that gimmick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05cf66d13715e9c415a4d0fc4c39857", "text": "Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band The Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band was a humorous musical group of amateur musicians living in the San Francisco , California , area who played a repertoire of polkas and light classical music while adopting a persona of mild confusion and wearing self-created uniforms once described as rejects from the Franco-Prussian War . The group originally formed one Christmas season in 1949 to play carols in Sausalito , California , and someone brought a book of polka music , possibly one of the `` Hungry Five '' books by Harry L. Alford whose music became a basic part of the Guckenheimer repertoire . The group became increasingly popular in northern California , often invited to play at wine festivals and openings and in later years for such august occasions as opening night of the San Francisco Symphony . Although all were business professionals , the group joined Local 6 of the American Federation of Musicians and became `` professional musicians '' when they were invited by San Francisco Records to make its first record album , `` Oom-Pah-Pah In Hi-Fi '' -- described on its front cover as `` The sourest German village band music ever ! '' Although the group played for laughs , all its members were quite adequate musicians , some of them very good . The occasional native German-born listener would often remark on the Guckenheimers ' similarity to actual village bands back in the old country . The village band sound was authentic enough RCA Victor signed the group to record a second album , `` Sour Kraut In Hi Fi '' ( LPM-1453 ) The name of the group was taken from an obscure brand of whiskey and adopted by the group 's leader , Richard B. Gump , who took on the persona of Herr Doktor Fritz Guckenheimer , Kapellmeister . All of the other band members adopted names that were some variant of Schmidt . Gump was a San Francisco art dealer and owner of Gump 's store in downtown San Francisco , which was also the recording location of their best known record album for RCA Victor Records `` Music For Non-Thinkers '' ( LSP/LPM 1721 ) , which was recorded on Sunday , December 29 , 1957 , in stereo . It was released in 1958 . It was re-released on an unknown date , and kept the original stereo catalog number , but adopted a new per-side catalog number as well , J2PY-2451 / J2PY-2452 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "172a159e323437b469df8d0fa998969e", "text": "Vinyl Tap Vinyl Tap is a Canadian radio show hosted by Randy Bachman , musician alumnus of the famous Canadian rock band The Guess Who and Bachman -- Turner Overdrive . Each episode of the show first airs on CBC Radio One Saturday nights from 7 to 9 p.m. , and is then repeated on CBC Radio 2 Sunday evening from 6 to 8 p.m. and again on Radio One Fridays from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. In the two-hour program , Randy Bachman plays predominantly classic rock , pop and older jazz music and tells stories behind the selections , adding from time to time short musical demonstrations played live , besides frequent personal anecdotes . Musical selections are commonly organized around a theme , sometimes of Bachman 's own choosing and sometimes in response to a request submitted by a listener . The program 's format somewhat resembles Finkleman 's 45s , the program it replaced on the CBC Radio schedule , although Bachman presents a very different range of musical selections than Danny Finkleman did . Some of Bachman 's musical stories from the program were published in book form in the fall of 2011 . Until 2011 , when they separated , Bachman 's wife Denise McCann Bachman also participated in the show , reading listener mail ( typically 40 minutes into the first hour ) , doing fact research and commenting . His son Tal Bachman took over the research for the show , but does not contribute as an on-air personality . In 2010 , Bachman hosted an episode of the show live from the Glenn Gould Studio at the CBC Broadcast Centre in Toronto . Titled `` Guitarology 101 '' , the episode featured Bachman , McCann , Mick Dalla-Vee and Brent Knudsen talking about various aspects of guitars , including live performances of a number of classic rock and rhythm and blues songs . CBC Vancouver senior radio producer Tod Elvidge engineers , edits and compiles each show for broadcast .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8554f9efe8fca3e081eaea607fc02033", "text": "Travis Barker Travis Landon Barker ( born November 14 , 1975 ) is an American musician and producer , and the drummer for the rock band Blink-182 . Barker has also performed as a frequent collaborator with hip-hop artists , and with the alternative rock band +44 , the rap rock group the Transplants , the alternative rock band Box Car Racer , and most recently with Antemasque . He was a frequent collaborator with the late DJ AM , and together they formed TRV$ DJAM . After the split of his first band , Feeble , Barker began playing for the Aquabats in 1996 as the Baron Von Tito . He recorded one album with them , The Fury of The Aquabats ! , in 1997 . His career rose when he joined Blink-182 in 1998 . Barker has since established himself as a versatile drummer , producing and making guest appearances in music projects of numerous music genres including hip hop , alternative rock , pop and country . He has gained significant acceptance within the hip-hop community in particular and often collaborates with artists to compose rock-tinged remixes to their songs . Barker collaborated with artists ( including Game , Yelawolf , Tom Morello , Corey Taylor , Slaughterhouse , Raekwon , Busta Rhymes , RZA , Slash , and other musicians ) for his solo debut album , Give the Drummer Some , which was released on March 15 , 2011 . In 2011 , he worked with Steve Aoki and Kid Cudi in Aoki 's hit single Cudi the Kid , as part of his album Wonderland , with Barker as lead drummer . Aside from drumming , he founded clothing company Famous Stars and Straps in 1999 and LaSalle Records in 2004 . Companies such as DC Shoes and Zildjian cymbals have co-designed products in his name . Rolling Stone referred to him as `` punk 's first superstar drummer . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457558705c75e79962c39c9b4afd9d28", "text": "Give the Drummer Some Give the Drummer Some is the first solo record by Blink-182 drummer Travis Barker . Barker had earlier announced that the album would be slated for a September 2010 release , but was later pushed back , with the album being released on March 15 , 2011 . The album , released under Interscope Records , was produced by the drummer himself , alongside The Neptunes , RZA , Kool Kojak , Chuck Inglish , Transplants , Kid Cudi , EDIT , Corey Taylor and Steve Aoki . The album debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 chart , with first-week sales of 28,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "47b0d5c2418244093da853d9481bec26", "text": "Nicholas Barker Nicholas Howard Barker is a British extreme metal drummer best known as the original drummer for British metal band Cradle of Filth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704786c98668b6136401b43c0f84400f", "text": "Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 . After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a925e3d43772c408744ac8614afc63e4", "text": "John Humphrey (drummer) Johnny `` John '' Stephen Humphrey ( born March 23 , 1970 ) is an American musician , and currently the drummer for the South African post-grunge and alternative metal band Seether . From 1992 until 2000 , Humphrey was the drummer for The Nixons . He joined Seether in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86b84c8422557bf4d27c3d30e96e611c", "text": "Pat McGee Band The Pat McGee Band is a rock band from Richmond , Virginia . Formed by frontman Pat McGee , who attended Longwood College in Farmville , VA. . On the heels of his solo release From the Wood in 1995 , the Pat McGee Band signed with Warner Bros. . Records subsidiary Giant Records in 1999 . Shine , the band 's major-label debut , was released in 2000 with the national singles `` Runaway '' and `` Rebecca '' . After two years of delays , the band released their second album with Warner , Save Me , in 2004 . The band was dropped from the label that year and picked up by Kirtland Records . An enhanced Save Me is now being distributed through Kirtland with the radio single `` Must Have Been Love '' . Former guitarist and vocalist Al Walsh left the band in an amicable split at the end of 2001 . Keyboardist and vocalist Jonathan Bryan Williams left in 2003 but rejoined the band in late 2005 . Both were significant contributors to the band 's sound , particularly in the form of backing vocals . The band did n't see another background vocalist until the 2003 addition of keyboardist/guitarist Todd Wright . Longtime bassist John Small left the band in 2004 . With Jonathan 's return , Todd Wright has left the band . Todd is now finding success as the front man of his own band , Getaway Car , where he 's backed by guitarist Matt Miceli and Crix Reardon - while still a part of Pat McGee Band - on bass . Drummer Chris Williams died peacefully in his home October 28 , 2006 . As of June 2007 , the band has severed ties with Kirtland Records and is once again recording independently . As of 2008 , Matt `` Chew '' Calvarese has increasingly sat in as the band 's new drummer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a684c9a4d652b24965a1026cd508b974", "text": "Dante Roberson Dante `` Taz '' Roberson ( born in 1972 in Stanford , California ) is an American drummer , musical director , and record producer from the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0c83dba8bebb3ade9d6b0617d74c008", "text": "Brendan Buckley Brendan Buckley is an American drummer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5307426da9ebea8b1dfcaba3934df7d", "text": "Travis Powers Travis F.Powers is a Sound Designer/Supervising sound effects editor and Composer who has worked on several animated television series , including The Simpsons , Futurama , Dilbert , The PJs , The Critic , The Tracey Ullman Show , Mission Hill and King of the Hill . Powers has received multiple awards . Including a Golden Reel Award , in 1998 for `` Best Sound Editing '' for the episode `` Treehouse of Horror VIII '' . Powers works mainly in his home . He is best known for his work on The Simpsons , a series that he had worked on since its beginnings on The Tracey Ullman Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b59827400e7ab7a9aa52d0e7a96fe10", "text": "Matt McMahon (pianist) Matt McMahon is an Australian jazz pianist and composer . Winning the ` Wangaratta National Jazz Piano Award ' in 1999 , and the ` Freedman Jazz Fellowship ' in 2005 established his place in Australian jazz . In 2010 his trio supported the Wayne Shorter Quartet at Sydney Opera House . Additionally he has played or recorded with many known jazz artists including Dale Barlow , Greg Osby , Phil Slater , Joseph Tawadros , Katie Noonan , Dave Panichi and Steve Hunter . Three of the CDs he recorded with Joseph Tawadros won the Australian Recording Industry Award for the best New World Music Album . In 2014 , McMahon leads his own band ` The Matt McMahon Trio ' with bassist Jonathan Brown and drummer Simon Barker , and co-leads the `` Band of Five Names '' with trumpeter Phil Slater and drummer Simon Barker . He is the musical director for Australian jazz vocalist and trumpeter Vince Jones . He has performed at music festivals in Australia and Asia , including the Wangaratta Festival of Jazz and JazzNow Festival . In 2014 he teaches in the jazz department at Sydney Conservatorium of Music . He is also a featured artist on the educational website for improvising musicians , jazztuition.com , alongside Simon Barker , Brett Hirst and Ken Stubbs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "960d3b0628e85082e8da0b657555024b", "text": "4-beat 4-beat ( also known as hardcore or happy hardcore ) is a breakbeat style of music that emerged around 1993 . It evolved from breakbeat hardcore emanating from the United Kingdom rave scene . Due to the sheer scale of the United Kingdom rave scene , the popularity of this particular music was largely limited to England where it was almost exclusively produced and played . Breakbeat hardcore was originally referred to as hardcore by ravers in England . As such , this evolved style was also alternatively known as hardcore or happy hardcore -- the latter meaning a happier variant of this breakbeat styled hardcore , thus happy hardcore ( i.e. happy breakbeat ) . Darkcore was the short lived counter-movement to happy that occurred at the same time . The name happy hardcore should not be confused with other things that are also referred to as happy hardcore , as that term is much shared across the world to describe different sounding things that have their own development . Also in this article , 4-beat is not a musical term commonly used to describe a drum beat time signature found in most types of modern music , but is rather a specific name used to describe a breakbeat music style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c22ae06bde7d396c4dd68cd3e80e7a", "text": "Travis Randall Travis Randall ( born Travis Michael Randall ; December 9 , 1972 ) is an American actor and musician . He was born in Spooner , Wisconsin . In 2008 he was a regular on Spike Network 's MANswers as the exotic food expert appearing in multiple episodes . In 2005 he appeared in the film Never Been Thawed that was directed and written by Sean Anders who would go on to write and direct '' Sex Drive ' as well as projects such as Mr. Popper 's Penguins ( film ) , Hot Tub Time Machine , She 's Out of His League , and Dumb and Dumber To . Sean and Travis were in the band Stone Bogart together . They made music and covered such songs as Monty Python 's `` The Lumberjack Song . '' Travis is also an acclaimed chef with a cookbook due in late 2015 according to his website . Travis also has a BBQ sauce available through his website . He regularly appears on radio and TV segments about food nationally . As of 2011 he was teaching grilling classes periodically in Scottsdale , Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4ac606229566d3723de1657d73effb", "text": "Dusty Watson Dustin `` Dusty '' Watson is an American drummer who has played in a number of notable bands , as well as backed up famous solo artists . Earning a scholarship to Stan Kenton Band Clinics and joining the Musicians Union at age 17 allowed Dusty to become a professional drummer at a young age . He formed local California punk band The Press and by the end of the 1970s he was also an original member of Jon and the Nightriders and The Stepmothers . After leaving The Runaways , Lita Ford asked Dusty to join her original line up and he recorded her debut album , Out for Blood , and toured with her from 1980 through 1984 . After that he joined the band Legs Diamond , whom he would play with until 1993 . During this period , Dusty did side work in a number of bands , including Concrete Blonde , Channel 3 , Laureen Ellis , The Boss Martians and talk show host Wally George . After leaving Legs Diamond , he played drums on hip hop act Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E. 's albums Metally Disturbed and Angry Samoans and toured Europe with them . He went on to join Sugartooth , but the band quickly broke up after they were dropped by Geffen Records . Shortly after this he started instrumental surf band Slacktone with co-founder Dave Wronski and started touring with Agent Orange ( whom he would continue to work with through 2009 ) . In 1997 , he joined Dick Dale 's backing band The Del-Tones , recording and touring with them through 2006 . In 2004 he joined The Queers to play on their albums Acid Beaters and Summer Hits No. 1 . Recently he has drummed with the Supersuckers and Rhino Bucket . He also joined the psychedelic punk rock metal band , BLOODHOOK , recording their debut full-length album at the legendary Van Nuys , California recording studio , Sound City . In March 2009 Dusty married Colorado-native and female drummer Rikki Styxx who moved to California following . Dusty Watson is currently a member of Rhino Bucket , the Queers , Becky Barksdale , Davie Allan and the Arrows , Slacktone , the Surfaris , and The Sonics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c21b2d202a3366597e90cdb92a7109", "text": "Drummer (band) Drummer is an indie rock band from Akron , Ohio . The band was founded by The Black Keys ' drummer Patrick Carney who plays bass guitar . All the members of the band are drummers in other groups from Ohio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8c0e2b5466f76c11c7c3a1b69fd75d7", "text": "TDRS Music Travis Dickerson Recording Studios Music is a label founded by musician and producer Travis Dickerson . The label is characterized by the way it sells records . Every record it sells is shipped directly to the buyer . Over the years TDRS has released many albums and in 2007 , Buckethead released several paintings through TDRS 's web page , which also sells shirts , posters and stickers related to the artist . The label mainly sells normal CDs , and has a Download Store with reduced prices and otherwise unavailable material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b50c6449130f8fcd11c84c1e44444a", "text": "Garrett Hammond Garret Hammond was the drummer of the Chicago-based alternative rock bands Kill Hannah and Prick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea916bce5a4a157d75793297b95b84e", "text": "Time Bomb (album) Time Bomb is the second studio album by American rock band Buckcherry . It was produced by John Travis -LSB- -RSB- and released on March 27 , 2001 by DreamWorks Records . It is the band 's only album to feature guitarist Yogi Lonich and is the last album with the original line-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd77e057f3c9b6fe92381ed94afe6d6d", "text": "Larry Wright (street drummer) Larry Wright ( born c. 1975 ) is a well-known New York City busker . He 's credited as the first major drummer to use five gallon plastic buckets instead of a normal drum kit . He uses his foot to lift the bucket changing the sound patterns . He has appeared in commercials , Mariah Carey 's `` Someday '' video , Bring in ` da Noise , Bring in ` da Funk as well as the movie Green Card . Most recently he appeared in the short film The Yellow Card directed by Enrique Pedraza . It is a documentary based on subway performers in New York City , where Larry Wright and his wife Sonia Wright are one of the main acts in the film as they play their music and are being interviewed . There is an independent movie about him as a high school student . He has played since he was five years old , and met his wife while playing in the subway . His favorite drummers are Eyeon , Tito Puente , Max Roach , and Buddy Rich . He and his wife can typically be found at the Union Square , Penn Station , Port Authority , and 59th and Lexington subway stations . A more recent interview with Larry and his wife Sonia appears in Issue Four of The Drummer 's Journal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "066c5bb464b3b131eb1328c9916685dd", "text": "Rimshot A rimshot is a percussion technique used to produce an accented snare drum backbeat . The sound is produced by simultaneously hitting the rim and head of a drum with a drum stick : `` the sound is part normal snare and part loud , woody accent , '' `` generally sharper , brighter and more cutting , '' as this produces large amounts of overtones . The stroke is used on the snare in rock , pop , and blues and on the tom-toms in Afro-Cuban music and reggae . In marching percussion there are three types of rimshots . The most common is the `` normal '' rimshot , which is played with the tip ( bead ) of the stick held about three inches from the rim . This produces a prominent , accented tone . The second is the `` ping shot '' , where the bead is struck about one inch from the rim . This produces a high pitched sound . The third is a `` gock '' , which is produced by hitting the bead of the drum stick at the center of the drum while the rim is percussed with the distal shaft of the stick ( near the hand ) . This makes a lower sound . In Latin percussion , timbale players use rimshots near the edge of the head , but these sound very different from gocks in marching percussion . In orchestral percussion , a rimshot is performed by placing one drum stick with the stick head near the middle of the drumhead , and the shaft pressed against the rim , and striking with the other stick . This produces a less powerful , but more precise and accurate rimshot than its marching cousin . This is known as a `` stick shot '' . The rimshot should not be confused with the cross stick technique , in which the tip of a drumstick is placed on the head near one of the bearing edges and the shaft of the stick is struck against the rim opposite the tip , thus creating a dry , high pitched `` click '' similar to a set of claves . The stroke is used to simulate claves in Brazilian bossa nova and also used for ballads in rock , pop , and country . Drummer Gene Krupa is credited with having invented the rimshot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10971adfb9431474e44be74207127703", "text": "& (The Moth & The Flame EP) ⅋ , sometimes written Ampersand , is an EP and the debut major label recording by rock group The Moth & The Flame , released digitally on November 5 , 2013 internationally . It was produced by drummer/producer Joey Waronker ( Beck , Atoms for Peace , R.E.M. ) and mixed by Peter Katis ( The National , Interpol ) . All songs were written by The Moth & The Flame . To promote the EP , The Moth & the Flame toured Europe supporting Imagine Dragons during the fall and winter of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "545d63b0cf13acf6a2efe8b5c3cd00a2", "text": "Michael Barker (drummer) Michael Barker ( born 1966 ) is a New Zealand percussion musician best known for performing with many Australasian acts , including The John Butler Trio and Split Enz . In more recent years Barker formed the power blues duo Swamp Thing with Grant Haua .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0376a7e3ef1fcca4a903383988d66d6a", "text": "Transplants discography This is a comprehensive discography of the Transplants , a punk rock/hip-hop supergroup . Formed in 1999 , the project consists of Tim Armstrong ( Rancid ) on guitar and vocals , `` Skinhead Rob '' Aston ( Expensive Taste ) on vocals , Travis Barker ( Blink-182 and +44 ) on drums and Kevin `` Sweatshop '' Bivona on bass . As of 2015 , the band has released three studio albums , one remix album , and five singles . Their latest album was released on June 25 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b2715a29c03095a0ea34b813740e57fd", "text": "Luke Evans (actor) Luke Evans ( born 15 April 1979 ) is a Welsh actor . Evans began his career on the stage , performing in many of London 's West End productions such as Rent , Miss Saigon , and Piaf before getting his Hollywood breakthrough role starring in the Clash of the Titans 2010 remake . Following his debut , Evans was cast in such action and thriller films as Immortals ( 2011 ) , The Raven ( 2012 ) , and the re-imagined The Three Musketeers ( 2011 ) . In 2013 , Evans starred as the main antagonist Owen Shaw in the blockbuster Fast & Furious 6 , and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson 's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Hobbit . Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character 's film origin story , Dracula Untold . In 2017 , Evans starred as Gaston in Disney 's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298e5b6bd132662ac240aba4f79a9765", "text": "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: Movie Set Adventure Honey , I Shrunk the Kids : Movie Set Adventure was a playground at Disney 's Hollywood Studios in Orlando , Florida . It was located in the Streets of America area and was based on Disney 's 1989 film , Honey , I Shrunk the Kids . The playground , which opened almost a year after the film , featured 30 ft blades of grass , and was themed as a movie set for the giant backyard scenes from the film . It was closed in April 2016 to make room for the construction of a Star Wars Land on the same site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a64e1f33ff3858c26086a9a1ad1d7f", "text": "Country Strong Country Strong ( originally titled Love Do n't Let Me Down ) is a 2010 drama film starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Tim McGraw , Garrett Hedlund , and Leighton Meester . The film , about an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career , was directed and written by American filmmaker Shana Feste . It premiered in Nashville , Tennessee on November 8 , 2010 , and had a wide release in the United States on January 7 , 2011 . This is the second film in which McGraw and Hedlund have worked together , the first being Friday Night Lights in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3de5819a20b1bfa3b62fb566c9effd30", "text": "The Growing Pains Movie The Growing Pains Movie is a 2000 American made-for-television film that premiered on ABC November 5 , 2000 , as a two-hour episode of ABC 's The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series . It is the first of two reunion films based on the 1985 -- 1992 sitcom Growing Pains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f24ebaa0899c8454ae57bf9b1ed9ff1", "text": "Chicken Little (video game) Chicken Little is an action-adventure video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Buena Vista Games . Based on the 2005 film of the same name , it was released in October 2005 . A sequel , Disney 's Chicken Little : Ace in Action , was released in 2006 . Original music for the game was composed by Billy Martin . The game is an action-adventure with gameplay similar to that of Tak and the Power of Juju .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dec4132245c92b721bc549fb8076c7", "text": "Freeze Frame (2004 film) Freeze Frame is a British-American psychological thriller-mystery film written and directed by John Simpson , and starring comedian Lee Evans in the lead role . The film follows the story of Sean Veil played by Evans who eventually becomes paranoid after being accused of triple murder and films his every moment of life to provide an alibi . The film was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79be731cf527f945acee9d6e6f1b7868", "text": "Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f49411a96d42e53eb01593dae0cfeba1", "text": "The Emperor's New Groove The Emperor 's New Groove is a 2000 American animated buddy slapstick comedy film created by Walt Disney Feature Animation . It is the 40th film in Disney 's animated features canon . It was directed by Mark Dindal , produced by Randy Fullmer , written by David Reynolds , and stars David Spade , John Goodman , Eartha Kitt , Patrick Warburton and Wendie Malick . The film follows a teenage emperor who is transformed into a llama by his ex-advisor and henchwoman . In order for the emperor to change back into a human , he trusts a village leader who escorts him back to the palace . It was altered significantly over its six years of development and production . It began as a musical epic titled Kingdom of the Sun , to have been directed by Dindal and Roger Allers ( co-director of The Lion King ) , and was changed by Disney executives into a light-hearted buddy comedy . The documentary The Sweatbox details the production troubles that the film endured . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` My Funny Friend and Me '' performed by Sting , but lost to `` Things Have Changed '' by Bob Dylan from Wonder Boys . The film was followed by a direct-to-video sequel Kronk 's New Groove ( 2005 ) , and an animated television series The Emperor 's New School ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7066df01f0777dddf446914ab9c5e99a", "text": "Lucky Luke (disambiguation) Lucky Luke is a Belgian comic book series that began in 1946 . `` Lucky Luke '' may also refer to : Lucky Luke , a fictional American cowboy and the title character of the series Lucky Luke , a 1983 animated television series starring William Callaway Lucky Luke ( film ) , a 1991 Italian film adaptation starring Terence Hill Lucky Luke ( TV series ) , a 1992 Italian television series based on the film , starring Terence Hill Lucky Luke ( 2009 film ) , a 2009 French/Argentine film adaptation starring Jean Dujardin Lucky Luke , the name of several video games based on the character , most of them published by Infogrames Entertainment , SA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0836db8dc2065562313d6c30c84df13b", "text": "Twitches Too Twitches Too is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie . It is the sequel to the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches , released in 2005 . The film began production in late April 2007 and was released on October 12 . It aired during Disney Channel 's Halloween Month . The Disney Channel Original Series , Wizards of Waverly Place , premiered following the film 's premiere . The first trailer was released during the premiere of High School Musical 2 . On its premiere night , the movie brought in 6.96 million viewers . To date , it is the last sequel to a Disney Channel Original Movie that is not a musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23de006a8287615e18aefef780aff4d1", "text": "Snowflake, the White Gorilla Snowflake , the White Gorilla ( Copito de Nieve ) is a Spanish direct-to-video live action/animated adventure film directed by Andrés G. Schaer . The film depicts the fictional childhood of the white gorilla Snowflake . In United States , the film was released on . The English dub of the film stars David Spade , Ariana Grande , Jennette McCurdy , Nathan Kress , Dallas Lovato , Keith David , and Christopher Lloyd . It was produced by Grindstone Entertainment Group and distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f740e7af3f461a02b676feba447fc070", "text": "Lucky Luke (TV series) Lucky Luke ( also known as The Adventures of Lucky Luke ) is an Italian western-comedy television series starring Terence Hill that aired in 1992 , and was based on the Belgian comic book series Lucky Luke and on a movie with the same title directed and produced by the same Hill in 1991 . Eight episodes were produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049a8a4675cbf07e952a1b7a6f125767", "text": "Huckleberry Fox George Fox , better known as Huckleberry Fox ( 1974 ) , is an American actor who performed in Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . and the Disney film The Blue Yonder ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa35d52262a244c563a4b1cac34afb7", "text": "Indiana Jones Adventure The Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , based on the Indiana Jones film series . Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest , aboard military troop transport vehicles , through a dangerous lost temple guarded by a supernatural power . The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim , California on March 3 , 1995 , and opened to the general public on March 4 , 1995 . A second , and nearly identical , version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4 , 2001 at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba , Japan , unrelated to the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eaaffc1dab8035bf39cb853305b3e3a2", "text": "Jodie Foster Alicia Christian `` Jodie '' Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television . She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation . Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965 , and two years later moved to acting in television series , with the sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. being her debut . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children 's films . Foster 's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a teenage prostitute ; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award . Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) , Candleshoe ( 1977 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) . After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition to adult roles until winning widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of a rape survivor in The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won several awards , including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe . She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs , where she played Clarice Starling , an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate ( 1991 ) , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , gaining another nomination for an Academy Award . Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby , Western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . Her second film direction , Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , was not well-received commercially , while critical reviews were mixed . After career setbacks in the early 2000s , which included the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company , Foster starred in four thrillers , Panic Room ( 2002 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) and The Brave One ( 2007 ) . She has focused on directing in the 2010s , directing the films The Beaver ( 2011 ) and Money Monster ( 2016 ) , as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and House of Cards . She also starred in the film Elysium ( 2013 ) . In addition to her two Academy Awards , Foster has won three BAFTA Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2102e8061b1d16df9fe2e061d18020c2", "text": "Screen Actors Guild Award The Screen Actors Guild Award ( also known as the SAG Award ) is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA ) to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television . The statuette given , a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy , is called `` The Actor '' . It is 16 in tall , weighs over 12 lb , is cast in solid bronze , and produced by the American Fine Arts Foundry in Burbank , California . SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995 . Nominations for the awards come from two committees , one for film and one for television , each numbering 2100 members of the union , randomly selected anew each year , with the full membership ( 165,000 as of 2012 ) available to vote for the winners . It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards . The awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT , and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS . The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25 , 1995 from Universal Studios ' Stage 12 . The second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium , while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058b6d4a35a09f13f88d9822d9f9efe2", "text": "Bugsy Malone Bugsy Malone is a 1976 British musical gangster comedy film , directed by Alan Parker and featuring only child actors . Set in New York City , the film is loosely based on events in New York and Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931 during Prohibition , specifically the exploits of real-life gangsters like Al Capone and Bugs Moran , as dramatized in cinema . Parker lightened the subject matter considerably for the children 's market ; in the U.S. the film received a G rating . The film was Parker 's feature-length directorial debut , introduced actor Scott Baio , and featured a 13-year old Jodie Foster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7446497c63b64abfc2cb50f330edc6c4", "text": "The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster , Anthony Hopkins , and Scott Glenn . Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter ; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer , the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter , preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter in 1986 . In the film , Clarice Starling , a young U.S. FBI trainee , seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer , known only as `` Buffalo Bill '' . The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14 , 1991 , and grossed $ 272.7 million worldwide against its $ 19 million budget . It was only the third film , the other two being It Happened One Night and One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director , and Adapted Screenplay . It is also the first ( and so far only ) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film , and only the third such film to be nominated in the category , after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975 . The film is considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role , followed by two prequels : Red Dragon ( 2002 ) and Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f753b694fd08e9bf41572f920209c4a", "text": "Nell (film) Nell is a 1994 American drama film starring Jodie Foster as a young woman who has to face other people for the first time after being raised by her mother in an isolated cabin . The film also co-starred Liam Neeson , Natasha Richardson , Richard Libertini , and Nick Searcy . The film was directed by Michael Apted , and was based on Mark Handley 's play Idioglossia . The play was inspired by Handley 's time living in the Cascade Mountains in the 1970s , and the story of Poto and Cabengo , a pair of twins who created their own language . The original music score is composed by Mark Isham . Foster was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role . She also won the first Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . The film was given a limited release on December 16 , 1994 , before expanding into wide release on December 23 , 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9624a44f539e4a76f720f83c5a690fa", "text": "The Accused (1988 film) The Accused is a 1988 Canadian-American drama film written by Tom Topor and directed by Jonathan Kaplan . It starred Jodie Foster and Kelly McGillis . The film is set in Washington state and filmed in Vancouver , Canada . The film was loosely based on the 1983 gang rape of Cheryl Araujo in New Bedford , Massachusetts , and the resulting trial , which received national coverage . This film was one of the first Hollywood films to portray rape graphically . The film was well received . Jodie Foster portrayed Sarah Tobias , the victim , earning the Academy Award for Best Actress , the film 's sole nomination . This was the first time that the lead actress won the Best Actress Academy Award without the film being nominated in any other category since 1962 , when Sophia Loren won Best Actress for her performance in Two Women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da0d9da42e54492d680057608aaa38ac", "text": "Taxi Driver Taxi Driver is a 1976 American vigilante film with neo-noir and psychological thriller elements , directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader . Set in New York City following the Vietnam War , the film stars Robert De Niro , and features Jodie Foster , Harvey Keitel , Cybill Shepherd , Peter Boyle , and Albert Brooks . Nominated for four Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Taxi Driver won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival . It is regularly cited by critics , film directors , and audiences alike as one of the greatest films of all time . In 2012 , Sight & Sound named it the 31st-best film ever in its decennial critics ' poll , ranked with The Godfather Part II , and the fifth-greatest film of all time on its directors ' poll . The film was considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the US Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1994 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e93def3c33fc71f8fc7c7bf71e82d", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . From 1997 to 2007 , the award was presented as Outstanding Musical Production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c17dcd37553dda4ac0ab104ac1ea9", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ca3499a1823877b5563a03a8af4ec3", "text": "Theatre of the United Kingdom Theatre of United Kingdom plays an important part in British culture , and the countries that constitute the UK have had a vibrant tradition of theatre since the Renaissance with roots doing back to the Roman occupation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ddc9ab58b801f6f8eb3bd4fe0761f9b", "text": "Real Circumstance Theatre Company Real Circumstance Theatre Company is a not-for-profit theatre company based in Essex that delivers work nationally and internationally . Real Circumstance develops and produces new plays by emergent writers , and plays generated by the Company through improvisation . Real Circumstance is run by Artistic Director Dan Sherer and Creative Producer Anna Bewick . Actors that Real Circumstance has worked with include Keeley Forsyth , Lawrence Werber , Ben Caplan , Jot Davies , Tamsin Joanna Kennard , Toby Sawyer , Kate Donmall , and Caroline Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d9bf316285e4f416a00a7948d72dca", "text": "Theatre and Performance Research Association The Theatre and Performance Research Association , or TaPRA for short , is an academic organisation focusing on theatre , drama and performance . It was founded in 2005 . Academics from drama and theatre departments at Kent , Leeds , Royal Holloway , Warwick , QMUL , Birmingham , Manchester , Nottingham Trent , Bristol , Central School of Speech and Drama , Lancaster , Sheffield , Roehampton , Glasgow , Exeter and Trinity College , Dublin formed the initial steering group . TaPRA describes its aim as `` to foster research that : enables links between practitioners and scholars within performance disciplines and across cognate fields ; liaises with specialist organisations and groupings ; encourages early career research in theatre and performance . '' Membership is largely British and Irish , although international members are welcomed , regularly contributing at conferences and symposia . Individual academics pay an annual fee to become members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bec9df4cc2f8d6ae780ecfbfb124347f", "text": "Scottish Theatre Company The Scottish Theatre Company was started in 1980 under the direction of Dundee-born actor Ewan Hooper who had revived the Greenwich Theatre , London in 1969 , but for most of its 8 years it was directed by his successor Tom Fleming . From its production base in Glasgow , where its home theatre was the Theatre Royal , it set out its policy of presenting Scottish and international classic drama , and commissioned new plays of Scottish drama . It toured nationally and appeared at the Edinburgh International Festival . The company represented British Theatre at the International Theatre Biennale in Warsaw in 1986 with Sir David Lyndsay 's Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaites . Despite attracting large audiences and its success in securing commercial sponsorship , including Scottish Television , it was brought to an end when the Scottish Arts Council stopped its annual funding . Papers relating to the administration and productions of the Scottish Theatre Company , including papers relating to administration , productions , finance , sponsorship and publicity , 1980-1987 are deposited in Glasgow University Library Special Collections Scottish Theatre Archive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e13cf38e0fe4a250836a7885ef789c5", "text": "Hull Truck Theatre The Hull Truck Theatre is a theatre in Kingston upon Hull , England which presents substantial drama productions . It also tours its productions on a regular basis . The theatre was founded in 1971 by actor Mike Bradwell when he could not find work . He placed an ad ' in Time Out magazine saying , `` Half-formed theatre company seeks other half '' . The first production , `` The Children of the Lost Planet '' was a success though , like many new companies , it had meagre audiences . This experience led the company to fall back on performing plays for children . They started to get a good reputation for children 's theatre . However , in 1974 , the play `` Knowledge '' was performed and , although over half the audience had walked out , the critical acclaim of Guardian reviewer Robin Thornber led to the Bush Theatre becoming interested and staging the production . John Godber became artistic director in 1984 although at first he was unaware of how much the Hull Truck Theatre was struggling financially . He had been making a good living as a teacher but the idea of being able to produce some of his own works led him to accept the post . He decided that the best way to improve sales and the success of the company was to write a play relevant to its audiences . He wrote `` Up n ' Under '' a play about the rugby league in Hull which proved to be a success . One of Hull Truck 's most performed and famous plays is John Godber 's `` Bouncers '' . This celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2007 and was the final play to be performed before moving to the new venue . From 1983 the company was based in its venue in Spring Street but a new 440 seat theatre has been built for the company , as part of the St. Stephen 's development . This has cost # 14.5 million and opened on 23 April 2009 . The opening production started its run on 25 April 2009 and was the premier of the John Godber play Funny Turns . Hull Truck was the venue chosen to host the launch of Hull 's Larkin 25 Festival in June 2010 . In July 2010 Andrew Smaje was appointed chief executive to develop its programme and to entice new audiences . In September 2012 the company were nominated for The Renee Stepham Award for Best Presentation of Touring Theatre at TMA Theatre Awards . This was for its touring productions of The Lady in the Van by Alan Bennett , DNA by Dennis Kelly and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde adapted by Nick Lane . In October 2012 Hull city centre was awarded Purple Flag status for the quality of the city 's nightlife . The Association of Town Centre Management praised Hull Truck Theatre in particular `` for its outstanding contribution '' to entertainment for city centre users . In January 2013 Hull Truck Theatre were nominated for Best Visiting Production at the Manchester Theatre Awards for DNA by Dennis Kelly . In April 2013 Mike Bradwell returned to direct for the company for the first time in over 30 years , directing the world premiere of Queen of the Nile by Tim Fountain . In May 2013 Mark Babych was appointed Artistic Director of the company . In April 2014 , it was reported that the theatre had received # 400,000 in grants from Arts Council England and Hull City Council because of a financial crisis at the venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c6ca7c80ccbe3b3dc4901591d4fa382", "text": "Southbank Theatre Southbank Theatre is a performing arts venue located in the Southbank region of Melbourne , Victoria . It is the principal home of the Melbourne Theatre Company . The theatre was designed by ARM Architecture ( Ashton Raggatt McDougall ) , and opened in January 2009 with a production of Poor Boy starring Guy Pearce . The theatre is adjacent to the Melbourne Recital Centre venue on Southbank Boulevard , with the two buildings constructed simultaneously . The distinctive geometric shapes on the theatre 's facade were inspired by the paintings of the American abstract expressionist artist Al Held . The theatre contains two performance spaces : the 559-seat `` Sumner '' , and the smaller `` Lawler '' with 150 seats . These were named after director John Sumner and playwright Ray Lawler respectively . The theatre is also home to Script Bar & Bistro , function rooms and foyers and two foyer bars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0730e2463c9e3749d658335e9426ea8", "text": "Theatre criticism Theatre criticism is a genre of art criticism , and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera . Some major newspapers cover the arts in some form and theatre criticism may be included as a part of this arts coverage . In the 21st century theatre criticism has grown in online venues , such as e-magazines and blogs , while criticism in newspapers has shrunk . Recent research shows that despite the different medium , online critics may be as trusted as theatre critics who write for newspapers . Specialist media exists to cover most artistic disciplines , in this field one such publication is The Stage ( see our theatre magazines category for more ) . As with other forms of criticism it may use its own technical language to convey what the reviewer has seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74cf992167550ba261d9806cbcbc0fd9", "text": "Finborough Theatre The Finborough Theatre is a fifty-seat theatre in the West Brompton area of London ( part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea ) under artistic directorship of Neil McPherson . The theatre presents new British writing , as well as UK and world premieres of new plays primarily from the English speaking world including North America , Canada , Ireland , and Scotland including work in the Scots language . The venue also presents music theatre , and rarely seen rediscovered 19th and 20th century plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e3d64c3739bd4903d25e35822950436", "text": "Encore Theatre Magazine Encore Theatre Magazine is an online magazine relating to contemporary theatre published in the United Kingdom . A monthly internet publication begun in May 2003 , it was inspired by the defunct magazine of the same title ( Encore ) , which had a brief but influential life from 1954 to 1965 : Articles published in the original Encore have been reprinted in a volume entitled The Encore Reader : A Chronicle of New Drama . According to Robert Brustein , the original magazine Encore embodied both the virtues and the failings of the movement it examined ; he criticizes it for being `` bursting with energy , vigor , and excitement '' but being `` seriously lacking in balanced judgments or penetrating ideas . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5be4830be2dd24b174f147cb7d978329", "text": "David Hill (arts director) David Hill is a theatre and arts director and producer , founder of the leading UK cultural events and arts agency ArtReach which initiates , develops and produces extraordinary creative arts projects and programmes . Hill has created and produced the innovative Night of Festivals project , produced the world 's largest interactive video artwork ( Under Scan by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer ) in Trafalgar Square , London and in public spaces across the UK East Midlands and created/delivered a range of high-profile new arts events such Three Cities Create and Connect , The Lyric Lounge and Dance in the Park . He has also delivered projects in Barcelona , India and the West Indies . Born in Birmingham , and following a degree in Drama and English at Hull University , Hill started his career as a theatre practitioner with renowned theatre companies such as Welfare State International , IOU Theatre and the Pip Simmons Theatre Group . Appointed as the first Marketing Director at the 2,000 seat Birmingham Hippodrome , he established the marketing and publicity department for the venue during two major capital refurbishments of the Hippodrome in the 1980s . During this period the theatre was established as a premier touring venue and as a home to Welsh National Opera and Sadler 's Wells Royal Ballet ( now Birmingham Royal Ballet ) . Returning to a role as theatre director , writer and actor , Hill established the pioneering Theatre Station Blyth in Northumberland , leading a team of theatre professionals in developing original community theatre with 100 unemployed adults , winning a National Training Award , and being shortlisted with the RSC and Jiving Lindy Hoppers for the prestigious , national Sainsbury Arts in Education Awards . During this time Hill created and directed shows , including The Tale of the Corn Woman , The TV Addict , Stitch-Up , Seven and War Bonds . In 1995 Theatre Station was reinvented and re-launched by Fran Castle and Alison Walton-Robson as the award-winning Headway Theatre . As an associate director at the Everyman Theatre in Cheltenham in the early 1990s , Hill had particular responsibility for new theatre writing , working with playwrights such as Jude Alderson , Barrie Keeffe , Peter McGarry and David Calcutt . Shows directed included All Change , A Caucasian Chalk Circle , The Way of the World , The Mystery Plays , Belonging , Family Affairs , Romeo and Juliet , A Midsummer Night 's Dream , Julius Caesar and The Terrible Fate of Humpty Dumpty , with co-directing work on Macbeth and Jane Eyre . In 1994 , following the playwright 's death , he produced and directed The Official Tribute to Dennis Potter persuading Michael Grade ( Channel 4 TV ) and Alan Yentob ( BBC 1 ) to jointly support and participate in the project . For this high-profile event Hill directed contributions from , amongst others , Alan Bates , Gemma Craven , Imelda Staunton , George Baker , Frank Finlay , Douglas Henshall , Kika Markham and Corin Redgrave , and also engaged and produced participation from writers and broadcasters Lynda La Plante , Alan Plater , Sheena MacDonald , Piers Haggard , Kennith Trodd and Melvyn Bragg . As director of the Arts Management Centre ( a business unit of The Management Centre ) in 1994/5 , Hill implemented and delivered national arts training programmes and designed and delivered the first national conference on the arts lottery . From 1996 he project directed all aspects of the design and building of Maidenhead 's # 10 million new arts centre , Norden Farm Centre for the Arts . He opened the Centre by producing two special galas with contributors including Michael Parkinson , Lesley Garrett , Timothy West , Prunella Scales , Jimmy Tarbuck , Laurie Holloway , Marion Montgomery , Ronnie Corbett and Rolf Harris . Over fifteen years since 1996 , Hill has developed ArtReach working with partners such as Arts Council England , Museums Libraries and Archives Council ( MLA ) , Renaissance , Sport England , the Crafts Council , many Local Authorities , Regional Development Agencies , arts organisations and venues ( international , national , regional and local ) and individual artists . In 2005/6 ArtReach commissioned international artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer to create Under Scan , which subsequently was taken to Venice Biennale in 2007 and produced by Hill in Trafalgar Square in 2008 . Hill co-wrote the book Under Scan with Lozano-Hemmer , published in 2006 . Hill has been an adviser to West Midlands Arts , Northern Arts and South West Arts in the UK and is a Trustee ( Vice Chair ) of Curve ( theatre ) ( major new performing arts centre in Leicester , UK ) . He has previously been a board member/adviser for Triangle Arts Centre , Playtrain , Midlands Arts Centre and Worcester Swan Theatre . He has been an assessor for the UK Regional Arts Lottery Programme and has been an assessor to Arts Council England for both Capital and Arts for Everyone programmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17363496bff693c757da75de93acb169", "text": "The Jubilee The Jubilee is a 1769 play by the British playwright and actor-manager David Garrick . It was based on his Shakespeare Pageant which he had originally planned to stage during the Shakespeare Jubilee in Stratford-upon-Avon until heavy rain forced it to be abandoned . It was first performed at the Drury Lane Theatre on 14 October 1769 and proved a major success , running for ninety performances . This allowed Garrick to recoup much of the money he had spent on the Jubilee celebrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef34fe5b182e6e272501456b95483b6", "text": "Aylesbury Waterside Theatre Aylesbury Waterside Theatre is a # 47 million theatre in Aylesbury , England , United Kingdom presenting a range of West End and touring musicals and plays , along with performances of opera and ballet and a Christmas pantomime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d110329fc10f48a96d9226ffa7dba61", "text": "The Brewhouse Theatre & Arts Centre The Brewhouse Theatre and Arts Centre ( or The Brewhouse ) is the largest theatre and arts centre in Taunton , a town in Somerset , England . The building opened 28 March 1977 , on the banks of the River Tone , and offers a 350-seat auditorium and supporting studio and exhibition spaces . Its first professional production was Alan Ayckbourn 's The Norman Conquests , starring the then unknown David Jason . The administrative offices are on the first floor of a Georgian Grade II listed building which gives the theatre its name . In 2005 , Arts Council England announced that it would cut regular funding to The Brewhouse from 2006 , following a drop in artistic output . In September 2005 a new director Robert Miles was appointed to lead the artistic reinvigoration of the organisation , which now plays host to experimental theatre companies such as DEREVO , and No Fit State Circus . It was also the first theatre , apart from the Royal Court Theatre , to stage Caryl Churchill 's controversial play Seven Jewish Children . In 2009 , ongoing under funding , combined with the impact of recession and a subsequent threat of cuts meant the venue was once again put under threat of closure . With support from its stakeholders The Brewhouse overcame these immediate funding concerns , and in March 2010 it was announced that the organisation had been awarded # 487,500 from Arts Council England 's Sustain fund to allow it to continue to programme arts and participatory activities during the economic downturn . A feasibility study by ArtsService recommends the current site be expanded to create a 600 - to 750-seat auditorium , a larger gallery space and arthouse cinema with improved bar and catering provision as part of a new `` Coal Orchard '' - Taunton 's cultural quarter . The venue closed in February 2013 and went into administration . The venue reopened in April 2014 by the Taunton Theatre Association ( TTA ) , having been granted the lease from Taunton Deane Borough Council , who bought the 61-year lease of the site and its contents from administrator BDO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d273c8165269920394ae3b0d44bdd0e6", "text": "The Round The Round was a theatre-in-the-round in the Ouseburn Valley , Newcastle upon Tyne , England . The region 's first theatre-in-the-round , it specialised in theatre for children and young people . The Round opened in September 2007 , and was home to the Bruvvers Theatre Company . The building in which The Round was housed is a former flax mill designed by John Dobson in 1848 . The 180-seat theatre slotted behind a listed facade in a courtyard space between warehouses on Lime Street . The Round was conceived by the Bruvvers Theatre Company artistic director Mike Mould who bought the derelict Cluny building in 1982 with the intention of creating a theatre within its walls . In 2005 , Mould sent a letter to his friends asking each to donate # 1 to help fund the cost of building the theatre . Bruvvers director and television scriptwriter Julie Blackie suggested alternative methods of fundraising . The theatre had one wall with a fixed block of 40 seats and three balconies , with the remaining seats moveable according to the needs of each production According to the company , there was `` one main route onto the stage for the performers , but also a few secret passages to add an element of surprise . '' The company filed for voluntary liquidation in May 2008 , just eight months after its launch . The Round Theatre had been built with capital funding from a consortium of parties in the Ouseburn district of Newcastle but had failed to secure funding for programming or administrative costs . Directors Jeannie Adams and Julie Blackie decided to cease trading and begin liquidation proceedings . Average houses of just 52 % fell far short of the 70 % capacity the company had budgeted to break even .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6d119cab407edd1bf60d2fbf43f9525c", "text": "D. B. Weiss Daniel Brett Weiss ( born April 23 , 1971 ) is an American author , screenwriter , producer , and director . Along with his collaborator David Benioff , he is best known as screenwriter , executive producer , and sometimes director of Game of Thrones , the HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin 's series of books A Song of Ice and Fire . His 2003 debut novel , Lucky Wander Boy , is themed around video games .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b68f615ee7357523e1bdc3831837d9dc", "text": "Alix Strauss Alix Strauss is a four-time published author and media social satirist based in Manhattan . She has been a featured trend journalist on CBS , CNN , ABC , NBC 's today show and various national morning and talk shows . Her articles have appeared in The New York Post , Time Magazine , The New York Times , Marie Claire , Entertainment Weekly , Self , and many other publications . Her four published books include her two non-fiction works Have I Got A Guy For You and Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous , and the Notorious , and her two works of fiction The Joy of Funerals and Based Upon Availability . She was chosen as a speaker for both the Jewish Book Council and Israel Bonds . Strauss also spoke last year at the University of Connecticut 's suicide prevention week in conjunction with Death Becomes Them . Strauss lectures extensively not only for bookstores and book clubs , but at conferences , colleges and universities , synagogues , libraries , country clubs , etc. . For her most recently published novel Based Upon Availability , a novel that takes place in Manhattan 's swanky Four Seasons Hotel , Strauss designed a book tour around hotels . She is in fact known for her unusual reading events and was quoted by Publishers Weekly to say `` I believe in finding venues that are in keeping with the theme of one 's work . '' True to her words , Strauss held the launch party for her first novel The Joy of Funerals at the Frank E. Campbell funeral home . She also held a reading for Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous & the Notorious at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6a6e3998e72a3dabc2f53be795e415", "text": "Theodore S. Weiss Theodore S. `` Ted '' Weiss ( September 17 , 1927 -- September 14 , 1992 ) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York serving from 1977 until his death from heart failure in New York City in 1992 . Weiss was born in Gáva , Hungary and emigrated to the United States in 1938 as his family fled the Nazi invasion of Hungary . He grew up in Perth Amboy , New Jersey . Weiss served in the United States Army from 1946 until 1947 . He graduated from Syracuse University in 1951 , earning a law degree from Syracuse University College of Law in 1952 . In 1953 , Weiss became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Between 1955 and 1959 , he served as assistant New York County , New York ( Manhattan ) district attorney , before leaving the position to return to private practice . From 1962 until 1976 , Weiss was a member of the New York City Council . He was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention . Weiss was elected to Congress in 1976 , representing most of Manhattan 's West Side , and served from January 3 , 1977 , until his death . Weiss was known for his avid support of liberal causes , including civil rights , open government , and the arts . He served on the House Committee on Banking , Finance , and Urban Affairs , the House Committee on Government Operations , and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs . In 1985 Weiss headed a committee that found 90 percent of the twenty to thirty thousand new drugs used on farm animals had not been approved by the FDA in violation of the Federal Food , Drug , and Cosmetic Act . They also found that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) failed to remove several drugs already known to be carcinogens . Weiss died three days before the state 's Democratic primary election . Due to the Congressman 's ailing health , five Democrats appeared on the ballot to challenge him . Nonetheless , Weiss posthumously won the primary by a huge margin . State Assemblyman Jerry Nadler was named to replace Weiss on the ballot and was handily elected in November ; Nadler still holds the seat . The Ted Weiss Federal Building in Lower Manhattan , adjacent to the African Burial Ground National Monument , has been named in Weiss ' honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fb1be0b550620747088cd20afb246e7", "text": "Lizzy Weiss Lizzy Weiss is an American screenwriter , television producer and television writer . Weiss was born and raised in Los Angeles , California . After graduating from Duke University in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Women 's Studies she continued her education in New York University and got an M.A. in Communication in 1993 . After she finished her schooling she did a number of writing jobs until in 1999 Weiss wrote for the MTV original film Holding Patterns . This was the first time that she was paid for her writing . Although the film did not air , she was hired again by MTV to write for the TV series Undressed . While writing for MTV she was given an article called Surf Girls of Maui from Outside magazine . She wrote a script for a film that was similar to the article . After John Stockwell was hired to direct the film Blue Crush , Weiss was chosen to write for the film . Weiss ' other television credits include Cashmere Mafia and the ABC Family series Switched at Birth , in which she is creator and executive producer . In 2012 , Weiss won the 2012 Gracie Allen Award for Outstanding Producer for Switched at Birth . Switched at Birth was also honored with 2013 Peabody Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce69aef97958b78e9b8ede66d0605983", "text": "Michael Weiss Michael Weiss may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "092ed9b4bf59052fe915a4a4a6257211", "text": "The Weiss School The Weiss School is a private school for gifted children in Palm Beach Gardens , FL , founded in 1989 by Elizabeth and Martin Weiss . It is the only school in Southeast Florida exclusively dedicated to educating gifted students . In 2010 the school officially became a 501c3 organization . With about 245 students , it goes from grades Pre-K 3 to 8th grade . Each grade contains about 20 to 30 students . The average faculty to student ratio is 1:10 . Since its establishment , it has undergone many expansions . It is unique among elementary and middle schools because of its focus on STEAM : science , technology , engineering , arts and mathematics . In 2013 , the school upgraded its Science program for grades K-8 to teach the Full Option Science System , a research-based science curriculum developed at the Lawrence Hall of Science , University of California , Berkeley with grants from the National Science Foundation . In grades 3-5 , band is compulsory . The Music department includes a show choir , band and theater . The Weiss School has an excellent fine art program led by David Tripp . The Drama department puts on full-scale musicals , talent shows , and other productions . The school also features a special academic Taekwondo program , which starts in kindergarten . Recent Noteworthy Distinctions On its seven-acre campus , the school maintains a large garden of fruits and vegetables tended after school by student-volunteers . The idea of a student-tended garden grown on the campus and then donated to the needy was developed by two middle school students . The harvest is donated to local food banks . In 2010 , A Weiss student was one of 30 finalists named from 1,476 entries of middle-school science fair participants for the inaugural Broadcom MASTERS - short for Math , Applied Science , Technology and Engineering for Rising Stars - national science fair competition . Science fair ... In 2013 and 2014 , one of its students was a finalist at the National Spelling Bee in Washington , D.C. In 2013 , a former student gained admission to the University of Oxford ( United Kingdom ) . In 2014 , a Weiss student was among 300 semifinalists in the Broadcom MASTERS . In 2014 , the Weiss School team finished in first place in Palm Beach County in the MathCounts competition . Its top student earned a place on the Florida team , which finished in ninth place in the national MathCounts competition . In 2014 , a Weiss School student represented Palm Beach County at the state Science Fair . In December 2014 , a Weiss School student won the U.S. Kids Holiday Classic Golf Championship that was played on the Fazio course at PGA National Resort in Palm Beach Gardens , which featured 300 junior golfers from around the world . In 2015 , the African Library Project named the Weiss School a 2014 Global Literacy Champion for its hard work and effort in providing for a library at the Letsunyane Primary School in Lesotho . In 2015 , two Weiss School students represented Palm Beach County at the State Science Fair . One won fourth place in Zoology , while the other won honorable mention in Botany . In 2015 , the Miami Dolphins selected a 13-year-old Weiss student to present their first-round NFL draft pick with his jersey after the Weiss student sent the team an electronic resume explaining why the sports organization should hire him . ( See the news story about the Weiss School student who sent his electronic resume to the Miami Dolphins . Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAOBxMDvkLk )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5826253813b00a6013d4c813d74df2c", "text": "Jed Buchwald Jed Z. Buchwald is Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at Caltech . He was previously director of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT . He won a MacArthur Fellowship in 1995 . Buchwald 's publications include several full books and edited history-of-science essay collections : 1985 -- From Maxwell to Microphysics : Aspects of Electromagnetic Theory in the Last Quarter of the Nineteenth Century 1989 -- The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light : Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century 1993 -- Einstein Papers Project Vol . 3 ( one of nine contributing editors ) 1994 -- The Creation of Scientific Effects : Heinrich Hertz and electric waves 1995 -- Scientific Practice : Theories and Stories of Doing Physics ( editor ) 1996 -- Scientific Credibility and Technical Standards in 19th and Early 20th Century Germany and Britain ( editor ) 2000 -- Isaac Newton 's Natural Philosophy ( editor , with I. Bernard Cohen ) 2001 -- Histories of the Electron : The Birth of Microphysics ( editor , with Andrew Warwick ) 2005 -- Wrong for the Right Reasons ( editor , with Allan Franklin ) 2010 - The Zodiac of Paris : How an Improbable Controversy Over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern Debate Over Religion and Science ( with Diane Greco Josefowicz ) 2012 - Newton and the Origin of Civilization ( with Mordechai Feingold ) Buchwald is also the general editor of the book series `` Dibner Institute Studies in the History of Science and Technology '' and of the book series `` Archimedes : New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology , '' as well as managing editor of the book series `` Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and the Physical Sciences . '' Buchwald , together with Jeremy Gray , serves as editor-in-chief of the Springer journal Archive for History of Exact Sciences . Jed 's wife Diana Kormos Buchwald is the director of the Einstein Papers Project at Caltech .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4737377f03c9e19a92e6c118c1c4c7e4", "text": "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy is a book by John Mearsheimer , Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago , and Stephen Walt , Professor of International Relations at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University , published in late August 2007 . It was a New York Times Best Seller . The book describes the lobby as a `` loose coalition of individuals and organizations who actively work to steer U.S. foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction '' . The book `` focuses primarily on the lobby 's influence on U.S. foreign policy and its negative effect on American interests '' . The authors also argue that `` the lobby 's impact has been unintentionally harmful to Israel as well '' . Both Mearsheimer and Walt argue that although `` the boundaries of the Israel lobby can not be identified precisely '' , it `` has a core consisting of organizations whose declared purpose is to encourage the U.S. government and the American public to provide material aid to Israel and to support its government 's policies , as well as influential individuals for whom these goals are also a top priority '' . They note that `` not every American with a favorable attitude to Israel is part of the lobby '' , and that although `` the bulk of the lobby is Jewish Americans '' , there are many American Jews who are not part of the lobby , and the lobby also includes Christian Zionists . They also claim a drift of important groups in `` the lobby '' to the right , and overlap with the neoconservatives . The book was preceded by a paper commissioned by The Atlantic Monthly and written by Mearsheimer and Walt . The Atlantic Monthly rejected the paper , and it was published elsewhere . The paper attracted considerable controversy , both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ffc80c00a8e473a3012afbaa61e05d", "text": "World Bank Infoshop The InfoShop was a non-profit bookstore in Washington , D.C. run by the World Bank `` specializing in economics and international development ... current events , history , banking and finance , plus travel guides , reference books and international fiction , '' including `` deeply discounted '' and remainder books . The shop offers discounts to students , and to customers who work in government , NGOs , or the World Bank . The InfoShop has been described as `` wonky '' by the Washington Post . Since 2005 , the InfoShop has featured public programs with `` up-and-coming and internationally known authors . '' In 2006 , the InfoShop became home to the first installation of the beta version of the Espresso Book Machine . As of 2010 World Bank Publications ( the World Bank Group 's publishing organization ) was recovering roughly two-thirds of the costs of operating the store through sales -- in part , because the publications of the World Bank are also made available free of charge online . In October 2012 , Occupy D.C. blockaded the doors of the InfoShop as a part of a protest against the World Bank , Verizon , Wells Fargo , and PNC Bank . The shop also sold children 's books , world music CDs , books and audio for learning languages , gifts , and stationery supplies with the World Bank logo . The World Bank Infoshop closed in October 2016 after 20 years of operation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "114cb024128554e124eaf2d607b556b7", "text": "Johannes Weiss Johannes Weiss ( December 13 , 1863 -- August 24 , 1914 ) was a German Protestant theologian and Biblical exegete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41b2b3b540cefc2748e997ab1727580", "text": "David S. Weiss David S. Weiss is an American comedy writer . He has written for Dennis Miller Live , CNBC 's `` Dennis Miller '' , The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn , and Penn & Teller : Bullshit ! . In 2005 , he ran unsuccessfully for the Writers Guild of America board of directors . From March 2007 , he was Dennis Miller 's talk radio sidekick on The Dennis Miller Show , where he was referred to as `` Salman , '' or `` Sal '' . Miller assigned Weiss the moniker early in their time working together , due to his purported resemblance to Sir Salman Rushdie . He was also referred to as `` Count Dracu-sal '' and an eerie organ music cue ( Johann Sebastian Bach 's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor ) was played whenever he made funny and/or cryptic remarks that reflected his penchant for black comedy . Miller also frequently referred to `` Sal '' as his `` go-to Jew '' , when he needed some inside information on Jewish culture and customs . Weiss is a banjo player . On February 17 , 2009 , after not missing a radio show for the first two years , Dennis Miller nicknamed the dark-humored comic the `` Cal Ripken of Hate '' . During the February 22nd , 2010 show , it was announced on air Weiss would be leaving the show February 26 to pursue other opportunities . He is married to television writer and story editor Joan Binder Weiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb89410f44f522d62482ee6060fc60a1", "text": "Bible The Bible ( from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία , tà biblía , `` the books '' ) is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans . Many different authors contributed to the Bible . What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups ; a number of Bible canons have evolved , with overlapping and diverging contents . The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint ; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh . The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians , believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ , written in first-century Koine Greek . These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives , letters , and apocalyptic writings . Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon , primarily the Apocrypha , a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect . Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups . Roman Catholics , Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition , while Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura , or scripture alone . This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation , and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching . With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies , the Bible is widely considered to be the best-selling book of all time . It has estimated annual sales of 100 million copies , and has been a major influence on literature and history , especially in the West , where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a8fa7e4b373d6e66592469006b7765c", "text": "ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror ISIS : Inside the Army of Terror is a 2015 non-fiction book by the journalists Michael Weiss and Hassan Hassan . The book details the rise and inner workings of the terrorist group ISIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb956f67a42d6bbcf46a2ad7f6155a51", "text": "Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers . The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931 . It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only . The following month the list was expanded to eight cities , with a separate list for each city . By the early 1940s , fourteen cities were included . A national list was created 9 April 1942 , in The New York Times Book Review ( Sundays ) as a supplement to the regular paper 's city lists ( Monday edition ) . The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list . A few years later , the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings , which was compiled according to `` reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities , '' a system which remains , although the specifics have changed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7255a6eb3d02229cd889ee8638325413", "text": "David Eisenbach David Eisenbach is a historian and an expert on media and politics . Eisenbach received a B.A. in modern European history from Columbia University , an M.A. in history education from Teachers College , Columbia University , and an M.A. and a PhD in American history from the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . At Columbia he teaches courses on the U.S. presidency and media and politics . At the Manhattan School of Music he teaches the great works of Western literature and philosophy , American history , Shakespeare 's tragedies , and the culture and history of the 1960s . Straight historian Dr. Eisenbach 's first book , Gay Power : An American Revolution , published in June 2006 , is a history of how the gay rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s transformed American politics and society . The American Library Association named Gay Power a 2007 Stonewall honor book , and it was a finalist for the 2007 Lambda Literary Awards in LGBT Studies . Eisenbach 's second book , The Kingmakers : How the Media Threatens Our Security and Our Democracy , was co-written with Senator Mike Gravel . Publishers Weekly wrote that The Kingmakers `` ought to be essential reading for all Americans . '' Dr. Eisenbach was the communications director for Senator Mike Gravel 's 2008 presidential election campaign . Along with Larry Flynt , Eisenbach co-wrote One Nation Under Sex ( 2011 ) which documents how the private lives of America 's most powerful leaders shaped history . ( ISBN 978-0230105034 ) . Eisenbach is a featured expert for History Channel productions : -- Host of the History.com web series `` Vote 101 ; '' -- A featured historian on the Emmy Award-winning TV series `` Great Moments on the Campaign Trial ; '' -- Host and co-writer of `` The Beltway Unbuckled '' ( 2009 ) , a special on how the sex lives of several presidents shaped American history ; and , -- Host for the H2 Channel TV series 10 Things You Do n't Know About that debuted on February 27 , 2012 . -- A featured historian on The Making of the Mob : Chicago . Eisenbach was the celebrity history teacher on Season 2 of the Sundance Channel 's Dream School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d133c226f8aea0083555201cad2cf638", "text": "Hill & Wang Hill & Wang is an American book publishing company focused on American history , world history , and politics . It is a division of Farrar , Straus and Giroux . Hill & Wang was founded as an independent publishing house in 1956 by Arthur Wang ( 1917/18 -- 2005 ) and Lawrence Hill , who were both working at A. A. Wyn . They bought backlist books from Wyn and started Dramabooks , publishing plays in trade paperback , then a new format . The series included Jean Cocteau , Arthur L. Kopit and Lanford Wilson . In 1959 , Arthur Wang acquired Elie Wiesel 's Holocaust memoir , Night , which had been turned down by several English-language publishers , publishing it in 1960 . They continued to build the Hill & Wang list to include such authors as Roland Barthes , Langston Hughes , and American historians Stanley Kutler and William Cronon . In 1971 , the two sold Hill & Wang to Farrar , Straus and Giroux , and the imprint continues to be recognized for its high quality nonfiction . More recently , it has published authors such as Cass Sunstein , Philip Gura , John Allen Paulos , Melvyn Leffler , Thomas Bender , William Poundstone , Woody Holton , and Eric Rauchway . The imprint also launched a graphic line , `` Novel Graphics , '' when it published a graphic adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colón . It has since published several graphic biographies and works of graphic journalism , and a graphic adaptation of the United States Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db43eea05d33372e5b22310fe1c375c", "text": "George Weiss (producer) George G. Weiss ( born April 9 , 1921 ) is an American film producer who specialized in independent ` road show ' exploitation Z movies during the 1950s and sexploitation shockers in the 1960s that openly defied the motion picture production code of the day .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b413380177730ec03727f34b33987234", "text": "Trevor Noah Trevor Noah ( born 20 February 1984 ) is a South African television and radio host , and comedian , known for his role as host of The Daily Show on American network Comedy Central since September 2015 . Noah began his career as an actor , presenter , and comedian in South Africa . He held several television hosting roles with the South African Broadcasting Corporation , and was the runner-up in their fourth season of Strictly Come Dancing in 2008 . From 2010 -- 2011 , Noah was the creator and host of Tonight with Trevor Noah on M-Net and DStv . His stand-up comedy career attained international success , leading to appearances on American late-night talk shows and British panel shows . In December 2014 , Noah became the Senior International Correspondent for The Daily Show , an American satirical news program . The next year , he was announced as the successor of long-time host Jon Stewart , and has served as host of The Daily Show since 28 September 2015 . Although ratings for the show declined following Stewart 's departure , Noah 's tenure has been generally favourably reviewed , attracting particular attention for his interview with young conservative personality Tomi Lahren in late 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dc96e21b0ae2dee23a85c93ad6d3af8a", "text": "Trevor Boys Trevor Boys ( born November 3 , 1957 in Calgary , Alberta ) , is a Canadian race car driver . He raced in 102 Winston Cup races from 1982 to 1993 , posting two top-ten finishes , and ran six races in the Craftsman Truck Series in 2003 , his best finish a 22nd at Memphis Motorsports Park . In October 2006 , he attempted to start racing again with a team called H&K Motorsports . H&K Motorsports was a co-owned business with Eddie Kucharski . Boys made two NASCAR Busch Series starts in 2007 , both for Randy MacDonald . He started 40th at Milwaukee and finished nine laps down in 29th . His most recent NASCAR start was at the race in Montreal at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve . He started 41st and finished 35th with transmission troubles on the road course .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c475356e42fa0b30c54cbe8cc32b2c", "text": "Noah (Noah album) Noah is the debut studio album of the Danish duo Noah . It was released on 20 May 2013 on Copenhagen Records debuting at number 2 in its first week of release . The duo had already pre-released two successful singles from the album in 2012 , namely `` Alt er forbi '' and `` Over byen '' . Just prior to the release of the album , Noah released yet a third single `` Det ' okay '' from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08c7b951fadb3e5326a00e505dd6e5f3", "text": "Generations of Noah The Generations of Noah or Table of Nations ( of the Hebrew Bible ) is a genealogy of the sons of Noah and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood , focusing on the major known societies . The term `` nations '' to describe the descendants is a standard English translation of the Hebrew word `` goy '' , following the 400 CE Latin Vulgate 's `` nationes '' / `` nationibus '' , and does not have the same political connotations that the word entails today . The list of 70 names introduces for the first time a number of well known ethnonyms and toponyms important to biblical geography such as Noah 's three sons Shem , Ham and Japheth , from which were derived Semites , Hamites and Japhetites , certain of Noah 's grandsons including Elam , Ashur , Aram , Cush , and Canaan , from which the Elamites , Assyrians , Arameans , Cushites and Canaanites , as well as further descendants including Eber ( from which `` Hebrews '' ) , the hunter-king Nimrod , the Philistines and the sons of Canaan including Heth , Jebus and Amorus , from which Hittites , Jebusites and Amorites . As Christianity took over the Roman world , it adopted the idea that all the world 's peoples were descended from Noah . But the tradition of Hellenistic Jewish identifications of the ancestry of various peoples , which concentrates very much on the East Mediterranean and the Near East and is described below , became stretched and its historicity questioned . Not all Near Eastern people were covered , and northern peoples important to the Late Roman and medieval world , such as the Celtic , Slavic , Germanic and Nordic peoples were not covered , nor were others of the world 's peoples , such as sub-Saharan Africans , Native Americans and peoples of Central Asia , the Indian subcontinent , the Far East and Australasia . A variety of arrangements were devised by scholars in order to make the table fit , with for example the Scythians , who do feature in the tradition , being claimed as the ancestors of much of northern Europe . According to Joseph Blenkinsopp , the 70 names in the list express symbolically the unity of the human race , corresponding to the 70 descendants of Israel who go down into Egypt with Jacob at and the 70 elders of Israel who visit God with Moses at the covenant ceremony in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "453a5d84dab9dbe5475fc5b14814520e", "text": "Trevor Lloyd Trevor Lloyd may refer to : Trevor Lloyd ( artist ) ( 1863 -- 1937 ) , New Zealand artist , illustrator and cartoonist Trevor Lloyd ( geographer ) ( 1906 -- 1995 ) , Canadian geographer , Hans Egede Medal and Massey Medal recipient Trevor Lloyd ( rugby union ) ( born 1924 ) , former Wales international rugby union player Trevor Lloyd ( priest ) ( born 1938 ) , Anglican priest and author Trevor Lloyd ( footballer ) ( born 1952 ) , Australian rules football player for Fitzroy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc0b57512da34508f0827b5779eb62c9", "text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed . It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . ' The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger . The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com . The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec41d2795279afe8ed94fa0d72c67d4", "text": "Jewish athletics during the 20th century During the 20th century , specifically in the Interwar period , athletics became a point of social integration in Jewish communities throughout Europe . Specifically within German society , playing sports provided a chance for Jews to gain social standing and even notoriety for their accomplishments . Additionally , cheering for local area sports teams and clubs provided a common ( secular ) point of interest between Jews and non-Jews . While there are many instances of social integration and acceptance as a result of sports , antisemitism was common at sporting events in central Europe as well . Discrimination , provocation , and riots occurred at sporting events and in response to Jewish athletes , coaches , and managers . As such , the public perception of Jewish athletics was mixed , with notable examples of fame and antisemitism throughout the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7c1dd31a147fc08eaea0e11b23adcc", "text": "Noah Kin Noah Kin ( b. 1994 Oslo , Norway ) is a Finnish-Nigerian rapper and producer from Helsinki , Finland . His debut album `` No Matter the Season '' was released by Helsinki Freedom Records 30 . November 2011 . From his first album two songs , '' My Name Is Noah Kin '' and '' Underground '' was released as a bundle music video in September 2011 . Noah Kin 's second album 9fngrs was released 27 . June 2012 . And from this album the song '' the : passion '' was released as a music video . His third and latest album '' Now You See '' was released 21 . March 2014 . Noah Kin has studied in Helsinki 's Media Upper Secondary School . Noah Kin signed with the independent record label Cocoa Music for his third solo album in 2014 . The young rapper has opened for Wiz Khalifa , Kendrick Lamar and Earl Sweatshirt and performed alongside the legendary Oakland rap group The Coup in Finland . Despite his young age he has already performed in the United Kingdom , Germany , Norway , Austria , Switzerland , Estonia and in Eurosonic 2014 - where he got picked as one of the top 5 performers of Eurosonic by Switzerland 's radio SRF Virus . Albums No Matter the Season ( 2011 ) 9fngrs ( 2012 ) Now You See ( 2014 ) Music videos Intro / Underground ( 2011 ) the : passion ( 2012 ) 822 ( 2013 ) You Never Asked ( 2013 ) Sacred Order of the Pen Drama film Saattokeikka ( 2017 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f58197d17b2aef325827f21095ea646", "text": "20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9602b7567aca6e12aa15fc579b9532", "text": "Celebrate the Century Celebrate the Century is the name of a series of postage stamps made by the United States Postal Service featuring images recalling various important events in the 20th century in the United States . Ten of these sheets were issued , with each sheet depicting events of one decade of the 20th century , from the 1900s to 1990s . Fifteen stamps were embedded into each sheet . For the first eight sheets ( 1900s to 1970s ) of the fifteen stamps , one stamp of each sheet was printed using the intaglio process , while the remaining fourteen were offset printed along with the rest of the sheet . All the sheets were printed by the Ashton-Potter USA printing company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f32dcdb8f0541d327d3f36841f6cba18", "text": "Trevor Ferrell Trevor Ferrell ( b. ca. 1972 ) is an American citizen who , as a young teenager , caught the public 's eye for his efforts to assist homeless people . He started Trevor 's Campaign for the Homeless in 1983 , when he was 11 years old . On December 8 , 1983 , he watched a news program on street people . This prompted him to ask his parents , Frank and Janet Ferrell , how he could help . They drove their son into Philadelphia that night to give bedding to a homeless man who was sleeping on the sidewalk in front of the Union League in Center City . He and his parents later established a homeless shelter , Trevor 's Place . His parents also authored a book , also called Trevor 's Place , to further describe the actions thus accomplished , with a plea for further action . It was published in 1985 . Trevor Farrell 's work was recognized by President Ronald Reagan in the President 's 1986 State of the Union address . A TV movie dramatizing the shelter 's activities , titled Christmas on Division Street , aired in 1991 . It featured actor Fred Savage as Trevor . A 1994 episode of the series Lifestories : Families in Crisis , titled Brotherly Love : The Trevor Ferrell Story , also described his efforts . When Trevor was 18 , the family discontinued its efforts in the campaign . Trevor currently runs a thrift shop on Lancaster Avenue in Philadelphia . In 1985 , Ferrell received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under , an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed8ef926483cff7de2f422f20ccc00a", "text": "Trevor Watkis Trevor Watkis is a British jazz pianist , composer and arranger , born in London , United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbfc2636c151443aba0192f529f955ca", "text": "Trevor Butler (cricketer) Trevor Butler ( born 6 December 1958 ) is a former English cricketer . Butler was a right-handed batsman . He was born in Highgate , Middlesex . Butler made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1986 Minor Counties Championship against Cheshire . Butler played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1986 to 1990 , which included 20 Minor Counties Championship matches and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match . In 1987 , he made his List A debut against Somerset in the NatWest Trophy . He played 3 further List A matches for Buckinghamshire , the last coming against Nottinghamshire in the 1990 NatWest Trophy . In his 4 List A matches , he scored 79 runs at a batting average of 19.75 , with a high score of 44 . He also played Second XI cricket for the Northamptonshire Second XI in 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ecda76ebafb262ccf5ba1321e88cc0c", "text": "Noah Buxton Noah Buxton ( 6 November 1876 -- 26 May 1967 ) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire between 1902 and 1911 . Buxton was born at Codnor , Derbyshire , the son of William Buxton , a coal miner , and his wife Mary . In 1881 the family was living at Kirkby in Ashfield , Nottinghamshire . Buxton made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1902 season . In his opening match against Warwickshire in June , he achieved his best bowling performance of 2 for 14 . He played four more matches for Derbyshire during the 1902 season . In 1905 , he played for Staffordshire in a Minor Counties match and reappeared for Derbyshire for one match in the 1907 season . In 1909 he was playing minor counties cricket for Cheshire but put in two appearances for Derbyshire in the 1911 season . Buxton was a right-hand batsman and played 14 innings in 7 first class matches with an average of 3.33 and a top score of 7 . He was a right-arm fast-medium bowler and took five first class wickets at an average of 34.2 and a best performance of 2 for 14 . Buxton died at Pontefract , Yorkshire at the age of 90 . His nephew Joseph Buxton played cricket for Nottinghamshire in 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16c816023cceeefd0ba048584d707af", "text": "Century Falls Century Falls is a British cross-genre series broadcast in six twenty-five-minute episodes on BBC1 in early 1993 . Written by Russell T Davies , it tells the story of teenager Tess Hunter and her mother , who move to the seemingly idyllic rural village of Century Falls , only to find that it hides many powerful secrets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef473a228c565b49c3e16ccd1e0a299", "text": "Trevor Wright Trevor Christopher Wright ( born August 23 , 1980 in San Diego , California ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "917d2fb5c4fe819b2f633e6913827906", "text": "Trevor Tanner Trevor Tanner is a British musician and composer , best known as the singer and guitarist of post-punk/gothic rock band The Bolshoi during the 1980s . He is currently a member of American celtic rock band Rathkeltaír and also has a solo career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d78388668892c77f8d33c9733e149688", "text": "BBC Natural History Unit The BBC Natural History Unit ( NHU ) is a department of the BBC which produces television , radio and online content with a natural history or wildlife theme . It is best known for its highly regarded nature documentaries , including The Blue Planet and Planet Earth , and has a long association with David Attenborough 's authored documentaries , notably Life on Earth . The Natural History Unit is a specialist department within BBC Factual Production , which is itself part of BBC Studios . Each year it produces around 100 hours of television and 50 hours of radio programmes , making it the largest wildlife documentary production house in the world . The BBC commissions programmes from the Unit for broadcast on five terrestrial television channels ( BBC One , BBC Two , BBC Four , CBBC and CBeebies ) and BBC Radio 4 . Content is marketed internationally under the BBC Earth brand by the corporation 's commercial arm , BBC Worldwide . Original content is also broadcast on the Earth Unplugged YouTube channel . The Unit has been based in Broadcasting House , Bristol since its formation in 1957 , and has been headed by Julian Hector since 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b9cc8d574fe0d2510f8455425d59d8e", "text": "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century The Hoax of the Twentieth Century : The Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry is a book by Northwestern University electrical engineering professor Arthur Butz . First published in 1976 by Historical Review Press , it attempts to refute the idea of the Holocaust that Nazi Germany tried to exterminate millions of Jews using homicidal gas chambers during World War 2 , and is influential in the Holocaust denial movement . The book has been banned in Canada and is X-rated in Germany where it can not be displayed or advertised . It has been described as anti-semitic with Alan Davies calling it an `` antisemitic classic '' . After carrying it for almost 20 years , Amazon.com on March 7 , 2017 struck the listing of this book on its website , and those of Createspace and Kindle Direct Publishing . In this process , it also removed listings of all used copies for sale by others . The message to its publisher advised that this action was taken because of `` violation of content guidelines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9868866c06210eaaf29c15ff5ef0da5b", "text": "Noah Glass (Olo) Noah Glass ( born 1981 ) is the CEO of Olo , a software company that provides online food ordering services across the United States . He founded the company , originally called GoMobo.com , in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3289a72de2f1b9fbd2c76589097d4f4", "text": "Meriol Trevor Meriol Trevor ( 15 April 1919 -- 12 January 2000 ) was one of the most prolific Roman Catholic women writers of the twentieth century . She was educated at Perse Girls ' School , Cambridge , and St Hugh 's College , Oxford , taking her degree in 1942 . During World War II she worked in a day nursery and later as the steerer of a cargo barge on the Grand Union Canal . In 1946 she went to Italy as a relief worker with UNRRA and lived for nearly a year in the Abruzzi . In Italy Trevor was exposed to Catholic culture . Previously an agnostic humanist , she was received into the Roman Catholic Church at Oxford in 1950 . Her two-volume biography of John Henry Newman was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Biography in 1962 . She also wrote biographies of Pope John XXIII , Philip Neri , and James II , as well as many historical novels and children 's stories and a book of poetry . In 1967 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature . An annual lecture series in her honour was begun in 2000 in her home town of Bath .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b2493706a57ae76b38429431816ce4a0", "text": "Mexico Mexico ( México , -LSB- ˈme.xi.ko -RSB- , modern Nahuatl ) , officially the United Mexican States ( -LSB- Estados Unidos Mexicanos , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers ( over 760,000 sq mi ) , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations , such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . Three centuries later , this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colony 's Mexican War of Independence . The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by economic instability and many political changes . The Mexican -- American War ( 1846 -- 48 ) led to the territorial cession of the extensive northern territories to the United States . The Pastry War , the Franco-Mexican War , a civil war , two empires and a domestic dictatorship occurred through the 19th century . The dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 , which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country 's current political system . Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) partners , especially the United States . Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , joining in 1994 . It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts . By 2050 , Mexico could become the world 's fifth or seventh largest economy . The country is considered both a regional power and middle power , and is often identified as an emerging global power . Due to its rich culture and history , Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Mexico is a megadiverse country , ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity . In 2016 it was the eighth most visited country in the world , with 35 million international arrivals . Mexico is a member of the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G8 +5 , the G20 , the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d5245780ce4cf363339762810643e52", "text": "Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón ( -LSB- anˈtonjo ˈlopes ðe sant ( a ) ˈana -RSB- ; 21 February 1794 -- 21 June 1876 ) , often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna and sometimes called `` the Napoleon of the West '' , was a Mexican criollo who fought to defend royalist New Spain and then for Mexican independence . He served as a Mexican politician and general . He greatly influenced early Mexican politics and government , and was a skilled soldier and cunning politician , who dominated Mexican history in the first half of the nineteenth century to such an extent that historians often refer to it as the `` Age of Santa Anna '' . He was called `` the Man of Destiny '' , who `` loomed over his time like a melodramatic colossus , the uncrowned monarch . '' Santa Anna first opposed the movement for Mexican independence from Spain , but then fought in support of it . Though not the first caudillo ( military leader ) of modern Mexico , he `` represents the stereotypical caudillo in Mexican history , '' and among the earliest . Conservative historian , intellectual , and politician Lucas Alamán wrote that `` The history of Mexico since 1822 might accurately be called the history of Santa Anna 's revolutions ... . His name plays the major role in all the political events of the country and its destiny has become intertwined with his . '' He was a valiant defender of Mexico against foreign invaders , becoming a hero of the nation . Santa Anna had great power in the independent country ; during a turbulent 40-year career , he served as general at crucial points and served eleven non-consecutive presidential terms over a period of 22 years . A wealthy landowner , he built a firm political base in the major port city of Veracruz . He was perceived as a hero by his troops ; he sought glory for himself and his army , and independent Mexico . He repeatedly rebuilt his reputation after major losses . Historians and many Mexicans also rank him as perhaps the principal inhabitant even today of Mexico 's pantheon of `` those who failed the nation . '' His centralist rhetoric and military failures resulted in Mexico losing just over half its territory , beginning with the Texas Revolution of 1836 , and culminating with the Mexican Cession of 1848 following its defeat by the United States in the Mexican -- American War . His political positions changed frequently in his lifetime ; `` his opportunistic politics made him a Liberal , Conservative , and uncrowned king . '' He was overthrown for the final time by the liberal Revolution of Ayutla in 1854 and lived most of his later years in exile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e4c742a54aabc6f40fc2ed6782d437b", "text": "Iran–Mexico relations Iran -- Mexico relations refers to the bilateral relations between Iran and Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c69a98d144a1ba8c880c96cd3b976e6e", "text": "Mexico City Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Ciudad de México , -LSB- sjuˈða ðe ˈmexiko -RSB- ; abbreviated as `` CDMX '' ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . As an `` alpha '' global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2240 m . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ) . The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1485 km2 . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the Greater Mexico City population is 21.2 million people , making it the second-largest metropolitan area of the western hemisphere , behind New York City , the tenth-largest agglomeration , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of US$ 411 billion in 2011 , making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8 % of Mexico 's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22 % of total national GDP . As a stand-alone country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America -- five times as large as Costa Rica 's and about the same size as Peru 's . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians ( Native Americans ) , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the federal district was created in 1824 . After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997 . Ever since , the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) has controlled both of them . In recent years , the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies , such as abortion on request , a limited form of euthanasia , no-fault divorce , and same-sex marriage . On January 29 , 2016 , it ceased to be called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , as the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "795ab7755a34f8f3c7624846f61b089e", "text": "Mexico–Sweden relations Mexico -- Sweden relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Sweden . Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd755fae61d170b8f18958d15acaaea8", "text": "New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands . After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City . New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9dad073ea9eee1c4b11781eaf359309", "text": "Conscription in Mexico Military Service in Mexico ( in Spanish , Servicio Militar Nacional , or SMN ) currently involves all males reaching the age of eighteen years . Selection is made by a lottery system using the following color scheme : those who draw a black ball must serve as `` availability reservists '' , that is , they are not required to perform any activities whatsoever and will receive their discharge card at the end of the year . The ones who get a white ball serve in a Batallón del Servicio Militar Nacional ( National Military Service Battalion ) composed entirely of one-year SMN conscripts . In certain cities , such as Veracruz and Ciudad Madero , the lottery system also includes a blue ball ; whoever draws it must serve in the navy . In 2003 , President Vicente Fox Quesada reformed the law to allow for voluntary Military Service to be performed by females of military age . Conscripts are trained in basic combat with fire weapons , in one Infantry Battalion . Their formation was brought about after German submarine attacks against Mexican oil tankers that were providing fuel and material to the Allies during World War II . These attacks eventually caused the Mexican government to declare war on Nazi Germany and the other Axis powers . Mexico sent an expeditionary force , the Escuadrón 201 , to fight in the Pacific War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0770ca4465458ce0f73174889540c6c4", "text": "Governor of the State of Mexico The Governor of the State of Mexico ( Spanish : Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de México ) wields executive power in the State of Mexico ( a.k.a. Edomex ) . The Governor of the State of Mexico is directly elected by the citizens , using secret ballot , to a six-year term with no possibility of reelection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb31e0f923e04c04842111b40a2b5dc", "text": "Adolfo Aguilar Zínser Adolfo Aguilar Zínser was a Mexican scholar , diplomat and politician who served as a National Security Advisor to President Vicente Fox and as a UN Security Council Ambassador in the midst of the US invasion of Iraq . Born in Mexico City into an upper-class family , Adolfo Aguilar was the son of Adolfo Aguilar y Quevedo a criminal lawyer and Carmen Zínser , a philanthropist . He was also the grandson of Miguel Ángel de Quevedo El apóstol del árbol ( `` Apostle of trees '' ) , considered the first environmentalist in Mexico and Ángela Quevedo de Aguilar a philanthropist . Aguilar studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico , international relations at El Colegio de México ( 1972 -- 75 ) and completed a master 's degree in international and public affairs at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government ( 1977 -- 78 ) . During the early seventies he briefly subscribed to Marxist ideology , and he headed Luis Echeverría 's Center for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World during the mid-1970s . He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies , representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) in 1994 and served until 1997 . From 1997 to 2000 he served in the Senate , representing the Green Ecological Party of Mexico ( PVEM ) . Following Vicente Fox 's election to the Presidency ( representing a coalition of the National Action Party and the PVEM ) on July 2 , 2000 , Aguilar served as the transition team 's advisor on international affairs . After taking office , Fox appointed Aguilar his national security advisor . In January 2002 , Fox appointed Aguilar Mexico 's permanent representative to the United Nations . His term coincided with Mexico 's election to the Security Council and , in accordance with the Security Council 's rules of procedure , he served as its president for two one-month terms . Following a speech to students at Mexico City 's Ibero-American University on November 11 , 2003 , in which Aguilar claimed that the political and intellectual class of the United States sees Mexico as `` a country whose position is that of a back yard '' ( patio trasero ) and that Washington was interested in only `` a relationship of convenience and subordination '' and `` a weekend fling '' ( un noviazgo de fin de semana ) , President Fox requested his resignation on 18 November . Two days later , Aguilar announced his resignation in writing accusing Fox of treason and submission to US interests . Aguilar saw nothing controversial in his speech , considering it `` obvious and historical '' ; it was , however , spun in the media to imply that Aguilar himself believed that Mexico was the US 's backyard and was thus unworthy to represent the country at the UN . The speech served as a pretext to fire him and placate the US , although Mexico never gave the US what it wanted : support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq . After leaving the UN , Aguilar received an honorary degree from Ricardo Palma University ( Peru ) and hosted a weekly current-affairs show on television . He died in a car accident near his summer chalet in Tepoztlán , Morelos , on June 5 , 2005 , at the age of 55 . In the run-up to the fifth anniversary of the Iraq War he was the subject of an episode of the BBC series 10 Days to War , in which he was played by Tom Conti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81234930f4a223a2a87b978b2b401927", "text": "Irrigation in Mexico Mexico , a classified arid and semi-arid country , has a total land area of 2 million square kilometres , 23 % of which is equipped for irrigated agriculture . The agricultural sector plays an important role in the economic development of the country accounting for 8.4 of agricultural gross domestic product ( GDP ) and employing 23 % of the economically active population . Irrigated agriculture contributes about 50 % of the total value of agricultural production and accounts for about 70 % of agriculture exports . Mexico 's government initiated a number of structural reforms in the water sector aimed to introduce modern water management and irrigation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a784efe4bc0ae5012c70ac50cff8e9f8", "text": "Foreign policy A country 's foreign policy , also called foreign relations or foreign affairs - policy , consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu . The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries . The study of such strategies is called foreign policy analysis . In recent times , due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities , the states will also have to interact with non-state actors . The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation . Since the national interests are paramount , foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes . National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations , or through exploitation . Usually , creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister ( or equivalent ) . In some countries the legislature also has considerable effects . Foreign policies of countries have varying rates of change and scopes of intent , which can be affected by factors that change the perceived national interests or even affect the stability of the country itself . The foreign policy of one country can have profound and lasting impact on many other countries and on the course of international relations as a whole , such as the Monroe Doctrine conflicting with the mercantilist policies of 19th-century European countries and the goals of independence of newly formed Central American and South American countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3535f9fae8e8475eb281c7543c72ffd", "text": "Import substitution industrialization Import substitution industrialization ( ISI ) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production . ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products . The term primarily refers to 20th-century development economics policies , although it has been advocated since the 18th century by economists such as Friedrich List and Alexander Hamilton . ISI policies were enacted by countries in the Global South with the intention of producing development and self-sufficiency through the creation of an internal market . ISI works by having the state lead economic development through nationalization , subsidization of vital industries ( including agriculture , power generation , etc. ) , increased taxation , and highly protectionist trade policies . Import substitution industrialization was gradually abandoned by developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s due to the insistence of the IMF and World Bank on their structural adjustment programs of global market-driven liberalization aimed at the Global South . In the context of Latin American development , the term `` Latin American structuralism '' refers to the era of import substitution industrialization in many Latin American countries from the 1950s until the 1980s . The theories behind Latin American structuralism and ISI were organized in the works of Raúl Prebisch , Hans Singer , Celso Furtado , and other structural economic thinkers , and gained prominence with the creation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ( UNECLAC or CEPAL ) . While the theorists behind ISI or Latin American structuralism were not homogeneous and did not belong to one particular school of economic thought , ISI and Latin American structuralism and the theorists who developed its economic framework shared a basic common belief in a state-directed , centrally planned form of economic development . In promoting state-induced industrialization through governmental spending through the infant industry argument , ISI and Latin American structuralist approaches to development are largely influenced by a wide range of Keynesian , communitarian , and socialist economic thought . ISI is often associated and linked with dependency theory , although the latter has traditionally adopted a much broader Marxist sociological framework in addressing what are perceived to be the origins of underdevelopment through the historical effects of colonialism , Eurocentrism , and neoliberalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8baefa2288f8460deb873704ed54793", "text": "San Andrés Accords The San Andrés Accords are agreements reached between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and the Mexican government , at that time headed by President Ernesto Zedillo . The accords were signed on February 16 , 1996 , in San Andrés Larráinzar , Chiapas , and granted autonomy , recognition , and rights to the indigenous population of Mexico . The accords were based on the five principles of basic respect for the diversity of the indigenous population of Chiapas , the conservation of the natural resources within the territories used and occupied by indigenous peoples , a greater participation of indigenous communities in the decisions and control of public expenditures , the participation of indigenous communities in determining their own development plans , and the autonomy of indigenous communities and their right of free determination in the framework of the State . They were discussed and approved by representatives of all the indigenous communities of Mexico , and translated into ten indigenous languages . President Zedillo and the Institutional Revolutionary Party ( PRI ) however , ignored the agreements and instead increased military presence with the political support of the other important political parties Democratic Revolution Party and National Action Party ( PRD and PAN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83493c9d4304c5592447a87f2ed55a2f", "text": "Internet in Mexico Mexico has approximately 69 million Internet users representing 56.0 % of the population . The country ranks 10 in number of Internet users in the world . Mexico is the country with the most Internet users among Spanish speaking countries and is currently experiencing a huge surge in demand for broadband Internet services . In August 2005 , Cisco Systems , said they see Mexico and countries in Latin America as the focal point for growth in coming years . With Mexico being identified as a hypergrowth market for equipment suppliers and receiving the biggest chunk of Cisco 's investments . Additionally looking at the historical growth for the period from 2001 to 2005 we see broadband Internet jump from 0.1 subscribers per hundred population to 2.2 subscribers per hundred population , a growth of 2100 % in just five years . Telmex is the largest provider of ( A ) DSL connection . After being converted from a state monopoly to a private enterprise by President Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1990 , it took the Mexican Government 5 years to establish regulations in the Telecommunications Act and only then were competitors allowed to enter the Mexican telecommunication market , leaving Telmex ' and its owner Carlos Slim enough time to extend their technological lead . Nevertheless , Mexico is lagging behind the world average in connection speeds . Mexico is one of the few Latin American countries that has little or no Internet censorship . However , increasing threats and violence against media outlets , reporters , and bloggers related to drugs and drug trafficking leads to self-censorship by the press and by individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ae6d7360f10a35eb6c894113ea3f7d", "text": "Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza ( December 31 , 1890 -- September 6 , 1971 ) was a Mexican statesman . Born in Coyuca de Catalán , Guerrero , he served in the Senate , as Attorney General in 1928 , as Secretary of Education from 1928 to 1930 , as ambassador to Hungary from 1930 to 1932 , and as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1940 to 1945 . His appointment to the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs by President Manuel Ávila Camacho marked an end to the Post-Revolutionary domination of politicians from the North of the country . With his co-cabinet member Miguel Alemán Valdés ( Secretary of the Interior ) , he `` gave Mexico the most progressive foreign policy and the most orderly internal government in the nation 's history . '' By 1941 , he had successfully settled all foreign claims against the government stemming from the Cárdenas-era expropriations . He negotioated a favorable economic treaty , fixed the peso to the United States dollar , and secured loans for industrial development from the Export-Import Bank of the United States . During World War II , he was a strong proponent of inter-American unity and led conferences of the foreign ministers of countries of the Americas to this end . He was criticized by some for being too pro-American . He emerged alongside Alemán as a prime contender for the presidency in 1946 . He was better-known abroad than his rival , and was considered to have stronger tendencies toward democracy . However , his association with the United States made him unpopular in the left wing of the Institutional Revolutionary Party ( PRI ) , and Alemán won the party 's nomination . He ran as an independent candidate for the presidency in 1946 , receiving 443,537 votes . Though Alemán received over three times the number of votes , Padilla 's total was respectable , considering the PRI 's hegemony at the time . Also , the fact that he was not exiled after the campaign is considered something of a victory for Mexican democracy , which had been intolerant of opposition parties and candidates since solidification of the PRI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b010934c965a0440a9ea62c33bb2a5ac", "text": "Radio in Mexico Radio in Mexico is a mass medium with 98 percent national penetration and a wider diversity of owners and programming than on television . In a model similar to that of radio in the United States , Mexican radio in its history has been largely commercial , but with a strong state presence and a rising number of noncommercial stations in the 2000s and early 2010s . In August 2015 , there were 1,750 radio stations in operation in Mexico , more than 70 percent of them on the FM band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce09d887b2ec804d78919566618c7178", "text": "Puebla Puebla ( -LSB- ˈpweβla -RSB- ) , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla ) is one of the 31 states which , with the Federal District , comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla . It is located in East-Central Mexico . It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the north and east , Hidalgo , México , Tlaxcala and Morelos to the west , and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south . The origins of the state lie in the city of Puebla , which was founded by the Spanish in this valley in 1531 to secure the trade route between Mexico City and the port of Veracruz . By the end of the 18th century , the area had become a colonial province with its own governor , which would become the State of Puebla , after the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century . Since that time the area , especially around the capital city , has continued to grow economically , mostly through industry , despite being the scene of a number of battles , the most notable of which being the Battle of Puebla . Today , the state is one of the most industrialized in the country , but since most of its development is concentrated in Puebla and other cities , many of its rural areas are very poor , forcing many to migrate away to places such as Mexico City and the United States . Culturally , the state is home to the China Poblana , mole poblano , active literary and arts scenes and festivals such as Cinco de Mayo , Ritual of Quetzalcoatl , Day of the Dead celebrations ( especially in Huaquechula ) and Carnival ( especially in Huejotzingo ) . It is home to five major indigenous groups : Nahuas , the Totonacs , the Mixtecs , the Popolocas and the Otomi , which can mostly be found in the far north and the far south of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7482eed90952aff19d6bd0d017f6b04", "text": "Mexico–Venezuela relations Mexico -- Venezuela relations are foreign relations between Mexico and Venezuela . Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , Latin American Integration Association , Organization of American States , Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8208fbdfd5d9e482ed890314504304ca", "text": "Mexican honours system The Mexican honours system consists of civil orders , decorations and medals that are conferred on citizens and foreigners in recognition of their services and achievements . Although the indigenous empires that made up modern Mexico had their own way of recognizing individuals , the current system traces its roots from colonial New Spain , and has evolved because of events since the country 's independence . The following is a partial list of the orders , awards and prizes that have been or are currently issued as state decorations by the Government of Mexico .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac1b1c68106328ec978e4169d01653eb", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter . A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos . The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine , in the first novel , to thirty-one by the fifth . Three main stories interweave a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros , the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros , and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the deposed king 's exiled daughter , to assume the Iron Throne . Martin 's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and the French historical novels The Accursed Kings by Maurice Druon . A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion , as well as its realism . An assortment of disparate and subjective points of view confronts the reader , and the success or survival of point of view characters is never assured . Within the often morally ambiguous world of A Song of Ice and Fire , questions concerning loyalty , pride , human sexuality , piety , and the morality of violence frequently arise . As of April 2015 , the books have sold more than 60 million copies worldwide and , as of January 2017 , have been translated into 47 languages . The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller lists upon their releases . Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas , a TV series , a comic book adaptation , and several card , board , and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25136ca521e86e9f64b865a3f4954e58", "text": "George R. R. Martin -RCB- -RCB- George Raymond Richard Martin ( born George Raymond Martin ; September 20 , 1948 ) , often referred to as GRRM , is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy , horror , and science fiction genres , screenwriter , and television producer . He is best known for his international bestselling series of epic fantasy novels , A Song of Ice and Fire , which was later adapted into the HBO dramatic series Game of Thrones . Martin serves as the series ' co-executive producer , and also scripted four episodes of the series . In 2005 , Lev Grossman of Time called Martin `` the American Tolkien '' , and the magazine later named him one of the `` 2011 Time 100 '' , a list of the `` most influential people in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eabfc93cb51769d841242286afc76d42", "text": "Helen Baylor Helen LaRue Lowe ( born January 8 , 1954 ) , known professionally as Helen Baylor , is an American singer -- songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc64f34f9d2ea9a173411dff8c3cef00", "text": "Wilson Rawls Woodrow Wilson Rawls , ( September 28 , 1969 - December 16 , 1984 ) was an American writer best known for his books Where the Red Fern Grows and Summer of the Monkeys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f596b1bda03fab9f0d757d201763eea", "text": "Mary H. Herbert Mary H. Herbert ( born 1957 ) is an American fantasy writer , author of the Dark Horse series and several Dragonlance novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9902943c013ecda4251c8097f5451d5", "text": "Eric Shanower Eric James Shanower ( born October 23 , 1963 ) is an American cartoonist , best known for his Oz novels and comics and the ongoing retelling of the Trojan War as Age of Bronze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63555bd5ae40fcf8a4f28af1826277a5", "text": "Dan Fishback Dan Fishback ( born November 4 , 1981 in Washington D.C. ) is a Jewish-American performance artist , playwright and singer-songwriter who is heavily associated with that city 's anti-folk movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a799546d38e7fe773bc05dbc53666b4", "text": "Rick Kogan Rick Kogan ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is a Chicago newspaperman , a Chicago radio personality and a noted author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb8d3ce2c1a3777497df9b5afb8204d", "text": "June Singer June Singer ( 1920 -- January 19 , 2004 ) was an American analytical psychologist . She co-founded the Analytical Psychology Club of Chicago , later the Jung Institute of Chicago , as well as the Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts . She helped to popularize Carl Jung 's theories in the United States , and wrote several well-regarded books . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564dd2dbbf2b5c8bdf10b5ebcf47cd16", "text": "Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d85ff0fb333a71737f0fc96ba9620ac", "text": "Richard F. Ward Richard Finley Ward ( born September 19 , 1951 ) is an American storyteller and professor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f747444907cf68d2b677578c7bedc19", "text": "Wil McCarthy Wil McCarthy ( born September 16 , 1966 in Princeton , New Jersey ) is a science fiction novelist , president and co-founder of RavenBrick ( a solar technology company ) , and the science columnist for Syfy . He currently resides in Colorado . Wil McCarthy popularized the concept of programmable matter , which he calls wellstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1559dff746fc13aef4ca11bcc27c9f", "text": "Benjamin Rosenbaum Benjamin Rosenbaum ( born August 23 , 1969 ) is an American science fiction , fantasy , and literary fiction writer and computer programmer , whose stories have been finalists for the Hugo Award , the Nebula Award , the Theodore Sturgeon Award , the BSFA award , and the World Fantasy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50331254175ec24fc95f1ab987170b5", "text": "Cold Fire (Koontz novel) Cold Fire is a 1991 novel written by the best-selling author Dean Koontz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533577062f6b997466aec7203c904e29", "text": "Christopher Cook (writer) Christopher LaVaughn Cook ( born August 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer whose writing styles and genres include journalism , non-fiction , scriptwriting and fiction , including short stories , novellas and novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fa85cba3eb9c4c45cf315686639b33d", "text": "Flowers on the Grave `` Flowers on the Grave '' is a song by Swedish singer and songwriter September . It is the third single from her second studio album In Orbit and was written by Swedish songwriters Jonas von der Burg , Anoo Bhagavan and Niclas von der Burg . The single was released in Scandinavia but failed to chart on any of the Scandinavian charts . The single differs from September 's other singles by being of slower tempo , as the singer 's repertoire mainly contains dance-pop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a50648d5fffbdd8613f2cfc6372f56e", "text": "The Iceman Cometh The Iceman Cometh is a play written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939 . First published in 1946 , the play premiered on Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on October 9 , 1946 , directed by Eddie Dowling , where it ran for 136 performances before closing on March 15 , 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ede94fcaa1c9551159eddf943c561b91", "text": "Sylvia Engdahl Sylvia Louise Engdahl ( born November 24 , 1933 ) is an American writer , known best for science fiction . Her debut novel Enchantress of the Stars , published by Atheneum Books in 1970 , was a runner-up for annual Newbery Medal and she won the Phoenix Award for that work twenty years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d391a6c853b1b66491bb910010af035", "text": "Morgan Matson Morgan Catherine Matson ( born September 19 , 1981 ) , also known under her pseudonym Katie Finn , is a best-selling American novelist and recipient of the California Book Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "213f620461fcfa95eb34d0c85c4adb76", "text": "Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and a director , with a career in film , television , and theatre since 1960 . Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer , and in 1989 for Rain Man . Widely considered one of the finest actors in history , Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play , Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock , the title character in The Graduate . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's notable films include : Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Straw Dogs , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet . Along with 2 Academy Award wins , Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards , and he was nominated for 13 Golden Globes , winning 6 ( including an honorary award ) . He has won 4 BAFTAs , 3 Drama Desk Awards , 2 Emmy Awards , and a Genie Award . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 , and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8f48b52fbc3d575b45e20e727e89198", "text": "Dustin (name) Dustin is a surname and mainly masculine given name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9713caaa9368da3ecf14d3474681057", "text": "Boychoir (film) Boychoir is a 2014 American drama film directed by François Girard and written by Ben Ripley . The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Debra Winger , Josh Lucas and the American Boychoir School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b0305c9b11efa9b4f3e8bd0a82be28", "text": "Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act . A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary . A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation . Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit . In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities . A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c246e196a101a044b0e57f5785cabee", "text": "Structural vulnerability Structural vulnerability is a distinct likelihood of encountering major difficulties within the family atmosphere or the threat to the family itself because of such deficient capital resources as money , education , access to health care , or important/vital information . Structural vulnerability is a threat to any low-income individual that must caretake for a family . Social workers described these individuals as people that `` In the largest richest country in the world , they work full time year around and some work multiple jobs as well , but they still do not earn enough to support their families . '' Structural vulnerability is cited as a reason that migrant workers in the United States are more vulnerable to violence and public health risks such as HIV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be573e2e75b8c01565513d510a09ef68", "text": "Judgment at Nuremberg Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer , written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy , Burt Lancaster , Richard Widmark , Maximilian Schell , Werner Klemperer , Marlene Dietrich , Judy Garland , William Shatner , and Montgomery Clift . Set in Nuremberg in 1948 , the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges ' Trial of 1947 , one of the twelve U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials . The film centers on a military tribunal led by Chief Trial Judge Dan Haywood ( Tracy ) , before which four German judges and prosecutors ( as compared to 16 defendants in the actual Judges ' Trial ) stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime . The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population , the Holocaust , and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials . An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90 . Schell and Klemperer played the same roles in both productions . In 2013 , Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ee54f0fb35902b1ad52ee3b0da6ad8", "text": "The Early Four Track Recordings The Early Four Track Recordings '' is a compilation album by indie rock band Of Montreal . It contains early recordings from the band , with the song titles telling a fictional story about actor Dustin Hoffman . Though the titles feature Dustin Hoffman , the album name and content have nothing to do with him , and the titles were chosen only for humor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebaa8006283f2a0e523b8351872cf159", "text": "Lucy Hutchinson (actress) Lucy Hutchinson ( born 18 July 2003 ) is an English child actress from Sanderstead , Croydon . Her first acting experience came in the 2008 film Dustbin Baby , based on Jacqueline Wilson 's 2001 novel of the same name . In Dustbin Baby , she played the younger version of the lead character April , seen in flashbacks . Hutchinson was five at the time of filming , and was described by director Juliet May as `` one of the most remarkable five year olds I have ever met '' , saying that `` it 's like she 's not acting at all '' . Prior to her appearance in Dustbin Baby , Hutchinson had attended a local drama group for children , and was signed up with an agency . Her father said that she got the role because `` she was the right face in the right place ... She was incredibly lucky but that does n't deter from how well she did in getting it . '' After the release of Dustbin Baby , Hutchinson played roles in British television programmes EastEnders , Doc Martin and Psychoville . Her film debut came when she filmed scenes for the American film Prometheus , in which she played a younger version of the main character , Elizabeth Shaw . Director Ridley Scott considers the scenes critical for providing insight into Elizabeth 's motivations . Hutchinson said `` It was really good and I think the experience was great for me as well . It was filming at Pinewood , it is such a big place and that showed me what other sets were being built there which was good . I have never really been to a big set before , I just thought ` wow ' . I know it was a big scene , Ridley Scott told me it was a really big scene . I was quite confident and just thought ` yeah I am going to do this ' . '' Hutchinson subsequently made appearances on radio , stage and television , including roles in Little Crackers , The Politician 's Husband , Not Going Out and Inside No. 9 . She has main roles Dani 's Castle and the BBC comedy The Kennedys . Hutchinson lives and attends school in Croydon . She lives with her parents , Gary and Anna , and older brother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b82e1a98491a7ead6ea24a3e517162b", "text": "Diane Jenkins Diane Jenkins is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The role was first portrayed by Alex Donnelley , who debuted in 1982 . Diane was initially a two-day bit role , but was developed into a long-term character . Donnelley left the role two years later ; returning briefly in 1986 before returning to the role fully in 1996 . In 2001 , Donnelley left again in what was supposed to be a storyline dictated departure , however , the role was later recast with Susan Walters . After three years in the role , Walters chose to drop to recurring status in 2004 , but was n't seen again until a brief guest appearance in February 2010 . Seven months later , the role was recast a second time with Maura West , who took over in October . Diane has had relationships with business tycoons Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) and Victor Newman ( Eric Braeden ) . Diane has a son with Jack , Kyle Abbott ( Lachlan Buchanan ) , who was initially supposed to be Victor 's son before his sperm sample was switched . Donnelley described Diane as `` taking herself much too seriously '' , while Walters criticized the character for existing solely to advance another character 's storyline . Former head writer Maria Arena Bell was heavily criticized for the writing for West ; Zap2it said Bell missed an opportunity to focus on Diane 's rivalry with Jack . In 2011 , within eight months of joining the cast , West was let go and the character was killed off two months later in a whodunit murder storyline . The storyline was also harshly criticized for progressing too slowly , as it was a six-month period before the revelation that Nikki Newman ( Melody Thomas Scott ) murdered Diane in self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b457f18aed754db0725db664433233e", "text": "Holocaust (miniseries) Holocaust is a 1978 American four part television miniseries which tells the story of the Holocaust from the perspective of the ( fictional ) Weiss family of German Jews and that of a rising member of the SS , who gradually becomes a merciless war criminal . Holocaust highlighted numerous important events which occurred up to and during World War II , such as Kristallnacht , the creation of Jewish ghettos and later , the use of gas chambers . Although the miniseries won several awards and received critical acclaim , it was criticized by some , including noted Holocaust survivor and author Elie Wiesel , who described it as `` untrue and offensive . '' The series was presented in four parts on NBC : Part 1 : The Gathering Darkness ( original airdate : April 16 , 1978 ) Part 2 : The Road to Babi Yar ( original airdate : April 17 , 1978 ) Part 3 : The Final Solution ( original airdate : April 18 , 1978 ) Part 4 : The Saving Remnant ( original airdate : April 19 , 1978 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602da3ec064923fa9f123b395e5b9c03", "text": "Tootsie Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman , with a supporting cast that includes Bill Murray , Jessica Lange , Teri Garr , Dabney Coleman , Charles Durning , Geena Davis ( in her acting debut ) , and Doris Belack . The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job . The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart , Barry Levinson ( uncredited ) , Elaine May ( uncredited ) and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart and Don McGuire . In 1998 , the Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry . The theme song to the film , `` It Might Be You , '' which was sung by singer-songwriter Stephen Bishop , whose music was composed by Dave Grusin , and whose lyrics were written by Alan and Marilyn Bergman , was a Top 40 hit in the U.S. , and also hit 1 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b216aaea97ab6d6b75aadb6c57b7d65c", "text": "Athletics at the Summer Olympics Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics . The athletics program traces its earliest roots to events used in the ancient Greek Olympics . The modern program includes track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events . Cross country running was also on the program in earlier editions but it was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d270aaef7e05debad4d675a5e3fb1350", "text": "Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon The men 's marathon event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics . The marathon was held on Sunday , July 13 , 1924 . It was only the second Olympic marathon to use the distance of 26 miles , 385 yards which was first used in 1908 and is now the standard marathon distance . Fifty-eight runners from 20 nations competed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319482a397325e52f4cf3ac59bb2de29", "text": "Rowing at the Summer Olympics Rowing at the Summer Olympics has been part of the competition since its debut in the 1900 Summer Olympics . Rowing was on the program at the 1896 Summer Olympics but was cancelled due to bad weather . Only men were allowed to compete until the women 's events were introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal which gave national federations the incentive to support women 's events and catalysed growth in women 's rowing . Lightweight rowing events ( which have weight-limited crews ) were introduced to the games in 1996 . Qualifying for the rowing events is under the jurisdiction of the International Rowing Federation ( or FISA , its French acronym ) . FISA predates the modern Olympics and was the first international sport federation to join the modern Olympic movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f101f39b78e05e54289f81e4acc50d2", "text": "Olympic route network The Olympic route network ( ORN ) and the Paralympic route network ( PRN ) is a network of dedicated roads linking venues and other key sites in the host city during Olympic and Paralympic games to ensure that athletes and officials get to events on time . Roads that are part of the network have ` games lanes ' which are reserved for accredited games vehicles and on-call emergency vehicles . For the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games , the route network came into effect under the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 which gave the Olympic Delivery Authority temporary powers to take over traffic management measures during London 2012 . The ORN and PRN were first introduced for the 2000 Sydney Olympics as a result of problems at the Atlanta Olympics four years earlier when athletes had difficulty getting to their events on time . In July 2012 , just before the start of the 2012 Olympics , London taxi drivers blocked some games lanes to protest against the ORN . The games lanes for London 2012 has been pejoratively referred to as ZiL lanes , in reference to dedicated lanes for VIPs in Moscow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d1f2eb943f818e5ba1429c77b5688e8", "text": "Gyeongju International Marathon The Gyeongju International Marathon is an annual road running event over the marathon distance ( 42.195 km ) which takes place in mid-October in Gyeongju , South Korea . It gained IAAF Silver Label Road Race status in 2010 . First held in 1993 , the event began as an amateur competition for the city 's residents and club-level runners . By 1999 , over 10,000 runners took part in the day 's event on an annual basis . After an initial incorporation of an international race in the mid-1990s , the race again reverted to being a national Korean competition due to financial constraints . The race was moved to Seoul in 2000 but the Gyeongju marathon re-emerged in 2006 and elite foreign runners returned to the city the following year . The competition now features an international elite-level marathon race for both men and women , as well as amateur fun run events over the half marathon , 10K and 5K distances . The event is one of a series of races in the country ( alongside the Baekje Marathon and Seoul International Marathon ) which are sponsored by The Dong-a Ilbo , a Korean daily broadsheet . The competition is one of two annual road running festivals in the city , the other being the Gyeongjyu Cherry Blossom Marathon which is held in April when the trees come into blossom . The course of the marathon begins in Hwangseong Park and ends on the running track of the Gyeongju Public Stadium within the park . The men 's course record for the marathon is 2:08:52 , which was set by Yemane Tsegay in 2008 , while the women 's record is held by national runner Yun Sun-suk , whose mark of 2:31:21 was set in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8374795d710df153799194123db2438", "text": "Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics The cycling competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events , all for men only . The 50 km track event was held for the last time at these Games , having only been introduced in 1920 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5de473e131371a069235dd40a370688f", "text": "Road transport Road transport ( British English ) or road transportation ( American English ) is the transport of passengers or goods on roads . This transport method can be via bike or automobiles or by animal such as horse or oxen . Standard networks of roads were adopted by Romans , Persians , Aztec , and other early societies . Modern roads came into adoption during the late 1700 's with civil engineering . Cargo may be transported by trucking companies , while passengers may be transported via mass transit . Commonly defined features of modern roads include defined lanes and signage . Within the United States , roads between regions are connected via the Interstate Highway System . Since independence in India , there has been considerable road building activity as roads can penetrate deeper into towns villages . The Central Government bears a substantial part of the cost of paving and extension of roads throughout India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d98bd1a74226d2da110bb0fb75d51c1", "text": "Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres The Men 's 1500 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , was held at the Olympic Stadium on 3 -- 7 August . The first round races were all very tightly packed , strategic affairs . The first race was the fastest , taking all but one of the time qualifiers into the semi-final . Andrew Wheating 's 3:40.92 in the second heat was the slowest time qualifier , though it was exactly equal to Nick Willis ' winning time in the last race . That race was broken up when Nixon Chepseba tripped sending several athletes scrambling to avoid the falling body . Chepseba ultimately finished 9th but was awarded a place in the semi-final on appeal , though no offending athlete was disqualified . The first semi final was strategic from the start , when the sprinting started , Taoufik Makhloufi easily took the lead and held the position . Since it was strategic , no time qualifiers came from this semi . In the other semi , Chepseba took it out at a faster pace , to avoid getting caught in traffic . At the 800 mark , Nathan Brannen fell flat and was not able to get back into contention . When the sprinting started , Abdalaati Iguider looked to be the fastest . The slowest time qualifier was almost 7 seconds faster than Makhloufi winning the first . Earlier on the day before the final , Makhloufi was also in an 800 metres qualifying round race , but he ran slowly and dropped out . Because of the `` honest effort '' rule , he was disqualified from further competition in the Olympics . It took an appeal by Algerian team officials to get him re-instated by claiming he had a known knee injury . In the final , Makhloufi made a miraculous recovery from the injury in order to run . Kenyan Chepseba , and Kenyan born Bahraini Belal Mansoor Ali ran shoulder to shoulder until 600 to go when Chepseba then decided to take the lead solo . Behind him runners were three abreast , with Makhloufi and Silas Kiplagat trading elbows to be in position for the final lap . Another elbow just before 300 to go , and Makhloufi broke away with Kiplagat and Mekonnen Gebremedhin in hot pursuit . With Makhloufi gone , 8 meters ahead , Gebremedhin took over second at the head of the stretch , Iguider sprinting a step behind . Five meters further back , Leonel Manzano was starting to sprint around teammate Matthew Centrowitz , Jr. . As Iguider was edging ahead of Gebremedhin , Manzano was rocketing along the outside passing into second 30 meters from the finish . Iguider just barely managed to finish a fraction ahead of the fast closing Centrowitz for the bronze medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2da9dcf4f88f7eb7a6d21d692b07132f", "text": "Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the Amateur Athletic Association . These rules included a prohibition on any interference with other runners ( a rule that played an important part in the 400 metres ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0542308a360e11c35aa4aaf844f5ae", "text": "2012 Olympic Marathon Course The 2012 Olympic Marathon Course is that of both the men 's and women 's marathon races at the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in London . The 42.195 km route consists of one short circuit of 3.571 km followed by three circuits of 12.875 km . The course , which was designed to pass many of London 's well-known landmarks , starts and finishes on The Mall , within sight of Buckingham Palace , and extends as far as the Tower of London in the east and the Victoria Memorial in the west . The route of the marathon had been changed , for various logistical reasons , from that originally envisaged in London 's original 2005 bid for the Games and now breaks with the normal Olympic tradition that the race finishes inside the main Olympic Stadium . The 2012 Summer Olympics is the third to be held in London . The stated distance of the marathon at the London 1908 Summer Olympics 26 miles and 385 yards , later converted to metric units as 42.195 kilometres formed the basis of the standard distance adopted by International Association of Athletics Federations in 1921 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b87579a928bcfd7e4d363da2833a786", "text": "Road cycling Road cycling is the most widespread form of cycling . It includes recreational , racing , and utility cycling . Road cyclists are generally expected to obey the same rules and laws as other vehicle drivers or riders and may also be vehicular cyclists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7260e1367726e18d05a6f346703427ba", "text": "Athletics at the Gymnasiade Athletics is one of the core sports on the programme for the Gymnasiade , an international multi-sport event organised by the International School Sport Federation ( ISF ) . It has featured at all editions of the competition since 1976 . An athletics competition was held the same year as the inaugural 1974 Gymnasiade , but was held separately at a different location . The event , contested by youth athletes under eighteen years old , was used as a reference point by the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ) when organising its first IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c506a4ee3e51f055130f4e240fa94fb", "text": "Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres The men 's 800 metres was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme . It was the fifth appearance of the event , which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics . The competition was held from Saturday , July 6 , 1912 to Monday , July 8 , 1912 . Forty-eight runners from 16 nations competed . Including all three medalists from 1908 , Olympic champion Mel Sheppard , the silver medalists Emilio Lunghi , and the bronze medalist Hanns Braun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e38b85c0e63e5819abfc1795aa0471", "text": "Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics At the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp , 29 athletics events were contested , all for men only . The competitions were held from August 15 , 1920 to August 23 , 1920 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f57c360a012d9c1477b8dfefb3132d6", "text": "Marla Runyan Marla Lee Runyan ( married name Lonergan , born January 4 , 1969 ) is an American track and field athlete , road runner and marathon runner who is legally blind . She is a three-time national champion in the women 's 5000 metres . Runyan was born in Santa Maria , California . After graduating from Camarillo High School in 1987 , she went on to study at San Diego State University , where she began competing in several sporting events : the heptathlon , 200-meter dash , high jump , shot put , 100-meter hurdles , long jump , javelin throw and the 800-meter run . In 1994 she received her master 's degree in Education of Deafblind Children . Runyan won four gold medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the long jump and the 100 , 200 , and 400 meter races . She also competed in cycling at those games . She attempted to qualify for the `` Able Bodied '' Olympics at the 1996 U. S. Olympic Trials , finishing 10th in the Heptathlon . While failing to qualify , she ran the 800 meters in 2:04.60 , a heptathlon-800m American record . This success convinced her to try distance running . At the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta , she took silver in the shot put and gold in the pentathlon . Her career as a world-class runner in able-bodied events began in 1999 at the Pan American Games , where she won Gold in the 1,500-meter race and was ranked second in the United States in that event in 1999 by Track and Field News . . The next year , she placed eighth in the 1,500-meter in the 2000 Sydney Olympics , making Runyan the first legally blind athlete to compete in the Olympics and the highest finish by an American woman in that event . By 2001 she won her first of three consecutive 5000 metre National Championships . She also released her autobiography `` No Finish Line : My Life As I See It '' In 2002 , she added the road 5K and 10K National Championships , and married her coach , Matt Lonergan . She finished as the top American at the 2002 New York Marathon with a time of 2 hours , 27 minutes and 10 seconds to post the second-fastest debut time ever by an American woman . Being an international medalist at 1500 metres and a top major marathon runner is an accomplishment over a wide variety of distances rivaled only by Rod Dixon on the men 's side . Medaling at distances as short as 100 metres and diversely explosive events like Shot Put and Long Jump is remarkable versatility . She won the road 5K again in 2003 and qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympic Games by finishing second in the United States Olympic Trials ( track and field ) . She took 2005 off to give birth to her first child , Anna Lee on September 1 , but returned to the roads in 2006 winning her second National Championship at 20 km ( her first was in 2003 ) . She was the USATF `` Runner of the Year '' in 2002 and 2006 . Arguably Runyan 's greatest success came at the Paralympic Games , where she has been a five times gold medallist . , Runyan holds IPC World Records in the T13 classification for the 400 m , 800 m , 1500 m , 5000 m , High Jump , Long Jump and Pentathlon . However , her personal bests at 3000m , 10,000 m , and the marathon were also World Records , but were never ratified by the IPC . See marlarunyan.net , the Official Website of Marla Runyan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83715f2187baea0bb826895f46986de3", "text": "Endurance racing (motorsport) Endurance racing is a form of motorsport racing which is meant to test the durability of equipment and endurance of participants . Teams of multiple drivers attempt to cover a large distance in a single event , with participants given a break with the ability to change during the race . Endurance races can be run either to cover a set distance in laps as quickly as possible , or to cover as much distance as possible over a preset amount of time . One of the more common lengths of endurance races has been running for 1000 km , or roughly six hours . Longer races can run for 1000 mi , 12 hours , or even 24 hours . Teams can consist of anywhere from two to four drivers per event , which is dependent on the driver 's endurance abilities , length of the race , or even the rules for each event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99f4e6eee8a1aad01fc4e527fd8ee54a", "text": "Belgian Athletics Championships The Belgian Athletics Championships ( Belgische kampioenschappen atletiek Championnats de Belgique d'athlétisme ) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Belgian Athletics League , which serves as the national championship for the sport in Belgium . Typically organised in July in Brussels , the event was first held in 1889 and introduced the first events for women in 1921 . The competition was not held in the years from 1915 to 1918 due to World War I and also did not take place in 1940 and 1944 due to World War II . Separate annual championship events are held for the 10,000 metres , relay races , combined track and field events , cross country running and the road running and racewalking events . There is also a Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships and an outdoor Belgian club championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "851710a97291ef96ff6b80797f3a8b4c", "text": "List of Commonwealth Games records in athletics The Commonwealth Games is a quadrennial event which began in 1930 as the British Empire Games . The Commonwealth Games Federation accepts only athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations and recognises records set at editions of the Commonwealth Games . The athletics events at the Games are divided into four groups : track events ( including sprints , middle - and long-distance running , hurdling and relays ) , field events ( including javelin , discus , hammer , pole vault , long and triple jumps ) , road events and combined events ( triathlon , heptathlon and decathlon ) . There are also several track and field events held for disabled athletes . Many Commonwealth Games records were set over distances using imperial measurements , such as the 100-yard dash , and ( as a result of metric standardisation in 1966 ) many records belong to defunct events . The oldest record is George Bailey 's 9:52.0 minutes in the seldom used men 's two mile steeplechase , which was set at the inaugural Games . The two longest lasting records in current events were both set at the 1974 edition of the Games : Englishman Ian Thompson 's record of 2:09:12 hours in the Marathon , and Tanzanian Filbert Bayi 's record of 3:32.16 minutes in the 1500 metres , which was also a world record . Nathan Deakes holds two Commonwealth Games records : the 20 km and 50 km walk events . Adekunle Adesoji and Chantal Petitclerc also hold two records each in the para-sports events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c57fb7ad22b21b3722b3abfc8ac0a82e", "text": "Athletics at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Athletics at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics was held from August 20 to August 26 . The events will take place at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center in Nanjing , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15950b4215088710842361efa3e89c8b", "text": "Cycling at the 2011 Summer Universiade – Men's road race The men 's road race was one of the cycling events at the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzhen , China . It took place on 13 August 2011 , featuring 73 men from 18 countries and was held over 156.8 km distance .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3651e0854a67108ac6ff2df1fdfcb560", "text": "Margaret Brown Margaret `` Maggie '' Brown ( née Tobin ) ( July 18 , 1867 -- October 26 , 1932 ) ( posthumously known as `` The Unsinkable Molly Brown '' ) was an American socialite and philanthropist . She is best remembered for exhorting the crew in to return to the debris field of the 1912 sinking of RMS Titanic to look for survivors . Accounts differ on whether the boat actually returned to look for survivors , and if so , if any survivors were found . During her lifetime , her friends called her `` Maggie '' , but even by her death , obituaries referred to her as the `` Unsinkable Mrs. Brown '' . The reference was further reinforced by a 1960 Broadway musical based on her life and its 1964 film adaptation were each entitled The Unsinkable Molly Brown .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c555a6b2c68ff5748ce13b8e02c8d11a", "text": "Owsley Brown Frazier Owsley Brown Frazier ( May 7 , 1935 -- August 16 , 2012 ) was a philanthropist from Louisville , Kentucky United States who founded the Frazier History Museum . He retired from the board of directors of the Brown-Forman corporation , which his grandfather George Garvin Brown founded in 1870 , and is one of the largest American-owned companies in the spirits and wine business . He was raised in Louisville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1011dd94b417a55e8dcfa860e8ad62ee", "text": "Ms. Foundation for Women The Ms. Foundation for Women is a non-profit organization for women in the United States . It is one of the first and largest women 's funds in the United States and has always had a deep commitment to diversity . The Ms. Foundation was founded in 1972 by Gloria Steinem , Patricia Carbine , Letty Cottin Pogrebin and Marlo Thomas . The Ms. Foundation was created to deliver funding and other strategic resources to organizations that elevated women 's and girl 's voices and solutions across race and class in communities nationwide.The Ms. Foundation works to identify and support emerging and established groups poised to act when and where change is needed . Its grants -- paired with skills-building , networking and other strategic opportunities -- enable organizations to advance women 's grassroots solutions across race and class and to build social movements within and across three areas : Economic Justice , Reproductive Justice and Safety . The organization also focuses its lobbying efforts on the state-level around those three areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f749d8020b51f2ad9159a9aa14f08529", "text": "Margaret Phipps Boegner Margaret Phipps Boegner ( November 17 , 1906 -- September 16 , 2006 ) ( a.k.a. `` Peggy '' ) was an American heiress and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcde6a93e3488113a764453a9f1af375", "text": "Isabella Graham Isabella Graham ( July 29 , 1742 , Lanarkshire , Scotland - July 27 , 1814 , New York City ) was a Scottish-American philanthropist and educator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac22491f700ffe2a17a3109fb0b69951", "text": "Mildred Brown Schrumpf Mildred Brown `` Brownie '' Schrumpf ( January 24 , 1903 -- March 2 , 2001 ) was an American home economist , food educator , and author . Named the `` Unofficial Ambassador of Good Eating '' by the Maine Department of Agriculture , she wrote a weekly food column for the Bangor Daily News from 1951 to 1994 promoting traditional Maine recipes . She was the main proponent of the claim that the chocolate brownie was invented in Bangor . She was inducted into the Maine Women 's Hall of Fame in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0624eadbd2a9df5e8272eb569c31289", "text": "Marilyn Brown Novel Award The Marilyn Brown Novel Award is an occasional award given to the best unpublished novel focusing on realistic cultural experiences of the Utah Region submitted for consideration . The award includes a $ 1000 honorarium . The award was founded by Marilyn Brown and her husband to encourage quality fiction focused on regional Mormon experience . Beginning in 2000 , the award was presented every other year by the Association for Mormon Letters . Beginning with the 2009 award , the Utah Valley University 's English Department has stewardship over the award . They have broadened the award 's scope to all fiction about the Utah region and intend to make it an annual award . The award has a $ 30000 endowment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6645305fff5b28c7b54f23faa4d6c243", "text": "Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 . Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include : What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ? What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ? Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce : `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d0ed448c5ed18d50c53b6e7e77428cd", "text": "Julia Brown Julia Brown was an American madam and prostitute active in mid-nineteenth century New York City . Brown has been described as `` the best-known prostitute in antebellum America '' . She became a popular subject of tourist guidebooks , and her name appears often in diaries from the period . In the 1830s , Brown entered a brothel owned by Adeline Miller , a well-known New York madam . She did not stay long , however ; soon Brown was running brothels of her own on Chapel and Church Streets . One brothel was partially destroyed when the neighboring National Theater burnt down in 1841 . By the next year , Brown had opened a new house on Leonard Street , stocked with furniture she had salvaged from the ruined playhouse . This quickly became the most famous brothel in New York City . Fanny White , a.k.a. Jane Augusta Blankman once worked in Brown 's brothel . Despite her illicit occupation , Brown was a darling of the New York upper class . She received invitations to social galas across New York City , and her admirers nicknamed her Princess Julia . She sometimes threw balls of her own in the winter as a way to attract new patrons . Charles Dickens reportedly visited her on a trip through America . The penny press also followed her exploits ; the major criticism levied against her was that the cut she took from her girls ' earnings was too large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f3911a6adda186e7b19119cb6c75a8a", "text": "Margaret E. Barber Margaret Emma Barber or M. E. Barber ( 1866 -- 1930 ; Chinese : 和受恩 ; Pinyin : Hé Shòuēn ; Foochow Romanized : Huò Sêu-ŏng ) , was a British missionary in China . She was born in 1866 in Peasenhall , Suffolk , England , the daughter of Louis ( a wheelwright ) and Martha ( née Gibbs ) Barber . The family moved to 59 St Martins Lane Norwich around 1876 and established a Carriage Manufacturing business . The family home in Norwich ( see georgeplunkett.co.uk for a view of 59 St Martins Lane ) was opposite St Martins Parish church which was intensly evangelical in the 1880 - 90s and must have had an influence on the Barber family . During the course of her life , she lived in China twice to preach the Christian gospel . She left her home and traveled in a lonely way thousands of miles . Barber , who initially went to China as an Anglican , became an independent missionary with informal ties to the Plymouth Brethren . She is best known for her influence on Watchman Nee ( Nee Tuo-Sheng ) . Along the south China coast ( in Foochow ) , she and others regularly taught a Bible class at `` White Teeth Rock '' . There she had contact with Nee who was studying at Anglican Trinity College . Barber referred him to books by J. N. Darby , Madam Jeanne Guyon , Jessie Penn-Lewis , D. M. Panton , T. Austin Sparks , and of others , which had been of help to her . She also influenced others Chinese Christian leaders , including Leland Wang who later formed the Chinese Foreign Missionary Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52488303f0a3722a65137f7c3ad47f13", "text": "Grace Mann Brown Grace Mann Brown ( April 16 , 1859 ; Pippin , Wisconsin ,1925 ; Denver , Colorado ) was an American writer and spiritual leader . Her work was related to the New Thought Movement , Divine Science and Christian Science . Much of her work focused on spirituality , metaphysics , mysticism , esoteric and occult sciences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a7c15376b21a8645130e07a38bb90da", "text": "Donna Redel Donna Redel is an American businesswoman and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9e805503ac23d28094c6c59a8eb9e4c", "text": "Minerva Foundation The Minerva Foundation is a US-based non-profit , scientific and charitable foundation . It is headquartered in Berkeley , California . It works to promote research in neuroscience , specifically on original and challenging approaches to the study of the visual brain . It was established in 1983 by Helen and Elwin Marg . Other than the founders , directors include Richard M. Buxbaum , Lawrence W. Stark , Semir Zeki , Tamia Marg Anderson and Lila S. Crutchfield . The foundation was named after Minerva , the Roman goddess of , among other things , wisdom and medicine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604a44a5bcc453269adff7e3b3570c8a", "text": "Susan E. Brown Susan E. Brown , Ph.D. , is a medical anthropologist and certified nutritionist , and two-time Fulbright scholar , recognized as a leader in the study and practice of using holistic and non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of osteoporosis . She is the author of several books on the topic of natural bone health , including Better Bones , Better Body : Beyond Estrogen and Calcium ( McGraw Hill 2000 ) , considered one of the first comprehensive looks at natural bone health for the lay audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16b193776b2057e935a09a849c14d55", "text": "Peabody Education Fund Founded of necessity due to damage caused largely by the American Civil War , the Peabody Education Fund was established by George Peabody in 1867 for the purpose of promoting `` intellectual , moral , and industrial education in the most destitute portion of the Southern States . '' The gift of foundation consisted of securities to the value of $ 2,100,000 , of which $ 1,100,000 were in Mississippi State bonds , afterward repudiated . In 1869 an additional $ 1,000,000 was given by Mr. Peabody , with $ 384,000 of Florida funds , also repudiated later . The main purpose of the fund was to aid elementary education by strengthening existing schools . Because it was restricted from founding new schools , it did not benefit freedmen in the South , as there were no established schools for blacks . `` The fund introduced a new type of benefaction in that it was left without restriction in the hands of the trustees to administer . Power to close the trust after thirty years was provided on condition that two-thirds of the fund be distributed to educational institutions in the Southern states . '' The rules of the Peabody Education Fund were strict , allowing for the distribution of about $ 80,000 per year over a period of thirty years . By the time of the termination of the fund in 1898 , about $ 2,500,000 had been distributed . In 1875 , the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund founded the Peabody Normal School of the South which promptly became the Peabody Normal College ( 1875-1911 ) . It was maintained in connection with the University of Nashville and supported by annual donations from the Peabody Education Fund . In 1910 the Peabody College for Teachers was organized . Placed adjacent to Vanderbilt University , the college opened its doors on June 14 , 1914 for summer school . In September 1915 , four new buildings had been completed at a cost of $ 750,000 . About 1915 , the Peabody Education Fund ceased to exist . The Southern Education Foundation , a not-for-profit foundation , was created in 1937 from the Peabody Education Fund and three funds intended to support education for blacks : the John F. Slater Fund , the Negro Rural School Fund , and the Virginia Randolph Fund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1d7b2c66e63f84b198d7984688c8524", "text": "Greg Brown (businessman) Gregory Q. `` Greg '' Brown ( born 1960 ) is an American businessman . He serves as chairman and chief executive officer of Motorola Solutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ab3cd1b224c0eb4a73e1024bda5577", "text": "Philanthropist (disambiguation) A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare ; a person who practices philanthropy . Philanthropist may also refer to : The Philanthropist , academic journal The Philanthropist ( play ) by Christopher Hampton ( 1971 ) The Philanthropist ( Cincinnati , Ohio ) abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist ( TV series ) , television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03c18fa9088b1d992a3bc6af150efaa1", "text": "L.B. Brown Lawrence Bernard Brown ( September 12 , 1856 -- June 16 , 1941 ) was a self-made businessman , community leader , and master carpenter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70037dae37f157a8dd801decfbe1c7ea", "text": "Margaret Mary Morgan Margaret Mary Morgan , was a U.S. suffragist , printing business owner , politician , child welfare advocate and , in 1921 , the first woman ever elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors . Originally of Portland , Maine , she first obtained work with her sister in a children 's clothing store at Monument Square in Portland . After moving to San Francisco in 1903 she obtained a position with the Walter N. Brunt Printing Company in its collections office where she was paid six dollars a week , later being promoted to the company 's office manager . She then started her own business , The Margaret Mary Morgan Printing Company , at 619 California Street . In 1918 she was asked by the national board of the Young Women 's Christian Association to look into the welfare of women and children in China . She subsequently ran for , and was elected to the office of Supervisor of San Francisco County in 1921 , serving until 1925 . She was additionally involved with : the California Federation of Business & Professional Women 's Clubs ; the San Francisco Business & Professional Women 's Club as its president ; the California League of Women Voters as its treasurer ; and also the San Francisco Nursery for Homeless Children as one of its trustees . Upon leaving her Supervisor 's office , she was quoted as saying , `` Remember , a woman has to work harder than a man and have more patience in order to achieve success . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492a2225f10bc04942c699f19cef685a", "text": "Margaret McKenna (academic) Margaret McKenna is a civil rights attorney and academic and former president of Suffolk University in Boston , Massachusetts . She previously served as president of Lesley University , president of the Wal-Mart Foundation , a professor at Brandeis University , a vice-president at Harvard University , and an official in the Clinton administration . McKenna received her B.A. from Emmanuel College in Boston , Massachusetts , and her J.D. from Southern Methodist University in Dallas , Texas . She worked as a civil rights attorney early in her career , eventually becoming deputy counsel in the White House and later undersecretary of the U.S. Department of Education , where she led the education transition team for President Bill Clinton . McKenna also served as president of Lesley University and was affiliated with Lesley for 22 years . She was also president of the Wal-Mart Foundation from 2007 to 2011 , a professor and director at Brandeis University , a vice-president at the Radcliffe Institute of Harvard University , and a vice-chair of the board at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center . McKenna was appointed president of Suffolk University in July 2015 . On February 5 , 2016 , she and Suffolk University Board of Trustees Chairman Andrew Meyer , Jr. , announced an agreement , formulated in the best interest of the University following a trustees quest to remove the president from her position after seven months in office . Meyer said he would not seek re-election after his term expires in May 2016 . Following the election of a new board chair and the adoption of new bylaws , a committee would be formed to initiate a search process for a new , permanent president , and McKenna would step down when a new president takes office in the beginning of the 2017-18 academic year .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "230c04dad7d6b35d41a6f9ae63ed7f20", "text": "J. K. Rowling Joanne Rowling , ( -LSB- ˈrəʊlɪŋ -RSB- born 31 July 1965 ) , pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith , is a British novelist , screenwriter and film producer best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series . The books have gained worldwide attention , won multiple awards , and sold more than 400 million copies . They have become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and maintained creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment . Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , England , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990 . The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother , birth of her first child , divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until she finished the first novel in the series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , in 1997 . There were six sequels , the last , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , in 2007 . Since then , Rowling has written four books for adult readers : The Casual Vacancy ( 2012 ) and -- under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith -- the crime fiction novels The Cuckoo 's Calling ( 2013 ) , The Silkworm ( 2014 ) and Career of Evil ( 2015 ) . Rowling has lived a `` rags to riches '' life story , in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years . She is the United Kingdom 's best-selling living author , with sales in excess of # 238M . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling 's fortune at # 600 million , ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK . Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year , noting the social , moral , and political inspiration she has given her fans . In October 2010 , Rowling was named the `` Most Influential Woman in Britain '' by leading magazine editors . She has supported charities including Comic Relief , One Parent Families , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos ( formerly the Children 's High Level Group ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae0e647713f4ce2798de1c21f359efc", "text": "Gingerbread (charity) Gingerbread is a registered charity ( England and Wales ) which provides advice , support and campaigns for single parent families . Following a merger with One Parent Families in 2007 it was briefly known as `` One Parent Families | Gingerbread '' before relaunching as Gingerbread in January 2009 . J. K. Rowling , formerly a single parent herself , is the charity 's President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d22b6669afffdc16cc7b1567a7ff50", "text": "Aredhel Aredhel Ar-Feiniel ( Y.T. 1362 -- Y.S. 400 ; died aged 1738 ) ( born and known in Quenya as Írissë ) is a fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien . She is called Ar-Feiniel , the White Lady of the Noldor . She is the daughter of Fingolfin , sister of Fingon , Turgon , and mother of Maeglin . She was born and raised in Tirion . Aredhel is tall and strong , beautiful , extremely willful , adventurous and fickle , easily bored and restless , fond of hunting and riding in the forests : `` I am your sister and not your servant , and beyond your bounds I will go as seems good to me . '' Her skin is pale and her hair dark ; she always wears silver and white . She would often ride and hunt in the company of the sons of Fëanor , her kin , but was not fond of them . After arriving in Middle-earth , Aredhel dwells in Nevrast with Turgon , and goes with him to Gondolin . But after two hundred years she tires of the city and longing for the forests and wide lands overcomes her . Aredhel asks leave to depart . Turgon is unwilling , fearing the exposure of the Hidden Kingdom , but eventually relents . Riding with companions , they are denied safe passage through Doriath because they seek the sons of Fëanor . And so they travel the East Road along the North March of Doriath . There Aredhel Ar-Feiniel is separated from her escort in the dangerous region of Nan Dungortheb . She reaches Himlad safely , and waits there to meet Celegorm who is abroad . Ever restless , she wanders off and becomes lost in the forest of Nan Elmoth . Eöl Mornedhel , the Dark Elf is the lord of those woods . By his enchantments , they meet , and he leads her to his dark home near Gladuial . This was similar to Melian 's enchantment of Thingol , but not as innocent on Eöl 's part . There they wed and she stays for many years . Aredhel gives birth to a son , Maeglin . Telling him of her former life and home , and weary of Nan Elmoth , Aredhel Ar-Feiniel desires to see them again . Without Eöl 's leave , or knowledge , she departs Nan Elmoth with Maeglin while Eöl is away . They reached the hidden entrance to Gondolin pursued by Eöl , and are received with rejoicing . Eöl is captured and brought before Turgon . Turgon will not allow Eöl to leave Gondolin , offering him only the choice to stay , or to die . Eöl refuses this judgement , choosing death for himself and his son . He attempts to kill his son with a javelin . Aredhel steps in front of the dart to shield Maeglin . She saves her son , and begs Turgon to forgive her husband , but it is poisoned and she dies that night after Eöl is led away by Turgon 's guards . Eöl is executed by being cast down from the city walls . Maeglin becomes a mighty prince in Gondolin , later only to betray the city and become even more hated than his father .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b786505415f45af2540fee3f4b01752a", "text": "Female infanticide Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children . In countries with a history of female infanticide , the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue . Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations such as China and India . It has been argued that the `` low status '' in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females . In 1978 , anthropologist Laila Williamson , in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was among both tribal and developed , or `` civilized '' nations , found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies and that rather than this practice being an exception , it has been commonplace . The practice has been well documented among the indigenous peoples of Australia , Northern Alaska and South Asia , and Barbara Miller argues the practice to be `` almost universal '' , even in the West . Miller contends that in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm then female infanticide is commonplace , and in 1871 in The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , Charles Darwin wrote that the practice was commonplace among the aboriginal tribes of Australia . In 1990 , Amartya Sen writing in the New York Review of Books estimated that there were 100 million fewer women in Asia than would be expected , and that this amount of `` missing '' women `` tell -LSB- s -RSB- us , quietly , a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to the excess mortality of women . '' Initially Sen 's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio . However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women , is due to gender specific abortions , infanticide and neglect . In seventh-century Arabia , before Islamic culture became established , female infanticide was widely practiced . This is attributed by scholars to the fact that women were deemed `` property '' within those societies . Others have speculated that to prevent their daughters from a life of misery , the mothers would kill the child . With the arrival of Islamic rule the practice was made illegal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9825a6fe605bf5c5710d5b6a28fa7c86", "text": "Children of the Thunder Children of the Thunder is a 1988 science fiction novel by John Brunner . The novel explores several themes : environment degradation of the modern world ( which Brunner believed was shortening his own life ) , paternal irresponsibility ( in the form of accepting cash for donating sperm to a sperm bank ) , and conservative ( fascist ) tendencies in British politics . The latter may reflect that the book was written during the Thatcher years . Like other Brunner books , the novel lacks cohesiveness in various ways , and is best read as a series of interconnected vignettes , each of which explores the above themes in a different context , with a culminating scene at the end of the book which is frightening in various ways , including a partial role reversal of the protagonist and villain . In those terms , the book can be seen as an attack of the author on excessive sexual freedom of men gained in the so-called sexual revolution . While sexual fulfillment itself is not demonized , the book catalogs extensive collateral damage in the form of single mothers and offspring not properly cared for . But this is not a kind-hearted appeal for better support systems for these people : they just might counterattack their oppressors which is to say the parents who abandoned ( or neglected ) them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d0ef81b728628170cd847a416f9eeb6", "text": "Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' . The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes : `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . '' While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works . Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! '' Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18f6e3776576b79dd3460f59a8b3567", "text": "Stephen James Joyce Stephen James Joyce ( born 15 February 1932 ) is the grandson of James Joyce and the controversial executor of Joyce 's estate . He was born in France , the son of James Joyce 's son , Giorgio , and Helen Joyce , née Kastor . Stephen attended Harvard University , graduating in 1958 . At Harvard , he once roomed with Paul Matisse , grandson of French impressionist painter Henri Matisse , and with Sadruddin Aga Khan . Thereafter , he worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on African development . He retired from the OECD in 1991 to focus on managing his grandfather 's estate . He and his wife , Solange Raythchine Joyce , live in the Île de Ré in France . They have no children ; Stephen is James Joyce 's sole living descendant . Stephen Joyce and Seán Sweeney are the joint trustees of the Estate of James Joyce . He has taken an active role in all legal matters relating to Joyce 's works . He has brought numerous lawsuits or threats of legal action against scholars , biographers , and artists attempting to quote from Joyce 's literary work or personal correspondence . In 2004 , Joyce threatened legal action against the Irish government when the Rejoyce Dublin 2004 festival proposed public reading of excerpts of Ulysses on Bloomsday . In 1988 Stephen Joyce destroyed a collection of letters written by Lucia Joyce , his aunt . In 1989 he forced Brenda Maddox to delete a postscript concerning Lucia from her biography Nora : The Real Life of Molly Bloom . After 1995 Stephen announced no permissions would be granted to quote from his grandfather 's work . Libraries holding letters by Joyce were unable to show them without permission . Versions of his work online were disallowed . Stephen claimed to be protecting his grandfather 's and his family 's reputation , but would sometimes grant permission to use material in exchange for fees that were often `` extortionate '' . On 13 January 2011 , on the 70th anniversary of Joyce 's death , all of his works entered the public domain in much of the world . In the US however , some of Joyce 's work remains protected by copyright . Prior to this , in 2007 , Joyce 's hold on the estate had already been delimited by a fair use suit brought by Carol Loeb Schloss and the Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society 's Fair Use Project . When the Central Bank of Ireland issued a ten euro James Joyce commemorative coin on 10 April 2013 , Stephen Joyce described the coin and the circumstances of its issue as `` one of the greatest insults to the Joyce family that has ever been perpetrated in Ireland '' . He complained of a lack of consultation over the coin ; he objected to an error in a Joycean quotation inscribed on the coin ; he was upset by the design of the portrait of the writer on the coin , calling it `` the most unlikely likeness of Joyce ever produced '' ; and he described as highly insensitive and offensive the decision to issue the coin on the anniversary of the death of his grandmother , Nora Joyce , who died in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21bf5f4f988d0348a68e33cd9e566dc", "text": "Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s , which sold over 80 million copies worldwide . Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s . His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success . Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period . Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist . Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable . In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3b10b31315d1c4e5c29302205b70c97", "text": "World League for Sexual Reform The World League for Sexual Reform was a League for coordinating knowledge about the enhancement of sexual function . In 1921 Magnus Hirschfeld organised the First Congress for Sexual Reform , which led to the formation of the League . Ralf Dose has written an overview of the League . Congresses were held in Copenhagen ( 1928 ) , London ( 1929 ) , Vienna ( 1930 ) , and Brno ( 1932 ) . Congress speakers included : Magnus Hirschfeld , Norman Haire , Vera Brittain , Dora Russell , Charles Vickery Drysdale ( from the Malthusian League ) , Stella Browne , Ernst Gräfenberg , Marie Stopes , M. D. Eder ( a pioneer psychiatrist ) , Laurence Housman , George Ives , Eden Paul , Felix Abraham ( who with Dr Levy-Lenz performed the world 's first sex-change operation in 1931 at Hirschfeld 's Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in Berlin ) , Bernard Shaw , Bertrand Russell , Ethel Mannin , Harry Benjamin , Peter Schmidt , William J. Robinson ( an American contraception crusader ) and Jack Flügel , a Freudian psychologist who assisted Norman Haire and Dora Russell organize the Congress and also led the Men 's Dress Reform Party Although not a speaker , Albert Einstein was in contact with the Congress . In 1928 Francis Turville-Petre , British archaeologist and friend of Christopher Isherwood , stayed at Hirschfeld 's Institute of Sexual Research in Weimar Berlin . Whilst based in Berlin , Turville-Petre was an active member of the Scientific Humanitarian Committee , which campaigned for gay legal reform and tolerance , and attended the 2nd Congress in Copenhagen in 1928 . In 1929 Magnus Hirschfeld presided over the third international congress held at Wigmore Hall , London . Harley Street sexologist , Norman Haire as secretary and Dora Russell as treasurer , jointly organized the event . Magnus Hirschfeld 's speech praised British scientists as `` distinguished pioneers in eugenics '' . A number of British feminists attended the 1929 conference , including Naomi Mitchison ( whose paper was `` Some Comment on the Use of Contraceptives by Intelligent Persons '' ) , Dora Russell ( `` Marriage and Freedom '' ) , Janet Chance , a pioneer of abortion-law reform ( `` A Marriage Education Centre in London '' ) , Vera Brittain , a writer and pacifist ( `` The Failure of Monogamy '' ) and Stella Browne ( `` The Right to Abortion '' ) . The WLSR dissolved after its meeting in 1932 ; a planned meeting in Moscow never took place . Many of the WLSR 's books and records were destroyed by the Nazis during a raid in Berlin on the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in May 1933 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eddd29b5630fd48264f7e16857e27a7", "text": "Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition The Definitive Edition of the verse of Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 -- 1936 ) was published in 1940 in London by Hodder and Stoughton , Ltd and in Edinburgh by R. R. Clark . It is a one-volume collection and was printed on India paper . The bibliographical information given on the verso of the title page ( the ` Edition notice ' ) of the 1958 reprint of the 1940 edition gives the following information ( years link to corresponding '' -LSB- year -RSB- in poetry '' article ) : The first edition of Kipling 's Collected Verse ( 1885 -- 1912 ) was published in 1912 , with a reprint in the same year . The second collected edition , the Inclusive Edition ( 1885 -- 1918 ) was first published in 3 volumes in December 1919 . A second impression came out in April 1920 . This edition ( inclusive of his verse from 1885 to 1918 ) was issued as a single volume in October 1921 , and went through 18 further impressions by August 1926 . The third collected edition ( Inclusive Edition , 1885 - 1926 ) appeared as a single volume in September 1927 . 11 more impressions came out by October 1931 . The fourth Inclusive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse ( 1885 -- 1932 ) , in one volume , appeared in October 1933 , and was followed by six impressions up to November 1939 . The Definitive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse appeared posthumously in 1940 . It was reprinted -- the edition notice of the 1958 reprint states -- in 1941 , 1949 and 1958 . Many other versions of Kipling 's verse have been made . These include Kipling , Rudyard ( 1913 ) Songs from Books , London , Macmillan . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1925 ) A choice of songs from the verse of Rudyard Kipling , London , Methuem . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1941 ) A Choice of Kipling 's Verse made by T.S.Eliot , with an essay on RUDYARD KIPLING , London , Faber and Faber . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1986 ) Early verse by Rudyard Kipling , 1879-1889 : unpublished , uncollected , and rarely collected poems , Oxford , Clarendon Press . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1992 ) Rudyard Kipling : selected poetry , London , Penguin . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1994 ) The collected poems of Rudyard Kipling , introduction and notes by R. T. Jones , Ware , Wordsworth Editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b", "text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fd5f51ca6e5bdf768591cb86bf963fc", "text": "William Hamling (publisher) William Lawrence Hamling ( born 1921 ) was a Chicago-based publisher active from the 1950s into the 1970s . Hamling began as an author . His Shadow of the Sphinx is a horror novel about an ancient Egyptian sorceress . First published during the 1940s in Fantastic Adventures , it was described by Lin Carter as `` the best story of its kind I read in many a moon . The character of Zaleikka was done to perfection . This is the type of yarn we have all too few of nowadays . '' After work as an editor at Ziff-Davis , Hamling started his company , Greenleaf Publishing ( which was at different times known as Greenleaf Classics , Reed Enterprises , Corinth Publications , Regency Publications , Blake Pharmaceuticals , Phenix Publishing and Freedom Publishing ) in the early 1950s with Imagination . His wife , science fiction author Frances Deegan Yerxa Hamling , worked closely with him in the early years of his publishing company . According to L. Sprague de Camp 's 1953 Science-Fiction Handbook , Hamling was at that time a `` slim , dark man who looks too young to be not only an independent publisher but also the father of five . '' In the late 1950s , he began Rogue , and in 1959 , he launched Nightstand Books , an imprint for paperback original sex novels by authors working under house names . ( Later imprints included Leisure Books , Ember Library , Midnight Readers , and others ) . From 1961 on his primary editor was Earl Kemp . Pseudonymous writers for Kemp/Hamling included Lawrence Block , Marion Zimmer Bradley , Harlan Ellison , Evan Hunter , Robert Silverberg , and Donald E. Westlake . Hamling helped finance the defense of bookstore clerk Robert Redrup . His appeal of his conviction on obscenity charges for selling two Greenleaf Books ( Lust Pool and Shame Agent ) in 1965 went to the Supreme Court of the United States , where it was overturned in Redrup v. New York in 1967 . During the Nixon Administration , Hamling published an illustrated edition of the Presidential Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography . The book was `` replete with the sort of photographs the commission examined . '' Hamling and editor Kemp were hit with a one-year prison sentence for distributing the book ( it has been suggested that this prosecution was in part retaliation for Hamling and Kemp 's part in Redrup v. New York ) , but served only the federal minimum of three months and one day . The story of their arrest and prison time was covered in Gay Talese 's Thy Neighbor 's Wife . Hamling published gay-themed books while at Greenleaf , one of the earliest publishers to do so . Novelist Victor J. Banis , one of Hamling 's authors , says that once Greenleaf proved how much of a market there was for erotic gay fiction , other publishers soon joined in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82f3159a68fe7706bd0e3ab915810f4", "text": "Harry Potter in Calcutta Harry Potter in Calcutta is a work by Uttam Ghosh in which Harry Potter meets figures from Bengali literature . J. K. Rowling and her lawyers sued for the novel to be removed from the market , citing intellectual property concerns , and subsequently they were removed from sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725d7bc7cca2c524fc4bef4a17793501", "text": "Sally Ledger Sally Ledger ( 14 December 1961 - 21 January 2009 ) was a Professor of Victorian literature who made major contributions to the fields of nineteenth-century women 's writing , literary feminism , and the study of Charles Dickens . Ledger took her undergraduate studies at Queen Mary University of London , where she won the George Smith Prize for the best English First in the University of London in 1985 . She completed her graduate studies at the University of Oxford , where she worked on the novels of Mark Rutherford under the supervision of Terry Eagleton at Wadham College . While at Oxford she was involved with the student pressure group Oxford English Limited , and wrote for its journal News from Nowhere : Journal of the Oxford English Faculty Opposition ; she also contributed to the journal Literature Teaching Politics , where her first published article appeared in 1987 . After her doctorate , Ledger had lectureships at Royal Holloway University of London , the University of Exeter and the University of the West of England before moving to Birkbeck University of London in 1995 as a Lecturer in English . She was promoted to Reader in 2001 and Professor in 2006 . Ledger moved to Royal Holloway University of London in 2008 to take up the Hildred Carlile Chair of English . Professor Ledger 's major publications are The New Woman : Fiction and Feminism at the Fin de Siècle ( Manchester University Press , 1997 ) and Dickens and the Popular Radical Imagination ( Cambridge University Press , 2007 ) . She also wrote a study of Henrik Ibsen for Northcote House 's ` Writers and Their Work ' series ( 1999 ) , and co-edited a series of volumes : Political Gender : Texts and Contexts ( Routledge , 1994 ) , Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle ( Cambridge University Press , 1995 ) , The Fin de Siècle : A Reader in Cultural History ( Oxford University Press , 2000 ) and the posthumously published Charles Dickens in Context ( Cambridge University Press , 2013 ) . She also edited George Egerton 's Keynotes and Discords ( Bloomsbury Academic , 2000 ) . From 2005-2009 she was an integral part of the Dickens Project conference at the University of California , Santa Cruz and was planning a book on the origins of Victorian sentimentality at the time of her death . The British Association of Victorian Studies inaugurated the Sally Ledger Memorial Bursary fund for postgraduate students in her honour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce007bc7bd6876b62dde384f7bb8ab7", "text": "Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings . Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 . Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set . The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42927f5b7253106a5ec4a32f97eb1bf8", "text": "List of women who died in childbirth This is a list of notable women , either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known , who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) : `` the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes . '' Note that this wording includes abortion , miscarriage , stillbirth , and ectopic pregnancy . Generally , there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy , delivery , or management of the two , and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy . Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or non-obstetrical maternal deaths . However , the WHO definition is only one of many ; other definitions may include accidental and incidental causes . Cases with `` incidental causes '' include deaths secondary to violence against women that may be related to the pregnancy and be affected by the socioeconomic and cultural environment . Also , it has been reported that about 10 % of maternal deaths may occur late , that is after 42 days after a termination or delivery ; thus , some definitions extend the period of observation to one year after the end of gestation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b73fa25f29dc9653d4148e4587ab1d7c", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Brazil Same-sex marriage has been legal in Brazil since 16 May 2013 , following the National Justice Council decision , which orders notaries of every state to perform same-sex marriages . The ruling is on appeal to the Supreme Court . Same-sex unions had already been legally recognized since 2004 . Following a ruling of the Supreme Court of Brazil , so-called stable unions ( união estável ) had been available for same-sex couples since May 2011 . These unions were granted most of the rights of marriages , including adoption , welfare benefits , pension , inheritance tax , income tax , social security , health benefits , immigration , joint property ownership , hospital and prison visitation , IVF and surrogacy . This decision paved the way for future legislation on same-sex matrimonial rights . Before the nationwide legislation , Alagoas , Bahia , Ceará , Espírito Santo , the Federal District , Mato Grosso do Sul , Paraíba , Paraná , Piauí , Rondônia , Santa Catarina , Santa Rita do Sapucaí ( MG ) , São Paulo , and Sergipe had already allowed same-sex marriages and several unions were converted into full marriages by state judges . In Rio de Janeiro , same-sex couples could also marry but only if local judges agreed with their request . Nevertheless , on 14 May 2013 , the Justice 's National Council of Brazil legalized same-sex marriage in the entire country in a 14-1 vote by issuing a ruling that orders all civil registers of the country to perform same-sex marriages and convert any existing civil union into a marriage , if the couple wish so . Joaquim Barbosa , president of the Council of Justice and the Supreme Federal Court , said that notaries can not continue to refuse to `` perform a civil wedding or the conversion of a stable civil union into a marriage between people of the same sex . '' The ruling was published on 15 May and took effect on 16 May 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceb9aac793985c843f5d830ac1bfacf2", "text": "Guanabara (state) The State of Guanabara ( Estado da Guanabara , -LSB- ɡwanaˈbaɾa -RSB- ) was a Brazilian city-state that existed from 1960 to 1975 . It comprised only the city of Rio de Janeiro after the Federal District was moved from that city to Brasília in 1960 . The state was named after Guanabara Bay , along its eastern coast . In 1834 , the city of Rio de Janeiro was elevated to Imperial capital of the Empire of Brazil , but it was not part of any Brazilian province , having special status as the so-called `` Neutral municipality '' ( Município Neutro ) . The surrounding Province of Rio de Janeiro ( which did not include the city ) had its capital city in Niterói . When Brazil became a republic in 1889 , the city of Rio de Janeiro remained the national capital and became the Federal District ( Distrito Federal ) , while the surrounding homonymous province became a state , still with Niterói as its capital . When the national capital was moved to Brasília in 1960 , a new Federal District was carved out of the state of Goiás to contain it , and the old Federal District became Guanabara State . Throughout its 15-year existence , Guanabara was a unique state in many ways . Comprising only one city ( albeit a large one ) , Guanabara was the smallest Brazilian state by land . It also had the peculiarity of being the only Brazilian state that was not divided into municipalities . Although for some practical purposes , it was sometimes counted as having one single municipality , and Rio de Janeiro was officially named its capital , there was no mayor , municipal legislature or any other municipal government institution there , as the city of Rio de Janeiro was directly administered by the state government . On the other hand , that also meant that the Guanabara state government had some functions that were normally assigned to municipalities elsewhere , such as regulating urban zoning , inspecting the safety of buildings , or issuing licenses for commercial venues , for example . All the characteristics disappeared in 1975 , when the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro merged into a new , larger State of Rio de Janeiro . The city of Rio de Janeiro became a municipality of the new combined state and its new capital city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb74da366679fdcc774f5d1fb8615084", "text": "Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States In response to court action in a number of states , the United States federal government and a number of state legislatures passed or attempted to pass legislation either prohibiting or allowing same-sex marriage or other types of same-sex unions . On June 26 , 2015 , the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges that a fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by the Fourteenth Amendment , and that states must allow same-sex marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfb041b3aec4a50b80e24ad72241878", "text": "United States v. Windsor United States v. Windsor , ( Docket No . ) , is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of `` marriage '' and `` spouse '' to apply only to opposite-sex unions , by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) , is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment ; Justice Kennedy wrote : `` The federal statute is invalid , for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State , by its marriage laws , sought to protect in personhood and dignity . '' Edith Windsor ( born 1929 ) and Thea Spyer ( October 8 , 1931 -- February 5 , 2009 ) , a same-sex couple residing in New York , were lawfully married in Toronto , Canada , in 2007 . Later in 2008 , New York recognized their marriage following a court decision . Spyer died at the age of 77 in 2009 , leaving her entire estate to Windsor . Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses . She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA ( codified at ) , which provided that the term `` spouse '' only applied to marriages between a man and woman . The Internal Revenue Service found that the exemption did not apply to same-sex marriages , denied Windsor 's claim , and compelled her to pay $ 363,053 in estate taxes . On November 9 , 2010 , Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York , seeking a refund because DOMA singled out legally married same-sex couples for `` differential treatment compared to other similarly situated couples without justification . '' On February 23 , 2011 , U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Department of Justice would not defend the constitutionality of Section 3 in Windsor . On April 18 , 2011 , Paul Clement , representing the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group ( BLAG ) , intervened to defend the law . On June 6 , 2012 , Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional under the due process guarantees of the Fifth Amendment and ordered the federal government to issue the tax refund , including interest . The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , in a 2 -- 1 decision , affirmed the district court 's judgment on October 18 , 2012 . BLAG petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision , and the Court issued a writ of certiorari in December 2012 . On March 27 , 2013 , the court heard oral arguments . On June 26 , 2013 , the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 5 -- 4 decision declaring Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional `` as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment . '' On the same day , the court also issued a separate 5 -- 4 decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry -- a case related to California 's constitutional amendment initiative barring same-sex marriage . The decision effectively allowed same-sex marriages in that state to resume after the court ruled that the proponents of the initiative lacked Article III standing to appeal in federal court based on its established interpretation of the case or controversy clause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddef7a47342cd3816f7a1cb25b16cf6e", "text": "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States . Via the case Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26 , 2015 , the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide , with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions . Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states , territories , and the District of Columbia , excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08d95fc9dc7c25a75765d2a690f5c09f", "text": "Defense of Marriage Act The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( , and ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states . Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ) , DOMA , in conjunction with other statutes , had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as `` spouses '' for purposes of federal laws , effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits . DOMA 's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage , but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples . Initially introduced in May 1996 , DOMA passed both houses of Congress by large , veto-proof majorities and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in September 1996 . By defining `` spouse '' and its related terms to signify a heterosexual couple in a recognized marriage , Section 3 codified non-recognition of same-sex marriages for all federal purposes , including insurance benefits for government employees , social security survivors ' benefits , immigration , bankruptcy , and the filing of joint tax returns , as well as excluding same-sex spouses from the scope of laws protecting families of federal officers ( 18 U. S. C. § 115 ) , laws evaluating financial aid eligibility , and federal ethics laws applicable to opposite-sex spouses . In United States v. Windsor ( 2013 ) , the U.S. Supreme Court declared Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe7e811f81518d829c8c5dbcc019ce3", "text": "LGBT rights in Northern Ireland Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Northern Ireland are the least advanced in the United Kingdom . It was the last country in the United Kingdom to legalise same-sex sexual activity , the last to end a lifetime ban on blood donations by men who have sex with men and remains the only region of the United Kingdom or Ireland to prohibit same-sex marriage . Progress has mostly come during direct rule by the Government of the United Kingdom or through court action rather than local legislative reform , due to the veto power wielded by the anti-LGBT Democratic Unionist Party under Northern Ireland 's power-sharing system . ILGA rates Northern Ireland as the worst place in the United Kingdom for LGBT people , with 74 % equality of rights compared to 86 % LGBT equality in the United Kingdom overall and 92 % equality in Scotland . LGBT rights campaigner Peter Tatchell describes Northern Ireland as `` the most homophobic place in western Europe '' . Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1982 and the age of consent has been equal for all forms of sexual activity since 2001 . Civil partnerships have been available for same-sex couples since 2005 . Same-sex marriage has been voted on five times by the Northern Ireland Assembly , and although it was passed by a slim majority on the fifth attempt , it was vetoed by the Democratic Unionist Party using the petition of concern . Same-sex marriages performed outside Northern Ireland are recognised as civil partnerships within its borders . Same-sex couples have also been granted full adoption rights since 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcfa23a3405e6843e2c584d4b5688a39", "text": "Marriage certificate A marriage certificate ( sometimes : marriage lines ) is an official statement that two people are married . In most jurisdictions , a marriage certificate is issued by a government official only after the civil registration of the marriage . In some jurisdictions , especially in the United States , a marriage certificate is the official record that two people have undertaken a marriage ceremony . This includes jurisdictions where marriage licenses do not exist . In some other jurisdictions , a marriage license serves a dual purpose of granting permission for a marriage to take place and then endorsing the same document to record the fact that the marriage has been performed . A marriage certificate may be required for a number of reasons . It may be required as evidence of change of a party 's name , on issues of legitimacy of a child , during divorce proceedings , or as part of a genealogical history , besides other purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1c3b1f2ab05adc02bb05174cf560b17", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Maine Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Maine since December 29 , 2012 . The bill for legalization was approved by voters , 53-47 percent , on November 6 , 2012 , as Maine , Maryland and Washington became the first U.S. states to legalize same-sex marriage by popular vote . Election results were certified by the Maine Secretary of State 's office and the Governor of Maine on November 29 . The 2012 referendum was a reversal of action on a similar bill three years earlier . On May 6 , 2009 , a bill to allow same-sex marriage in Maine was signed into law , by Governor John Baldacci following legislative approval . Opponents of the bill successfully petitioned for a referendum before the law went into effect ; voters rejected the law on November 3 , 2009 in a `` people 's veto . '' Until the referendum result rejected the law , it appeared that Maine would be the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage through the legislative process with a governor 's signature , rather than following a judicial ruling . Vermont was the first state to legalize same-sex marriage by statute , but its legislature did so by overriding its governor 's veto . Both U.S Senators from Maine , Republican Susan Collins and Independent Angus King , support same-sex marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f9d55a69bebf71ad1aaad103c132e60", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Minnesota Same-sex marriage is fully legal and recognized in Minnesota . It has been recognized if performed in other jurisdictions since July 1 , 2013 , and the state began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on August 1 , 2013 . After 52.6 % of state voters rejected a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in November 2012 , the Minnesota Legislature passed a same-sex marriage bill in May 2013 , which Governor Mark Dayton signed on May 14 , 2013 . Minnesota was the second state in the Midwest , after Iowa , to legalize marriage between same-sex couples and the first in the region to do so by enacting legislation rather than by court order . Minnesota was the first state to reject a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage , though Arizona rejected one in 2006 that banned all legal recognition and later approved one banning only marriage . Minnesota is also where one of the first same-sex marriage cases in the world took place . In Baker v. Nelson the Minnesota Supreme Court unanimously held in 1972 that it did not violate the constitution to limit marriage to opposite-sex couples , and the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case on appeal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67812d6a026a9830ed49cd06a0b5f53", "text": "Paulistas Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga . The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small . As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil ( such as the Northeast ) to work in coffee plantations . The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest . From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations . The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcab68714c89c9e345f48c322fc1ce64", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Montana The state of Montana has recognized same-sex marriage since a federal court ruled the state 's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional on November 19 , 2014 . It had previously denied marriage rights to same-sex couples by statute since 1997 and in its constitution since 2004 . The state appealed the ruling to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals , but before that court could hear the case , the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Ohio 's ban on same-sex marriage , mooting any remaining appeals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8245139b3cf1de075bb7420727913cf3", "text": "LGBT rights in Croatia Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Croatia have expanded in recent years but LGBT persons may still face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents . Both male and female same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Croatia since 1977 . The status of same-sex relationships were first formally recognized in 2003 under a law dealing with unregistered cohabitations . As a result of a 2013 referendum , Croatia 's Constitution defines marriage solely as a union between a man and a woman , effectively reinforcing the prohibition on same-sex marriage . Nevertheless , since the introduction of the Life Partnership Act in 2014 , same-sex couples in Croatia have effectively enjoyed rights equal to heterosexual married couples in everything except adoption rights . However , separate legislation does provide same-sex couples with an mechanism similar to step-child adoption called `` partner-guardianship '' . Croatia bans all discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation , gender identity and gender expression . Centre-left , centre , and green political parties have generally been the main proponents of LGBT rights , while right-wing , centre-right political parties and movements close to the Roman Catholic Church have been in opposition to the extension of rights . In 2015 , the International Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual , Trans and Intersex Association ( ILGA ) ranked Croatia 5th in terms of LGBT rights out of 49 observed European countries , which represented an improvement compared to the previous year 's position of 12th place . Croatia is among 11 member countries that make up a LGBT Core Group at U.N. on Ending Violence and Discrimination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910ea99ef79092c1727bf3ab47ba2de5", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Nunavut Nunavut Territory began granting marriage licences to same-sex couples upon the passage of the federal Civil Marriage Act on July 20 , 2005 . On 30 October 2003 , Premier Paul Okalik made the following statement : `` If developments in the Parliament of Canada and the Supreme Court of Canada result in the definition of marriage being broadened , we will respect the law and comply with that . In the meantime , anyone in Nunavut who has been legally married anywhere will be recognized by the Government of Nunavut as married . '' He further suggested that the territory would perform same-sex divorces should the issue arise . Premier Okalik succeeded in passing a territorial human rights code banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation . As well , Nancy Karetak-Lindell , Liberal MP for the riding of Nunavut , was re-elected in the 2006 election after having supported same-sex marriage . During the March , 2004 general election in Nunavut , one of Premier Okalik 's main opponents ran on the basis that he would repeal the territory 's human rights legislation on sexual orientation , and would not recognize same-sex marriages . In October 2011 , the Marriage Act was amended by replacing the words `` husband and wife '' with `` spouses '' . The Adoption Act was also amended by changing the definition of spouse to include same-sex couples , thus allowing them to adopt children jointly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f91d63aa2c156e6e274e41963440921", "text": "Brazilians in Portugal Brazilians represent approximately 25 % of the foreign population in Portugal . Their legal status varies according to several and complex elements such as date of arrival and effective legalization processes available to them ( 1992 , 1996 , 2001 , 2003 ) , whether they are married to a national or they have Portuguese ( or other European ) ancestors , what their level of education and work experience is , etc. . Therefore , a large number of them are legal residents , others have authorization to stay ( autorizações de permanência ) , others , fewer , were able to legalized through the 2003 exceptional process and have working permits , and many others are still undocumented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df3fac8787ad7e1c005e61fbe38a038", "text": "Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998 The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act , 1998 ( Act No. 120 of 1998 ) is a South African statute in terms of which marriages performed under African customary law , including polygynous marriages , are recognized as legal marriages . It also reformed the law relating to the legal status of women in customary marriages , the financial consequences of a customary marriage and the dissolution of customary marriages , replacing the customary law with statutory provisions . The act was signed by President Nelson Mandela on 20 November 1998 but only came into force on 15 November 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063580aab30ca0af610240c99be2fdde", "text": "South Carolina Amendment 1 South Carolina Amendment 1 of 2006 amended the South Carolina Constitution to make it unconstitutional for the U.S. state to recognize or perform same-sex marriages or civil unions . The referendum was approved by 78 % of voters . Unlike the other sixteen such state amendments , South Carolina 's explicitly disavows any effort to prevent private contracts between same-sex partners from being recognized -- Virginia being the only state to do so . The text of South Carolina Amendment 1 states : A marriage between one man and one woman is the only lawful domestic union that shall be valid or recognized in this State . This State and its political subdivisions shall not create a legal status , right , or claim respecting any other domestic union , however denominated . This State and its political subdivisions shall not recognize or give effect to a legal status , right , or claim created by another jurisdiction respecting any other domestic union , however denominated . Nothing in this section shall impair any right or benefit extended by the State or its political subdivisions other than a right or benefit arising from a domestic union that is not valid or recognized in this State . This section shall not prohibit or limit parties , other than the State or its political subdivisions , from entering into contracts or other legal instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3def3cb072c9d67fe0d9517193bb6574", "text": "Christian views on marriage Most Christian authorities and bodies view marriage ( also called Holy Matrimony ) as a state instituted and ordained by God for the lifelong relationship between one man as husband and one woman as wife . They consider it the most intimate of human relationships , a gift from God , and a sacred institution . Protestants consider it to be sacred , holy , and even central to the community of faith , while Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians consider it a Sacrament . Biblically , it is to be `` held in honour among all ... . '' Jesus maintained the importance and sacredness of lifelong marriage in his own teachings . He quoted from both Genesis 1 and 2 , stating in that God had created humanity as male and female , and that in marriage the two will become one flesh ' . So they are no longer two , but one flesh . Therefore , what God has joined together , let no one separate '' . In most states with a traditionally majority Christian population , civil laws recognize marriage as having social and political statuses . Christian theology affirms the secular status of marriage , but additionally views it from a moral and religious perspective that transcends all social interests . While marriage is honored and affirmed among Christians and throughout the Bible , there is no suggestion that it is necessary for everyone . Single people who either have chosen to remain unmarried or who have lost their spouse for some reason are neither incomplete in Christ nor personal failures . In the Catechism of the Catholic Church is explained that `` the intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws . God himself is the author of marriage . '' The vocation to marriage is written in the very nature of man and woman as they came from the hand of the Creator . '' By reason of their state in life and of their order , -LSB- Christian spouses -RSB- have their own special gifts in the People of God . `` This grace proper to the sacrament of Matrimony is intended to perfect the couple 's love and to strengthen their indissoluble unity . By this grace they `` help one another to attain holiness in their married life and in welcoming and educating their children . '' Christ is the source of this grace . `` Just as of old God encountered his people with a covenant of love and fidelity , so our Savior , the spouse of the Church , now encounters Christian spouses through the sacrament of Matrimony . `` Christ dwells with them , gives them the strength to take up their crosses and so follow him , to rise again after they have fallen , to forgive one another , to bear one another 's burdens '' `` and to love one another with supernatural , tender , and fruitful love '' The New Testament teaches that sex is reserved for marriage . It calls sex with the wife of another , or sex with someone else other than the husband , the sin of adultery . ( See also fornication . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd083a7088792da9faf9f1760fcd417", "text": "Same-sex marriage in Campeche Same-sex marriage became legal in the Mexican state of Campeche on 20 May 2016 . In April 2016 , Campeche 's Governor , Alejandro Moreno Cárdenas , submitted a same-sex marriage bill to Congress , which was approved on 10 May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06211ec6edd40f3def8a8232385a9c3d", "text": "LGBT rights in Pará Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people in Pará , Brazil enjoy many of the same legal protections available to non-LGBT people . Homosexuality is legal in the state .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9f65d85ff9bcf65444e3e0b5c9f42965", "text": "Judith Barsi Judith Eva Barsi ( June 6 , 1978 -- July 25 , 1988 ) was an American child actress in the mid - to late 1980s . She began her career in television , making appearances in commercials and television shows , and later appeared in the films Jaws : The Revenge , The Land Before Time , and All Dogs Go to Heaven , supplying the voice for animated characters in the latter two . She and her mother , Maria , were both killed in July 1988 as a result of a double murder -- suicide perpetrated by her father , József .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "13f735cb0e5b001e1b495f7e3b52e7b6", "text": "Bariwali Bariwali ( বাড়িওয়ালি , translation : The Landlady , English-language title : The Lady of the House ) is a Bengali film released in 2000 directed by Rituparno Ghosh . The film features Kirron Kher , Roopa Ganguly and Chiranjeet Chakraborty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc7659d5f47df79ec7872d600a7b4215", "text": "Barbary Pirate (film) Barbary Pirate is a 1949 American swashbuckler film starring Donald Woods and Trudy Marshall , directed by Lew Landers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad427ee41ccafeab086c5edc403e772d", "text": "Enchanted April (1992 film) Enchanted April is a 1992 film directed by Mike Newell . The screenplay by Peter Barnes was adapted from Elizabeth von Arnim 's 1922 novel The Enchanted April . The film stars Miranda Richardson , Josie Lawrence , Polly Walker and Joan Plowright , with Alfred Molina , Michael Kitchen and Jim Broadbent in supporting roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51deea949c56de4e5123f231e7f8961f", "text": "Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) . She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a47d33d8d16c104e3a6988db0b70839", "text": "Rajat Bedi Rajat Bedi is an Indian film actor and television producer who primarily appears in Bollywood films . Known for his role as `` Raj Saxena '' in the film Koi ... Mil Gaya ( 2003 ) , Bedi had worked over 40 films , including Rakht ( 2004 ) , Khamoshh ... Khauff Ki Raat ( 2005 ) and Rocky - The Rebel ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7632d0751c8d95ecd63b92816c61e785", "text": "Torch Song (1993 film) Torch Song ( also known as Judith Krantz 's Torch Song ) is a 1993 made-for-television drama film directed by Michael Miller , starring Raquel Welch , Jack Scalia and Alicia Silverstone . The film originally premiered on ABC on May 23 , 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00234ec5f2e3f8ccf6b3f18e60dc8056", "text": "Honey (1981 film) Honey ( Miele di donna ) is a 1981 Italian drama film directed by Gianfranco Angelucci . It stars Clio Goldsmith , Catherine Spaak , and Fernando Rey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2fd43ea3bbf7b86873a77b0b63a1be7", "text": "Dark Bar Dark Bar is a 1989 Italian drama film directed by Stelio Fiorenza as Stanley Florency and starring Marina Suma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695aa258e02c0994eb3b5d705b518292", "text": "Baroud Baroud is a 1932 British-French adventure film directed by Rex Ingram and Alice Terry and starring Felipe Montes , Rosita Garcia , Pierre Batcheff . It was released in separate French and English-language versions , the latter sometimes known by the title Love in Morocco . It was the final film of Ingram , a leading Hollywood director of the silent era . The title is the Berber word for war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f60c8a0a7f4860ea91c7f363dca0924", "text": "Ida Makes a Movie Ida Makes a Movie ( 1979 ) is the short film that inspired the Degrassi franchise . It was directed by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler and was written by Amy Jo Cooper . The story was adapted from the children 's picture book Ida Makes a Movie , written by Kay Chorao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e05051b35846b2d138233a37b5109b", "text": "Flushing Meadows (film) Flushing Meadows ( 1965 ) is an American short film by Larry Jordan , with director Joseph Cornell . The film is 8 minutes long , in color , 16mm , and silent . The film is an ode to the memory of Joyce Hunter , a Queens waitress Cornell met in 1962 . Cornell apparently had an infatuation with Hunter even though she was found to have stolen items and attempted to fence them . Cornell never pressed charges against Hunter and she was murdered in December 1964 . The film was produced after Hunter 's death and is largely a series of scenes from Flushing Cemetery where Hunter was buried . The film was first shown publicly at the Gramercy Theatre in New York City on December 22 , 2003 . The short aired twice at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival , in commemoration of the centennial of Cornell 's birth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfdd6ba24d482b527d385a43a6e1285f", "text": "Sendi Bar Sendi Bar ( sometimes Sandy Bar ; סנדי בר born April 5 , 1976 ) is an Israeli actress and model . Bar appeared in commercials for `` Black and Wild '' beer , `` Milki '' and `` Isracart '' . She modeled for fashion companies `` Castro '' and `` Pilpel '' . Bar started her acting career in 1996 in the TV drama `` Deadly Fortune '' ( Kesef Katlani ) , directed by Eran Riklis . It was broadcast on prime time in Channel and was followed by roles in `` Zbeng ! '' and `` Zinzana '' . She resided for several years in Los Angeles with her husband , actor Aki Avni , and their son . They returned to Israel in 2008 , and separated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c316a2b9172a132c3297fde862e0450", "text": "Kati Lázár Kati Lázár ( born 14 December 1948 ) is a Hungarian actress . She appeared in more than eighty films since 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9feddc92681b371bc4b30cdb3a85394", "text": "Grażyna Błęcka-Kolska Grażyna Błęcka-Kolska ( born 16 February 1962 ) is a Polish actress . She has appeared in 22 films and television shows since 1988 . She starred in Johnnie Waterman , which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival . She is an ex-wife of film director Jan Jakub Kolski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37674599028162246beca1d47653c44c", "text": "Kini and Adams Kini and Adams is a 1997 Burkinabé drama film directed by Idrissa Ouedraogo . It was filmed in Zimbabwe in English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f6f10d2a0df2242bf669f1144f632e", "text": "Bolero (1984 film) Bolero is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Bo Derek , and written and directed by her husband John Derek . The film centers on the protagonist 's sexual awakening and her journey around the world to pursue an ideal first lover who will take her virginity . Despite minor commercial success , the film was critically panned , earning nominations for nine Golden Raspberry Awards at the 5th Golden Raspberry Awards and `` winning '' six , including the Worst Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "824f616bb419ceb875b0ae6622f665a3", "text": "Abby (film) Abby is a 1974 American blaxploitation horror film about a woman who is possessed by an African sex spirit . The film stars Carol Speed as the title character , William H. Marshall and Terry Carter . It was directed by William Girdler , who co-wrote the film 's story with screenwriter Gordon Cornell Layne . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 4 million in a month , but was pulled from theaters after the film 's distributor , American International Pictures , was accused of copyright violation by Warner Bros. , which saw the film as being derivative of The Exorcist and filed a lawsuit against AIP . Girdler himself told the Louisville Courier Journal : `` Sure , we made Abby to come in on the shirttail of The Exorcist . '' The film is also inspired by 1968 's Rosemary 's Baby . In 2004 , a 16mm low quality copy of Abby was released on DVD . Despite mixed reviews initially , the film has a cult following and is considered by many a classic blaxploitation film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "552bf53f9900d2891ed717cd2b03013f", "text": "Tom Welling Thomas John Patrick `` Tom '' Welling ( born April 26 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director , producer , and model best known for his role as Clark Kent in The WB/CW superhero drama Smallville ( 2001 -- 11 ) . A high school athlete , Welling initially worked in construction and , in 1998 , he successfully modeled men 's clothing for several popular brands . In 2000 , he made a successful transition to television . He has been nominated for and received several awards for his role as Clark Kent . In 2001 , he had a recurring role as Rob `` Karate Rob '' Meltzer in the second season of the CBS legal drama Judging Amy . He has also been involved behind the camera as an executive producer and a director . His films include Cheaper by the Dozen , Cheaper by the Dozen 2 , The Fog , The Choice and Draft Day .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3fa19acd9fb81fb625db73f6995a02b7", "text": "Tom Parker (actor) Thomas Scott `` Tom '' Parker ( born July 23 , 1977 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5421fa1fb49124f6a217b71b082496", "text": "The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff73368449b1f3bf9c6b7344d6b405be", "text": "Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash . He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96755d5fbc3315f0d7c6c2a2a5cf7c88", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton , a planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton , which is abundant in its atmosphere . The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and was first referred to in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) . The planet made its first full appearance in Superman # 1 ( Summer 1939 ) . Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl , Krypto the Superdog , and Power Girl ( in her case , an alternate-universe version designated `` Krypton-Two '' ) . It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman 's flight from the planet , although the exact details of its destruction vary by time period and writers . Kryptonians were the dominant species on Krypton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df298a2b2bde75ac8dc23ee41fd01354", "text": "Tom Quinn (Spooks) Tom Quinn is a fictional character in the BBC espionage television series Spooks ( called MI-5 in the United States ) , which follows the exploits of Section D , a counter-terrorism division of MI5 . He is portrayed by British actor Matthew Macfadyen . In the first two series , Tom is the chief of Section D . The character was in the first and second episode of the third series but was decommissioned as a result of sabotaging an operation . Series creator David Wolstencroft believed that writing Tom was the most fun , yet hardest to work on . During the second series , the producers were unsure whether Macfadyen would return for the third ; because of this , Tom was originally killed in the second series finale . However , when Macfadyen decided to appear in the first two episodes of the third series , series writer Howard Brenton had to `` unkill him . '' Reaction towards the character by fans were positive , though critics were mixed about Macfadyen 's portrayal . Tom Quinn would later appear again as a cameo on the final episode of Spooks ; his brief return was met with generally positive reactions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b62ba986dd86a76868063b92b3651cb8", "text": "Wellard Wellard is a fictional Belgian Tervuren dog from the BBC soap opera EastEnders . He first appeared in the series on 18 October 1994 , and became EastEnders longest-serving pet , before being killed off on 15 August 2008 . Although the character is male , he has been played primarily by three female dogs : Zenna , her daughter Chancer , and her granddaughter Kyte . A fourth dog briefly served as a replacement for Zenna in 1996 , when she was given time off from the show to have a litter of puppies . Wellard was briefly written out of the series under executive producer Matthew Robinson , but returned when Robinson was succeeded by John Yorke . Wellard 's owners for the majority of his duration in the soap were Robbie Jackson and Gus Smith . He was voted `` Best Pet '' at the 2008 Digital Spy Soap Awards , and named the UK 's favourite soap opera pet in a 2009 Inside Soap poll . Wellard was a fan favourite , and although a storyline that saw him threatened with euthanasia for biting local café owner Ian Beale was poorly received by critics , his death drew generally favourable reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33671e8540a2999ff3f1bf52b89a880", "text": "Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05133102cc2fd0db8aa29845de3fcf71", "text": "Walking Tall (TV series) Walking Tall is an American television drama series that ran on NBC in 1981 for one season of seven episodes . The first 5 episodes aired Saturday nights at 9:00 p.m. ( opposite the ABC series The Love Boat ) . The last 2 episodes aired Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ( opposite ABC 's Hart to Hart ) . NBC reran all 7 episodes from April -- June 1981 . This one-hour show was a continuation of the 1973 film Walking Tall , which was based on the life of McNairy County Sheriff Buford Pusser . In this series , Pusser is the sheriff of the fictionalized McNeal County , Tennessee , fighting criminals each week in 1969 . Bo Svenson played Pusser , whom he had played before in Walking Tall Part 2 ( 1975 ) and Walking Tall : Final Chapter ( 1977 ) . ( Brian Dennehy played Pusser in A Real American Hero in 1978 on CBS ) . The rest of the cast included : Walter Barnes as Carl Pusser Harold Sylvester as Deputy Aaron Fairfax Courtney Pledger as Deputy Joan Litton Jeff Lester as Deputy Grady Spooner Heather McAdam as Dwanna Pusser Rad Daly as Michael Pusser L.Q. Jones appeared in one segment as John Witter , Pusser 's long-time nemesis . Guest stars included Robert Englund , William Windom , Chuck Connors , Merlin Olsen , Ralph Bellamy , Gail Strickland , James MacArthur , and Art Hindle . The theme song `` Walking Tall '' was sung by Brad Mercer . At the time , Svenson was the highest-paid actor in a television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84065ddcaba169d04315bb8b90c8df6", "text": "Tom De Haven Tom De Haven ( born 1949 ) is an American author , editor , journalist , and writing teacher . His recurring subjects include literary and film noir , the Hollywood studio system and the American comics industry . De Haven is noted for his comics-themed novels , including the Derby Dugan trilogy and It 's Superman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d29c971df00dfcec738c554bc298ac8", "text": "Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel `` Tom '' Courtenay ( -LSB- ˈkɔrtni -RSB- born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway . He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77181021f483343d9b25859b50b232eb", "text": "Welling Welling is a town in the London Borough of Bexley approximately 10.5 miles ( 16.9 km ) east-southeast of Charing Cross , the traditional centre of London . Welling also lies within the historic county of Kent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b237fca326cf5af613323e3eda068d", "text": "Worst Episode Ever `` Worst Episode Ever '' is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' twelfth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 4 , 2001 . In the episode , Bart and Milhouse are banned from The Android 's Dungeon after stopping Comic Book Guy from buying a box of priceless Star Wars memorabilia for $ 5 . However , when Comic Book Guy suffers a massive heart attack after Tom Savini 's show , he hires Bart and Milhouse as his replacements while he leaves his job to make friends . `` Worst Episode Ever '' was written by Larry Doyle and directed by Matthew Nastuk . The series ' staff found it hard to make Comic Book Guy seem likable , since he is usually portrayed as sarcastic and unfriendly . The episode features actor and makeup artist Tom Savini as himself . In its original broadcast , the episode was seen by approximately 10 million viewers , finishing in 27th place in the ratings the week it aired . Since its broadcast , the episode received positive reviews from critics , and Hank Azaria won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Comic Book Guy in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "230a0458ab04e67bc8de1d310865dd30", "text": "Smallville (season 7) Season seven of Smallville , an American television series , began airing on September 27 , 2007 . The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville , Kansas , during the years before he becomes Superman . The seventh season comprises 20 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 15 , 2008 , marking the second season to air on The CW television network . Regular cast members during season seven include Tom Welling , Michael Rosenbaum , Kristin Kreuk , Allison Mack , John Glover , Erica Durance , Aaron Ashmore , and Laura Vandervoort . In addition to bringing in new regular cast members this season , the Smallville team brought in familiar faces from the Superman media history , old villains from the show 's past , as well as new DC Comics characters . This season focuses on Clark Kent meeting his biological cousin Kara ( Vandervoort ) , and teaching her how to control her abilities in public ; Lana Lang 's behavior toward her friends , Lex Luthor , and after it is discovered that she faked her own death ; Chloe coming to terms with her newly discovered kryptonite-induced ability ; and the secret of the Daily Planet 's new editor Grant Gabriel . Towards the end of the season , Clark faces the dual threat from returning villain Brainiac ( James Marsters ) , and Lex 's discovery of his father 's secret society who possess the means to control Clark . The season culminates with a showdown between Lex and Clark at the Fortress of Solitude , wherein the fortress is brought down , setting the series up for the following season . Smallville 's season seven , along with many other American television shows , was caught in the middle of a contract dispute between the Writers Guild of America , East ( WGAE ) , Writers Guild of America , west ( WGAw ) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers ( AMPTP ) . The dispute led to a strike by the writers , which has caused this season to end prematurely with only twenty episodes being produced , instead of the standard twenty-two episodes . The strike also forced The CW to push back airdates on several episodes , and cost Allison Mack her directorial debut . Smallville 's Season seven slipped in the ratings , averaging 3.7 million viewers weekly , and the series ranked as the 175th most-watched television series , out of 220 , for the 2007 -- 08 television year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "931e3528ce60cd9ca3f7b7325bf57035", "text": "Robert J. O'Neill (U.S. Navy SEAL) Robert J. `` Rob '' O'Neill ( born April 10 , 1976 ) is a former United States Navy sailor . A former U.S. Navy SEAL and special warfare operator , O'Neill is best known for claiming to have fired the head shots that killed Osama bin Laden during the raid on his Abbottabad compound on May 1 , 2011 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b51824b35acb1d157391522328417e3", "text": "Robert August Robert August ( born 1945 ) is an American surfer and surfboard shaper . Raised in Seal Beach , California , he attended Huntington Beach High School where he was ASB President his senior year . He is most famous as one of the subjects of Bruce Brown 's 1966 surf documentary The Endless Summer , along with his friend Mike Hynson . The film follows the two around the world pursuing their hobby during the California offseason , meeting other surfers and discussing surf culture . August picked up surfing in the 1950s , when the sport 's popularity had just begun to grow . His father , Blackie August , was also a noted surfer . His enthusiasm and his involvement in The Endless Summer influenced the growth of the sport over the following decades . His surfboards are sold under the Robert August Surfboards brand and are produced by Surftech , a company that manufactures lightweight epoxy surfboards . He continues to travel the world promoting surfing , and in 1994 , he was involved in the filming of The Endless Summer II , in which surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert `` Wingnut '' Weaver retrace the places visited by August and Hynson thirty years earlier . He took part in the film Step into Liquid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21c523d5c21e63e825e6fbd4e3a3e5", "text": "USS O'Hare (DD-889) USS O'Hare ( DD/DDR -889 ) was a of the United States Navy , named for Lieutenant Commander Edward `` Butch '' O'Hare , Medal of Honor recipient , who was shot down at Tarawa on 27 November 1943 . O'Hare was laid down at the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas on 27 January 1945 ; launched on 22 June 1945 , sponsored by Mrs. Selma O'Hare , the mother of Lieutenant Commander O'Hare , and commissioned on 29 November 1945 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96bfb8b7ec117dc147d5ffa5943510ed", "text": "Robert B. Pirie Jr. Robert B. Pirie Jr. ( born September 10 , 1933 ) is a retired United States Navy officer and politician . He was born in San Diego , California . Early in 2001 , Pirie served as Acting Secretary of the Navy until the nomination and confirmation of an appointee by President George W. Bush .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52b597ce06b1c42cf224efb1229ba8ac", "text": "Bob Nimmo Robert Nimmo ( February 5 , 1922 -- November 7 , 2005 ) was an American military officer and politician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf9ec982c421e99725662a460417bee", "text": "Warrant officer A warrant officer ( WO ) is an officer in a military organisation who is designated an officer by a warrant , as distinguished from a commissioned officer who is designated an officer by a commission , and a non-commissioned officer who is designated an officer , often by virtue of seniority . The rank was first used in the 13th century in the ( then ) English Royal Navy and is today used in most services in many countries , including the Commonwealth nations and the United States . Outside the United States , warrant officers are included in the `` Other Ranks '' ( OR ) category , equivalent to the US `` E '' ( Enlisted ) category and rank between non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers . The warrant officers in Commonwealth navies rank between chief petty officer and sub-lieutenant , in Commonwealth air forces between flight sergeant and pilot officer , and in Commonwealth armies between staff sergeant and second-lieutenant . Warrant officers in the United States are classified as officers and are in the `` W '' category ( NATO `` WO '' ) ; they are technical leaders and specialists . Chief warrant officers are commissioned by the President of the United States and take the same oath as regular commissioned officers . They may be technical experts with a long service as enlisted personnel , or direct entrants , notably for U.S. Army helicopter pilots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12799a8e47eb119f31984f506e72211e", "text": "Rob Smith (soccer) Robert `` Rob '' Smith ( born August 20 , 1973 in Wilmington , Delaware ) is a former U.S. soccer player . He spent five seasons with the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer . He was also a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1996 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e55d734c9169eb68cd7b7eec42c5c65", "text": "List of commanding officers of USS Oklahoma (BB-37) USS Oklahoma was a battleship that served in the United States Navy from 2 May 1916 , to 1 September 1944 . The ship capsized and sank during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 , but she was righted in 1943 . While other ships sunk during the Pearl Harbor attack were repaired and returned to service , she was not and never returned to duty . Instead , Oklahoma was stripped of guns and superstructure , and sold for scrap . She sank while under tow to the mainland on 17 May 1947 , 500 mi northeast of Hawaii . When Navy personnel receive orders to take command of a ship in the United States they will receive an order from the Chief of Naval Personnel stating : `` Proceed to the port in which USS -LSB- name of ship -RSB- may be and upon arrival , report to your immediate superior in command , if present , otherwise by message , for duty as commanding officer of USS -LSB- name of ship -RSB- . '' In the 1990 edition of the United States Navy Regulations Article 0807 states that before leaving his command the commanding officer or CO will inspect the ship with the new CO and have the crew perform some sort of drill or exercise , `` unless conditions render it impracticable or inadvisable . '' Also , before the old commanding officer leaves the ship he should turn over all keys to the incoming CO. . Before the CO leaves the ship he is entitled to a say a few words and , according to Naval regulations `` the officer relieved , though without authority after turning over the command , is , until final departure , entitled to all ceremonies and distinctions accorded a commanding officer . '' During her nearly three decades of service , the Oklahoma had 22 commanding officers . The first Captain was Roger Welles , who took command after Oklahoma '' 's commissioning in 1916 , serving over a year . The longest serving commanding officer was John D. Wainwright , who served over for over two years in the position , from 13 May 1930 -- 25 June 1932 . Oklahoma '' s last commanding officer was Howard D. Bode , although he was not on board when the battleship was sunk at Pearl Harbor . When the Japanese attacked , Bode was on the USS Maryland and Commander Jesse L. Kenworthy Jr. , acting as the ship 's captain , gave the order to abandon ship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "143c87815bc6a523056ec6181ee38be3", "text": "United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941 -- 45 , and played the central role in the war against Japan , and ( after the British Royal Navy ) a major role in the European war against Germany and Italy . The U.S. Navy grew into a formidable force in the years prior to World War II , with battleship production being restarted in 1937 , commencing with the . It was able to add to its fleets during the early years of the war while the US was still neutral , increasing production of vessels both large and small , deploying a navy of nearly 350 major combatant ships by December 1941 and having an equal number under construction . The Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) sought naval superiority in the Pacific by sinking the main American battle fleet at Pearl Harbor , which was built around its battleships . The December 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor did knock out the battle fleet , but it did not touch the aircraft carriers , which became the mainstay of the rebuilt fleet . Naval doctrine had to be changed overnight . The United States Navy ( like the IJN ) had followed Alfred Thayer Mahan 's emphasis on concentrated groups of battleships as the main offensive naval weapons . The loss of the battleships at Pearl Harbor forced Admiral Ernest J. King , the head of the Navy , to place primary emphasis on the small number of aircraft carriers . The U.S. Navy grew tremendously as the United States was faced with a two-front war on the seas . It achieved notable acclaim in the Pacific Theater , where it was instrumental to the Allies ' successful `` island hopping '' campaign . The U.S. Navy fought six great battles with the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) : the Attack on Pearl Harbor , Battle of the Coral Sea , the Battle of Midway , the Battle of the Philippine Sea , the Battle of Leyte Gulf , and the Battle of Okinawa . By war 's end in 1945 , the United States Navy had added nearly 1,200 major combatant ships , including 27 aircraft carriers and 8 battleships , and had over 70 % of the world 's total numbers and total tonnage of naval vessels of 1,000 tons or greater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "815998fdb010ccfffe13605bc1e81d40", "text": "Robert C. Seamans (ship) SSV Robert C. Seamans is a 134-foot steel sailing brigantine operated by the Sea Education Association ( SEA ) for oceanographic research and sail training ; designed by Laurent Giles , she is named for former Secretary of the Air Force and NASA Deputy Administrator , Robert Channing Seamans , a former Chairman and Trustee of SEA 's board . She is equipped with hydrographic winches , bathymetric equipment , biological and geological sampling equipment , a wet/dry laboratory , and a computer laboratory . She has a sister ship , the Corwith Cramer . The Robert C. Seamans runs an undergraduate academic study abroad program , with intensive research in oceanography , maritime studies , and nautical science with hands-on experience aboard a traditional sailing ship . She is based in the Pacific Ocean and typically sails between San Diego , California ; Honolulu , Hawaii ; Tahiti ; and San Francisco , California . She is powered by a 3408 Caterpillar ( 455 HP ) Marine Diesel Engine and two 40 kW Northern Lights Generators that provide 3 phase power .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e4994828bd88a08118fcefff87a97a3", "text": "Eric O'Neill Eric Michael O'Neill ( born March 3 , 1973 ) is an American former FBI counter-terrorism and counterintelligence operative . He worked and was entitled as an Investigative Specialist with the Special Surveillance Group ( SSG ) and played a major role in the arrest , conviction , and life imprisonment of FBI agent Robert Hanssen for spying on behalf of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation . He is a public speaker and security expert who currently lectures internationally about espionage and national security , cybersecurity , fraud , corporate diligence and defense , hacking , pursuing dreams and surviving Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dcbae9e260eb26d7a329cd048de961b", "text": "Robert A. Duin Robert A. Duin ( September 27 , 1924 - June 24 , 2016 ) was a former rear admiral in the United States Coast Guard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b030625ace62dc5ad4f73b126e96f7eb", "text": "John Forbes (sailor) John Forbes ( born 29 January 1970 ) is an Australian sailor . He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder . John Forbes was introduced to catamaran sailing on an international level at the age of 12 . He and father Bob went to the USA to compete in the 1982 Nacra 5.2 North American Championships where they placed fourth . The following year John and Bob attended the inaugural Nacra 5.2 World Championship where they came second , and John then travelled to Monterey Bay where , with fellow Australian David Renouf , they finished 4th place in the Nacra 5.8 North American Championship . After this `` deep-end dunking '' as a crew John took over the helm of various types of catamarans and with brother Rod on a Nacra 5.2 won the 1985 Australian Combined High Schools Championship outright , winning a couple of the races in the series on handicap/yardstick as well as outright . John , with Rod as crew , also came 3rd in the 1985 Nacra NSW State Championship , 1st in the 1986 Nacra NSW State Championship , 2nd in the Prindle 18 National Championship and 4th in the Nacra Australian Championship . John 's first introduction to the International Tornado Class was at the 1986/87 Australian Championship in Perth where , whilst only 16 he helmed his first Tornado catamaran and placed 10th amongst a star-studded fleet including Multi Olympic Gold Medallist Poul Elvstrom , `` the Great Dane '' . John 's youthful success and versatility , together with his accumulated competitive experience on different sized catamarans , resulted in him being approached by 1984 Olympic Bronze Medallist Chris Cairns , who asked John to sail with him . Together they won the 1987 Kiel Week Regatta followed by a second place in the 1987 Tornado Class World Championship . In 1989 John teamed up with Hobie legend Rod Waterhouse to win the Australian Tornado Championship with a perfect score winning all 8 heats . Rod Waterhouse 's inability to travel overseas in 1989 led John to join up with longtime sailing rival Mitch Booth , and together they won the 1989 World Championship ( Houston , Texas ) by an astounding 36 points from their good friend Giorgio Zuccoli from Italy . They also won the 1990 and 1991 Australian Tornado Championships . A role reversal in 1991 saw John again taking over the helm to win the inaugural Nacra 5.8 World Championship ( Harvey Bay , Queensland ) . Mitch and John 's credits also include winning the ` 92 , ` 93 & ` 94 Tornado Australian Championships and in 1992 they won their second Tornado World Championship ( Perth , Australia ) . Gold and Silver medals were also won in the 1990 and 1991 Barcelona Pre-Olympic Games respectively , and the pair were rewarded when they won a Bronze Medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games . As a result , they were jointly awarded the prestigious New South Wales Yachtsman of the Year trophy in November 1991 and again in 1992 . As a final toast they were honoured , again jointly , with the distinguished award - as 1992 Ampol Australian Yachtsman of the Year . A creditable second place was scored at the 1993 Tornado World Championship ( Long Beach , USA ) and was followed up by a third place at the 1994 World Championship ( Bastard , Sweden ) . A twelve-year relationship with the Tornado Class has also seen John give back an enormous amount of personal time and effort to both the Australian International Tornado Association ( AITA ) and the International Tornado Association ( ITA ) . He was elected President of the AITA in 1994 taking over the reigns from Dr Peter Blaxland who had been President for the past 20 years . John 's significant contributions to the Class both nationally and internationally led him to be re-elected again in 1996 . At the ITA AGM in Canada in August , 1995 John was also elected as President of the ITA in charge of International and Olympic affairs and was also responsible for the election of the new younger and pro ¬ active Technical Committee of the ITA . January 1995 saw a major change to John 's Olympic Tornado Campaign with the much publicised break-up with partner Mitch Booth . John teamed up with his main competitor and longtime catamaran sailor Darren Bundock who had impressed Forbes during his 1992 Olympic Games Campaign . Together they established a successful two-boat training campaign as part of their lead-up to the 1996 Selection Regattas . Their successes stream-rolled by winning both the Sail Sydney Regatta and the NSW State Titles . An outstanding result at the Pre-Olympic Regatta in Atlanta saw the pair place 4th . One week later they followed up at the 1995 Worlds in Kingston , Canada with a final placing of 14th ( 8th Nation ) . Not bad considering on the second day of racing they were cut in half by an Austrian Team and were forced to miss both heats 2 & 3 of the series as their hull was beyond repair . January 1996 saw Forbes and Bundock win the Australian Championship by a clear 10 points from a star-studded International fleet in preparation for the 1996 World Championships . At the 1996 World Championship ( Mooloolaba , Australia ) , Forbes and Bundock finished a brilliant third overall . With the Olympic Selections up for grabs these two sailors believed they had proven beyond doubt that they were at the elite level required to bring home a Gold Medal from Atlanta . However , as a result of the Australian Yachting Federation changing the AOC endorsed Olympic Selection Criteria after the first of the two Olympic Selection Regattas had been completed , John and Darren were denied selection to the Australian Olympic Team and forced to set their sights on Sydney 2000 . Determined by the disappointment of denial of Olympic Selection , John and Darren kept the momentum of their Olympic campaign with training partner Andrew Macpherson . John and Darren dominated the Australian Tornado Regatta circuit and won the 1996 NSW and QLD State Championships . 1997 saw John and Darren top the Australian Yachting circuit by defending their National title crown in Perth , winning the International Sail Melbourne , Go for Gold regatta and placing second in the Sail Sydney regatta . John and Darren placed best Australian in both the 1997 NSW State Titles ( 3rd overall ) and the Australian International Regatta , Sydney ( 2nd overall ) , a 5th place ( 3rd Nation ) at the 1997 World Championship in Bermuda and then topped off the year by winning the 1997 Sydney International Regatta . 1998 started off with John and Darren winning their third Australian Championship in a row . In May and June they went off to Europe to place third at both the European Championships in Greece and the Kiel Week event in Germany as well as winning the Danish Spring Cup and placing the best Australian in the Dutch Spa Regatta . In September , John and Darren sailed away with the GOLD at the Sydney Harbour Regatta , organized by SOCOG as the first ever Sydney 2000 Olympic Test event . In November John and Darren achieved their greatest feat to date winning both the South American Championship and the 1998 World Championship ( Buzios , Brazil ) . They never looked back , winning the World Championship by an incredible 18 points from longtime training partners Roland Gaebler and Rene Schwall ( Germany ) . This win made John the first ever Tornado sailor to win three world championships . Since 1967 there were eight sailors who had previously won two world championships but 31 years after the inaugural event Forbes became the first person to make it three wins . John and Darren started off 1999 the way they left 1998 by winning Sail Melbourne which was represented by six nations . February saw the pair cross the Tasman to dominate the Sail Auckland regatta . By the end of 1999 they had finished a four-month European campaign and captured the Number 1 spot on the prestigious ISAF O'Neill World Rankings after winning the Princess Sofia Trophy ( Spain ) , the European Championship ( Spain ) , Kiel Week ( Germany ) and placing 3rd in Hyeres and 4th at the World Championships in Copenhagen , Denmark . By the end of January 2000 they were selected into the Olympic Team to represent Australia in their hometown Sydney 2000 Olympic Games where they won the Silver medal . The Gold medal was won by Roman Hagara and Hans Peter Steinacher from Austria with it being Austria 's first ever Gold medal at the summer Olympics . Their achievements after Sydney 2000 continued with Bundock and Forbes clean streaking the 2001 Tornado regatta program by winning the World Championship in Richards Bay , South Africa in February and their second European Championship in Silvaplana , Switzerland in August . They also won the 2001/02 Australian Championship for the fourth time together ( Forbes ' 10th time ) and the 2002 NSW State Titles . Awards and rewards were also forthcoming . On 11 December 2001 Darren and John were one of five finalists for the NSW Institute of Sports `` Athlete of the Year '' . Other finalists included ( first ever female ) World Rowing Champions Vicky Roberts and Julia Wilson , Triathlete Peter Robertson , Louise Savage from wheelchair track and road and swimmer ( and winner ) Ian Thorpe . On 17 December 2001 John was inducted into the Sydney Northern Beaches Hall of Fame alongside other famous sporting personalities including surfing 's Tom Carrol , Netball 's Anne Sargeant and Swimming 's John Devitt . On 27 February 2002 Darren and John were awarded the Australian Institute of Sport top `` Athlete/Team of the Year '' . This was then followed by Darren and John being awarded the `` 2001/02 BEA Australian Sailor of the Year '' award at Darling Harbour on 8 June 2002 . Darren & John were ecstatic with this announcement having previously been finalist in 1999 and 2000 and it being ten years since John previously won the award after his 1992 World Championship and 1992 Barcelona Bronze Medal haul . Darren and John continued their success in 2003 winning the three biggest and most important Tornado Regattas of the year being the 2003 European Championship ( Gran Canaries ) , the 2003 Athens Test Event ( Pre-Olympics ) and the 2003 World Championship ( Cadiz , Spain - 72 boats from 26 nations ) . The win for Darren and John put them again in the record books as it was John 's incredible sixth Tornado World Championship Title ( 1989,92,98,01,02,03 ) and Darren 's fourth ( 98,01,02,03 ) . Forbes equalled that of Brazilian sailor Robert Schiedt who had recently won six Laser dinghy class World Titles . Combine all of that with winning the 2003 Sail Melbourne regatta in January and the pair were selected to represent Australia at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and were earmarked by many as being the Gold medal favourites . As a result of the successes both in 2002 and 2003 Darren and John also received the following accolades : Australian Institute of Sport -- Team of the Year . Australian Yachting Federation -- Male Sailors of the Year . NSW Yachting Association -- Male Sailors of the Year . NSW Institute of Sport -- Team Athletes of the Year . International Sailing Federation -- Rolex World Sailor of the Year - finalist . Whilst the Greek wind Gods did n't show up on time for the Tornado event in Athens , John and Darren still finished a credible 6th place overall and , after three Olympic Games and 18 years at World and Olympic level sailing , Forbes announced his retirement from the sport due to family commitments with his wife Caroline and two daughters Teigan and Bronte . Darren Bundock continued sailing Tornado catamarans and , with Glenn Ashby as Forbes ' replacement , they went on to win a further world championship and the Silver medal at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games . Both Darren and Glenn then joined the highly spectacular and successful 2013 America 's Cup teams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0acf6a57a9d96d727c7e84f33ce93ce", "text": "Robert B. Anderson Robert Bernard Anderson ( June 4 , 1910 August 14 , 1989 ) was an American administrator and businessman . He served as the Secretary of the Navy between February 1953 and March 1954 . He also served as the Secretary of the Treasury from 1957 until 1961 , and was one of President Eisenhower 's closest confidants . Two years before his death from cancer , he was disbarred for illegal banking operations and tax evasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74c34aa4163e884ea02dbbe877b5611", "text": "Bill Robinson (author) William Wheeler `` Bill '' Robinson ( October 4 , 1918 -- April 3 , 2007 ) was an American sailor , author and editor well known in the national and international sailing community for his 27 nautical books , speaking engagements , and contributions to nautical publications . Robinson was born in Elizabeth , New Jersey , and attended Princeton University from 1935 to 1939 , graduating with a degree in English . He received a commission in the United States Naval Reserve in 1941 and served as an officer until 1945 . He commanded a 110-foot wooden Navy subchaser - hull number SC 743 - in the Pacific theater during World War II - serving honorably in troop and ship convoys and in the invasions of Arawe , New Britain and Hollandia . LTjg Robinson was awarded the Bronze Star ( with gold star denoting a second award ) for his command 's performance under air attack . He was a sportswriter at the Newark Evening News ( 1947 -- 1955 ) and then the Newark Star Ledger ( 1955 -- 1957 ) following his return to civilian life . He developed a nationally syndicated boating column while at the Star Ledger . Robinson was an associate editor of Yachting magazine from 1957 to 1967 and executive editor from 1967 to 1978 . He served as an editor-at-large for Yachting from 1978 to 1986 , when the publisher was sold . He then served as an editor-at-large for the competing Cruising World magazine from 1987 to 1996 . Throughout his career and his retirement Robinson traveled extensively as a writer , sailing cruiser and racer . He wrote sailing and nautical-themed books and contributed articles to numerous professional journals . He served as a speaker and featured guest on cruises and at sailing events worldwide . With his late wife , Jane Dimock Robinson ( deceased 1997 ) , he lived in Rumson , New Jersey from 1946 to 2002 and maintained a boat and winter residence in Tortola , British Virgin Islands throughout his retirement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7181ca701d4ff847752de8e5dae8de79", "text": "Navy Commendation Star The Navy Commendation Star or Navy Letter of Commendation Star was a Department of the Navy personal military decoration issued as ribbon device which was authorized in 1918 to be `` placed '' on the World War I Victory Medal . A inch silver star was issued to any service member of the Navy and Marine Corps who had been cited and commended by the Secretary of the Navy for performance of duty . Among the recipients of the Commendation Star was future Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz . The Navy Commendation Star was placed on the suspension and service ribbon of the World War I Victory Medal , above all battle clasps . When the star was worn on the medal 's service ribbon , the star was placed before all bronze service stars . The Navy Commendation Star was identical to the United States Army Citation Star which also was a inch silver star worn on the World War I Victory Medal to denote a soldier ( or a Marine or Navy corpsman attached to the Second Division ) , was cited for gallantry in action and awarded a citation . Unlike the Citation Star , however , the Navy Commendation Star could not be converted to the Silver Star Medal ( 1932 ) . At the start of the Second World War , the Navy Commendation Star was declared obsolete and none were issued between 1941 and 1945 . In the 1950s , the Department of the Navy began accepting applications from eligible World War I veterans authorized a Navy Commendation Star for conversion to the Navy Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant , and in 1960 , to the Navy Commendation Medal . In 1994 , an authorized Navy Commendation Star could be exchanged for the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228ff30b1e2e14694093ce5ba85e2071", "text": "Rob D'Alton Robert Gordon `` Rob '' D'Alton ( born 22 February 1923 , date of death unknown ) was an Irish sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics . He weighed 150 lbs . ( 68 kg )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b96259691b0c17d657f7f5c02b24eed4", "text": "Joseph R. Odum Joseph R. Odum ( 1913 -- 1942 ) was a United States Navy sailor who received the Silver Star posthumously for his actions in combat during World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dc7de31d644fd18b92df40d53614cab", "text": "John Douglas Woodward (athlete) John Douglas `` Doug '' Woodward ( born 14 March 1925 ) , also known as Douglas Woodward , is a Canadian former sailor who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62e31d6ed8dcd70e02a625082c79dde5", "text": "O visa An O visa is a classification of non-immigrant temporary worker visa granted by the United States to an alien `` who possesses extraordinary ability in the sciences , arts , education , business , or athletics , or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievements , '' and to certain assistants and immediate family members of such aliens . According to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services , there are three types of O visas : O-1A -- individuals with an extraordinary ability in the sciences , education , business , or athletics ( not including the arts , motion pictures or television industry ) O-1B -- individuals with an extraordinary ability in the arts or extraordinary achievement in motion picture or television industry . O-2 -- individuals who will accompany an O-1 , artist or athlete , to assist in a specific event or performance . `` For an O-1A , the O-2 's assistance must be an ` integral part ' of the O-1A 's activity . For an O-1B , the O-2 's assistance must be ` essential ' to the completion of the O-1B 's production . The O-2 worker has critical skills and experience with the O-1 that can not be readily performed by a U.S. worker and which are essential to the successful performance of the O-1 . '' O-3 -- individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1s and O-2s . An O-1 visa is initially granted for up to three years . Subsequently , it can be extended for one year at a time . There is no limit to the number of extensions that may be granted . The term `` O-1 '' refers to ( O ) ( i ) , added by section 207 ( a ) of the Immigration Act of 1990 , which provides for the admission of `` aliens of extraordinary ability '' in the stated fields . Spouses and dependent children of O-1 visa holders do not receive the status , but instead qualify for O-3 visas . The O-1 visa legislation was drafted in 1990 by former Connecticut congressman Bruce Morrison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79ae0f85f8d554f4502422c257278f6", "text": "Officer Qualification Record The Officer Qualification Record ( OQR ) , NAVMC 123a , is one of the best sources of information concerning US Marine officers . It is similar to the enlisted Service Record Book ( SRB ) with only minor differences . This `` record presents a cumulative and concise summary of basic events in the officer 's career from the time of acceptance of appointment to separation . The OQR also serves as the basis for reporting information into the Marine Corps Total Force System and provides commanders with background information to assist them in officer personnel planning and assignment . '' An officer 's OQR contains , at a minimum , his NAVMC 763 ( Appointment Acceptance ) ( essentially the officer version of a contract ) , NAVMC 118 ( 3 ) ( Chronological Record ) , NAVMC 118 ( 11 ) ( Administrative Remarks ) , Record of Emergency Data ( RED ) , and Servicemembers Group Life Insurance ( SGLI ) Beneficiary Election Form . In addition to this , if the officer is a `` mustang '' , prior enlisted , his enlistment contract ( s ) , and DD Form 214 . A NAVMC 10922 ( Dependency Affidavit ) is also included for married officers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1c963fde4c1e6657601d8ebab2207ea3", "text": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System The Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( officially abbreviated the Super NES or SNES , and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo ) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea , 1991 in North America , 1992 in Europe and Australasia ( Oceania ) , and 1993 in South America . In Japan , the system is called the , or SFC for short . In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy ( 슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi ) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another . It was released in Brazil on September 2 , 1992 , by Playtronic . The SNES is Nintendo 's second home console , following the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time . The development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated in game cartridges helped to keep it competitive in the marketplace . The SNES was a global success , becoming the best-selling console of the 16-bit era despite its relatively late start and the fierce competition it faced in North America and Europe from Sega 's Genesis/Mega Drive console . The SNES remained popular well into the 32-bit era , and continues to be popular among fans , collectors , retro gamers , and emulation enthusiasts , some of whom still make homebrew ROM images .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ed35a2f5fd138103d423e6c63dc4d8", "text": "Nintendo Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto , Japan . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . The word Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as `` leave luck to heaven '' . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $ 85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball 's Seattle Mariners . , Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units . The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1bdd2716f5762568c3a494347a5a7906", "text": "Acquire (company) is a video game developer based in Japan , mainly known for their Tenchu and Way of the Samurai series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1327fe93826c5aafc9d603d098641378", "text": "Chief Secretary, Singapore The Chief Secretary , Singapore , known as the Colonial Secretary , Singapore , before 1955 , and the Colonial Secretary , Straits Settlements , before 1946 , was a high ranking government civil position in colonial Singapore ( the Straits Settlements before 1946 ) between 1867 and 1959 . It was second only to the Governor of Singapore ( formerly the Governor of the Straits Settlements ) in the colonial government . The Straits Settlements , which mainly comprised Singapore , Penang and Malacca , became a crown colony in 1867 . The position of the Colonial Secretary ( CS ) was subsequently created with a view to replacing the Resident Councillor in Singapore . During the Second World War , the position was vacant and suspended following the downfall of the Malay Peninsula into the hands of the Japanese invaders . In 1946 , Singapore parted from Penang and Malacca , forming itself into a crown colony , so the jurisdiction of CS was reduced to Singapore only . The name `` Colonial Secretary '' was later changed to `` Chief Secretary '' in 1955 when the crown colony adopted the Rendel Constitution . Having been in existence for 92 years , the position was abolished in 1959 with the complete introduction of internal self-rule for Singapore . Being the head of the CS 's Office , the CS was an ex-officio member of both the Executive and Legislative Councils , and at the same time the head of the Colonial Secretariat from 1867 to 1955 . When Singapore adopted its new constitution in 1955 , although the Colonial Secretariat was abolished , the CS remained an ex-officio member of the Council of Ministers and the Legislative Assembly . The workplace of CS was located at Empress Place Building while Sri Temasek , which was next to the Government House ( Istana ) , was the official residence of the CS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db4ba2166cd5712bd799344e14883f29", "text": "Super Smash Bros. Super Smash Bros. is a series of crossover fighting games published by Nintendo , that primarily features characters from franchises established on its systems . All five games have been directed by Masahiro Sakurai . The gameplay objective differs from that of traditional fighters by aiming to knock opponents off of the stage instead of depleting life bars . The original Super Smash Bros. , released in 1999 for the Nintendo 64 , had a small budget and was originally a Japan-only release , but its domestic success led to a worldwide release . The series achieved even greater success with the release of Super Smash Bros. . Melee , which was released in 2001 for the GameCube and became the best-selling game on that system . A third installment , Super Smash Bros. . Brawl , was released in 2008 for the Wii . Although HAL Laboratory has been the developer of the first two titles , the third game was developed through the collaboration of several companies . The fourth and fifth installments , Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U , were released in 2014 for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U , respectively . The 3DS installment was the first series title to be released on a handheld platform . The series features many characters from Nintendo 's most popular franchises , including Mario , Fox McCloud , Link , Kirby , Samus Aran and Pikachu . The original Super Smash Bros. had 12 playable characters , and the roster count has risen to 26 characters in Melee , 39 in Brawl , and 58 in 3DS/Wii U ( seven of which are downloadable ) . Some characters are able to transform into different forms that have different styles of play and sets of moves . The games also feature non-playable Nintendo characters , like Ridley and Petey Piranha . In Brawl , two third-party characters were added , Solid Snake and Sonic the Hedgehog . Additional third-party characters Mega Man , Pac-Man , Ryu , Cloud Strife and Bayonetta appeared in 3DS and Wii U , while Solid Snake was removed from the line-up . Every title in the series has been well received by critics , with much praise given to the multiplayer mode experience . The Super Smash Bros. games have spawned a large competitive community and have been featured in several high-profile gaming tournaments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd3a6f1559616d1082fc3f2c4b65935", "text": "Tetris Attack Tetris Attack is a 1995 puzzle video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy . It is the first game in the Puzzle League series . While it was originally known in Japan as Panel de Pon ( パネルでポン Paneru de Pon ) for the Super Famicom and featured different art assets and characters , its English localization was replaced with characters from Super Mario World 2 : Yoshi 's Island . It was released on the Game Boy under the same name . The Game Boy release of the Yoshi version was also later released in Japan . On November 3 , 1996 , a version was released for the Super Famicom 's Satellaview satellite modem service as . This game is similar to the Baku Baku Animal , developed by Sega in 1995 . Despite using the Tetris name , this game has no resemblance to its Russian namesake . This has led Henk Rogers of The Tetris Company to say that he regrets granting permission to Nintendo to use the name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b592626195c1ab72707f414f9b3f83c9", "text": "Kirby Super Star Kirby Super Star , known as Kirby 's Fun Pak in Europe and in Japan , is a 1996 platforming video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game console . It was first released in Japan on March 21 , 1996 , in North America on September 20 , 1996 , and in Europe on January 23 , 1997 . Kirby Super Stars box art states that the game features eight games in one cartridge . Most of these games are platforming-oriented , while some are mini-games . The game was later released for the Wii Virtual Console in Japan in October 2009 and in North America and Europe in May 2010 while the Wii U Virtual Console version was released in Japan on May 1 , 2013 and in North America and Europe on May 23 , 2013 , although the Wii U Europe users get the North American version instead . An enhanced remake titled Kirby Super Star Ultra '' '' ' was released for the Nintendo DS in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9234fd1164200cc25582860657536ec8", "text": "International Games System International Games System ( IGS ; ) is a company based in Taiwan which develops video game software for arcade cabinets and home computers . It was founded in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00580fb664d3dcad79535d0d8e73692d", "text": "Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME . The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia . In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. . The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3029cb0c9a3fc2637d551e9b12e2c9b6", "text": "TurboGrafx-16 The TurboGrafx-16 Entertainment SuperSystem , known in Japan and France as the , is a home video game console jointly developed by Hudson Soft and NEC Home Electronics , released in Japan on October 30 , 1987 and in the United States on August 29 , 1989 . It also had a limited release in the United Kingdom and Spain in 1990 , known as simply TurboGrafx and based on the American model , whilst the Japanese model was imported and distributed in France in 1989 . It was the first console released in the 16-bit era , albeit still utilizing an 8-bit CPU . Originally intended to compete with the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) , it ended up competing with the Sega Genesis , and later on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) . The TurboGrafx-16 has an 8-bit CPU , a 16-bit video color encoder , and a 16-bit video display controller . The GPUs are capable of displaying 482 colors simultaneously , out of 512 . With dimensions of just 14 cm × 14 cm × 3.8 cm ( 5.5 in × 5.5 in × 1.5 in ) , the Japanese PC Engine is the smallest major home game console ever made . Games were stored on a HuCard cartridge , or in CD-ROM optical format with the TurboGrafx-CD add-on . The TurboGrafx-16 failed to break into the North American market and sold poorly , which has been blamed on inferior marketing . However in Japan the PC Engine was very successful , where it gained strong third-party support and outsold the Famicom at its 1987 debut , eventually becoming the Super Famicom 's main rival . Lots of revisions - at least 17 distinct models - were made , such as portable versions and a CD-ROM add-on . A short lived successor , PC Engine SuperGrafx , failed to break through and was quickly discontinued . The entire series was succeeded by the PC-FX in 1994 , only released in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b48886f133584976b01e2a67b03161b6", "text": "Tatsumi Kimishima is a Japanese businessman , who is the fifth and current president of Nintendo . He was formerly the president of Nintendo of America from January 2002 , succeeding Minoru Arakawa , until Reggie Fils-Aimé took his place in May 2006 . He was promoted to Managing Director of Nintendo on April 2013 . In September 2015 , he was named the fifth President of Nintendo , succeeding Satoru Iwata , who died in July 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8deca531cc0f6ca91697515409ff19c9", "text": "ALL.Net ALL.Net ( Amusement Linkage Live Network ) is an arcade video game network communication system and digital distribution system made by Sega Corporation . It is similar to the Taito NESiCAxLive game distribution systems and NESYS arcade network ; the player smart card system is similar to the Konami e-AMUSEMENT system . The ALL.Net service consists of over 60 games mainly from Sega and Bandai Namco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ba3608541ab5eef02e4f95361138db", "text": "Intelligent Systems is a Japanese video game developer closely affiliated with Nintendo and best known for developing the Fire Emblem , Wars , and Paper Mario series . Originally , the company was headquartered at the Nintendo Kyoto Research Center in Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto , but later moved to a building near Nintendo 's main headquarters in October 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6006b73ac9bfecbd14db0ec8c924b278", "text": "Analogue Nt The Analogue Nt is an aftermarket Nintendo Entertainment System and Famicom designed and manufactured by Seattle based company Analogue , Inc. . Designed around the original Nintendo CPU and PPU , the Analogue Nt is the only aftermarket NES and Famicom system that is not designed using emulation , since it uses the original Nintendo CPU and PPU . The goal of the system was to build a perfect , no-compromises aftermarket NES and Famicom . The default model was released with RGB ( RGB , Component , S-Video and Composite ) video outputs only , with an additional `` add-on '' for 1080p HDMI output and a plethora of other digital features . The Analogue Nt 's enclosure is solid aluminum unibody enclosure manufactured from 6061 aluminum . After sellout of the original Analogue Nt , Analogue announced the Analogue Nt mini , which is 20 % smaller than the original . The mini includes RGB & HDMI outputs but , according to Analogue 's website , does n't use the original Nintendo CPU & PPU : `` The core functionality of the original NES is engineered directly into an Altera Cyclone V , a sophisticated FPGA . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f226cb3fab462a0bc6d4425efe2a280", "text": "Odex Odex Pte. Ltd. is a Singapore-based company that licenses and releases anime for local and regional Southeast Asian consumption . Odex was established in 1987 and set up its Anime Distribution department in 2000 , selling anime in Singapore . It works with Japanese licensors such as Sunrise Inc. , TV Tokyo , Yomiuri TV , D-Rights , TMS , Showgate Inc and Aniplex Inc. . Odex also sells programs to television stations in Singapore , Malaysia , Indonesia , such as TV3 , NTV7 , Astro , MediaCorp TV and StarHub TV . Other than licensing , Odex also does English dubbing , translation and subtitling for other companies . Odex also deals in anime merchandise sales . Odex is most well known for taking legal action in 2007-2008 against home users who were allegedly downloading copyrighted anime videos from the Internet . The actions received extensive press and blog coverage , especially as they roughly coincided with similar attempts in the United States by the music industry RIAA to enforce against file sharing by home users . Issues of intellectual property , copyright protections , privacy and freedom of speech underlie these events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a2434522d2853d1463717ed0dbbdeaf", "text": "NTSC-C NTSC-C is a regional lockout created in 2003 by Sony Computer Entertainment for the official launch of its PlayStation 2 gaming system into the mainland Chinese market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ea2dcd1d3a8d3553625ec452339c66c", "text": "Group SNE Group SNE is a Japanese company founded in 1986 by the current president Hitoshi Yasuda , which produces role-playing games , light novels , board games and card games . Ryo Mizuno was one of the founding members . Group SNE is named after Syntax Error , the programming language BASIC 's term . The most famous product of Group SNE is Record of Lodoss War well known for a fantasy anime adaptation . Moreover , there are several anime adaptations based upon Group SNE 's products such as '' Legend of Crystania , Mon Colle Knights and Rune Soldier . Group SNE 's products are published by several publishers including Fujimi Shobo , Shinkigensha , JIVE , Enterbrain and Hobby Base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3903f4f6b649b2637a5b00651bc294ec", "text": "Neo Geo , stylised as NEO ・ GEO , also written as NEOGEO , is a family of video game hardware developed by SNK . On the market from 1990 to 2004 , the brand originated with the release of an arcade system , the Neo Geo MVS and its home console counterpart , the Neo Geo AES . Both the arcade system and console were powerful for the time and the AES allows for perfect compatibility of games released for the MVS . However , the high price point for both the AES console and its games prevented it from directly competing with its contemporaries , the Sega Mega Drive ( Genesis ) , Super NES ( Super Famicom ) , and Turbo-Grafx 16 ( PC Engine ) . However the MVS arcade became very successful in stores in Japan and North America . Years later , SNK would release the Neo Geo CD , a more cost effective console with games released on compact discs . The console was met with limited success , due in part to its slow CD-ROM drive . In an attempt to compete with increasingly popular 3D games , SNK released the Hyper Neo Geo 64 arcade system in 1997 as the successor to its aging MVS . The system did not fare well and only a few games were released for it . A planned home console based on the hardware was never released . SNK later extended the brand by releasing two handheld consoles , the Neo Geo Pocket , and later Neo Geo Pocket Color , which briefly competed with Nintendo 's Game Boy . Soon after their release , SNK encountered various legal and financial issues - however the original Neo Geo MVS and AES continued getting new games under new ownership until officially being discontinued in 2004 , ending the brand . Regardless of the failure of later Neo Geo hardware , games for the original MVS and AES have been well received . The system spawned several long-running and critically acclaimed series , mostly 2D fighters , including Fatal Fury , Art of Fighting , Samurai Shodown and The King of Fighters , as well as popular games in other genres such as the Metal Slug and Baseball Stars series . In December 2012 , SNK Playmore released a handheld console based on the original AES , the Neo Geo X . As of March 1997 , the Neo Geo had sold 980,000 units worldwide . The Neo Geo Pocket Color also has been given praise for multiple innovations , and a very substantial library , despite its short life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833dd2dc00f9a6c25e0426fe51323582", "text": "Geography of Singapore Singapore is a small , heavily urbanised , island city-state in Southeast Asia , located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia . Singapore has a total land area of 719.1 km2 . The Singapore area comprises mainland and other islands . The mainland of Singapore measures 50 km from east to west and 27 km from north to south with 193 km of coastline . These figures are based on 2.515 m High Water Mark cadastral survey boundaries . Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4779218e8a893af818a35fb20d790", "text": "Kemco ( abbreviated from original title Kotobuki Engineering & Manufacturing Co. , Ltd. ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher established in 1984 as a subsidiary of Kotobuki Engineering & Manufacturing Co. , Ltd. , located in Seika , Kyoto , Japan . Kemco was one of the original Nintendo licensees and began to manufacture games for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985 . In 2001 Kemco U.S.A , Inc. was founded as a wholly owned subsidiary of Kemco of Japan , especially targeting the North American and PAL Region markets . One of their best known franchises is the Top Gear series , developed by Sheffield-based English developers Gremlin Graphics . They are also known for their ports of the MacVenture adventure games to Nintendo consoles . In the 2010s , they are primarily known for their RPGs for the Android and iOS operating systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb24fe0821e04f175c13f84503ce3be0", "text": "Satellaview The is a satellite modem peripheral for Nintendo 's Super Famicom system that was released in Japan in 1995 . Available for pre-release orders beginning February 13 , 1995 , the Satellaview retailed for between ¥ 14,000 and 18,000 ( at the time between USD$ 141 and 182 ) and came bundled with the BS-X Game Pak and an 8M Memory Pak . The Satellaview system was developed and released by Nintendo to receive signals broadcast from satellite TV station WOWOW 's satellite radio subsidiary , St.GIGA . St.GIGA was responsible for file server management , maintenance , and vocalization for `` SoundLink '' games . Nintendo data broadcasts were given a fixed time slot known as the during which scrambled Satellaview-related data was streamed via radio waves to be unscrambled by St.GIGA 's . As a subscription-based station for ambient and New Age music , St.GIGA listeners were already equipped with `` BS tuners '' prior to St.GIGA 's contract with Nintendo . Satellaview owners who lacked a `` BS tuner '' had to purchase one separately from St.GIGA at a price of ¥ 33,000 , as well as sign up for Nintendo 's and St.GIGA 's monthly joint membership fees . Alternatively , users could rent `` BS tuners '' from St.GIGA for a 6-month period at a price of ¥ 5,400 . Even at this premium price , St.GIGA reported subscriptions peaking at 116,378 households by March 1997 , and dropping to around 46,000 by June 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91b4be7c2499cdb1abd48bd325f879a", "text": "Japanese occupation of Singapore The Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War II took place from 1942 to 1945 , following the fall of the British colony on 15 February 1942 . Military forces of the Empire of Japan occupied it after defeating the combined British , Indian , Australian , and Malayan garrison in the Battle of Singapore . The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations , including those of Japan , Britain , and the then-colonial state of Singapore . Singapore was renamed , meaning `` Light of the South '' . Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945 , following the formal signing of the surrender instrument at the Municipal Building .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19c66e3fef40cdccacfafea9e3cc1140", "text": "Marshall McLuhan Herbert Marshall McLuhan , ( July 21 , 1911 -- December 31 , 1980 ) was a Canadian professor , philosopher , and public intellectual . His work is viewed as one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory , as well as having practical applications in the advertising and television industries . He was educated at the University of Manitoba and the University of Cambridge ; he began his teaching career as a Professor of English at several universities in the U.S. and Canada before moving to the University of Toronto , where he remained for the rest of his life . McLuhan is known for coining the expression `` the medium is the message '' and the term global village , and for predicting the World Wide Web almost thirty years before it was invented . He was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s , though his influence began to wane in the early 1970s . In the years after his death , he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles . With the arrival of the internet , however , interest has renewed in his work and perspective .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad4e3758e3476b4882d3ae25265e7017", "text": "Grambling State University Grambling State University ( GSU ) is a historically black , public , coeducational university , located in Grambling , Louisiana . The university is home of College Football Hall of Fame inductee and former head football coach Eddie Robinson , and is listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail . The university is a member-school of the University of Louisiana System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85fa0539bbf005ab32fa41b6ea65dea0", "text": "University of South Dakota The University of South Dakota ( or informally USD or the U ) is a public coeducational research university located in the small town community of Vermillion , South Dakota . USD was established by the Dakota Territory legislature in 1862 , 27 years before the establishment of the state of South Dakota ( first classes held 1882 in the Clay County Courthouse ) , USD is the oldest public university in the state . On a 274 acre campus , USD is situated in the southeastern portion of South Dakota , approximately 63 mile southwest of Sioux Falls , South Dakota , 39 mile northwest of Sioux City , Iowa and north of the Missouri River . The University of South Dakota is home to South Dakota 's only medical school , law school , and accredited business school . It is also home to the National Music Museum , with over 15,000 American , European , and non-western instruments . USD is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents , and its current president is Jim Abbott . The university has been accredited by the North Central Association of College and Schools since 1913 . Nine alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars ; Ernest Lawrence , B.A. 1922 , received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics . The athletic teams compete in the NCAA 's Division I as members of The Summit League , except football , which competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b68195d6a924c10ab41d06664d1c614d", "text": "List of McMaster University people McMaster University , located in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , is a public research university that was founded in 1887 through funds bequeathed by Canadian Senator , William McMaster . It has grown into an institution of more than 32,000 students , faculty , and staff . The school is consistently ranked as one of the best in Canada . The list is drawn from faculty , alumni and staff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3754f1b191e6a945e5c030240bbe0f0", "text": "University of Richmond The University of Richmond ( UR or U of R ) is a private , nonsectarian , liberal arts college located in the city of Richmond , Virginia , with small portions of the campus extending into surrounding Henrico County . University of Richmond is a primarily undergraduate , residential university with approximately 4,350 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools : the School of Arts and Sciences , the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business , the Jepson School of Leadership Studies , the University of Richmond School of Law and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c59ecdac031fc3326aa010eebc37d0b8", "text": "Hollins University Hollins University is a four-year private institution of higher education located on a 475 acre campus on the border of Roanoke and Botetourt counties in the U.S. state of Virginia . Founded in 1842 as Valley Union Seminary in the historical settlement of Botetourt Springs , it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the United States . Hollins has since evolved into a full university with approximately 800 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students . As Virginia 's first chartered women 's college , all undergraduate programs are female-only . Men are admitted to the graduate-level programs . Hollins is known for its undergraduate and graduate writing programs , which have produced Pulitzer Prize -- winning authors Annie Dillard , current U.S. poet laureate Natasha Trethewey , and Henry S. Taylor . Other prominent alumnae include pioneering sportswriter Mary Garber , 2006 Man Booker Prize winner Kiran Desai , UC-Berkeley 's first tenured female physicist ( and a principal contributor to theories for detecting the Higgs boson ) Mary K. Gaillard , Goodnight Moon author Margaret Wise Brown , Lee Smith , photographer Sally Mann , and Ellen Malcolm , founder of EMILY 's List .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69aa2498da863b486fce1364607fce9", "text": "Sam Houston State University Sam Houston State University ( known as SHSU or Sam ) was founded in 1879 and is the third oldest public institution of higher learning in the State of Texas . It is located approximately 70 minutes north of downtown Houston , in Huntsville , Texas . It is one of the oldest purpose-built institutions for the instruction of teachers west of the Mississippi River and the first such institution of its type in Texas . The school is named for Sam Houston , who made his home in the city and is buried there . SHSU is a member of the Texas State University System and has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students across over 80 undergraduate , 59 masters ' , and 8 doctoral degree programs . The university also offers more than 20 online bachelor 's and graduate degrees , and its online programs are ranked high by U.S. News & World Report . It was the first institution classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education within the Texas State University System , and while education continues to be the most popular major among students at the university , SHSU has nationally recognized programs in banking , performing arts , mathematics and criminal justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774391a5767f3fcea1ded9cde3b06248", "text": "Hampton University Hampton University ( also HU , or Home by the Sea ) is a private historically black university located in Hampton , Virginia , United States . It was founded in 1868 by black and white leaders of the American Missionary Association after the American Civil War to provide education to freedmen . In 1878 , it established a program for teaching Native Americans , which lasted until 1923 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac04a0727bcba060176b51535990ebbd", "text": "Liberal arts college A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences . A liberal arts college aims to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities , in contrast to a professional , vocational , or technical curriculum . Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects , including sciences as well as the traditional humanities subjects taught as liberal arts . Although it draws on European antecedents , the liberal arts college is strongly associated with American higher education , and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the American model . There is no formal definition of liberal arts college , but one American authority defines them as schools that `` emphasize undergraduate education and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study . '' Other researchers have adopted similar definitions . Although many liberal arts colleges are exclusively undergraduate , some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master 's degree or doctoral degree in subjects such as business administration , nursing , medicine , and law . Similarly , although the term `` liberal arts college '' most commonly refers to an independent institution , it may also sometimes refer to a university college within or affiliated with a larger university . Most liberal arts colleges outside of the United States follow this model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f747cb25a8624a7e7c31a08832483734", "text": "Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai University ( CMU ) is a public research university in northern Thailand founded in 1964 . It has a strong emphasis on engineering , science , agriculture , and medicine . Its instructional mission includes undergraduate , graduate , professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction . Its main campus lies between Chiang Mai downtown and Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai , Chiang Mai Province . The university was the first institution of higher education in northern Thailand , and the first provincial university in Thailand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9120a52a23230fb93b97c71c3f0d0561", "text": "University of Karachi The University of Karachi ( جامعۂ كراچى or KU ) is a public research university located in Karachi , Sindh , Pakistan . It is one of the oldest universities in Pakistan being established as a federal university in 1951 under the leadership of Oxford trained Dr. ABA Haleem . With a student body of 24,000 full-time students and a campus size spanning over 1200 acres , Karachi University is Pakistan 's largest university with a distinguished reputation for multi-disciplinary research in science and technology , medical research , and social sciences . The university spans over 53 Departments and 19 world-class research institutes operating under nine faculties . There are over 800 academic 's and more than 2500 supporting staff working for the university . In 2009 , the university was named by now defunct THE-QS World University Rankings for the top 500 universities in the world , while it is ranked by QS ranking 's in 2016 as among to the top 250 in Asia and among 701st in the world , the research at the university is ranked as ` high ' . The university has been affiliated with world-renowned and notable scholars have been associated and affiliated with the university as faculty , researchers , or alumni since its establishment . The university is a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "591c2c009ef08044580915317c0a20cc", "text": "Lesley University Lesley University is a private , coeducational university in Cambridge , Massachusetts . It offers education , expressive therapies , creative writing , counseling , and fine arts programs . The university is a member of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , National Association of Schools of Art and Design , New England Collegiate Conference , and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a8c74ced83da8a9795233bf9990197d", "text": "John Marshall High School (Los Angeles) John Marshall High School is a high school located in the Los Feliz district of the City of Los Angeles at 3939 Tracy Street in Los Angeles , California . Marshall , which serves grades 9 through 12 , is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District . Marshall is named after jurist John Marshall , who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States for three decades . Students at Marshall primarily come from Los Feliz , Atwater Village , East Hollywood , northeastern Koreatown , Elysian Valley , and Silver Lake . John Marshall High School offers a good number of Advanced Placement and honors courses on top of the regular curriculum . The variety of AP courses offered makes it possible to take almost every major subject offered in grades 9 -- 12 in the AP system . Entry to these courses in the past has been granted to students with high grades or letters of recommendation from their previous teachers . Many of the students who have taken AP courses move on to campuses of the University of California , with some top students achieving admission to Ivy League universities or other universities in the Top 25 , as ranked by U.S. News & World Report . Within the school , there are many Small Learning Communities , including the School for Environmental Studies , the school 's only California Partnership Academy , the Performing Arts Academy , the Artistic Vision Academy , the STARS Academy , the Renaissance Academy , and the Social Justice Academy . The School also houses a School for Advanced Studies and a Gifted/High Ability Magnet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535373c3fc9e914329c7e38b82404b97", "text": "Duke Kunshan University Duke Kunshan University is a university organized as a collaboration between Duke University ( located in Durham , North Carolina , United States ) , Wuhan University ( Wuhan , Hubei , China ) , and the city of Kunshan , China . The university has a 200-acre campus in Kunshan . On September 17 , 2013 , the Chinese Ministry of Education granted final approval . First classes started on August 25 , 2014 . Duke Kunshan University currently offers an Undergraduate Global Learning Semester program and Master 's programs in Medical Physics , Global Health , Environmental Policy and Management Studies . The first chancellor of the new university is Liu Jingnan , formerly president of Wuhan University . Mary Brown Bullock , formerly president of Agnes Scott College , is the first executive vice chancellor . Duke first attempted to collaborate with Shanghai Jiao Tong University to build its Kunshan campus in 2010 , but the Chinese university withdrew before reaching an agreement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c820326f28c15ed04a97dd4322218d1", "text": "Public university A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government , as opposed to private universities . Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country ( or region ) to another , largely depending on the specific education landscape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15ac00496ce43e18071d6b82c29c5f03", "text": "Mahamakut Buddhist University Mahamakut Buddhist University or MBU is one of the two public Buddhist universities in Thailand . Founded in 1893 as an educational institute for monks , by King Chulalongkorn in remembrance of his late father King Mongkut . The Thai government granted the university a status of public university in 1997 , integrating MBU into the Thai higher education system . Mahamakut Buddhist University is composed of four academic faculties : Religion and Philosophy Faculty , Humanities Faculty , Social Sciences Faculty , and Education Faculty . In addition , the university also offer a teachers ' training program as well as various academic services to the public . The university began offering master 's degree programs in 1987 . The Ph.D. program of Buddhist Studies was established in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbdffc06df3cfd035f010bde67235be4", "text": "Medical University of South Carolina The Medical University of South Carolina ( MUSC ) opened in Charleston , South Carolina in 1824 as a small private college for the training of physicians . It is one of the oldest continually operating schools of medicine in the United States and the oldest in the Deep South . The school 's main building was designed by Charleston architect Albert W. Todd . The school has expanded into a state university with a medical center and six colleges for the education of health professionals , biomedical scientists and other health care personnel . It also operates as a center for research and has a public hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6692209fb8066a043ff1d753ed8e1b", "text": "Lehigh University Lehigh University is an American private research university located in Bethlehem , Pennsylvania . It was established in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer and has grown to include studies in a wide variety of disciplines . Its undergraduate programs have been coeducational since the 1971 -- 72 academic year . As of 2014 , the university had 4,904 undergraduate students and 2,165 graduate students . Lehigh is considered one of the twenty-four Hidden Ivies in the Northeastern United States . Lehigh has four colleges : the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Business and Economics , and the College of Education . The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest college today , home to roughly 40 % of the university 's students . The university offers a variety of degrees , including Bachelor of Arts , Bachelor of Science , Master of Arts , Master of Science , Master of Business Administration , Master of Engineering , Master of Education , and Doctor of Philosophy . Lehigh has produced Pulitzer Prize winners , Fulbright Fellows , members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences , and National Medal of Science winners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711db7d015ded6526aaa11d0bce3f95c", "text": "List of colleges and universities in West Virginia There are forty-four colleges and universities in the U.S. state of West Virginia that are listed under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . These institutions include one research university , five master 's universities , and fourteen baccalaureate colleges , as well as twenty-one associate 's colleges . In addition , there are three institutions classified as special-focus institutions . West Virginia 's oldest surviving post-secondary institution is Bethany College , founded on March 2 , 1840 by Alexander Campbell . Marshall University and West Liberty University were both established in 1837 , but as private subscription schools . Founded in 1867 , West Virginia University is the state 's largest public institution of higher learning in terms of enrollment , as it had 29,707 students as of spring 2013 . Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College is the state 's smallest , with an enrollment of 822 . With an enrollment of 1,549 students , Wheeling Jesuit University is West Virginia 's largest traditional private post-secondary institution , while Valley College -- Princeton is the state 's smallest , with an enrollment of 72 . The American Public University System , a private for-profit , distance education institution based in Charles Town , has the largest enrollment of any post-secondary institution in West Virginia , with 31,331 students . West Virginia has two land-grant universities : West Virginia State University and West Virginia University . West Virginia University is also the state 's sole participant university in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program . In addition , West Virginia has two historically black colleges and universities that are members of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund : Bluefield State College and West Virginia State University . West Virginia has three medical schools : Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine , West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine , and West Virginia University School of Medicine . It has one law school , West Virginia University College of Law , which is accredited by the American Bar Association . The majority ( thirty-three ) of West Virginia 's post-secondary institutions are accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools ( NCA ) . Most are accredited by multiple agencies , such as the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing ( ACEN ) , the American Physical Therapy Association ( APTA ) , the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education ( CCNE ) , and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "465ca1de3d2acb677ba6d5647747c41f", "text": "Minneapolis Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37ed76f07810a353cb9b73044f633f94", "text": "Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis) The Stone Arch Bridge is a former railroad bridge crossing the Mississippi River at Saint Anthony Falls in downtown Minneapolis , Minnesota . It is the only arched bridge made of stone on the entire length of Mississippi River , and also the second oldest next to Eads Bridge . The bridge was built to connect the railway system to the new Union Depot , which at that time was planned to be built between Hennepin Avenue and Nicollet Avenue . The bridge was completed on 1883 , costing an amazing sum of $ 650,000 during the time ( $ today ) . 117 Portland Avenue is the general address of the historic complex . For a time , the bridge was dubbed `` Hill 's Folly '' until the value of Hill 's new bridge as a passenger rail link became evident . Positioned between the 3rd Avenue Bridge and the I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge , the Stone Arch Bridge was built in 1883 by railroad tycoon James J. Hill for his Great Northern Railway , and accessed the former passenger station located about a mile to the west , on the west bank of the river . The structure is now used as a pedestrian and bicycle bridge . It is an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark , and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 as a part of the Saint Anthony Falls Historic District , ( District # 71000438 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e8ba24bafa07a046f47c6ae0482bd3", "text": "Imperial Sugar Imperial Sugar is a major U.S. sugar producer and marketer based in Sugar Land , Texas , with sugar refinery operations in California , Georgia , and Louisiana . The company was established in 1843 and has undergone ownership changes multiple times . The current name , Imperial Sugar Company , was established after a change in ownership in 1907 . The company went through major expansion through acquisitions beginning in 1988 , but filed for bankruptcy in 2001 , emerging in the same year and embarking on a downsizing strategy . , the company was in the process of being purchased once more and converted from a public to a private company by Louis Dreyfus Group of the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95f7b1fe9efa1084623fba073f022d8b", "text": "Alexander Ramsey House The Alexander Ramsey House is a historic house museum in Saint Paul , Minnesota , United States ; the former residence of Alexander Ramsey , who served as the first governor of Minnesota Territory and the second governor of the state of Minnesota . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 . It is also a contributing property to the Irvine Park Historic District . It is located at 265 Exchange St. S. in the Irvine Park area , which was one of the first trendy neighborhoods in Minnesota . Designed by noted early Minnesota architect Monroe Sheire , the house is one of the nation 's best-preserved Victorian homes , featuring carved walnut woodwork , marble fireplaces , crystal chandeliers and many original furnishings . The Ramsey family began building the house in 1868 , including innovations like hot water radiators , gas lights and hot and cold running water , and when it was completed in 1872 , the total cost of construction was nearly $ 41,000 . To furnish the house , Ramsey 's wife Anna filled two boxcars with fashionable and expensive Renaissance-revival furniture from the A.T. Stewart Company Store in New York to bring home to Minnesota . The Ramseys ' daughter Marion married Charles Furness in a lavish wedding in the parlor in 1875 . The 15-room house remained in the Ramsey family until the death of Alexander Ramsey 's last surviving granddaughter Anita in 1964 . The house and its contents were left to the Minnesota Historical Society , which now operates it as a museum with tours offered year-round . They offer special programs such as `` A Victorian Christmas at the Ramsey House '' in which the house is decorated for the holidays and visitors can discover how the Ramseys would have prepared for and celebrated Christmas . Tours show the dining table set with the family 's china and crystal , with a Christmas tree decorated with the family 's own ornaments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa", "text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c69a98d144a1ba8c880c96cd3b976e6e", "text": "Mexico City Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Ciudad de México , -LSB- sjuˈða ðe ˈmexiko -RSB- ; abbreviated as `` CDMX '' ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . As an `` alpha '' global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2240 m . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ) . The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1485 km2 . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the Greater Mexico City population is 21.2 million people , making it the second-largest metropolitan area of the western hemisphere , behind New York City , the tenth-largest agglomeration , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of US$ 411 billion in 2011 , making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8 % of Mexico 's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22 % of total national GDP . As a stand-alone country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America -- five times as large as Costa Rica 's and about the same size as Peru 's . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians ( Native Americans ) , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the federal district was created in 1824 . After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997 . Ever since , the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) has controlled both of them . In recent years , the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies , such as abortion on request , a limited form of euthanasia , no-fault divorce , and same-sex marriage . On January 29 , 2016 , it ceased to be called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , as the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd66b872cf5b93b2d6513a15bb2a4641", "text": "São Paulo (state) São Paulo ( -LSB- sɐ̃w ˈpawlu -RSB- ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus . As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex , often dubbed the `` locomotive of Brazil '' , the state alone is responsible for 33.9 % of the Brazilian GDP . São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index ( HDI ) and GDP per capita , the fourth lowest infant mortality rate and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil . São Paulo alone is richer than Argentina , Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia combined . If São Paulo were an independent country , its nominal GDP would be ranked among the top 20 in the world ( 2010 estimate ) . The economy of São Paulo State is the most developed in Brazil With more than 45 million inhabitants in 2014 , São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state , the most populous national subdivision in the Americas , and the third most populous political unit of South America , surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia . The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians , who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century ; of the Portuguese , who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region ; indigenous peoples , a large number of distinct ethnic groups ; Africans , who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country . In addition , Arabs , Germans , Spanish , Japanese and Chinese also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population . The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 B.C. . In the early 16th century , the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators . In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas -- the village of São Vicente , in the Baixada Santista . In the 17th century , the paulistas bandeirantes intensified the exploration of the interior of the colony , which eventually expanded the territorial domain of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire in South America . In the 18th century , after the establishment of the Province of São Paulo , the region began to gain political weight . After independence in 1820 , São Paulo began to become a major agricultural producer ( mainly coffee ) in the newly constituted Empire of Brazil , which ultimately created a rich regional rural oligarchy , which would switch on the command of the Brazilian government with Minas Gerais 's elites during the early republican periodin the 1880s . Under the Vargas Era , the state was one of the first to initiate a process of industrialization and its population became one of the most urban of the federation . The city of São Paulo , the homonymous state capital , is ranked as the world 's 12th largest city and its metropolitan area , with 20 million inhabitants , is the 9th largest in the world and second in the Americas , after Greater Mexico City . Regions near the city of São Paulo are also metropolitan areas , such as Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and São José dos Campos . The total population of these areas coupled with the state capital -- the so-called `` Expanded Metropolitan Complex of São Paulo '' -- exceeds 30 million inhabitants , i.e. approximately 75 percent of the population of São Paulo statewide , the first macro-metropolis in the southern hemisphere , joining 65 municipalities that together are home to 12 percent of the Brazilian population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6d2dfa78cfb09a4cdc1e670297eb652", "text": "Mary Millicent Miller Mary Millicent Miller ( 1846 -- October 30 , 1894 ) was the first American woman to acquire a steamboat master 's license . Miller was born in 1846 in Louisville , Kentucky to Andrew Garretson , a steamboat engineer . She became the wife of widower George Miller of the Portland area of Louisville , and bore him four children . She also became the mother of the three George Miller already had . Competitors of George Miller 's in the New Orleans shipping market tried to put him in legal trouble by alleging to the Steamboat Inspection Service ( SIS ) that George was acting as both pilot and master of his steamboat , a criminal offense . In response , George told the SIS that while he was the pilot , Mary was the one acting as master . This did nothing to quell George 's competitors , so in November 1883 the SIS in Washington , D.C. began to decide if it was `` proper '' for a woman to serve as a master on a steamboat . When it came to the attention of the reigning United States Secretary of the Treasury , Charles J. Folger , he asked `` has Mrs. Miller a living husband ? '' Despite protestations from George L. Norton about the improprieties of the situation , who served in New Orleans as supervising inspector of the SIS Tenth District , Folger proclaimed that she should be allowed a master 's license if she could do the expected work of a master with no allowance for her sex . Miller took the tests required for a master 's license , and took the required oath on February 16 , 1884 . That same day , Harper 's Weekly ran a cartoon entitled , `` By All Means Commission The Ladies , '' and her picture appeared in the same publication on March 8 , 1884 . From then on she was the captain of their ship , the Saline . Respected steamboat masters publicly proclaimed her great skill in the New Orleans newspapers , while her accomplishment allowed for other females to become steamboat pilots and masters . The rivers she sailed include the Mississippi River , Ohio River , Ouachita River and Red River . By the 1890s , the railroads made the steamboat business less profitable , causing George Miller to seek retirement in 1891 . Making one last trip to New Orleans from Portland , the Millers took their sailboat Swan to spend the winter touring the jetties of the Mississippi River 's mouth , and dredge for oysters . Mary became ill from the trip , and the Swan had to be towed back to Portland . Mary would eventually die in 1894 . She was buried in Portland Cemetery . Mary Miller was twice recognize in the 1990s for her pioneering effort . The American Merchant Marine Hall of Fame inducted her in 1993 . In 1995 she was recognized by the National Rivers Hall of Fame . The Portland Museum keeps a permanent exhibit about her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5bf596f4d4503bd325eb69fb38b527", "text": "Midtown, Minneapolis Midtown is a loosely defined region in south Minneapolis , Minnesota . There are no hard-set boundaries to the midtown area , but it is generally agreed to include the area in the vicinity of Lake Street between Interstate 35W and Hiawatha Avenue . Lake Street is the border between the Phillips and Powderhorn communities of Minneapolis . Lake Street/Midtown LRT Station , with service on the METRO Blue Line , is located on the eastern edge of the area . The midtown area was historically known as being somewhat of a run-down area . However , in the past decade or two , there has been a large revitalization effort along Lake Street , driven largely by an insurgence of new Latino and Northeast African businesses . Near the intersection of Chicago Avenue and Lake Street is the Midtown Exchange building , which was a Sears department store and mail-order catalog facility until the company closed it in 1994 . After sitting vacant for a decade , the building was fully redeveloped . It features office space , residential units , and the Midtown Global Market , a large marketplace featuring an ethnically diverse variety of restaurants , grocers , and retailers . Other indoor markets that have opened in the midtown area include the Mercado Central ( at Bloomington Ave and Lake St ) , which houses numerous Latino businesses , and the Lake Plaza ( at 3rd Ave and Lake St ) , which houses Somali and Latino businesses . As of January 2009 , a new market has opened in the former True Value Hardware site at the Hi-Lake Shopping Center ( 21st Ave and Lake St ) , housing Somali businesses . At 22nd Ave and Lake Street ( in the parking lot of Anishinabe Academy School ) the Midtown Farmers ' Market operates on Tuesdays and Saturdays from late spring to early autumn . Many places and groups use the `` midtown '' descriptor in their names . Examples include : The Midtown Greenway , a major bicycling and walking trail paralleling Lake Street The Midtown Exchange and the Midtown Global Market The Midtown Freewheel Bike Center , a bike shop on the Midtown Greenway The Midtown YWCA ( Lake Street and 22nd Ave ) The Lake Street/Midtown light rail station on the METRO Blue Line The Sheraton Minneapolis Midtown Hotel The Midtown Church Project , a church plant utilizing principles of self-organization and community development", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac763dc8404d1c4a9cfe3d61cafa9c0e", "text": "Sugar Bush Lake Sugar Bush Lake is a lake in Mahnomen County , in the U.S. state of Minnesota . Sugar Bush Lake was named for the sugar maple trees near the lake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4766e0ebc459cf65fb212089acda616e", "text": "Glucose Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6 . Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar . It is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide , using energy from sunlight . It is the most important source of energy for cellular respiration . Glucose is stored as a polymer , in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen . With 6 carbon atoms , it is classed as a hexose , a subcategory of the monosaccharides . D-Glucose is one of the 16 aldohexose stereoisomers . The D-isomer , D-glucose , also known as dextrose , occurs widely in nature , but the L-isomer , L-glucose , does not . Glucose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar , cane sugar , maltose , cellulose , glycogen , etc. . It is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch by hydrolysis via pressurized steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic depolymerization . In 1747 , Andreas Marggraf was the first to isolate glucose . Glucose is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most important medications needed in a basic health system . The name glucose derives through the French from the Greek γλυκός , which means `` sweet , '' in reference to must , the sweet , first press of grapes in the making of wine . The suffix '' - ose '' is a chemical classifier , denoting a carbohydrate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea5ed808cfb4a0b11afdd242ba704a7", "text": "Minnetonka, Minnesota Minnetonka -LSB- ˌmɪnᵻˈtɒŋkə -RSB- is a suburban city in Hennepin County , Minnesota , United States , eight miles ( 13 km ) west of Minneapolis . The population was 49,734 at the 2010 census . The name comes from the Dakota Indian mni tanka , meaning `` great water '' . The city is the home of Cargill , the country 's largest privately owned company , and United Healthcare , the state 's largest publicly owned company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9b65fb78b03e3c69d3a235c7a6a17a4", "text": "Neighborhoods in Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul , Minnesota is noted for its neighborhoods . The city has been called `` fifteen small towns with one mayor '' , owing to the neighborhood-based life of much of the city . Saint Paul is partially governed by not 15 but 17 City Districts . On Saint Paul 's largely blue-collar East Side alone there are more than two dozen well-known , historically significant neighborhoods within four City Districts . District 4 , for example , has three historic neighborhoods : Dayton 's Bluff , Swede Hollow , and Mounds Park . The most populous districts , 2 and 5 , have more than a dozen neighborhoods between them . While Saint Paul has long been recognized for its citizen activism , some neighborhoods receive more individual planning attention than others , because tax funds are doled out to annually elected volunteer neighborhood boards based on City District boundaries , not neighborhood boundaries . These boards are called District Councils . The District Council system was established in 1975 to encourage grass-roots involvement . The Councils were also created to help spend federal funds through the recently created Community Development Block Grants . The District Councils share $ 1.2 million from the city of Saint Paul . In 2015 , community participation funds given to the District Councils ranged from $ 51,873 to $ 109,475 . The councils also have other revenue streams , such as grants and donations . Most councils have significant power on land-use issues . Besides providing advisory recommendations to city officials on development issues , district councils also identify neighborhood needs , initiate community programs and recruit and nurture neighborhood leaders and volunteers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "967e7614b0f9f2486d648bed6d050fd4", "text": "Urban beekeeping Urban beekeeping is the practice of keeping bee colonies in urban areas . It may also be referred to as hobby beekeeping or backyard beekeeping . Bees from city apiaries are said to be `` healthier and more productive than their country cousins '' . Their presence also provides cities with environmental and economic benefits . Most cities in North America at one time prohibited the keeping of bees , but in recent years beekeepers have had success in overturning bee bans . Bees pollinate a wide variety of plants , and the honey they produce is often sold to local restaurants and in local shops . Many urban areas now regulate beekeeping , and while registering beehives is often mandatory , a high proportion of urban beekeepers fail to inform the city . The popularity of urban beekeeping was growing rapidly c. 2012 perhaps due to its inclusion in the local food movement . Between 1999 and 2012 , London saw a 220 % increase in beekeepers . The number of urban beehives varies greatly from city to city , and official counts may be inaccurate as hives are often not registered . As cities have limited greenspaces , the increasing popularity of the hobby may lead to lower honey yields as has been reported in London and New York City . According to a 2015 research study , urban environments favor viability and transmission of some disease agents that affect honey bees and may be a contributing factor to their diseases . Besides upset urbanites complaining of numerous painful stings , another problem created by a surfeit of bees is swarming , when a queen leaves an overcrowded colony with a retinue of workers to start her own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763c76c44115cde59dbbdd931012261c", "text": "William D. Washburn William Drew `` W.D. '' Washburn , Sr. ( January 14 , 1831 -- July 29 , 1912 ) was an American politician . He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate as a Republican from Minnesota . Three of his seven brothers became politicians : Elihu B. Washburne , Cadwallader C. Washburn , and Israel Washburn , Jr. . He was also cousin of Dorilus Morrison , the first mayor of Minneapolis . He served in the 46th , 47th , 48th , 51st , 52nd , and 53rd congresses . Washburn was born in Livermore , Maine . A graduate of Bowdoin College , he first studied law in the office of John A. Peters in Bangor , Maine before moving to Minneapolis , Minnesota around 1857 . There he practiced law , and worked for the Minneapolis Milling Company ( founded by his brother Cadwallader ) . His business ventures in lumber and flour milling allowed him to amass a large fortune , and by the 1880s , he was among the wealthiest men in Minnesota . Washburn served as the first president from 1883 to 1889 of what was to become Soo Line Railroad . He also founded the Pillsbury-Washburn Milling Company , which later became the Pillsbury Company , and was eventually absorbed by his brother 's firm , General Mills . Washburn built a mansion known as `` Fair Oaks '' in 1883 . It was designed by E. Townsend Mix , who also designed Minneapolis 's Metropolitan Building , and the outdoor landscape was laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted . The grounds included an artificial stream leading to a pond , a rustic footbridge , a greenhouse , and a carriage house . The home was demolished in 1924 to make way for a park , although the region is now part of the Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District , which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 . Washburn served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1871 . He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1878 and served from March 4 , 1879 to March 3 , 1885 . He was elected to the Senate in 1888 and served from March 4 , 1889 to March 4 , 1895 . Washburn was a founder of the First Universalist Church of Minneapolis in 1859 . A major benefactor , he served as a trustee and President for much of his remaining life . He died in Minneapolis in 1912 . His grandson C. Langhorne Washburn was to be active in the Republican Party from the 1950s through the 1970s . William Washburn 's son , Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn , was born in 1866 . Cad became deaf as a child . His talent as an artist was noticed at an early age . Cad eventually became a noted artist and news correspondent who pioneered many new painting techniques in the west . The arts center at his alma mater , Gallaudet University , is named for Cad Washburn . Another son William Drew Washburn , Jr. also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4561cae48e344560e2e85c02a2db063c", "text": "Maple sugar Maple sugar is a traditional sweetener in Canada and the northeastern United States , prepared from the sap of the maple tree .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a29428709d6d534350efcc8dddcb33", "text": "Henry Adoniram Swift Henry Adoniram Swift ( March 23 , 1823February 25 , 1869 ) was an American politician who was the third Governor of Minnesota . He served as Governor from July 10 , 1863 to January 11 , 1864 after serving as the third Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota when Governor Alexander Ramsey resigned to enter the United States Congress . Prior to that he had served in the Minnesota Senate . Swift was a Republican . Described by peers as gentle , self-effacing , and ambivalent toward politics , Henry Swift was Minnesota 's third governor for less than a year , completing the second term of Alexander Ramsey , who had been elected United States Senator . With little time or apparent inclination to effect major change , this un-elected governor concentrated on assuring the welfare of Civil War veterans . After graduation with honors from Western Reserve College in his native Ohio , Swift tutored the children of a slave owner in Mississippi , an experience that reinforced his commitment to abolition . He returned to Ohio , earned a law degree , and began a career in business and government service . He and his family journeyed to Minnesota in 1853 , settling first in St. Paul then St. Peter . With his partners in the St. Peter Land Company , he campaigned , unsuccessfully , to relocate the state capital in their burgeoning Minnesota River town . Swift left his commercial enterprises in 1861 for the state senate seat that propelled him into the governorship . Later he served two more terms in the senate and was a reluctant candidate for the U.S. Senate . `` I shall be ten times happier with my family in St. Peter than as Senator at Washington , '' he declared characteristically upon learning he had lost the Republican senatorial nomination in 1865 . Four years later , he succumbed to typhoid fever at age 45 . Swift County , Minnesota was named after him in 1870 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67812d6a026a9830ed49cd06a0b5f53", "text": "Paulistas Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga . The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small . As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil ( such as the Northeast ) to work in coffee plantations . The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest . From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations . The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2415dbc1104f1c7316e618d6e049d03b", "text": "Midwest Federal Savings & Loan Midwest Federal Savings and Loan was an American bank headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Starting in the mid-1960s , its headquarters were located at 801 Nicollet Mall in what is now called McGladrey Plaza . Midwest Federal was in business for ninety-nine years until its failure in 1989 . Its collapse was due mostly to bad real estate loans . On April 22 , 1991 the St. Paul Pioneer Press called the bank 's failure the `` largest financial disaster in Minnesota history '' and was part of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s . Midwest Federal had assets of $ 3.5 billion , was liquidated by the Government at a cost of $ 1 billion to taxpayers . Midwest was $ 1 billion in debt when it was seized by regulators in February 1989 . The former chairman , Harold W. Greenwood Jr. , Donald J. Snede , Charlotte E. Masica , and Robert A. Mampel were indicted on Federal fraud and conspiracy charges involving financial losses at the failed institution . After its collapse , Midwest Savings was eventually placed under the `` conservatorship '' of the Resolution Trust Corporation ( RTC ) until its deposits were sold to various parties . The largest share of Midwest 's deposits - $ 638 million - went to Minneapolis banker Carl Pohlad , whose Marquette Bank Minneapolis bought the deposits of eight branches for US$ 3.2 million .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1ba07dab05e3bfec672cdebc453b50f4", "text": "Timber (Pitbull song) `` Timber '' is a song by American rapper Pitbull featuring American recording artist Kesha . The song was released on October 7 , 2013 , as the lead single from Pitbull 's extended play ( EP ) Meltdown . The song was produced by Dr. Luke , Cirkut , and Sermstyle , with additional production by Nick Seeley . The song interpolates Lee Oskar 's 1978 single `` San Francisco Bay '' and features harmonica player Paul Harrington , who plays through the entire song and was told to emulate Oskar . The song peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks and also topped the charts in many other countries , including Canada ( where it stood at No. 1 for eight consecutive weeks ) , Denmark , Germany , the Netherlands , and the United Kingdom . According to the IFPI , the song sold 12.6 million units worldwide in 2014 , including single-track downloads and track-equivalent streams , becoming the sixth best-selling song of that year .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19a8f25a4d1e1d1a339c70cc248b0a17", "text": "Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b034fdced639b53971ec5f9c98772c56", "text": "The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings . During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places . Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s . These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem . The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame . Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club . According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between . The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "991374a67d9213b290c667d4ba7cbd3c", "text": "Bob Timberlake (artist) Bob Timberlake ( born January 22 , 1937 ) is an American realist artist primarily known for his watercolor paintings as well as for designing and licensing lines of home furnishings , clothing and various other products . He began his career as an artist in 1970 and began his home furnishings line in 1990 . He founded Linwood Furniture , LLC in 2006 . In the fall of 2004 , the Manor House Estate House at the Chetola Resort at Blowing Rock was renamed the Bob Timberlake Inn at Chetola Resort . His primary studio was created from a historic barn built in 1809 and moved to its current location in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b373fd74b102c4c78dcfb75dbe12c1", "text": "Pulpwood Pulpwood refers to timber with the principal use of making wood pulp for paper production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6af2ba78aa996741b2a3cb20f2ff80f4", "text": "Illegal logging Illegal logging is the harvest , transportation , purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws . The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal , including using corrupt means to gain access to forests ; extraction without permission , or from a protected area ; the cutting down of protected species ; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits ( see Box 1 ) . Illegality may also occur during transport , such as illegal processing and export ; fraudulent declaration to customs ; the avoidance of taxes and other charges , and fraudulent certification .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5938731651aa8ee09f7df947c57321b9", "text": "Oldfieldia africana Oldfieldia africana , also known as the African oak , is a large tree which can grow to 36 metres or more in height . It is to be found across West Africa in such countries as Ivory Coast , Liberia , Sierra Leone , Gabon , Cameroon , Central African Republic , Congo Republic . Numbers have decreased as its timber is very heavy and hard , comparable to teak . John MacCormac an Irish businessman who settled on the banks of the Rokel River , Sierra Leone for example , established the local timber trade in 1816 , and for a while enjoyed a substantial income from it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8276569f80d187d88fc62b671a234f29", "text": "Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4116a55b168efbc83ca92568dfc4bc14", "text": "Bressummer A bressummer , breastsummer , summer beam ( somier , sommier , sommer , somer , cross-somer , summer , summier , summer-tree , or dorman , dormant tree ) are load bearing beams in a timber framed building . The word summer derived from sumpter or French sommier , `` a pack horse `` , meaning `` bearing great burden or weight `` . `` To support a superincumbent wall '' , `` any beast of burden '' , and in this way is similar to a wall plate . The use and definition of these terms vary but generally a bressummer is a jetty sill and a summer is an interior beam supporting ceiling joists , see below : ( U. K. ) In the outward part of the building , and the middle floors ( not in the garrets or ground floors ) into which the girders are framed . In the inner parts of a building , such beams are called `` summers '' . It is part of the timber frame construction in the over-hanging upper story in jettying . ( U. K. ) `` Horizontal beam over a fireplace opening ( alternatively lintel , mantel beam ) , or set forward from the lower part of a building to support a jettied wall , a jetty bressummer '' . ( U. K. ) '' ... usually the sill of the upper wall above a jetty ; otherwise any beam spanning an opening and supporting a wall above . '' also called a `` jetty sill '' . ( U. K. ) Breastsummer is a beam in a wall which carries the load over a large opening derived from breast being in the front , mid-level and summer : `` A horizontal , bearing beam in a building ; spec . the main beam supporting the girders or joists of a floor ... '' . `` a main piece of timber that supports a building , an architrave between two pillars `` `` Breast-Summer , an architectural term for a beam employed like a lintel to support the front of a building , is a corruption of bressumer ... '' ( U.S.A. ) `` Summer beam : A large timber spanning a room and supporting smaller floor joists on both sides . '' ( U.S.A. ) `` Summer beam . Heavy main horizontal beam , anchored in gable foundation walls , that supports forebay beams and barn frame above . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f146ec9c0b6c0bc31461ef6199372b0d", "text": "Timberland (board game) Timberland is a German-style woodland management board game by Klaus Teuber , which came 9th in the Deutscher Spiele Preis . References : Category : Board games introduced in 1989 Category : Klaus Teuber games Category : Children 's board games", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01deb681d979717348480c959f7d0f83", "text": "Hoppus The hoppus cubic foot ( or ` hoppus cube ' or ` h cu ft ' ) was the standard volume measurement used for timber in the British Empire and countries in the British sphere of influence before the introduction of metric units . It is still used in the hardwood trade of some countries . This volume measurement was developed to estimate what volume of a round log would be usable timber after processing , in effect attempting to ` square ' the log and allow for waste . The hoppus ton ( HT ) was also a traditionally used unit of volume in British forestry . One hoppus ton is equal to 50 hoppus feet or 1.8027 cubic metres . Some shipments of tropical hardwoods , especially shipments of teak from Myanmar ( Burma ) , are still stated in hoppus tons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20b7e209da84d716d6f4a41c93fe5482", "text": "Lymexylidae The Lymexylidae ( historically often spelled Lymexylonidae ) , also known as ship-timber beetles , are a family of wood-boring beetles . Lymexylidae belong to the suborder Polyphaga and are the sole member of the superfamily Lymexyloidea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb068b163d3cb015f98ccd65290d78db", "text": "Post (structural) A post is a main vertical or leaning support in a structure similar to a column or pillar but the term post generally refers to a timber but may be metal or stone . A stud in wooden or metal building construction is similar but lighter duty than a post and a strut may be similar to a stud or act as a brace . In the U.K. a strut may be very similar to a post but not carry a beam . In wood construction posts normally land on a sill , but in rare types of buildings the post may continue through to the foundation called an interrupted sill or into the ground called earthfast , post in ground , or posthole construction . A post is also a fundamental element in a fence . The terms `` jack '' and `` cripple '' are used with shortened studs and rafters but not posts , except in the specialized vocabulary of shoring .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b81040dec14e5e5d186b9ef47521eefd", "text": "Drawing-in frame A Drawing-in frame was a piece of equipment used in the cotton industry . It was the drawers-in job to thread each of ends on a new beam through the correct healds , and then though the reed . On a Lancashire loom weaving grey cloth this was a simple but time consuming task , but for a complex pattern on a Jacquard tapestry loom , great care was needed . To do this , the new beam was mounted on the back of a drawing-in frame , the healds were held next in a vertical position , and in front the reed would be clamped . This job was done by a reacher-in and a loomer . The reacher-in , who would be young and usually a boy , passed each end in order to the loomer who threaded it through the healds and the reed . A ` drawer-in ' was sometimes referred to as a beamer . The drawers-in sat between the two beams on low three legged stool , head and shoulders at beam height and so surrounded was humorously given the nickname `` Yutick 's nest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "946e8e922540eb618371353d7e1bd6a4", "text": "Philippine mahogany Philippine mahogany is a common name for several different species of trees and their wood . Botanically , the name refers to Toona calantas in the mahogany family , Meliaceae . It is endemic to the Philippines . In the US timber trade , it is often applied to wood of the genus Shorea in the family Dipterocarpaceae . Rarely , it may also refer to the narra tree ( Pterocarpus indicus ) in the legume family , Fabaceae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfccf74aa9318b613d7c94e07f0e785f", "text": "For a Breath I Tarry `` For a Breath I Tarry '' is a highly regarded 1966 post-apocalyptic novelette by Roger Zelazny . Taking place long after the self-extinction of Man , it recounts the tale of Frost , a sentient machine ( '' ... a silver-blue box , 40x40x40 feet , ... featured in whatever manner he chose . '' ) Though Man has disappeared , his robotic creations ( and their creations in turn ) continue to function . For ten thousand years Frost sat at the North Pole of the Earth , aware of every snowflake that fell . He monitored and directed the activities of thousands of reconstruction and maintenance machines . He knew half the Earth , as gear knows gear , as electricity knows its conductor , as a vacuum knows its limits . At the South Pole , the Beta-Machine did the same for the southern hemisphere . Along the way , the story explores the differences between Man and Machine , the former experiencing the world qualitatively , while the latter do so quantitatively . `` A machine is a Man turned inside-out , because it can describe all the details of a process , which a Man can not , but it can not experience that process itself as a Man can . '' This is illustrated by a conversation Frost has with another machine named Mordel . `` Regard this piece of ice , mighty Frost . You can tell me its composition , dimensions , weight , temperature . A Man could not look at it and do that . A Man could make tools which would tell Him these things , but He still would not know measurement as you know it . What He would know of it , though , is a thing that you can not know . '' `` What is that ? '' `` That it is cold . '' Driving the plot and setting its tone are allusions to other literature , most specifically the first chapter of the Book of Job , both in situation and language , as verses are both quoted directly and paraphrased . Additionally , echoes of the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis appear . Finally , Frost and Mordel enter into a Faustian bargain , with , however , better results than in the original . The novelette has appeared in collections of Zelazny 's works and in anthologies . The title is from a phrase in A. E. Housman 's collection A Shropshire Lad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a3287ca1c83e9db0b1b1ad35cf50be1", "text": "Iroko Iroko is a large hardwood tree from the west coast of tropical Africa that can live up to 500 years . The tree is known to the Yoruba as ìrókò , logo or loko and is believed to have supernatural properties . Iroko is known to the Igbo people as oji wood . It is one of the woods sometimes referred to as African teak , although it is unrelated to the teak family . The wood colour is initially yellow but darkens to a richer reddish brown over time . It is yielded mostly ( probably ) by Milicia excelsa . In much of the literature on this timber the names of the trees that yields it are given as Chlorophora excelsa and Chlorophora regia . The tree is feared in some cultures where it originates and hence is shunned or revered with offerings . Yoruba people believe that the tree is inhabited by a spirit , and anybody who sees the Iroko-man face to face becomes insane and speedily dies . According to the Yoruba , any man who cuts down any Iroko tree causes devastating misfortune on himself and all of his family , although if they need to cut down the tree they can make a prayer afterwards to protect themselves . They also claim that the spirit of the Iroko can be heard in houses which use Iroko wood , as the spirit of the Iroko is trapped in the wood . In Nigeria the iroko wood is of much lower quality due to soil conditions as well as root-rot . Some Westerners refer to the wood as `` poor man 's teak '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cdbe9d5bb518fbb378298026b04adc", "text": "Wood (song) `` Wood '' is a song by English post-trip hop band Second Person , which will be on the band 's second album : `` The Elements '' - the follow-up to their debut album `` Chromatography '' . Released on 9 August 2007 , this song has a music video created by a collaboration of artists , animators and the band . This video is the first chapter in a story spanning five videos that make up a short animated film also called `` The Elements '' . These video along with the album were created for `` believers '' in the band on Sellaband.com who helped the band raise $ 50,000 to record their album . These videos and songs can be download from their site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "259e00fc4286cfb7e9f678984510e0f7", "text": "Post-and-plank The method of building wooden buildings with a traditional timber frame with horizontal plank or log infill has many names , the most common of which are piece sur piece ( French . Also used to describe log building ) , corner post construction , post-and-plank , standerbohlenbau ( German ) and skiftesverk ( Swedish ) . This traditional building method is believed to be the predecessor to half-timber construction widely known by its German name fachwerkbau which has wall infill of wattle and daub , brick , or stone . This carpentry was used from parts of Scandinavia to Switzerland to western Russia . Though relatively rare now , two types are found in a number of regions in North America , more common are the walls with planks or timbers which slide in a groove in the posts and less common is a type where horizontal logs are tenoned into individual mortises in the posts . This method is not the same as the plank-frame buildings in North America with vertical plank walls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55132f8f61478fdc2267f22647de2733", "text": "Markwald A Markwald is an area of woodland that is jointly managed by several villages or towns . It is an historic term that is used in German-speaking Europe and roughly means `` common forest . '' The woods in a Markwald do not therefore belong to the territory ( Gemarkung ) of the individual villages , but were part of a joint territory , run by a co-operative , the so-called Markgenossenschaft . Even when a Markgenossenschaft is dissolved , the term Markwald often continues to be used today as the name of the woodland . Inhabitants of the surrounding municipalities , so long as they are part of the Markgenossenschaft , have the right to fell timber in the Markwald , to leave their cattle to graze in the forest ( e.g. droving or pannage ) and so on . Hunting rights were not included however . Members of the Markgenossenschaft have a percentage share in the woods , but no specific claim to ownership . They have the right of co-determination and the type of management to be carried out , is jointly agreed , on the advice of the forester responsible , at their annual general meetings . They can , for example , decide if and where plantations are established and whether wind generators may be built within the forest area . They also benefit for example if the income from timber sales or hunting licences exceeds the expenditure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcb2cdfa2d7530222b5f056d0f975c7", "text": "International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006 The International Tropical Timber Agreement ( ITTA , 2006 or ITTA3 ) is to `` promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests and to promote the sustainable management of tropical timber producing forests '' . It entered into force on 7 December 2011 and replaces the International Tropical Timber Agreement , 1994 . As of November 2016 , there are 73 parties to the agreement . Nigeria and Paraguay have signed the agreement but have not ratified it . Canada ratified the agreement in 2009 but has since denounced it .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0e80773e5dee077cc417c23b1f25965c", "text": "Maisie Williams Margaret Constance `` Maisie '' Williams ( born 15 April 1997 ) is an English actress . She made her professional acting debut as Arya Stark in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones in 2011 , for which she won the EWwy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama , the Portal Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Television and Best Young Actor , and the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor . In 2016 , she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . Williams has also had a recurring role in Doctor Who as Ashildr in 2015 . In addition to television , she made her feature film debut in the mystery The Falling ( 2014 ) , for which she won the London Film Critics ' Circle Award for Young Performer of the Year .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecd08ca4160cc411778149bb25f3c96", "text": "The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire . Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own . The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) . A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis . In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner . In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production . In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey . In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7b136bccc7dd00ff157c24e460c96c", "text": "Ellie Kendrick Eleanor Lucy V. `` Ellie '' Kendrick ( born 6 June 1990 ) is an English actress best known for playing Anne Frank in the BBC 's 2009 miniseries The Diary of Anne Frank , Ivy Morris in the first series of the 2010 revived Upstairs Downstairs , and Meera Reed in the HBO series Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b426e12d14bb772ebdd58f214d70717", "text": "Tuppence Middleton Tuppence Middleton ( born 21 February 1987 ) is an English actress . She was nominated for the London Evening Standard Film Awards 2010 for Most Promising Newcomer . Since 2015 , she portrays Riley Blue in the television series Sense8 . She has appeared in feature films such as Tormented ( 2009 ) , Chatroom ( 2010 ) , Cleanskin ( 2012 ) , Trance ( 2013 ) , The Lady Vanishes ( 2013 ) , The Imitation Game ( 2014 ) , and Jupiter Ascending ( 2015 ) , as well as in television series such as Bones ( 2008 ) , New Tricks ( 2010 ) , Friday Night Dinner ( 2011 ) , Sinbad ( 2012 ) , Spies of Warsaw ( 2013 ) , and Black Mirror ( 2013 ) , and Sense8 ( 2015 ) . She starred in two British period dramas screened around the same time , Dickensian ( 2015 -- 16 ) , playing Miss Havisham , and War & Peace ( 2016 ) , in which she played Russian princess and villain Hélène Kuragina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b01484a9013644ebbffd520f0e1ccc5c", "text": "The Heart, She Holler The Heart , She Holler is a live-action television series produced by PFFR for Adult Swim . The series , described as `` Southern Gothic drama '' and `` an inside-out blend of soap opera and politically incorrect surrealist comedy '' , is about the long-hidden and isolated son of the Heartshe dynasty -- played by Patton Oswalt -- returning to run the town and being locked in conflict with sisters Hurshe ( Kristen Schaal ) and Hambrosia ( Heather Lawless ) . The show premiered on November 6 , 2011 , for a six-episode first season . A 14-episode second season premiered on September 11 , 2013 , and a third season premiered in December 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6bc5ce3d82bff54517760db5fe9e08", "text": "Somewhere to Run Somewhere to Run is a 1989 British made-for-television film about teenage runaways . Directed by Carol Wiseman and written by Matthew Jacobs , it starred Robin Weaver and Vicky Murdock as two teenage girls who run away from home and find themselves on the streets of London . The film also starred Angela Pleasence and Michael Jayston . It was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network , and received its ITV debut on 11 July 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8267feaa9e7289d9d7bf1f3ae7d4d6fd", "text": "Siân Phillips Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips , DBE ( born 14 May 1933 ) , known professionally as Siân Phillips ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːn -RSB- ) , is a Welsh actress , author and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1caa3b46f3084351d13ee69f90fd9ca3", "text": "Powers, Principalities, Thrones and Dominions `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions ' '' is the nineteenth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on April 25 , 1997 . The episode was written by Ted Mann and Harold Rosenthal and directed by Thomas J. Wright . `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions '' featured guest appearances by Sarah-Jane Redmond and Richard Cox . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) is convinced to return to work after the death of a close friend . However , it soon becomes apparent that his first case back on the job is much deeper than he had expected . `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions '' features the final appearances in the series by both Bill Smitrovich and Robin Gammell . The episode has received mixed to positive reviews from critics , and was viewed by approximately 6.5 million households in its initial broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2ad766d1247609353997d14f9e69bf9", "text": "The Dragon's Call `` The Dragon 's Call '' is the first episode of the first series of the British fantasy-adventure family television series Merlin . Written by Julian Jones and directed by James Hawes , the episode was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 September 2008 . The episode tells the arrival of Merlin ( Colin Morgan ) as a young man in Camelot , where magic is banned by King Uther Pendragon ( Anthony Head ) . Taken under the wing of Camelot 's physician , Gaius ( Richard Wilson ) , he is warned that he must keep his innate magical ability a secret . In Camelot , he meets Uther 's heir , the arrogant Prince Arthur ( Bradley James ) , as well as Lady Morgana ( Katie McGrath ) and her handmaid , Guinevere ( Angel Coulby ) . As a witch ( Eve Myles ) plans revenge on the King 's heir for the execution of her son , Merlin is informed by a cryptic dragon ( John Hurt ) that his destiny is to protect Arthur . Merlin was conceived by Julian Murphy and Johnny Capps to be an origin story for the characters of the Arthurian legends , with family-centered entertainment . Young actors with little experience were cast as the four lead characters , while better-known actors were cast in supporting roles . Many of the scenes in Camelot were filmed in France , at the Château de Pierrefonds , while the rest was filmed in England and Wales . Special effects were done by The Mill , who had the task of creating the talking dragon . `` The Dragon 's Call '' was watched by 7.15 million viewers in the UK and 6.3 million in the US on NBC . Critical reception was mixed , with some feeling the show had promise but lacked imagination , and the actual plot of `` The Dragon 's Call '' was deemed slight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1857b19c0dc80f22ef8230b35ea57afc", "text": "Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States . The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' . According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74322777796564cd2fbfef4334be149", "text": "Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony ( born 9 October 1983 ) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640a5e6880eccc62540d732ff8f0e32d", "text": "Twelfth Night (1988 film) Twelfth Night , or , What You Will is a videotaped 1988 television adaptation of Kenneth Branagh 's stage production for the Renaissance Theatre Company of William Shakespeare 's Twelfth Night first broadcast in the UK by ITV on 30 December 1988 . Made by Thames Television , in collaboration with Renaissance , it stars Frances Barber as Viola and Richard Briers as Malvolio . The recording was shot on a single set with the appearance of a wintry garden . The costumes are Victorian , and the time of year is Christmas . Michael Brooke , in his piece for the BFI 's screenonline website , particularly commends Briers performance . His `` Malvolio is a delight , segueing seamlessly from self-righteous pomposity at inappropriate revelry to truly grotesque self-delusion as he proffers love to his mistress while clad in yellow stockings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f3c23169a1eec011855d32099bc2a33", "text": "Game of Thrones: Season 3 (soundtrack) The soundtrack album of the third season of HBO series Game of Thrones , titled Game of Thrones : Season 3 , was released digitally on June 4 , 2013 , and on CD on July 2 , 2013 . The album was composed by Ramin Djawadi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69d7bd7b1195669d0db6f4f3a2f5005e", "text": "Jessica Henwick Jessica Yu Li Henwick ( born 30 August 1992 ) is an English actress . She is the first actress of East Asian descent to play the lead role in a British television series , having starred in the children 's show Spirit Warriors . She is also known for her roles as Nymeria Sand in HBO series Game of Thrones , X-wing pilot Jessika Pava in the 2015 film Star Wars : The Force Awakens , and Colleen Wing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , making her debut in the Netflix television series Iron Fist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1c48c6f019553032a6cc4b3bf7147790", "text": "Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( -LSB- ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ -RSB- ; 7 October 1900 -- 23 May 1945 ) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( Protection Squadron ; SS ) , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Germany . Nazi leader Adolf Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement ( Home ) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ) . Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust . As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I , Himmler did not see active service . He studied agronomy in college , and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925 . In 1929 , he was appointed Reichsführer-SS by Hitler . Over the next 16 years , he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group , and , following Hitler 's orders , set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps . He was known to have good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates , such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931 . From 1943 onwards , he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior , overseeing all internal and external police and security forces , including the Gestapo ( Secret State Police ) . Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism , interpreting Germanic neopagan and Völkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany , and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS . On Hitler 's behalf , Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps . As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps , Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews , between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people , and other victims ; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people . Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens . Late in World War II , Hitler charged Himmler with the command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula ; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts . Realising that the war was lost , he attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler 's knowledge shortly before the war ended . Hearing of this , Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest . Himmler attempted to go into hiding , but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known . While in British custody , he committed suicide on 23 May 1945 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2e67faec14a3973d178a94c5642375db", "text": "Fortifications of the inner German border The fortifications of the inner German border comprised a complex system of interlocking fortifications and security zones 1381 km long and several kilometres deep , running from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia . The outer fences and walls were the most familiar and visible aspect of the system for Western visitors to the border zone , but they were merely the final obstacle for a would-be escapee from East Germany . The complexity of the border system increased steadily until it reached its full extent in the early 1980s . The following description and the accompanying diagram describe the border as it was around 1980 . Travelling notionally from east to west , an escapee would first reach the edge of the restricted zone ( Sperrzone ) , a closely controlled strip of land 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) wide , running parallel with the border . Evading the patrols and watchful inhabitants of the Sperrzone , the escapee would have reached the first of the border fences . The signal fence ( Signalzaun ) , around 500 to from the actual border , was lined with low-voltage electrified barbed wire which activated alarms when touched or cut . Beyond the signal fence was the `` protective strip '' ( Schutzstreifen ) . It was brightly lit by floodlights in many places to reduce an escapee 's chances of using the cover of darkness . Guard towers , bunkers and dog runs were positioned at frequent intervals to keep a round-the-clock watch over the strip . Crossing the Schutzstreifen , the escapee would next reach the floodlit control strip , often called the `` death strip '' in the West . Tripwire-activated flare launchers were situated at various points to help the border guards pinpoint the location of an escape attempt . The last and most formidable obstacle was the outer fencing . In some places there were multiple parallel rows of fences , each up to several metres high , with minefields in between . The fences were not electrified but were booby-trapped with directional anti-personnel mines at intervals of 10 m , each one of which was capable of killing at a range of up to 120 m. Finally , the escapee had to cross whatever natural obstacles were on the western side of the border fence as well as traversing a strip of cleared ground that was up to 500 meters ( 1640 ft ) wide . While crossing this outer strip , the escapee would appear in clear view and shooting range of the border guards before reaching the safety of West German territory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdcbffce2b4140a744874cfafe1553fe", "text": "Georg Escherich Georg Escherich ( born 4 January 1870 in Schwandorf - died 26 August 1941 in Munich ) was a German politician , representative of the Bavarian People 's Party . By profession he was a forester . In 1919 he became head of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehren , anti-communist home guard groups set up by General Ludwig Maercker . The following year Escherich organised his supporters into the ` Orgesch ' ( from ` Organisation Escherich ) , an anti-Semitic paramilitary group . This new group quickly established links with the Heimwehr in Austria and gave weapons to the units commanded by Richard Steidle and Walter Pfrimer . Escherich was a close ally of Rudolf Kanzler , the leader of ` Orka ' , who was also close to the Heimwehr . The Orgesch was disarmed and disbanded on the orders of the Allies in 1921 as part of wider moves against the private armies that had sprouted up in Germany since the armistice . He returned in 1928 by founding a Bavarian Heimatschutz , a name also used by the Styrian Heimwehr of his ally Pfrimer , although this group was less significant due to the growth on the right of militia such as the Sturmabteilung and the Stahlhelm , Bund der Frontsoldaten , and was disbanded in 1933 when Adolf Hitler took power .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d1b206b2bc4b9407b7baa192004c9", "text": "Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas . Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da30febe5afb7a2bf07155471b57ddc2", "text": "Heinrich Schmidt (politician) Heinrich Schmidt ( December 13 , 1902 -- December 20 , 1960 ) was a Nazi German politician and mayor of Hildesheim , Germany . He was also a member of the Prussian State Parliament and the National Socialist Reichstag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20363e7c38bcb90cfdfc98e503c1413c", "text": "National Socialist Party (Romania) The National Socialist Party ( formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania ; Romanian : Partidul Național-Socialist din România , PNSR ) or Steel Testudo ( Pavăza de Oțel ) was a mimetic Nazi political party , active in Romania during the early 1930s . It was led by Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu , the brother of Gheorghe Tătărescu ( twice Prime Minister of Romania during that interval ) , and existed around the newspaper Crez Nou . One of several far-right factions competing unsuccessfully against the Iron Guard for support , the group made little headway , and existed at times as a satellite of the National-Christian Defense League . The PNSR proposed a program of corporatism and statism , promising a basic income , full employment , and limits on capitalist profits . It was anticommunist generally , and in particular anti-Soviet , circulating the theory of Jewish Bolshevism while describing its own program as the alternative , `` positive '' , socialism . The party also claimed for itself the banner of Christianity , which it associated with calls for social reorganization and the expulsion or segregation of Romanian Jews . Its Germanophilia and antisemitism were supplemented by shows of support for the policies of King Carol II . The PNSR ' ideological stance , exotic in its Romanian context , found favor in Nazi Germany , notably from Alfred Rosenberg . Overall , the PNSR failed in its bid to establish a pan-fascist alliance in Romania , and , despite being nativist , functioned as a magnet for Transylvanian Saxons , Bessarabia Germans , and Russian émigrés . Tătărescu was received officially by his German patrons , who also provided the PNSR with funds , but eventually dropped by them for his unpopularity and alleged corruption . In late 1933 , under the antifascist Prime Minister Ion G. Duca , the party was repressed . Tătărescu exercised some influence over his brother 's government in 1934 , helping to steer the country away from its traditional alliances , but failed in his attempt to obtain arms deals for Germany . Disavowed by both its Nazi backers and Gheorghe Tătărescu , the party moderated its stances , then disappeared from the political scene in July 1934 . Its Saxon chapter , under Fritz Fabritius , reemerged as the German People 's Party the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e43665a0a25d05f4a79f91da1ecb4db4", "text": "Gestapo–NKVD conferences The Gestapo -- NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union , following their joint invasion of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet alliance . The meetings enabled both parties to pursue specific goals and aims as outlined independently by Hitler and Stalin , with regard to the acquired , formerly Polish territories . The conferences were held by the Gestapo and the NKVD officials in several Polish cities . In spite of their differences on other issues , both Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria had similar objectives as far as the fate of the prewar Poland was concerned . The attack on Poland ended with the Nazi -- Soviet victory parade in Brześć , which was held on 22 September 1939 . Brześć was the location of the first Nazi-Soviet meeting organized on 27 September 1939 , in which the prisoner exchange was decided prior to the signing of mutual agreements in Moscow a day later . In the following month , the Gestapo and the NKVD met in Lwów to discuss the fate of civilian populations during radical reorganization of the annexed territories . They met again in occupied Przemyśl at the end of November , because Przemyśl was a border crossing between the two invaders . The next series of meetings began in December 1939 , a month after the first transfer of Polish prisoners of war . The conferences were held in occupied Kraków in the General Government on 6 -- 7 December 1939 ; and continued for the next two days in the resort town of Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland ( 100 km from Kraków ) on 8 -- 9 December 1939 . The Zakopane Conference is the most remembered . From the Soviet side , several higher officers of the NKVD secret police participated in the meetings , while the German hosts provided a group of experts from the Gestapo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268da86e5666fd12dbded4a78f4354c5", "text": "Deutschlandlied The `` Deutschlandlied '' ( English : `` Song of Germany '' , -LSB- ˈdɔʏtʃlantˌliːt -RSB- ; also known as `` Das Lied der Deutschen '' or `` The Song of the Germans '' ) , or part of it , has been the national anthem of Germany since 1922 , except in East Germany , whose anthem was `` Auferstanden aus Ruinen '' ( `` Risen from Ruins '' ) from 1949 to 1990 . Since World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany , only the third stanza has been used as the national anthem . The stanza 's beginning , '' '' ( `` Unity and Justice and Freedom '' ) is considered the unofficial national motto of Germany , and is inscribed on modern German Army belt buckles and the rims of some German coins . The music was written by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn in 1797 as an anthem for the birthday of Francis II , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of Austria , using a tune from a Croat peasant song and on a text beginning with `` Gott erhalte Franz , den Kaiser '' ( God save emperor Franz ) . In 1841 , the German linguist and poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics of '' '' as a new text for that music , counterposing the national unification of Germany to the eulogy of a monarch , lyrics that were considered revolutionary at the time . The song is also well known by the beginning and refrain of the first stanza , `` Deutschland , Deutschland über alles '' ( `` Germany , Germany above all else '' ) , but this has never been its title . The line `` Germany , Germany above all else '' meant that the most important goal of 19th-century German liberal revolutionaries should be a unified Germany which would overcome loyalties to the local kingdoms , principalities , duchies , and palatines ( Kleinstaaterei ) of then-fragmented Germany . Along with the flag of Germany , it was one of the symbols of the March Revolution of 1848 . In order to endorse its republican and liberal tradition , the song was chosen as the national anthem of Germany in 1922 , during the Weimar Republic . West Germany adopted the '' '' as its official national anthem in 1952 for similar reasons , with only the third stanza sung on official occasions . Upon German reunification in 1990 , only the third stanza was confirmed as the national anthem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d5eac3d349e6320cbb211a9e0034fc2", "text": "Hans Refior Hans Refior was an officer in the German Army during World War II . Refior was on the staff of the last two German commanders of the `` Berlin Defense Area '' during the final assault by Soviet forces on the city of Berlin . On 18 March 1945 , Colonel Refior became the Chief of Staff for Lieutenant General ( Generalleutnant ) Helmuth Reymann during the Battle for Berlin . Reymann was named the commander of the Berlin Defense Area on 6 March . From the beginning , it was clear to Refior that Reymann 's predecessor , General Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild , had left them nothing . By early April , Refior and Reymann confirmed to themselves that Berlin had no chance of holding out with the forces at their disposal . They recommended to Joseph Goebbels , the Minister of Propaganda , that civilians be allowed to leave . Refior and Reyman indicated that this was especially important for the women and children . Goebbels ' feeble response made it clear to Refior and Reymann that he had never considered nor had he any idea of the logistics required for such a mass evacuation . To determine how many soldiers and weapons could be counted on , Refior and Reymann attempted to make an accounting of what was available to them in the `` Berlin Defense Area '' . They soon discovered that the title `` Berlin Defense Area '' carried no significance . `` Berlin Defense Area '' was just another phrase , like `` Fortress '' ( Festung ) , coined by German dictator Adolf Hitler . Attempts by Refior to coordinate the defences with the field commanders of the surrounding areas of Berlin were not successful . On 23 April , Hitler replaced Reymann with General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling as the commander of the Berlin Defense Area . Weidling kept Refior and made him his `` civil '' Chief-of-Staff . Early on the morning of 26 April , Refior was awoken from a brief sleep in Weidling 's headquarters , the Bendlerblock . What woke him was a rapid sequence of ranging artillery shells ( what the Soviets called `` framing '' ) . Refior noted that these were `` old frontline hares '' . He knew from experience that these were the `` greeting '' before a salvo of katyusha rockets . Weidling remained in command of Berlin 's defences to the end . On 2 May General Weidling , Theodor von Dufving , Weidling 's `` military '' Chief-of-Staff , and other members of Weidling 's staff which included Refior , ultimately surrendered the city to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0666dbfb7d6752ca3f25541fab7bdb1", "text": "Otto Hellmuth Otto Hellmuth ( July 22 , 1896 -- April 20 , 1968 ) was a member of the Nazi Party . Born at Markt Einersheim , he was Gauleiter of the German region of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken ) from 1928 to 1945 . His home and office were in Würzburg , the capital of the Gau Mainfranken . By 1935 , Hellmuth had his Gau renamed as Mainfranken . After World War II , the region 's original name was reinstated . He entered service as a Kriegsfreiwilliger , assigned successively to 9 . Bayerisches Infanterie-Regiment , 4 . Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment , and 8 . Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment . He was wounded in action four times during World War I . He returned to Germany in October , 1918 after being severely gassed . In 1928 , Hellmuth became Gauleiter of Lower Franconia . Three weeks before the first nationwide anti-Jewish boycott began in 1933 , Hellmuth already forced the closing of Jewish-owned stores and offices in Würzburg . As a private residence , he acquired the house of a Jewish pharmacist . When the Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of Mainfranken paid Passau a formal visit , with a delegation of activists , Margarethe Schneider-Reichel presented them with a painting of Hellmuth . Over most of his term , Hellmuth was not an impressive personality . Joseph Goebbels saw him as `` a most retiring unassuming Gauleiter in whom one had not too much confidence . '' However , Hellmuth defended his Gau vigorously in the spring of 1945 , as Goebbels noted in his diary on April 2 . In 1947 , Hellmuth was accused of complicity in the murders of Allied aircraft pilots . He was tried at Dachau and sentenced to death . This sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment . He was released in 1955 . Hellmuth killed himself on April 20 , 1968 in Reutlingen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea0b155ad456aa931d5fd92fbc5f127", "text": "Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism . The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims . The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions . The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation . The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement . Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic . One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666eb2bcc8ad55d6f4a3c50f754b7c0d", "text": "Karl Herzog __ NOTOC __ Karl Herzog ( 6 July 1906 -- 25 January 1998 ) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross . Herzog surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet April 1945 Zemland Offensive . Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union , he was held until 1955 . Herzog joined the Bundeswehr in 1957 and retired in 1966 as a Generalmajor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8992ff9b2c9cc1c628a6b1447404e41", "text": "German resistance to Nazism German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime . The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch Resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Save for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup . Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Court and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified `` tens of thousands '' in concentration camps who were either suspected or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was `` resistance without the people '' and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7afff9ce92958bbea067cfb42689658f", "text": "Operation Clausewitz Operation Clausewitz was the codeword initiation of the defence of Berlin plan by Nazi Germany during the final stage of the European conflict of World War II , the Battle of Berlin . Clausewitz was established in the 9 March 1945 document , Basic Order for the Preparations for the Defense of the Reich Capital ( Grundsätzlicher Befehl für die Vorbereitungen zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt ) , a 33 page document containing 24 separate points . The second point of the document , in full ( translated ) is : `` The Reich capital will be defended to the last man and to the last bullet . '' It has been referred to as the Nazis ' last stand against the Soviets . The document divided the city of Berlin into 9 operational defense zones ( A through H , as slices of the outer city of Berlin and Z , its center , corresponding to the government district ) . It further divided the region into four concentric rings : an outer exclusion zone , extending well past Berlin 's city limits ; an outer defense zone extending roughly to the city limits ; an inner defense zone extending out to the Berlin Ringbahn ; and the Citadel ( Zitadelle ) , again , zone Z . In addition to the establishment of defense zones , this document also described the overall mechanism by which Berlin would be converted to a front line city . This included : The evacuation of all Wehrmacht and SS offices in Berlin Evacuation of the central command post of the capital from General Command on Hohenzollerndamm to L-Tower of the Zoo bunker no more than six hours after the issuance of Clausewitz The imposition of martial law for the civilian populace , and offenses under which the death penalty was authorized Hitler ordered the execution of Fall Clausewitz on 20 April 1945 . This set into motion preparedness according to the Basic Order plan , and would have been followed later by the codeword Kolberg meaning full preparedness should be completed and the battle has started .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eae4db85bcdd84d5ae290ee14ba68243", "text": "Emanuel Hirsch Emanuel Hirsch ( June 14 , 1888 , Bentwisch , Province of Brandenburg - July 17 , 1972 , Göttingen ) was a German Protestant theologian and also a member of the Nazi Party and the Nazi supporting body . He escaped denazification at the end of the war by obtaining an early medical retirement and pension from his University . Hirsch studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin where his teachers were Karl Holl and Adolf von Harnack . He earned his PhD with the thesis Fichte 's Philosophy of Religion in the context of his overall philosophical development ( in German : Fichtes Religionsphilosophie im Rahmen der philosophischen Gesamtentwicklung Fichtes ) . Hirsch was a member of the Wingolf student fraternity . He was a professor at Göttingen University ( 1921-1945 ) . Shortly after the Nazi seizure of power he wrote : `` No other people of the world has a statesman who is so serious about Christendom ; when Adolf Hitler concluded his great speech on May 1st with a prayer everybody could feel the wonderful candor therein . '' In 1933 Hirsch signed the Loyalty Oath of German Professors to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State . Emanuel Hirsch joined the NSDAP in 1937 and also became a Patron Member of the SS and joined the National Socialist People 's Welfare . Hirsch was a leader of the German Christians and an advisor of Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e9504cfce0b03dee2a005584244e5f", "text": "Heimwehr The Heimwehr ( -LSB- ˈhaɪmˌveːɐ̯ -RSB- , Home Guard ) or sometimes Heimatschutz ( -LSB- ˈhaɪmatˌʃʊts -RSB- , Homeland Protection ) were a nationalist , initially paramilitary group operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s ; they were similar in methods , organisation , and ideology to Germany 's Freikorps . Although opposed to parliamentary democracy , the Heimwehr maintained a political wing known as the Heimatblock , which cooperated with Engelbert Dollfuss ' conservative government . In 1936 , the Heimwehr was absorbed into the Fatherland Front by decree of Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg and replaced by a militia supposedly less inclined towards uproar against the regime , the Frontmiliz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef35041cbc300f067b82ccd6163ca406", "text": "Final Solution The Final Solution ( Endlösung ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question ( die Endlösung der Judenfrage , -LSB- diː ˈɛntˌløːzʊŋ deːɐ̯ ˈjuːdn̩ˌfʁaːɡə -RSB- ) was a Nazi plan for the extermination of the Jews during World War II . The `` Final Solution of the Jewish Question '' was the Nazi code name for the plan to murder all Jews within reach , and was not limited to the European continent . This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide started across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geo-political terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin , and culminated in the Holocaust which saw the killing of 90 percent of Jewish Poles , and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe . The nature and timing of the decisions that led to the Final Solution is an intensely studied and debated aspect of the Holocaust . The program evolved during the first 25 months of war leading to the attempt at `` murdering every last Jew in the German grasp . '' Most historians agree , wrote Christopher Browning , that the Final Solution can not be attributed to a single decision made at one particular point in time . `` It is generally accepted the decision-making process was prolonged and incremental . '' In 1940 , following the Fall of France , the Madagascar Plan was devised by Adolf Eichmann in order to relocate Europe 's Jewish population to the French colony ; but the plan was abandoned for logistical reasons mainly due to a naval blockade . There were also preliminary plans to deport Jews to Palestine and Siberia . In 1941 , wrote Raul Hilberg , in the first phase of the mass murder of Jews , the mobile killing units began to pursue their victims across occupied eastern territories ; in the second phase , stretching across all of German-occupied Europe , the Jewish victims were sent on death trains to centralized extermination camps built for the purpose of systematic implementation of the Final Solution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c13a743baa0b9c3be08e992eff5f00a", "text": "6th SS-Standarte The 6th SS-Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine-SS situated in the city of Berlin . As the command was located in the capital of Germany , the 6th Standarte was considered one of the more important SS units in Nazi Germany . The members of the Standarte themselves , however , were non-paid mustering troops of the `` General-SS '' as was the practice for most Allgemeine-SS regiments . The Standarte was first formed in October 1931 and was part of the so-called `` Northern SS '' under the control of Kurt Daluege . At the time , there was a divisional disunity in the SS , with SS units in southern Germany controlled by Heinrich Himmler and the northern units answering to Daluege . It was not until 1934 , after most of the SS headquarters offices had relocated to Berlin , that this division was eventually done away with . During Reichstag elections of 1931 , the 6th SS Standarte played a significant role in campaigning for the Nazi Party and repeated the effort again when Adolf Hitler ran for the office of President of Germany in 1932 . One early member of the Standarte , who would later become the Reichsführer-SS was Karl Hanke . After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 , the 6th SS-Standarte adopted the honor title of `` Charlottenburg '' and often participated in several major Nazi Party rallies held in the German capitol . A year later , during the Night of the Long Knives , the Standarte played a major role in rounding up the Sturmabteilung leadership in Berlin , although most SA executions were carried out by SD troops and Gestapo agents . One of the most notorious actions that the 6th SS-Standarte engaged in was `` Kristallnacht '' where Berlin SS men sought out and destroyed numerous Jewish synagogues and businesses . Shortly afterwards , the Standarte was granted a second honor title as `` 6 SS-Standarte Eduard Felsen '' . When World War II began in 1939 , the Berlin SS regiment slowly began losing its members to regular military service , since mustering Allgemeine-SS personnel were not exempt from conscription . The Standarte was still participating in ceremonial functions as late as 1944 , however , and in the last year of the war many of the remaining members became involved with the Volksturm and participated in the Battle of Berlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d52d5511fd8785275f665389a0716d80", "text": "Emanuel Schäfer Emanuel Schäfer ( April 20 , 1900 -- December 4 , 1974 ) was a high-ranking SS functionary ( SS-Oberführer ) and a protégé of Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany . Born in 1900 , Schäfer served in World War I. Post-war , he participated in far-right Freikorps groups such as the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and from 1925 -- 28 , the Stahlhelm ( Steel Helmet ) . Schäfer joined the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1933 . He was an active member of the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ) , the SS security service , in 1933 , and entered the SS in September 1936 . During World War II , Schäfer was head of the Nazi security police in Serbia . Between January and May 1942 , Schäfer supervised the murder by gassing of around 7,300 Jews from the Semlin camp across the Sava river from Belgrade . A Saurer gas van was used to kill the 7,300 . A further 1200 Jews died as a result of the camp 's harsh conditions , or from executions . The van was used for the last time on 10th May 1942 . In May 1942 , Schäfer sent a cable to the Reich Main Security Office boasting `` with pride '' that `` Belgrade was the only great city in Europe that was free of Jews . '' In Germany after the war , Schäfer was sentenced to six and a half years in prison for his crimes during the war . He died in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0efc46e38d88a301aa23e9972cbde6", "text": "List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army The German trained divisions were the elite of the infantry divisions in the Chiang Kai-Shek 's National Revolutionary Army ( NRA ) trained under Sino-German cooperation until 1941 . These divisions were active in the Chinese Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War . In 1927 , after the dissolution of the First United Front between the Nationalists and the Communists , the ruling Kuomintang ( KMT , or the Chinese Nationalist Party ) purged its leftist members and largely eliminated Soviet influence from its ranks . Chiang Kai-shek then turned to Germany , historically a great military power , for the reorganisation and modernisation of the NRA . The Weimar Republic sent advisors to China , but because of the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles , they could not serve in military capacities . Chiang initially requested famous generals such as Ludendorff and von Mackensen as advisors - the Weimar Republic turned him down , fearing that they were too famous , would invite the ire of the Allies , and would result in the loss of national prestige for such renowned figures to work , essentially , as mercenaries . When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and disregarded the Treaty , the anti-communist NSDAP ( the Nazi Party ) and the anti-communist KMT were soon engaged in cooperation with Germany training Chinese troops and expanding Chinese infrastructure , while China opened its markets and natural resources to Germany . Max Bauer was the first advisor to China . In 1934 General Hans von Seeckt , acting as advisor to Chiang , proposed a `` 80 Division Plan '' for reforming the entire Chinese army into 80 divisions of highly trained , well-equipped troops organised along German lines . The plan was never fully realised , as the vying warlords could not agree upon the reorganisationed division organization and the disbanding of the others . By July 1937 only 8 infantry divisions had completed reorganisation and training . These were the 3rd , 6th , 9th , 14th , 36th , 87th , 88th , and the Training Division . Another 12 divisions equipped with Chinese arms on the reorganized model with German advisors had some training by the time the Second Sino-Japanese War started in July 1937 . These Divisions were the 2nd , 4th , 10th , 11th , 25th , 27th , 57th , 67th , 80th , 83rd , 89th Infantry Divisions . Reorganized Division organization Division headquarters troops : 1 Artillery battalion : 3 Artillery companies ( 12 x 75 millimeter mountain artillery guns in batteries of 4 ) 1 Anti Tank artillery company ( 4 x 37mm AT gun ) 1 Anti-aircraft gun company ( 4 x 20mm anti-aircraft guns ) 1 Military Engineer Battalion 1 Signal battalion 2 Wire communications companies 1 Wireless correspondence platoon 1 Heavy Transport Battalion 1 Special duty Battalion ( Special Operations Battalion ) 1 medical team ( usually is a Division hospital ) 2 Infantry Brigades of : each with 2 infantry regiments , Each Regiment consisted of : Regimental headquarters troops : 1 Mortar company ( 6 x 81 millimeter mortars ) 1 Small artillery company ( 6 x 20 millimeter autocannon ) 1 Communications company 1 Regimental recon company 3 infantry battalions each of : Infantry battalion headquarters troops : 1 heavy Machinegun company ( 6 heavy machine guns , 2 x 82 millimeter mortars ) 3 Infantry companies of : 3 rifle platoons of 3 squads ( each of 1 light machine gun , 10 rifles ) Each Division was to have two Home Regiments to provide trained Infantry replacements . The strength of this Division was to be approximately 14,000 men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ec82340ccb687b6151b66f79fbc715", "text": "Himmler (surname) Himmler is a German surname . Notable people with the surname include : Ernst Hermann Himmler ( 1905 -- 1945 ) , German Nazi functionary and younger brother of Heinrich Himmler Gebhard Ludwig Himmler ( 1898 -- 1989 ) , German Nazi functionary and older brother of Heinrich Himmler Gudrun Burwitz , née Himmler ( born 1929 ) , daughter of Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler ( 1900 -- 1945 ) , Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( SS ) , a military commander , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Nazi Germany Katrin Himmler ( born 1967 ) , a German author , the granddaughter of Ernst Hermann Himmler , great-niece of Heinrich Himmler Margarete Himmler ( 1893 -- 1967 ) , wife of Heinrich Himmler", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c5e479597257631dd5f8c26deb9be017", "text": "William McKinley William McKinley Jr. ( January 29 , 1843 -- September 14 , 1901 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States from March 4 , 1897 until his assassination in September 1901 , six months into his second term . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War , and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier , beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major . After the war , he settled in Canton , Ohio , where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton . In 1876 , he was elected to Congress , where he became the Republican Party 's expert on the protective tariff , which he promised would bring prosperity . His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial ; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office , led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890 . He was elected Ohio 's governor in 1891 and 1893 , steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests . With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna , he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 , amid a deep economic depression . He defeated his Democratic rival , William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' ( the gold standard unless altered by international agreement ) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity . Rapid economic growth marked McKinley 's presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation into the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but at that time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . Historians regard McKinley 's 1896 victory as a realigning election , in which the political stalemate of the post -- Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System , which began with the Progressive Era . McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . However , his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on September 6 , 1901 by Leon Czolgosz , a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings ; McKinley died eight days later , and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally considered above average , though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6f63689b34b2fc9c6b98c7d887da3a8", "text": "Whitelaw Reid Whitelaw Reid ( October 27 , 1837 -- December 15 , 1912 ) was an American politician and newspaper editor , as well as the author of a popular history of Ohio in the Civil War . After assisting Horace Greeley as editor of the powerful Republican newspaper , the New York Tribune , Reid purchased the paper after Greeley 's death in 1872 and controlled it until his own death . The circulation grew to about 60,000 a day , but the weekly edition became less important . He invested heavily in new technology , such as the Hoe rotary printing press and the linotype machine , but bitterly fought against the unionized workers for control of his shop . As a famous voice of the Republican Party , he was honored with appointments as ambassador to France and Great Britain , as well as numerous other honorific positions . Reid served as the party 's nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 1892 election . In 1898 , President William McKinley appointed him to the American commission that negotiated peace with Spain after the Spanish -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357c4f9ea0a160bd617676217e25c73a", "text": "William Howard Taft III William Howard Taft III ( August 7 , 1915 -- February 23 , 1991 ) was an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1953 to 1957 , and was a grandson of President William Howard Taft and First Lady Helen Louise `` Nellie '' Taft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c01fe8365c2f50fc9253bf21c38fdc", "text": "Chuck McKinley Charles Robert `` Chuck '' McKinley , Jr. ( January 5 , 1941 -- August 10 , 1986 ) was an American former World No. 1 men 's amateur tennis champion of the 1960s . He is remembered as an undersized , hard working dynamo , whose relentless effort and competitive spirit led American tennis to the top of the sport during a period heavily dominated by Australians . McKinley won the 1963 Men 's Singles Championship at Wimbledon , and as a result was ranked World No. 1 by some journalists . He paired with his college rival , Dennis Ralston , to win the 1963 Davis Cup , the only interruption in eight unbroken years of Australian dominance . He also paired with Ralston to win the U.S. Men 's Doubles championships three times , in 1961 , 1963 , and 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17bb3d33baa3a4e48b9a37a028899fc6", "text": "William Swift William Swift ( March 17 , 1848 -- June 30 , 1919 ) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy , and briefly the Naval Governor of Guam in 1901 . He was court-martialed in 1907 for the grounding of the battleship , and briefly suspended from duty . In 1910 , he headed the aptly named Swift Board which reorganized the Department of the Navy prior to World War I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c384cd6d429583d39b9286328004f43", "text": "Fort McKinley Fort McKinley may refer to : Fort William McKinley ( Philippine Islands ) Fort McKinley ( Maine ) Fort McKinley , Ohio", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1ef26d1adac19ba0aa3f8244b87930", "text": "United States presidential election in New Hampshire, 1900 The 1900 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 6 , 1900 throughout 45 states . Voters chose four representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New Hampshire overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , President William McKinley , over the Democratic nominee , former U.S. Representative and 1896 Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan . McKinley won New Hampshire by a margin of 20.91 % in this rematch of the 1896 presidential election . The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the Spanish -- American War helped McKinley to score a decisive victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07ca56e75b1ace354098839a5810621", "text": "Texas annexation The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America , which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29 , 1845 . The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2 , 1836 . At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States . The leadership of both major American political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave-holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro- and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress . Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province . With Texas 's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s , the President of the Texas Republic , Sam Houston , arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence , with Great Britain mediating . In 1843 , U.S. President John Tyler , unaligned with any political party , decided independently to pursue the annexation of Texas in a bid to gain a base of popular support for another four years in office . His official motivation was to outmaneuver suspected diplomatic efforts by the British government for emancipation of slaves in Texas , which would undermine slavery in the United States . Through secret negotiations with the Houston administration , Tyler secured a treaty of annexation in April 1844 . When the documents were submitted to the US Senate for ratification , the details of the terms of annexation became public and the question of acquiring Texas took center stage in the presidential election of 1844 . Pro-Texas-annexation southern Democratic delegates denied their anti-annexation leader Martin Van Buren the nomination at their party 's convention in May 1844 . In alliance with pro-expansion northern Democratic colleagues , they secured the nomination of James K. Polk , who ran on a pro-Texas Manifest Destiny platform . In June 1844 , the Senate , with its Whig majority , soundly rejected the Tyler -- Texas treaty . The pro-annexation Democrat Polk narrowly defeated anti-annexation Whig Henry Clay in the November 1844 presidential election . In December 1844 , lame-duck President Tyler called on Congress to pass his treaty by simple majorities in each house . The Democratic-dominated House of Representatives complied with his request by passing an amended bill expanding on the pro-slavery provisions of the Tyler treaty . The Senate narrowly passed a compromise version of the House bill ( by the vote of the minority Democrats and several southern Whigs ) , designed to provide the incoming President-elect Polk the options of immediate annexation of Texas or new talks to revise the annexation terms of the House-amended bill . On March 1 , 1845 , President Tyler signed the annexation bill , and on March 3 ( his last day in office ) , he forwarded the House version to Texas , offering immediate annexation ( which preempted Polk ) . When Polk took office the next day , he encouraged Texas to accept the Tyler offer . Texas ratified the agreement with popular approval from Texans . The bill was signed by Polk on December 29 , 1845 , accepting Texas as the 28th state of the Union . Texas formally relinquished its sovereignty to the United States on February 19 , 1846 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf899940b5b4e5c00ccec8e14dfbd99f", "text": "List of Presidents of the United States who were Freemasons Of the 44 people who have been President of the United States , roughly one-third ( 14 , or by some counts 15 * ) were Freemasons . Along with the presidents listed below , Lyndon Johnson had been initiated into the 1st Degree of Freemasonry ( an `` Entered Apprentice '' ) but did not advance any further and did not become a full member of his lodge , Ronald Reagan was made an honorary Freemason , and Bill Clinton as a youth was a member of the Order of DeMolay . * - Because of LBJ 's initiation into the fraternal organization , many lists of Freemason Presidents include him , with a total of 15 . ( It can also be noted that some historians state that David Rice Atchison , member of Platte Lodge No. 56 , Mo , served as `` Ex-officio president '' for one day : March 4 , 1849 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0c6215fafed8619258aeedfc116f8cc", "text": "United States elections, 1870 The 1870 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant 's first term , during the Third Party System . Members of the 42nd United States Congress were chosen in this election . The election took place during the Reconstruction Era , and many Southerners were barred from voting . It was also the first election after the passage of the 15th Amendment , which prohibits state and federal governments from denying the right to vote on the basis of race , color , or previous condition of servitude ( although disenfranchisement would continue ) . The Republican Party maintained a majority in both houses of Congress , although Democrats picked up several seats in both chambers . In the House , Democrats won major gains , but Republicans retained a solid majority . In the Senate , Democrats won moderate gains , but Republicans retained a commanding majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348074346c57c092353893f19ed4549b", "text": "Philippines–United States relations Philippines -- United States relations ( Filipino : Ugnayang Pilipinas at Estados Unidos ) are bilateral relations between the United States of America and its former colony , the Republic of the Philippines . The relationship between the United States and the Philippines has historically been strong and has been described as a Special Relationship . The current Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte , however , is supportive of a foreign policy that is less dependent on the United States , favoring one that prioritizes closer relations with China instead . The Philippines is one of the oldest Asian partners of the U.S. and a strategically major non-NATO ally . The United States was consistently ranked as one of the Philippines ' favorite nations in the world , with 90 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91 % viewing Americans favorably in 2002 , 90 % of Filipinos viewing U.S. influence positively in 2011 , 85 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and Americans favorably in 2013 , and 92 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. favorably in 2015 , and 89 % having confidence in United States president , Barack Obama in 2014 , making the Philippines the most pro-American country in the world . On October 20 , 2016 , the President of the Philippines announced a `` separation '' from the US , both militarily and economically , in favor of alliances with China and Russia . This article discusses Philippine -- American relations after Philippine independence from the United States in 1946 , while the article History of the Philippines ( 1898 -- 1946 ) describes the history of the Philippines during American colonial rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9228c7b0c6f9d4a26462eeeb6326842", "text": "1893 State of the Union Address The 1893 State of the Union Address was written on December 4 , 1893 , by Grover Cleveland , the 24th United States President , to both houses of Congress . It was his fifth address , and his fifth year in office . He said , `` It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain , and that thereby the necessity of enforced deportation may to a great degree be avoided . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d28e8f31983c2846cf8c7550324c9d4a", "text": "Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ( -LSB- eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do -RSB- ; Emilio Famy Aguinaldo , Sr. : March 22 , 1869 -- February 6 , 1964 ) was a Filipino revolutionary , politician , and a military leader who is officially recognized as the First President of the Philippines ( 1899 -- 1901 ) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia . He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution ( 1896 -- 1898 ) , and then in the Spanish -- American War ( 1898 ) , and finally against the United States during the Philippine -- American War ( 1899 -- 1901 ) . He was captured in Palanan , Isabela by American forces on March 23 , 1901 , which brought an end to his presidency . In 1935 , Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president of the Philippine Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon . After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941 , he cooperated with the new rulers , even making a radio appeal for the surrender of the American and Filipino forces on Bataan . He was arrested as a collaborator after the Americans returned but was later freed in a general amnesty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25bb80ccdcee0169d042e41debcd08ae", "text": "1917 State of the Union Address The 1917 State of the Union Address was given by Woodrow Wilson , the 28th President of the United States on December 4 , 1917 , during his turbulent second term . He spoke in the United States House of Representatives , in the United States Capitol . He said , `` I shall not go back to debate the causes of the war . The intolerable wrongs done and planned against us by the sinister masters of Germany have long since become too grossly obvious and odious to every true American to need to be rehearsed . '' He addressed the 65th United States Congress , and spoke of World War I . He ended with , `` A supreme moment of history has come . The eyes of the people have been opened and they see . The hand of God is laid upon the nations . He will show them favor , I devoutly believe , only if they rise to the clear heights of His own justice and mercy . '' In the middle of the speech , he said this about the German Empire , `` The worst that can happen to the detriment the German people is this , that if they should still , after the war is over , continue to be obliged to live under ambitious and intriguing masters interested to disturb the peace of the world , men or classes of men whom the other peoples of the world could not trust , it might be impossible to admit them to the partnership of nations which must henceforth guarantee the world 's peace . '' He is saying that empires ' do not promote world peace . A year after he gave this speech , on December 4 , 1918 , the United States military would swallow Germany in victory , and the saying that is written would come true , `` Death has been swallowed up in victory . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69855537935a9447d64adafb91fa5efb", "text": "Taft Commission The Taft Commission , also known as Second Philippine Commission ( Filipino : Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas ) was established by United States President William McKinley on March 16 , 1900 following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission . The Second Commission was at first the sole legislative body of the Philippines , then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States , while still under the Philippine -- American War . After the passage of the Philippine Organic Act in 1902 , the Commission functioned as a House of bicameral legislature until it was supplanted in 1916 by an elected legislature established in 1916 by the Philippine Autonomy Act . William Howard Taft was the first head of the Philippine Commission , a post he filled between March 16 , 1900 and July 4 , 1901 , after which the commission head also became the Civil Governor of the Philippines . He held the post until January 31 , 1904 after he was appointed as the Secretary of War by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt . The Philippine Commission was subsequently headed by a number of persons , but is often mentioned informally and collectively as the `` Taft Commission '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7dd8067e60c9192d1e1e9c1252660f56", "text": "Ryan O'Neal Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal ( born April 20 , 1941 ) , known professionally as Ryan O'Neal , is an American actor and former boxer . O'Neal trained as an amateur boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960 . In 1964 , he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place . The series was an instant hit and boosted O'Neal 's career . He later found success in films , most notably Love Story ( 1970 ) , for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor , What 's Up , Doc ? ( 1972 ) , Paper Moon ( 1973 ) , Stanley Kubrick 's Barry Lyndon ( 1975 ) , and A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) . Since 2007 , he has had a recurring role in the TV series Bones as Max , the father of the series ' protagonist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7149622cb930544e0f999c4d8e25e910", "text": "Toshiaki Nishioka is a Japanese former professional boxer who competed from 1994 to 2012 . He held the WBC super bantamweight title from 2008 to 2012 , and challenged for the lineal super bantamweight title in his final fight . Nishioka is known for his series fights against Veeraphol Nakonluang-Promotion , with two of their four encounters ending in draws . Unlike many of Japan 's other world champions , Nishioka willingly fought outside of his own country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48afabf7434f10030ffdaf11ae9a74b3", "text": "Ryan Wilson (wrestler) Ryan Wilson is an American retired professional wrestler who formerly worked for World Wrestling Entertainment in the Ohio Valley Wrestling developmental promotion as Jacob Duncan where he was a former OVW Heavyweight Champion . He is best known for his appearances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , where he was known by his ring name Trytan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b11772c9884d1e1c1ee964614e36051", "text": "Roberto Durán Roberto Durán Samaniego ( born June 16 , 1951 ) is a Panamanian former professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 2001 . Widely regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time , Durán was a versatile brawler and in-fighter in the ring , which earned him the nickname of `` Manos de Piedra '' ( `` Hands of Stone '' ) for his devastating punching power . He is a four-weight world champion , having held titles at lightweight ( 1972 -- 1979 ) , welterweight ( 1980 ) , light middleweight ( 1983 -- 1984 ) , and middleweight ( 1989 ) , as well as reigns as the undisputed and lineal lightweight champion ( 1978 -- 1979 ) , and the lineal welterweight champion ( 1980 ) . He is also the second boxer to have competed over a span of five decades , the first being Jack Johnson . In 2002 , Durán was voted by The Ring magazine as the fifth greatest fighter of the last 80 years , while boxing historian Bert Sugar rated him as the eighth greatest fighter of all time . The Associated Press voted him as the best lightweight of the 20th century , with many considering him the greatest lightweight of all time . Durán finally retired in January 2002 at age 50 ( having previously retired in 1998 ) following a bad car crash in October 2001 , with an epic professional record of 119 fights , 103 wins , and 70 knockouts . Up until his fight with Wilfred Benítez in 1982 , he was trained by legendary boxing trainer Ray Arcel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a070da65efc6f467678563ca63774ddb", "text": "Team Hammer House Team Hammer House is a mixed martial arts team operating out of Columbus , Ohio , made up of mostly former NCAA wrestlers . While Hammer House focuses on amateur wrestling they do have cross training deals with notable fighters and camps such as Matt Serra , Pat Miletich and Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts . Founded by former UFC champion Mark Coleman , Team Hammer House has attracted such mixed martial arts fighters as Kevin Randleman and Phil Baroni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcd616c3685d6e218a78b1452138894d", "text": "Jeff Hougland Jefferey Ryan Hougland ( born August 2 , 1978 ) is an American mixed martial artist , who is perhaps best known for his three fight stint in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e97907b744f71befc9e8ea5c04766b5", "text": "Tim Means Timothy Carl `` Tim '' Means ( born February 20 , 1984 ) is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship . A professional competitor since 2004 , Means has also formerly competed for King of the Cage and Legacy FC . Means is the former King of the Cage Lightweight Champion and the former King of the Cage Junior Welterweight Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e4ca4ef80c2d71713352539b53de756", "text": "Anthony Morrison Anthony Morrison ( born March 29 , 1984 ) is an American professional mixed martial artist . Anthony Morrison formerly competed in the Featherweight division of Bellator MMA . A professional competitor since 2004 , Morrison has also formerly competed for the WEC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9653966b79f4045a2446be42dcbf38eb", "text": "UFC Fight Night 6 UFC Fight Night : Sanchez vs. Parisyan ( also known as UFC Fight Night 6 ) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 17 , 2006 . The event took place at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada , and was broadcast live on Spike TV in the United States and Canada . It acted as a lead-in to the season four premiere of The Ultimate Fighter . The two-hour broadcast of UFC Fight Night 6 on Spike TV drew a 1.5 overall rating . The main event of the evening -- a welterweight bout between The Ultimate Fighter superstar Diego Sanchez and former title contender Karo Parisyan -- was given heightened interest , as the winner of the bout was rumored to designate the next challenger for the UFC welterweight championship . The disclosed fighter payroll for this event was $ 173,500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c01ffff369557d6129d3ce150afbec7", "text": "Jack Ryan (streetball player) Jack Ryan , aka `` Black Jack '' , aka `` Water '' , is an American streetball player from Brooklyn , New York . Ryan 's basketball exploits began at John Jay High School , where , as a senior , he averaged 26 ppg . Ryan later took his game to East 5th St. Park in Brooklyn , where he mastered the tricks and shots he became well known for . In his first season in a recreational league at West 4th , Ryan played one game against former Detroit Piston Phil Sellers and scored 44 points . Ryan is most well known for his very proficient 3-point shooting . According to an article written by Bobbito Garcia about Ryan in Slam Magazine Streetball Special Collector 's Issue , Chris Mullin once described Jack as the best shooter he 'd ever seen who had n't played in the NBA . The article also states Peter Vecsey got Ryan a tryout with the New Jersey Nets in 1990 , but was the second-to-last man cut , ending Ryan 's NBA aspirations . In May 2003 Ryan was named as one of `` Slam Magazines Greatest Playground Ballers of All Time . '' Ryan further proved his mastery of the 3-point shot when he won the 2005 City Slam 3-Point Shooting Championships , which aired on ESPN . In a close final , Ryan edged out fellow streetball sharpshooter Deshun `` Father Time '' Jackson to take the title . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHijMfhV1jQ Jack Ryan 's story was featured on the cover of the -LSB- New York Times -RSB- Sports section on December 3 , 2003 http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/03/sports/basketball-a-hard-case-from-the-streets-makes-good.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm The article inspired the 2009 production of a moving documentary on his life story titled `` Release : The Jack Ryan Story '' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=addkLMohZ1E . Ryan remains a popular video subject on YouTube , setting records and earning accolades -- while performing at NBA All Star weekend 2008 in New Orleans Ryan became a 3 time Guinness Record Holder . Ryan continues to play basketball every day in leagues all around the US and playing in showcase tournaments ; but he truly fuels his passion for basketball with his company HoopWizard.com a one man show -- he is a sought after performer who travels worldwide entertaining at NBA & Collegiate Half Time shows , basketball camps , Bar/Bat Mitzvahs , Corporate events and numerous private celebrations for basketball fans of all ages . http://vimeo.com/39274310 Ryan is described as authentic & inspirational as he performs shooting demonstrations and spins nine balls at a time ! He serves as a powerful speaker for many Elementary and Middle School programs delivering a unique and interactive message to youth while entertaining with basketballs . Planners who seek fantastic performances featuring tremendous athletic skill , infectious smiles and superb basketball entertainment consistently contact Jack `` Blackjack '' Ryan for their events . See http://hoopwizard.com for more pictures and exciting videos ! JACK RYAN 'S FILM CREDITS AND BASKETBALL AWARDS : 2013 Complex.com : One of `` The 20 Greatest basketball players of all time not to make the NBA '' 2013 Complex.com : Named to the list of `` Top 25 Streetball Players of All Time '' 2011 At 50 years old led West 4th Summer league in scoring 2010 MTV : Band Of Ballers Champion 2010 Converse TV Commercial : `` Join The Procession '' with Julius Dr. J Erving 2009 `` Release : The Jack Ryan Story '' , Documentary by Aaron Bierman & Mitchell Tannen 2008 THREE-time Guinness Record Holder , achieved at NBA All Star Weekend in New Orleans : Longest spin on toe , Longest spin on nose , Most free throws blind folded in a minute ! 2005 ESPN : City Slam National 3-point Shooting Champion 2003 NY Times : Life story article , front page of sports section , written by Ira Berkow 2003 Slam magazine : Named `` One of the Greatest Playground Ballers of all time '' 1999 First white showman in Harlem Wizard history 1997 Became a member of the Harlem Wizards Entertainment Basketball , touring internationally 1990 Free agent with NJ Nets Basketball Team , was last cut at 29 years old 1980 Jack Ryan averaged 26 points as a Senior at John Jay High School Brooklyn , NY", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69fa27122ad5e2722691c560d991eac", "text": "2002 in UFC The year 2002 is the 10th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2002 the UFC held 7 events beginning with , UFC 35 : Throwdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac8b4880e2b983d1f2bb338dc8323b18", "text": "Sam Hoger Samuel Earl Hoger ( -LSB- ˈhoʊɡər -RSB- born June 28 , 1980 ) is an American mixed martial artist and an actor , most notable for appearing on the first season of The Ultimate Fighter , a reality television series produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship and broadcast on Spike TV Hoger has trained with Miletich Fighting Systems in Bettendorf , Iowa and is belted in the Miletich Fighting Systems . Hoger is currently teaching and training out of Hoger Mixed Martial Arts in Houston , TX .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe0652844f8d4005e5ac286a5fd0c9c", "text": "Tim Kennedy (fighter) Timothy Fred `` Tim '' Kennedy ( born September 1 , 1979 ) is an American retired professional mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the UFC 's Middleweight division . He has also formerly competed for Strikeforce , the WEC , ShoMMA , HDNet Fights , and represented the Chicago Red Bears in the IFL . Kennedy is one of the few fighters to simultaneously serve in the United States Army National Guard while also fighting professionally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdd9c2fd318bcd6ee907ba7b12d9694", "text": "Ron Stander Ron Stander ( born October 17 , 1944 ) is a former professional boxer , who fought from 1969 to 1982 . He challenged for the world heavyweight championship in 1972 , losing to Joe Frazier by fifth round technical knockout . He scored a fifth round knockout victory over hard-punching Earnie Shavers in 1970 , and a points decision win over contender Thad Spencer in 1971 . An award-winning documentary entitled `` The Bluffs Butcher , '' after his adopted hometown of Council Bluffs , IA , produced by journalism student Andrew Batt was released in 2004 . The documentary told the story of Iowa 's arguably best shot at a World Heavyweight Boxing Title and chronicled Stander 's journey from virtual unknown to boxing 's largest stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c754c077e69c15962d08060529a77c1", "text": "Travis Fulton Travis Fulton ( born May 29 , 1977 ) is an American mixed martial artist and a professional boxer in the heavyweight division of both sports . Known as a longtime veteran in mixed martial arts , he has competed in over 300 sanctioned bouts and while he is perhaps best known for competing in smaller US-based promotions , he has also competed in the UFC , the WEC , Pancrase , the Chicago Red Bears of the IFL , King of the Cage and RINGS . He also holds the record for the most sanctioned mixed martial arts bouts , with 315 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d424b242308945edd02a00f7d710674", "text": "Gerry Storey Gerry Storey MBE ( born 1936 , Belfast , Northern Ireland ) is a boxing trainer who has coached the Irish Olympic Boxing Team on four occasions . Storey is the head coach of the Holy Family Boxing Club in north Belfast . Storey and the club were featured in the BBC documentary Fight Town in 2003 , and the club also appeared in the Daniel Day-Lewis film The Boxer . As a professional boxer , Storey won a British Championships title . Storey has trained many boxers including Hugh Russell , Neil Sinclair , Barry McGuigan , Paddy Barnes and Carl Frampton . McGuigan was training by Storey from the age of 14 through to his Olympic and Commonwealth bids , and claims Storey 's club is the `` most successful boxing club in the country '' . Storey 's son Sammy is also an accomplished amateur boxer who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1986 Commonwealth Games . Storey 's work has helped to bridge the sectarian divide in Belfast , as he trains both Catholics and Protestants . During the 1981 Irish hunger strike he was asked by Loyalist and Republican prisoners to oversee boxing training in the Maze Prison gymnasium . As a result of his work he won the Sport For Good award at the Laureus World Sports Awards in Estoril , Portugal on 16 May 2005 . Storey received his award from Barry McGuigan and Marvin Hagler , and was the first Irish sportsperson to win a Laureus award . Storey was honoured by the Irish Amateur Boxing Association for his contribution to the sport in Dublin on 2 February 2007 . He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2008 New Year Honours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19780516042414e1d3ef7049dd874c5c", "text": "Robert Parham Robert Parham ( born Robert Dennis Parham , Jr. on January 24 , 1966 ) is a retired American kickboxer and former five time World Kickboxing Champion and former four time Sport Karate Champion . His kickboxing record was 17-1 with 9 knockouts . In his last match , he was stopped by Patrick Barry `` While enlisted in the Air Force , he won the Mississippi 's Silver Gloves championships and in 1988 he began earning karate titles , including Armed Forces Champion , Mississippi State Champion and pre-Olympic Taekwondo Champion . From 1991 to 1993 , he won the National Karate Championship and in 1991 he was the United States Karate Alliance World Karate Champion . He was Sport Karate International 's regional winner in 1990 and 1993 , and world champion in 1991 . In 1993 , he earned the National Black Belt League 's Regional and World Titles and the United States Karate Alliance Lightweight Koshiki World Title . Parham 's karate accomplishments earned him the Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command 's Male Athlete of the Year for 1992 . The award-winning martial artist has claimed world kickboxing titles in five weight classes -- middleweight in 1994 , super middleweight in 1996 , light heavyweight in 1995 and 1997 , cruiserweight in 1997 and heavyweight in 2001 . '' In 1999 , Parham was a feature participant in the inaugural show of the TV series `` The Toughman World Championship on FX '' . He made it to the finals and lost a hotly disputed decision to the local favorite . He has been inducted into the Universal Martial Arts Hall of Fame , the Masters Hall of Fame , the USA Hall of Fame and the Action Martial Arts Hall of Fame for his martial arts accomplishments . After retiring from martial arts competitions , Robert turned to acting , with minor roles in movies such as `` Bad Faith '' , `` The Insider ( film ) '' `` Hand to Hand '' . He had his breakthrough starring role in the upcoming feature `` Buster Jones '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c50ce3fdba9879525e819e7d1f48e2f", "text": "In & Out (film) In & Out is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Kevin Kline , Tom Selleck , Joan Cusack , Matt Dillon , Debbie Reynolds , and Wilford Brimley . It is an original story by screenwriter Paul Rudnick . Joan Cusack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . The film was inspired by Tom Hanks 's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar ( for his role in Philadelphia ) , in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth , and his former classmate John Gilkerson , `` two of the finest gay Americans , two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with . '' The film became one of mainstream Hollywood 's few attempts at a comedic `` gay movie '' of its era , and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8288832dc0a2e8f500e7c666cb3cd3c0", "text": "Gurvinder Singh Gurvinder Singh is an Indian film director . He is best known for his Punjabi language films Anhe Ghore Da Daan , and Chauthi Koot ( The Fourth Direction ) which premiered at Venice and Cannes Film Festival respectively . Gurvinder is an alumnus of Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII ) , Pune from where he studied film-making and graduated in 2001 . He travelled extensively through Punjab between 2002 and 2006 , living and wandering with folk itinerants , documenting folk ballads and oral narratives . It led to his first documentary ` Pala ' . He continued to make short experimental works and documenting arts/artists for the next few years . In 2005 he was invited by avant-garde Indian filmmaker Mani Kaul to be his teaching assistant for a master-class at FTII , which led to a close association with the filmmaker who became his mentor . He translated and published a book of conversations of Udayan Vajpeyi with Mani Kaul , titled ` Uncloven Space ' . His latest film is ` infiltrator ' starring Veer Rajwant Singh which is a 15 minute short story in an international omnibus called ` In the same garden '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f872063ff51727c1d6647cca454e2977", "text": "Insaaf (1997 film) Insaaf , also known as Insaaf : The Final Justice , is a 1997 Indian Bollywood action film directed and written by Dayal Nihalani and starring Akshay Kumar , Shilpa Shetty and Paresh Rawal . It was released on 30 May 1997 and was a box office failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77b4dd8f792e9c50b114dc9f9a28a29", "text": "...And Once Again And Once Again is a 2010 Indian family drama film directed by Amol Palekar . The film premiered in India on 20 August 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc98137812821f7809c8b41d2303afc", "text": "Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular . The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' . The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9b10f940dea3147617d29548b4cd93", "text": "Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film . On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f5d86b8ae48165fa29a134835cb0c6", "text": "Sam & Me Sam & Me is a 1991 Canadian film directed by well-known Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta . It was her debut movie as a director . The film went on to win an honourable mention at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5148336c56a3b34193739abaefed6826", "text": "Indian (2001 film) Indian is a 2001 Hindi crime drama film directed by N. Maharajan and starring Sunny Deol , Shilpa Shetty , Raj Babbar and Mukesh Rishi . A remake of Tamil film Vallarasu starring Vijayakanth , the film had dialogues written by Sanjay Masoom . It opened on 26 October 2001 to excellent collections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f53ebe35e6deefc9b37d2b0fd6163a32", "text": "Kotigobba 2 Kotigobba 2 ( English : One in a crore - 2 ) is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by K. S. Ravikumar . The film was produced by Rockline Venkatesh and M. Babu in both Kannada and Tamil languages simultaneously ; the latter as Mudinja Ivana Pudi . Despite its title , the film is not a sequel to Kotigobba ( 2001 ) . The film features Kichcha Sudeep and Nithya Menen in the lead roles . Both versions of the film released on 12 August 2016 coinciding with the 2016 Varalakshmi Vrata . Now the film is being dubbed into Telugu as Kotikokkadu ( English : One in a crore ) . The Telugu version of this film will be presented by Lagadapati Srinivas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d640026a537cd835dc13984992c9f027", "text": "13th National Film Awards The 13th National Film Awards , then known as State Awards for Films , presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in 1965 . Starting with 13th National Film Awards , a new award was introduced at All India level , Best Feature Film on National Unity and Emotional Integration whose winner received a cash prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83df1e9b1bfdbd634774877808b3c53a", "text": "Balaji Motion Pictures Balaji Motion Pictures is an Indian film production and distribution company established by Jeetendra . Based in Mumbai , it mainly produces and distributes Hindi films . Key people involved are Jeetendra wife Shobha Kapoor and daughter Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cffef5806b372d2e1affdb39c20c1850", "text": "15th Filmfare Awards The 15th Filmfare Awards were held in 1968 , celebrating the best in Hindi cinema in 1967 . Manoj Kumar 's patriotic drama Upkar was the biggest winner on the night , winning 7 awards , 4 for Manoj Kumar , including Best Film and Best Director . The smash hit ` Mere Desh Ki Dharti ' from the film also won awards for its lyricist and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d3a8c1e445ca544164280e501c57a7", "text": "Note Out Note Out is a 2011 Malayalam comedy film directed by debutant Kutty Naduvil starring Nishan and Mithra Kurian in the lead roles . The music of the film has been composed by Vinu Thomas with lyrics penned by Anil Panachooran . The film released on 14 January 2011 . The film is produced by Joseph George in the banner of Thekkadiyil Films , who also distributes the film through Play House Release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2ca512edd92ee289172a16208cbec4", "text": "Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather . Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' . The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9decd21ee7f57faba37b32c99087f4ad", "text": "Sivaji Ganesan Villupuram Chinnaiah Ganesan ( 1 October 1928 -- 21 July 2001 ) better known as Sivaji Ganesan , was an Indian stage , and film actor who was active in Tamil cinema during the latter half of the 20th century . He was well known for his versatility and variety of roles depicted on screen , which gave him also the Tamil honorific name Nadigar Thilagam ( lit . the pride of actors ) . In a career that spanned close to five decades , he had acted in 283 films in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . His eidetic memory helped him remember his scripts at a glance . Ganesan was the first tamil film actor to win a `` Best Actor '' award in an International film festival , the Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Cairo , Egypt in 1960 . Many leading South Indian film actors have stated that their acting was influenced by Ganesan . He received the President Award for Best Tamil Actor on twelve occasions . In addition , he received four Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award ( Special Jury ) . In 1997 , Ganesan was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , highest honour for films in India . He was also the first Indian actor to be made a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres . Ganesan is remembered as an iconic figure of Tamil cinema . He has been described by the Los Angeles Times as `` The Marlon Brando of Indian Cinema '' . In spite of his celebrated film career , his short stint in politics became a futile attempt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a65194e7e7205e07827952adffcca9", "text": "Chennai International Film Festival The Chennai International Film Festival ( CIFF ) is a festival organised in the city of Chennai , India , by a film society , the Indo Cine Appreciation Foundation ( ICAF ) , with the support of the government of Tamil Nadu , the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce and the Film Federation of India . From the official website , the festival aims at : providing a common platform for the film fraternity to show its expression through films ; understanding other cultures and project the excellence of this art form ; contribute to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of the different nations in the context of the social and cultural ethos ; and promote friendship and co-operation among peoples of the world . The festival has been organised since 2002 . It showcases international as well as Indian feature films . The Indian language films are divided into the Tamil ( 12 films ) and the Indian panorama featured films ( around 12 films ) . The festival screens more than 100 international feature films . The CIFF provide awards in the following categories : The Best film in Tamil . The Second Best film . Special Jury Award for individual excellence Online Film buff Award Amitabh Bachchan Youth Icon Award , from 2013", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7eef489ef1159fb7386aa48957031d9", "text": "Entry (film) Entry is a 2013 Malayalam film directed by Rajesh Amanakara and starring Baburaj , Ranjini Haridas , Bhagath Manuel and Sija Rose in the lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce71283b91aeeeeb3df6e3a67db70f59", "text": "Aashiqui.in Aashiqui.in is a 2011 Bollywood romantic film directed by Shankhadeep , starring Ankita Shrivastava and debutant Ishaan Manhaas in the lead roles . The music and the background score of the film are composed by Nitin kumar gupta and Prem Hariya , and the lyrics are penned by Gupta as well . The film is very similar to the 2004 film A Cinderella Story . The film was released in cinemas on 11 February 2011 , and the story follows a man who meets his love interest on the internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dc30d313e601c6c99f5df34d97ed0ea", "text": "Langto Langto is a 2015 Indian film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6053a550562e6345300c7bcbcad09e50", "text": "Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics ( Jeux olympiques ) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions . The Olympic Games are considered the world 's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating . The Olympic Games are held every four years , with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart . Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games , which were held in Olympia , Greece , from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD . Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 1894 , leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896 . The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement , with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority . The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games . Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for ice and winter sports , the Paralympic Games for athletes with a disability , and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes . The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic , political , and technological advancements . As a result , the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism , as envisioned by Coubertin , to allowing participation of professional athletes . The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialisation of the Games . World wars led to the cancellation of the 1916 , 1940 , and 1944 Games . Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games . The Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations ( IFs ) , National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) , and organising committees for each specific Olympic Games . As the decision-making body , the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games , and organises and funds the Games according to the Olympic Charter . The IOC also determines the Olympic programme , consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games . There are several Olympic rituals and symbols , such as the Olympic flag and torch , as well as the opening and closing ceremonies . Over 13,000 athletes compete at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events . The first , second , and third-place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals : gold , silver , and bronze , respectively . The Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented . This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies , including boycotts , doping , bribery , and a terrorist attack in 1972 . Every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame . The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c95ed62c7974bad7b782e0cd15d4f29c", "text": "Puerto Rico at the 2012 Summer Olympics Puerto Rico competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom from July 27 to August 12 , 2012 . This was the nation 's seventeenth consecutive appearance at the Olympics . Comité Olímpico de Puerto Rico sent a total of 25 athletes to the Games , 19 men and 6 women , to compete in 8 sports . The nation 's team size was roughly larger by three athletes from Beijing . This was also the youngest delegation in Puerto Rico 's Olympic history , with half the team under the age of 25 , and many of them were expected to reach their peak in time for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Four Puerto Rican athletes had competed in Beijing , including track star and pre-Olympic favorite Javier Culson , who held the record as the `` world 's fastest man '' in the hurdles , and later became the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony . Canterbury Christ Church University had been selected as the team 's preparation base for these Olympic games . These Games tied as Puerto Rico 's most successful Olympics , winning a total of two medals , and tying the record for the most medals with Los Angeles at a single games . Javier Culson won the nation 's first ever Olympic bronze medal after 16 years in the men 's hurdles . Meanwhile , Dominican born Jaime Espinal became the first Puerto Rican athlete to claim an Olympic silver medal in men 's freestyle wrestling , and set a historic Olympic record as the nation 's second silver medalist , 28 years after Luis Ortiz had become the first .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf06d4a2244fe323f604ed40d78f50f", "text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games ( Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years . Unlike the Summer Olympics , the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice . The first Winter Olympics , the 1924 Winter Olympics , was held in Chamonix , France . The original five sports ( broken into nine disciplines ) were bobsleigh , curling , ice hockey , Nordic skiing ( consisting of the disciplines military patrol , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined , and ski jumping ) , and skating ( consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating ) . The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936 , after which they were interrupted by World War II . The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years . Until 1992 , the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years , but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years , the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994 . The Winter Games have evolved since its inception . Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them , such as Alpine skiing , luge , short track speed skating , freestyle skiing , skeleton , and snowboarding , have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme . Others ( such as curling and bobsleigh ) have been discontinued and later reintroduced , or have been permanently discontinued ( such as military patrol , though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it ) . Still others , such as speed skiing , bandy and skijoring , were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports . The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games . It created an income stream , via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising , which has become lucrative for the IOC . This allowed outside interests , such as television companies and corporate sponsors , to exert influence . The IOC has had to address several criticisms , internal scandals , the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians , as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics . Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems . The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries . The Games have been held in the United States four times ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) ; in France three times ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) ; and in Austria ( 1964 , 1976 ) , Canada ( 1988 , 2010 ) , Japan ( 1972 , 1998 ) , Italy ( 1956 , 2006 ) , Norway ( 1952 , 1994 ) , and Switzerland ( 1928 , 1948 ) twice . Also , the Games have been held in Germany ( 1936 ) , Yugoslavia ( 1984 ) , and Russia ( 2014 ) once . The IOC has selected Pyeongchang , South Korea , to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing , China , to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . No city in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics ; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather , and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer . Twelve countries -- Austria , Canada , Finland , France , Great Britain , Hungary , Italy , Norway , Poland , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States -- have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games . Six of those -- Austria , Canada , Finland , Norway , Sweden and the United States -- have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games , and only one -- the United States -- has earned gold at each Games . Norway leads in terms of number of gold medals and overall number of medals . Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcef567d3020d26cba61acf9ca05e65e", "text": "1976 Summer Olympics medal table The 1976 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 1976 Summer Olympics , held in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , from July 17 to August 1 , 1976 . A total of 6,084 athletes from 92 countries participated in these Games , competing in 198 events in 23 sports . Twenty-eight African countries boycotted these Games . This decision was taken in response to the participation of New Zealand , because its national rugby union team ( the All Blacks ) continued to play rugby with South Africa , which had been banned from the Olympic movement since 1964 due to its apartheid policies . Athletes from 41 countries won at least one medal , leaving 51 countries in blank in the medal table . The Soviet Union won the highest number of gold medals ( 49 ) and overall medals ( 125 ) . Thailand and Bermuda won the first medals in their Olympic history , with Bermuda still being the least populous nation to ever win a Summer Olympic medal . The Montreal Summer Olympics proved disastrous to Canada not only in financial terms ; it failed to win a single gold medal despite being the host nation . Overall , it was 27th in the medal table , which remains the worst result a host nation has ever scored in the history of the Games . Nikolai Andrianov of the Soviet Union won seven medals ( four gold , two silver and one bronze medals ) , becoming the most medalled athlete in these Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f1a2501bc0742025f6d746edd356567", "text": "1964 Summer Paralympics The , originally known as the 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games , were the 2nd Paralympic Games to be held . They were held in Tokyo , Japan , they were the last Summer Paralympics to take place in the same city as the Summer Olympics until the 1988 Summer Paralympics . The term `` Paralympic Games '' was approved by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) first in 1984 , while the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) was formed in 1989 . In contrast with the 1960 Games , many events had more than three participants , meaning that athletes were no longer guaranteed a medal upon completing their event . Also originally known as Paralympic Tokyo 1964 . Tokyo will host the Summer Paralympic Games again in 2020 . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608ec6fa913d60a84f52cbdd54559f30", "text": "List of flag bearers for Independent Olympians at the Olympics This is a list of flag bearers who have competed as Individual Olympic Athletes at the Olympics . Flag bearers carry the Olympic Flag at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c032c308333b0ba060e76d09c4eacbac", "text": "2004 European Winter Throwing Challenge The 2004 European Winter Throwing Challenge was held on 13 and 14 March at St. John Athletic Stadium in Marsa , Malta . It was the fourth edition of the athletics competition for throwing events organised by the European Athletics Association . The 2004 event was the last to use the challenge name , as subsequent editions were known as European Cup Winter Throwing events . A total of 147 athletes from 28 countries entered the competition . The competition featured men 's and women 's contests in shot put , discus throw , javelin throw and hammer throw . Athletes were seeded into `` A '' and `` B '' groups in each competition . Russia topped the points table in the women 's and men 's division of the team competition . With four medals , it shared the greatest medal haul alongside Germany , which was runner-up in the points table but was the only nation to have two winners from the eight events on offer . The host nation , Malta , had only one athlete at the event -- men 's javelin thrower Jean Paul Callus . Callus broke the Maltese record with his opening throw , recording a new best mark of for his country . The weather was not conducive to high standard performances and Callus gave the sole record performance of the challenge . Five athletes went on to take medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics : Eşref Apak was a bronze medallist , Vadims Vasiļevskis , Nadine Kleinert and Steffi Nerius took Olympic silver , and Natalya Sadova became the Olympic champion in women 's discus . Despite going on to this success , among these only Vasiļevskis was a winner in the European Winter Throwing Challenge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad148b6f3f968270f3be513b5765b4a1", "text": "Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics Mexico competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 . This was the nation 's twentieth appearance at the Olympics , since its debut in 1900 . Comité Olímpico Mexicano sent the nation 's largest delegation to the Games since 1992 . A total of 109 athletes , 59 men and 50 women , competed in 20 sports . Football was the only team-based sport in which Mexico had its representation in these Olympic Games . There was only a single competitor in fencing , shooting , and weightlifting . The Mexican team featured three Olympic medalists from Sydney : race walker Noé Hernández , taekwondo jin Víctor Estrada , and diver Fernando Platas , who reprised his role to carry the national flag for the second time in the opening ceremony , after winning the silver in men 's springboard . Along with Platas , race walkers Miguel Ángel Rodríguez and Germán Sánchez officially made their fourth Olympic appearance as the most experienced members of the team . Meanwhile , show jumper Gerardo Tazzer , who helped the Mexicans claim the bronze at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , sought his fourth Olympic bid in Athens after a sixteen-year absence , and was also the oldest athlete of the team at age 52 . Mexico left Athens with a total of four medals ( three silver and one bronze ) , failing to win a gold for the first time since 1996 . Half of these medals were awarded to the athletes in taekwondo . Sprinter Ana Guevara set the nation 's historical milestone as the first ever female Mexican to claim an Olympic silver medal in track and field . Meanwhile , Belem Guerrero claimed a silver for the first time in the nation 's Olympic cycling history , since the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , since José Youshimatz took home the bronze in the men 's points race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87b3331a7f9be96806fb0b8417a8c89", "text": "Switzerland at the 2012 Summer Olympics Switzerland competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , from 27 July to 12 August 2012 . Swiss athletes competed at every Summer Olympic Games in the modern era , except when they boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne as a protest to the Soviet invasion of Hungary . The Swiss Olympic Association sent a total of 103 athletes to the Games , 72 men and 31 women , to compete in 18 sports . Switzerland left London with a total of four Olympic medals ( two gold and two silver ) , their lowest in Summer Olympic history since 1992 . This was in stark contrast with the zero medal tally of the neighbouring Austria , a nation of roughly comparable size . Most of these medals were awarded to the athletes in cycling , tennis , equestrian , and triathlon . Among the nation 's medalists were mountain biker Nino Schurter , who collected a total of two Olympic medals after winning the silver in men 's cross-country race . Equestrian rider Steve Guerdat won Switzerland 's first ever gold medal in the individual show jumping after 84 years . Meanwhile , Nicola Spirig became the second Swiss athlete to claim an Olympic title in women 's triathlon since its official debut as a full-medal sport in 2000 . World number-one male tennis player Roger Federer won the coveted silver medal in the men 's singles , after he was defeated by Great Britain 's Andy Murray . Several Swiss athletes missed out of the medal standings . Defending Olympic champion Fabian Cancellara finished seventh in the men 's individual time trial , following his collarbone injury from the road race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c35d1baf5fd5fe3b87744c0e1baa0f9e", "text": "Portugal at the 2004 Summer Olympics Portugal competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 . Portuguese athletes have competed at every Summer Olympic Games in the modern era since 1912 . The Olympic Committee of Portugal sent the nation 's second-largest team to the Games . A total of 81 athletes , 64 men and 17 women , were selected by the committee to participate in 15 sports . Men 's football was the only team-based sport in which Portugal had its representation at these Games . There was only a single competitor in badminton , canoeing , equestrian , artistic and trampoline gymnastics , triathlon , and wrestling , which made its official Olympic comeback after an eight-year absence . Twenty-four Portuguese athletes had previously competed in Sydney , including two returning Olympic medalists : long-distance runner and former champion Fernanda Ribeiro and lightweight judoka Nuno Delgado , who later became the nation 's flag bearer in the opening ceremony . Mistral windsurfer and multiple-time European champion João Rodrigues and middle-distance runner Carla Sacramento shared their experiences at these Games as the only athletes who made their fourth Olympic appearance . Equestrian rider Carlos Grave , aged 46 , was the oldest athlete of the team , while breaststroke swimmer Diana Gomes was the youngest at age 15 . Among the Portuguese athletes of the team , two of them had acquired a dual citizenship to compete for Portugal : former hurdler Naide Gomes from Sao Tome and Principe in the women 's heptathlon , and sprinter Francis Obikwelu on his third Olympic bid after he previously joined the Nigerian squad in Atlanta and Sydney . Portugal left Athens with only three Olympic medals , two silver and one bronze , improving the nation 's stark medal tally from Sydney four years earlier . The highlight of the Games for the Portuguese team came on the first day with a historic milestone for Sérgio Paulinho , as the nation 's first ever cyclist to claim a silver medal in the men 's road race . The remaining medals were awarded to the athletes in the track and field . On August 22 , 2004 , Obikwelu challenged the Americans in the men 's 100 metres , but he managed to settle only for the silver . Meanwhile , Rui Silva added another medal for Portugal with a blistering bronze in the men 's 1500 metres , which was dominated by Morocco 's Hicham El Guerrouj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e6d5876750f42dfa6bbb0c1194de8f", "text": "Parade of the Athletes Parade of the Athletes is a retrospective mix by Dutch DJ Tiësto of his live set performed during the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens , Greece on 13 August 2004 ( see 2004 in music ) . This was the first time that a DJ was asked to perform for a ceremony at the Olympics . Recognizing one of their own , the Dutch team came up to the booth while Tiësto was performing this set . All of the songs on this track are original songs composed by Tiësto except for `` Adagio for Strings '' , which is his own remix of Samuel Barber 's piece by the same name ( the remix was also influenced by William Orbit 's original electronic remix of the song in 1999 ) , and `` Athena '' , which is also a remix of Albinoni 's Adagio in G minor . The album contains 8 new tracks composed exclusively for the Olympic Games Athens 2004 Opening Ceremony , and 4 other well-known tracks ( `` Traffic '' , `` Lethal Industry '' , `` Adagio for Strings '' and `` Forever Today '' ) . An unmixed version was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2da9dcf4f88f7eb7a6d21d692b07132f", "text": "Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the Amateur Athletic Association . These rules included a prohibition on any interference with other runners ( a rule that played an important part in the 400 metres ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f0ce8db601eb905df38e085a6e0ae8b", "text": "Olympic Oath The Olympic Oath ( distinct from the Olympic creed ) is a solemn promise made by one athlete , judge or official , and one coach at the Opening Ceremony of each Olympic Games . Each oath taker is from the host nation and takes the oath on behalf of all athletes , officials , or coaches at the currently celebrated games . While reciting the oath , the oath taker holds a corner of the Olympic Flag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1299ec7d002dd66f3ff0ff80b76b41ea", "text": "Olympic Stadium (Montreal) Olympic Stadium ( Stade olympique ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Canada , located at Olympic Park in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal . Built in the mid-1970s as the main venue for the 1976 Summer Olympics , it is nicknamed `` The Big O '' , a reference to both its name and to the doughnut-shape of the permanent component of the stadium 's roof . It is also called `` The Big Owe '' to reference the astronomical cost of the stadium and the 1976 Olympics as a whole . The stadium is the largest by seating capacity in Canada . After the Olympics , artificial turf was installed and it became the home of Montreal 's professional baseball and football teams . The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL returned to their previous home of Molson Stadium in 1998 for regular season games , but continued to use Olympic Stadium for playoff and Grey Cup games until 2014 when they returned to Molson Stadium for all of their games . Following the 2004 baseball season , the Expos relocated to Washington , D.C. to become the Washington Nationals . The stadium currently serves as a multipurpose facility for special events ( e.g. concerts , trade shows ) with a permanent seating capacity of 56,040 . The capacity is expandable with temporary seating . The Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) use the venue on occasion , when larger capacity is needed or when the weather restricts outdoor play at nearby Saputo Stadium in the spring months . The stadium has not had a main tenant since the Expos left in 2004 . Despite decades of use , the stadium 's history of numerous structural and financial problems has largely branded it a white elephant . Incorporated into the north base of the stadium is the Montreal Tower , the world 's tallest inclined tower at 175 m . The stadium and Olympic Park grounds border Maisonneuve Park , which includes the Montreal Botanical Garden , adjacent to the west across Rue Sherbrooke ( Route 138 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2909eec7a4f1db3985e07fe63efde56", "text": "2008 Summer Paralympics The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games ( Chinese : 第十三屆残疾人奥林匹克运动会 ) , the thirteenth Paralympics , took place in Beijing , China from September 6 to 17 , 2008 . As with the 2008 Summer Olympics , equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao . 3,951 athletes from 146 countries took part . This was the largest ever number of nations at the Paralympics ( ten more than in Athens ) , and five countries competed for the first time . China fielded more athletes than any other country . The slogan for the 2008 Paralympics was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics , `` One World , One Dream '' ( Pinyin Tóng yīge shìjìe tóng yīge mèngxiǎng , lit . `` One World , One Dream '' ) . China dominated the medal count finishing with 89 gold medals and 211 total medals , more than double the next-ranked NPC in both cases . 339 Paralympic records and 279 world records were broken . International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) President Philip Craven declared the Games `` the greatest Paralympic Games ever . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2dc097deb6df1fd3944ada126c1112c", "text": "Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2012 Summer Olympics Four Independent Olympic Athletes competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , in the United Kingdom . These were athletes from the former Netherlands Antilles , and from the newly formed state of South Sudan . This was the third time that athletes had competed as independent participants in the Olympics . None of the athletes have won an Olympic medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d98bd1a74226d2da110bb0fb75d51c1", "text": "Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres The Men 's 1500 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , was held at the Olympic Stadium on 3 -- 7 August . The first round races were all very tightly packed , strategic affairs . The first race was the fastest , taking all but one of the time qualifiers into the semi-final . Andrew Wheating 's 3:40.92 in the second heat was the slowest time qualifier , though it was exactly equal to Nick Willis ' winning time in the last race . That race was broken up when Nixon Chepseba tripped sending several athletes scrambling to avoid the falling body . Chepseba ultimately finished 9th but was awarded a place in the semi-final on appeal , though no offending athlete was disqualified . The first semi final was strategic from the start , when the sprinting started , Taoufik Makhloufi easily took the lead and held the position . Since it was strategic , no time qualifiers came from this semi . In the other semi , Chepseba took it out at a faster pace , to avoid getting caught in traffic . At the 800 mark , Nathan Brannen fell flat and was not able to get back into contention . When the sprinting started , Abdalaati Iguider looked to be the fastest . The slowest time qualifier was almost 7 seconds faster than Makhloufi winning the first . Earlier on the day before the final , Makhloufi was also in an 800 metres qualifying round race , but he ran slowly and dropped out . Because of the `` honest effort '' rule , he was disqualified from further competition in the Olympics . It took an appeal by Algerian team officials to get him re-instated by claiming he had a known knee injury . In the final , Makhloufi made a miraculous recovery from the injury in order to run . Kenyan Chepseba , and Kenyan born Bahraini Belal Mansoor Ali ran shoulder to shoulder until 600 to go when Chepseba then decided to take the lead solo . Behind him runners were three abreast , with Makhloufi and Silas Kiplagat trading elbows to be in position for the final lap . Another elbow just before 300 to go , and Makhloufi broke away with Kiplagat and Mekonnen Gebremedhin in hot pursuit . With Makhloufi gone , 8 meters ahead , Gebremedhin took over second at the head of the stretch , Iguider sprinting a step behind . Five meters further back , Leonel Manzano was starting to sprint around teammate Matthew Centrowitz , Jr. . As Iguider was edging ahead of Gebremedhin , Manzano was rocketing along the outside passing into second 30 meters from the finish . Iguider just barely managed to finish a fraction ahead of the fast closing Centrowitz for the bronze medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1b7cf19223b2372393b79a20477e0e", "text": "Jim Thorpe James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) : Wa-Tho-Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist . A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball . He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics , thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place . In 1983 , 30 years after his death , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) restored his Olympic medals . Thorpe grew up in the Sac and Fox Nation in Oklahoma , and attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School , where he was a two-time All-American for the school 's football team . After his Olympic success in 1912 , which included a record score in the decathlon , he added a victory in the All-Around Championship of the Amateur Athletic Union . In 1913 , Thorpe signed with the New York Giants , and he played six seasons in Major League Baseball between 1913 and 1919 . Thorpe joined the Canton Bulldogs American football team in 1915 , helping them win three professional championships ; he later played for six teams in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played as part of several all-American Indian teams throughout his career , and barnstormed as a professional basketball player with a team composed entirely of American Indians . From 1920 to 1921 , Thorpe was nominally the first president of the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) , which became the NFL in 1922 . He played professional sports until age 41 , the end of his sports career coinciding with the start of the Great Depression . He struggled to earn a living after that , working several odd jobs . He suffered from alcoholism , and lived his last years in failing health and poverty . He was married three times and had eight children , before suffering from heart failure and dying in 1953 . Thorpe has received various accolades for his athletic accomplishments . The Associated Press named him the `` greatest athlete '' from the first 50 years of the 20th century , and the Pro Football Hall of Fame inducted him as part of its inaugural class in 1963 . A Pennsylvania town was named in his honor and a monument site there is the site of his remains , which were the subject of legal action . Thorpe was portrayed in the 1951 film Jim Thorpe -- All-American , and appeared in several films himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8fe76f6769d01aac601a2f9d2280aa1", "text": "List of 1932 Winter Olympics medal winners The 1932 Winter Olympics , officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games , were a winter multi-sport event held in Lake Placid , New York , United States , from February 4 to February 15 , 1932 . A total of 252 athletes representing 17 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated in these Games . Overall , 14 events in 7 disciplines were contested . The Olympic program remained similar to previous Winter Olympics , with only a few exceptions : neither skeleton nor military patrol events were held ; curling , which had appeared in the first Winter Olympic Games , was a non-medal demonstration sport in 1932 , as were a sled dog race and women 's speed skating . Both men and women competed in these Games , although the only medal events women contested were the ladies ' singles and pairs in figure skating . Warm weather forced officials to hold the four-man bobsleigh competition two days after the closing ceremonies , which had been conducted on February 13 . A total of 87 athletes won medals . Athletes from the United States earned the most medals during the Games , winning 12 medals , half of which were gold . Athletes from Norway and Canada won the second and third most medals , with 10 and 7 respectively . Only four other nations -- Sweden , Finland , Austria , and Germany -- won medals in more than one event . Athletes from 10 of the 17 participating NOCs won at least one medal ; 7 won at least one gold medal . Sonja Henie of Norway won her second consecutive gold medal in the ladies ' individual figure skating competition . Andrée Brunet and Pierre Brunet of France won their third consecutive medal in pairs figure skating , having won bronze in Chamonix before golds in St. Moritz and Lake Placid . In the men 's event , Austrian figure skater Karl Schäfer beat out three-time Olympic champion Gillis Grafström of Sweden . American Edward Eagan became the first athlete to win medals at both Summer and Winter Olympics ; he had won a gold medal in light heavyweight boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics and took home a gold in the four-man bobsleigh at Lake Placid . Although other athletes since have earned medals in both Summer and Winter Olympics , Eagan remains the only person to have won gold medals in both .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f93f075e7d474006cc9c80586cd3ca", "text": "Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics At the 1900 Summer Olympics , twenty-three athletics events were contested . Altogether , 117 athletes from 15 nations competed . A total of 68 medals ( 23 gold , 23 silver , 22 bronze ) were awarded . In many countries , due in part to the conflation of the Olympic Games and the World 's Fair in Paris , the media discussed only the athletics events under the `` Olympic '' name while ignoring the incredible variety of other sports featured at the time . The 23 events listed are those currently considered to have been of Olympic stature by the International Olympic Committee and most Olympic historians . They exclude all events that used a handicap system , as well as all events which were open to professional athletes . Competitions were held on 14 July , 15 July , 16 July , 19 July , and 22 July . This included Bastille Day , which is a French holiday , and then Sunday , which many of the American athletes protested . Even with many Americans not competing in finals because of confusion caused by the organizers ' decision to count scores achieved on Monday , 16 July for finals held on Sunday , 15 July and subsequent rescission of that decision , the United States won more than 4 times as many medals as any other nation , including 16 of the 23 gold medals . The conditions of competition were also subpar compared even to those at the previous games in 1896 . There was no track for the Paris Games , as a grass field dotted with trees and of unequal elevation was used . The course was 500 metres in length , an unusual distance for a track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c66051ebe8adbb748048dc0729f35f", "text": "Chile at the 2012 Summer Olympics Chile competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , from 27 July to 12 August 2012 . This nation has competed at every Olympic games , except the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States boycott . The Chile Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico de Chile , COCH ) sent a total of 35 athletes to the Games , 21 men and 14 women , to compete in 17 sports . There was only a single competitor in track cycling , judo , modern pentathlon , rowing , shooting , swimming and taekwondo . Among the sports played by the athletes , Chile made its Olympics debut in artistic gymnastics and Greco-Roman wrestling . The Chilean team featured six athletes who competed at their fourth Olympics : archer Denisse van Lamoen , épée fencer Paris Inostroza , table tennis player Berta Rodríguez and three of its oldest members from the equestrian jumping team . Van Lamoen was also appointed by the committee to carry the nation 's flag at the opening ceremony . With poor athletic performance and the absence of tennis players in the team , Chile failed to win a single medal for the first time in Olympic history since 1996 . Gymnast Tomás González missed out on an Olympic medal in London , after finishing fourth in men 's floor and vault exercises .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fe8bb9a8337668116a5049cb92755b42", "text": "Take a Bow (Madonna song) `` Take a Bow '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her sixth studio album Bedtime Stories ( 1994 ) . It was released as the album 's second single on November 29 , 1994 , by Maverick Records . It is a midtempo pop ballad written and produced by Madonna and Babyface . The song also appears on her compilation albums Something to Remember ( 1995 ) , GHV2 ( 2001 ) and Celebration ( 2009 ) . Following the sexually explicit persona portrayed by Madonna on her previous album , Erotica , the singer wanted to tone down her image for Bedtime Stories . She started collaborating with Babyface , whose work with other musicians had impressed her . `` Take a Bow '' was developed from this collaboration , after Madonna listened to the beat and the chords of the demo structure of the song . Recorded at The Hit Factory Studios in New York , `` Take a Bow '' was backed by a full orchestra . It was also the first time that Babyface had worked with live strings , per Madonna 's suggestion . Containing oriental pentatonic strings , giving the impression of Chinese or Japanese opera , `` Take a Bow '' lyrically talks about unrequited love , and Madonna saying goodbye . It received favorable reviews from music critics , who praised the song 's soulful , poetic lyrics . It was a commercial success in the United States , becoming Madonna 's eleventh number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , topping the chart for seven weeks . It also reached number one in Canada , and the top ten in Italy , Switzerland and New Zealand . The single had moderate success in the United Kingdom , reaching number 16 on the UK Singles Chart , ending Madonna 's record-holding string of 35 consecutive top-ten hits there . The music video for `` Take a Bow '' was directed by Michael Haussman , and was filmed in Ronda , Spain . The video depicts Madonna as a bullfighter 's ( played by real-life Spanish bullfighter Emilio Muñoz ) neglected lover , yearning for his love . It won the Best Female Video award at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards . Journalistic and academic analysis of the video included its plotline , usage of religious iconography , themes and motifs of feminism and submission , as well as its impact on contemporary music videos . In order to promote Bedtime Stories , Madonna performed `` Take a Bow '' on a few occasions , including live with Babyface at the 1995 American Music Awards . In 2016 , she added the song to the setlist of the Asian and Oceanian legs of her Rebel Heart Tour and her one-off Sydney concert Madonna : Tears of a Clown .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "64c436fa0a7ed91a116e2677806e9e92", "text": "Jesus, Take the Wheel `` Jesus , Take the Wheel '' is a song written by Brett James , Hillary Lindsey , and Gordie Sampson , and recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood . It was released in October 2005 as the first single from Underwood 's debut album Some Hearts . The ballad tells of a woman seeking help from Jesus in an emergency , ultimately letting Jesus take control of her life . The country-Christian song became a crossover hit , spending six consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs , peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart and charting high on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart . It also became a top twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` Jesus , Take the Wheel '' won Grammys for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song , and it won Single of the Year at the 2005 Academy of Country Music Awards . The song ranked number four on CMT 's 40 Greatest Songs of the Decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59f2834547fa44e5f72c0709c9b02584", "text": "This Is Country Music (song) `` This Is Country Music '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley . After performing it at the Country Music Association awards ceremony , Paisley released the song in December 2010 . The song is Paisley 's twenty-eighth single release overall ; it entered the Hot Country Songs charts dated for December 4 , 2010 . It was included on his eighth studio album , This Is Country Music , released on May 23 , 2011 release via Arista Nashville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3e01a8958c9cc51f20da3c31730d257", "text": "You're Not Sorry `` You 're Not Sorry '' is a country rock song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . The song was solely written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . It was released on October 28 , 2008 by Big Machine Records as a promotional single from Swift 's second studio album , Fearless on iTunes , though it is no longer available . A remix version for the television episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation in which Swift made an appearance was later released . Swift wrote `` You 're Not Sorry '' , inspired by an ex-boyfriend who was revealed to be opposite of what he appeared to be . The song is a power ballad with country and rock music influences . Contemporary critics gave `` You 're Not Sorry '' average to favorable reviews . In North America , the song achieved commercial success . It peaked at number 11 on Canadian Hot 100 . In the United States , `` You 're Not Sorry '' also peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Swift performed the song in several venues , including on her first headlining tour , the 2009 and 2010 Fearless Tour . During the tour , Swift performed a mashup of a cover version of Justin Timberlake 's `` What Goes Around ... / ... Comes Around '' and `` You 're Not Sorry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "322882188b1e685b4481de1d0537af72", "text": "Bleeding Love `` Bleeding Love '' is a song performed by British singer Leona Lewis , who released it from her 2007 debut studio album , Spirit . Jointly written and composed by American singers and songwriters Jesse McCartney and Ryan Tedder , and produced by Tedder , the song is the album 's lead single ; officially , it was Lewis 's official second single , and followed `` A Moment Like This '' . It was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in October 2007 . Debuting at number one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart , `` Bleeding Love '' became the best-selling single of 2007 in both countries . After the single 's release , it became a major international hit , and was the best-selling single of 2008 worldwide . The single has reached number one in 35 countries , including Japan , Germany and the United States , making it only the second song in history to achieve this feat , Elton John 's `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' being the first . The video first aired on 17 October 2007 , and was uploaded to YouTube on the same day , on which it now has over 138 million views . `` Bleeding Love '' has sold more than one million copies in the United Kingdom , and over 4 million digital downloads in the U.S. , where it was the best-selling digital song there in 2008 . It was named the 17th most successful song in the US from 2000 -- 2009 , on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade . The song achieved a similar feat in the United Kingdom where it was the best-selling single of 2007 , selling 788,000 copies . `` Bleeding Love '' has charted on the UK Singles Chart in three different years : in 2007 it peaked at number one ; 2008 at number 76 ; and 2009 at number 97 . `` Bleeding Love '' was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 51st Grammy Awards . At the 2008 Brit Awards it was nominated for Best British Single . It is Lewis 's biggest hit in the US to date , is still her only single to reach the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 and remains her most successful single worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d5e53ff48d4760ce6480d6463827695", "text": "Let Me Hold You `` Let Me Hold You '' is a song by American rapper Bow Wow . It was the first single off his fourth album , Wanted ( 2005 ) . Released on March 11 , 2005 , the song features American R&B singer Omarion ( the first collaboration they did together ) . It was co-written and co-produced by frequent producer Jermaine Dupri and No I.D. and uses a sample of Luther Vandross ' 1985 version of Brenda Russell 's `` If Only for One Night '' . The song received positive reviews from critics . `` Let Me Hold You '' peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 , making this the first top 10 hit for both Bow Wow and for Omarion as a solo artist . It also became a number-one hit for both artists on the Hot Rap Songs chart and stayed there for seven weeks . The song also peaked at numbers 2 and 10 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Mainstream Top 40 charts respectively , and reached the top 40 in countries like Australia , New Zealand , Ireland and the UK . The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over 1,000,000 copies . A music video , directed by Bryan Barber , was made to promote the single and featured Bow Wow and Omarion hanging out at a house party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0d2266f7425b1a4bf2b3684a1f65613", "text": "The Byrds' Greatest Hits The Byrds ' Greatest Hits is the first greatest hits album by the American rock band The Byrds and was released in August 1967 on Columbia Records ( see 1967 in music ) . It is the top-selling album in The Byrds ' catalogue and reached # 6 on the Billboard Top LPs chart but failed to break into the UK Albums Chart . The album provides a summary of The Byrds ' history during Gene Clark and David Crosby 's tenure with the band and also functions as a survey of the group 's hit singles from 1965 to 1967 , a period when the band had its greatest amount of success on the singles chart . Most of the band 's U.S. A-sides from this period are included on the album , along with three of their more important album tracks : `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' , `` The Bells of Rhymney '' , and `` Chimes of Freedom '' . The three U.S. singles from this period that are not included on the album are `` Set You Free This Time '' , `` Have You Seen Her Face '' and `` Lady Friend '' ( although these songs have been included as bonus tracks on various CD reissues of the album ) . All of the songs included on the original Greatest Hits album can also be found on the band 's first four albums , Mr. Tambourine Man , Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! , Fifth Dimension and Younger Than Yesterday . The eight tracks on The Byrds ' Greatest Hits that had been singles peaked at the following positions on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` 5D ( Fifth Dimension ) '' # 44 ; `` All I Really Want to Do '' # 40 ; `` Mr. Spaceman '' # 36 ; `` My Back Pages '' # 30 ; `` So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star '' # 29 ; `` Eight Miles High '' # 14 ; `` Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! '' # 1 ; and `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' # 1 . In addition , four of the singles included on the album had charted in the United Kingdom , peaking at the following positions on the UK Singles Chart : `` Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! '' # 26 ; `` Eight Miles High '' # 24 ; `` All I Really Want to Do '' # 4 ; and `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' # 1 . In particular , the `` Eight Miles High '' , `` Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! '' , and `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' singles were widely influential during the 1960s , a time when singles , at least in pop music , were as important in their own right as albums , and generally more so . `` Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! '' summed up the decade 's counter-cultural values as much as `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' , '' ( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction '' or `` All You Need Is Love '' , while `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and `` Eight Miles High '' helped to introduce the subgenres of folk rock and psychedelic rock respectively into the popular music of the day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df1668b412735cc72179b60923990d8", "text": "Doin' My Thing Doin ' My Thing is the second studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan . It was released on October 6 , 2009 by Capitol Nashville . The album includes the singles `` Do I , '' which peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart , `` Rain Is a Good Thing '' , Bryan 's first number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart , and `` Someone Else Calling You Baby . '' Also included is a cover version of OneRepublic 's `` Apologize . '' The album has sold over a million copies in the United States by February 2016 . This was Luke 's first album to have a crossover-friendly country-pop sound , which was a departure from the neotraditional country sound of his first album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f", "text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8746a1d571853193ca4fec31876f4f85", "text": "Take a Break Take a Break is the fourth album by Me First and the Gim me Gimmes , released on July 1 , 2003 , on Fat Wreck Chords independent record label . The album consists entirely of cover versions of R&B songs . Like its predecessor , Blow in the Wind , several tracks are led off with appropriations of classic punk ( or related genres like new wave ) riffs ( `` Crazy '' incorporates `` Six Pack '' by Black Flag , `` Save the Best for Last '' includes `` Pretty Vacant '' by The Sex Pistols , and `` I 'll Be There '' borrows the intro from The Cars ' `` Just What I Needed '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd1761da442d1c2476f061beee0a76a", "text": "5th Gear (album) 5th Gear is the fifth studio album by country singer Brad Paisley . It was released June 19 , 2007 , and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 , with first week sales of about 197,000 copies . On April 9 , 2008 , 5th Gear was certified platinum by the RIAA . The album 's first four singles -- `` Ticks '' , `` Online '' , `` Letter to Me '' , and `` I 'm Still a Guy '' -- all reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts . In June 2008 , a re-recording of `` Waitin ' on a Woman '' , a song which Paisley originally recorded for his 2005 album Time Well Wasted , was added as a bonus track to this album . This re-edited version was released in June 2008 as the album 's fifth single . For the chart week of September 20 , 2008 , the song has become his twelfth number-one single and his eighth straight number-one hit . When pre-ordered through iTunes , another bonus track , `` You Love Me So Good '' , was included . In 2009 , NPR picked the album as one of `` The Decade 's 50 Most Important Recordings . '' Blaine Larsen later released a rendition of `` It Did '' in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a41a580053bb3395b92703a6ff388e", "text": "Feel It (Three 6 Mafia song) `` Feel It '' is a song by American hip hop group Three 6 Mafia . It features Tiësto , Sean Kingston and Flo Rida and was produced by Tiësto and DJ Frank E , co-written by Bei Maejor and mixed by Greg Wells . The song was released on December 1 , 2009 . The song debuted at number 65 on the Canadian Hot 100 and reached number 33 on the next week . The song debuted at number 78 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ccc7777e491b3c00b4a02f9f5ab1eb4", "text": "Bounce with Me `` Bounce with Me '' is a hip hop-R & B single by American rapper Lil ' Bow Wow and features Xscape . It is Lil ' Bow Wow 's debut single and the first single from his debut album Beware of Dog . The single samples Love Serenade ( Part II ) by Barry White and went on to spend one week at number one on the U.S. Rap Chart and number twenty on Billboard Hot 100 . The song was featured in the films Big Momma 's House and Hardball via soundtrack and trailer respectively . A radio remix and extended version featuring R.O.C. and Lil ' Mo was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d40584343028f8850fd4c6e9deafdae1", "text": "MakeDamnSure `` MakeDamnSure '' is a song by American rock band Taking Back Sunday . It was released as the first single from their third album , Louder Now . `` MakeDamnSure '' was released to radio on March 14 , 2006 . It has experienced much more success than the band 's other singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and Modern Rock Tracks chart . It is their most successful single to date . The song ranked at # 52 on Rolling Stones `` The 100 Best Songs of 2006 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dab9947ccfbc33db1d18211799aaa244", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2014 (U.S.) The U.S. Dance Club Songs chart is published weekly by Billboard . It compiles the weeks most popular songs from a sample of reporting DJ 's around the country . The first number-one song of 2014 was `` Unconditionally '' by Katy Perry . With remixes by Syn Cole , Manufactured Superstars , Tracy Young and Country Club Martini Crew , it became her twelfth consecutive chart topper , extending her own record for the most number-ones in a row in the thirty-seven year history of the chart . Perry achieved a further three number one singles during the year -- `` Dark Horse '' featuring Juicy J , `` Birthday '' and `` This Is How We Do '' -- with the last becoming her record-extending fifteenth consecutive number-one . Beyoncé was one of three acts to top the chart three times , beginning with `` Blow '' , then `` Partition '' and her twenty-second in total , `` Pretty Hurts '' . Iggy Azalea and Dave Audé achieved three number-ones ; the former with `` Fancy '' featuring Charli XCX , `` Black Widow '' featuring Rita Ora and `` Booty '' , a collaboration with Jennifer Lopez , and Audé with `` Take Me Away '' , `` Aftermath ( Here We Go ) '' and `` Hustlin . Demi Lovato topped the chart twice with `` Neon Lights '' and `` Really Do n't Care '' featuring Cher Lloyd . `` Somebody Loves You '' became Betty Who 's first song to top the chart . Fedde Le Grand and Gregor Salto produced remixes of Mariah Carey 's song `` You 're Mine ( Eternal ) '' , garnering the singer her seventeenth number-one since she first topped the chart with `` Someday '' in 1991 . `` Painkillr '' , by Erika Jayne , became her seventh consecutive number-one on the chart . In addition to `` Black Widow '' , Ora 's own `` I Will Never Let You Down '' topped the chart in June . Enrique Iglesias became the male artist with the most number-one songs in history , with `` Bailando '' featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona becoming his thirteenth . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , a song by Shakira featuring Rihanna , became the former 's sixth and the latter 's twenty-second number-one in April , making Rihanna the second artist with the most entries after Madonna . Shakira also topped the chart with `` Dare ( La La La ) '' in July . Zhu 's song `` Faded '' topped the chart on December 20 . A writer for Complex was surprised that the song only reached number-one in December despite being commercially released in September , writing `` While I 'd love to say that it 's because the song is just that damn good ( which it is ) , Billboard says it 's been helped by the number of remixes from Odesza , Amtrac , and The Magician . '' `` Never Say Never '' by Basement Jaxx became the most-played track of the year from the national sample , ranking atop the Dance Club Songs 2014 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765", "text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bcd276a50bac0e509838e75e1e40a0e", "text": "List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 2008 (U.S.) The Billboard Adult Contemporary chart ranks the best-performing singles in that category in the United States . The first number one song of the year was claimed by Josh Groban with his song `` I 'll Be Home For Christmas '' ( Noël , 2007 ) . It spent one week at number one . The song became Groban 's fifth song to peak at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart . The following week , Colbie Caillat replaced Groban with her song `` Bubbly '' from her debut studio album Coco ( 2007 ) . The song spent 19 consecutive weeks atop the chart , and ranked at number two on the 2008 Adult Contemporary year end chart . `` Bubbly '' was Caillat 's first song to reach number one the Adult Contemporary chart . On May 24 , Sara Bareilles replaced Caillat at number one with her song `` Love Song '' from her debut studio album Little Voice ( 2007 ) . It spent 13 consecutive weeks at number , before Leona Lewis displaced her twice from the peak , therefore spending 15 non-consecutive weeks atop the chart in total . Lewis rose to the number one position on August 23 with her song `` Bleeding Love '' ( Spirit , 2007 ) . The following week on August 30 , Bareilles replaced Lewis at number one , and was displaced again by Lewis on September 6 . Bareilles peaked atop the chart for a final time the following week on September 13 , but was displaced again not by Lewis , but by David Cook on September 20 with his debut single `` The Time of My Life '' . `` Love Song '' ranked at number one on the 2008 Adult Contemporary year end chart . On September 27 , Lewis replaced Cook with `` Bleeding Love '' for a further two consecutive weeks ; the song spent four non-consecutive weeks atop the chart in total and ranked at number four on the 2008 Adult Contemporary year end chart . To date , `` Bleeding Love '' is Lewis ' first and only song to reach number one the Adult Contemporary chart . On October 11 , Cook resumed the number one position with `` The Time of My Life '' for a further 10 consecutive weeks , spending 11 non-consecutive weeks atop the chart in total . It ranked at number eight on the 2008 Adult Contemporary year end chart . On December 20 , Faith Hill replaced Cook at number one with her song `` A Baby Changes Everything '' from her first Christmas album Joy to the World ( 2008 ) . It spent the last two weeks of 2008 at the peak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9659b801cab383da03fbd7e6da496845", "text": "Brasil Hot 100 Airplay Brasil Hot 100 Airplay is the official music singles charts in Brazil . It has been compiled by Crowley Broadcast Analysis and published monthly by Billboard Brasil since the release of the magazine , in October 2009 . Since April 2014 , the Brazilian Billboard began publishing on its Brazilian site , the weekly Hot 100 , as it is , and has always been held at the site , and Billboard magazine in other countries as well as the American Billboard . It is the top 100 songs , both national and international titles , the most varied genres , computed based on the total number of executions in the period indicated and the grid base stations Crowley , that monitors 256 radio stations located in the grid-base stations , made from Monday to Friday from 7 am to 7 pm . This grid includes the cities of São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro , Brasília , Campinas , Ribeirão Preto , Belo Horizonte , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Recife , Salvador , Florianópolis , Fortaleza , Goiânia , Campo Grande , Cuiabá and the Triângulo Mineiro , Vale do Paraíba and Paulista Littoral mesoregions . The first song which reached in number-one on the chart was `` Halo '' by Beyoncé . `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' by Mariah Carey is the longest running number 1 ( 27 weeks ) , followed by Beyoncé 's `` Halo '' ( the most played song in the country , in 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a70b7cc0ea3edace50cc2a1f9126fce7", "text": "James Wilson (House) Dr. James Evan Wilson , M.D. , is a fictional character on the Fox medical drama House . He is played by Robert Sean Leonard . The character first appears in the show 's pilot episode when he introduces a medical case to Dr. Gregory House . Wilson is Dr. House 's only true friend , and frequently provides him with consultations and aid . Wilson is the head of the Department of Oncology at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital . During the show 's run , the characters of House and Wilson have been compared to Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson . Wilson 's portrayer , Robert Sean Leonard , has stated that his character and Dr. House were originally supposed to play these roles ; but Dr. House 's diagnostic team has taken over Dr. Watson 's part . Leonard also read the script of the pilot episode of CBS ' Numb3rs and was planning to audition . He auditioned for House instead because he felt he would more enjoy playing the character that House went to for help and because he liked The Odd Couple dynamic of the relationship . The character was positively received . Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger described Wilson as `` the only irreplaceable supporting character '' of the show , as well as Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune , who stated that Wilson can `` never , never , never , never '' leave the show . The character 's name is derived from two neighboring buildings ( James Administration Building and Wilson Hall ) at McGill University 's downtown campus , in Montreal , Quebec .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e74e466a6ebd97729401b2171abdf91a", "text": "Tessa James Tessa James ( born 17 April 1991 ) is an Australian actress who is best known for the role of Nicole Franklin in the Australian soap opera Home and Away .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db757a6a8b92c48298767de8f4bfd41", "text": "James Leo Herlihy James Leo Herlihy ( -LSB- ˈhɜrləhi -RSB- February 27 , 1927October 21 , 1993 ) was an American novelist , playwright and actor . Herlihy is known for his novels Midnight Cowboy and All Fall Down , and his play Blue Denim , all of which were adapted for cinema . Other publications include The Season of the Witch and several short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb5a280496c6840c4c15eb6bd67efcaf", "text": "Chandra Wilson Chandra Danette Wilson ( born August 27 , 1969 ) is an American actress , known for her role as Dr. Miranda Bailey in the ABC television drama Grey 's Anatomy since 2005 , for which she has been nominated for the Emmy for Best Supporting Actress four times . She made her New York stage debut in 1991 and began to land guest spots on a variety of prime-time television shows . She made her first film appearance in the 1993 film Philadelphia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd7a2a5bbf44c7974f1c6ae9f0f84a45", "text": "Jenny Platt Jennifer `` Jenny '' Platt ( born 24 September 1979 ) is an English actress best known for her role as Violet Wilson in the long-running television soap Coronation Street . Her first appearance was on 8 October 2004 . Platt was born in Ipswich , Suffolk . She trained at East 15 Acting School , and has appeared in many theatre roles . Prior to the role of Violet in Coronation Street , she had small roles in TV series ' including The Bill , Where the Heart Is and Foyle 's War . In September 2008 Platt appeared in The Merchant of Venice playing the role of Narissa at the Octagon Theatre in Bolton until the run ended in November 2008 . Broadcast on 24 April 2011 ( Easter Sunday ) , Jenny Platt made a brief appearance as Violet in a special edition Coronation Street feature episode which featured Sean Tully ( played by Anthony Cotton ) travelling to London to visit his baby son , Dylan . Other cast to return in the feature episode were Charlie Condou ( playing Marcus Dent ) , Bruno Langley ( playing Todd Grimshaw ) and Rupert Hill ( playing Jamie Baldwin ) . On 11 February 2012 , Jenny appeared in Casualty playing Tracey , a Hotel cleaner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36da61bc893defb39457e3f9c819efc2", "text": "Jesse Luken Jesse Christopher Luken ( born 1983 ) is an American actor , producer , and writer . He is known for playing Jimmy Tolan in the FX drama series Justified and Eric in the CW science fiction romance series Star-Crossed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6ab1fb7f2e447120e78f1c0641bf024", "text": "James Paxton (actor) James Paxton ( born February 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor . He is known for co-starring in the USA drama series Eyewitness as Lukas Waldenbeck . He switched from journalism to film in college before he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting . He is the son of the late actor Bill Paxton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9deb967fc37472c8855bf99225f4ef9", "text": "James Wilson (priest) James Maurice Wilson ( 6 November 1836 , Castletown , Isle of Man -- 15 April 1931 , Steep , Petersfield , Hampshire , England ) was a British priest in the Church of England as well as a theologian , teacher and astronomer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf8aa6e93442288cc3febfba77e65ff7", "text": "Repairman Jack Repairman Jack is a character in a series of novels by F. Paul Wilson . Jack initially was just one protagonist in a string of related novels , but then gained his own series known as The Repairman Jack series . This series of novels uses realistic , thriller-like situations to tell a story with a broad supernatural theme . It is technically a spin-off branch of the aforementioned larger , overarching supernatural horror series , The Adversary Cycle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ba7c104558fc8dab11e0d9b7da1ddb", "text": "Richard Wilson (Australian actor) Richard Wilson ( born 23 October 1984 in Leicester , Leicestershire , England ) is a British-born Australian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b067f4bf0aaa83eb18fe1900b77afce", "text": "James Costigan James Costigan ( March 31 , 1926 -- December 19 , 2007 ) was an American television actor and Emmy Award-winning television screenwriter . His writing credited included the Eleanor and Franklin and Love Among the Ruins television movies . Costigan was born on March 31 , 1926 in East Los Angeles , where his parents owned and operated a hardware store . He first achieved some level of success in the 1950s , when he began being hired to write television anthology series , such as Studio One and Kraft Television Theatre . Costigan won his first Emmy for original teleplay in 1959 for Little Moon of Alban , a segment which appeared as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame . He earned a second Emmy nomination in for his script adaptation of The Turn of the Screw in 1959 . He did not win , but Ingrid Bergman won an Emmy for her performance in The Turn of the Screw . He increasingly began writing for the stage as the format of television began to change . His Broadway credits included Baby Want a Kiss , a 1964 comedy which starred Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman . He returned to screenwriting for television in the early 1970s . His 1970s work included A War of Children , written in 1972 , which was about two families , one Roman Catholic and one Protestant , in Northern Ireland , whose long time friendship is threatened by sectarian violence . He won a second Emmy Award for Love Among the Ruins , a 1975 television movie set in Edwardian England , which starred Katharine Hepburn and Laurence Olivier . His third Emmy win was for Eleanor and Franklin ( 1976 ) , a two-part , four-hour-long television drama focusing on the lives of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "611cfe39ad30da9039814053076bca9e", "text": "Andrew P. Wilson Andrew P. Wilson ( born 1886 in Edinburgh , Scotland ) , was a UK director , playwright , teacher , and actor . He acted as General Manager for the Abbey Theatre in Dublin , Ireland in 1914-15 . There , he produced his own play , The Slough , about Irish poor . He was also one of the co-creators of The Scottish National Players ( 1921 -- 1924 ) . In 1924 he directed a series of silent films adapted from the golf stories of P.G. Wodehouse . The films featured actor Harry Beasley as a caddie who observes the humorous dramas of various golfers , thus providing a connective tissue between the short films . ( In the short stories , this function is performed by The Oldest Member of a golfing club . ) Wilson wrote radio plays for the BBC , including the series `` Sandy and Andy '' that ran between 1936 and 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9", "text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cc24143c75fecf1802bb7e6bba63baa", "text": "List of Blindspot episodes Blindspot is an American crime drama television series created by Martin Gero , starring Sullivan Stapleton and Jaimie Alexander . The series was ordered by NBC on May 1 , 2015 , and premiered on September 21 , 2015 . A back nine order was given on October 9 , 2015 , bringing the first season to a total of 22 episodes , plus an additional episode bringing the order to 23 episodes . On November 9 , 2015 , NBC renewed Blindspot for a second season , which premiered on September 14 , 2016 . On May 10 , 2017 , NBC renewed the series for a third season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cf0f6b6469c15daa6d98a030c18477", "text": "Looking After Jo Jo Looking After Jo Jo is a 1998 BBC Scotland television drama starring Robert Carlyle . John Joseph ( Jo Jo ) McCann ( Carlyle ) has been a habitual criminal since childhood , when he pilfered cash boxes for his dad . He 's been in and out of prison ever since . He lives in a high rise council flat with his mother and sister . It is set in and around the North Sighthill housing estate . Looking After JoJo traces the career of a petty thief turned drug dealer in 1980 's Edinburgh . The title character is a pleasant if misguided young man surviving in a bleak housing estate and aspiring to the trappings of a successful criminal . Unfortunately for him , and for most of the other characters in the mini-series , it is a time of heroin addiction and AIDS . We watch JoJo become ensnared in the drugs scene and his deterioration is both painful to watch and very moving . Robert Carlyle 's performance is extraordinarily complex and textured . He is ably supported by Jenny McCrindle , Ewan Stewart and Trainspotting 's Kevin McKidd . This is n't the fast-moving MTV drug scene of Trainspotting but a more character-oriented , leisurely look at the human cost of drug addiction .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a3ba3afc52613067beee383503e2c133", "text": "List of Formula One circuits Formula One , abbreviated to F1 , is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) , motorsport 's world governing body . The `` formula '' in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and vehicles must conform . The Formula One World Championship season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix , usually held on purpose-built circuits , and in a few cases on closed city streets . The results of each race are combined to determine two annual Championships , one for drivers and one for constructors . The first World Championship Grand Prix was held in at Silverstone ; since then 71 circuits have hosted a Grand Prix . Circuits such as the Nürburgring have hosted Grands Prix using different configurations . The first race at the Nürburgring used the 22.835 km configuration , but concerns over safety meant that more recent Grands Prix have used a shorter , safer circuit . F1 circuits were predominantly in Europe during the early years of the championship , as the sport has expanded so has the location of its circuits . The expansion into Asia and America has been a recent occurrence . Of the 20 circuits that hosted a Grand Prix in , nearly half were not on the calendar before . The Autodromo Nazionale Monza has hosted the most Grands Prix ; it has been used as the circuit for the Italian Grand Prix 66 times . The only season it did not host a race was in , when the Italian Grand Prix was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari . The Baku City Circuit became the 71st circuit to host a Grand Prix , when it held the European Grand Prix in 2016 . The longest circuit to have hosted a Grand Prix is the Pescara Circuit , which hosted the 1957 Pescara Grand Prix . The 25.800 km long circuit in Pescara , Italy , held the annual Coppa Acerbo race ; in it was included as part of the World Championship , a race which Stirling Moss won . As some circuits have hosted Grands Prix using different configurations , the most recent configuration used is listed in the table below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f4ee950d445a881b0ffc4fe2e388fad", "text": "Formula One Formula One ( also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship ) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) . The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950 , although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983 . The `` formula '' , designated in the name , refers to a set of rules , to which all participants ' cars must conform . The F1 season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( from French , meaning grand prizes ) , held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads . The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships , one for drivers , one for constructors . The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races are required to be held on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA . Most events are held in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but there are several events in city centres throughout the world , with the Monaco Grand Prix being the most famous example . Formula One cars are the fastest road course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm . The cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of six g in corners . The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronicsalthough traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008and on aerodynamics , suspension , and tyres . The formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport . While Europe is the sport 's traditional base , and hosts about half of each year 's races , the sport 's scope has expanded significantly and an increasing number of Grands Prix are held on other continents . F1 had a total global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season . Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular type internationally in the second half of the twentieth century . The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights . With the cost of designing and building mid-tier cars being of the order of $ 120 million , Formula One 's economic effect and creation of jobs are significant , and its financial and political battles are widely reported . Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment , which has resulted in great investments from sponsors and budgets in the hundreds of millions for the constructors . Since 2000 the sport 's spiralling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favouring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy . On 8 September 2016 it was announced that Liberty Media Corp. had agreed to buy Delta Topco , the company that controls Formula One , from private equity firm CVC Capital Partners for $ 4.4 billion in cash , stock and convertible debt . On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $ 8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a2a51dad7969d7eb10124fd878ef433", "text": "Auto racing Auto racing ( also known as car racing , motor racing or automobile racing ) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition . Almost as soon as automobiles had been invented , races of various sorts were organised , with the first recorded as early as 1867 . Many of the earliest events were effectively reliability trials , aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport , but soon became an important way for competing makers to demonstrate their machines . By the 1930s specialist racing cars had developed . There are now numerous different categories , each with different rules and regulations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9cc999fab3a7b437cd9b76cd4877c108", "text": "Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton , MBE ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver from England , currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team . A three-time Formula One World Champion , he is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He won his first title with McLaren in 2008 before moving to Mercedes , where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 . In December 1995 , at the age of ten , he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him , `` I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren . '' Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme . After winning the British Formula Renault , Formula Three Euroseries , and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder , he drove for McLaren in 2007 , making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis . Hamilton 's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive . Coming from a mixed background , with a black father and white mother , Hamilton is the first black driver to race in Formula One . Hamilton commented on this , saying `` The way I see it , my colour is an advantage in that it 's something people talk about '' , `` Being the first black man does n't matter much to me personally , but for the sport itself it probably means quite a lot . '' In his first season in Formula One , Hamilton set numerous records while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship , just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen . He won the World Championship the following season in dramatic fashion , becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history before Sebastian Vettel broke the record two years later . Following his second world title in 2014 , he was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year . In 2015 , he became the first British driver in history to win consecutive F1 titles , and the second British driver to win three titles after Jackie Stewart . He also became the first English driver to reach that milestone . He is the first driver in the history of F1 to have made the podium after starting 20th place or lower at least 3 times . He is the only driver in the history of the sport to have won at least one race in each season he has competed to date , with McLaren from 2007 until 2012 , and with Mercedes since 2013 . He has more race victories than any other British driver in the history of Formula One . His Grand Prix victories is the second highest of all-time having surpassed Alain Prost 's total of 51 at the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix , behind only Michael Schumacher at 91 . Hamilton also holds the record for most wins in the season without winning the World Championship , after winning 10 times in the 2016 season where he finished runner-up to teammate Nico Rosberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dda5e06dd38c1855028e0d67f0344c55", "text": "Alfa Corse Alfa Corse is Alfa Romeo 's factory racing team . Throughout the years , Alfa Corse has competed in various forms of motorsport , from Grand Prix motor racing to touring car racing . Alfa Corse was officially formed in the beginning of 1938 , after the racing department was moved back from unofficial factory team Scuderia Ferrari to `` Il Portello '' . Enzo Ferrari was still in charge of department , but left one year later to build his own cars under the name Auto-Avio Costruzioni . From 1961 Alfa Romeo factory racing team was run by Autodelta . Alfa Romeo was purchased by the Fiat Group in 1986 , and in 1987 , Giorgio Pianta was moved from the management of Abarth to restart Alfa Corse . After aborted attempts at producing the 164 Procar with Brabham and moving into the World Sports Prototype Championship , Alfa Corse settled on a return to touring car racing , starting with the Italian CIVT series , in 1992 , with the 155 GTA . In 1993 , Alfa Corse entered the DTM with the AWD V6-powered 155 TI , and created a Supertouring model , that would on got win the Italian Superturismo , the BTCC and the Spanish Touring Car Championship . Alfa Romeo withdrew from the DTM ( now named International Touring Car Challenge ) at the end of 1996 , and Pianta was replaced by Francesco Galletto . When the 156 replaced the 155 , it was developed for Supertouring and Superproduction classes , racing in the European Touring Car Championship . In 2001 , Alfa Corse merged with Mauro Sipsz 's independent firm , Nordauto Engineering , to form N.Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c8361d99af7f99037dcfc4acacaea5", "text": "2004 Formula One season The 2004 Formula One season was the 58th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship , which was contested over an eighteen event series which ran from 7 March to 24 October 2004 . The championship was dominated by Michael Schumacher and Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro with the German driver winning the Drivers ' Championship for the fifth consecutive year since 2000 and the Italian constructor winning the Constructors ' Championship for the sixth straight season since 1999 . Also notable were the success of BAR and Renault , and the relatively poor performance of Williams and McLaren . Michael Schumacher won 12 of the first 13 races and eventually scored 13 race victories , breaking his own record of 11 race wins in a season , set in 2002 . He also won a record seventh Drivers ' Championship with his teammate Rubens Barrichello winning two of the last four races and finishing second in the title . Jenson Button , though failing to win a grand prix , secured ten podium finishes and one pole position to finish third in the Drivers ' Championship . Along with Japanese teammate Takuma Sato , Button delivered BAR an impressive second place in the Constructors ' Championship behind Ferrari . Four of the ten teams , Ferrari , Renault , Jaguar , and Toyota , were subsidiaries of major car companies and one , BAR , was a division of a tobacco company . Williams and McLaren , both privately owned teams , had engine supply agreements with major car companies , BMW and Mercedes-Benz respectively , and Honda produced engines for BAR . The other three teams , Jordan , Sauber and Minardi , were also privately owned but received little substantial sponsorship , and consequently tended to end up toward the back of the grid . Sauber received Ferrari engines badged under the Petronas name , and also received sponsorship from the Malaysian oil and gas company . This season saw the Minardi team score their first points since 2002 , with Zsolt Baumgartner finishing 8th at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . The 2004 Canadian Grand Prix was a very dramatic race . First , Timo Glock replaced Giorgio Pantano in this race , due to personal circumstances for Pantano . Then , Williams and Toyota were excluded from the race due to an irregularity in the brake ducts . That meant the Jordan team was the main beneficiary of the disqualifications , with Nick Heidfeld and Timo Glock both scoring points , Glock in his debut Formula One race . Immediately before the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , Giorgio Pantano was dropped by the Jordan team and Timo Glock replaced him for the last 3 races . Ralf Schumacher had a difficult season . He suffered a massive accident during the 2004 United States Grand Prix and was out of action for 6 races . Marc Gené and Antônio Pizzonia replaced him during his absence . Jarno Trulli 's relationship with the Renault team deteriorated after his first victory at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . He left the team after the 2004 Italian Grand Prix , which was also Pantano 's last race for the Jordan team . Former world champion Jacques Villeneuve replaced Jarno Trulli at Renault for the final 3 races . Trulli missed the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , but he returned in the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix and the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix with the Toyota team . That meant the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix was Jarno Trulli 's first race with the new team . Cristiano da Matta 's string of disappointing results during the season led to his replacement by test driver Ricardo Zonta from Hungary onwards except the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . Da Matta did not race for Toyota again and in 2005 he returned to Champ Car racing . This was Olivier Panis 's last season as he decided to retire from the race seat after 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . However he stayed with the Toyota team , as the test driver . 2004 was the final season for Jaguar Racing and engine manufacturer Ford , as they both withdrew from Formula One at the end of the year . This season saw all ten teams score at least one World Championship point . From the 2004 season onward , all teams which had not finished in the top four in the previous year 's Constructors ' Championship were allowed to run a third car in the Friday practice session before each grand prix , for testing purposes . Other teams were also permitted to have test drivers , although they were not allowed to compete in Friday practice . Sauber chose not to run its third driver in these sessions because of the added expense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3394ad45d3473c64a6d0da14f2458e74", "text": "Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 . The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner . The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented . In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season . The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included . The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team . Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d7b5d3e61f6f9e6e1523d627f90b17", "text": "1966 in motorsport The following is an overview of the events of 1966 in motorsport including the major racing events , motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year , championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year , births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cc9d412b2ec36857def5b7d380acb1a", "text": "FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1984) FIA European Formula 3 Championship was a former European Formula Three racing competition , organised by the FIA . The series started in 1966 as a one-race event for national teams , named the Formula 3 Nations European Cup . In 1975 , with the introduction of a new regulation for 2000 cc cars , the series was expanded into a proper championship . It was cancelled in 1984 , and it was replaced by the European Formula Three Cup the next year , returning to a one-event format . In 1987 , the EFDA started a new pan-European championship , named F3 Euroseries , but it ran for a single season . A proper continental series , re-using the Formula 3 Euro Series name , started in 2003 , from the merger of the German and French championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a0ac161c0d976fa426d1f4dbef26638", "text": "2015 Auto GP Series The 2015 Auto GP Series was the sixth year of Auto GP , and the sixteenth season of the former Euroseries 3000 . The championship began on 2 May at the Hungaroring and was scheduled to finish after six double-header rounds at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya , on 4 October . To guarantee a field of at least 18 cars each race , the Auto GP Organisation , led by Enzo Coloni , announced a cooperation deal with ISRA , the Dutch company led by Henk de Jong that organised the 2014 Formula Acceleration 1 season . However , the partnership between the Auto GP Organisation and ISRA was discontinued as Auto GP prepared for round one , due to ISRA 's apparent lack of commitment . It was also announced that the 2015 Auto GP champion will be given a Formula One test . This attempt to extend the season did not succeed however . On 26 June , the day before the third meeting at Paul Ricard , the season was postponed because of a lack of grid numbers . In October 2015 , the season was `` archived '' after four of the scheduled six events had been cancelled due to a lack of entries . Antônio Pizzonia had been leading the drivers ' championship by eleven points , after winning two of the first four races . Second place was held by Facu Regalia , who won the season-opening race at Silverstone , while the only other race-winner Luís Sá Silva , was lying third in the championship , another 15 points in arrears . With the victories of Pizzonia and Sá Silva , Zele Racingheld the lead of the teams ' championship with 132 points , 37 points ahead of the second-placed team , FMS Racing . However , due to the series cancellation , no championship titles were awarded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b20c443ba424ac04bc96f370c7d44bdf", "text": "F1 2000 (disambiguation) F1 2000 may refer to : The 2000 Formula One season , the 51st FIA Formula One World Championship season EA Sports F1 2000 , a video game by EA based on the above F1 season released as part of the EA Sports F1 Series Formula One 2000 ( video game ) , a video game by Psygnosis , based on the above F1 season F1 Championship Season 2000 , a video game by EA Sports , based on the above F1 season", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58e6f820fba601ac1babe1b942b347dc", "text": "2015 Monaco Grand Prix The 2015 Monaco Grand Prix , formally known as the Grand Prix de Monaco 2015 , was a Formula One motor race that was held on 24 May 2015 at the Circuit de Monaco , a street circuit that runs through the principality of Monaco . It was the sixty-second running of the race as a World Championship event , and seventy-third running overall . Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton entered the race with a twenty-point lead over teammate and defending race winner Nico Rosberg in the Drivers ' Championship , with Mercedes having a seventy-point lead over Ferrari in the Constructors ' Championship . World Champion Lewis Hamilton secured his first ever Monaco pole position during Saturday 's qualifying . In the race , Nico Rosberg took his third consecutive win at Monaco , second win of the season , and the tenth of his career , while Sebastian Vettel finished second . Championship leader Hamilton , who had led for most of the race , moved from first into third place following a `` pit stop misjudgement '' during a late safety car period , for which his team , Mercedes , later apologised . The renewed McLaren-Honda partnership scored its first points since Honda 's return to the sport . With Rosberg 's victory , he was able to reduce his deficit in the World Drivers ' Championship to ten points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766d61771729377a874ad01dbe3a0f62", "text": "GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 . As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams . The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail . Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced . Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed501917b734b7ee7910d9617bfeacd", "text": "1962 Formula One season The 1962 Formula One season was the 16th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers which were contested concurrently over a nine race series that commenced on 20 May and ended on 29 December . The season also included a number of non-championship races for Formula One cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a68921c80143601f9180d0d40102387", "text": "1984 in motorsport The following is an overview of the events of 1984 in motorsport including the major racing events , motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year , championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year , births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ee2a26e81c1a491339ca64be9974ff", "text": "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars World Championship The World Championship is an annual competition started in 1955 for BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars . It is the premier championship of the formula and the winner is granted the honour of racing with a gold roof and wing until the next World Final , and if desired they can race under number 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf726d15753b352bab9360ac3123a05", "text": "European Formula Two Championship The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967 -- 84 . The races were held across Europe , and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice . The series was sanctioned by the FIA , motorsports world governing body . In order to prevent the series being dominated by Formula One drivers , the grading system was introduced where successful Formula One drivers and recent Formula Two champions were not eligible to score championship points if they competed in a round of the European Formula Two Championship . Towards the end of the series life , the number of entrants diminished and declining interest meant that it was replaced by the Formula 3000 class following the 1984 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "892d867ef5c0912358c30d62741d4c73", "text": "Mille Miglia The Mille Miglia ( -LSB- ˈmille ˈmiʎʎa -RSB- , Thousand Miles ) was an open-road endurance race which took place in Italy twenty-four times from 1927 to 1957 ( thirteen before the war , eleven from 1947 ) . Like the older Targa Florio and later the Carrera Panamericana , the MM made Gran Turismo ( Grand Touring ) sports cars like Alfa Romeo , BMW , Ferrari , Maserati , Mercedes Benz and Porsche famous . The race brought out an estimated five million spectators . From 1953 until 1957 , the Mille Miglia was also a round of the World Sports Car Championship . Since 1977 , the `` Mille Miglia '' has been reborn as a regularity race for classic and vintage cars . Participation is limited to cars , produced no later than 1957 , which had attended ( or were registered ) to the original race . The route ( Brescia-Rome round trip ) is similar to that of the original race , maintaining the point of departure / arrival in Viale Venezia in Brescia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9c6ea3a693796359e223fece1a4e9", "text": "Bahrain Grand Prix The Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One Championship race in Bahrain sponsored by Gulf Air . The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004 . It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East , and was given the award for the `` Best Organised Grand Prix '' by the FIA . The Bahrain Grand Prix has usually been the third race of the Formula One calendar . However , in the 2006 season , Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener , the Australian Grand Prix , which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games . In 2010 , Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km `` Endurance Circuit '' to celebrate F1 's ` diamond jubilee ' . The 2011 Grand Prix , due to be held on 13 March , was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested . Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities . Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety , but the race , nonetheless , was held as planned on 22 April 2012 . In 2014 , to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix , the race was held as a night event under floodlights . In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008 . Bahrain 's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton . Subsequent races have also been night races . Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing , Grand Prix organizers for Bahrain announced a decision to name the first corner of the iconic track after former seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after the driver suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb5ecd34ad6d743b49889b855acd83b", "text": "1984 Formula One season The 1984 Formula One season was the 38th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers which were contested concurrently over a sixteen-race series which commenced on 25 March , and ended on 21 October . In the Drivers ' Championship , the season became a duel between McLaren 's Alain Prost and Niki Lauda . Prost won 7 races to Lauda 's 5 , including the last two Grands Prix of the year , but Lauda eventually prevailed by half a point -- the smallest margin in Formula One history . The Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers was awarded to McLaren . This season featured the last driver of the 20th century to both drive in the F1 championship and to compete at the Indianapolis 500 in the same season , Teo Fabi . His feat would not be repeated until the 2017 season , when Fernando Alonso also participated at the Indy 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c66e75bed7b7d08d149d81881ff9cc", "text": "2014 in motorsport The following is an overview of the events of 2014 in motorsport including the major racing events , motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year , championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year , births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "597171e456011125b15dde6f51b7e973", "text": "Terminator Genisys Terminator Genisys is a 2015 American science fiction action film directed by Alan Taylor and written by Laeta Kalogridis and Patrick Lussier . The fifth installment in the Terminator franchise , it serves as a soft reboot to the film series that features the main characters from the first two films , portrayed by a new cast with the exception of Arnold Schwarzenegger , who reprises his role as the eponymous character . The film stars Schwarzenegger , Jason Clarke , Emilia Clarke and Jai Courtney . The plot follows soldier Kyle Reese in the war against Skynet ; Kyle is sent from the year 2029 to 1984 by John Connor , leader of the Human Resistance , to protect Connor 's mother Sarah from Skynet 's android agent . When Kyle arrives in the past , he discovers that the timeline has been altered and Sarah has been raised by his quarry 's reprogrammed facsimile , and must travel to 2017 to stop a dangerous scheme from Skynet and face its advanced enforcer , the T-3000 , with his new allies . Megan Ellison and her production company , Annapurna Pictures , acquired the franchise rights in May 2011 . The following year , production of another installment in the series was set up in collaboration with Skydance Productions ( owned by Ellison 's brother , David ) . The Ellisons consulted Terminator creator James Cameron in the hope of returning to the spirit of the original film , The Terminator , and its sequel , Terminator 2 : Judgment Day . Principal photography was primarily in New Orleans , with some in the on-screen setting of San Francisco . Six companies handled the film 's visual effects ; its prosthetic make-up and animatronics were created by Legacy Effects , a studio founded by Terminator veteran Stan Winston . The film was released by Paramount Pictures on July 1 , 2015 , in standard digital format , RealD 3D , and IMAX 3D . Terminator Genisys was not well received by critics , who found the story and performances unsatisfactory , although Schwarzenegger 's return to the franchise was praised . It grossed over $ 440 million worldwide , making it the second-highest-grossing film of the franchise and Schwarzenegger 's career ( after Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "03aca196b0a8d9d1dd4691771593f791", "text": "Droid (robot) A droid is a fictional robot possessing some degree of artificial intelligence in the Star Wars science fiction franchise . Coined by special effects artist John Stears , the term is a clipped form of `` android '' , a word originally reserved for robots designed to look and act like a human . The word `` droid '' has been a registered trademark of Lucasfilm Ltd since 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d810276add2ae00f6e8089b7fbc27ae", "text": "Saints Row: The Third downloadable content Downloadable content for Saints Row : The Third was announced before the game 's November 2011 release along with a commitment from publisher THQ to support 40 weeks of content . Among smaller upgrades , three main content packs were released : Genkibowl VII , Gangstas in Space , and The Trouble with Clones . Reviewers found all three packs short -- around an hour in length -- and considered The Trouble with Clones the best of the bunch . Genkibowl VII , released in January 2012 , brought four new activity types to Steelport around a Professor Genki-themed competition . Sad Panda Skyblazing , the only one of the four activities to not modify an existing activity type , was the reviewers ' favorite . Gangstas in Space , released in February , is a three-mission story about a Saints-themed film production starring the player and fighting aliens . The Trouble with Clones , released in March , has the player tracking down and quelling a rampant clone of Saints leader Johnny Gat . Reviewers highly praised its `` Saints Flow '' superpower sequences , and questioned why they could not have been unlocked in the main game afterwards . All download packs offered unlocks upon their completion . The Full Package , a version containing all of the game 's downloadable content on disc alongside the main game , was released in November . Some of the smaller content items include costume , vehicle , and ability unlocks . THQ planned a standalone expansion of the game called Enter the Dominatrix . It was originally announced as an April Fool 's joke , but was confirmed and later spun into Saints Row IV 's downloadable content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693af4bcd81630a94c6d431180db1a3a", "text": "The Terminator: Future Shock The Terminator : Future Shock is a first-person shooter computer game , based in the fictional Terminator universe . It was released by Bethesda Softworks in 1995 . It was one of the first games in the first-person shooter genre to feature true , fully texture-mapped 3D environments and enemies , and pioneered the use of mouse-look control , months before the release of Quake further popularized these conventions . Along with the usual information and credits , the game manual comes with many illustrations , including an artist 's image of the game design team dressed corresponding to some of their personality traits and pet projects , such as designer Robert Stoll sporting his prototype Gauss gun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825f10cd66a1d507c801b6f952b1b08f", "text": "F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions . The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl . F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11852e832af2e497fc940afe9dc425e", "text": "Mordin Solus Mordin Solus is a fictional character in BioWare 's Mass Effect franchise , who serves as a party member ( or `` squadmate '' ) in Mass Effect 2 . A salarian ( one of Mass Effects alien races ) physician and life scientist , Mordin strengthened a weakening artificial sterility plague , named the genophage , used against the krogan -- a fast-breeding warlike alien race . Fast-talking and affable , Mordin is guided by scientific principles and logic rather than morals . He returns in Mass Effect 3 , where he has developed a cure for the genophage and intends to distribute it in the atmosphere of Tuchanka , the krogan homeworld . The character is also featured in the ninth issue of Mass Effect : Foundation , which explores his creation of and the distribution of the strengthened genophage . Mordin is voiced by Michael Beattie in 2 and William Salyers in 3 , and was written by Patrick Weekes . His race was conceived as a variant of the gray alien archetype , while the character is designed with clothes that hint towards a labcoat . Inspiration for his face was taken from Clint Eastwood . David Kates composed his musical theme , a highly electronic piece in comparison to some of 2s more orchestral pieces . The character has been positively received , being nominated for three `` Best New Character '' awards and earning numerous placements in `` top character '' lists . In addition , 1UP . com ran an article focusing on how Mordin was `` awesome '' . At one point in the second game , Mordin sings an alternate version of Gilbert and Sullivan 's Major-General 's Song ; numerous critics considered it one of the trilogy 's best moments . As with other Mass Effect squadmates , merchandise for Mordin has been made , such as a bust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b2e9e66a890898780960c95c4da27b", "text": "J9 Series The is a trilogy of Japanese Super Robot mecha anime television series . The anime were broadcast by TV Tokyo ( TX Network ) from 1981 to 1984 , the 80 's trilogy was animated by Kokusai Eiga-sha and produced by Movie International Co.Ltd . In 2014 , a fourth series was announced to be in production for a 2016 release , with the original creative and production team reunited after 30 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c7e6e5d04ebbd64303008ab55a8e60", "text": "Space Squad is a set of two V-Cinema movies , first released in Japanese theaters in June 17 , 2017 while DVD and Blu-Ray releases were made on separate dates . It features the crossover between 2012 Metal Hero Series movie Space Sheriff Gavan : The Movie and the twenty-eighth Super Sentai Series entry Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , both works are distributed by Toei Company . In addition , past actors from Metal Hero Series are also set to appear as guests in the films . Both director Koichi Sakamoto and writer Naruhisa Arakawa previously worked in Space Sheriffs : Next Generation . Another work from Space Sheriff Gavan was planned since 2015 but production was moved to 2016 due to Sakamoto 's scheduling conflicts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a99eeaa6386a89559fb6dbaba07f302", "text": "System Shock System Shock is a 1994 first-person action role-playing video game developed by Looking Glass Technologies and published by Origin Systems . It was directed by Doug Church with Warren Spector serving as producer . The game is set aboard a space station in a cyberpunk vision of the year 2072 . Assuming the role of a nameless hacker , the player attempts to hinder the plans of a malevolent artificial intelligence called SHODAN . System Shock 3D engine , physics simulation and complex gameplay have been cited as both innovative and influential . The developers sought to build on the emergent gameplay and immersive environments of their previous games , Ultima Underworld : The Stygian Abyss and Ultima Underworld II : Labyrinth of Worlds , by streamlining their mechanics into a more `` integrated whole '' . Critics praised System Shock and hailed it as a major breakthrough in its genre . It was later placed on multiple hall of fame lists . The game was a moderate commercial success , with sales exceeding 170,000 copies , but Looking Glass ultimately lost money on the project . A sequel , System Shock 2 , was released by Looking Glass Studios and offshoot developer Irrational Games in 1999 . The 2000 game Deus Ex ( also produced by Spector ) and the 2007 game BioShock are spiritual successors to the two games . A remade version of the original game by Night Dive Studios is scheduled for release in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edd494ed62e43b0917c106f5fe2837b2", "text": "Star Trek Generations (video game) Star Trek Generations is a first person shooter with adventure game and strategy game elements by MicroProse , based on Star Trek Generations , the seventh film in the Star Trek film franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff677cb525003758f8016b1b43af92e1", "text": "Remake A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier work and tells the same , or a very similar , story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62571959d6cd5ff6fe31d4c515342111", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird . The first film in the series , titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise 's popularity and was a commercial success . The success of the film garnered two direct sequels , respectively released in 1991 and 1993 , and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as TMNT building on the success of the 2003 -- 09 TV series . The series was rebooted in a new film made by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , released on August 8 , 2014 . The sequel was released on June 3 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1917f0e6d6e4d9cbebe58eaafd3738ba", "text": "Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles ( sometimes abbreviated as Terminator : TSCC or simply TSCC ) is an American science fiction television series that aired on Fox . The show was produced by Warner Bros. . Television , and C2 Pictures ( C2 Pictures was replaced by The Halcyon Company in season two ) . It is a spin-off from the Terminator series of films . It revolves around the lives of the fictional characters Sarah and John Connor , following the events of Terminator 2 : Judgment Day , and ignoring the events of the 2003 sequel Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines and the following films . The series premiered on Sunday , January 13 , 2008 , on the U.S. television network Fox . Production for the series was provided by the Judgment Day and Rise of the Machines producers and C2 Pictures , Sony Pictures Entertainment ( International ) co-presidents Mario Kassar and Andrew G. Vajna , C2 Senior Vice President James Middleton , David Nutter and Josh Friedman , who not only served as Executive Producer but also wrote the script for the first two episodes . The show opened mid-season with a shortened run of nine episodes , January through March 2008 . It was the highest-rated new scripted series of the 2007 -- 08 television season and was renewed for a second season , which began on September 8 , 2008 , and ended April 10 , 2009 ( The same year Warner Bros. and the Halcyon Company produced McG 's Terminator Salvation ) . On May 18 , 2009 , despite fan efforts , Fox Entertainment president Kevin Reilly announced Fox would not renew the show for a third season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aab0e5b739dfd04e49502582711fee", "text": "Robotech (novels) In 1987 , the Robotech animated series was adapted into novel form by authors James Luceno and Brian Daley and published by Del Rey Books . Having previously collaborated on the animated series Galaxy Rangers , the pair 's Robotech novels were released under the unified pseudonym of `` Jack McKinney '' . Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune , McKinney 's novels escaped the limitations inherent in the dubbed cartoon and fleshed out its chronology in greater detail ; most significantly , by adapting the storyline of the aborted sequel project , `` The Sentinels '' . The entire series lasted for twenty-one books , the first fifteen of which were later collected into five three-book omnibus compilations in the early 1990s . The original twelve novels were written to a tight twelve-month deadline , so that the books could be released one per month . Under this deadline , Daley and Luceno divided the Robotech timeline into twelve segments and worked on different segments simultaneously ( i.e. Daley wrote Book 1 while Luceno wrote Book 2 ) , then traded completed manuscripts for revision and style adjustments . As part of the research project , they watched the TV series many times , and consulted heavily with Carl Macek . The first two omnibus collections , comprising the entirety of the `` Macross Saga '' , were reissued in 2003 to tie in with the release of the Robotech : Battlecry video game . Then , in 2007 , the next two omnibus collections , covering the remainder of the television series , were re-released as tie-ins to the animated movie , Robotech : The Shadow Chronicles . However , a revision of the Robotech timeline made by Harmony Gold alongside the release of the movie caused some continuity clashes with the McKinney novels , which were relegated to a `` secondary '' position in Robotech canon . To work around this , the Southern Cross and Invid Invasion collections contain new appendices written by Robotech fan Jonathan L. Switzer correcting any newborn mistakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8af427ef3019decb2c34ee51fc40f80b", "text": "Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy ( CP ) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood . Signs and symptoms vary among people . Often , symptoms include poor coordination , stiff muscles , weak muscles , and tremors . There may be problems with sensation , vision , hearing , swallowing , and speaking . Often babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over , sit , crawl , or walk as early as other children of their age . Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning , each of which occurs in about one third of people with CP . While the symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life , the underlying problems do not worsen over time . Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement , balance , and posture . Most often the problems occur during pregnancy ; however , they may also occur during childbirth , or shortly after birth . Often the cause is unknown . Risk factors include preterm birth , being a twin , certain infections during pregnancy such as toxoplasmosis or rubella , exposure to methylmercury during pregnancy , a difficult delivery , and head trauma during the first few years of life , among others . About 2 % of cases are believed to be due to an inherited genetic cause . A number of sub-types are classified based on the specific problems present . For example , those with stiff muscles have spastic cerebral palsy , those with poor coordination have ataxic cerebral palsy , and those with writhing movements have athetoid cerebral palsy . Diagnosis is based on the child 's development over time . Blood tests and medical imaging may be used to rule out other possible causes . CP is partly preventable through immunization of the mother and efforts to prevent head injuries in children such as through improved safety . There is no cure for CP ; however , supportive treatments , medications , and surgery may help many individuals . This may include physical therapy , occupational therapy , and speech therapy . Medications such as diazepam , baclofen , and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles . Surgery may include lengthening muscles and cutting overly active nerves . Often external braces and other assistive technology are helpful . Some affected children can achieve near normal adult lives with appropriate treatment . While alternative medicines are frequently used there is no evidence to support their use . CP is the most common movement disorder in children . It occurs in about 2.1 per 1,000 live births . Cerebral palsy has been documented throughout history with the first known descriptions occurring in the work of Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE . Extensive study of the condition began in the 19th century by William John Little , after whom spastic diplegia was called `` Little disease '' . William Osler first named it `` cerebral palsy '' from the German `` zerebrale Kinderlähmung '' ( cerebral child-paralysis ) . A number of potential treatments are being examined , including stem cell therapy . However , more research is required to determine if it is effective and safe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2faff3cfd503a8eb48eef754242772c2", "text": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment . CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work . Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa7de58fa0cd9a790bd0743472d8d3d", "text": "Ward (law) In law , a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian . The wardship jurisdiction is an ancient jurisdiction derived from the Crown 's duty as parens patriae to protect his/her subject , and particularly those unable to look after themselves . In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms , the Queen as parens patriae is mother for all the children in her realms . A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual , usually either a child or incapacitated person , in which case the ward is known as a ward of the court or a ward of the state . However , the House of Lords in the case of Re F ( Mental Patient : Sterilisation ) held that the Queen has no parens patriae jurisdiction with regard to mentally handicapped adults . In Australia , New Zealand and the United States , the child is termed a ward of the court . In Ireland and the United Kingdom `` the '' is not used ; the ward is thus termed a ward of court . In Canada the legal term is Crown ward . Children who are in the custody of government departments , also known as foster care , become wards of the respective government entity , and in the US wards of the states in which they reside . The government or state is in loco parentis to the child , which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child 's behalf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc20cda00a9f26cd9c755a8660f1e828", "text": "Confined placental mosaicism Confined placental mosaicism ( CPM ) represents a discrepancy between the chromosomal makeup of the cells in the placenta and the cells in the baby . CPM was first described by Kalousek and Dill in 1983 . CPM is diagnosed when some trisomic cells are detected on chorionic villus sampling and only normal cells are found on a subsequent prenatal test , such as amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling . In theory , CPM is when the trisomic cells are found only in the placenta . CPM is detected in approximately 1-2 % of ongoing pregnancies that are studied by chorionic villus sampling ( CVS ) at 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy . Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal procedure which involves a placental biopsy . Most commonly when CPM is found it represents a trisomic cell line in the placenta and a normal diploid chromosome complement in the baby . However , the fetus is involved in about 10 % of cases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caa82fd3169d1678e0378c534743e17", "text": "Otherness of childhood The otherness of childhood is a phrase being used to argue that there are substantial differences between the lived worlds of children and adults . These differences are suggested to emerge from complex outcomes of divergent states of physical , neurological , emotional , affective and experiential being between children 's and adults ' lives . This is of interest to children 's geographies , as children 's experiences and practices of , say , a city , and its spaces might be very different from those of adults , and very difficult to recreate through adult sensibilities ( this has obvious implications for research ) . The approach suggests that adult ( researchers ) need to be cautious in their claims about understanding the world from a child 's perspective . It is not claimed that there are no connections between these two worlds , but rather that they can be at once very connected and close and very far apart . This is a common theme in some literature which considers childhood . Ideas of the otherness of childhood have connections with some children 's affinity with disordered spaces ( those not managed and tidied by adult society ) like waste ground in cities . They also have implications for trying to remember what it was like to be a child as a form of research and knowing childhood . This is , at best , a highly complex and multifaceted process which , again , can not be assumed to give easy access to children 's worlds . This question has raised some critical response within children 's geographies ( see Philo , 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a898f819059ffd579e65d20f1b7e8a9", "text": "Coprococcus eutactus Coprococcus ( ATCC 27759 ) is a genus of anaerobic cocci which are all part of the human faecal flora , but rarely seen in human clinical specimens . `` Coprococcus includes those gram-positive , anaerobic cocci that actively ferment carbohydrates , producing butyric and acetic acids with formic or propionic and/or lactic acids . Fermentable carbohydrates are either required or are highly stimulatory for growth and continued subculture . '' - Lillian V. Holdeman & W. E. C. Moore . The genus is bio-chemically closely related to Ruminococcus , and phylogenetically to the genus Lachnospira . Coprococcus eutactus is an obligately anaerobic , nonmotile , gram-positive coccus occurring in pairs or chains of pairs . Cells may lose colour readily and acquire a slightly elongate shape in a medium containing a fermentable carbohydrate , but are normally round , and 0.7 to 1.3 µm in diameter . Coprococcus may be used as a microbial biomarker to assess the health of the human gastro-intestinal tract . Gut microorganisms maintain gastro-intestinal health and the mounting evidence of gastro-intestinal problems in autistic children makes a link between autism and intestinal microbiota highly probable , but the paucity of data on intestinal microflora means a definite link has not yet been demonstrated . Early studies overlooked potentially beneficial gut flora missing in autistic children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d457866472fcef6fbbb5e5a66da63cb", "text": "Country of Particular Concern Country of Particular Concern ( CPC ) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State ( under authority delegated by the President ) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act ( IRFA ) of 1998 ( H.R. 2431 ) and its amendment of 1999 ( Public Law 106-55 ) . The term `` particularly severe violations of religious freedom '' means systematic , ongoing , egregious violations of religious freedom , including violations such as : a ) Torture or cruel , inhuman , or degrading treatment or punishment ; b ) Prolonged detention without charges ; c ) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons ; or d ) Other flagrant denials of the right to life , liberty , or the security of persons . Nations so designated are subject to further actions , including economic sanctions , by the United States . Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom , a separate agency created by IRFA ( along with the U.S. Department of State 's Office of International Religious Freedom ) to monitor the state of religious freedom around the world . Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president , the secretary of state and US Congress . Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State . The latest report from February 29 , 2016 , designated each of the following nations as a CPC : Each of these states was included on the previous year 's report except Tajikistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01c402b3aed458d23c61ce4ee1eea11e", "text": "Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS ) is a pelvic pain condition in men , and should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and acute bacterial prostatitis . This condition was formerly known as prostatodynia ( painful prostate ) . CP/CPPS and interstitial cystitis are sometimes referred to jointly as `` UCPPS '' ( urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f248ccffcb977161729445d9d14b4d71", "text": "Vital statistics (government records) Vital statistics are statistics on live births , deaths , foetal deaths , marriages and divorces . The most common way of collecting information on these events is through civil registration , an administrative system used by governments to record vital events which occur in their populations ( see Box 1 ) . Efforts to improve the quality of vital statistics will therefore be closely related to the development of civil registration systems in countries . Box 1 . United Nations Definitions of Vital Statistics and Civil Registration Systems A vital statistics system is defined by the United Nations `` as the total process of ( a ) collecting information by civil registration or enumeration on the frequency or occurrence of specified and defined vital events , as well as relevant characteristics of the events themselves and the person or persons concerned , and ( b ) compiling , processing , analyzing , evaluating , presenting , and disseminating these data in statistical form '' ( UN , 2001 ) . Civil registration , as defined by the United Nations , is the '' continuous , permanent , compulsory , and universal recording of the occurrence and characteristics of vital events ( livebirths , deaths , fetal deaths , marriages , and divorces ) and other civil status events pertaining to the population as provided by decree , law or regulation , in accordance with the legal requirements in each country . '' The origin of vital statistics begins as early as 1869 and death by social class was recorded in England beginning in 1921 . While the number of births and deaths can be obtained by enumeration at certain points in time ( e.g. censuses and surveys ) , civil registration collects this information on a continuous basis and is the only source that provides individuals with a legal document . For instance , the importance of birth registration as the first legal recognition of the child is emphasized in Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child which states that `` the child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name , the right to acquire a nationality and , as far as possible , the right to know and be cared for by his or her parents '' . United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ) and a number of non-governmental organizations ( Plan International , Save the Children Fund , World Vision , etc. ) have particularly promoted the human rights aspects of registration , while the United Nations Statistics Division ( UNSD ) , United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) and World Health Organization ( WHO ) have focused more on the statistical aspects of civil registration . Countries which are signatories to the Convention on the Rights of the Child are therefore expected to set up systems to register the births of all children . Non-registration of a child can have negative consequences on the wider enjoyment of a child 's fundamental rights to benefits such as identity , inheritance , education , health and other social services . Birth registration is also part of a broader strategy to ensure that children are less vulnerable to abuse and exploitation , especially if separated from their parents . In the absence of a functioning birth registration system , it is difficult to see how a country can enforce age-related legal concerns such as schooling , child labour , juvenile justice , early marriage , sexual exploitation and military recruitment . Recent natural disasters and calamities have also demonstrated the utility of a birth certificate for reuniting lost children with their families . Many civil registration systems also collect information on causes of death . Statistics based on these death records are of particular importance in public health for identifying the magnitude and distribution of major disease problems , and are essential for the design , implementation , monitoring , and assessment of health programmes and policies . Toronto scientist , professor Prabhat Jha argues that inexpensive recording of vital statistics in developing countries is the most effective means to improve global health and has outlined 5 options for expanding Cause of Death reporting . `` Despite the importance of tracking causes of death and the tradition since 1893 of standardisation of definitions and coding for causes of death in the International Classification of Diseases and Injuries ( ICD ) , global assessments of causes of death are a major analytical challenge . Vital registration systems that include medical certification of the cause of death captured about 18.8 million deaths of an estimated annual total of 51.7 million deaths in 2005 , which is the latest year for which the largest number of countries reported deaths from a vital registration system . Even for these deaths , the comparability of findings on the leading causes of death is affected by variation in certification skills among physicians , the diagnostic and pathological data available at the time of completing a death certificate , variations in medical culture in choosing the underlying cause , and legal and institutional frameworks for governing mortality reporting . For the remaining deaths that are not medically certified , many different data sources and diagnostic approaches must be used from surveillance systems , demographic research sites , surveys , censuses , disease registries , and police records to construct a consolidated picture of causes of death in various populations . Because of the variety of data sources and their associated biases , causes of death assessments are inherently uncertain and subject to vigorous debate . '' Lozano et all . Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 . The Lancet , V. 380 , Dec 2012 `` www.thelancet.com Vol 380 December 15/22/29 , 2012 '' . The agency responsible for overseeing this system in the United States is the National Center for Health Statistics , a division of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) . Vital statistics for the US can be found here The agency responsible for overseeing this system in the United Kingdom is the Office for National Statistics . Vital statistics for the UK can be found here", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c504f837194a91391b1390a15ab2201f", "text": "Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China . China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention . Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1bbce653220912150d4d360b080f27", "text": "Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream ( embolism ) . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death . PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) . Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used . Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55af7e6783177820fc5319ab17ec95f", "text": "Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography . Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest . The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls . The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8fa7adb19841777f01ab2152169521", "text": "Consumer Product Safety Act The Consumer Product Safety Act ( CPSA ) was enacted on October 27th , 1972 by the United States Congress . The act should not be confused with an earlier Senate Joint Resolution 33 of November 20 , 1967 , which merely established a temporary National Commission on Product Safety ( NCPS ) , and for only 90-days ( at a pittance of $ 100 per day ) . Section 4 of the 1972 act established the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission ( CPSC ) as a permanent ( non-temporary ) independent agency of the United States federal government and defined its basic authority . The act gives CPSC the power to develop safety standards and pursue recalls for products that present unreasonable or substantial risks of injury or death to consumers . It also allows CPSC to ban a product if there is no feasible alternative to an outright ban . CPSC has jurisdiction over more than 15,000 different consumer products . The CPSA excludes from jurisdiction those products that expressly lie in another federal agency 's jurisdiction , for example food , drugs , cosmetics , medical devices , tobacco products , firearms and ammunition , motor vehicles , pesticides , aircraft , and boats . These products may fall under the purview of agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration , the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives , the U.S. Department of Agriculture , the U.S. Department of Transportation , the U.S. Environment Protection Agency , and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration . The CPSA is codified at . Federal regulations associated with the act are at Title 16 CFR parts 1101 through 1406 . These regulations are numerous and include such laws as the Poison Prevention Packaging Act ( PPPA ) , safety standards for such products as bicycle helmets and cigarette lighters , a ban on lead in paint , and a rule concerning size requirements for toys that could be choking hazards for young children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae974d66178ff06f2b0cc61255f8e1e", "text": "Porphyria Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up , affecting the skin or nervous system . The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria . Symptoms of acute porphyria include abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion , constipation , fever , and seizures . These symptoms typically come and go with attacks that last for days to weeks . Attacks may be triggered by alcohol , smoking , stress , or certain medications . If the skin is affected , blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure . The disease is usually inherited from a person 's parents and is due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme . Some types are autosomal dominant and others are autosomal recessive . One type , porphyria cutanea tarda , may also be due to increased iron in the liver , hepatitis C , alcohol , or HIV/AIDS . The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme . Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or the bone marrow is affected . Diagnosis is typically by blood , urine , and stool tests . Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation . Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and a person 's symptoms . The treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight . The treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution . Rarely a liver transplant may be carried out . The frequency of porphyria is unclear . It is estimated that it affects 1 to 100 per 50,000 people . Rates vary around the world . Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type . The disease was described at least as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates . The underlying mechanism was first described by Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 . The name porphyria is from the Greek πορφύρα , porphyra , meaning `` purple '' , a reference to the color of the urine that may occur during an attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c51a7eed8e8bb14f0c693e5fbea8316", "text": "One-child policy The one-child policy , a part of the family planning policy , was a population planning policy of China . It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out in 2015 . The policy allowed many exceptions - ethnic minorities were exempt . For example , in 2007 , 36 % of China 's population was subject to a strict one-child restriction , with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl . Provincial governments imposed fines for violations , and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work . According to the Chinese government , 400million births were prevented . This claim has been called `` false '' by scholars , because `` three-quarters of the decline in fertility since 1970 occurred before the launching of the one-child policy ; and most of the further decline in fertility since 1980 can be attributed to economic development . '' Thailand and Iran , along with the Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu , have had similar declines of fertility without a one-child policy . Although 76 % of Chinese people supported the policy in a 2008 survey , it was controversial outside of China . On October 29 , 2015 , it was reported that the existing law would be changed to a two-child policy , citing a statement from the Communist Party of China . The new law became effective on January 1 , 2016 , following its passage in the standing committee of the National People 's Congress on December 27 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2013946e9a0982bb2d294a6fbe4334", "text": "Cardiovascular disease in China Cardiac disease in China is on the rise . Though incidences of heart disease have increased faster in the city than in the countryside , rural morbidity and mortality rates are now on the rise as well . Health statistics shows that the ischemic heart disease mortality rate in rural China has approximately doubled since 1988 . Unlike in developed countries , there is no preventive or primary health care system in place to stop the rise of cardiac disease . The real extent of heart disease in rural China is unknown because statistics are fraught with error and bias due to difficulties in ascertaining cause of death in places where 90 % die without seeing a doctor . Therefore , there is a need to ascertain the real incidence and prevalence of heart disease and to develop adequate preventive and primary care in the Chinese countryside .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd9f15910f30158da0e0544015b7ac08", "text": "Pediatrics Pediatrics ( also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants , children , and adolescents . The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21 . A medical practitioner who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician , or paediatrician . The word pediatrics and its cognates mean `` healer of children '' ; they derive from two Greek words : παῖς ( pais `` child '' ) and ἰατρός ( iatros `` doctor , healer '' ) . Pediatricians work both in hospitals , particularly those working in its specialized subfields such as neonatology , and as primary care physicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3aa0fb134a773311eeeb7acb8f9366f", "text": "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act ( `` UCAPA '' ) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006 . This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children , and parents fearing their children would be abducted . In 2006 , NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act . The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents . Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement , including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act ( UCCJEA ) , the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law . Under UCAPA , an action for abduction prevention measures may be brought either by a court on its own motion , by a party to a child-custody determination or an individual with a right to seek such a determination , or by a prosecutor or public attorney . The party seeking the abduction prevention measures must file a petition with the court specifying the risk factors for abduction as well as other biographical information including the name , age and gender of the child , the current address of the child and the person against whom the measures are sought , a statement regarding any prior actions related to abduction or domestic violence , a statement addressing any prior arrests for domestic violence or child abuse by either party , and finally any additional information required by existing State child custody law including the UCCJEA . UCAPA sets out a wide variety of factors that should be considered in determining whether there is a credible risk that a child will be abducted . These factors include overt signs such as previous abductions , attempts to abduct the child , or threats of abduction , as well as signs of general abuse including domestic violence , negligence , or refusal to obey a child-custody determination . The act also includes a wide range of activities that may indicate a planned abduction including abandoning employment , liquidating assets , obtaining travel documents or travel tickets , or requesting the child 's school or medical records . The act also addresses the special problems involved with international child abduction by including several risk factors specifically related to international abduction . In particular , the act requires courts to consider whether the party in question is likely to take a child to a country that is n't a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction , or to a country that places the child at risk , has laws that would restrict access to the child , that is on the current list of state sponsors of terrorism , or is engaged in an active military action or war . In addition , a court will consider issues related to citizenship such as a recent change in citizenship status or a denial of United States Citizenship . If a court determines that a credible risk exists that the child will be abducted , it may then enter an order containing provisions and measures meant to prevent abduction . The act lists a number of specific measures that a court may order . These include imposing travel restrictions , prohibiting the individual from removing the child from the State or other set geographic area , placing the child 's name in the United States Department of State 's Child Passport Issuance Alert Program , or requiring the individual to obtain an order from a foreign country containing identical terms to the child-custody determination . An abduction prevention order is effective until the earliest of the order 's expiration , the child 's emancipation , the child 's 18th birthday , or until the order is modified , revoked , or vacated . If abduction appears imminent , a court may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child , direct law enforcement officers to take steps to locate and return the child , or exercise other appropriate powers under existing state laws . A warrant to take physical custody is enforceable in the enacting state even if issued by different state . The court may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property , or even to make a forcible entry at any hour , if the circumstances so warrant . Nevertheless , the person on whom the warrant is being executed must be served with the warrant when or immediately after the child is taken into custody and the person must be afforded a hearing no later than the next judicial day or the next possible judicial day if the next day is impossible . Up to date legislative activity on UCAPA can be found here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9838e0bd16c87b439ea8fdf5f5aee0e", "text": "Child integration Child integration is the inclusion of children in a variety of mature daily activities of families and communities . This contrasts with , for example , age segregation ; separating children into age-defined activities and institutions ( e.g. , some models of organized schooling ) . Integrating children in the range of mature family and community activities gives equal value and responsibility to children as contributors and collaborators , and can be a way to help them learn . Children 's integration provides a learning environment because children are able to observe and pitch in as they feel they can . In the United States , child integration into `` adult '' life is not as common as it used to be . However , in other cultures social norms continue to incorporate children into the mature , productive activities of the family and community . In all cultures child integration is present in one way or another . For example , nearly all children 's first language learning seems to be supported through integration with a mature linguistic community . Children usually are not taught in a classroom how to speak , but instead learn by observing the language and pitching it when they can .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3caeb374e1c5952c7ce71224dd24627e", "text": "International Classification of Primary Care The International Classification of Primary Care ( ICPC ) is a classification method for primary care encounters . It allows for the classification of the patient 's reason for encounter ( RFE ) , the problems/diagnosis managed , primary or general health care interventions , and the ordering of the data of the primary care session in an episode of care structure . It was developed by the WONCA International Classification Committee ( WICC ) , and was first published in 1987 by Oxford University Press ( OUP ) . A revision and inclusion of criteria and definitions was published in 1998 . The second revision was accepted within the World Health Organization 's ( WHO ) Family of International Classifications . The classification was developed in a context of increasing demand for quality information on primary care as part of growing worldwide attention to global primary health care objectives , including the WHO 's target of `` health for all '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b074f84b0dde5b5392bdbe7e253844c", "text": "Cary Grant Cary Grant ( born Archibald Alec Leach ; January 18 , 1904 -- November 29 , 1986 ) was a British-American actor , known as one of classic Hollywood 's definitive leading men . He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s , and became known for his transatlantic accent , debonair demeanor , and light-hearted approach to acting and sense of comic timing . He became an American citizen in 1942 . Born in Horfield , Bristol , Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age , and began performing with a troupe known as `` The Penders '' from the age of six . After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol , he toured the country as a stage performer , and decided to stay in New York City after a performance there . He established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s . He initially appeared in crime films or dramas such as Blonde Venus ( 1932 ) and She Done Him Wrong ( 1933 ) , but later gained renown for his appearances in romantic comedy and screwball comedy films such as The Awful Truth ( 1937 ) , Bringing Up Baby ( 1938 ) , His Girl Friday ( 1940 ) and The Philadelphia Story ( 1940 ) . Along with the later Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) and I Was a Male War Bride ( 1949 ) ; these films are frequently cited as among the all-time great comedy films . Having established himself as a major Hollywood star , he was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor , for Penny Serenade ( 1941 ) and None but the Lonely Heart ( 1944 ) . In the 1940s and 1950s , Grant forged a working relationship with the director Alfred Hitchcock , appearing in films such as Suspicion ( 1941 ) , Notorious ( 1946 ) , To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) and North by Northwest ( 1959 ) . Hitchcock admired Grant and considered him to have been the only actor that he had ever loved working with . Towards the end of his film career , Grant was praised by critics as a romantic leading man , and received five Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nominations , including Indiscreet ( 1958 ) with Ingrid Bergman , That Touch of Mink ( 1962 ) with Doris Day , and Charade ( 1963 ) with Audrey Hepburn . He is remembered by critics for his unusually broad appeal , as a handsome , suave actor who did not take himself too seriously , possessing the ability to play with his own dignity in comedies without sacrificing it entirely . His comic timing and delivery made Grant what Premiere magazine considers to have been `` quite simply , the funniest actor cinema has ever produced '' . Grant was married five times ; three of his marriages were elopements with actresses -- Virginia Cherrill ( 1934 -- 1935 ) , Betsy Drake ( 1949 -- 1962 ) and Dyan Cannon ( 1965 -- 1968 ) . He has one daughter with Cannon , Jennifer Grant ( born 1966 ) . After his retirement from film acting in 1966 , Grant pursued numerous business interests , representing cosmetics firm Fabergé , and sitting on the board of MGM and others . He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970 , and in 1981 , he was accorded the Kennedy Center Honors . In 1999 , the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema , after Humphrey Bogart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5577b873f83605f4d9bc938b8285d8a", "text": "Grant A. Rice Grant A. Rice is an American theatrical producer , manager , and consultant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e13cf38e0fe4a250836a7885ef789c5", "text": "Hull Truck Theatre The Hull Truck Theatre is a theatre in Kingston upon Hull , England which presents substantial drama productions . It also tours its productions on a regular basis . The theatre was founded in 1971 by actor Mike Bradwell when he could not find work . He placed an ad ' in Time Out magazine saying , `` Half-formed theatre company seeks other half '' . The first production , `` The Children of the Lost Planet '' was a success though , like many new companies , it had meagre audiences . This experience led the company to fall back on performing plays for children . They started to get a good reputation for children 's theatre . However , in 1974 , the play `` Knowledge '' was performed and , although over half the audience had walked out , the critical acclaim of Guardian reviewer Robin Thornber led to the Bush Theatre becoming interested and staging the production . John Godber became artistic director in 1984 although at first he was unaware of how much the Hull Truck Theatre was struggling financially . He had been making a good living as a teacher but the idea of being able to produce some of his own works led him to accept the post . He decided that the best way to improve sales and the success of the company was to write a play relevant to its audiences . He wrote `` Up n ' Under '' a play about the rugby league in Hull which proved to be a success . One of Hull Truck 's most performed and famous plays is John Godber 's `` Bouncers '' . This celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2007 and was the final play to be performed before moving to the new venue . From 1983 the company was based in its venue in Spring Street but a new 440 seat theatre has been built for the company , as part of the St. Stephen 's development . This has cost # 14.5 million and opened on 23 April 2009 . The opening production started its run on 25 April 2009 and was the premier of the John Godber play Funny Turns . Hull Truck was the venue chosen to host the launch of Hull 's Larkin 25 Festival in June 2010 . In July 2010 Andrew Smaje was appointed chief executive to develop its programme and to entice new audiences . In September 2012 the company were nominated for The Renee Stepham Award for Best Presentation of Touring Theatre at TMA Theatre Awards . This was for its touring productions of The Lady in the Van by Alan Bennett , DNA by Dennis Kelly and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde adapted by Nick Lane . In October 2012 Hull city centre was awarded Purple Flag status for the quality of the city 's nightlife . The Association of Town Centre Management praised Hull Truck Theatre in particular `` for its outstanding contribution '' to entertainment for city centre users . In January 2013 Hull Truck Theatre were nominated for Best Visiting Production at the Manchester Theatre Awards for DNA by Dennis Kelly . In April 2013 Mike Bradwell returned to direct for the company for the first time in over 30 years , directing the world premiere of Queen of the Nile by Tim Fountain . In May 2013 Mark Babych was appointed Artistic Director of the company . In April 2014 , it was reported that the theatre had received # 400,000 in grants from Arts Council England and Hull City Council because of a financial crisis at the venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3b6c89fd880b81e2a17e100685ffccc", "text": "Critic's Choice (play) Critic 's Choice is a play written by Ira Levin . It opened at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on December 14 , 1960 and ran for 189 performances , closing on May 27 , 1961 . Levin 's inspiration was then-New York Herald Tribune drama critic Walter Kerr and his playwright wife Jean . Otto Preminger directed . Oleg Cassini provided the costumes . A play in three acts , Critic 's Choice tells the story of theater critic Parker Ballantine whose second wife , Angela , writes a play which is produced on Broadway . The play is awful and Parker must decide whether or not to review the play honestly . Reviewing for The New York Times , Howard Taubman wrote , `` Ira Levin 's new comedy , which opened at the Ethel Barrymore last night , is not much of a play . '' And , `` Otto Preminger 's staging discloses a seasoned hand , although his pacing often turns languid and his ideas for comedy run thin , like the playwright 's . '' In 1963 , the play was made into a film of the same name starring Bob Hope and Lucille Ball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08fe8f66cbcb6fc6c40b7c53a22ebe8", "text": "Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . '' Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich . Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude . During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "487bc8bc9287f05637a348b19195a5bb", "text": "Malek Theatre The Malek Theatre , also known as The Malek , is an Art Deco theatre in downtown Independence , Iowa that was built in 1947 . It replaced the Grand Theatre , which had burned on March 3 , 1945 . It was designed by Wetherell & Harrison for Bob C. Malek and was intended to be fireproof . It has a steel truss roof . A stepped tower at the front is made with structural glass and glass blocks . As of 2009 the interior was mostly original , with Art Deco style light fixtures and coved ceilings . Artist Merle Reed , of California , hand-painted its interior designs in 1945 . In 1982 the theatre was split in two , and in 2002 the dividing wall was removed . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 . The theatre was deemed historically significant `` as an excellent example of an Art Deco style theater that has a high degree of integrity on the exterior and interior , designed by Des Moines architectural firm of Wetherell & Harrison . '' It is one of just two Art Deco buildings in Independence . The other is the Buchanan County Courthouse , which was built with Public Works Administration labor also in the 1930s . `` The exterior of the theater exhibits characteristics of the Art Deco style including a central stepped tower , smooth finished surfaces of Glastone , and curved walls of Glastone and glass block . The interior has a high degree of integrity with Art Deco features such as curved walls , coved ceilings backlit with neon , bent neon fixtures , stylized floral motifs , and decorative metal light fixtures . The theater retains its integrity of design , workmanship , materials , feeling , association , location , and setting . '' In 2009 many of the paintings had been restored or repainted . In 2009 , plans included replacing a pair of tall columns that were on the sides of the stage , using blueprints obtained from Wetherell Ericsson Architects in Des Moines , Iowa . The Malek theatre opened in 1946 on land previously occupied by The Grand theatre , which was located in the south part of the Hotel Gedney block built during the town 's horse-racing heyday . The hotel block and its attached theater burned to the ground in 1945 and the theatre 's owner , Bohumil `` Bob '' Malek , a well-regarded local businessman , decided to build a new venue and appropriately named it The Malek Theatre . The new theatre was the patron 's dream for that era , containing two rooms for private viewings , each with doors and thick paned glass to eliminate sound in or out . The building measures 60 x and is 42 feet high . The exterior is built of Lannon stone , vitreolite and glass block . It is 100 % fireproof and is equipped with the latest equipment and fixtures ( 1946 quote ) . The theater cost $ 140,000 to build , and it took a year to complete . In 1985 , the then-managers decided that patronage could be improved if the theatre was split into a 300-seat twinned theatre instead of the original 1,200-seat undivided auditorium . Despite the investment , the newly-split theatre closed soon after . As of January 2014 , the theatre remained closed , its exterior slowly succumbing to petty vandalism and the inhospitable climate of northeast Iowa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba39440b0fcda0b66854a091b66c9a9c", "text": "Palace Theatre, Westcliff-on-Sea The Palace Theatre is a theatre in the town of Westcliff-on-Sea in the English county of Essex . The theatre presents a range of performances , including drama , music and both local and national touring companies . The theatre was built by Ward & Ward of London and was opened in October 1912 . It was named the `` Palace of Varieties '' in November that year . In December it was renamed `` The New Palace '' and a small annexe at the back of the stage was built to facilitate projection for cinema . In the interwar period the theatre mainly presented touring ballet and repertory companies . The theatre and its business continued through World War II , however there were some financial troubles and a period of closure , and a number of companies held the lease of the theatre thereafter . In 1957 the Palace Theatre Club was created with the intention to protect the interests of the theatre and raise funds for it . In 1969 the Palace Theatre suffered a major financial crisis and was closed , however a petition by the Palace Theatre Club led to its reopening in 1970 and the establishment of the Palace Theatre Trust . After extensive redecorations in 1973 and 1986 and the addition of the adjacent building to the theatre as the Dixon Studio in 1980 , in March 1999 the theatre was closed again , but was reopened in 2001 under new management . The theatre was closed in 2002 when the management left without explanation , however it reopened again in 2003 under the newly formed Southend Theatres , the result of a merger of the Cliffs Pavilion and the Palace Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d4188aef0eb03af23ddfa8a578c5481", "text": "The West Side Waltz The West Side Waltz is a play by Ernest Thompson . The play focuses on Margaret Mary Elderdice , an aging , widowed pianist living in a dreary Upper West Side apartment , and her relationships with a prim , virginal violinist neighbor and the young companion who moves in for an extended stay . Thompson was prompted to write the piece when screenwriter George Seaton offered him a grant to write a new play following the success of his previous work , On Golden Pond . The play originally was presented off-Broadway in 1978 . After three previews , the Broadway production , directed by Noel William , opened on November 19 , 1981 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre . Despite the presence of screen legend Katharine Hepburn , supported by Dorothy Loudon , Regina Baff , and David Margulies , it ran for only 126 performances . Hepburn was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play , but lost to Zoe Caldwell ( Medea ) . Thompson wrote the teleplay for and directed a CBS production that originally aired on Thanksgiving night in 1995 . The cast included Shirley MacLaine , Liza Minnelli , Kathy Bates , Jennifer Grey , Estelle Harris , and Robert Pastorelli .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f552d1abd43dab1ae24828341f90310", "text": "Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel . The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dfc1991e6b4bdab8b9a4d470cea6cdf0", "text": "Alphabet Inc. Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate created in a corporate restructuring on October 2 , 2015 . It is the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries . The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company , with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as President . The company is based in Mountain View , California . Alphabet 's portfolio encompasses several industries , including technology , life sciences , investment capital , and research . Some of its subsidiaries include Google , Calico , GV , CapitalG , Verily , Waymo , X , and Google Fiber . Some of the subsidiaries of Alphabet have altered their names since leaving Google -- Google Ventures becoming GV , Google Life Sciences becoming Verily and Google X becoming just X. Following the restructuring Page became CEO of Alphabet while Sundar Pichai took his position as CEO of Google . Shares of Google 's stock have been converted into Alphabet stock , which trade under Google 's former ticker symbols of `` GOOG '' and `` GOOGL '' . The establishment of Alphabet was prompted by a desire to make the core Google Internet services business `` cleaner and more accountable '' while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f0c33456b7c54b66ffe2cda485843e75", "text": "AT&T Computer Systems AT&T Computer Systems is the generic name for American Telephone & Telegraph 's unsuccessful attempt to compete in the computer business . In return for divesting the local Bell Operating Companies ( Baby Bells ) , AT&T was allowed to have an unregulated division to sell computer hardware and software . Prior to the divestiture of the Bell System on January 1 , 1984 , the Bell Labs Processor Division had developed the 3B20D ( `` D '' for Duplex ) ; the commercial simplex version 3B20S , which competed with the DEC VAX for internal Bell System usage ; the world 's first 32-bit microprocessor , the BELLMAC 32A ; and , using this microprocessor , the 3B5 and 3B15 computers for billing and telecom switching control applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af45cf67cf5db177f2463f490e1b7e79", "text": "Marketing metric audit protocol The marketing metric audit protocol ( MMAP ) is the Marketing Accountability Standards Board 's formal process for connecting marketing activities to the financial performance of the firm . The process includes the conceptual linking of marketing activities to intermediate marketing outcome metrics to cash flow drivers of the business , as well as the validation and causality characteristics of an ideal metric . Cash flow both short-term and over time is the ultimate metric to which all activities of a business enterprise , including marketing , should be causally linked through the validation of intermediate marketing measures . The process of validating the intermediate outcome measures against short-term and/or long-term cash flow drivers is necessary to facilitate forecasting and improvement in return . `` Intermediate marketing outcomes '' refer to measures such as sales volume , price premium , and market share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c89b49d315f3071f60475f8acc5fdef", "text": "Influencer marketing Influencer marketing ( also influence marketing ) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on specific key individuals ( or types of individual ) rather than the target market as a whole . It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers , and orients marketing activities around these influencers . Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves , or they may be third parties . These third parties exist either in the supply chain ( retailers , manufacturers , etc. ) or may be so-called value-added influencers ( such as journalists , academics , industry analysts , professional advisers , and so on ) . The idea of a `` two-step flow of communication '' was introduced in The People 's Choice ( Paul Lazarsfeld , Bernard Berelson , and Hazel Gaudet , a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters . This idea was further developed in `` Personal Influence '' ( Lazarsfeld , Elihu Katz 1955 ) and `` The Effects of Mass Communication '' ( Joseph Klapper 1960 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d7d852967eb1c962f8435d1ba17fcbc", "text": "American Letter Mail Company The American Letter Mail Company was started by Lysander Spooner in 1844 , competing with the legal monopoly of the United States Post Office ( USPO , now the USPS ) in violation of the Private Express Statutes . It succeeded in delivering mail for lower prices , but the U.S. Government challenged Spooner with legal measures , eventually forcing him to cease operations in 1851 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e12d25a5ad0aaa82c6861ae4fc59047", "text": "Typeface In typography , a typeface ( also known as font family ) is a set of one or more fonts each composed of glyphs that share common design features . Each font of a typeface has a specific weight , style , condensation , width , slant , italicization , ornamentation , and designer or foundry ( and formerly size , in metal fonts ) . For example , `` ITC Garamond Bold Condensed Italic '' means the bold , condensed-width , italic version of ITC Garamond . It is a different font from `` ITC Garamond Condensed Italic '' and `` ITC Garamond Bold Condensed , '' but all are fonts within the same typeface , `` ITC Garamond . '' ITC Garamond is a different typeface from `` Adobe Garamond '' or `` Monotype Garamond . '' ( These are all alternative updates or digitisations of the typeface Garamond , originally created in the 16th century . ) There are thousands of different typefaces in existence , with new ones being developed constantly . The art and craft of designing typefaces is called type design . Designers of typefaces are called type designers and are often employed by type foundries . In digital typography , type designers are sometimes also called font developers or font designers . Every typeface is a collection of glyphs , each of which represents an individual letter , number , punctuation mark , or other symbol . The same glyph may be used for characters from different scripts , e.g. Roman uppercase A looks the same as Cyrillic uppercase А and Greek uppercase alpha . There are typefaces tailored for special applications , such as map-making or astrology and mathematics . The term typeface is frequently confused with the term font . Before the advent of digital typography and desktop publishing , the two terms had more clearly understood meanings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3959517e14dbe23e275fb70ff021e262", "text": "Google Attribution Google Attribution is a monitoring program developed by Internet advertising company Alphabet Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e72b1d9e3cbad7e4bc69adcb66ff0f37", "text": "Phoneword Phonewords are mnemonic phrases represented as alphanumeric equivalents of a telephone number . In many countries , the digits on the telephone keypad also have letters assigned . By replacing the digits of a telephone number with the corresponding letters , it is sometimes possible to form a whole or partial word , an acronym , abbreviation , or some other alphanumeric combination . Phonewords are the most common vanity numbers , although a few all-numeric vanity phone numbers are used . Toll-free telephone numbers are often branded using phonewords ; some firms use easily memorable vanity telephone numbers like 1-800 Contacts , 1-800-Flowers , 1-800-FREE-411 or 1-800-GOT-JUNK ? or 1-800-BATTERY ? as brands for flagship products or names for entire companies . Local numbers are also occasionally used , such as +1 -514 - AUTOBUS or STM-INFO to reach the Société de transport de Montréal , but are subject to the constraint that the first few digits are tied to a geographic location - potentially limiting the available choices based on which telephone exchanges serve a local area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1c53f7b020a636afbe06d73d9e9856c", "text": "Trademark infringement Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attached to a trademark without the authorization of the trademark owner or any licensees ( provided that such authorization was within the scope of the licence ) . Infringement may occur when one party , the `` infringer '' , uses a trademark which is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party , in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services which the registration covers . An owner of a trademark may commence civil legal proceedings against a party which infringes its registered trademark . In the United States , the Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984 criminalized the intentional trade in counterfeit goods and services . The ACTA trade agreement , signed in May 2011 by the United States , Japan , Switzerland , and the EU , requires that its parties add criminal penalties , including incarceration and fines , for copyright and trademark infringement , and obligated the parties to actively police for infringement . In many countries ( but not in countries like the United States , which recognizes common law trademark rights ) , a trademark which is not registered can not be `` infringed '' as such , and the trademark owner can not bring infringement proceedings . Instead , the owner may be able to commence proceedings under the common law for passing off or misrepresentation , or under legislation which prohibits unfair business practices . In some jurisdictions , infringement of trade dress may also be actionable . Where the respective marks or products or services are not identical , similarity will generally be assessed by reference to whether there is a likelihood of confusion that consumers will believe the products or services originated from the trademark owner . Likelihood of confusion is not necessarily measured by actual consumer confusion , though normally one of the elements , but by a series of criteria Courts have established . A prime example is the test announced by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in AMF , Inc v. Sleekcraft Boats , 599 F. 2d 341 ( C.A. 9 ) 1979 . The Court there announced eight specific elements to measure likelihood of confusion : Strength of the mark Proximity of the goods Similarity of the marks Evidence of actual confusion Marketing channels used Type of goods and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser Defendant 's intent in selecting the mark Likelihood of expansion of the product lines Other Courts have fashioned their own tests for likelihood of confusion -- like those announced in In re E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. , 476 F. 2d 1357 , 177 USPQ 563 ( CCPA 1973 ) , known collectively as the DuPont factors . If the respective marks and products or services are entirely dissimilar , trademark infringement may still be established if the registered mark is well known pursuant to the Paris Convention . In the United States , a cause of action for use of a mark for such dissimilar services is called trademark dilution . In some jurisdictions a party other than the owner ( e.g. , a licensee ) may be able to pursue trademark infringement proceedings against an infringer if the owner fails to do so . The party accused of infringement may be able to defeat infringement proceedings if it can establish a valid exception ( e.g. , comparative advertising ) or defence ( e.g. , laches ) to infringement , or attack and cancel the underlying registration ( e.g. , for non-use ) upon which the proceedings are based .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f609b4780542a5040cba139dd4f6df2", "text": "Managerialism Managerialism is a belief in the value of professional managers and of the concepts and methods they use . Contemporary management writers such as Thomas Diefenbach associate managerialism with hierarchy . But managerialism is also linked to control , accountability and measurement , and an ideologically determined belief in the importance of tightly managed organizations , as opposed to individuals , or to groups that do not resemble an organization . Following Enteman 's classic on Managerialism : The Emergence of a New Ideology ( 1993 ) , American management experts Robert Locke and J C Spender see managerialism as an expression of a special group -- management -- that entrenches itself ruthlessly and systemically in an organization . It deprives owners of decision-making power and workers of their ability to resist managerialism . In fact the rise of managerialism may in itself be a response to people 's resistance in society and more specific workers ' opposition against managerial regimes . Building on Enteman ( 1993 ) and Locke/Spender ( 2011 ) the most up-to-date definition of Managerialism has been delivered by Thomas Klikauer in `` Managerialism -- Critique of an Ideology '' ( 2013 ) defining Managerialism as '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Managerialism combines management knowledge and ideology to establish itself systemically in organisations and society while depriving owners , employees ( organisational-economical ) and civil society ( social-political ) of all decision-making powers . Managerialism justifies the application of managerial techniques to all areas of society on the grounds of superior ideology , expert training , and the exclusive possession of managerial knowledge necessary to efficiently run corporations and societies . '' As Fayol 's and Taylor 's simple management mutated into managerialism , managerialism became a full-fledged ideology under the following formula : Management + Ideology + Expansion = Managerialism Two examples of the extension of management into the non-management domain -- the not for profit sphere of human existence -- are public schools and universities . In both cases , managerialism occurs when public institutions are run `` as if '' these were for-profit organization even though they remain government institutions funded through state taxes . In these cases , the term new public management has been used . But the ideology of managerialism can even extend into more distant institutions such as , for example , a College of Physicians . At a time when much of this started Albert A. Anderson summarized managerialism as the ideological principle that sees societies as equivalent to the sum of the decisions and transactions made by the managements of organizations . This carries connotations to the Historian James Hoopes wrote ( 2003 ) : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- the main genesis of managerialism lay in the human relations movement that took root at the Harvard Business School in the 1920s and 1930s under the guiding hand of Professor Elton Mayo . Mayo , an immigrant from Australia , saw democracy as divisive and lacking in community spirit . He looked to corporate managers to restore the social harmony that he believed the uprooting experiences of immigration and industrialization had destroyed and that democracy was incapable of repairing . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198871feab33d21377b6751c44e58dee", "text": "Metonymy Metonymy ( -LSB- mᵻˈtɒnᵻmi -RSB- ) is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept . The words metonymy and metonym come from the μετωνῠμία , metōnymía , ( `` a change of name '' ) , from μετά , metá , ( `` after , beyond '' ) , and - ωνυμία , - ōnymía , a suffix that names figures of speech , from ὄνῠμα , ónyma or ὄνομα , ónoma , ( `` name '' ) . The location of a capital is often used as a metonym for a government or other official institutions -- for example : Brussels for the institutions of the European Union , The Hague for the International Court of Justice , Nairobi for the government of Kenya , Washington , D.C. , for the federal government of the United States , or Beacon Hill for the government of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . A place can represent an entire industry : for instance Wall Street is often used metonymically to describe the entire U.S. financial and corporate banking sector . Common nouns and phrases can also be metonyms : red tape can stand for bureaucracy , whether or not that bureaucracy actually uses red tape to bind documents . In Commonwealth realms , The Crown is a metonym for the state in all its aspects . Metonymy and related figures of speech are common in everyday speech and writing . Synecdoche and metalepsis are considered specific types of metonymy . Polysemy , multiple meanings of a single word or phrase , sometimes results from relations of metonymy . Both metonymy and metaphor involve the substitution of one term for another . In metaphor , this substitution is based on some specific analogy between two things , whereas in metonymy the substitution is based on some understood association or contiguity . American literary theorist Kenneth Burke described metonymy as one of four `` master tropes '' : metaphor , a substitute for perspective ; metonymy , a substitute for reduction ; synecdoche , a substitute for representation ; and irony , a substitute for dialectic . He described these tropes and the way they overlap in A Grammar of Motives . In addition to its use in everyday speech , metonymy is a figure of speech in some poetry and in much rhetoric . Greek and Latin scholars of rhetoric made significant contributions to the study of metonymy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885d8e7479bdc8c5846701767e52f702", "text": "Reverse marketing Reverse marketing is the concept of marketing in which the customer seeks the firm rather than marketers seeking the customer . Usually , this is done through traditional means of advertising , such as television advertisements , print magazine advertisements and online media . While traditional marketing mainly deals with the seller finding the right set of customers and targeting them , reverse marketing focuses on the customer approaching potential sellers who may be able to offer product . Leenders and Blenkhorn define Reverse Marketing as `` an aggressive and imaginative approach to achieving supply objectives . The purchaser makes the initiative in making the proposal . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe333eb5df77f4f21d656f8b246ad78", "text": "Merck Group The Merck Group , branded and commonly known as Merck , is a German multinational chemical , pharmaceutical and life sciences company headquartered in Darmstadt , with around 50,000 employees in around 70 countries . Merck was founded in 1668 and is the world 's oldest operating chemical and pharmaceutical company , as well as one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world . Merck operates in Europe , Africa , Asia , Oceania and the Americas . It has major research and development centres in Darmstadt , Boston , Tokyo and Beijing . Merck pioneered the commercial manufacture of morphine in the 19th century and for a time held a virtual monopoly on cocaine . Merck was privately owned until going public on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 1995 , and is listed on the DAX index of Germany 's top companies . The Merck family still controls a majority 70.3 % of the company 's shares . The Merck Group includes around 250 companies in 180 countries ; the current main parent company of the group , since 1995 , is named Merck KGaA , and is itself mainly owned by the former main parent company , E. Merck oHG , which now operates as a holding company . The American pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. was established as a subsidiary of Merck in 1891 , but was nationalized by the United States in 1917 , before being privatized again . It is known as MSD ( Merck Sharp and Dohme ) outside of North America . The original Merck of Darmstadt holds the rights to the name Merck in all countries except the U.S. and Canada , where it is known as EMD ( Emanuel Merck , Darmstadt ) . In 2015 Merck adopted a new uniform brand identity for all its subsidiaries , and the company has stressed its intention to protect the brand of `` the real Merck '' globally and initiated litigation against its former subsidiary over use of the name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a69e958706e99391cd2e90d22517760c", "text": "Ɵ Barred o ( capital : Ɵ , lowercase : ɵ ) is a letter in several Latin alphabets . Historic examples include the Azerbaijani alphabet used between 1922 and 1933 and its successor , the Uniform Turkic Alphabet ( including its versions like Jaꞑalif and the Azerbaijani alphabet used between 1933 and 1939 ) , in which it represented the open-mid front rounded vowel -LSB- -LSB- œ -RSB- -RSB- . In many alphabets it was replaced by the Cyrillic letter Ө ө in 1939 . In Azerbaijani , it was again replaced by the Latin letter Ö ö in 1991 . The Tatar Latin alphabet devised in the late 1990s by the Tatarstan authorities included the letter Ɵ ɵ . The letter is also part of the African reference alphabet . In the International Phonetic Alphabet , the lowercase -LSB- -LSB- ɵ -RSB- -RSB- represents the close-mid central rounded vowel . It has no relation to the slashed zero , slashed O , the similar Latin letter Ꝋꝋ , the Cyrillic letter fita , or the Greek theta , despite their similar shapes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbefc6da46c322f8d0a2aa44c559a19f", "text": "Attitudinal targeting Attitudinal Targeting For the purpose of better understanding attitudinal targeting , it can be discussed using the 5 W 's and one H : who , what , when , where , why , and how . David Grossman , author of the article `` How To Communicate Better with The 5 Ws and an H '' , stated this is the essential foundation in understanding the full context of a topic and making it relevant to the audience . What is attitudinal targeting and how is it used ? Attitudinal targeting is a type of market segmentation that layers objective research findings , typically from surveys or focus groups , into other targeting segmentation criteria.Attitudinal research typically gather qualitative methods to better understand consumer 's feelings and thoughts . Researchers gather data in forms such as quotations and anecdotes to try to directly identify how to position themselves better to the consumers they wish to target ( Travis , E. ,2017 ) . What happens with attitudinal targeting ? Specific goals and objectives are created when conducting attitudinal research . Attitudinal research is focused on obtaining a group of consumers ' feelings , predispositions , and motivations . The ultimate goal is to take a broad target audience and narrow the market into particular subsets such as consumers or businesses that share similar interests , needs etc. . The objectives can be narrowed down to segmentations such as : geographic , demographic , behavioral , psychographic , cultural , etc ( Guy , D. ( 2016 ) . Using the identified segmentation , the results allow marketers and advertisers to build custom audience profiles based on the unique characteristics of the audience surveyed . Who is involved in attitudinal marketing ? Brand advertisers and brand marketers use the data collected from attitudinal marketing to target a richly defined audience . Bryan Gernert , CEO of Resonate said , `` Advertisers and brand marketers spend a significant amount of time and money researching and developing their target audiences and identifying the best message to connect on a deeper level to drive brand and product loyalty , but when they try to apply this deep knowledge online they are forced to dilute their strategy to fit the limitations of demographic and purchase behavior targeting . '' However , consumers make decisions based on attitude more than they do behavior . Many decisions consumers make are made based upon their attitudes , values , and beliefs therefore , making attitudinal targeting a more successful method in identifying consumers ' wants and needs ( Resonate. ,2010 ) . Where and when does attitudinal targeting typically take place ? Once researchers have identified an attitudinal segment they can then engage in conducting and analyzing focus groups , social media trends , app campaigns , and databases to find what that select group takes a liking to . In the past many marketing assumptions have been made for targeting consumers , and attitudinal research is a great way to check accuracy . An example is match.com who did a campaign in hopes to find out the true attitudes that single individuals hold in order to better market their site . It has been assumed by marketers that many singles are worried about the opinions of others and are very conscious of their image . However after match.com selected occupation as a segmentation that they would closely research they then narrowed it down to single individuals using dating sites . After conducting surveys , to their surprise they uncovered that single individuals actually are far less likely to be concerned with others opinions compared to those who are in a relationship ( Resonate. ,2010 ) . Attitudinal research can take place anywhere as long as the researcher is specific and has an accurate way to measure results . Why attitudinal research over other types of consumer research ? Attitudinal research allows marketers to place a high value on their audiences opinions and how they feel about topics and concerns that they may have . Insights can be gathers to find out what motivates consumers by directly hearing from the consumer themselves versus a practitioner trying to predict how they may feel or react ( Travis , E. ,2017 ) . By conducting this research researchers can also more easily uncover potential problems and feelings towards a particular idea or product . Sources Cited : Guy , D. ( 2016 ) . Storylift Blog . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 , from http://blog.storylift.com/what-is-attitudinal-targeting University of Nebraska-Lincoln | Web Developer Network . ( n.d. ) . Remember the 5 W 's . Retrieved April 09 , 2017 , from http://its.unl.edu/bestpractices/remember-5-ws Steve Buttry.The 5 W 's ( and How ) are even more important to business than to journalism . ( 2011 , December 21 ) . Retrieved April 09 , 2017 , from https://stevebuttry.wordpress.com/2011/04/27/the-5-w%E2%80%99s-and-how-are-even-more-important-to-business-than-to-journalism/ Grossman , D. ( n.d. ) . How To Communicate Better with The 5 Ws and an H. Retrieved April 09 , 2017 , from http://www.yourthoughtpartner.com/blog/bid/53902/the-5-ws-and-an-h-to-communicate-virtually-anything Resonate . ( 2010 ) . Attitudinal Targeting Is up to Four Times More Effective Than Demographic Targeting . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 , from http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/attitudinal-targeting-is-up-to-four-times-more-effective-than-demographic-targeting-1167677.htm Travis , E. ( 2017 , April 07 ) . The User Research Dream Team : Attitudinal vs. Behavioural Techniques . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 , from https://www.prwd.co.uk/blog/user-research-dream-team-attitudinal-vs-behavioural-techniques/ Category : Marketing terminology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db6a8cd98f7196add5c3bada050fe008", "text": "MasterCard Mastercard Incorporated or Mastercard Worldwide is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in the MasterCard International Global Headquarters , Purchase , New York , United States , in Westchester County . The Global Operations Headquarters is located in O'Fallon , Missouri , United States , a suburb of St. Louis , Missouri . Throughout the world , its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the `` Mastercard '' brand debit and credit cards to make purchases . Mastercard Worldwide has been a publicly traded company since 2006 . Prior to its initial public offering , MasterCard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards . Mastercard , originally known as Interbank/Master Charge , was created by several California banks as a competitor to the BankAmericard issued by Bank of America , which later became the Visa credit card issued by Visa Inc. . From 1966 to 1979 , Mastercard was called `` Interbank '' and `` Master Charge '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908f567368e7c14f97500a948f5a3c17", "text": "Three-letter acronym A three-letter acronym , three-letter abbreviation , or TLA is an abbreviation , specifically an acronym , alphabetism , or initialism , consisting of three letters . These are usually the initial letters of the words of the phrase abbreviated , and are written in capital letters ( upper case ) ; three-letter abbreviations such as etc. and Mrs. are not three-letter acronyms , but `` TLA '' itself is a TLA ( an example of a self-referencing definition ) . Most three-letter abbreviations are initialisms : all the letters are pronounced as the names of letters , as in APA -LSB- ˌeɪpiːˈeɪ -RSB- . Some are acronyms pronounced as a word ; computed axial tomography , CAT , is almost always pronounced as the animal 's name in `` CAT scan '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a60461056de8bb06e96338fcdc83962", "text": "ACN Inc. ACN , LLC ( formerly ACN , Inc. ) is a North-American based multi-level marketing ( MLM ) company which provides telecommunications , energy , merchant services and other services , depending on the country , through a network of independent sales agents known as `` Independent Business Owners '' ( IBOs ) , who themselves can recruit new people as sales agents . IBOs earn residual income and bonuses through the acquisition of personal customers , as well as customers by other IBOs they recruit . Based in Concord , North Carolina , United States , ACN began operations in the United States in 1993 as an American Communications Network . It extended operations to Europe in 1999 , to the Pacific in 2004 , to Asia in 2011 , and now operates in 25 countries , on four continents . As a reflection of its international operations , it changed its name to just the initial letters ACN . The company is a member of the Direct Selling Associations in North America and Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e1e570a91d1991226a0be079201596", "text": "ɪ Small capital I is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet similar in its dimensions to the letter `` i '' but with a shape based on , its capital form . Although is usually an allograph of the letter I , it is considered as an additional letter in the African reference alphabet and has been used as such in some publications in Kulango languages in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s . In the International Phonetic Alphabet , the lowercase small capital I / ɪ / is used as the symbol for near-close near-front unrounded vowel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dcd2d0249de02443db7d565b0f15d8f", "text": "History of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world . It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as `` the alphabet '' in English . It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2500 years . It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets , the Phoenician , Greek , and Etruscan . The phonetic values of some letters changed , some letters were lost and gained , and several writing styles ( `` hands '' ) developed . Two such styles , the minuscule and majuscule hands , were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters . Due to classicism , modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts . There are few regional variants .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "505be80a9fc0f2ffee103f2951c76031", "text": "Zeus Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- ( Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus . His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter . His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin . Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach . In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus . At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite . Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades . These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses . He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . '' He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' . Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak . In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' ( Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta ) also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter . Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "234d96a67a1b1c8d187815ce1db33780", "text": "Cledonism In the occult of classical antiquity , cledonism , or cledonomancy , was a kind of divination based on chance events or encounters , such as words occasionally uttered . The word is formed from the Greek κληδών which signifies rumor , a report , omen , fame , name . Cicero observes that the Pythagoreans made observation not only of the words of the gods , but of those of men ; and accordingly believed the pronouncing of certain words , e.g. the word incendium ( destruction , ruin ) , at a meal to be very unlucky . Thus , instead of prison , they used the word domicilium ( residence , dwelling ) ; and to avoid Erinyes , said Eumenides . According to Pausanias , cledonism was popular at Smyrna , where the Apollonian Oracles were interpreted . He also mentions its use at the shrine of Hermes Agoraios in Pharae . An individual , upon whispering a question into the god 's ear , plugged his own ears , left the agora , and then listened for the god 's answer among the chance words of pedestrians . This was likely popular because the individual selectively chose which words formed the answer . An example of cledonism occurs in the Odyssey , Book XX . Before taking vengeance on the suitors , Odysseus asks for a divine sign , and Zeus answers with a clap of thunder . This is immediately followed by words from a servant-woman , asking Zeus to `` let this be the very last day that the suitors dine in the house of Odysseus . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f3d82e42eb30c7403de54648ce4421", "text": "Juno (mythology) Juno ( Iūnō -LSB- ˈjuːnoː -RSB- ) is an ancient Roman goddess , the protector and special counselor of the state . She is a daughter of Saturn and sister ( but also the wife ) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan . Juno also looked after the women of Rome . Her Greek equivalent was Hera . Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni . As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire , Juno was called Regina ( `` Queen '' ) and , together with Jupiter and Minerva , was worshipped as a triad on the Capitol ( Juno Capitolina ) in Rome . Juno 's own warlike aspect among the Romans is apparent in her attire . She often appeared sitting pictured with a peacock armed and wearing a goatskin cloak . The traditional depiction of this warlike aspect was assimilated from the Greek goddess Athena , whose goatskin was called the ` aegis ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "074f16c03dbe59f6271dc07d05101a17", "text": "Haemus In Greek mythology , King Haemus of Thrace ( -LSB- ˈhiːməs -RSB- , Haîmos ) was the son of Boreas . He was vain and haughty and compared himself and his wife , Queen Rhodope , to Zeus and Hera . The gods changed him and his wife into mountains ( Haemus Mons and Rhodope Mountains , respectively ) . In ancient Greek , the Balkan Peninsula was thus known as the `` Peninsula of Haemus '' , a name which retains some currency in modern Greek . Another classic etymology derives the name ` Haemos ' from the myth about the fight of Zeus and the dragon Typhon : `` He was again driven to Thrace and hurled entire mountains at Zeus in the battle around Mount Haemus . When these bounced back upon him under the force of the thunderbolt , blood gushed out on the mountain . From this , they say , the mountain is called haemus ( `` bloody '' ) . '' `` Gods and Heroes of the Greeks : The Library of Apollodorus ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80b803e785ce37129a4c399df0cc393", "text": "Ourea In Greek mythology , the Ourea ( Oὔρεα `` mountains , '' plural of Oὖρος ) were progeny of Gaia , members of the Greek primordial deities , who were the first-born elemental gods and goddesses , children of Gaia : And she brought forth long hills , graceful haunts of the goddess Nymphs who dwell amongst the glens of the hills . The nine ourea , Aitna , Athos , Helikon , Kithairon , Nysos , Olympus , Oreios , Parnes , and Tmolus , like Uranus , and Pontus , were parthenogenetic offspring of Gaia alone . The Greeks rarely personified an individual mountain ; an exception might be Tmolus , both a king and a mountain in Lydia . Each mountain was said to have its own local nymph , an oread . Peak sanctuaries , a feature of Minoan civilization on Crete , are also identified in some archaic sites in mainland Greece . They are not thought to be dedicated to the mountain itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91d07f901f78826e4c84594523f4fff2", "text": "Kratos (mythology) In Greek mythology , Kratos or Cratus ( Ancient Greek : Κράτος ( `` Power '' ) is the son of Pallas and Styx ; he and his siblings Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Bia ( `` Force '' ) , and Zelus ( `` Glory '' ) are all essentially personifications . Kratos , along with Bia , make a brief appearance in Aeschylus 's Prometheus Bound , where in the opening scene , acting as agents of Zeus , they lead their captive , the Titan Prometheus on stage , and instruct Hephaestus to chain Prometheus to a rock , as punishment for his theft of fire . In Aeschylus 's Libation Bearers Electra calls upon Kratos , Dike ( `` Justice '' ) and Zeus to aid her brother Orestes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99d7bbfc96288ae0a07ce2bef4ec2d0", "text": "The Greek Myths The Greek Myths ( 1955 ) is a mythography , a compendium of Greek mythology , with comments and analyses , by the poet and writer Robert Graves , normally published in two volumes , though there are abridged editions that present the myths only . Each myth is presented in the voice of a narrator writing under the Antonines , such as Plutarch or Pausanias , with citations of the classical sources . The literary quality of these retellings is generally praised . Each myth is followed by Graves 's interpretation of its origin and significance , following his theories on a prehistoric Matriarchal religion as presented in his book White Goddess and elsewhere . These theories and his etymologies are generally rejected by classical scholars , but Graves dismissed such criticism , arguing that by definition classical scholars lack `` the poetic capacity to forensically examine mythology '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b14d071d4432583146a3aa068c874bd", "text": "Pallas (Titan) In Greek mythology , Pallas ( -LSB- / ˈpæl əs / -RSB- Πάλλας ) was one of the Titans . According to Hesiod , he was the son of Crius and Eurybia , the brother of Astraeus and Perses , the husband of Styx , and the father of Zelus ( `` Zeal '' or `` Emulation '' ) , Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Kratos ( `` Strength '' or `` Power '' ) , and Bia ( `` Might '' or `` Force '' ) . Hyginus says that Pallas , whom he calls `` the giant '' , also fathered with Styx : Scylla , Fontes ( `` Fountains '' ) and Lacus ( `` Lakes '' ) . Pallas was sometimes regarded as the Titan god of warcraft and of the springtime campaign season . The Homeric Hymn to Hermes makes the moon goddess Selene ( usually the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia ) , the daughter of a Pallas , son of ( otherwise unknown ) Megamedes , which is possibly the same as this Pallas . Ovid uses the patronymic `` Pallantias '' or `` Pallantis '' as another name for Aurora , the Roman equivalent of the Greek Eos ( `` Dawn '' ) , who was the sister of Selene ; Ovid apparently regarding Aurora ( or Eos ) as the daughter of ( or otherwise related to ) Pallas . The Suda in discussing Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' suggests a possible derivation `` from brandishing ( pallein ) the spear '' . The geographer Pausanias reports that Pellene , a city in Achaea , was claimed by its inhabitants to be named after Pallas , while the Argives claimed it was named for the Argive Pellen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a01cef33e143ab6f6bd799d6124a3244", "text": "Moirai In Greek mythology , the Moirai or Moerae -LSB- ˈmɪrˌiː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmiːˌriː -RSB- ( Μοῖραι , `` apportioners '' ) , often known in English as the Fates ( Fatae ) , were the white-robed incarnations of destiny ; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae ( euphemistically the `` sparing ones '' ) . Their number became fixed at three : Clotho ( spinner ) , Lachesis ( allotter ) and Atropos ( unturnable ) . They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death . They were independent , at the helm of necessity , directed fate , and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction . The gods and men had to submit to them , although Zeus 's relationship with them is a matter of debate : some sources say he is the only one who can command them ( the Zeus Moiragetes ) , yet others suggest he was also bound to the Moirai 's dictates . In the Homeric poems Moira or Aisa , is related with the limit and end of life , and Zeus appears as the guider of destiny . In the Theogony of Hesiod , the three Moirai are personified , daughters of Nyx and are acting over the gods . Later they are daughters of Zeus and Themis , who was the embodiment of divine order and law . In Plato 's Republic the Three Fates are daughters of Ananke ( necessity ) . It seems that Moira is related with Tekmor ( proof , ordinance ) and with Ananke ( destiny , necessity ) , who were primeval goddesses in mythical cosmogonies . The ancient Greek writers might call this power Moira or Ananke , and even the gods could not alter what was ordained . The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared to similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta , the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat . In earliest Greek philosophy , the cosmogony of Anaximander is based on these mythical beliefs . The goddess Dike ( justice , divine retribution ) , keeps the order and sets a limit to any actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b90bf7b237e3e76ad65b827cf1350c", "text": "Hades Hades ( -LSB- ˈheɪdiːz -RSB- -LSB- or Άͅδης , Háidēs ) was the ancient Greek chthonic god of the underworld , which eventually took his name . In Greek mythology , Hades was regarded as the oldest son of Cronus and Rhea , although the last son regurgitated by his father . He and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated their father 's generation of gods , the Titans , and claimed rulership over the cosmos . Hades received the underworld , Zeus the sky , and Poseidon the sea , with the solid earth -- long the province of Gaia -- available to all three concurrently . Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus . The Etruscan god Aita and Roman gods Dis Pater and Orcus were eventually taken as equivalent to the Greek Hades and merged as Pluto , a Latinization of his euphemistic Greek name Plouton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc578d80839745a3a77a9fafcbd79d2b", "text": "Finnish mythology Finnish mythology is a commonly applied description of the folklore of Finnish paganism , of which a modern revival is practiced by a small percentage of the Finnish people . It has many features shared with fellow Finnic Estonian mythology and its non-Finnic neighbours , the Balts and the Scandinavians . Some of their myths are also distantly related to the myths of other Finno-Ugric speakers like the Samis . Finnish mythology survived within an oral tradition of mythical poem-singing and folklore well into the 19th century . Although the gradual influence of surrounding cultures raised the significance of the sky-god in a monolatristic manner , the father god `` Ukko '' ( Old Man ) was originally just a nature spirit like all the others . Of the animals , the most sacred was the bear , whose real name was never uttered out loud , lest his kind be unfavorable to the hunting . The bear ( `` karhu '' in Finnish ) was seen as the embodiment of the forefathers , and for this reason it was called by many circumlocutions : mesikämmen ( `` mead-paw '' ) , otso ( `` browed one '' ) , kontio ( `` dweller of the land '' ) , metsän kultaomena ( `` the golden apple of the forest '' ) but not a god .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d25d65e0d2a0e6a552a0b4af855b23d", "text": "Phaethon In Greek mythology , Phaethon ( -LSB- ˈfeɪ.əθən -RSB- Φαέθων , Phaéthōn , -LSB- pʰa.é.tʰɔ͜ɔn -RSB- ) , was the son of the Oceanid Clymene and the solar deity Helios . Alternatively , less common genealogies make him a son of Clymenus by Oceanid Merope , of Helios and Rhodos ( thus a full brother of the Heliadae ) or of Helios and Prote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64dc595b5dcd0a3ca9c95c4048c049ec", "text": "Ogygia Ogygia ( -LSB- oʊˈdʒɪdʒiə -RSB- Ὠγυγίη Ōgygíē -LSB- ɔːɡyɡíɛː -RSB- , or Ὠγυγία Ōgygia -LSB- ɔːɡyɡíaː -RSB- ) is an island mentioned in Homer 's Odyssey , Book V , as the home of the nymph Calypso , the daughter of the Titan Atlas , also known as Atlantis in ancient Greek . In Homer 's Odyssey Calypso detained Odysseus on Ogygia for 7 years and kept him from returning to his home of Ithaca , wanting to marry him . Athena complained about Calypso 's actions to Zeus , who sent the messenger Hermes to Ogygia to order Calypso to release Odysseus . Hermes is Odysseus 's great grandfather on his mother 's side , through Autolycos . Calypso finally , though reluctantly , instructed Odysseus to build a small raft , gave him food and wine , and let him depart the island . The Odyssey describes Ogygia as follows :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c56f0ec281a3bdd7f54ff73f12fecf", "text": "Arbius Arbius was a toponymic epithet of the Greek god Zeus , derived from Mount Arbias in Crete - in modern times , the hills and chasms near Arvi - where he was worshipped . It is also hypothesized that `` Arbius '' has some relationship to the Latin arbor ( `` tree '' ) , as Zeus was known to have been worshipped as a tree god on Crete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc21b14896f13726a8e5abd3583ca6b8", "text": "Leda (mythology) In Greek mythology , Leda ( -LSB- ˈliːdə , _ ˈleɪ - -RSB- Λήδα -LSB- lɛ͜ɛ́da͜a -RSB- ) was daughter of the Aetolian king Thestius , and wife of king Tyndareus of Sparta . Her myth gave rise to the popular motif in Renaissance and later art of Leda and the Swan . She was the mother of Helen of Troy , Clytemnestra , and Castor and Pollux ( Κάστωρ καὶ Πολυδεύκης , also spelled Kastor and Polydeuces ) . Leda was admired by Zeus , who seduced her in the guise of a swan . As a swan , Zeus fell into her arms for protection from a pursuing eagle . Their consummation , on the same night as Leda lay with her husband Tyndareus , resulted in two eggs from which hatched Helen ( later known as the beautiful `` Helen of Troy '' ) , Clytemnestra , and Castor and Pollux ( also known as the Dioscuri . Which children are the progeny of Tyndareus the mortal king , and which are of Zeus and thus half-immortal , is not consistent among accounts , nor is which child hatched from which egg . The split is almost always half mortal , half divine , although the pairings do not always reflect the children 's heritage pairings . Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal , sometimes both divine . One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal , it is Pollux . It is also always stated that Helen is the daughter of Zeus . Leda also had other daughters by Tyndareus : Timandra , Phoebe , and Philonoe . In Homer 's Iliad '' , Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans . The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon , thus suggesting that at least in the Homeric tradition , both were mortal . Another account of the myth states that Nemesis was the mother of Helen , and was also impregnated by Zeus in the guise of a swan . A shepherd found the egg and gave it to Leda , who carefully kept it in a chest until the egg hatched . When the egg hatched , Leda adopted Helen as her daughter . Zeus also commemorated the birth of Helen by creating the constellation Cygnus , the Swan , in the sky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8150afaefc73646b889bb54892c847a0", "text": "Phidias Phidias or Pheidias ( -LSB- ˈfɪdiəs -RSB- Φειδίας , Pheidias ; c. 480 -- 430 BC ) was a Greek sculptor , painter , and architect . His statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Phidias also designed the statues of the goddess Athena on the Athenian Acropolis , namely the Athena Parthenos inside the Parthenon , and the Athena Promachos , a colossal bronze which stood between it and the Propylaea , a monumental gateway that served as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens . Phidias was the son of Charmides of Athens . The ancients believed that his masters were Hegias and Ageladas . Plutarch discusses Phidias ' friendship with the Greek statesman Pericles , recording that enemies of Pericles tried to attack him through Phidias - who was accused of stealing gold intended for the Parthenon 's statue of Athena , and of impiously portraying himself and Pericles on the shield of the statue . The historical value of this account , as well as the legend about accusations against the ` Periclean circle ' , including Aspasia and Anaxagoras , is debatable , but Aristophanes mentions an incident with Phidias around that time . Phidias is often credited as the main instigator of the Classical Greek sculptural design . Today , most critics and historians consider him one of the greatest of all ancient Greek sculptors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7159a610865be422ca48f7e9cd197511", "text": "Queen of heaven (antiquity) Queen of Heaven was a title given to a number of ancient sky goddesses worshipped throughout the ancient Mediterranean and Near East during ancient times . Goddesses known to have been referred to by the title include Inanna , Anat , Isis , Astarte , Hera , and possibly Asherah ( by the prophet Jeremiah ) . Elsewhere , Nordic Frigg also bore this title . In Greco-Roman times Hera , and her Roman aspect Juno bore this title . Forms and content of worship varied . In modern times , the title `` Queen of Heaven '' is still used by contemporary pagans to refer to the Great Goddess , while Catholics and Orthodox Christians now apply the ancient pagan title to Mary , the mother of Jesus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "373bf6e11da5985250ecefa6440dbf2c", "text": "Kyrios Kyrios or kurios ( κύριος , kýrios ) is a Greek word which is usually translated as `` lord '' or `` master '' . In religious usage , it is sometimes translated as God . It is used in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible and the Greek New Testament . Kyrios appears about 740 times in the New Testament , usually referring to Jesus . In Classical Athens , the word kyrios referred to the head of the household ( oikos ) , who was responsible for his wife , children , and any unmarried female relatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "582831e48aefeb14eda3b66568c1a6d4", "text": "Dionysia The Dionysia ( -LSB- daɪəˈnaɪsiə -RSB- ) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus , the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and , from 487 BC , comedies . It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia . The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals , the Rural Dionysia and the City Dionysia , which took place in different parts of the year . They were also an essential part of the Dionysian Mysteries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a2f2e9ab4cb9dc0cc396bee67877cd0", "text": "Maenad In Greek mythology , maenads ( -LSB- ˈmiːnædz -RSB- μαινάδες -LSB- - grcmaiˈnades -RSB- ) were the female followers of Dionysus and the most significant members of the Thiasus , the god 's retinue . Their name literally translates as `` raving ones . '' Maenads were known as Bassarids , Bacchae -LSB- ˈbækiː -RSB- or Bacchantes -LSB- ˈbækənts , _ bəˈkænts , _ - ˈkɑːnts -RSB- in Roman mythology after the penchant of the equivalent Roman god , Bacchus , to wear a bassaris or fox-skin . Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by Dionysus into a state of ecstatic frenzy through a combination of dancing and intoxication . During these rites , the maenads would dress in fawn skins and carry a thyrsus , a long stick wrapped in ivy or vine leaves and tipped with a pine cone . They would weave ivy-wreaths around their heads or wear a bull helmet in honor of their god , and often handle or wear snakes . These women were mythologized as the ` mad women ' who were nurses of Dionysus in Nysa : Lycurgus `` chased the Nurses of the frenzied Dionysus through the holy hills of Nysa , and the sacred implements dropped to the ground from the hands of one and all , as the murderous Lycurgus struck them down with his ox-goad . '' They went into the mountains at night and practiced strange rites . According to Plutarch 's Life of Alexander , maenads were called Mimallones and Klodones in Macedon , epithets derived from the feminine art of spinning wool . Nevertheless , these warlike parthenoi ( `` virgins '' ) from the hills , associated with a Dionysios pseudanor `` fake male Dionysus '' , routed an invading enemy . In southern Greece they were described with Bacchae , Bassarides , Thyiades , Potniades and other epithets . The term maenad has come to be associated with a wide variety of women , supernatural , mythological , and historical , associated with the god Dionysus and his worship . In Euripides ' play The Bacchae , maenads of Thebes murder King Pentheus after he bans the worship of Dionysus . Dionysus , Pentheus ' cousin , himself lures Pentheus to the woods , where the maenads tear him apart . His corpse is mutilated by his own mother , Agave , who tears off his head , believing it to be that of a lion . A group of maenads also kill Orpheus . In ceramic art , the frolicking of Maenads and Dionysus is often a theme depicted on kraters , used to mix water and wine . These scenes show the maenads in their frenzy running in the forests , often tearing to pieces any animal they happen to come across . German philologist Walter Friedrich Otto writes :", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aa275b598137085cc26429be1937030b", "text": "Atlantic City (1980 film) Atlantic City is a 1980 French-Canadian romantic crime film directed by Louis Malle . Filmed in late 1979 , it was released in France and Germany in 1980 and in the United States in 1981 . The script was written by John Guare . It stars Burt Lancaster , Susan Sarandon , Kate Reid , Robert Joy , Hollis McLaren , Michel Piccoli , and Al Waxman . Atlantic City is among the 41 films to be nominated for all `` Big Five '' Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress and Best Screenplay , and one of only eight among this group to not take home a single award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05f940eaeebf22961fbff2da2b572cb3", "text": "Robert Joy Robert Joy ( born August 17 , 1951 ) is a Canadian actor . He is best known for his roles as Dr. Sid Hammerback in CSI : NY , Charlie Houx in Land of the Dead , Lizard in The Hills Have Eyes , Dave in Atlantic City , and Jim in Desperately Seeking Susan .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6449631b0ace45c50007078080c2e881", "text": "Gloria Marín Gloria Marín ( born Gloria Méndez Ramos ; 19 April 1919 -- 13 April 1983 ) was a Mexican film and television actress . One of the most celebrated female stars of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecbb2d804380e4a3b6c64139bb56d44", "text": "Brigantine Island Brigantine Island ( also known as Brigantine Beach Island ) is a 6 mi long island off the Atlantic Ocean coast of New Jersey , located northeast of Atlantic City . The resort community of Brigantine is located on the island . The island is accessible via Route 87 , which terminates at the end of the Brigantine Bridge , after crossing the Absecon Channel . After crossing the channel , the road 's designation changes to County Route 638 ( Brigantine Boulevard ) . The Brigantine Lighthouse is a lighthouse on Brigantine Island . It was built in 1926 by the Island Development Real Estate Company to attract people to Brigantine Island and not as an operating lighthouse , somewhat like Lucy the Elephant to the south .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2945459187894abc9e97b22ec4024501", "text": "Andrea Arnold Andrea Arnold , OBE ( born 5 April 1961 ) is an English filmmaker and former actress . She won an Academy Award for her short film Wasp in 2005 and has since made the leap to feature films and television , including Red Road , Fish Tank and American Honey , all of which have won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival . Most recently , she directed three episodes of the Emmy-winning series Transparent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cc6709d3c107b114008bd271f69da6", "text": "Ocean City Ocean City may refer to one of several places in the United States : Ocean City , Maryland , a prominent beach resort town in the mid-Atlantic region . Ocean City , New Jersey , a family-oriented seaside resort town near Atlantic City . Ocean City , Florida , a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Okaloosa County . Ocean City , Washington , a sparsely populated CDP along the Pacific Coast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56b3b50062ab152ec8d21a46816ea3e9", "text": "Beverly Adams Beverly Adams Sassoon ( born November 7 , 1945 ) is a Canadian-born actress and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc25a7f1c07ffd673c318ffca65d793", "text": "Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be09741c7cbbee06e0d59be64c7a33e", "text": "Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City The Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City began as a hotel on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City , New Jersey , built at the beginning of the Roaring Twenties and renowned for its luxurious decor and famous guests . It was used as an apartment hotel beginning in 1969 , and then purchased in 1978 intending to develop it as a hotel/casino . The building was converted to The Ritz Condominiums in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce08be8b36f865e5e9570e9572daa0e", "text": "Jaydy Michel Jaydy Michel Brixon ( -LSB- ˈʝeiði miˈtʃel -RSB- ; born December 20 , 1975 ) is a Mexican actress and fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6bb920a0f312f84983cf7982abb6362", "text": "Monique Miller Monique Miller , ( born 9 December 1933 ) is a French Canadian actress . In 2001 , she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . In 2011 , she was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b716578a418d5dfca9839910ab0c96b0", "text": "Caroline Cellier Caroline Cellier ( born 1945 ) is a French actress . She has appeared in such films as L'année des méduses ( Year of the Jellyfish ) , La vie , l'amour , la mort , Le zèbre and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9d8c1230a651134bc1b5f236d84d103", "text": "Julie St. Claire Julie St. Claire ( born Juliette Marie Capone ; June 10 , 1970 ) , is an American actress , director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33cf3bfdbde0c139ada1356c0c91b1", "text": "Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name . Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others . Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b41366f327e3688abbd4a2863300335", "text": "Atlantic Antic The Atlantic Antic is a street festival held yearly on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn , New York between 4th Aveue and Hicks Street . It is run and produced by the Atlantic Avenue Local Development Corporation ( AALDC ) . The festival features food and craft stands , live music , and entertainment . In 2006 , some 300 vendors and 300,000 people attended ; in 2009 , roughly 600 vendors and over a million people were estimated to have attended . The fair has occurred each Fall since 1974 , except for in 2001 , when Mayor Rudy Giuliani canceled all NYC parades and fairs following the September 11 attacks , and in 2002 , when a city policy on street closure prevented the AALDC from holding the fair . The fair runs for 10 blocks ( over one mile ) along Atlantic Avenue in the Brooklyn Heights , Cobble Hill , and Boerum Hill neighborhoods of Brooklyn . The fair is mentioned in the Beastie Boys ' 1989 song `` Shadrach , '' from Paul 's Boutique : So I 'm out pickin ' pockets at the Atlantic Antic / And nobody wants to hear you 'cause your rhymes are so frantic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0b65a364293e09571685326206aa06d", "text": "Atlantic City algorithm An Atlantic City algorithm is a probabilistic polynomial-time algorithm that answers correctly at least 75 % of the time ( or , in some versions , some other value greater than 50 % ) . The term `` Atlantic City '' was first introduced in 1982 by J. Finn in an unpublished manuscript entitled Comparison of probabilistic tests for primality . Two other common classes of probabilistic algorithms are Monte Carlo algorithms and Las Vegas algorithms . Monte Carlo algorithms are always fast , but only probably correct . On the other hand , Las Vegas algorithms are always correct , but only probably fast . The Atlantic City algorithms which are bounded probabilistic polynomial time algorithms are probably correct and probably fast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "530346904603a1c4a7770bf2e060180e", "text": "Ariel Waller Ariel Waller is a Canadian child actress who started acting at age three . Her first major role was as James J. Braddock 's daughter Rosemarie in Cinderella Man in 2005 when she was six . She is best known for having starred as Martina `` Marti '' Venturi in the Canadian TV series , Life With Derek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d4f90010e47c56f237401066f2e980", "text": "Annabella Sciorra Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra ( -LSB- ˈʃoʊrə -RSB- , ; born March 29 , 1960 ) is an Italian-American actress . Her film roles include Cadillac Man ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , The Hand That Rocks the Cradle ( 1992 ) , Cop Land ( 1997 ) and What Dreams May Come ( 1998 ) . She was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos ( 2001 -- 04 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3ff58a5b3aad5ca991510287244735", "text": "Atlantic Theatre Festival The Atlantic Theatre Festival ( ATF ) was a professional theatre company located in Wolfville , Nova Scotia , Canada . The Theatre Festival presented a `` broad range of critically acclaimed theatre classics '' during the summer in Wolfville 's Festival Theatre , the former town hockey arena which was converted into a 504 seat , thrust stage theatre and professional production facility by the Atlantic Theatre Festival Society ( a non-profit charity ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a5fec03f7228b44b2c3e6893d1bada5", "text": "List of Mayors of Atlantic City, New Jersey The Mayor is the highest elected official in Atlantic City , New Jersey . Since its incorporation in 1854 , the town has had 39 mayors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbf66b7f217dc13cec437dc7a3e47dd", "text": "Nanette Bordeaux Nanette Bordeaux ( April 3 , 1911September 20 , 1956 ) was a French Canadian-born American film actress . Born Hélène Olivine Veilleux , Bordeaux made over 15 film appearances between 1942 and 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e491e9e52a5a953eaf7d08e4803e677b", "text": "The Claridge Hotel (Atlantic City) The Claridge Hotel is a historic hotel in Atlantic City , New Jersey , that opened in 1930 . Beginning in 1981 , Claridge 's operated for many years as a casino , known first as `` Del Webb 's Claridge Hotel and Casino '' , then the `` Claridge Hotel and Casino '' . The hotel was acquired by Bally 's on December 30 , 2002 , as a hotel tower of Bally 's Atlantic City . In February 2014 , the property was acquired by TJM Properties of Clearwater , Florida , who returned the property to a stand-alone hotel without casino gambling .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "496d036bc56ec44a1ddd920b747a17b9", "text": "Islam Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) . Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam . Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "701d6b247f4069b50d8e0aa8097be982", "text": "Hyderabadi Muslims Hyderabadi Muslims are an ethnoreligious community of Urdu-speaking Muslims , part of a larger group of Dakhini Muslims , from the area that used to be the princely state of Hyderabad , India , including cities like Hyderabad , Aurangabad , Gulbarga and Bidar . While the term `` Hyderabadi '' now only refers to residents in and around the city of Hyderabad , the term Hyderabadi Muslims can refer to those native Muslim residents of the erstwhile princely state.The native language of the Hyderabadi Muslims is Hyderabadi Urdu , which is a form of the Dakhini language . With their origins in the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and then the Deccan sultanates , Hyderabadi Muslim culture became defined in the latter half of the reign of the Asif Jahi Dynasty in Hyderabad . The culture exists today mainly in the old city of Hyderabad , Aurangabad , and among the Hyderabadi Muslim diaspora around the world , in particular , Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , USA , Canada and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b4ecba8eeba304cedac391aafa37a41", "text": "Mirzai Mirzai is a derogatory religious slur used by some South Asian Muslims to refer to Ahmadi Muslims , primarily in Pakistan . Etymologically , the term is derived from Mirza , a title of Persian origin denoting the rank of high nobleman or Prince . Ahmadi Muslims are mostly the followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c237b451824f69f9bdb0ec1d440c2d18", "text": "Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9697c94dad95616e67d1c02f4895c9f1", "text": "Ibadi The Ibāḍī movement , Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya , also known as the Ibadis ( الاباضية , al-Ibāḍiyyah ) , is a school of Islam dominant in Oman . It is also found in Algeria , Tunisia , Libya and East Africa . The movement is said to have been founded 20 years after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad , predating both the Sunni and Shia denominations . Some historians believe that the denomination is a reformed sect of the Khawarij movement ; Ibāḍīs , however , deny anything more than a passing relation to the Khawarij and point out that they merely developed out of the same precursor group called Muhakkima .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ee84c563b9f58c06a08d3b4d50e3c7", "text": "Political Islam The term Political Islam is a recently developed term . It is used to label the wide-scale activities of individuals or organizations heading towards the transformation of the state and entire society according to '' Islamic '' rules . It is based on Islam which is a complex of political persuasion and fundamental Islamic books -- Koran , Sira ( the biography of Mohammed ) , and Hadith ( Mohammed 's traditions ) . The term is often used in connection with the movements which represent the current political powers in the name of Islam , emerging at the end of 20th century . It is also used as a term describing political activities stemming from basic Islamic books aiming predominantly at Non-Muslims . Political Islam is often confused with Islamism . However , Political Islam is not only a synonym for violent , radical or extreme Islamism . On the contrary , an overwhelming majority of Islamic political activity is carried out by peaceful means and often within a constitutional framework ( e.g. Arbitration Act from 1996 , where Sharia courts became a part of official British Law ) . International activities of extremists including terrorist acts are an exception not the rule if we talk about political activities executed in the name of Islam . Although this term is often used for organized groups , movements or parties , it can also concern a great number of the individuals who share basic goals and background of Political Islam without any direct connection to a party or group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8274a197d3ccbad6d1ef27d4a681999", "text": "Divisions of the world in Islam The Arabic singular form dar , translated literally , may mean `` house '' , `` abode '' , `` structure '' , `` place '' , `` land '' , or `` country '' . In Islamic jurisprudence it often refers to a part of the world . The notions of `` houses '' or `` divisions '' of the world in Islam such as Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb does not appear in the Quran or the Hadith . According to Abou El Fadl , the only dar the Qur ` an speaks of are `` the abode of the Hereafter and the abode of the earthly life , with the former described as clearly superior to the latter '' . In classical Islamic law , the major division are dar al-islam ( lit . territory of Islam ) , denoting regions where Islamic law prevails , dar al-sulh ( lit . territory of treaty ) denoting non-Islamic lands which have concluded an armistice with a Muslim government , and dar al-harb ( lit . territory of war ) , denoting adjoining non-Islamic lands whose rulers are called upon to accept Islam . Early Islamic jurists devised these terms to denote legal rulings for ongoing Muslim conquests almost a century after Muhammad . The first use of the terms was in Iraq by Abu Hanifa and his disciples Abu Yusuf and Al-Shaybani . Among those in the Levant , Al-Awza ' i was leading in this discipline and later Shafi'i . The concept of dar al-harb has been affected by the political fragmentation of the Muslim world and has little significance today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187156fd00195da6b5af8fc13d0eeb94", "text": "Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil . There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam . Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ac76ce17323da16f07f25d2b16e230", "text": "Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions . The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions . The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha . Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd60639cf3dbd109f04c1ecdfe6c5645", "text": "Muhammad's wives Muhammad 's wives or Wives of Muhammad were the eleven women ( not including his two concubines ) married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Muslims refer to them as Mothers of the Believers ( Arabic : أمهات المؤمنين Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn ) . Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect . The term is derived from : Muhammad 's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs : pre-hijra ( emigration ) in Mecca , a city in western Arabia , from the year 570 to 622 , and post-hijra in Medina , from 622 until his death in 632 . All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra ( migration to Medina ) . Of Muhammad 's thirteen `` wives '' , at least two , Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya , were actually only concubines ; however , there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two became his wives . Of his thirteen wives and/or concubines only two bore him children , a fact which has been described as `` curious '' by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ee34b65ec5fd4f33bde4a17e7ce018", "text": "Surah A Surah ( -LSB- ˈsʊərə -RSB- also spelled Sura ; سورة , plural سور suwar ) is the term for a chapter of the Qur ` an . There are 114 Surahs in the Qur ` an , each divided into verses . The chapters or suras are of unequal length , the shortest chapter ( Al-Kawthar ) has only three ayat ( verses ) while the longest ( Al-Baqara ) contains 286 verses . Of the 114 chapters in the Qur ` an , 87 are classified as Meccan , while 27 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation ; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ( Hijrah ) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan . The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength . Except for sura At-Tawba , all chapters or suras commence with ` In the Name of God , the Merciful , the Compassionate ' . This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters . The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size ; therefore the arrangement of the Qur ` an is neither chronological nor thematic . Suras ( chapters ) are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers . Sura Al-Fatiha , the first chapter of the Qur ` an , is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeea26aed97729928812231c382e67a6", "text": "Al-Qa'im (person) Al-Qāʾim ( القائم `` He Who Arises '' ) is a messiah-like figure in Shia Islam , sometimes referred to as the Mahdi , but distinctly of a Shiʿa tradition . Believers in Babism and the Bahá ' í Faith both consider the Báb ( 1819-1850 ) to have been the Qāʾim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb48d25cb72012d6067cf93c010627e", "text": "Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament . According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f86ae52130d5483bb674a70f3c73d", "text": "Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there . The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun . Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' . Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e471cdcf83aa0b62f20044b78364b74f", "text": "War against Islam War against Islam , also called the War on Islam or Attack on Islam , is a conspiracy theory narrative in Islamist discourse to describe an alleged conspiracy to harm , weaken or annihilate the societal system of Islam , using military , economic , social and cultural means . The perpetrators of the conspiracy are alleged to be non-Muslims ( kuffār ) , particularly the Western world and `` false Muslims '' , allegedly in collusion with political actors in the Western world . While the contemporary conspiracy theory narrative of the `` War against Islam '' mostly covers general issues of societal transformations in modernization and secularization as well as general issues of international power politics among modern states , the crusades are often narrated as its alleged starting point . The phrase or similar phrases have been used by Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb , Ayatollah Khomeini , Anwar al-Awlaki , Osama bin Laden , Chechen militant Dokka Umarov , cleric Anjem Choudary , and Fort Hood murderer Nidal Malik Hasan . The English-language political neologism of `` War on Islam '' was coined in Islamist discourse in the 1990s and popularized as a conspiracy theory only after 2001 . Jonathan Schanzer has argued that the historical Muslim indifference to the West turned to `` alarmed dislike '' with the beginning of Western military superiority in the 17th century . However , with the end of the era of Western colonialism , Islamist rage against non-Muslims and the governments of Muslim-majority countries stems not from alleged non-Muslim aggression and enmity , but from frustration over the unrelenting encroachment of western culture , technology , economies , and from a yearning for a `` return to the glorious days when Islam reigned supreme . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c63a63a5d9bf44e0a4b2fc277fe833", "text": "Historiography of early Islam The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century , from Muhammad 's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661 , and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate , terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c83c0e07880a171e45efa7d10d1a0cc", "text": "Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e1f8174298d4a836aa64d22ac51b23", "text": "Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' . As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East . The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations . In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a58250833bc93179d2356aa912e1d67d", "text": "Ismā‘īlī Constitution Nizari Muslims around the globe are governed by one universal constitution known as `` The World Constitution '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "398c911d17a37175a37d2578e190ff62", "text": "Hilya The term hilya ( Arabic حلية ( plural : ḥilan , ḥulan ) , hilye ( plural : hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature , dealing with the physical description of Muhammad . Hilya literally means `` ornament '' . They originate with the discipline of shama'il , the study of Muhammad 's appearance and character , based on hadith accounts , most notably Tirmidhi 's al-Shama ` il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa ` il al-Mustafawiyyah ( `` The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad '' ) . In Ottoman-era folk Islam , there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad 's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next , it became customary to carry such descriptions , rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated , as amulets . In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey , hilyes developed into an art form with a standard layout , often framed and used as a wall decoration . Later hilyes were also written for the first four Caliphs , the companions of Muhammad , Muhammad 's grandchildren ( Hasan and Hussein ) and Islamic saints ( walis ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "579c2c01b9f5bd1043dab10a8d2e449d", "text": "Song Sung Blue `` Song Sung Blue '' is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond , inspired by the second movement of Mozart 's Piano Concerto # 21 . The song was released on Diamond 's album , Moods and later appeared on many of Diamond 's live and compilation albums . It was his second No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , after 1970 's `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' , and to date his last . The song spent twelve weeks in the Top 40 . In addition , `` Song Sung Blue '' spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart . It also made the pop chart in the United Kingdom , reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart . The song has become one of Diamond 's standards , and he often performs it during concerts . `` Song Sung Blue '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1973 , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Both awards that year were won by Roberta Flack 's rendition of Ewan MacColl 's song , `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' . Diamond described `` Song Sung Blue '' in the liner notes to his 1996 compilation album , In My Lifetime , as a `` very basic message , unadorned . I did n't even write a bridge to it . I never expected anyone to react to `` Song Sung Blue '' the way they did . I just like it , the message and the way a few words said so many things . '' The song inspired the title of a 2008 documentary about a Neil Diamond impersonator who was married to a Patsy Cline impersonator .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4dba2b1e818eff89b9d07ad1319d2d9c", "text": "The Folk Singer `` The Folk Singer '' is a folk song , written by Charles E. Daniels and American musician Johnny Cash and first recorded by Cash in 1968 . It is also known as `` Folk Singer '' or , less often , `` The Singer '' . Allegedly about American pop singer Tommy Roe , `` The Folk Singer '' was first recorded in 1968 and released as a b-side on a 45 RPM live reissue of Cash 's `` Folsom Prison Blues '' single in April 1968 . Later recorded by Burl Ives ( on the album , The Times They Are A-Changin ' ) the same year and Glen Campbell ( on the album , Try a Little Kindness ) in 1970 , the song reached a wider audience from these versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "271824cd828647de8b4ffb1d5db45631", "text": "Please Come Home for Christmas `` Please Come Home for Christmas '' is a Christmas song , released in 1960 , by the American blues singer and pianist Charles Brown . Hitting Billboard 's Hot 100 chart in December 1961 , the tune Brown co-wrote with Gene Redd peaked at position # 76 . It appeared on the Christmas Singles chart for nine seasons , hitting # 1 in 1972 . It includes a number of characteristics of Christmas music , such as multiple references in the lyrics to the Christmas season and Christmas traditions , and the use of a Church bell type sound , created using a piano , at the start of the song . It is sometimes referred to as `` Bells Will Be Ringing '' , which are the first four words of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1e5edd0430e46ba95252bfd457634ba", "text": "Oscar Brown Oscar Brown , Jr ( October 10 , 1926May 29 , 2005 ) was an American singer , songwriter , playwright , poet , civil rights activist , and actor . He ran unsuccessfully for office in both the Illinois state legislature and the U.S. Congress . Brown wrote numerous songs ( only 125 have been published ) , 12 albums , and more than a dozen musical plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6761f32a9c6681a7aa78fa25c01dd57a", "text": "Tangled Up in Blue `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is a song by Bob Dylan . It appeared on his album Blood on the Tracks in 1975 . Released as a single , it reached # 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Rolling Stone ranked it # 68 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . The Telegraph has described the song as `` The most dazzling lyric ever written , an abstract narrative of relationships told in an amorphous blend of first and third person , rolling past , present and future together , spilling out in tripping cadences and audacious internal rhymes , ripe with sharply turned images and observations and filled with a painfully desperate longing . '' `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is one of five songs on Blood on the Tracks that Dylan initially recorded in New York City in September 1974 and then re-recorded in Minneapolis in December that year ; the later recording became the album track and single . One of the September 1974 outtakes was released in 1991 on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 . According to novelist Ron Rosenbaum , Bob Dylan once told him that he 'd written `` Tangled up in Blue '' , after spending a weekend immersed in Joni Mitchell 's 1971 album Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ba2694fa6fb8fd688b9a51e3d1c8d", "text": "Hans Christian Andersen (film) Hans Christian Andersen is a 1952 Hollywood musical film directed by Charles Vidor , with lyrics and music by Frank Loesser . The story was by Myles Connolly , screenplay written by Moss Hart and Ben Hecht ( uncredited ) , and Samuel Goldwyn Productions were the producers . It is a fictional , romantic story revolving around the life of the famous Danish poet and story-teller Hans Christian Andersen . The film stars Danny Kaye in the title role . The film was an international success at the time . It is not a biographical movie , and in the introduction describes itself as `` not the story of his life , but a fairytale about this great spinner of fairy tales . '' A large part of the narrative is told through song and ballet and includes many of Andersen 's most famous stories such as The Ugly Duckling , Thumbelina , The Emperor 's New Clothes and The Little Mermaid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "287250039a7e3375e6be7ed1e4563adc", "text": "The Bourgeois Blues `` The Bourgeois Blues '' is a blues song by American folk and blues musician , Lead Belly . It was written in June 1937 in response to the discrimination and segregation that Lead Belly faced during a visit to Washington , DC to record for Alan Lomax . It rails against racism , the Jim Crow laws , and the conditions of contemporary African Americans in the southern United States . The song was recorded in December 1938 for the Library of Congress and re-recorded in 1939 for commercial release . It has been remixed and covered by a number of artists including Pete Seeger , Ry Cooder , Hans Theessink , and Billy Bragg . `` The Bourgeois Blues '' is regarded as one of Lead Belly 's best original works , but it also drew controversy . There is doubt over the song 's authorship , with some scholars contending that Lead Belly was unlikely to have written a work in a genre new to him without a collaborator . Questions have been raised over his role in the American Communist Party and whether he and the song were used to further the party 's political goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1f3324f5ebb9603a3c8a1332f1c6bd", "text": "You Took Advantage of Me `` You Took Advantage of Me '' is a 1928 popular song composed by Richard Rodgers , with lyrics by Lorenz Hart , for the musical Present Arms ( 1928 ) , where it was introduced by Joyce Barbour and Busby Berkeley as the characters Edna Stevens and Douglas Atwell . The characters were formerly married , but still have romantic feelings for each other . On opening night , Berkeley forgot the lyrics and had to scat and hum the entire second verse . Berkeley also claimed that his nonsense lyrics for the improvised second verse left Hart `` almost apoplectic '' , but the audience was amused and Hart later forgave him . The song was subsequently included in the 1930 film Leathernecking , an adaptation of Present Arms . Rodgers described the song as a `` sassy and unregretful number '' which audiences liked far more than traditional contemporary love songs . In his book The Poets of Tin Pan Alley , Philip Furia wrote that the song depicted a '' ... wittily self deprecating character who was perfectly suited to lyrics that were at once intricately rhymed yet casually conversational . '' One of the earliest recordings of the song was Paul Whiteman 's 1928 hit version , known especially for the performances of Bix Beiderbecke and Frankie Trumbauer . The song was a particular favorite of the Prince of Wales ( the future Edward VIII ) . In fact , he once asked singer Morton Downey to perform the song eleven times during a show at the Café de Paris in London . The song can be sung by either gender , but has traditionally been sung by women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357c0daae14288dec1191b888d42f67c", "text": "Miles Davis Volume 2 Miles Davis Volume 2 refers to two separate but related entities . The first is a Miles Davis studio album released by Blue Note Records as a 10-inch LP , as BLP 5022 in 1953 . The six tracks from this LP plus five alternate takes were released on CD in 1990 and remastered with restored artwork in 2001 . The second Miles Davis Volume 2 is a compilation of tracks from all three of his sessions with the label , released ( with different cover art ) in 1956 as BLP 1502 . The original 10-inch LP ( BLP 5022 ) contained music from Davis ' second session for Blue Note , recorded April 20 , 1953 . The recording was made at a point in Davis ' life when he was struggling with heroin addiction , and in his autobiography Davis remembers that he , Jimmy Heath , and Art Blakey were all very high in the studio . Davis also states that the song title `` C.T.A. '' was named after Heath 's girlfriend Connie Theresa Ann . The 1990 CD ( Blue Note CDP 7 81502 2 ) contained the music recorded at the April 20 , 1953 session , including all of the original 10 `` LP , along with alternate takes from the same session , but using the cover art from the 1956 compilation LP . The 2001 CD ( Blue Note 7243 5 32611 2 2 ) remastered by Rudy Van Gelder restored the artwork from BLP 5022 with the same track list . Davis ' other recordings for Blue Note ( in 1952 and 1954 ) are collected on the RVG CD edition of Miles Davis Volume 1 . The 12-inch LP ( BLP 1502 ) was originally released in 1956 ( following Miles Davis Volume 1 ( BLP 1501 ) ) after Davis won the Down Beat readers poll as best trumpeter . The two volumes of repackaged Miles Davis material were the first releases in Blue Note 's new 1500 series of 12 `` LPs . The music compiled on the two volumes was from three separate recording sessions made over 1952 -- 54 , some of which had been previously issued as singles , and as three now discontinued 10 '' LPs . Volume 2 contained material from all three sessions , and some previously unreleased alternate takes . The master takes of the March 6 , 1954 session , which made up the bulk of the 12 `` LP , had originally been issued in 10 `` LP format under the title Miles Davis , Volume 3 ( BLP 5040 ) , and the May 9 , 1952 material had been previously released the 10 '' LP Young Man with a Horn ( BLP 5013 ) . Some Japanese CD versions reproduce the original 12 `` LP running order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8279a22518bef68ef5a38039460bbd27", "text": "Fisk Jubilee Singers The Fisk Jubilee Singers are an African-American a cappella ensemble , consisting of students at Fisk University . The first group was organized in 1871 to tour and raise funds for college . Their early repertoire consisted mostly of traditional spirituals , but included some Stephen Foster songs . The original group toured along the Underground Railroad path in the United States , as well as performing in England and Europe . Later 19th-century groups also toured in Europe . In 2002 the Library of Congress honored their 1909 recording of `` Swing Low , Sweet Chariot '' by adding it in the United States National Recording Registry . In 2008 they were awarded a National Medal of Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4beb7ce388a4acb72c0436a5e1511247", "text": "Ode to a Nightingale `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn , Hampstead , London or , according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown , under a plum tree in the garden of Keats ' house at Wentworth Place , also in Hampstead . According to Brown , a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819 . Inspired by the bird 's song , Keats composed the poem in one day . It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July . The poem is one of the most frequently anthologized in the English language . `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a personal poem that describes Keats 's journey into the state of negative capability . The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats 's earlier poems and , rather , explores the themes of nature , transience and mortality , the latter being particularly personal to Keats . The nightingale described within the poem experiences a type of death but does not actually die . Instead , the songbird is capable of living through its song , which is a fate that humans can not expect . The poem ends with an acceptance that pleasure can not last and that death is an inevitable part of life . In the poem , Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead -- as a `` sod '' over which the nightingale sings . The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man sitting in his garden , is made all the more acute by an effort of the imagination . The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem , as spring came early in 1819 , bringing nightingales all over the heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73892f95be42dc4074a2231859c3eb71", "text": "1852 in South Africa __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba0d20edc1aa0186394820b537e3c9f9", "text": "Run, Nigger, Run `` Run , Nigger , Run '' ( Roud 3660 ) is an African-American folk song , first documented in 1851 , which is known from numerous versions . Growing out of the rise of slave patrols in the slave-owning southern United States , the song is about and follows an unnamed black man who attempts to run from a slave patrol and avoid capture . This folk song was released as a commercial recording several times , beginning in the 1920s , and it was included in the 2013 film 12 Years a Slave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "442a408c3f19677cec711bd3395d1d98", "text": "Little Brown Jug (song) `` Little Brown Jug '' is a song written in 1869 by Joseph Winner , originally published credited to `` Eastburn '' ( Winner 's middle name ) by J.E. Winner in Philadelphia . It was originally a drinking song . It remained well known as a folk song into the early 20th century . Like many songs which make reference to alcohol , it enjoyed new popularity during the Prohibition era . In 1939 , bandleader Glenn Miller recorded and broadcast his swing instrumental arrangement of the tune with great success , and the number became one of the best known orchestrations of the American Big Band era . The same melody was used for the song `` My Ding-a-Ling '' written by Dave Bartholomew , which became a Number 1 hit in 1972 for Chuck Berry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd204b1f6ad3be509f95d7b6a2b11cdb", "text": "Firth, Pond & Company Firth , Pond & Company was an American music company that published sheet music and distributed musical instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The company began in 1847 when William Hall broke with partners John Firth and Sylvanus Pond , thus disbanding their New York-based publishing company , Firth & Hall . Firth and Pond reformed under the name Firth , Pond & Company . Publishing of sheet music made up their core business , and the company played a key role in the popularizing of works by songwriters such as Stephen Foster and Dan Emmett . They preferred material from the minstrel shows to more serious fare , although the company did publish material such as Foster 's non-blackface ballads and songs by Louis Moreau Gottschalk . In the 1850s , demand steadily grew in the United States for guitars . Firth , Pond & Company offered the instruments under its imprint , advertising , `` Guitars of Our Own Manufacture , of Superior Tone and Finish , in Lined Case , for $ 15 to $ 50 '' . These were actually created by guitar makers such as C. F. Martin and James Ashborn . By 1855 , Firth , Pond & Company sold $ 50,000 in pianos and $ 30,000 in guitars and other instruments ; sheet music revenues were only $ 70,000 . When Firth and Pond parted ways , the company split into Firth , Son & Company and William Pond & Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1978e816c9119d5544423c1d81f7e713", "text": "Battle Cry of Freedom The `` Battle Cry of Freedom '' , also known as `` Rally ` Round the Flag '' , is a song written in 1862 by American composer George Frederick Root ( 1820 -- 1895 ) during the American Civil War . A patriotic song advocating the causes of Unionism and abolitionism , it became so popular that composer H. L. Schreiner and lyricist W. H. Barnes adapted it for the Confederacy . A modified Union version was used as the campaign song for the Lincoln-Johnson ticket in the 1864 presidential election , as well as in elections after the war , such as for Garfield in the 1880 U.S. presidential election . The song was so popular that the music publisher had 14 printing presses going at one time and still could not keep up with demand . It is estimated that over 700,000 copies of this song were put in circulation . Louis Moreau Gottschalk thought so highly of the song that in his diary he confided that he thought `` it should be our national anthem '' and used it as the basis for his 1863 concert paraphrase for solo piano `` Le Cri de délivrance , '' opus 55 , and dedicated it to Root , who was a personal friend . Charles Ives quoted the song in his own patriotic song , `` They Are There '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f6ef2ba0772ad8f88489ecaddf9be91", "text": "Dinah Sings Bessie Smith Dinah Sings Bessie Smith is a 1958 album by blues , R&B and jazz singer Dinah Washington released on the Emarcy label , and reissued by Verve Records in 1999 as The Bessie Smith Songbook . The album arrangements are headed by Robare Edmondson and Ernie Wilkins , and the songs are associated with American blues singer Bessie Smith . Allmusic details the album in its review as saying : `` It was only natural that the `` Queen of the Blues '' should record songs associated with the `` Empress of the Blues . '' The performances by the septet/octet do not sound like the 1920s and the purposely ricky-tick drumming is insulting , but Dinah Washington sounds quite at home on this music '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "065ee682d6b2d75e391fbc55d002ccee", "text": "Jingle Bells `` Jingle Bells '' is one of the best-known and commonly sung American songs in the world . It was written by James Lord Pierpont ( 1822 -- 1893 ) and published under the title `` One Horse Open Sleigh '' in the autumn of 1857 . It has been claimed that it was originally written to be sung by a Sunday school choir ; however , historians dispute this , stating that it was much too `` racy '' ( and secular ) to be sung by a children 's church choir in the days it was written . Although not originally intended on having any connection to Christmas , it became associated with Christmas music and the holiday season in general decades after it was first performed on Washington Street in Boston in 1857 . Some area choirs adopted it as part of their repertoire in the 1860s and 1870s , and it was featured in a variety of parlor-song and college anthologies in the 1880s . It was first recorded by the Edison Male Quartette in 1898 on an Edison cylinder , and became a Christmas favorite in the early twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "222330404c3a68b701432caf7d1da063", "text": "Ten Little Injuns `` Ten Little Injuns '' is a popular song written by Septimus Winner in 1868 for the minstrel trade . It was based on an 1850s minstrel skit about one John Brown whose American Indian boy grows from `` one little Injun '' into `` ten little Injuns , '' and then back to one , that is :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ac1f0b645852ad5134f1d18ee00fc8", "text": "Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd83419aa6486456e0d2b3a879d0d745", "text": "Am I Blue Am I Blue may refer to : Am I Blue ( George Strait song ) , a 1987 song by George Strait Am I Blue ? , a song written by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke in 1929 , and later recorded by Ricky Nelson , Linda Ronstadt , Bette Midler , Eddie Cochran and Cher Am I Blue ( album ) , a 1963 album by jazz guitarist Grant Green Am I Blue ( play ) , a play by Beth Henley", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b25ab07475379188019dd27d18f64a1b", "text": "Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81599f4876525bf845b2ae8b3b4fddcb", "text": "Dudley Moore Dudley Stuart John Moore , CBE ( -LSB- mɔər -RSB- 19 April 193527 March 2002 ) was an English actor , comedian , musician and composer . Moore first came to prominence in the UK as one of the four writer-performers in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe from 1960 , and with one member of that team , Peter Cook , collaborated on the television series Not Only ... But Also . The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s , by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting . His solo career as a comedy film actor was heightened by the success of hit Hollywood films , particularly Foul Play ( 1978 ) , 10 ( 1979 ) and Arthur ( 1981 ) . For the latter film , Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award . He received a second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki & Maude ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9", "text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c87a1ee44f9af14e0f61a014830a625", "text": "Tony Dawe Tony Dawe ( born 1940 ) is a British sound engineer . He has been nominated for four Academy Awards in the category Best Sound . Since 1958 , he has worked on 70 feature films , 18 films made for television , and 340 hours of television drama . Before joining the film industry in 1967 , he worked as an engineer at the famous EMI Abbey Road recording studios in 1958/60 . Between 1960 and 1967 he worked for ABC Television at their Teddington studios , where he was in charge of the sound dubbing suite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "738be1ae11fb57dacecd6f8e1e8fbca5", "text": "Tony Lee Tony Lee is a British comics writer , screenwriter , audio playwright , and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c2a087d895ecc73ddbacf9afdfcd43", "text": "Tony Lee (actor) Tony Lee is an actor . He attended Le Conte High School in Los Angeles , went to college at the University of California at Berkeley , and graduated with a degree in law from the University of California at Los Angeles . He has been admitted to the State Bar of California . He currently works for Cunningham Lindsey as a Customer Service Officer . Nonetheless , he has been playing mostly non-recurring roles in various television series since 2000 such as his role in The West Wing episode entitled `` Han '' , except for Lost , where he played Jae Lee for three episodes . He is also well known for playing his role as Tony Lee in the Nickelodeon television sitcom Just Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51443c65879c749722e1de7f0287dfdc", "text": "Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway . In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays . Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) . Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3d1f95100025827d60a61ab29f8d44", "text": "Tony Wike Tony Wike is a voice actor and broadcaster based in Omaha . He is program director for Radio Talking Book Service in Omaha . Previously , he was morning anchor and reporter for radio stations KFAB-AM and KGOR-FM , where he won the Nebraska Broadcasters award for Best Newscast in 2010 . He also anchored morning news for stations in Augusta GA , Columbus GA and Greenville SC , along with anchoring sports for the Georgia News Network . Before that , he was morning anchor and reporter for radio station WDUN-AM in Gainesville , GA , where he won the 2008 Georgia AP award for Best Newscast in Class B . He also is a freelance voiceover announcer for clients such as Ringling Bros. . Barnum & Bailey Circus , The Pee Wee Herman Show , Godfather 's Pizza , Country Music Television and Lozier Inc. . In 2003 , he was elected to the Nebraska Radio Personalities Hall of Fame . He has voiced characters in several animated series , including Street Sharks , Archie 's Weird Mysteries and Liberty 's Kids . He has also appeared in two movies , Citizen Ruth and A Thousand Heroes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94", "text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561d0c5a2922b78f821f5b1b56146b5", "text": "Is It Bill Bailey? Is It Bill Bailey ? was a stand up / sketch comedy series written by and starring Bill Bailey . One series of six episodes was produced and aired on BBC Two in 1998 , and it has never been recommissioned or released on DVD . It was to have been repeated for the first time since original transmission on Dave from 23 September 2008 , but was dropped from the schedules a few days before broadcast . Each episode featured Bailey performing stand-up comedy on stage , interspersed with sketches starring himself and other actors . As well as performing parodies of pop songs or performers , Bailey would deconstruct music from television shows such as Doctor Who or Starsky and Hutch . The programme was produced by BBC Scotland and many of the sketches feature Scottish actors such as Forbes Masson and Ford Kiernan . Geraldine McNulty , Norman Lovett and Simon Pegg also feature . Additional material was also contributed by frequent collaborators Sean Lock and Martin Trenaman . The shows were directed by Edgar Wright , who went on to direct the sitcom Spaced and the films Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz , all of which starred Simon Pegg . Bailey had a cameo in Hot Fuzz , as well as a small role in Spaced . Bailey was also approached to appear in Shaun of the Dead as a zombie , but was busy with other engagements at the time . Many songs and routines featured in the show were first performed in his Cosmic Jam tour and TV show Asylum and several were later used during his Bewilderness tour . The title is derived from the Rizla game ( `` Guess Who 's You '' ) , the opening credits of the show showing Bill with a Rizla on his forehead , bearing his own name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e1d5d8b414a261674656d24c3dfae6", "text": "Angelo Fierro Angelo Fierro is an American film and television actor . Fierro , an Italian-American of Sicilian ancestry , was born in Boston 's Little Italy , the North End . He first appeared on network television in an automobile commercial for Toyota . Extolled for his menacing looks , his portrayal of the villain has since been quite frequent . Surprisingly adept at comedy , he also has appeared at Stand Up New York comedy club . He starred on the TV series Breaking Vegas as the real-life counterfeiter , Louis Colavecchio , and had a recurring role as the Russian mobster , Vladimir , on the TV series Ocean Ave. , starring Victoria Jackson and Megan Fox . He also appeared in the movies Señorita Justice as Carlos Rios , with Eva Longoria and Final Engagement as gangster John Knight , with Peter Greene . He has made guest appearances on TV shows such as the Michael Jackson Trial and Untold Stories of the ER , and is well known for his Tony Soprano parody in an Andalusia Olive Oil commercial , with the tag line : `` Are you wearing a wire ? '' Fierro studied acting at Florida Atlantic University , where he graduated with degrees in marketing and international business , having started theater too late to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts . He continues to follow an acting career in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f756ecaaabb23cc20ca3b9f7f1a13d9c", "text": "Billy Murray (actor) William `` Billy '' Albert Murray ( born 6 October 1941 ) is an English actor , best known for playing Don Beech in The Bill from 1995 to 2004 , Johnny Allen in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2005 to 2006 , Captain John Price in the video games Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 , and Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b363eb889f47418d3c576972a23480e8", "text": "Tom Patchett Tom Patchett is an American film director , screenwriter , actor and producer who is best known as the co-creator of ALF . He co-wrote the films Up the Academy , The Great Muppet Caper , The Muppets Take Manhattan and Project ALF . He also wrote episodes of The Bob Newhart Show , We 've Got Each Other , The Tony Randall Show , The Carol Burnett Show and Buffalo Bill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c36283f72d79704adbc8ad864fbdd52b", "text": "William O'Connell (actor) William O'Connell ( born William L. O'Connell Jr. on August 20 , 1933 ) is an American film and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f3dd579236615f15cb5715efba2aed", "text": "Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa4fef8d33048dba12a88f5a9ee917d", "text": "Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States . However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6270b69bac559ce7f9bc84ac35c1bc1c", "text": "Tonya Cornelisse Tonya Cornelisse is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b65a5279b0c4c64ce53a5d0bcd9b6b8d", "text": "Tony Van Bridge Valentine Anthony Neil `` Tony Van '' Bridge CM ( 28 May 1917 -- 20 December 2004 ) was a British television and theatre actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fbd8e494617738457c833e91d137888", "text": "Syd Courtenay Syd Courtenay was a South African-born British actor and screenwriter . He was a frequent collaborator with the comedian Leslie Fuller . Courtenay first met Fuller in 1919 in Margate and they soon struck up a partnership with routines featuring their comedic character Bill . With the arrival of sound films they were signed to British International Pictures and made their first film Not So Quiet on the Western Front in 1930 . They made a large number of films during the 1930s , generally featuring the character of Bill , with Courtenay writing and acting in many of them . He was married to Lola Harvey , who co-wrote a number of films with him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ee85198243dbb17f0faf9222eccc48", "text": "Howard Rollins Howard Ellsworth Rollins , Jr. ( October 17 , 1950 -- December 8 , 1996 ) was an American stage , film and television actor . Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978 's King , George Haley in the 1979 movie Roots , Coalhouse Walker , Jr. in the 1981 film Ragtime , Captain Davenport in the 1984 film A Soldier 's Story , and as Virgil Tibbs on the crime drama for NBC/CBS , In the Heat of the Night .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9242db467ad019e9536ffad4fa27098", "text": "Mark Wingett Mark Christopher Wingett ( born 1 January 1961 ) is an English actor . He is best known for playing the role of Jim Carver in the ITV police procedural The Bill .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fb0a8e3c8b35e13663ab1112c087506e", "text": "Steve Irwin Stephen Robert Irwin ( 22 February 1962 -- 4 September 2006 ) , nicknamed `` The Crocodile Hunter '' , was an Australian nature expert and television personality . Irwin achieved worldwide fame from the television series The Crocodile Hunter , an internationally broadcast wildlife documentary series which he co-hosted with his wife Terri . Together , the couple also owned and operated Australia Zoo , founded by Irwin 's parents in Beerwah , about 80 km north of the Queensland state capital city of Brisbane . Irwin died on 4 September 2006 after being pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while filming an underwater documentary film titled Ocean 's Deadliest . The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ship was named in his honour .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0db8fd59061262838fa55e24cc470d97", "text": "Social Democratic Party (Bolivia) The Social Democratic Party ( Spanish : Partido Social Demócrata , PSD ) was a conservative , small and elitist , but influential Bolivian political party formed by middle-class intellectuals . The Social Democratic Party was founded in 1944 by younger , conservative Bolivians committed to modernization and the technological and technocratic strategies they believed necessary to achieve it . Led by Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas ( Hernán Siles Zuazo 's half-brother ) , Roberto Arce , Manfredo Kempf Mercado , Gastón Arduz Eguia , Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez , Tomás Guillermo Elio , and Mario Estenssoro , the party embraced developmentalist , nominally Christian-Democratic principles . For the 1947 general elections the Party allied with the Liberal Party and Revolutionary Left Party and backed Liberal Luis Femando Guachalla as the coalition 's presidential candidate . For the 1951 general elections the PSD allied with the Republican Socialist Unity Party and backed PURS ' presidential candidate Gabriel Gosalvez . During the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement regime ( 1952 -- 1964 ) , the Social Democratic Party was a minor force , allied electorally with the Bolivian Socialist Falange . It was generally regarded as an ideological relic of the prerevolutionary period , surviving only because its leaders were relatively young . After Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's overthrow in 1964 , the Social Democratic Party obtained a new lease on life and cooperated with the military regime of General René Barrientos Ortuño . Their influence no doubt was stimulated by the growing prominence of `` technocrats '' in the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina . For the 1966 general elections PSD allied with the Revolutionary Left Party , Authentic Revolutionary Party and Popular Christian Movement and backed Barrientos as the coalition 's presidential candidate . The PSD 's leader , Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas was chosen as vice-presidential candidate . The PSD withdrew support Barrientos in 1968 , but returned to a pro-government stance , when René Barrientos Ortuño died in a helicopter crash on 27 April 1969 and Siles Salinas became president , serving with conspicuous dedication and honesty for five months until overthrown by General Alfredo Ovando Candía . In succeeding years , the Social Democratic Party became inactive after that , although Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas continued to pursue his presidential ambitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f6af8e9973fef2395d85f3f43f8bb", "text": "Jichu Quta Jichu Quta ( Aymara jichu ichhu ( Peruvian feather grass ) , quta lake , `` ichhu lake '' , also spelled Jicho Kkota ) is a mountain north of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4560 m . It is located in the La Paz Department , Larecaja Province , Sorata Municipality , at the border with the Quiabaya Municipality . Jichu Quta lies south of Saywani at a lake named Quriwari . The Wayllani Jawira originates near the mountain . It flows to the west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "926b6cba70a0ce7b6a404ee0562efcb9", "text": "List of birds of Bolivia This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bolivia . The avifauna of Bolivia has 1381 species ( 1382 according to Clements ; see puffbirds ) . Fifteen are endemic , two have been introduced by humans , and 19 are rare or accidental . An additional 38 species are hypothetical ( see below ) . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted . The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bolivia ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Bolivia ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bolivia as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3be41186d944e5163c43ac468c3ae5f", "text": "Steve Gay Steve Gay ( born September 1 , 1947 in La Paz , Bolivia ) is a former U.S. collegiate soccer forward who was on the U.S. soccer team at the 1972 Summer Olympics . He went on to coach the UCLA men 's soccer team from 1975 to 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c368bd11d9de1917aa111021d06a9b4", "text": "2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic The 2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic was an epidemic of dengue fever which struck Bolivia in early 2009 , escalating into a national emergency by February . The BBC described it as the worst outbreak of dengue fever in the country 's history . At least 18 people died and 31,000 were infected by the mosquito-transmitted arbovirus . On 20 February , the Pan American Health Organization reported that eighty ( 80 ) cases of the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever had occurred in Bolivia since January , of which 22 % were fatal . Bolivia requested outside assistance and foreign aid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74025337eb057cd24eab9ad3d9f2680", "text": "Miners' survival during 2010 Copiapó mining accident The 2010 Copiapó mining accident began as a cave-in on 5 August 2010 at the San José copper-gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó , Chile . The accident left 33 men trapped 700 m below ground who survived underground for a record 69 days . All 33 men were rescued and brought to the surface on 13 October 2010 over a period of almost 24 hours . After the last trapped miner was winched to the surface , the rescue workers still underground held up a sign before the camera stating `` Misión cumplida Chile '' ( English : `` Mission accomplished Chile '' ) to the estimated more than 1 billion people watching the rescue on live television around the world . The San José Mine is about 45 km north of Copiapó , in northern Chile . The miners were trapped approximately 5 km from the mine entrance . The mine had a history of instability that had led to previous accidents , including one death . The retrieval of the first miner , Florencio Ávalos , began on Tuesday , 12 October at 23:55 CLDT , with the rescue capsule reaching the surface 16 minutes later . Less than 24 hours later , at 21:55 CLDT on 13 October , all 33 miners had been rescued , almost all in good medical condition , and expected to recover fully . Two miners were suffering from silicosis , one of whom also had pneumonia , and others were suffering from dental infections and corneal problems . Three of the rescued miners had immediate surgery under general anesthesia for dental problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95eae776c98f012dc6b2f2284c2d8c52", "text": "Irwin Sobel Irwin Sobel ( born September 12 , 1940 ) is a scientist and researcher in digital image processing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8674deb9a68a01c064ac2df7c18b526", "text": "Janq'u Uyu Janq ' u Uyu ( Aymara janq ' u white , uyu yard for livestock , `` white yard '' , hispanicized spelling Jankho Huyo , Janko Huyo ) is a mountain in the Andes , about 5,512 m ( 18,084 ft ) high , located in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia in the La Paz Department , Los Andes Province , Batallas Municipality , Chachakumani Canton on the border with Larecaja Province , Guanay Municipality , Challana Canton . It is situated at the very end of the Janq ' u Quta valley between Jisk ' a Pata in the north-west and Wila Lluxita in the east , north of Wila Lluxi and Phaq ' u Kiwuta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86185a9a3b952333ebc6aad5dcf8eb8b", "text": "Cotacachi Canton Cotacachi is a canton of Imbabura province of Ecuador in South America . The name also refers to the city which is the seat of that canton , one of Ecuador 's leading artisanal manufacturers of leather goods , and to the dormant Volcan Cotacachi which overlooks the canton . The city of Cotacachi holds a UNESCO medal for being free of illiteracy . In 2000 the canton of Cotacachi was declared the first ecological county of South America . The name Cotacachi has many meanings . In `` Cara '' it means `` lake with women breast '' which refers to the general shape of the island in Laguna Cuicocha ; in Quichua it means powder salt . The ecosystems of the area and the native flora and fauna makes this canton one of the ecologically richest zones in South America . The area attracts tourists for bird-watching , camping , and fly fishing . The weather in the area ranges from 9 to 25 degrees Celsius and is cooler in the evenings . In the last decade Cotacachi has implemented a new system of local development by creating a city council . All the sectors of the society , from children to the ancient , rural and urban representatives participate in the council . Cotacachi is an example of development and progress . Ascendant Corporation plans to raze to the ground the villages of Junín , Cerro Pelado , and El Triunfo in order to make ground for copper mining . Since the complete moratorium passed on all mining in Ecuador ( as of May 2008 ) , however , this has been delayed if not completely halted . Pachakutik , a party of the indigenous population gained four of five seats in the area at the 2004 local elections . For the 2009-2014 period , Alberto Anrango ( supporter of the Alianza PAIS party ) was the mayor of Cotacachi . In 2014 , Jomar Cevallos , founder of the new party , Ally Kawsay ( `` Vivir Bien '' in Spanish , or `` Good Living '' in English ) , won the election for the 2015-2019 period . Cotacachi is known for quality leather goods ; it has a number of shops on `` Leather Street '' that sell coats , jackets , shoes , and specialty items .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0e87421fbe3c0d35a3db6b9e7f7329f", "text": "Crocodile Hunter Crocodile Hunter may refer to : Steve Irwin ( 1962 -- 2006 ) , star of The Crocodile Hunter Malcolm Douglas ( documentary maker ) ( 1941 -- 2010 ) , Australian wildlife documentary film maker and crocodile hunter The Crocodile Hunter , TV nature program The Crocodile Hunter : Collision Course , a 2002 feature film The Crocodile Hunter Diaries , a wildlife documentary television series first aired on cable TV channel Animal Planet Croc Files , also known as The Crocodile Hunter 's Croc Files My Daddy , the Crocodile Hunter , a one-hour television documentary film hosted by Bindi Irwin Crocodile Hunter ( film ) , a 1989 Hong Kong film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9b10cc2934ad24046d9f448d90aba66", "text": "Chuwa Chuwani Chuwa Chuwani ( Aymara chuwa chuwa little herb which grows in swamps , - ni a suffix to indicate ownership , `` the one with the chuwa chuwa plant '' , Hispanicized spelling Chua Chuani ) is a 4918 m mountain in the Andes of Bolivia . It is situated in the La Paz Department , Pacajes Province , in the south of the Calacoto Municipality . Chuwa Chuwani lies between the mountain Anallaxchi in the north-east and Jach ' a Kunturiri in the south-west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e28454073654d8b46f6ce641dba0f780", "text": "Movement for Sovereignty The Movement for Sovereignty ( Spanish : Movimiento por la Soberanía , MPS ) is a leftist , indigenist Bolivian political party founded by dissidents of the Movement for Socialism ( MAS-IPSP ) . Its leader , and fourth-place candidate for Governor of La Paz department in the 2010 regional election is Lino Villca . Other MAS-IPSP activists involved in founding the MPS include Óscar Chirinos , Miguel Machaca , and Rufo Calle . The party 's colors are blue , white , and yellow . In the April 2010 elections , the MPS won the mayor 's office in 6 municipalities : Achacachi , Mecapaca , Escoma , Sorata , Combaya , and Pucarani . In the 2015 regional election , prominent peasant leader ( and former head of the CSUTCB ) Felipe Quispe ran for governor of La Paz Department with the MPS . Indigenous intellectual and MAS-IPSP dissident Felix Patzi defected from his alliance the MPS to run with SOL.bo and win the race for governor . Overall , the party won fifteen mayor 's races , but failed to win re-election in any of the municipalities it won in 2010 . It elected mayors to govern Ancoraimes , Comanche , Charaña , Callapa , Mocomoco , Guanay , Guaqui , Desaguadero , Chulumani , Batallas , Colquencha , Ixiamas , Tito Yupanqui , Santiago de Machaca , and Alto Beni . With fifteen mayors , it ranked third among Bolivian political parties in the number municipalities it controls , far behind the MAS-IPSP . In December 2015 , three MPS mayors -- Beatriz Arce of Guaqui , Wilfredo Acarapi of Desaguadero , and Martín Villalobos of Charaña -- announced their support for President Evo Morales and received national government funds for projects in their towns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0e2ec538656bc926b2cb787c4043aef", "text": "Warachani (Bolivia) Warachani ( Aymara waracha wooden camp bed,-ni a suffix , `` the one with the wooden campbed '' , also spelled Huarachani ) is a mountain in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4540 m . It is located in the La Paz Department , Larecaja Province , Sorata Municipality . It lies southwest of Chunta Qullu . The Ch ` alla Suyu River ( `` sand region '' , Challa Suyu ) originates at the mountain . It flows to the southwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf96e552332aaa7de987bb821b877c46", "text": "Illimani Illimani ( Aymara ) is the highest mountain in the Cordillera Real ( part of the Cordillera Oriental , a subrange of the Andes ) of western Bolivia . It lies near the cities of El Alto and La Paz at the eastern edge of the Altiplano . It is the second highest peak in Bolivia , after Nevado Sajama , and the eighteenth highest peak in South America . The snow line lies at about 4570 m above sea level , and glaciers are found on the northern face at 4983 m . The mountain has four main peaks ; the highest is the south summit , Nevado Illimani , which is a popular ascent for mountain climbers . Geologically , Illimani is composed primarily of granodiorite , intruded during the Cenozoic era into the sedimentary rock , which forms the bulk of the Cordillera Real . Illimani is quite visible from the cities of El Alto and La Paz , and is their major landmark . The mountain has been the subject of many local songs , most importantly `` Illimani '' , with the following refrain : '' ¡ Illimani , Illimani , centinela tú eres de La Paz ! ¡ Illimani , Illimani , patrimonio eres de Bolivia ! '' ( `` Illimani , Illimani , you are the sentinel of La Paz ! Illimani , Illimani , you are Bolivia 's heritage ! '' )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff3c8bc5fc44a726c534aef04e7df4e3", "text": "South of the Border (2009 film) South of the Border is a 2009 American documentary film directed by Oliver Stone . The documentary premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival . Writer for the project Tariq Ali calls the documentary `` a political road movie '' . Stone stated that he hopes the film will help people better understand a leader who is wrongly ridiculed `` as a strongman , as a buffoon , as a clown . '' The film has Stone and his crew travel from the Caribbean down the spine of the Andes in an attempt to explain the `` phenomenon '' of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez , and account for the continent 's `` pink tide '' leftward tilt . A key feature is also Venezuela 's recent Bolivarian revolution and Latin America 's political progress in the 21st century . In addition to Chávez , Stone sought to flesh out several other Latin American presidents whose policies and personalities generally get limited , or according to Stone , biased media attention in the United States and Europe , notably : Evo Morales of Bolivia ; Cristina Kirchner and former president Néstor Kirchner of Argentina ; Rafael Correa of Ecuador ; Raúl Castro of Cuba ; Fernando Lugo of Paraguay ; and Lula da Silva of Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69615c7bbceedae0fb4f62595a76fb86", "text": "Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–07 The Bolivian Constituent Assembly , convened on August 6 , 2006 in Sucre , with the purpose of drafting a new national constitution by December 14 , 2007 ; extended from the original deadline of August 6 , 2007 . The Assembly approved the new Political Constitution of the State on 9 December 2007 . It was put to a national referendum held on 25 January 2009 , and went into force on 7 February 2009 . Disputes over the content of this text and procedures of its approval aggravated political conflict in Bolivia , including violent conflicts in Sucre and Cochabamba . Opposition and conservative sectors including the `` media luna '' denounced the text claiming the procedure of its passage was illegal , passed with a third of constituent delegates absent ( from minority conservative parties ) . Despite inclusive wording of the text , opponents have claimed the new document only represents indigenous peoples , discriminating against mixed ( mestizo ) , white ( European ) populations . Prior Constituent Assemblies , or other bodies empowered with rewriting Bolivia 's Constitution have taken place on at least 17 occasions since 1826 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799e39c3ef6b61e72b4e6997e2fa686f", "text": "Bolivia–Chile relations Interstate relations between the Republic of Chile and the Plurinational State of Bolivia have been strained ever since independence in the early 19th century because of the Atacama border dispute . Relations soured even more after Bolivia lost its coast to Chile during the War of the Pacific and became a landlocked country ( Bolivia still claims a corridor to the Pacific Ocean ) . Chile and Bolivia have maintained only consular relations since 1978 , when territorial negotiations failed and Bolivia decided to sever diplomatic relations with Chile . However , in spite of straining relationship , Chile and Bolivia still have economic treaties , supporting tourism and cooperations , therefore , trading between two nations is not affected from the territorial dispute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cef29a367e9fe5e5a7cc8be0328e4ad8", "text": "Rubber soldiers Rubber soldiers ( Portuguese : Soldados da borracha ) were people in Brazil which were compulsorily drafted to harvest rubber in the Amazon rainforest during World War II . The `` rubber soldiers '' program was a consequence of the Brazil-United States Political-Military Agreement during the war , after the United States were cut off by Japan from its major supply of rubber in Malaysia . About 55,000 persons were mostly transferred from drought-stricken northeast areas and contributed to the second rubber boom in Brazil . They were enlisted into the Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia ( SEMTA ; `` Special Service of Mobilization of Workers for the Amazon '' ) , with support of several other governmental organizations . Each migrant signed a contract with SEMTA which offered a small salary for the worker during their transport to the Amazon region . Upon arrival , they received a payment of 60 % of the total profit which had been obtained with the rubber . The basic kit they received included basic clothing , eating equipment , a net , and a carton of Colomy cigarettes . After being recruited , the volunteers were placed in specially-built housing , under strict military watch , and then sent into the Amazon , on trips which could last two to three months . For many workers , it was a one-way journey . About 30,000 rubber workers died abandoned in the Amazon , after having exhausted their energies extracting the `` white gold . '' They died of malaria , yellow fever , and hepatitis , and were attacked by animals such as panthers , serpents , and scorpions . The Brazilian government also did not fulfill its promise to return the `` rubber soldiers '' to their homes at the end of the war as heroes and with housing comparable to that of the military .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1f3f4550b304a580b3d646ff211cb00", "text": "San Matéo River San Matéo is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department , Tiraque Province and in the Chapare Province , Villa Tunari Municipality . It belongs to the Amazon River watershed . San Matéo River flows to Villa Tunari in a northeasterly direction . Shortly before reaching the town it receives waters from its most important tributary , the Ivirizu River , which comes from the south . In the east of Villa Tunari San Matéo River meets Espíritu Santo River coming from the west . From the point of the confluence the river is known as Chapare River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b4ccdc7bff42ba0ab18d1506223287a", "text": "San Javier Municipality, Beni San Javier Municipality is a municipality of the Beni Department , Bolivia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6297a19267caa62e96db607828feec08", "text": "Unforgettable (2017 film) Unforgettable is a 2017 American erotic thriller film directed by Denise Di Novi ( in her directorial debut ) and written by Christina Hodson and David Leslie Johnson . The film stars Katherine Heigl , Rosario Dawson , Geoff Stults , Isabella Rice and Cheryl Ladd , and follows a divorcée who begins to torment the new fiancé of her ex-husband . Principal photography began on August 17 , 2015 in Los Angeles . The film was released on April 21 , 2017 by Warner Bros. and has grossed $ 15 million against its $ 12 million budget .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b0935e69d9a808bdc016a281cba75737", "text": "David Thomson (film critic) David Thomson ( born 1941 ) is a British film critic and historian based in the United States and the author of more than 20 books . His reference works in particular -- Have You Seen ... ? : A Personal Introduction to 1,000 Films ( 2008 ) and The New Biographical Dictionary of Film ( 6th edition , 2014 ) -- have been praised as works of high literary merit and eccentricity . Benjamin Schwarz , writing in the Atlantic Monthly , called him `` probably the greatest living film critic and historian '' who `` writes the most fun and enthralling prose about the movies since Pauline Kael '' . John Banville called him `` the greatest living writer on the movies '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f6f3c6c72fd73ba61bc69e5bea88be", "text": "Christina Perri Christina Judith Perri ( born August 19 , 1986 ) is an American singer and songwriter from Bucks County , Pennsylvania . After her debut single `` Jar of Hearts '' was featured on the Fox television series So You Think You Can Dance in 2010 , Perri released her debut extended play , The Ocean Way Sessions . Soon after , she signed with Atlantic Records and released her debut studio album , Lovestrong ( 2011 ) . Perri also gained recognition for writing and recording `` A Thousand Years '' , the love theme for the film The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 ( 2012 ) , which appears on the accompanying soundtrack . The song went on to sell over 4 million copies in the United States , being certified 4 × platinum . She later released her second extended play , A Very Merry Perri Christmas ( 2012 ) , followed by her second studio album , Head or Heart ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dcb148e511f9ac8eda5769a72300cc1", "text": "Brian Johnson (American musician) Brian Mark Johnson ( born March 17 , 1978 ) is an American contemporary worship music singer , songwriter and worship pastor . He is the president and co-founder of Bethel Music , as well as a member of its Artist Collective and is one-half of the husband-and-wife worship duo , Brian & Jenn Johnson . He is also a senior worship pastor at Bethel Church in Redding , California , and a Senior Overseer of WorshipU on campus , an online school of worship under Bethel Music which he co-founded with Jenn Johnson . Regarding his music career as a soloist , Brian Johnson has released one album , Love Came Down - Live Acoustic Worship in the Studio in 2010 which was produced by Jeremy Edwardson . As a part of the Brian & Jenn Johnson duo , three live albums were released : Undone ( 2001 ) , We Believe ( 2006 ) , the duo 's first release to chart on Billboards Christian Albums chart , Where You Go I Go ( 2008 ) and one studio album , After All These Years ( 2017 ) , the duo 's first album to chart on the US Billboard 200 and has performed well internationally . As a founding member of the Bethel Music Artist Collective , Brian Johnson has been a featured vocalist on most of the albums that were released including Be Lifted High ( 2011 ) , The Loft Sessions ( 2012 ) , Tides ( 2013 ) , We Will Not Be Shaken ( 2015 ) and Have It All ( 2016 ) . Brian Johnson , as a songwriter , has co-written CCLI Top 100 Chart ranking songs such as `` Love Came Down '' , `` Have It All '' , `` No Longer Slaves '' , `` Forever '' and `` One Thing Remains '' . In his capacity as a record producer , Brian Johnson has worked alongside various producers such as Jeremy Edwardson , Ian McIntosh and others in the production of albums such as Brian & Jenn Johnson 's We Believe ( 2006 ) , Bethel Music 's The Loft Sessions ( 2012 ) and For the Sake of the World ( 2012 ) as well as Jesus Culture 's first compilation album , This Is Jesus Culture ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f353080a01c1e6eebdfee69e8ae211d", "text": "Christina Gabbitas Christina Gabbitas ( born 7 December 1967 ) is an English children 's author , poet , storyteller and voiceover artist . She is best known for her rhyming books . Gabbitas grew up in Blackburn , Lancashire before moving to Yorkshire as a young adult . Growing up she loved to read poetry and rhymes . She started writing after having her own children and particularly focussed on stories which would help them overcome their fears and fears that she had , had as a child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4655138e7ed736736d4e55be1bba3", "text": "David Ricketts David Jeffrey Ricketts is an American musician and record producer . Ricketts scored hits in the mid-1980s with David Baerwald in their group David + David , notably the track `` Welcome to the Boomtown '' from their only album Boomtown . His romantic relationship with singer Toni Childs formed the basis for her critically acclaimed debut album , Union , which Ricketts co-wrote and produced . Union was nominated for several Grammy Awards . He collaborated with Sheryl Crow on her debut Tuesday Night Music Club and is credited on the songs `` Leaving Las Vegas '' and `` Strong Enough . '' Legendary guitarist and songwriter Robbie Robertson tapped David to collaborate on Storyville , Robertson 's second solo album . He also produced and performed on Meredith Brooks ' 1997 album , Blurring The Edges , which contained her hit `` Bitch '' . Ricketts won an Emmy for the song co-written with Eddie Free and Toni Childs `` Because You 're Beautiful ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c1e0b983e365cfb1b6bf74237a0dec7", "text": "List of Unforgettable episodes Unforgettable is an American crime drama series created by Ed Redlich and John Bellucci for CBS , who serves as an executive producer alongside Carl Beverly and Sarah Timberman . It is based on the J. Robert Lennon 's short story `` The Rememberer '' . The series stars Poppy Montgomery as Carrie Wells , a former Syracuse , New York police detective , who has hyperthymesia , a rare medical condition that gives her the ability to remember everything . The fourth season of Unforgettable premiered on November 27 , 2015 on A&E . As of , 61 episodes of Unforgettable have aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31b4dd66ad57072632c87157625ee62", "text": "Christina Herrström Christina Yngvesdotter Herrström Schildt ( born Herrström 23 August 1959 in Lidingö , Sweden ) is a Swedish author and screenwriter . She has been married to Peter Schildt . She has written among the children 's books Ebba & Didrik , Glappet and Tusen gånger starkare and she has also written the films/TV series based on these books ( Glappet was first a TV series but she wrote a book based on it ) . She has also written other films and TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a594d4cb043b15dc386a993cae88c4", "text": "Unpretty `` Unpretty '' is a song by American recording group TLC . It was produced by Dallas Austin and co-written by Austin and TLC member Tionne `` T-Boz '' Watkins for the band 's third studio album , FanMail ( 1999 ) . Long time contributor Dallas Austin helped Watkins adapt the poem into an empowering song for their female fan base to overcome feelings of physical inadequacy . `` Unpretty '' was the second single released from FanMail . It became the group 's fourth US number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , spending three weeks atop the chart , and the second consecutive number one single from the album , following `` No Scrubs '' . A critical success , the song was nominated for Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards . A remixed version of the song , sampling Dennis Edwards & Siedah Garrett 's `` Do n't Look Any Further '' , was produced by JayDee of 1208Ent . and `` Mad '' Mike Lewin . Two versions of the remix were made , one containing a rap verse by Lisa `` Left Eye '' Lopes and one without the rap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628047b742ff829101b0e30c15010d12", "text": "David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c794759d94b0ecc708b25b2955a211dc", "text": "List of songs written by Bonnie McKee American singer and songwriter Bonnie McKee has co-written eight number-one singles , which have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide combined . Her debut album Trouble was released in September 2004 . She singlehandedly wrote all but one song on the album , some when she was 14 and 15 years old . A standalone single , `` American Girl , '' was released in 2013 . An album was due for release in spring of 2014 but , by the end of the year , had not yet materialized , Instead , an EP , Bombastic was released in June 2015 . McKee also has over 50 songwriting credits for songs that have been recorded by other artists . Eight of these have topped either the British or the American charts . McKee has collaborated with pop singer Katy Perry , and the pair have written five of Perry 's number-one singles together : `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Last Friday Night ( T.G.I.F. ) '' , `` Part of Me '' and `` Roar '' . McKee has also written four other songs recorded by Perry . She co-wrote five songs on Britney Spears ' seventh studio album Femme Fatale , including `` Hold It Against Me '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 . McKee has co-written two singles that reached the number-one position on the UK Singles Chart : `` Dynamite '' by Taio Cruz and `` How We Do ( Party ) '' by Rita Ora . `` Dynamite '' became the second-best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era . In 2012 , McKee co-wrote three songs on Adam Lambert 's album Trespassing and two songs for Ke $ ha 's album Warrior , `` C'Mon '' and `` Supernatural '' , the former of which served as the second single from the record . She also co-wrote two songs that appear on Leona Lewis ' album Glassheart , including the album 's second single `` Lovebird '' . McKee has also co-written songs that have been recorded by Christina Aguilera , Kelly Clarkson , Cher , Carly Rae Jepsen and Ellie Goulding among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597617e7fc362501829de9b41d5dc0e1", "text": "Leslie Mills Leslie Mills is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22d5a4500bdbddb7371dc4dad8978fa2", "text": "David Davis (TV producer) David Davis ( born 1937 ) is an American television producer and television writer . He is best known for work on the sitcoms The Bob Newhart Show , a series he co-created with Lorenzo Music , and Taxi , a series he co-created with James L. Brooks , Stan Daniels and Ed . Weinberger . In 1979 , he won a Primetime Emmy Award for his producing work on Taxi . He also produced for the series O.K. Crackerby ! , My Mother the Car , He & She , The Good Guys , Get Smart and wrote episodes for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off Rhoda . Since 1976 , Davis has been in a relationship with actress Julie Kavner , they met on the set on Rhoda , a series Kavner co-starred in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd61847263c5aac9415015ab7aea84a4", "text": "The Trip to Bountiful The Trip to Bountiful is a 1985 film starring Geraldine Page , John Heard , Carlin Glynn , Richard Bradford and Rebecca De Mornay . Geraldine Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Carrie Watts . The movie was adapted by Horton Foote from his play of the same name . The Bountiful of the title is a fictitious Texas town . Although set in Houston , Texas ( as was the original play ) , the movie was filmed by director Peter Masterson in Dallas . The film features an all-star cast including John Heard and Geraldine Page and a soundtrack by J.A.C. Redford featuring Will Thompson 's `` Softly and Tenderly '' sung by Grammy-award winner Cynthia Clawson . The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress ( Page ) and was nominated for Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53dec8974602f23e5bbe52b798e023b", "text": "Erica Ehm Erica Miechowsky ( born September 30 , 1961 ) , known professionally as Erica Ehm , is a Canadian writer , songwriter , entrepreneur and TV host . She is best known as a pioneering video jockey at the Canadian cable television station MuchMusic . She began her television career by contributing to Musi-Video , a local rock and video show produced in Montreal , Quebec . She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications from the University of Ottawa , Ehm left MuchMusic after ten years to concentrate on her songwriting career . Since then , she has returned periodically to television , hosting or appearing in shows including Yummy Mummy on Life Network and Discovery Health in the U.S. among other countries , Popstars - The One ( Global ) , Real Life with Erica Ehm ( Life Network ) , Power Play ( Discovery Channel Canada ) , The Company ( TVOntario ) , Nestlé Baby and You ( Rogers Cable ) and Science : From A to Ehm . After having a child in 2000 with her partner Terry Moshenberg , who founded The League of Rock , and another child in 2003 , she runs the Yummy Mummy Club . She has written three stage musicals for the family market . After her first play , Caillou 's Big Party , sold out in theatres across North America , she was commissioned to write two other shows , The Big Comfy Couch and Caillou 's Big Book Club . Ehm has written songs which have been recorded by , among others , Van Morrison , Tim Thorney , Cassandra Vasik and Tom Jackson . She has won three Canadian Country Music Awards and three SOCAN Awards . She co-wrote the theme song for the animated film and series Pippi Longstocking . Her song `` Love Me Even More '' was chosen as the theme for the feature film Some Things That Stay . She had a modest acting career , appearing in Alfred Hitchcock Presents as a secretary , RoboCop : The Series as television news anchor Rocky Crenshaw , as `` Benita '' in a stage play version of Brad Fraser 's Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love , as a madam in Replikator and as Vicky in Jigsaw . Ehm authored She Should Talk : Conversations with Exceptional Women about Life , Dreams and Success , published by HarperCollins , as well as a children 's book , The Mischievous Mom at the Art Gallery . In 2002 , she hosted a weekly call-in show on CFRB 1010 , a Toronto news/talk radio station , combining current events and lifestyle topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "263d54509ff351695f1033ea915e7b1d", "text": "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson Unforgivable Blackness : The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson is a documentary by filmmaker Ken Burns based on the nonfiction book of the same name by Geoffrey C. Ward ( 2004 ) . In Burns ' signature style the 220-minute film serves as a biography of Jack Johnson , the first African-American Heavyweight Boxing Champion of the World , as well as a documentary of racism and social inequality during the Jim Crow era against which Jack Johnson lived in defiant opposition . The documentary was first broadcast on PBS in two parts on January 17 and January 18 , 2005 . The film is narrated by Keith David and features a soundtrack by Wynton Marsalis and Samuel L. Jackson as the voice of Jack Johnson . Alan Rickman also contributed his voice to the documentary . Stanley Crouch appears offering commentary , including a quote from Johnson responding a question from a white woman about black people , `` We eat cold eels and think distant thoughts . '' In 2005 , the film earned Burns an Emmy Award for Directing for Non-Fiction Programming . David won an Emmy for Best Voice Over Performance . The film was produced by David Schaye , Paul Barnes and Ken Burns ( Executive Producer ) for Florentine Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c727d0aeea08808708b1a3e411d389", "text": "Kreesha Turner Kreesha Turner ( born June 10 , 1985 ) is a Canadian/Jamaican recording artist and songwriter , born in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . Raised in both Canada and Jamaica , she began her musical career after a successful audition with Virgin Records . She signed a record deal with the Capitol Music Group , under which the Virgin imprint operates . Concurrently , EMI Music Canada signed her in order to more effectively tap into the Canadian market . She has released two albums in Canada . Her first album Passion ( 2008 ) spawned singles `` Bounce With Me , '' `` Lady Killer '' and `` Do n't Call Me Baby '' . The latter became the # 1 most played song ( by a Canadian ) on Canadian radio in 2008 and became her very first number one single on Billboards U.S. Hot Dance Club Play . During this year , she was nominated for two Juno Awards for `` Best New Artist '' and `` Best Pop Album of The Year . '' Her second double disc studio album , Tropic Electric ( 2011 ) saw Turner alter her public image and return to her original sound . She released three moderately successful singles `` Rock Paper Scissors , '' `` I Could Stay , '' and `` Love Again . '' which gained her another Juno Award Nomination for `` Best R&B Album . '' Turner is currently finished recording her third album entitled Evolution Inevitable with a new direction of her sound infused with Dancehall , Hip Hop and R&B . Throughout Turner 's career , she has been well known for her style and image . She 's been ranked on Complex magazine list of `` 25 Sexiest International Singers You 've Never Heard Of '' and Much Music 's `` Sexiest Girls list '' in 2008 . She has been featured on multiple major Canadian magazine covers and starred in a national Kit Kat campaign . Her music has been featured on major network television shows such as , `` Entourage '' , `` Desperate Housewives '' , `` Ugly Betty '' , `` Gossip Girl '' , `` The Hills '' , `` Keeping Up With the Kardashians '' , `` Smash '' , `` Lipstick Jungle '' and `` Brothers & Sisters '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6495065b1833ae419f7102f5a3e0a771", "text": "When Giants Collide When Giants Collide is a 2007 documentary directed and produced by Christina Fulton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080bdc958ba8f141a3500fb9c0c19ba6", "text": "Unstoppable (Sia song) `` Unstoppable '' is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Sia Furler ( often referred to mononymously as Sia ) , taken from her seventh studio album This Is Acting ( 2016 ) . The song was written by Sia and Christopher Braide , and produced by Jesse Shatkin . It was released as the album 's final promotional single on January 20 , 2016 . In July , a new version of the song was made for Gillette 's 2016 Olympic ad campaign , `` Pretty Is n't Perfect '' which features a verse from Pusha T.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c6bda5f232b3d5e10d42dd0aae2f8", "text": "David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1dcecec762365827f66adeb641053b68", "text": "Rick and Morty Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network 's late night programming block Adult Swim . The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick and his fretful , easily influenced grandson Morty , who split their time between domestic family life and interdimensional adventures . Roiland voices the series ' eponymous characters , with the voice talent of Chris Parnell , Spencer Grammer , and Sarah Chalke providing the rest of the family . It premiered on December 2 , 2013 . The series originated from an animated short parody film of Back to the Future created by Roiland for film festival Channel 101 . Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas , and he and Roiland developed the program based on the short , replacing the characters of Doc with Rick and Marty with Morty . In January 2014 , the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on July 26 , 2015 . In August 2015 , Adult Swim renewed the series for a 14-episode third season , which premiered unannounced on April 1 , 2017 , with the rest of the season scheduled to air during the summer . The show has received universal critical acclaim for its originality , creativity , and humor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae48daed6ab3fd7167f0bce24639ba66", "text": "List of Rick and Morty characters Rick and Morty is an American adult animated television series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon , which premiered in 2013 . It revolves around Rick , an eccentric , elderly , alcoholic scientist who takes his young grandson Morty on dangerous , outlandish adventures throughout the cosmos and alternate universes . The following is a list of characters from the Rick and Morty television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4bad4fec8fb9d4cc74fb90e9fb9a7", "text": "A (The Walking Dead) `` A '' is the sixteenth and final episode of the fourth season , and 51st episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead , which aired on AMC on March 30 , 2014 . The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple and Angela Kang , and directed by Michelle MacLaren . As multiple paths collide on each group 's travels , Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) remembers the past and comes face to face with sheer brutality . As the so-called sanctuary , `` Terminus '' , begins to reveal its true face , the group struggles to survive . Themes explored in this episode include preparedness and the extremities of living in a lawless world . The latter is explored through Rick 's guilt and trauma after being forced to brutally murder two men to protect his son , Carl ( Chandler Riggs ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f25591181edc6145ee4465e17fb96ff0", "text": "Rick Polizzi Rick Polizzi is an American producer and author . He is the creator of the book Spin Again , animation producer on the successful television series The Simpsons , and creator of Los Angeles based Halloween haunt Boney Island . Polizzi has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for The Simpsons '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ab03eb398ec1cfcb883601cd744b40", "text": "Mike & Molly (season 2) The second season of the television comedy series Mike & Molly began airing on September 26 , 2011 on CBS in the United States . The season was produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creator Mark Roberts serving as executive producer along with Chuck Lorre , James Burrows and Don Foster . The series focuses on the title characters Mike Biggs ( Billy Gardell ) and Molly Flynn ( Melissa McCarthy ) , a couple who meet at an Overeaters Anonymous meeting in Chicago , Illinois . After Molly , a primary-school teacher , invites police officer Mike to give a talk to her class , they begin dating . Molly lives at home with her mother Joyce ( Swoosie Kurtz ) , and sister Victoria ( Katy Mixon ) . Joyce is in an on-off relationship with widower Vince Moranto ( Louis Mustillo ) , who is often seen at the house . Mike lives alone in an apartment but is regularly kept company by his best friend and partner in the police force Carl McMillan ( Reno Wilson ) . Other prominent characters in the series include Carl 's grandmother Rosetta ( Cleo King ) , Mike 's mother Peggy ( Rondi Reed ) and cafe worker Samuel ( Nyambi Nyambi ) . Holly Robinson Peete has a recurring guest role in Season 2 as Carl 's love interest . Season two of Mike & Molly '' was broadcast in the United States on Mondays at 9:30 pm . On August 21 , 2012 Warner Home Video released a three-disc set of the second season on DVD , which included every episode , a featurette , bloopers , and interviews with the cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbf9c3c9745dca83ed26931393703d10", "text": "What Lies Ahead `` What Lies Ahead '' is the first episode of the second season and 7th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead . It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 16 , 2011 . It was written by series developer Frank Darabont ( under the pseudonym `` Ardeth Bey '' ) and series creator Robert Kirkman , and directed by Gwyneth Horder-Payton and Ernest Dickerson . In this episode , Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) leads his group toward Fort Benning , Georgia , but during an encounter with a herd of zombies , colloquially referred to as `` walkers '' , Sophia Peletier ( Madison Lintz ) goes missing , and a search group is formed . `` What Lies Ahead '' was the last episode written by Darabont , who had been fired from the show in July 2011 . It was first previewed at the San Diego Comic-Con on July 22 , 2011 . Production commenced in June 2011 . Unlike the first season , most of the principal photography for `` What Lies Ahead '' took place outside the city limits of Atlanta , Georgia ; filming took place in Smyrna and Henry County , Georgia . Before its first airing , several segments were announced and broadcast , including a six-part internet series and a live after-show hosted by Chris Hardwick . `` What Lies Ahead '' was well received by television critics , who said it made a strong start to the season . Ratings were similarly positive : in the United States , it broke the record for the most-watched drama in the history of basic cable , attaining 7.3 million viewers . Worldwide , it averaged a 2.0 rating in most television markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64bb9961419cb7cee311361b0c4fcd0", "text": "Fringe (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series Fringe commenced airing on the Fox network on September 17 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2010 . The season was produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television , and its showrunners were Jeff Pinkner and J.H. Wyman . Actors Anna Torv , John Noble , and Joshua Jackson reprised their roles as FBI agent Olivia Dunham and father-son duo Walter and Peter Bishop , respectively . Previous series regulars Lance Reddick , Jasika Nicole , Blair Brown , and Kirk Acevedo also returned , though with Acevedo in a limited capacity . The season followed the continuation of a war between two universes , the prime and the parallel . It was set in the former , until the last several episodes when Peter Bishop ( Jackson ) journeyed back to the parallel universe after being lured there by his real father , `` Walternate '' ( Noble ) . While co-creator J.J. Abrams described the first season as `` identifying that there is an enemy '' , he referred to season two as `` getting to know the enemy '' as it `` build -LSB- s -RSB- to a very specific type of confrontation '' between the two universes . The writers focused on their characters ' development , in particular making them more comfortable with each other while solving cases for Fringe Division . By inventing the `` mythalone '' style of episode , the producers sought to create the perfect episode that mixed standalone episode qualities for casual viewers with the further development of the series ' mythology for regular viewers . In a departure from the previous season , the second season aired in a new competitive timeslot at 9:00 pm on Thursdays . It contained 22 episodes , plus an unaired episode that was produced during the first season ; `` Unearthed '' aired as a special as episode 11 of season two , days prior to `` Johari Window '' , the first new episode of 2010 . Also part of the season was the series ' only musical episode , `` Brown Betty '' , which was produced at the request of the network . The season finale , `` Over There '' , fully introduced the parallel universe and laid the groundwork for the third season . Fringe ended its second season with a per episode average of 6.252 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The season was generally well-received by critics , though most agreed that the second half was a considerable improvement over the first . The series was chosen for a number of 2010 `` best of television '' lists , including The New York Times , the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , and Entertainment Weekly . Despite its critical acclaim , Fringe failed to earn any major category nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards , but did receive nominations at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards , Golden Reel Awards , and Satellite Awards ; at the Saturn Awards , Torv and guest actor Leonard Nimoy won in their respective categories . The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 14 , 2010 , in region 2 on September 27 , and in region 4 on November 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbbb9e586fd8b807beb9094fa83e3d6", "text": "You're Getting Old `` You 're Getting Old '' is the seventh episode and the mid-season finale of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 216th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 8 , 2011 . In the episode , Stan begins to develop a profound sense of cynicism after celebrating his tenth birthday , where he is literally seeing everything as `` crap '' . Meanwhile , Randy latches onto a new music genre , `` tween wave , '' in an attempt to fit in , which causes problems in his marriage with Sharon . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and was produced at the end of the show 's `` spring '' run . He and co-creator Matt Stone had created the idea of Stan 's existential crisis as a parallel with their own real-life aging . `` You 're Getting Old '' ends abruptly ; Stan 's parents separate and his problem remains unresolved . The conclusion was inspired by modern television dramas , which are often serialized and are less likely to have the standard `` happy ending . '' The episode created significant media attention , and was interpreted by some critics as a metaphor for the frustration experienced by creators Parker and Stone stemming from the show 's continued production ; other critics , and several viewers , speculated on whether the episode was meant as a series finale . The episode received very positive reviews from contemporary television critics , who praised the episode 's ending and overarching theme on growing older . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was seen by 2.29 million viewers the week it was broadcast . The episode 's ending is continued in the mid-season premiere , `` Ass Burgers '' , which aired in October 2011 . `` You 're Getting Old '' was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the fifteenth season on March 27 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e688d1cfba295e3867c675e2d77cd792", "text": "Chelsea (TV series) Chelsea is an American web television late-night talk show hosted by comedian Chelsea Handler . The show debuted on May 11 , 2016 and streams Wednesday , Thursday , and Friday each week worldwide . There will be 90 episodes of the talk show per year and each episode will be 30 minutes . The show tapes Monday , Tuesday , and Wednesday of each week that it airs . It is Netflix 's first talk show . The show covers `` real topics '' with a sense of humor like Chelsea Does , with guest celebrities . Her comedic partner Chuy will not be a part of the series . The show will have a global outlook as Handler said , `` Netflix makes me able to do stories that are global , and it makes me able to pay attention to the stuff that does interest me in a way that will be able to be disseminated into all these different countries . '' In July 2016 , it was announced that the show has been renewed for a 90-episode second season , which began on April 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "775d0de50b9f262e83f0cac44ac20005", "text": "Rick Potion No. 9 `` Rick Potion # 9 '' is the sixth episode of Rick and Morty . It premiered on Adult Swim on January 27 , 2014 , was written by Justin Roiland , and directed by Stephen Sandoval . In the episode , a love potion goes wrong , creating a virus that begins to infect the entire world population , making everyone fall in love with Morty . The episode has been well received , and was seen by about 1.7 million viewers when airing . The title of the episode is in reference to the 1959 song `` Love Potion No. 9 '' by the Clovers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2004987c028a841e1a5e9342b94cbf19", "text": "Simpson and Delilah `` Simpson and Delilah '' is the second episode of The Simpsons ' second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 18 , 1990 . Homer uses the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant medical insurance plan to buy ` Dimoxinil ' , a miracle hair growth formula . Homer grows hair , and is given a promotion at work which allows him to hire a secretary named Karl . The episode was directed by Rich Moore and written by Jon Vitti , and guest starred Harvey Fierstein as Karl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11708cb8c0c7bd3a89ca829e8c6a577b", "text": "Rixty Minutes `` Rixty Minutes '' is the eighth episode of the first season of Rick and Morty . It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17 , 2014 . The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland , and directed by Bryan Newton . In the episode , Rick gets bored of the television shows that the Smith family watches and installs a cable box that allows them to watch shows from other dimensions . The episode has been highly praised by critics , and was watched by around 1.48 million viewers when airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c02f7ee071905aaf39f947ca1ab264", "text": "The Man Who Grew Too Much `` The Man Who Grew Too Much '' is the thirteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons , and the 543rd episode of the series . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on March 9 , 2014 . It was written by Jeff Westbrook and directed by Matthew Schofield . In the episode , Lisa discovers that Sideshow Bob has become the chief scientist of a massive chemical engineering company , but the two of them bond over their appreciation for high culture . Meanwhile , Marge ends up a church volunteer to help teenagers become abstinent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f70a3c79971d2b4edd415a58c6c22e7", "text": "Drunk History Drunk History is an American television comedy series produced by Comedy Central , based on the Funny or Die web series created by Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner in 2007 . In each episode , an inebriated narrator , who is played by a comedian joined by host Waters , struggles to recount an event from history , while actors enact the narrator 's anecdotes and also lip sync the dialogue . The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9 , 2013 , and its second season premiered on July 1 , 2014 . Will Ferrell and Adam McKay are among the show 's executive producers . In addition to creator Derek Waters and celebrity guest stars , the show 's additional characters are played by regulars Bennie Arthur , Tim Baltz , Mort Burke , Sarah Burns , Maria Blasucci , Craig Cackowski , Michael Cassady , Michael Coleman , Tymberlee Hill , Adam Nee , and Jeremy J. Tutson . On January 13 , 2017 Comedy Central renewed the show for a fifth season , which is set to premiere later in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d77fa9bbe889a76e8771bc12c1a1220d", "text": "George Washington George Washington ( -LSB- ˈdʒɔɹdʒ_ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- -- , 1799 ) was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War , and later presided over the 1787 convention that drafted the United States Constitution . He is popularly considered the driving force behind the nation 's establishment and came to be known as the `` father of the country , '' both during his lifetime and to this day . Washington was widely admired for his strong leadership qualities and was unanimously elected president by the Electoral College in the first two national elections . He oversaw the creation of a strong , well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars , suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion , and won acceptance among Americans of all types . Washington 's incumbency established many precedents still in use today , such as the cabinet system , the inaugural address , and the title Mr. President . His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term . The 22nd Amendment ( 1951 ) now limits the president to two elected terms . He was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Virginia to a family of wealthy planters who owned tobacco plantations and slaves , which he inherited . In his youth , he became a senior officer in the colonial militia during the first stages of the French and Indian War . In 1775 , the Second Continental Congress commissioned him as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution . In that command , Washington forced the British out of Boston in 1776 but was defeated and nearly captured later that year when he lost New York City . After crossing the Delaware River in the middle of winter , he defeated the British in two battles ( Trenton and Princeton ) , retook New Jersey , and restored momentum to the Patriot cause . His strategy enabled Continental forces to capture two major British armies at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781 . Historians laud Washington for the selection and supervision of his generals ; preservation and command of the army ; coordination with the Congress , state governors , and their militia ; and attention to supplies , logistics , and training . In battle , however , Washington was repeatedly outmaneuvered by British generals with larger armies . After victory had been finalized in 1783 , Washington resigned as commander-in-chief rather than seize power , proving his opposition to dictatorship and his commitment to American republicanism . Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787 , which devised a new form of federal government for the United States . Following his election as president in 1789 , he worked to unify rival factions in the fledgling nation . He supported Alexander Hamilton 's programs to satisfy all debts , federal and state , established a permanent seat of government , implemented an effective tax system , and created a national bank . In avoiding war with Great Britain , he guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the Jay Treaty in 1795 , despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians . He remained non-partisan , never joining the Federalist Party , although he largely supported its policies . Washington 's Farewell Address was an influential primer on civic virtue , warning against partisanship , sectionalism , and involvement in foreign wars . He retired from the presidency in 1797 , returning to his home and plantation at Mount Vernon . Upon his death , Washington was eulogized as `` first in war , first in peace , and first in the hearts of his countrymen '' by Representative Henry Lee III of Virginia . He was revered in life and in death ; scholarly and public polling consistently ranks him among the top three presidents in American history . He has been depicted and remembered in monuments , public works , currency , and other dedications to the present day .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19cdf4f8f07eaf496ce8d234624477c0", "text": "Robert Ross (British Army officer) Major-General Robert Ross ( 176612 September 1814 ) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army who served in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 . Ross enlisted in the British Army in 1789 . He served as an officer in several battles during the Napoleonic Wars . In 1809 , he was sent to serve in the Peninsular War . He was wounded in the neck at the Battle of Orthez in France on February 27 , 1814 . Upon returning to duty later that year , Ross was made a major general and sent to North America , where he took command of a British force designated to attack the United States capital of Washington D.C. during the War of 1812 . Ross 's professional soldiers quickly defeated a poorly organized American militia at the Battle of Bladensburg on August 24 , and that evening proceeded to enter Washington . The British Army burned many important U.S. Government buildings , including the White House and the Capitol , demoralizing and greatly damaging the American war effort . Ross then led a British invasion north up the Chesapeake Bay towards the city of Baltimore which culminated in the Battle of Baltimore that September . On September 12 , he was shot while commanding troops at North Point , and died while being moved to the rear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00da4508c83cdda9031b07b522a9e472", "text": "Virginia Washington Monument The Virginia Washington Monument , also known as the Washington Monument , is an 19th-century neoclassical statue of George Washington located on the public square in Richmond , Virginia . It is the terminus for Grace Street . The cornerstone of the monument was laid in 1850 and it became the second equestrian statue of Washington to be unveiled in the United States ( following the one in Union Square , New York City , unveiled in 1856 ) . It was not completed until 1869 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81f496a3374d71ab62604ed896c4cbd", "text": "George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney George Brydges Rodney , 1st Baron Rodney , KB ( bap . 13 February 1718 -- 24 May 1792 ) was a British naval officer . He is best known for his commands in the American War of Independence , particularly his victory over the French at the Battle of the Saintes in 1782 . It is often claimed that he was the commander to have pioneered the tactic of `` breaking the line '' . Rodney came from a distinguished but poor background , and went to sea at the age of fourteen . His first major action was the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747 . He made a large amount of prize money during the 1740s , allowing him to purchase a large country estate and a seat in the House of Commons of Great Britain . During the Seven Years ' War , Rodney was involved in a number of amphibious operations such as the raids on Rochefort and Le Havre and the Siege of Louisbourg . He became well known for his role in the capture of Martinique in 1762 . Following the Peace of Paris , Rodney 's financial situation stagnated . He spent large sums of money pursuing his political ambitions . By 1774 he had run up large debts and was forced to flee Britain to avoid his creditors . He was in a French jail when war was declared in 1778 . Thanks to a benefactor , Rodney was able to secure his release and return to Britain where he was appointed to a new command . Rodney successfully relieved Gibraltar during the Great Siege and defeated a Spanish fleet during the 1780 Battle of Cape St. Vincent , known as the `` Moonlight Battle '' because it took place at night . He then was posted to the Jamaica Station , where he became involved in the controversial 1781 capture of Sint Eustatius . Later that year he briefly returned home suffering from ill health . During his absence the British lost the crucial Battle of the Chesapeake leading to the surrender at Yorktown . To some Rodney was a controversial figure , accused of an obsession with prize money and nepotism . This was brought to a head in the wake of his taking of Saint Eustatius for which he was heavily criticised in Britain . Orders for his recall had been sent when Rodney won a decisive victory at the Battle of the Saintes in April 1782 , ending the French threat to Jamaica . On his return to Britain , Rodney was made a peer and was awarded an annual pension of # 2,000 . He lived in retirement until his death in 1792 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871bc7daba5421dd370581016032b7f4", "text": "1776 The year is dominated by events of the American Revolutionary War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a9de4da0911d466a917d989ce43ffb", "text": "Invasion of Quebec (1775) The Invasion of Quebec in 1775 was the first major military initiative by the newly formed Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . The objective of the campaign was to gain military control of the British Province of Quebec ( modern day Canada ) , and convince the French-speaking Canadiens to join the revolution on the side of the Thirteen Colonies . One expedition left Fort Ticonderoga under Richard Montgomery , besieged and captured Fort St. Johns , and very nearly captured British General Guy Carleton when taking Montreal . The other expedition left Cambridge , Massachusetts under Benedict Arnold , and traveled with great difficulty through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec City . The two forces joined there , but were defeated at the Battle of Quebec in December 1775 . Montgomery 's expedition set out from Fort Ticonderoga in late August , and began besieging Fort St. Johns , the main defensive point south of Montreal , in mid-September . After the fort was captured in November , Carleton abandoned Montreal , fleeing to Quebec City , and Montgomery took control of the city before heading for Quebec with an army much reduced in size by expiring enlistments . There he joined Arnold , who had left Cambridge in early September on an arduous trek through the wilderness that left his surviving troops starving and lacking in many supplies and equipment . These forces joined before Quebec City in December , where they assaulted the city in a snowstorm on the last day of the year . The battle was a disastrous defeat for the Americans ; Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded , while the city 's defenders suffered few casualties . Arnold then conducted an ineffectual siege on the city , during which Loyalist sentiments were boosted by successful propaganda campaigns , and General David Wooster 's blunt administration of Montreal served to annoy both supporters and detractors of the Americans . The British sent several thousand troops , including General John Burgoyne and Hessian allies , to reinforce those in the province in May 1776 . General Carleton then launched a counter-offensive , ultimately driving the smallpox-weakened and disorganized American forces back to Fort Ticonderoga . The Americans , under Arnold 's command , were able to hinder the British advance sufficiently that an attack could not be mounted on Fort Ticonderoga in 1776 . The end of the campaign set the stage for Burgoyne 's campaign of 1777 to gain control of the Hudson River valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0bda020d2470f2e74990a07a607ebd9", "text": "1774", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f2c70915b45fcee7d64ce2f5406edc", "text": "William Franklin William Franklin FRSE ( 1730 -- November 1813 ) was an American-born attorney , a colonial administrator , and the acknowledged illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin . The last colonial Governor of New Jersey ( 1763 -- 1776 ) , Franklin was a steadfast Loyalist throughout the American Revolutionary War . As his father was one of the most prominent Patriots and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States , their differences caused an irreconcilable break between them . Following imprisonment during the war , in 1782 the younger Franklin went into exile in Britain . He lived in London until his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c30197c3250f7ab3596ee4ba56aca0", "text": "United States elections, 1794 The 1794 United States elections occurred in the middle of President George Washington 's second term . Members of the 4th United States Congress were chosen in this election . Tennessee was admitted as a state during the 4th Congress . The election took place at the beginning of the First Party System , with the Democratic-Republican Party and Federalist Party emerging as political parties , succeeding the anti-administration faction and the pro-administration faction . In the House , the Democratic-Republicans picked up a small number of seats , increasing their majority . However , Federalist Jonathan Dayton was elected Speaker of the House , defeating Frederick Muhlenberg , who had a less clear partisan affiliation . In the Senate , the Federalists picked up a moderate number of seats , increasing their majority . Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0656e44b3207e40625750f1af7ebfb", "text": "George Washington in the French and Indian War George Washington ( February 22 , 1732 -- December 14 , 1799 ) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 1783 ) , and was the first President of the United States , serving from 1789 to 1797 . Because of his central role in the founding of the United States , Washington is often called the `` Father of his Country '' . His devotion to republicanism and civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians . Washington 's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia . In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie , Pennsylvania . The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Before reaching that point , he and some of his men , accompanied by Indian allies , ambushed a French scouting party . Its leader was killed , although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed . This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years ' War . The French responded by attacking fortifications Washington erected following the ambush , forcing his surrender . Released on parole , Washington and his troops returned to Virginia . In 1755 he participated as a volunteer aide in the ill-fated expedition of General Edward Braddock , where he distinguished himself in the retreat following the climactic Battle of Monongahela . He served from 1755 until 1758 as colonel and commander of the Virginia Regiment , directing the provincial defenses against French and Indian raids and building the regiment into one of the best-trained provincial militias of the time . He led the regiment as part of the 1758 expedition of General John Forbes that successfully drove the French from Fort Duquesne , during which he and some of his companies were involved in a friendly fire incident . Unable to get a commission in the British Army , Washington then resigned from the provincial militia , married , and took up the life of a Virginia plantation owner . Washington gained valuable military skills during the war , acquiring tactical , strategic , and logistical military experience . He also acquired important political skills in his dealings with the British military establishment and the provincial government . His military exploits , although they included some notable failures , made his military reputation in the colonies such that he became a natural selection as the commander in chief of the Continental Army following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 . His successes in military and political spheres during that conflict led to his election as the first President of the United States of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa0cba79eca3df5f4bacc455d776052", "text": "Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It succeeded the First Continental Congress , which met between September 5 , 1774 and October 26 , 1774 , also in Philadelphia . The second Congress managed the colonial war effort , and moved incrementally towards independence , adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4 , 1776 . By raising armies , directing strategy , appointing diplomats , and making formal treaties such as the Olive Branch Petition , the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States . When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10 , 1775 it was , in effect , a reconvening of the First Continental Congress . Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second , and the delegates appointed the same president ( Peyton Randolph ) and secretary ( Charles Thomson ) . Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts . Within two weeks , Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses ; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas Jefferson , who arrived several weeks later . Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph , but he declined . Hancock was elected president on May 24 . Delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies were present when the Second Continental Congress convened . Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second Continental Congress . On May 13 , 1775 , Lyman Hall was admitted as a delegate from the Parish of St. John 's in the Colony of Georgia , not as a delegate from the colony itself . On July 4 , 1775 , revolutionary Georgians held a Provincial Congress to decide how to respond to the American Revolution , and that congress decided on July 8 to send delegates to the Continental Congress . They arrived on July 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0dc29f992fa7fb15113fa19eaaed4d", "text": "America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams . During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46563b3bcb5d863f3939c7168262d183", "text": "Hyatt-Livingston House Hyatt-Livingston House was an historic home located at Dobbs Ferry , Westchester County , New York . The house started as a simple tenant-farmer 's dwelling about 1698 . In the 18th century , it was enlarged to a five-bay , - story dwelling that now forms the central part of the house . It was of wood frame construction , with a gable roof , and sitting on a fieldstone foundation . The 2-story west wing was built by Philip Livingston ( ? -1810 ) between 1779 and 1810 . A monument in front of the house , placed in 1895 , falsely claimed that , during the American Revolution , the house served as George Washington 's headquarters for a period in 1781 . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 . The house was destroyed by fire on September 1 , 1974 . The monument in front with the false inscription about the house having been Washington 's headquarters was corrected in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a9917c4ec9d388c07eabb4a9fbf3bc8", "text": "Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1775–76 The military career of Benedict Arnold in 1775 and 1776 covers many of the military actions that occurred in the northernmost Thirteen Colonies early in the American Revolutionary War . Arnold began the war as a captain in Connecticut 's militia , a position to which he was elected in March 1775 . Following the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington and Concord the following month , his company marched northeast to assist in the siege of Boston that followed . Arnold proposed to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety an action to seize Fort Ticonderoga in New York , which he knew was poorly defended . They issued a colonel 's commission to him on May 3 , 1775 , and he immediately rode off to the west , where he arrived at Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants ( present-day Vermont ) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga . He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain . He then resigned his Massachusetts commission after a command dispute with the head of a detachment of Connecticut militia troops that arrived in June to reinforce Ticonderoga . When the Second Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec , in part on the urging of Arnold , he was passed over for leading the expedition . Arnold then went to Cambridge , Massachusetts , and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through present-day Maine . This expedition , for which Arnold received a colonel 's commission in the Continental Army , left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men . After a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route , Arnold arrived before Quebec City in November . Joined by Richard Montgomery 's small army , he participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and he was wounded . Arnold , who was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec , maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776 . Arnold then traveled to Montreal , where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May . He presided over the rear of the Continental Army 's retreat from Saint-Jean , where he was reported to be the last person to leave before the British arrived . He then directed the construction of a fleet to defend Lake Champlain , which was defeated in the October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island . His actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777 . During these actions , Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress . The actions of some of these political enemies resulted in courts martial and other investigations that contributed to his eventual decision to join the British side of the conflict in 1780 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37acc67c8b45673ba866b4f0589702d3", "text": "Religious views of George Washington The religious views of George Washington have long been debated . While some of the Founding Fathers , such as Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin , and Patrick Henry were noted for writing about religion , Washington rarely discussed his religious and philosophical views . His personal letters and public speeches sometimes referred to `` Providence . '' He was a member of several churches which he attended , and served as an Anglican vestryman and warden for more than fifteen years when Virginia had an established church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae983556e67370be7dd5b8684b8362f", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia . The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 . The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16981ea52554bc6a2c13aff22067bc54", "text": "Bibliography of early American naval history Historical accounts for early American naval history now occur across the spectrum of two and more centuries . This Bibliography lends itself primarily to reliable sources covering early American naval history beginning around the American Revolution period on through the 18th and 19th centuries and includes sources which cover notable naval commanders , Presidents , important ships , major naval engagements and corresponding wars . The bibliography also includes sources that are not committed to the subject of American naval history per se but whose content covers this subject extensively . Among the contemporary and earlier historical accounts are primary sources , historical accounts , often derived from letters , dispatches , government and military records , captain 's logs and diaries , etc. , written by authors who were involved in or closely associated to the historical episode in question . Primary source material is often collected , compiled and published by other editors also , sometimes many years after the historical subject has passed . Many of the authors are notable and even famous in their own right and are linked to their corresponding biographies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0902e9ee3cd13cb5e0cb063ac2a1aba", "text": "George Robert Twelves Hewes George Robert Twelves Hewes ( August 25 , 1742 -- November 5 , 1840 ) was a participant in the political protests in Boston at the onset of the American Revolution , and one of the last survivors of the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre . Later he fought in the American Revolutionary War as a militiaman and privateer . Shortly before his death at the age of 98 , Hewes was the subject of two biographies and much public commemoration .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0dc56852a98777b75dd22dc9b3b6ceba", "text": "Nekromanteia (audio drama) Nekromanteia is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0de29283032b238cc0deb6e2c25c51", "text": "The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story . The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74682092a71d1aa340cbd51e19e2d3e2", "text": "From The Doctor to my son Thomas `` From The Doctor to my son Thomas '' is a viral video recorded by actor Peter Capaldi and sent to Thomas Goodall , an autistic nine-year-old boy in England , to console the child over grief from the death of Goodall 's grandmother . Capaldi filmed the 42-second video in character as the 12th incarnation of The Doctor in the BBC science-fiction series Doctor Who . Capaldi 's message had a positive effect on Thomas ; his father said that the boy smiled for the first time since learning of his grandmother 's death , and gained the courage to go to her funeral . Thomas ' father Ross Goodall posted the video to YouTube on 6 November 2014 . He later explained to media that he wanted to make the video available to his family and had no idea it would become popular online . CNN reported that after its appearance on YouTube , the video was viewed over 200,000 times in its first 48 hours online . This more than doubled the next day , and less than a week later it had over 900,000 total views . BBC News observed that Capaldi 's message had become a viral video , and ITV News described response to the video as a global phenomenon . The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph called the recording by Capaldi a touching video to a young child suffering from grief . CNN and MTV characterised the video similarly , as did Spanish and Dutch media . The Independent wrote that Capaldi displayed a kinder face of his personality by sending the message . BT commented it was Capaldi 's best contribution as the character of the Doctor to date . The video had a positive impact on those with mental health problems . Autism Daily Newscast reported favourably on the Doctor 's actions . The Hollywood Reporter observed that as his character the Doctor , Capaldi was using his role to support mental health . Hollywood Life said their reporters were moved to tears after watching Capaldi 's video . Peter Harness , writer of the episode `` Kill the Moon '' , said that Capaldi 's video was his favourite highlight from ten years of Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f544bfc758baf53655bd977522c4aa46", "text": "The Impossible Planet `` The Impossible Planet '' is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , first broadcast on 3 June 2006 . It is the first part of a two-part story , followed by `` The Satan Pit '' . The TARDIS lands in a base on a planet orbiting a black hole , an allegedly impossible situation that stumps even the Doctor . The base crew are drilling towards a mysterious subterranean power source , to claim the power that keeps the planet in orbit for the good of the Human Empire . However , an ancient evil is down there too , and it is awakened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb0790390b44cbd1f9bc942ebb88d5f", "text": "Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme , Doctor Who . Within the context of the series , the Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth 's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies as a means of self-preservation . This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating , with every emotion deleted from their minds . They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler ( the unofficial scientific advisor to the show ) and story editor Gerry Davis in 1966 , first appearing in the serial The Tenth Planet . They were featured numerous times , up until the show 's cancellation . Following the 2005 revival of the show , the Cybermen returned with a new origin story in a parallel universe , in the 2006 series ' two-parter `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' , and have been recurring villains again ever since . A further redesign took place in the 2013 episode `` Nightmare in Silver '' , showing technologically advanced Cybermen , the result of a merge between the Mondasian and Parallel universe Cybermen , depicted as being able to instantly upgrade themselves to fix flaws and weaknesses . The species also appeared in the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood in its fourth episode , `` Cyberwoman '' ( 2006 ) . Cybermen have also appeared in installments of the 2010 Doctor Who video game series The Adventure Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8023bccb363eb78374ef4aface132137", "text": "Valhalla (audio drama) Valhalla is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series '' Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97abd1475e07320fe564b8854e844ab", "text": "The Rescue (Doctor Who) The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January and 9 January 1965 on BBC1 . It was written by outgoing story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher Barry . The Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Who second production block . Rehearsals and recording took place from 30 November to 11 December 1964 , entirely in-studio . The two episodes were watched by 12 and 13 million viewers in the UK respectively and have received generally positive reviews from critics , who praise the character-based storytelling , although plot holes were noted . Both episodes of The Rescue have been retained in the BBC archives , and the story has been novelised and released on VHS and DVD . The serial is notable as the first appearance of Maureen O'Brien as companion Vicki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ccd2369d12c7daeac3a2970f0abc509", "text": "Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game . The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' . Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5e3fe1c1595c92208081a60a8eea8ca", "text": "Project Infinity (Doctor Who audio) Project Infinity is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aea8c82eabb88e6b7705d839e759fed", "text": "Doctor Who (season 3) The third season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 11 September 1965 with the story Galaxy 4 and ended on 16 July 1966 with The War Machines . Only 17 out of 45 episodes survive in the BBC archives ; 28 remain missing . As result only 3 serials are complete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78538512a29e0f399f2b1cf04625f491", "text": "Doctor Who Magazine Doctor Who Magazine ( abbreviated as DWM ) is a magazine devoted to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Its current editor is Tom Spilsbury , who has been with the magazine since 2003 . It is currently recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11b4fac701824465f937410b7951afc", "text": "Kiss of Death (Doctor Who audio) Kiss of Death is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997d22cb88a384d4d2f1ba05070e3112", "text": "Doctors (series 1) Series one of the long-running BBC television medical soap opera Doctors '' first aired on 26 March 2000 . The first series ran for 41 episodes . This series concluded on 19 May 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82412a51464c2a9f8b8f43bcc6774193", "text": "Doctor at Large (TV series) Doctor at Large is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of newly qualified doctors . The series follows directly from its predecessor Doctor in the House , and was produced by London Weekend Television in 1971 . Writers for the Doctor at Large episodes were Bill Oddie , Graeme Garden , John Cleese , Graham Chapman , Bernard McKenna , Geoff Rowley , Andy Baker , Jonathan Lynn and David Yallop , as well as George Layton ( under the pseudonym of `` Oliver Fry '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab99de8d4f93465670307994db36804", "text": "Sixth Doctor comic stories The Sixth Doctor comic stories is a range of off-screen adventures featuring the sixth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sci-fi series Doctor Who . Continuing the themes of the televised series , every story sees the Doctor travelling to a new destination and fighting evil and righting wrongs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97bceb27134f0a60d70dd666adea9913", "text": "Rat Trap (Doctor Who audio) Rat Trap is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8da0fd77243e9272889a8200c2f0f87", "text": "The Name of the Doctor `` The Name of the Doctor '' is the thirteenth and final episode of the seventh series of the British science-fiction drama Doctor Who and was broadcast on . It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Saul Metzstein . The episode stars Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and Jenna-Louise Coleman as Clara Oswald . It also features the return of Alex Kingston as River Song , Neve McIntosh as Madame Vastra , Dan Starkey as Commander Strax , Catrin Stewart as Jenny and Richard E. Grant as the Great Intelligence . The episode also features new monsters called the Whisper Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10387302f29c8ff728205135ad667eef", "text": "Earth Aid Earth Aid is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6caa83d8c207aff7e13036f17dfc397d", "text": "New York City The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 sqmi , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs -- Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island -- were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States , and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the world 's largest foreign-born population of any city . By 2016 estimates , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , 20.2 million residents , and the Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , 23.7 million residents . In 2013 , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of nearly US$ 1.39 trillion . In 2012 , the CSA generated a GMP of over US$ 1.55 trillion . NYC 's MSA and CSA GDP are higher than the GDPs of all but 11 and 12 countries , respectively . New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York . New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790 . It has been the country 's largest city since 1790 . The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known , and the city received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015 , hosting three of the world 's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013 . Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world . Times Square , iconic as the world 's `` heart '' and its `` Crossroads '' , is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District , one of the world 's busiest pedestrian intersections , and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . The names of many of the city 's bridges , tapered skyscrapers , and parks are known around the world . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and the city is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization , the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Manhattan 's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world . Manhattan 's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere , with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city . Providing continuous 24/7 service , the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide , with stations in operation . Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City , including Columbia University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cd755fae61d170b8f18958d15acaaea8", "text": "New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands . After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City . New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec025934f7b12544107f62d4739ef0a8", "text": "19th New York State Legislature The 19th New York State Legislature , consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly , met from January 6 to April 11 , 1796 , during the first year of John Jay 's governorship , in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df4ab110cfce21a310349bf653859223", "text": "Great Fire of New York (1776) The Great Fire of New York was a devastating fire that burned through the night of September 20 -- 21 , 1776 and into the morning of September 21 , on the West Side of what then constituted New York City at the southern end of the island of Manhattan . It broke out in the early days of the military occupation of the city by British forces during the American Revolutionary War . The fire destroyed about one third of the city and some unburned parts of the city were plundered . Many people believed or assumed that one or more people deliberately started the fire , for a variety of different reasons . British leaders accused revolutionaries acting within the city and state , and many residents assumed that one side or the other had started it . The fire had long-term effects on the British occupation of the city , which did not end until 1783 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "400608b302763faf059c7ce7256b91f0", "text": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is a Latin Catholic archdiocese in New York State . It encompasses the boroughs of Manhattan , the Bronx and Staten Island in New York City and the Counties of Dutchess , Orange , Putnam , Rockland , Sullivan , Ulster , and Westchester in New York . The Archdiocese of New York is the second-largest diocese in the United States , encompassing 296 parishes that serve around 2.8 million Catholics in addition to hundreds of Catholic schools , hospitals and charities . The Archdiocese also operates the well-known St. Joseph 's Seminary , commonly referred to as Dunwoodie . The Archdiocese of New York is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of New York which includes the suffragan dioceses of Albany , Brooklyn , Buffalo , Ogdensburg , Rochester , Rockville Centre and Syracuse . The Latin name of the archdiocese is Archidioecesis Neo-Eboracensis ( Eboracum being the Roman name of York , England ) , and the corporate name is Archdiocese of New York . It publishes a bi-weekly newspaper , Catholic New York , the largest of its kind in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f91e93ce0ac25bb4376534f2af933a", "text": "Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025677880d2d429b6353950425ad95c9", "text": "Ogdensburg, New York Ogdensburg is a city in St. Lawrence County , New York , United States . The population was 11,128 at the 2010 census . In the late 18th century , European-American settlers named the community after American land owner and developer Samuel Ogden . The city is commonly referred to as `` Burg Grind '' by many of its citizens ( Nolan Rufa , The Epitome of Ogdensburg , July 15th , 2016 ) . The City of Ogdensburg is at the northern border of New York at the mouth of the Oswegatchie River on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River . The only formally designated city in Saint Lawrence County , it is located between Massena , New York to the east and Brockville , Ontario to the west . The Port of Ogdensburg is the only U.S. port on the St. Lawrence Seaway . Ogdensburg International Airport is located south of the city . The Ogdensburg -- Prescott International Bridge , northeast of the city , links the United States and Canada , with a direct highway from Prescott to Ottawa , the capital of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8a2da7d2c76af7c1b05c8dc7c9e959", "text": "History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans . Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy . Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 . Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction . Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights . The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year . After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater . The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower . After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af31ebac68c687b708e9d783d429cba4", "text": "New York City draft riots The New York draft riots ( July 13 -- 16 , 1863 ) , known at the time as Draft Week , were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan , widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War . The riots remain the largest civil and racial insurrection in American history , aside from the Civil War itself . U.S. President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city . The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men , who resented that wealthier men , who could afford to pay a $ 300 ( equivalent to $ 9,157 in 2017 ) commutation fee to hire a substitute , were spared from the draft . Initially intended to express anger at the draft , the protests turned into a race riot , with white rioters , predominantly Irish immigrants , attacking blacks throughout the city . The official death toll was listed at either 119 or 120 individuals . Conditions in the city were such that Major General John E. Wool , commander of the Department of the East , said on July 16 that `` Martial law ought to be proclaimed , but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it . '' The military did not reach the city until after the first day of rioting , by which time the mobs , primarily ethnic Irish , had already ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings , two Protestant churches , the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers , many black homes , and the Colored Orphan Asylum at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue , which was burned to the ground . The area 's demographics changed as a result of the riot . Many blacks left Manhattan permanently ( many moving to Brooklyn ) . By 1865 their population fell below 10,000 , the number in 1820 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310537071392907853423c7c5ec56c8e", "text": "Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same . As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8de33acf8618dfa251005ef21103d79", "text": "Indian barrier state thumb | 300px | Old Northwest ; the 1792 version included a strip along New York 's northern border The Indian barrier state or buffer state was a British proposal to establish a Native American state in the portion of the Great Lakes region of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains , and bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the Great Lakes . The concept of establishing such a state , first conceived in the late 1750s , was part of a long-term plan to reconcile the Indian tribes to British rule and diminish hostilities between the tribes and the British Army following its victory in the French and Indian War . After the region was assigned to the United States in the 1783 treaty ending the American Revolutionary War , British officials pursued efforts to organize the various tribes within it into a sort of Confederation that would form the basis of an Indian state , independent of the United States and under their tutelage , as a way to protect their fur trade ventures in the region and to block anticipated American attacks upon their remaining North American possessions . The idea of establishing an Indian barrier state in the Great Lakes region was conceived and developed solely by British officials ; Indian tribal leaders had no role in it . Among the plan 's most ardent proponents was John Graves Simcoe , Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada ( now Ontario ) from 1791 until 1796 . In 1814 the British government abandoned efforts to bring such a state into being .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd0c0d30256ae1820d20a69a26f39a3", "text": "Independence Hall Independence Hall is the building where both the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted . It is now the centerpiece of the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature ( later Pennsylvania State House ) for the Province of Pennsylvania . It became the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787 . A convention held in Independence Hall in 1915 , presided over by former US president William Howard Taft , marked the formal announcement of the formation of the League to Enforce Peace , which led to the League of Nations and eventually the United Nations . The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8807bfa2aab2f338a3f3844b20bf6f1c", "text": "New York Guard The New York Guard '' ' is the state defense force of New York State , also called The New York State Military Reserve . , the New York Guard , a recognized command under the New York State 's Military law , has line-item funding in the state budget . Now with a unified command structure , formerly the organization contained an Army Division and an Air Division . The missions of the New York Guard include augmentation , assistance , and support of the New York Army National Guard and New York Air National Guard respectively and aide to civil authorities in New York State . New York also has a New York Naval Militia which , with the State Guard and the Army and Air National Guards , is under the command of the Governor of New York , the Adjutant General of New York , and the Division of Military and Naval Affairs ( DMNA ) . The New York Guard is one of the largest and best organized State Guards in the United States . It is historically derived from Revolutionary and Civil War era state military units that were reorganized several times in American history in response to various international and domestic crises . Organized under the Military Law , State of New York , the New York Guard can not be federalized and can not be deployed outside New York State without the consent of the governor . Members of the New York Guard are entitled to many of the benefits accorded members of other components of the ` Organized Militia of the State of New York , ' the legal collective term describing the New York Army and Air National Guards , New York Naval Militia and New York Guard . These include ` military leave ' for employees of state or local governments and many private employers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c69a98d144a1ba8c880c96cd3b976e6e", "text": "Mexico City Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Ciudad de México , -LSB- sjuˈða ðe ˈmexiko -RSB- ; abbreviated as `` CDMX '' ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . As an `` alpha '' global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2240 m . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ) . The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1485 km2 . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the Greater Mexico City population is 21.2 million people , making it the second-largest metropolitan area of the western hemisphere , behind New York City , the tenth-largest agglomeration , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of US$ 411 billion in 2011 , making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8 % of Mexico 's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22 % of total national GDP . As a stand-alone country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America -- five times as large as Costa Rica 's and about the same size as Peru 's . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians ( Native Americans ) , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the federal district was created in 1824 . After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997 . Ever since , the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) has controlled both of them . In recent years , the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies , such as abortion on request , a limited form of euthanasia , no-fault divorce , and same-sex marriage . On January 29 , 2016 , it ceased to be called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , as the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0dc29f992fa7fb15113fa19eaaed4d", "text": "America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams . During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "676e88a8d7840f2632dbf7c9f55a6a50", "text": "Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries . According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba18b2c9b915c66d51a32ffbe5d2704", "text": "Old City Hall (Philadelphia) Old City Hall located at Chestnut Street at 5th Street in the Independence Hall complex of Independence National Historical Park in Center City , Philadelphia , was built in 1790-91 in the Federal style . The architect was David Evans , Jr. . Although originally intended as Philadelphia 's City Hall , it served as the home of the U.S. Supreme Court from completion of its construction in 1791 until 1800 , when the national capital was moved to Washington , D.C. Afterward , the building continued to serve as Philadelphia 's City Hall until 1854 . It is a contributing property to Independence National Historical Park . The owner is the City of Philadelphia , which leases the building to the National Park Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b58813390a70df8fac722e7eb592e0", "text": "Courts of New York Courts of New York include : State courts of New York New York Court of Appeals New York Supreme Court , Appellate Division ( 4 departments ) New York Supreme Court ( 13 judicial districts ) New York County Court ( 57 courts , one for each county outside New York City ) New York Surrogate 's Court New York Family Court New York Court of Claims New York city courts New York City Criminal Court New York City Civil Court New York town and village courts Federal courts located in New York United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ( headquartered in Manhattan , having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Connecticut , New York , and Vermont ) United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York United States District Court for the Northern District of New York United States District Court for the Southern District of New York United States District Court for the Western District of New York United States Court of International Trade ( headquartered in New York City ) Former federal courts of New York United States District Court for the District of New York ( extinct , subdivided )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a11b067c091304a22beee8464a854be", "text": "New York Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System . ( Its Appellate Division is also the highest intermediate appellate court . ) It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction , although outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction , with most criminal matters handled in County Court . There is a branch of the New York Supreme Court in each of New York 's 62 counties . Unlike in most other states , the Supreme Court is a trial court and is not the highest court in the state . The highest court of the State of New York is the Court of Appeals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3307225e714b3af9d71cfa179918e9c3", "text": "Ozzy Osbourne John Michael `` Ozzy '' Osbourne ( born 3 December 1948 ) is an English singer , songwriter , and actor . He rose to prominence in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath . He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a successful solo career , releasing 11 studio albums , the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US . Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions , recording the album 13 in 2013 . His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of `` Godfather of Heavy Metal '' . Osbourne 's total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath , combined with his solo work , is over 100 million . As a member of Black Sabbath , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , and he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as a solo artist and as a member of the band . Possessing a distinctive singing voice and as a native of Birmingham , Osbourne is known for his strong Brummie accent -- he has a star on the Birmingham Walk of Stars in his hometown as well as the Hollywood Walk of Fame . At the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards , he received the Global Icon Award . In the early 2000s , Osbourne became a reality television star , appearing as himself in the MTV reality show The Osbournes , alongside wife and manager Sharon and two of their three children , Kelly and Jack . Osbourne appeared with son Jack in the 2016 worldwide travelogue docuseries Ozzy & Jack 's World Detour .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "54d6b22c96590a434f65fa71434d1170", "text": "Steve Schofield Steve Schofield is a British photographer . He is primarily known for his portraits , especially his narrative portrait style of photography . Some of his photographs of actors , musicians , and writers are included in the London National Portrait Gallery 's permanent collection , whilst his body of work titled `` Land of The Free '' and several other exhibits have been shown in galleries and art festivals throughout Europe . In 2007 , The Times listed Schofield as one of five young artists to watch . He was selected for the group show `` Fresh Faced and Wide Eyed '' at The Photographers ' Gallery in London in 2008 . In 2012 , he was commissioned by The Photographers ' Gallery to produce a piece of work in honor of London 's hosting of the 2012 Olympics . Robert Clark , art critic at The Guardian , said in a review of the exhibition `` Hotel '' that Schofield `` is one of the most promising young photo artists around . He has an unusual eye for the telling pose , the dramas enticingly hidden by a shadow , the social psychology that is hinted at by compositional tension . '' Schofield 's subjects , covering a range of actors , musicians , artists , and other public figures , have included Adam Driver for Vogue magazine , Alec Baldwin for the cover of New York magazine , Ozzy Osbourne for The Times , Nick Cave for the cover of Rolling Stone , and the cast of Orange Is the New Black for the magazine of the Emmy Awards . The result was the magazine 's first tri-fold cover . Schofield studied at the University of Derby and London College of Communication ( formerly the London College of Printing ) . He is based in the United States and Europe , and he speaks at colleges and universities about his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8073b784161a3debbc0351a825863e99", "text": "Sable Starr Sable Starr ( born Sable Hay Shields ; August 15 , 1957 -- April 18 , 2009 ) was a noted American groupie , often described as the `` queen of the groupie scene '' in Los Angeles during the early 1970s . She admitted during an interview published in the June 1973 edition of Star Magazine that she was closely acquainted with Iggy Pop , Mick Jagger , Rod Stewart , Alice Cooper , David Bowie , and Marc Bolan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fab0b516a8276dc0d57292cbd4a9ca4d", "text": "Mo Awards The Mo Awards , technically the `` Australian Variety Artists Mo Awards '' are long-running annual Australian entertainment industry awards . They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc43efc627d15ca2474ad247442bf2c", "text": "Minnesota Walk of Fame The Minnesota Walk of Fame is a landmark in Minneapolis , Minnesota , which recognizes entertainers who are originally from Minnesota . It is modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and located on the sidewalk in front of the State Theatre , on the south side of Hennepin Avenue , between south 8th and 9th streets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75e7c02b7d12c05ee9c99a1158241d0", "text": "National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame The National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame and Museum was founded in 1973 to honor and recognize outstanding American athletes , both amateur and professional , of Polish descent . The hall is located in Orchard Lake Village , Michigan . Each year , inductees are elected in a nationwide vote among NPASHOF officers , Hall of Fame inductees and more than 500 members of the Sports Panel Council . With 128 inductees , the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame has an outstanding collection of historic artifacts on display at the American Polish Cultural Center in Troy , Michigan . Stan Musial , the first inductee , is represented with items worthy of being in Cooperstown . Visitors can also see uniforms worn by greats such as Steve Gromek , Carol Blazejowski , Mark Fidrych and Ed Olczyk ; the boxing gloves used by 1940s heavyweight champion Tony Zale ; basketballs , baseballs , footballs , and bowling balls used and signed by Mike Krzyzewski , Whitey Kurowski , Ted Marchibroda , and Eddie Lubanski . Among other items is a football signed by Bob Skoronski , Vince Lombardi and other members of the 1967 Super Bowl I Champion Green Bay Packers . The National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame will hold its 45th Annual Induction Banquet on June 22 , 2017 , inducting Steve Javie , Gary Kubiak , Juliene Simpson and Janusz Bednarski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "981372b4a52367e12c50f921ba0eb1e6", "text": "Walk the Moon discography American rock and roll band Walk the Moon has released three studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , six extended plays , five singles , and five music videos . Walk the Moon was formed in 2006 in Cincinnati , Ohio as Wicked in the Mix , originally consisting of Nicholas Petricca , Adam Reifsnyder , Sam Cole and Ricky Human , the former two having attended Kenyon College together . The group 's first EP , entitled The Anthem , would be released later that same year in March . The band 's lineup would begin to go through several different member changes throughout the next three years , leaving Petricca as the only member from the original group . The band self released their first studio album I Want ! I Want ! in November 2010 . In 2011 , a final lineup change was formed with bassist Kevin Ray , drummer Sean Waugaman , and guitarist Eli Maiman . Walk the Moon signed with RCA Records to release their first major-label album , self-titled Walk the Moon , many of which are re-recordings of the songs from I Want ! I Want ! . On its release in June 2012 , the album entered the top forty on the Billboard 200 , debuting at number 36 . The band 's first single from that album , `` Anna Sun '' , peaked at number ten on Billboard 's Alternative Songs chart . The second single , `` Tightrope '' , had moderate success on the Alternative Songs chart , peaking at number fifteen . Walk the Moon 's third studio album , Talking Is Hard , was released in November 2014 . The album reached number 14 on the Billboard 200 , making it Walk the Moon 's first album to reach the top twenty , and has since been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Its lead single , `` Shut Up and Dance '' , was a commercial success worldwide . It peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 , and topped the Alternative Songs chart for four consecutive weeks . The album 's opening track , `` Different Colors '' , impacted alternative radio stations in May 2015 and was released as the next single from Talking Is Hard . The song became Walk the Moon 's second consecutive top ten hit on the Alternative Songs chart , peaking at number seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604ea5f922ee9ae84063345ea4fc2310", "text": "Animal House (U.D.O. album) Animal House is the first album by U.D.O. after Udo Dirkschneider 's departure from Accept . It was recorded August -- October 1987 at Dierks Studios , Cologne . Released in 1987 , it charted at # 41 in Sweden . The performance of the song `` Lay Down the Law '' is credited to Accept and U.D.O. . Pulheimer Kinder - und Jugendchor contribute vocals to `` They Want War '' . In some releases a picture of the tour band including Dieter Rubach and Andy Susemihl was shown in the booklet . The album cover shows the line-up that recorded the album . An `` Animal House '' Tour followed in early 1988 . During this time they also toured with Guns N ' Roses , Lita Ford and Zodiac Mindwarp . After Rubach left the band , they supported Ozzy Osbourne on all European dates in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "502bb104646d183884d169905b0a2a48", "text": "Ozzy Osbourne discography The solo discography of Ozzy Osbourne , an English heavy metal singer , currently consists of eleven studio albums , four live albums , six compilation albums , three extended plays ( EPs ) , eight video albums , and thirty-three singles . As a solo artist , Ozzy Osbourne has sold over 55 million albums worldwide , and over 100 million worldwide when including his work with Black Sabbath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d1fa10f0db494a3c53824a41a6098a", "text": "John Safran's Music Jamboree John Safran 's Music Jamboree ( or just Music Jamboree ) was a light-hearted Australian music documentary television series , hosted by John Safran for SBS television . The program was produced by Richard Lowenstein , Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures and directed by Craig Melville , Richard Lowenstein and a number of other directors under the production company Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions in association with SBS Independent . It screened in 2002 , and consisted of sketches and outlandish public stunts , typical of Safran 's work . The series won two Australian Film Institute Awards ; `` Best Comedy Series '' and `` Most Innovative Program Concept '' . SBS followed the series up with the similarly styled John Safran vs. God in 2004 . An infamous stunt of the series was sneaking nine friends into an exclusive Melbourne nightclub by dressing them up as the masked American metal band , Slipknot . The producers arranged entry for the impostors by pretending to be an American management company over the phone . Other stunts included disguising himself as well known entertainers such as Ozzy Osbourne and Prince to harass the public , sketch versions of music videos such as Eminem , the creation of Jew Town , a Jewish boy band to compete with Christian pop , and returning to Yeshivah College to pay homage to Kevin Bacon in Footloose . He also details his time in the hip-hop group Raspberry Cordial , and the related incident in which he met the Beastie Boys and the band 's former DJ attempted to steal his girlfriend at the time . A regular segment on the series was `` The Music Mole '' . In this segment a person dressed in a large mole costume ( much like a mascot ) was interviewed by Safran . The person was reported to be an insider ( i.e. a mole ) in the music industry who would reveal little known , often controversial facts about both the Australian and international music industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06abd001f67147bbe0ff06a9897e34ae", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death . The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work . The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress . A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747468ee07a179582f0fdbe7ada3f949", "text": "The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums . After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04fe29c734fc9e59c941d3196d63f750", "text": "Ozzie Yue Austin J. `` Ozzie '' Yue ( born 12 August 1947 ) is an English actor , guitarist and singer . He is most noted for his roles in television programmes such as Father Ted , All Quiet on the Preston Front and Coronation Street as well as for roles in films such as Lara Croft : Tomb Raider , Syriana and Nuns on the Run . In the 1960s Yue was guitarist with Merseybeat group the Hideaways and later for the 1970s group Supercharge ; today he has his own band , `` Yue Who '' , and in 2008 starred in the title role in Kensuke 's Kingdom , a theatre production which has toured the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa953bad38bca1fbf0fe3cb22da64299", "text": "Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music . The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change . The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c27ef1de814184f91e17e180389cf75", "text": "Backstage pass A backstage pass is an employee pass which allows its bearer access to employees-only areas at a performance venue . They are most commonly associated with rock music groups . Such passes are usually a laminated paper worn on a lanyard , or on chain link or key chain holder at the belt , or a simpler `` stick-on '' applied to one 's clothing . Plastic or paper wristbands may also be used . However , some elaborately designed backstage passes have been used by Bill Graham Productions/Winterland , Beaver Productions and many other regional and local promoters . To deter counterfeiting , passes often include holograms or color-shifting properties . At any one concert or event there are about 200 to 400 backstage passes available . Again , mainly these are for the performers , stage crews , roadies , security guards , performer 's agents . Sometimes relatives or close friends of performers , stage crew , promoters , etc. . will get backstage passes to concerts . Some venues ( including the House of Blues venues and Irving Plaza in New York ) require their own passes to be worn , even by laminate holders for the tour . Large music festivals , such as Ozzfest and the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival also usually issue their own passes . Backstage passes sometimes become memorabilia sold to die-hard fans , especially when the pass is signed by a performer . In media , the term `` Backstage Pass '' may be used to signify the presence of expanded coverage of certain musical groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "961c0efab605e9058a2b0f0ad0d828b7", "text": "No One Here Gets Out Alive No One Here Gets Out Alive ( 1980 ) was the first biography of Jim Morrison , lead singer and lyricist of the L.A. rock band The Doors , written nearly a decade after Morrison 's death by journalist Jerry Hopkins , with `` insider '' information added by Danny Sugerman . Hopkins had done an extensive interview with Morrison before his death , but his first manuscript was rejected by major publishers . Sugerman began working as an assistant in the Doors office at the age of 13 , and became their manager after Morrison died ( replacing Bill Siddons ) . A companion video was made featuring interviews with The Doors members , Hopkins , Sugerman , and Paul Rothchild among others . It includes some rare footage , and was the first video released by the band . It helped rekindle interest in the Doors by allowing fans that were too young , or unable to remember , to see The Doors in action . Taking its title from the Doors song `` Five to One '' , the book is divided into three sections : The Bow is Drawn , The Arrow Flies and The Arrow Falls , for the early years of his life , his rise to fame with the Doors and his final years and death , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e1c0de9bc428c0d7b0320614e3d431d", "text": "Oppenstein Brothers Memorial Park Oppenstein Brothers Memorial Park is an urban park located in the heart of Kansas City , Missouri 's , Central business district , located at the northeast corner of 12th and Walnut Streets . Some notable buildings in the surrounding area are One Kansas City Place , Town Pavilion , and the 1010 Grand Building . The park is often visited by businesspeople of the many surrounding buildings on lunch and coffee breaks . Oppenstein Brothers Memorial Park was dedicated in 1981 and is named for the Oppenstein Brothers , who operated a retail jewelry business in Kansas City and were active in the community , and who are the namesakes of the Oppenstein Brothers Foundation , a Kansas City charitable organization established in 1975 . The park was formerly the home to the Rain Thicket Fountain by William Conrad Severson and Saunders Schultz . Also dedicated in 1981 , this was an abstract sculpture in a stylized tree-like form with wind-moved limbs which shot , dripped , and bubbled water , creating mists and rainbows . The park was redesigned and rebuilt in 2006-2008 , with a rededication on April 18 , 2008 . This project was commissioned by the Art in the Loop Foundation , with design by Kansas City artist Laura DeAngelis and architect Dominique Davison . The new concept was named `` Celestial Flyways '' and was intended to celebrate the natural environment of the Kansas City area . The centerpiece of the new design is an interactive anaphoric star disc , an astronomical machine based on the anaphoric clock of antiquity . It is probably the largest and most accurate anaphoric star disc ever made . Park visitors can rotate the star disk to a display the stars for a given date and time with a motor operated by buttons on the base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dac7ae36b2f09e641e23006b305d430", "text": "Land of Oz (theme park) The Land of Oz is currently a private property located in the resort town of Beech Mountain , North Carolina , USA . It was opened in 1970 by Carolina Caribbean Corporation under the guidance of Grover Robbins , who had been successful with Tweetsie Railroad , and designed by Jack Pentes . It was fully operational until 1980 . It now opens for Fridays in June for `` Journey with Dorothy Tours '' and in September for Autumn at Oz - the largest festival in the area . Visitors would start off in Kansas , `` experience '' the tornado which struck Dorothy 's house , and walk down the Yellow Brick Road to visit with the Scarecrow , Tin Woodman , the Cowardly Lion and the Wicked Witch of the West . The Emerald City consisted of gift shops and an ampi-theater that the Magic Moment Show would be staged on every half hour . An artificial balloon ride , a specially modified ski lift installed by Goforth Brothers , allowed visitors to get a bird 's - eye view of the park and mountain scenery before leaving Oz . A small museum showcased props and costumes from the film . These were jointly bought by the park and Debbie Reynolds from MGM . The musical score sung by the characters on the Yellow Brick Road and at Emerald City was composed by notables Alec Wilder and North Carolina native Loonis McGlohon ( with the exception of E.Y. Harburg and Harold Arlen 's `` Over the Rainbow '' for which rights were obtained to integrate into the Emerald City show ) . A video and display of The Land of Oz were on exhibit at the Appalachian Cultural Museum , part of Appalachian State University , in Boone , North Carolina but the museum closed and the artifacts were returned to the park .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "560636d1d6314ea5b46feffe5fc41280", "text": "Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas ( born June 23 , 1948 ) is an American judge , lawyer , and government official who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . Thomas succeeded Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the court . Thomas grew up in Savannah , Georgia , and was educated at the College of the Holy Cross and at Yale Law School . In 1974 , he was appointed an Assistant Attorney General in Missouri and subsequently practiced law there in the private sector . In 1979 , he became a legislative assistant to Senator John Danforth ( R-MO ) and in 1981 was appointed Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education . In 1982 , President Ronald Reagan appointed Thomas Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ) . In 1990 , President George H. W. Bush nominated Thomas for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit . He served in that role for 16 months and on July 1 , 1991 , was nominated by Bush to fill Marshall 's seat on the United States Supreme Court . Thomas 's confirmation hearings were bitter and intensely fought , centering on an accusation that he had sexually harassed attorney Anita Hill , a subordinate at the Department of Education and subsequently at the EEOC . The U.S. Senate ultimately confirmed Thomas by a vote of 52 -- 48 . Since joining the court , Thomas has taken a textualist approach , seeking to uphold the original meaning of the United States Constitution and statutes . He is generally viewed as the most conservative member of the court . Thomas is also known for his practice of rarely speaking during oral arguments .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f", "text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e162c33874bf4f2164b94a9acd2b0bec", "text": "Thomasville, Georgia Thomasville is the county seat of Thomas County , Georgia , United States . The city is the second largest in Southwest Georgia after Albany . The city deems itself the City of Roses and holds an annual Rose Festival . The city features plantations open to the public , a historic downtown , a large farmer 's market , and a 308-year-old oak tree at the corner of Monroe and Crawford streets . The population was 19,340 at the 2013 census . In 2016 , Thomasville was featured as the second best historic small town on USA Today 's 10 Best List Reader 's Choice after Bisbee ( Arizona ) but ahead of Abingdon ( Virginia ) , Mackinac Island ( Michigan ) , and Astoria ( Oregon ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81a354e74ef7f674225f510cc3891b2a", "text": "Coastal State Prison Coastal State Prison is a Georgia Department of Corrections medium-security state prison located in Savannah , near Garden City . The facility houses adult male felons and has a capacity of 1836 . It was constructed and opened in 1981 and later renovated in 1999 . The prison consists of twelve housing units . Six units contain 36 cells each , divided into 12 two-man cells and 24 four-man cells . Four units have open bay dormitories totaling 846 beds . One unit with 184 beds houses 92 Faith and Character inmates and 92 Incentive Inmates . The prison includes a 74-bed segregation unit and a 12-bed infirmary . This facility also houses an abbreviated diagnostic unit , and a tactical squad . Most recent notable inmate is Burrell Ellis , former CEO of Dekalb County , GA , convicted of perjury and sentenced to 5 years to serve 18 months on 7/8/2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de122bbe3802c60f8fea3fd2d2c15cc5", "text": "Gene & Debbe Gene and Debbe were a pseudo-pop/country duo hailing from Nashville , Tennessee . They had some brief successes on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . Gene Thomas ( born Gene Thomasson on 28 December 1937 , Palestine , Texas , died 26 August 2012 in Fredericksburg , Texas ) and had some minor success in the early 1960s with the songs `` Sometime '' and `` Baby 's Gone '' . After the latter , he dabbled in writing music for a few years . His songs have been performed or covered by numerous other country singers including Waylon Jennings , Kenny Rogers and Everly Brothers as well as Tina Turner ! the . After a few years , Gene met with aspiring crooner , Debbe Neville , ( or Nevills as some sources say ) . In an Everly Brothers style of harmonizing , they launched a career at Acuff-Rose music , singing romantic country style pop melodies . They were signed to a recording contract with the subsidiary of Hickory Records ( Sue Thompson , Don Gibson , The Newbeats etc. ) , TRX , where they recorded their two biggest hits , `` Go With Me '' and `` Playboy '' . The latter had an eventual combined sales figure of one million discs being awarded a gold record in June 1968 . After hitting the charts with `` Playboy '' at No. 17 , they both faded into chart ( but not musical ) obscurity . The couple produced one album Hear and Now ( catalogue number TRX LPS 1001 ) in 1968 , which is a rarity to find . It contains the single `` Playboy '' . Gene Thomas died on August 26 , 2012 of lung cancer at the age of 74 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7bd353dfd1d64fd396ce66f4569eb3", "text": "Charlie Thomas (musician) Charlie Thomas ( born 7 April 1937 in Lynchburg , Virginia ) is an American rhythm and blues singer best known for his work with The Drifters . Thomas was performing with The Five Crowns at the Apollo Theater in 1958 when George Treadwell fired his group , called The Drifters . Treadwell recruited the Five Crowns to become the new Drifters . The new Drifters ' first release was the 1959 hit `` There Goes My Baby '' . Charlie was lead singer on two of the group 's top 40 hits , `` Sweets For My Sweet '' and `` When My Little Girl Is Smiling '' . He is the father of Charles `` Happy '' Thomas Jr. and grandfather to hip-hop producer Charlie `` Bambu '' Thomas Charlie Thomas was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and was given a Pioneer Award by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1999 . On May 21 , 2011 , in Cranston , R.I. - Charlie Thomas and The Drifters performed at the Vintage New England Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c31c317b5d2fe93360c6f525574b525", "text": "Columbus and Western Railway The Columbus and Western Railway ( C&W ) is a historic railroad that operated in Georgia , United States . Organized in 1880 , the C&W was founded to connect Columbus , Georgia , to Birmingham , Alabama . The same year , the C&W started out by purchasing the Savannah and Memphis Railroad , which ran 66 mi between Opelika and Goodwater , Alabama . Two years later , it purchased a 55 mi branch of the Western Railroad of Alabama that ran from Columbus to Opelika . In 1888 , the C&W constructed the final leg of the line from Goodwater to Birmingham . Later that year it was merged into the Savannah and Western Railroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e9fec31f0e7f40e49801ca1c894b5d5", "text": "Butch Cage and Willie B. Thomas James `` Butch '' Cage ( born March 16 , 1894 - 1975 ) and Willie B. Thomas ( born May 25 , 1912 - ? ) were an American blues duo active from the 1940s to the early 1970s . Cage and Thomas were discovered in 1959 by musicologist Harry Oster , who promoted the two at the Newport Music Festival . Field recording with the duo conducted in the following year are praised for upholding pre-blues string band tradition . Cage 's first instrument was a cane fife , though later on he became a credible guitarist and an even more accomplished fiddle player . As a result of the destruction caused by the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927 , Cage settled in Zachary , Louisiana to work in a manufacturing factory and perform at social gatherings . Thomas was a factory janitor when he met Cage and previously worked as a waterboy . When he and his family moved to Zachary in 1925 , Thomas was crushed by fallen furniture , causing a back injury which permanently disabled him and stunted his growth . Thomas accompanied Cage with vocals and the kazoo for years before learning to play guitar . Playing as a duo and in string bands at social gatherings and church services , the two were discovered by musicologist Harry Oster in 1959 . Cage and Thomas engaged in a set of field recordings with Oster , making them a rare exception among the Baton Rouge area musicians of string band tradition who went largely unrecorded . Fourteen of the duo 's cuts appear on the 1961 album Country Negro Jam Sessions , which also features tracks by Robert Pete Williams , a guitarist who occasionally performed with Cage and Thomas . Oster thought highly of Cage , describing him as `` a great representative of the now virtually extinct nineteenth century negro fiddle tradition '' . In 1960 , Cage and Thomas performed at the Newport Music Festival , while being positively received by an audience that for the most part never heard the duo 's style of music . They continued to play together until Cage 's death in Zachary , in 1975 . Their recordings were also released on Raise a Ruckus Tonight and Old Time Black Southern String Band Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8dc8ec79c2654bab2fb0d9f83737160", "text": "Clarence Benjamin Jones Clarence B. Jones ( born January 8 , 1931 ) is the former personal counsel , advisor , draft speech writer and close friend of Martin Luther King Jr. . He is a Scholar in Residence at the Martin Luther King , Jr. . Institute at Stanford University . He is the author of What Would Martin Say ? ( HarperCollins , 2008 ) and `` Behind the Dream : The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation '' ( Palgrave-Macmillan , 2011 ) In 1962 , Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter recommending his lawyer and advisor , Clarence B. Jones , to the New York State Bar , stating : `` Ever since I have known Mr. Jones , I have always seen him as a man of sound judgment , deep insights , and great dedication . I am also convinced that he is a man of great integrity '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fed95c57c1f62e23de6506e230b6a6e", "text": "Thomasville High Scholars Academy The Thomasville High Scholars Academy is a `` school within a school '' established in 2006 at Thomasville High School in Thomasville , Georgia , United States . The academy provides enrichment courses including honors and AP courses to academically advanced students . It is also an International Baccalaureate School as of the 2013-2014 sessions . Students must apply and be accepted into the Scholars Academy . The academy 's facilities include a computer lab and two science labs . The school offers an online newspaper and an Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps ( AFJROTC ) . As Academy students are also Thomasville High School students , they may participate in all Thomasville High School sports teams . The academy offers classes for students in grades six through twelve . Its current director is Dr. Dale Graham . Category : Public high schools in Georgia ( U.S. state ) Category : Educational institutions established in 2006 Category : Schools in Thomas County , Georgia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b88230f618d57a705f76f23e29a7c31", "text": "Coastal Transitional Center Coastal Transitional Center is a minimum security prison located in Savannah , Georgia in Chatham County , Georgia . The facility houses adult male felons ; the capacity is 200 . It was constructed in 1940 and was renovated in 2003 . It has 44 living units ranging in size from four to 12 beds . The mission of Coastal Transitional Center is to protect the community while assisting residents in making a successful transition back into society . It provides social and employment skills in a structured environment . Coastal State Prison , located in Garden City , Georgia , is the host facility for the transitional center . The transitional center features long-term maintenance residents assigned as permanent workers in Food Service , Maintenance , Lawn Care , Laundry Services , Sanitation , Barbering , and details for other government facilities , while the remaining residents participate in the work release program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fce7d4d3d41ae0019b0af33b4767753c", "text": "W. W. Law Westley Wallace Law ( January 1 , 1923 -- July 29 , 2002 ) was a civil rights leader from Savannah , Georgia . He was president of the Savannah chapter of the NAACP , where he led his community and made great strides in desegregation through nonviolent resistance from 1950 to 1976 . After his time with the NAACP W. W. Law spent much of the rest of his life advocating for African-American history and culture in Savannah . To this end he established the Savannah-Yamacraw Branch of the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History , the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum , the King-Tisdell Cottage Museum , the Beach Institute of African American Culture , and the Negro Heritage Trail Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86179c3d1a8e04812edd0728eaf1fb5a", "text": "Clarence Kay Clarence Hubert Kay ( born July 30 , 1961 in Seneca , South Carolina ) is a former professional American football player . A 6 ' 2 '' , 237-lb . tight end from the University of Georgia , Kay was selected by the Denver Broncos in the 7th round of the 1984 NFL Draft . Kay played in 9 NFL seasons from 1984 -- 1992 , all with the Broncos . Between 1984 and 2006 Kay was arrested at least 12 times . In 2006 Kay pleaded guilty to harassment from domestic violence , and was sentenced to six months imprisonment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d588db3b26a42976a2de3d807a949ea1", "text": "Tom Sullivan (radio and television personality) Tom Sullivan is an Atlanta , Georgia radio and television personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70480591f269e0fd19e6b4a4c226c49", "text": "Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast . From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast . In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfe8509d0dc04df2cfec0137416f8fac", "text": "Thomas B. Wells Thomas B. Wells ( born Ohio , 1945 ) is a judge of the United States Tax Court . Wells received a B.S. from Miami University of Ohio in 1967 . He was a Supply Corps Officer on active duty in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1967 -- 1970 , stationed in Morocco and Vietnam , and received a Joint Service Commendation Medal . After leaving the military , Wells returned to school , earning a J.D. from Emory University Law School in 1973 , and an LL.M . in Taxation from New York University Law School in 1978 . Admitted to practice law in Georgia ; member of law firm of Graham and Wells , P.C. ; County Attorney for Toombs County , Georgia ; City Attorney , Vidalia , Georgia , until 1977 ; member of law firm of Hurt , Richardson , Garner , Todd and Cadenhead , Atlanta , until 1981 ; law firm of Shearer and Wells , P.C. , until 1986 ; member of American Bar Association , Section of Taxation ; State Bar of Georgia , member of Board of Governors ; Board of Editors , Georgia State Bar Journal ; member Atlanta Bar Association ; Editor of the Atlanta Lawyer ; active in various tax organizations , such as Atlanta Tax Forum , presently , Honorary Member ; Director , Atlanta Estate Planning Council ; Director , North Atlanta Tax Council ; American College of Tax Counsel , Honorary Fellow ; Emory Law Alumni Association 's Distinguished Alumnus Award , 2001 ; Life Member , National Eagle Scout Association , Eagle Scout , 1960 . Member , Metropolitan Club ; Chevy Chase Club , Vidalia Kiwanis Club , President , recipient Distinguished President Award . Wells was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as Judge , United States Tax Court , on October 13 , 1986 , for a term ending October 12 , 2001 . He was reappointed by President George W. Bush on October 10 , 2001 , for a term ending October 9 , 2016 . He served as Chief Judge from September 24 , 1997 to November 6 , 1997 , and from June 1 , 2000 to May 31 , 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d66954b9e4018d159507f76eb142319", "text": "Tomochichi Federal Building and United States Courthouse The Tomochichi Federal Building and United States Courthouse is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia located in Savannah , Georgia . It was built between 1894 and 1899 , and substantially enlarged in 1932 . The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 , and was renamed in honor of the Creek Indian leader Tomochichi in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "270250372c4caef17c9be8d848d2f11f", "text": "Clarence Ashley Clarence `` Tom '' Ashley ( September 29 , 1895 -- June 2 , 1967 ) was an American musician and singer , who played the clawhammer banjo and the guitar . He began performing at medicine shows in the Southern Appalachian region as early as 1911 , and gained initial fame during the late 1920s as both a solo recording artist and as a member of various string bands . After his `` rediscovery '' during the folk revival of the 1960s , Ashley spent the last years of his life playing at folk music concerts , including appearances at Carnegie Hall in New York and at the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003c700fd14b1a9e6f06115e1692bd99", "text": "Bob Thomas (actor) Bob Thomas ( born March 1 , 1954 in Appalachia , Virginia ) is a radio personality , actor , and writer . He was one of the top radio announcers in Knoxville , Tennessee for 25 years . As an actor , he has appeared in many films and hundreds of commercials . He wrote two episodes of the popular TV show Lizzie McGuire . In 2004 , his voice was heard as `` Slammin ' Sammy '' in the film Friday Night Lights . He is the father of actor Jake Thomas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11018b391203b14f6fdb1c5c2bbd1a6", "text": "Ted Wright Stadium Ted Wright Stadium is a 8,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Savannah , Georgia . The facility is located on the campus of Savannah State University and is named in honor of Theodore Wright who served as the Tiger 's head football coach from 1947-1949 . The stadium is primarily used for American football and track and field . It is home to the Savannah State Tigers football and track and field teams , but occasionally hosts games and events by high schools in Chatham County . The facility opened in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "327124fcfcb65b163315b10f55ef7aa5", "text": "René Thomas (guitarist) René Thomas ( 25 February 1927 in Liège , Belgium -- 3 January 1975 , Santander , Spain ) was a jazz guitarist from Belgium . He began recording in 1943 with Hubert Simplisse et Son Ensemble . After World War II , he was a member of the Bop Shots with Jacques Pelzer and Bobby Jaspar , who remained a llifelong friend . In the early 1950s , he moved to Paris and became part of the modern jazz scene , playing in the style of Jimmy Raney that was popular at the time . In 1954 and 1956 , he recorded albums for Barclay Records and Polydor Records . His reputation as a virtuoso guitarist spread rapidly in the jazz world , though fame eluded him . In 1956 , he moved to Canada , where he played regularly for the Montreal Jazz Society and met Sonny Rollins . Rollins invited him to a concert in Philadelphia and to record the album Sonny Rollins and the Big Brass Trio . While in the U.S. , he played with Toshiko Akiyoshi and Bobby Jaspar and recorded with her on her 1958 album United Notions . In 1960 , he made his American debut as a leader with the album Guitar Groove . Returning to Europe in 1962 , he toured and recorded with Chet Baker , Bobby Jaspar , Kenny Clarke , Eddy Louiss , Stan Getz , Lucky Thompson , Sonny Criss , Jacques Pelzer , Lou Bennett , Charles `` Lolo '' Bellonzi and Ingfried Hoffmann . In 1971 , Stan Getz saw him and his group at the Blue Note in Paris and picked the three of them up , Thomas , organist Eddy Louiss and drummer Bernard Lubat , for a quartet date at Ronnie Scott 's in London . Recordings from three days of their sessions were captured by Beatles ' producer George Martin for the album Dynasty . Thomas died of a heart attack in Santander , Spain at the age of 47 on 3 January 1975 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "21cd520621d4886b2950d31be3bc4d43", "text": "Tina Fey Elizabeth Stamatina `` Tina '' Fey ( -LSB- feɪ -RSB- born May 18 , 1970 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 1998 -- today ) , for her impression of former Alaska Governor and 2008 Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin , and for creating acclaimed series 30 Rock ( 2006 -- 2013 ) and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015 -- present ) . She is also well known for writing and co-starring in the film Mean Girls ( 2004 ) , as well as appearing in such films as Baby Mama ( 2008 ) , Date Night ( 2010 ) , Muppets Most Wanted ( 2014 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) . Fey broke into comedy as a featured player in the Chicago-based improvisational comedy group The Second City . She then joined SNL as a writer , later becoming head writer and a performer , known for her position as co-anchor in the Weekend Update segment . In 2004 , she co-starred in and wrote the screenplay for Mean Girls , which was adapted from the 2002 self-help book Queen Bees and Wannabes . After leaving SNL in 2006 , she created the television series 30 Rock for Broadway Video , a situation comedy loosely based on her experiences at SNL . In the series , Fey portrays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series . In 2008 , she starred in the comedy film Baby Mama , alongside former SNL co-star Amy Poehler . Fey next appeared in the 2010 comedy film Date Night and the animated film Megamind . In 2015 , she created and produced the television series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt , originally for NBC and eventually for Netflix . Her other films include Sisters and Whiskey Tango Foxtrot . Fey has received nine Emmy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , five Screen Actors Guild Awards , and four Writers Guild of America Awards . Her autobiography Bossypants topped The New York Times Best Seller list for five weeks . In 2008 , the Associated Press gave Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on SNL . In 2010 , Fey was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor , becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the award . On January 13 , 2013 , Fey hosted the 70th Golden Globe Awards with her long-time friend and fellow comedian , Amy Poehler , to critical acclaim . The duo hosted again the following two years , generating the highest ratings for the annual ceremony in a decade and receiving similar acclaim .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d201ae0070a4ceda2ca760cdcce3240", "text": "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 The following is a list of recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced between September 25 , 2010 , and May 21 , 2011 , the thirty-sixth season of SNL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0e6b98d8aa0ba5ad7792d070a0a7e61", "text": "Tina Brown Tina Brown CBE ( born Christina Hambley Brown ; 21 November 1953 ) , is a journalist , magazine editor , columnist , talk-show host and author of The Diana Chronicles , a biography of Diana , Princess of Wales . Born a British citizen , she took United States citizenship in 2005 after emigrating in 1984 to edit Vanity Fair . She is legally titled Lady Evans . Having been editor-in-chief of Tatler magazine at the age of 25 , she rose to prominence in the American media industry as the editor of Vanity Fair from 1984 to 1992 and of The New Yorker from 1992 to 1998 . In 2000 she was appointed a CBE ( Commander of the Order of the British Empire ) for her services to overseas journalism , and in 2007 was inducted into the Magazine Editors ' Hall of Fame . As an editor , she has also been honored with four George Polk Awards , five Overseas Press Club awards , and ten National Magazine Awards . In October 2008 , she partnered with Barry Diller , chairman of IAC/InterActiveCorp , to found and edit The Daily Beast . Two years later , in November 2010 , The Daily Beast merged with the American weekly news magazine Newsweek in a joint venture to form The Newsweek Daily Beast Company . In September 2013 , Brown announced she would be leaving her position as editor-in-chief of The Daily Beast to launch Tina Brown Media and pen Media Beast , a memoir of her years in the media world , slated to be published in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90dca923c4213a98ef505b301e67b642", "text": "Tina Weymouth Martina Michèle `` Tina '' Weymouth ( born November 22 , 1950 ) is an American musician , best known as a founding member and bassist of the new wave group Talking Heads and its side project Tom Tom Club , which she co-founded with husband and Talking Heads drummer , Chris Frantz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d2257025108e2ffeae42729650760", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11 , 1986 , and May 23 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8638780b97bb4dfa47ae5d675930a97", "text": "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 1991–1992 The following is a list of recurring Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) characters and sketches introduced between September 28 , 1991 , and May 16 , 1992 , the seventeenth season of SNL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6221c3913589745db6b8e824a2dac4c", "text": "Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 . A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3123a1c34aba83e181a8f26abaedc362", "text": "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) `` Let 's Stay Together '' is the third episode of the fifth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock , and the 83rd overall episode of the series . It was directed by co-executive producer John Riggi and written by co-executive producer Jack Burditt . The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) network in the United States on October 7 , 2010 . Guest stars in this episode include John Amos , Todd Buonopane , Reg E. Cathey , Queen Latifah and Rob Reiner . In the episode , Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) must appear before Congress to discuss NBC 's merger with the fictitious company network KableTown ( a parody of Comcast ) . He hopes that he will charm celebrity members for the deal to go through , but one Congresswoman ( Latifah ) demands more diversity in the NBC programming lineup . As a result , Jack enlists Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) to come up with some new development ideas . Meanwhile , Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) , the head writer of the fictitious sketch show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan ( TGS ) is fed up with the criticism her writing staff gives her , and finally Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) helps Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) reapply in the competitive NBC page program . This episode of 30 Rock was generally , though not universally , well received among television critics . According to the Nielsen Media Research , it was watched by 4.90 million households during its original broadcast , and received a 2.1 rating/7 share among viewers in the 18 -- 49 demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d60e72b084587e5f0ef953ad7deebed", "text": "The Joan Rivers Show The Joan Rivers Show is an American talk show hosted by comedian Joan Rivers that premiered on September 5 , 1989 in broadcast syndication . The show aired for five seasons and ended on December 31 , 1993 . The show was nominated for numerous Emmy Awards , with Rivers winning the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host in 1990 . The series was produced by PGHM Productions , Joan Rivers 's production company , and distributed by Tribune Entertainment . Rivers had previously hosted late-night talk show entitled The Late Show with Joan Rivers which got canceled in May 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3712140d83b1c3dbe39ef89453aff99", "text": "Tracey Bell Tracey Bell is an award-winning Canadian comedian and impersonator . She is the creator of the one-woman show , `` 8 Divas in 44 Minutes '' and known for her live impersonations of celebrities like Cher , Marilyn Monroe , Madonna , Liza Minnelli , Tina Turner , Janis Joplin , Celine Dion , and Dolly Parton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8d34a0e3e06d88fc0436507f51d4503", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 10) The tenth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 6 , 1984 , and April 13 , 1985 . Only 17 episodes were produced due to a writer 's strike and budget constraints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3127d2ce9db188586c949584e9ab7ce", "text": "The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches . The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program . The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m. NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7f74f40ad6da264e057e6fb8feaf942", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 24) The twenty-fourth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between September 26 , 1998 , and May 15 , 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90208e4d9d2009dcd7380a7add2bb215", "text": "Yvonne Hudson Yvonne Hudson ( born July 9 , 1954 ) is an American television actress who is best known for being the first African-American female cast member on Saturday Night Live . She joined the cast as a featured player in the show 's 1980-1981 season . ( The first black female repertory player was Danitra Vance . ) She is also the third African-American to become an SNL cast member following Garrett Morris and Eddie Murphy . ( Murphy joined one week before her . ) Hudson first appeared on the show in 1978 as an uncredited extra in many episodes . Hudson rarely had a role of significance and was fired along with most of the cast at the end of the troubled season . However , she continued to appear occasionally in uncredited small roles until her final appearance on the show in 1984 . Apart from her stint on SNL , Hudson has not appeared in any other television or film role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49c91b0cc2e32a38ed7664ba3812605f", "text": "IO Theater iO , or iO Chicago , ( formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' ) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1db2ebf5d6d7b3938993fa90fa5e398", "text": "A Night at the Met A Night at the Met is the third official album release by Robin Williams on August 9 , 1986 . It features segments recorded live at Metropolitan Opera House in New York City . The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album , Spoken or Musical . The album was released the year before Williams ' critically acclaimed performance in the motion picture Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) . He had been shifting his focus from stand-up comedy to film making for several years , and A Night at the Met would be one of his last major concerts during the 1980s . The show is a mix of Williams ' quick-witted humor and voice work , with rants on the topics of drugs , sex , world affairs , and parenting . References to the events and people of the 1980s are mentioned heavily throughout ; U.S. President Ronald Reagan , Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi , and President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev are central to many of the jokes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9808e995810b0ff3734c2c70a8b62edd", "text": "Margaret of Valois Margaret of Valois ( Marguerite , 14 May 1553 -- 27 March 1615 ) was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France . A daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Margaret was the sister of kings Francis II , Charles IX and Henry III , and of Elisabeth of Valois Queen of Spain , as well as Claude of Valois . Charles IX arranged for her to marry a distant cousin , King Henry III of Navarre , and she thus became Queen of Navarre in 1572 . In 1589 , after all her brothers had died leaving no sons , Margaret 's husband , the senior-most agnatic heir to France ( the `` Prince du sang '' ) , succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV , the first Bourbon King of France . A queen of two kingdoms , Margaret was subjected to many political manipulations , including being held prisoner ( albeit at a comfortable castle ) by her own brother , Henry III of France , for many years . However , her life was anything but passive . She was famous for her beauty and sense of style , notorious for a licentious lifestyle , and also proved a competent memoirist . She was indeed one of the most fashionable women of her time , and influenced many of Europe 's royal courts with her clothing . Margaret took many lovers both during her marriage and after its annulment , of whom the best-known are Joseph Boniface de La Môle , Jacques de Harlay , Seigneur de Champvallon and Louis de Bussy d'Amboise . While imprisoned , she took advantage of the time to write her memoirs , which included a succession of stories relating to the disputes of her brothers Charles IX and Henry III with her husband . The memoirs were published posthumously in 1628 . Her life has inspired a variety of stories over the centuries , beginning with William Shakespeare 's early comedy Love 's Labour 's Lost , which was in fact written within her lifetime , to Alexandre Dumas , père 's 1845 novel La Reine Margot ; to a 1994 movie La Reine Margot .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "552f5bf7b5738b7f4ce8e6616769f968", "text": "Empress Elisabeth of Austria Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria ( 24 December 1837 -- 10 September 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I , and thus Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary , and many others ( see Grand title of the Empress of Austria ) . Born into the royal Bavarian house of Wittelsbach , Elisabeth ( also called `` Sisi '' ) enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying Emperor Franz Joseph I at the age of sixteen . The marriage thrust her into the much more formal Habsburg court life , for which she was ill-prepared and which she found uncongenial . Early in the marriage she was at odds with her mother-in-law , Archduchess Sophie , who took over the rearing of Elisabeth 's daughters , one of whom , Sophie , died in infancy . The birth of a male heir , Rudolf , improved her standing at court considerably , but her health suffered under the strain , and she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment . She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary , and helped to bring about the dual monarchy of Austria -- Hungary in 1867 . The death of her only son Rudolf , and his mistress Mary Vetsera , in a murder -- suicide tragedy at his hunting lodge at Mayerling in 1889 was a blow from which Elisabeth never recovered . She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely , unaccompanied by her family . She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty , which was already legendary during her life . While travelling in Geneva in 1898 , she was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni . Elisabeth was the longest serving Empress of Austria , at 44 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dc895ea964d467a6feb7da09242cab8", "text": "Margaret of Cleves, Duchess of Bavaria-Munich Margaret of Cleves ( 1416 -- 1444 ) was a German noblewoman . She was the eldest daughter of Adolph I , Duke of Cleves and his second wife Marie of Burgundy . She married William III , Duke of Bavaria ( 1375 -- 1435 ) , having two children with him : Adolph ( 1434 -- 1441 ) ; William ( 1435 ) ; Ulrich V , Count of Württemberg ( 1413 -- 1480 ) , having one child with him Catharina ( 1441 -- 1497 ) - became a Premonstratensian then a Dominican nun in Würzburg , then finally ending up in the monastery under the protection of bishop Rudolf van Würzburg Category :1416 births Category :1444 deaths Category : People from the Duchy of Cleves Category : Duchesses of Bavaria Category : House of Wittelsbach", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b162d1a07da25d0e4dac4283bc6d5e2c", "text": "Margaret of Parma Margaret of Parma ( ; 28 December 1522 -- 18 January 1586 ) was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582 . She was the illegitimate daughter of the then 22-year-old Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst . She was a Duchess of Florence and a Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e5cd4bece73fcc927337ee64059eac4", "text": "Margaret, Maid of Norway Margaret , Maid of Norway ( 9 April 1283 -- 26 September 1290 ) was a Norwegian princess who reigned as Queen of Scots from 1286 until her death . Her death while travelling to Scotland sparked off the disputed succession which led to the Wars of Scottish Independence . She was the daughter of King Eric II of Norway and Margaret , daughter of King Alexander III of Scotland . Margaret was born in Tønsberg . Her mother died in childbirth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83cf3ca37f6066907b59bf7f5b05e7a3", "text": "Margaret of Cleves, Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing Margaret of Cleves ( c. 1375 -- 14 May 1411 ) was a German noblewoman . A daughter of Adolph III , Count of Mark and Margaret of Jülich ( making her sister to Adolph I ) , in 1394 she became the second wife of Albert I , Duke of Bavaria , though the marriage remained childless . The couple held court in The Hague . Category :1375 births Category :1411 deaths Category : Countesses of Holland Category : Countesses of Hainaut Category : People from the Duchy of Cleves Category : Women of medieval Germany Category : House of La Marck bg : Маргарета фон Клеве ( 1375 -- 1411 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858d679704efbd9dc3bd8f3334c91ddd", "text": "Maria of Amalfi Maria ( 985 -- c. 1040 ) was Duchess of Amalfi in co-regency with her sons twice : in 1028 -- 29 and in 1034 -- 39 . During the reigns of her sons , she appears to have held the actual power . She was one of the two daughters of Pandulf II of Benevento , who was also Pandulf III of Capua . She married Sergius II of Amalfi around 26 April 1002 . Her sister Gaitelgrima married Guaimar III of Salerno , while her brothers , Landulf and Pandulf , became princes respectively of Benevento and Capua . Maria had two sons , John and Manso . In 1028 , she and the younger son , Manso , seized the Amalfitan throne and expelled Sergius and John , who fled to Constantinople . This was probably done at the instigation and with the support of her brother Pandulf . In 1029 , John returned and deposed both Maria and Manso . In April or May 1034 , John was again deposed by his mother and brother . This time it was certainly the result of Pandulf 's interference , for Maria 's daughter was married to Ranulf Drengot , the count of Aversa , in order to cement the alliance between Pandulf and the Normans . This daughter 's existence is recorded by Amatus of Montecassino : `` the Patrician of Amalfi 's daughter , who was Prince Pandulf 's niece , as the Patrician 's wife was Pandulf 's sister . '' The identity of this daughter had been confused , as has that of Ranulf 's first wife . Maria took the title ducissa et patricissa : `` duchess and patricia '' . It is indicative of her power that Manso received no titles , not even from Byzantium , as his father and brother had before him . In 1038 , her brother was deposed in Capua and John was able to return to Amalfi . He deposed his brother and reconciled with Maria , who subsequently joined him in blinding Manso and exiling him to the fortress of Castelluccia on Li Galli . This act of cruelty outraged the Amalfitans , who deposed both of them and accepted the rule of Guaimar IV of Salerno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2f08846e03008da70db824a7bd6102", "text": "Sheriff's March The Sheriff 's March was an annual procession at Gateshead Fell , County Durham . Medieval Britain operated under a strict feudal system . Society was rigidly structured in a pyramidal form with the King ( or Queen ) at the apex as the highest authority in the land , ordinary citizens at the bottom with a variety of Lords , Bishops , Judges and other noblemen and landowners ranking variously in between . Allegiance and subservience to the Crown was required by all men and women at all times and on most occasions was demonstrated by the swearing of oaths . One such occasion occurred twice a year , when the Sheriff of Northumberland met with the Crown Judges who came to Newcastle upon Tyne and sat on the Assizes to hear any legal matters which required their attention . To further emphasise the importance and solemnity of these visitations , a procession was to be held prior to the official meeting of the parties . At an inquisition at Tynemouth in 1278 , it was duly declared that the King of Scotland , the Archbishop of York , the Prior of Tynemouth , the Bishop of Durham and Gilbert de Umfraville , Earl of Angus should arrange to meet with the justices prior to their entry into Newcastle , provided that they came through the county of Yorkshire first . On the appointed day , usually a Saturday , the procession of these learned men would take place , starting in Newcastle upon Tyne before crossing the River Tyne and passing into Gateshead . After a short refreshment break , - at Sheriff Mount , the procession then made its way slowly up the old ( and remarkably steep ) turnpike road until all concerned parties came to the designated meeting place . This was initially established at Chile Well , but latterly the procession came to `` light and go into the house '' . The house in question was Ye Olde Cannon , located on the turnpike road at the crest of Gateshead Fell . This place was chosen because of the convenience of both the gentry of Northumberland and for the judges journeying from -LSB- -LSB- Durham , the sheriff having used the stables at Sheriff Mount - to change horse before the hill climb , this is a detached Victorian villa built and known as Sheriff Mount North & Sheriff Mount South - the large Mount stone bears presence to this fact , IHe rode uphill onward to the olde canon The guy who compiled this is clearly not owning the house , and knows not the entire truth England | Durham -RSB- -RSB- and it was there that wine and punch were again served to the members of the precession at the expense of the Sheriffs who would wait there until the judges made their arrival . Once they had done so , all would return to Newcastle upon Tyne . It is not known for certain whether or not Chile Well was situated on the old turnpike road , but it is certainly possible that the two meeting points were one and the same place . A well was for many years situated across the road from the Cannon and this certainly lends credence to the possibility that the sites were , in fact , the same . Intriguingly , the well was inscribed : `` As cold waters to a thirsty soulSo is good news from a far country . '' This procession took place for over five hundred years , even continuing after the English Civil War in the seventeenth century had effectively destroyed the feudal system as the principal means of rule in Britain . Indeed , the procession was held until 1825 when , upon the completion of the far less steep turnpike road through Low Fell , the procession was rerouted and the meeting place became The New Cannon situated at the junction between the turnpike road and the Low Fell Road ( now Beaconsfield Road and Belle Vue Bank ) . In 1832 , miners at the Sheriff Hill Colliery went on strike in protest of pay and the dangerous conditions at the colliery . When the Sheriff 's March reached the area of Gateshead Fell , they were confronted by angry workers carrying a banner depicting a rat taking cheese from the working men Shortly after , a Commons bill in 1838 abolished such processions and so the tradition was halted and the travelling dignitaries had to be accommodated at the expense of their hosts . An attempt to revive the procession in 1845 by the High Sheriff , Ralph Carr Elison , was largely abortive and no further attempt was made . It is as a direct result of the `` Sheriff 's March '' that the area around Ye Olde Cannon and the old turnpike road became known as Sheriff Hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da8477c60ab276d6ccb49681cee0db43", "text": "Habeas corpus Habeas corpus ( -LSB- ˈheɪbiəs_ˈkɔrpəs -RSB- Medieval Latin meaning literally `` that you have the body '' ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person , usually a prison official , to bring the prisoner to court to determine if the detention is lawful . The writ of habeas corpus is known as `` the great and efficacious writ in all manner of illegal confinement '' , per Blackstone being a remedy available to the meanest against the mightiest . It is a summons with the force of a court order ; it is addressed to the custodian ( a prison official for example ) and demands that a prisoner be taken before the court , and that the custodian present proof of authority , allowing the court to determine whether the custodian has lawful authority to detain the prisoner . If the custodian is acting beyond his or her authority , then the prisoner must be released . Any prisoner , or another person acting on his or her behalf , may petition the court , or a judge , for a writ of habeas corpus . One reason for the writ to be sought by a person other than the prisoner is that the detainee might be held incommunicado . Most civil law jurisdictions provide a similar remedy for those unlawfully detained , but this is not always called habeas corpus . For example , in some Spanish-speaking nations , the equivalent remedy for unlawful imprisonment is the amparo de libertad ( ` protection of freedom ' ) . Habeas corpus has certain limitations . Though a writ of right , it is not a writ of course.The applicant must make out a prima facie case . However , once he does that , he is entitled to the writ as of right , which is then granted to him ex debito justitae ( `` from a debt of justice '' , that is , as a matter of right ) It is technically only a procedural remedy ; it is a guarantee against any detention that is forbidden by law , but it does not necessarily protect other rights , such as the entitlement to a fair trial . So if an imposition such as internment without trial is permitted by the law , then habeas corpus may not be a useful remedy . In some countries , the writ has been temporarily or permanently suspended under the pretext of war or state of emergency . The right to petition for a writ of habeas corpus has nonetheless long been celebrated as the most efficient safeguard of the liberty of the subject . The jurist Albert Venn Dicey wrote that the British Habeas Corpus Acts `` declare no principle and define no rights , but they are for practical purposes worth a hundred constitutional articles guaranteeing individual liberty '' . The writ of habeas corpus is one of what are called the `` extraordinary '' , `` common law '' , or `` prerogative writs '' , which were historically issued by the English courts in the name of the monarch to control inferior courts and public authorities within the kingdom . The most common of the other such prerogative writs are quo warranto , prohibito , mandamus , procedendo , and certiorari . The due process for such petitions is not simply civil or criminal , because they incorporate the presumption of non-authority . The official who is the respondent must prove his authority to do or not do something . Failing this , the court must decide for the petitioner , who may be any person , not just an interested party . This differs from a motion in a civil process in which the movant must have standing , and bears the burden of proof .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b6f9349d203b101b1334b44e82b8072", "text": "The Treasure of the City of Ladies The Treasure of the City of Ladies ( Le trésor de la cité des dames , also known The Book of the Three Virtues ) is a manual of education by medieval Italian-French author Christine de Pisan . Finished , like her previous Book of the City of Ladies , by the year 1405 , and dedicated to Margaret of Burgundy at a time when Christine was writing works for Margaret 's father Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy , the book aims to educate women of all estates with advice on various topics . Her Book and Treasure are two of her best-known works , mainly due to the study of these books in modern academia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ded663d8439fe89e978219bb9f20784", "text": "Bloody Assizes The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor , which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England . There were five judges -- Sir William Montague ( Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ) , Sir Robert Wright , Sir Francis Wythens , ( Justice of the King 's Bench ) , Sir Creswell Levinz ( Justice of the Common Pleas ) and Sir Henry Pollexfen , led by Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys . Over 1,000 rebels were in prison awaiting the trials , which started in Winchester on 26 August . The first notable trial was that of an elderly gentlewoman named Dame Alice Lyle . The jury reluctantly found her guilty , and , the law recognising no distinction between principals and accessories in treason , she was sentenced to be burned . This was commuted to beheading , with the sentence being carried out in Winchester market-place on 2 September 1685 . From Winchester the court proceeded through the West Country to Salisbury , Dorchester and on to Taunton , before finishing up at Wells on 23 September . More than 1,400 prisoners were dealt with and although most were sentenced to death , fewer than 300 were hanged or hanged , drawn and quartered . The Taunton Assize took place in the Great Hall of Taunton Castle ( now the home of the Museum of Somerset ) . Of more than 500 prisoners brought before the court on the 18/19 September , 144 were hanged and their remains displayed around the county to ensure people understood the fate of those who rebelled against the king . Some 800 -- 850 men were transported to the West Indies where they were worth more alive than dead as a source of cheap labour . ( The novel Captain Blood , and the later movies based on it , graphically portray this punishment . ) Others were imprisoned to await further trial , although many did not live long enough , succumbing to ` Gaol Fever ' ( typhus ) , which was rife in the unsanitary conditions common to most English gaols at that time . A woman named Elizabeth Gaunt had the gruesome distinction of being the last woman burnt alive in England for political crimes . Jeffreys returned to London after the Assizes to report to King James , who rewarded him by making him Lord Chancellor ( at the age of only 40 ) , ` For the many eminent and faithful services to the Crown ' . Jeffreys became known as `` the hanging judge '' . After the Glorious Revolution , Jeffreys was incarcerated in the Tower of London , where he died in 1689 . His death was probably due to his chronic medical history of kidney and bladder stones leading to an acute infection , kidney failure and possibly toxaemia . Writing as recently as 1929 , Sir John C. Fox said : Even to the present day , the mothers of West Somerset control their unruly offspring by threatening to send for ` Judge Jeffreys ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35168eb5580db4c49fc614b76ec022cf", "text": "Claude, Duke of Aumale Claude of Lorraine , Duke of Aumale ( August 18 , 1526 , Joinville -- March 3 , 1573 , La Rochelle ) was the third son of Claude , Duke of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon . He was a prince of Lorraine by birth . As part of the Treaty of Boulogne which ended the war of the Rough Wooing , Claude , Marquis of Mayenne , was one of six French hostages sent to England . After their father died on 12 April 1550 , Claude was allowed to come to Scotland , with a passport from Edward VI dated 11 May , to see his sister Mary of Guise and wrote from Edinburgh on 18 May that he would view the strong places of the realm . On August 1 , 1547 , he married Louise de Brézé ( c. 1518 -- January 1577 ) , Lady of Anet , the daughter of Louis de Brézé , seigneur d'Anet , and Diane de Poitiers . They had eleven children : Henri ( October 21 , 1549 , Château de Saint-Germain -- August 1559 ) , Count of Valentinois Catherine Romula ( November 8 , 1550 , Saint-Germain -- June 25 , 1606 ) , married on May 11 , 1569 Nicholas , Duke of Mercœur Madeleine Diane ( b. February 5 , 1554 ) , d. young Charles , Duke of Aumale ( 1555 -- 1631 ) Diane ( November 10 , 1558 -- June 25 , 1586 , Ligny ) , married on November 13 , 1576 François , Duke of Piney-Luxemburg Antoinette ( b. June 9 , 1560 , Nancy ) , d. young Antoinette Louise ( September 29 , 1561 , Joinville -- August 24 , 1643 , Soissons ) , Abbess of Soissons Antoine ( b. November 12 , 1562 ) , d. young Claude ( December 13 , 1564 -- January 3 , 1591 , Saint-Denis ) , called the `` Chevalier d'Aumale '' , Abbot of St.-Pere-en-Valle , Chartres , Knight of the Order of Malta , General of the Galleys Charles ( January 25 , 1566 -- May 7 , 1568 , Paris ) Marie ( June 10 , 1565 -- January 27 , 1627 ) , Abbess of Chelles When his brother Francis acceded as Duke of Guise in 1550 he ceded to Claude the title of Duke of Aumale . He was killed by a culverin shot while besieging La Rochelle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77eefe28e1c6ae83e3128f530a602006", "text": "Jadwiga of Poland Jadwiga ( -LSB- jadˈvʲiɡa -RSB- ) , also known as Hedwig ( Hedvig 1373/4 -- 17 July 1399 ) , reigned as the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland from 16 October 1384 until her death . She was the youngest daughter of Louis the Great , King of Hungary and Poland , and his wife Elizabeth of Bosnia . Jadwiga was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou , but had more close ancestors among the Polish Piasts . She was canonized in the Roman Catholic Church in 1997 . Her marriage to William of Austria was planned in 1375 and she lived in Vienna between 1378 and 1380 . Jadwiga and William were allegedly regarded as her father 's favoured successors in Hungary after her eldest sister Catherine 's death in 1379 , since the Polish noblemen had paid homage to Louis ' second daughter , Mary , and Mary 's fiancé , Sigismund of Luxemburg , that same year . However , Louis died and Mary was crowned `` King of Hungary '' on the demand of her mother in 1382 . Sigismund of Luxemburg tried to seize Poland , but the Polish noblemen countered that they would only obey a daughter of King Louis if she settled in their country . Queen Elizabeth then nominated Jadwiga to reign in Poland , but did not send her to Kraków to be crowned . During the interregnum , Siemowit IV , Duke of Masovia , became a candidate for the Polish throne . The nobles of Greater Poland especially favoured him , proposing he marry Jadwiga . However , the noblemen of Lesser Poland opposed his election and persuaded Queen Elizabeth to send Jadwiga to Poland . Jadwiga was crowned `` king '' in Kraków on 16 October 1384 . Her crowning either reflected the Polish lords ' opposition to her intended future husband , William , adopting the royal title without a further Act or only emphasized that she was a queen regnant . With her mother 's consent , Jadwiga 's advisors opened negotiations with Jogaila , Grand Duke of Lithuania , who was still a heathen , about his marriage to Jadwiga . Jogaila signed the Union of Krewo , promising to convert to Roman Catholicism and to promote his ` pagan ' subjects ' conversion . Meanwhile , William of Habsburg hurried to Kraków to demand the consummation of his pre-arranged marriage with Jadwiga , but the Polish lords expelled him in late August 1385 . Jogaila , who received the baptismal name Władysław , married Jadwiga on 15 February 1386 . Legend says that she had only agreed to marry him after long prayers , seeking divine inspiration . Władysław-Jogaila was crowned king on 4 March . As her co-ruler , Władysław closely cooperated with his wife . After rebellious lords had imprisoned her mother and sister , she marched into Ruthenia , which had been under Hungarian rule , and persuaded most local inhabitants to become subjects of the Polish Crown without resistance . She acted as mediator between her husband 's quarreling kinsmen , and between Poland and the Teutonic Knights . After her sister Mary died in 1395 , Jadwiga and Władysław-Jogaila laid claim to Hungary against the widowed Sigismund of Luxemburg , but the Hungarian lords did not support them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da51d11ad168d6af0ee9fa90c52b6ba", "text": "Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family . Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 . The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33793783aa1bd219d7072deb137a8c6", "text": "Marguerite IV d'Harcourt Marguerite IV d'Haraucourt , ( 15 ?? -1568 ) , was a German-Roman monarch as Princess Abbess of the Imperial Remiremont Abbey in France . She was abbess twice : a first term 1520-28 , and a second in 1544-68 . She was elected in 1520 , but was deposed in 1528 . In 1544 , she became abbess for a second term . During her reign , Remiremont was forced to submit to the sovereignty of the Duchy of Lorraine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed5fd70b1c144cd2777ee98900540db", "text": "Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering . For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession . By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering . Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b56b14ab9a3b32925d34961d9f50f04", "text": "Mary of Guise Mary of Guise ( Marie de Guise 22 November 1515 -- 11 June 1560 ) was Queen of Scots from 1538 to 1542 as the second wife of King James V . She was the mother of Mary , Queen of Scots , and served as Regent of Scotland in her daughter 's name from 1554 to 1560 . A native of Lorraine , she was a member of the powerful House of Guise , which played a prominent role in 16th-century French politics . Her main goal was a close alliance between the powerful French Catholic nation and smaller Scotland , which she wanted to be Catholic and independent of England . She failed , and at her death the Protestants took control of Scotland , with her own grandson achieving the Union of the Crowns a few decades later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e7990e9764cee42021252dfbc443dda", "text": "Margaret Hogg Margaret Hogg ( c. 1939 -- October 1976 ) was a manslaughter victim whose body was preserved in Wast Water , Lake District National Park , Cumbria , for eight years . Married to Peter Hogg , she had worked as an airline stewardess for Air Europe ; her husband was a pilot . Peter was 19 years older than Margaret , and briefly achieved front-page news on 16 August 1974 when he landed at Luton Airport as the captain of a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar of Court Line that he had piloted overnight from a refuelling stop at Gander , Canada , bringing Clarksons holidaymakers back from St. Lucia . This was the airline 's last flight as Court Line had ceased trading the previous day . Margaret had a three-year affair with banker Graham Ryan , and often flaunted it before Peter . One night in October 1976 , Mrs Hogg attacked her husband , hitting and kicking until he `` grabbed her round the neck and squeezed hard '' . Margaret Hogg suffocated and Peter wrapped her body in a carpet , tied it to a block of concrete , drove north overnight from Surrey and dumped the body in Wast Water lake in the Wasdale valley in the Lake District National Park , England . The body settled at a depth of 34 metres ( 110 ft ) , only a short distance away from much deeper parts of the deepest lake in England . Due to the lack of oxygen , her body did not decompose , but over time was preserved by the formation of adipocere . In 1983 , the lake was searched for the body of Veronique Mireille Marre , a missing French student . Subsequently , the remains of Margaret Hogg were found by a diver , Neil Pritt , in March 1984 , who initially thought them to be just a roll of old carpet . Shortly after the recovery , the body was identified by friends . The police investigation was made easier by noting the two sets of initials engraved on the inside of the gold wedding ring recovered from Margaret 's body . Her husband Peter , the prime suspect , initially denied the murder before giving a confession . He was sentenced to four years for manslaughter , obstructing a coroner , and perjury in his divorce proceedings . The body of Veronique Mireille Marre was eventually found in April 1984 . Her remains were found on a mountain at the bottom of a cliff , but no cause of death could be officially given .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad7ab1027ccd61d81a5c662580f9ab5", "text": "Ralph fitzStephen Ralph fitzStephen ( sometimes Ralf fitzStephen ; died either 25 July 1202 or c. 1204 ) was an English nobleman and royal official . Ralph had brothers named William fitzStephen , and Eustace . They were probably the sons of Stephen the chamberlain , who is mentioned as a royal chamberlain in the pipe roll for 1156 -- 57 . Ralph was a royal chamberlain for King Henry II of England and King Richard I of England , serving in that office until at least 1191 . His work would have involved not just household duties , but the financial aspects of the office , both accepting monies owed to the royal household and paying salaries and other expenses of the king 's chamber . In 1170 he was appointed as one of the `` tutors '' to the eldest living son of the king , Henry . Ralph was a frequent witness on royal charters , and during the last years of Henry 's reign was also responsible for the maintenance of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine , who was incarcerated in house arrest by the king . Ralph was Sheriff of Gloucestershire , from 1171 to 1175 , succeeded by his brother William . Ralph served as a royal justice for the southwest in 1176 and continued as a justice in other counties until 1190 . He assessed the tallage , a tax , from 1176 to 1190 also . In 1184 , Henry II summoned Ralph as a Serjeant-at-law , one of the first identifiable members of that order in the historical record . King Henry gave Ralph the manors of Wapley and Winterbourne in Gloucestershire . In the feudal inquest of 1166 , Ralph listed him as holding half a knight 's fee at the honour of Totnes , one fee from the bishop of Exeter , and two fees at Crich in Derbyshire that were part of Hubert fitzRalph 's honour there . At some point , he held a fee at Blackwell , Derbyshire from Robert fitzRandulf , as he gave that fee as a marriage portion to his niece Idonea when she married William fitzRandulf . Sometime between 1186 and 1190 , Ralph granted a third of a knight 's fee at Potterspury in Northamptonshire to Geoffrey fitzPeter , another royal official . Ralph married Maud or Matilda , the daughter of Robert de Calz . According to the historian Katharine Keats-Rohan , the marriage took place sometime before 1177 , as on that date he was given the forestership of Sherwood Forest which had been held by Robert de Calz . But Julia Boorman in Ralph 's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says the marriage occurred around 1184 or 1185 . Ralph controlled Sherwood Forest until 1197 , as well as Chippenham Forest in Wiltshire from 1176 to 1190 . Ralph may be the same as the Ralph fitzStephen who was given custody of Guildford Castle in Surrey in 1192 and 1193 . According to Keats-Rohan , Ralph died around 1204 and had no issue from his marriage . Boorman , however , states he died on 25 July 1202 . According to Keats-Rohan , Maud/Matilda married Adam fitzPeter of Birkin after Ralph 's death , but Boorman says that Maud/Matilda was the widow of fitzPeter when she married Ralph . Ralph gave gifts to Haverholme Priory , Darley Abbey , Gloucester Abbey , and Stanley Abbey . In 1225 the king recognized Richard of Gloucester as Ralph 's nearest heir and confirmed his custody of Winterbourne . Boorman speculates that Richard might have been Ralph 's son by a previous marriage before Maud/Matilda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e9ec58c6d94748d68ead08f6539a1f6", "text": "House of Valois-Burgundy The House of Valois-Burgundy ( la maison de Valois-Bourgogne ) , or the Younger House of Burgundy , was a noble French family deriving from the royal House of Valois . It is distinct from the Capetian House of Burgundy , descendants of King Robert II of France , though both houses stem from the Capetian dynasty . They ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482 and later came to rule vast lands including Artois , Flanders , Luxembourg , Hainault , the county palatine of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté ) , and other lands through marriage . The term `` Valois Dukes of Burgundy '' is employed to refer to the dynasty which began after King John II of France granted the French Duchy of Burgundy to his youngest son , Philip the Bold in 1363 . During the Hundred Years ' War , the dukes rivalled with their royal cousins uniting a great number of French and Imperial fiefs under their rule . However , their plans to establish an autonomous kingdom ultimately failed when the last duke , Charles the Bold , sparked the Burgundian Wars and was killed in the Battle of Nancy in 1477 . The final ruler of the dynasty , Mary , Duchess of Burgundy , attempted to assert her authority within her domains , but failed . Her lands outside of France passed to her eldest son , Philip , to become the Habsburg Netherlands , while the Duchy of Burgundy itself returned to the kingdom of France . Mary died in 1482 , thus ending the House of Valois-Burgundy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3c6851fe90972ee7ac4d36f4be88a8b3", "text": "The Messenger (2009 film) The Messenger is a 2009 war drama film starring Ben Foster , Woody Harrelson , Samantha Morton , Steve Buscemi , and Jena Malone . It is the directorial debut of Oren Moverman , who also wrote the screenplay with Alessandro Camon . The film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and was in competition at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear for Best Screenplay and the Berlinale Peace Film Award ' 09 . The film received first prize for the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival . The film has also received four Independent Spirit Award nominations ( including one win ) , a Golden Globe nomination , and two Academy Award nominations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ae087c1d8ab1c3a22fbaff2e1c287757", "text": "Mammal (film) Mammal is a 2016 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Rebecca Daly . It was shown in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition section at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba186929e6828a958a1954e070a7651c", "text": "Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions . The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "831ba62e6da2193b3dfdb990d6fad442", "text": "Together (2009 film) Together is a short film drama directed by Eicke Bettinga , starring Matt Smith . The film premiered in the International Critics ' Week section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c8e2f4a5043af973a44c79b8e6a52e", "text": "1975 Deauville American Film Festival The 1st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 3 to 7 , 1975 . It was created by French writer Lionel Chouchan and French journalist and television producer André Halimi , which they described as '' ( to ) show films that only a few privileged - amazed or astonished -- people had discovered , in New York or Los Angeles , to French audiences , without exclusion , barriers or bias '' . It occurs every year since its creation at the end of the summer . They received funding from French entrepreneur and businessman Lucien Barrière 's group and mayor of Deauville at that time , Michel d'Ornano . The festival was non-competitive in nature and remained so until 1995 . It screened 12 feature films at three different sites , International Centre ( 1,500 seats ) , the Casino ( 700 vehicles ) and the Cinéma Morny ( two rooms of 271 and 99 seats ) . Initially the festival was attended by locals but with passing years its popularity increased and attracted international attention . The festival also highlighted the best of American cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29f6e113a9e49453d47e840123ef6aa", "text": "Life Itself (film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about film critic Roger Ebert , directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper , Steve James and Garrett Basch . The film is based on Ebert 's 2011 memoir of the same name . It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival . The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28 , 2014 . Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4 , 2014 . On December 2 , 2014 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards , winning the award for Outstanding Editing : Documentary & Long-Form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d257a2ce079854072a23cc1b9a3107bb", "text": "SEOUL International Women's Film Festival SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival ( SIWFF , previously International Women 's Film Festival in Seoul , IWFFIS ) first took place on April 1 , 1997 , which marked the second appearance of the international film festival in Korea following Busan International Film Festival launched in 1996 . This was the time when there was no clear idea about how to define a film festival . At that time , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival came up with a catchphrase See the world through women 's eyes , setting its main goal to introduce women 's films that explore the `` women 's reality from the women 's perspectives '' . Featuring films by women , for women , and of women , the 1st edition of SEOUL International Film Festival received a number of positive reviews from the audience , which was never anticipated this much . Thanks to continuous support from the audience , SEOUL International Film Festival that used to be happening every other year has become an annual event since the 3rd edition in 2001 . For the 6th edition in 2004 , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival looked for changes by relocating the festival office and venues to Sinchon , the street of youth and culture . For the 9th edition in 2007 , the Queer Rainbow section was first introduced , presenting films about life and culture of gender minorities . In order to go beyond the gender boundaries based on biological sex and to reach out for solidarity , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival newly created the Open Cinema section encompassing feminist films made by male directors . Now in 2015 , SEOUL International Film Festival attempts to build its new festival identity and become a cultural platform more approachable for a wide variety of audiences by changing the official English title of the festival from International Women 's Film Festival in Seoul to SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival as well as by retouching the festival logo used for last 17 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd41f138125d7883fe2e9f8d2a361e1", "text": "20,000 Days on Earth 20,000 Days on Earth is a 2014 British documentary musical drama film co-written and directed by Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard . Nick Cave also co-wrote the script with Forsyth and Pollard . The film premiered in-competition in the World Cinema Documentary Competition at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2014 . It won two Awards at the festival . After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival , Drafthouse Films acquired distribution rights of the film . The film released on 17 September 2014 in United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e48b393c24485eab814010dec27893c", "text": "The Messenger (Johnny Marr album) The Messenger '' is the debut solo album by English musician Johnny Marr , formerly of the Smiths . It was released on 25 February 2013 in the UK ( and made # 10 in charts ) through Warner Music Artist & Label Services / Warner Bros. . Records , and on 26 February in the US through Sire Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97dd1bfa216de7455571e50686e5252", "text": "Spokane (film) Spokane is a film that premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , written and directed by Larry Kennar . The cast included Kyle Bornheimer and Jason Waters . A short film , with a run time of only 29 minutes . It was awarded an honorable mention in the international shorts category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eee5cc2b389c67b8529bdbc181a249b", "text": "Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa . The film stars Michael Cera , Tavi Gevinson , and Abbi Jacobson . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on July 28 , 2017 , by Magnolia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbbee78d144d24ee85ebc519b19d6a37", "text": "Phoenix Film Festival Phoenix Film Festival is a festival that celebrates feature films and their creators . Started in 2000 , the annual celebration takes place in the city of Phoenix , Arizona . The festival is a showcase for feature and short films from all over the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503b4902eba46d73ec7ca41134093c72", "text": "Québec City Film Festival Québec City Film Festival ( QCFF ) is a film festival held annually in September in Québec City , Canada . It screens short and feature films and premieres movies from all over the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2871e09a5761083bcda675271548c7", "text": "The Signal (2014 film) The Signal is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by William Eubank and co-written with Carlyle Eubank and David Frigerio . The film stars Brenton Thwaites and Laurence Fishburne . The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on June 13 , 2014 . The film is among an increasing number of low-budget , independent science fiction films to be included at the Sundance Film Festival in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ed3555e03c9e9aaefdd27b4083a25b", "text": "St. Louis International Film Festival The St. Louis International Film Festival ( also known as SLIFF or Cinema St. Louis ) is an annual film festival in St. Louis , Missouri , which has been running since 1992 . The coordinating organization changed its name to `` Cinema St. Louis '' in 2003 . The festival screens approximately 300 films over a period of 10 days during November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1225ee13077494488f8e9b1c33046f8", "text": "Festival for Cinema of the Deaf The Festival for Cinema of the Deaf was founded by Joshua Flanders who founded and ran the Chicago Institute for the Moving Image ( CIMI ) , a not-for-profit film organization , and was the first deaf film festival in North America . Their mission is to open the doors to the millions of deaf and hard-of-hearing people worldwide so they may enjoy and understand movies in the theater . They have created a forum for deaf writers , actors and directors to showcase their work under the heading of Deaf Cinema . Chicago festivals were held consecutively in 2002 , 2003 , and 2004 , with CIMI-led deaf film festivals held in Tampa , Boston and Texas . Academy Award winning actress Marlee Matlin hosted the 2004 Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d0cad368255ae65248245866c315987", "text": "Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film The Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film ( French : Magritte du meilleur premier film ) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux . It is one of the Magritte Awards , which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements . It was introduced in 2013 as an audience award . However , its first winner Dead Man Talking was announced during the 66th Cannes Film Festival , three months later the 3rd Magritte Awards ceremony . In 2016 , the Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film became a merit category . As of the 2017 ceremony , Keeper is the most recent winner in this category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2156ee44e53e650fabb63736ea43df73", "text": "Film1 Sundance Film1 Sundance ( also called Film1 Sundance Channel ) is a Dutch premium television channel . It 's the Dutch version of the American cable television network SundanceTV devoted to airing independent feature films , world cinema , documentaries , short films , television series , and original programs , such as news about the latest developments from each year 's Sundance Film Festival . The channel launched on 1 March 2012 and replaced the television channel Film1 Festival . All films are shown uncut and without commercial interruptions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ef1297a12babf7ec1eb3f9fdd6296a7", "text": "UNICEF The United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ; -LSB- ˈjuːnᵻsɛf -RSB- ) is a United Nations ( UN ) programme headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries . It is a member of the United Nations Development Group . The United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946 , to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II . The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and served as its first chairman from 1946 . On Rajchman 's suggestion , the American Maurice Pate was appointed its first executive director , serving from 1947 until his death in 1965 . In 1950 , UNICEF 's mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women in developing countries everywhere . In 1953 it became a permanent part of the United Nations System , and the words `` international '' and `` emergency '' were dropped from the organization 's name , making it simply the United Nations Children 's Fund , retaining the original acronym , `` UNICEF '' . UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors , UNICEF 's total income for 2008 was US$ 3,372,540,239 . Governments contribute two-thirds of the organization 's resources . Private groups and some six million individuals contribute the rest through national committees . It is estimated that 92 per cent of UNICEF revenue is distributed to programme services . UNICEF 's programmes emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children . UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006 . Most of UNICEF 's work is in the field , with staff in over 190 countries and territories . More than 200 country offices carry out UNICEF 's mission through programmes developed with host governments . Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed . UNICEF 's Supply Division is based in Copenhagen and serves as the primary point of distribution for such essential items as vaccines , antiretroviral medicines for children and mothers with HIV , nutritional supplements , emergency shelters , family reunification , and educational supplies . A 36-member executive board establishes policies , approves programmes and oversees administrative and financial plans . The executive board is made up of government representatives who are elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council , usually for three-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8876871ea6f00173031d06d9262e5433", "text": "Audrey Hepburn Audrey Hepburn ( -LSB- ˈɔːdri_ˈhɛpˌbɜrn -RSB- born Audrey Kathleen Ruston ; 4 May 1929 -- 20 January 1993 ) was a British actress , model , dancer and humanitarian . Recognized as a film and fashion icon , Hepburn was active during Hollywood 's Golden Age . She was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood and was inducted into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame . Born in Ixelles , a district of Brussels , Hepburn spent her childhood between Belgium , England and the Netherlands . In Amsterdam , she studied ballet with Sonia Gaskell before moving to London in 1948 , continuing her ballet training with Marie Rambert , and then performing as a chorus girl in West End musical theatre productions . Following minor appearances in several films , Hepburn starred in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi after being spotted by French novelist Colette , on whose work the play was based . She shot to stardom for playing the lead role in Roman Holiday ( 1953 ) , for which she was the first actress to win an Academy Award , a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for a single performance . The same year Hepburn won a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in Ondine . She went on to star in a number of successful films , such as Sabrina ( 1954 ) , The Nun 's Story ( 1959 ) , Breakfast at Tiffany 's ( 1961 ) , Charade ( 1963 ) , My Fair Lady ( 1964 ) and Wait Until Dark ( 1967 ) , for which she received Academy Award , Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations . Hepburn won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role . In recognition of her film career , she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from BAFTA , the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award , the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award and the Special Tony Award . She remains one of the 12 people who have won Academy , Emmy , Grammy and Tony Awards . Hepburn appeared in fewer films as her life went on , devoting much of her later life to UNICEF . She had contributed to the organisation since 1954 , then worked in some of the poorest communities of Africa , South America and Asia between 1988 and 1992 . She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in December 1992 . A month later , Hepburn died of appendiceal cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "021e41c472bc90a5826767c1aa7e065f", "text": "Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) . After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films . At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e647c3fd9b49c07919ae9a1b24e97f17", "text": "Family Action Family Action ( previously Family Welfare Association and the Charity Organisation Society ) is a charity in England founded in 1869 . It provides support for families , including financial and mental health issues relating to them . The stated aim of the charity is to `` provid -LSB- e -RSB- practical , emotional and financial support to those who are experiencing poverty , disadvantage and social isolation across England '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c040096b9091c1d67b37fb39b58d30", "text": "New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health . In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 : We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference . During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48789059611d8fc46aabf9f91086afbe", "text": "Brigitte Bardot Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot ( -LSB- bʁiʒit baʁˈdo -RSB- ; born 28 September 1934 ) is a French actress , singer and fashion model , who later became an animal rights activist . She was one of the best known sex symbols of the 1950s and 1960s and was widely referred to by her initials , B.B. Bardot was an aspiring ballerina in her early life . She started her acting career in 1952 . After appearing in 16 routine comedy films that had limited international release , she became world-famous in 1957 after starring in the controversial film And God Created Woman . Bardot caught the attention of French intellectuals . She was the subject of Simone de Beauvoir 's 1959 essay , The Lolita Syndrome , which described Bardot as a `` locomotive of women 's history '' and built upon existentialist themes to declare her the first and most liberated woman of post-war France . She later starred in Jean-Luc Godard 's 1963 film Le Mépris . For her role in Louis Malle 's 1965 film Viva Maria ! Bardot was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress . From 1969 to 1978 , Bardot was the official face of Marianne ( who had previously been anonymous ) to represent the liberty of France . Bardot retired from the entertainment industry in 1973 . During her career in show business , she starred in 47 films , performed in several musical shows and recorded over 60 songs . She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1985 but refused to accept it . After her retirement , she established herself as an animal rights activist . During the 2000s , she generated controversy by criticizing immigration and Islam in France and has been fined five times for inciting racial hatred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d220879c5544496a6ff19f43e79b46", "text": "The National Fund The National Fund is a British charity whose purpose is to pay off the final amount of the United Kingdom national debt . The fund was set up in 1928 with a # 500,000 anonymous donation . It has been suggested that the donor pledged the money as a response to a 1919 Financial Times editorial by then-Financial Secretary to the Treasury Stanley Baldwin , which suggested patriotic rich citizens to voluntarily contribute towards paying the national debt accumulated from World War I. The fund , which is managed by Barclays , is worth # 351.4 m as of February 2013 . As of February 2012 , it was the United Kingdom 's 29th richest charity . Since 2009 , Barclays has been trying to release the funds . The donor stipulated that part of the funds to be released if `` in -LSB- the trustees -RSB- opinion at any time or times national exigencies -LSB- should -RSB- require '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d75b75873e9efeb7c5457dcb8dfd08d", "text": "Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke . The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work . Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress . In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . '' Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31632bf15ef0ac984f65feff855b2fa", "text": "Barbara Frietchie Barbara Frietchie , The Frederick Girl is a play in four acts by Clyde Fitch and based on the heroine of John Greenleaf Whittier 's poem `` Barbara Frietchie '' ( based on a real person : Barbara Fritchie ) . Fitch takes a good bit of artistic liberty and intertwines her story with that of his own grandparents ' love story , which also takes place during the Civil War . Barbara Stanwyck took her film name from the name of the play , and a British actress named Joan Stanwyck who starred in one of the play 's productions , perhaps in London . An illustrated version of the poem is contained in James Thurber 's Fables for Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated . The play met with mixed reviews in 1899 because of the romance he added to the tale , but it would be successfully revived a number of times . Fritchie , a central figure in the history of Frederick , Maryland , has a stop in the town 's walking tour at her home . When Winston Churchill passed through Frederick in 1943 , he stopped at the house and recited the poem from memory . At 90 years of age she waved the Union flag out of her window despite opposition from Stonewall Jackson 's troops , who were passing through Frederick . This event is the subject of the 1864 poem : `` Shoot , if you must , this old gray head , But spare your country 's flag , '' she said . A shade of sadness , a blush of shame , Over the face of the leader came ; The nobler nature within him stirred To life at that woman 's deed and word ; `` Who touches a hair of yon gray head Dies like a dog ! March on ! '' he said . Her name was Barbara Hauer Frietchie", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ed6ca82c981afbc0dc0a98a30100533", "text": "L'Interdit L'Interdit ( -LSB- lɛ̃.tɛʁ.di -RSB- ) was a perfume created in 1957 by Hubert de Givenchy for his friend , Audrey Hepburn . Its name means `` forbidden '' . It has a delicate , floral , powdery aroma . It contains notes of rose , jasmine , violet and , at the heart , a blend of woods and grasses . First created privately for Hepburn by Givenchy , she wore it for a matter of years until finally releasing it to the public in the 1960s . The nose/parfumeur behind this feminine aldehydic-floral fragrance was Francis Fabron ( 1913 - 2005 ) . With Top notes : Aldehydes , Wild Strawberry , Bergamot , Mandarin Orange , Peach , Pepper and Clove ; Middle notes : Rose , Jasmine , Violet , Narcissus , Iris , Orris Root , Ylang-ylang and Lily-of-the-Valley ; Base notes : Sandalwood , Vetiver , Benzoin , Incense , Amber , Tonka Bean and Musk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f41e9d21e4fa4b860405659b0cfc07", "text": "Turning Point (charity) Turning Point is a health and social care organisation that works across mental health , learning disability , substance misuse , primary care , the criminal justice system and employment . In 2017 , Turning Point won the contract to deliver sexual health services across 3 London boroughs and Autism Plus joined the Turning Point group . Many of Turning Point services are regulated by the Care Quality Commission . Turning Point developed out of a project in South East London and was founded by Barry Richards in 1964 . The Chief Executive is Lord Victor Adebowale . The charity was described as `` one of Princess Diana 's favourite charities '' ; she acted as its patron from 1985 to 1997 . Turning Point is a social enterprise and registered charity based in the United Kingdom that runs projects in more than 200 locations across England . In 2015/16 66,104 people engaged with Turning Point services . Turning Point employs over 3,500 staff . It has a turnover of # 111m , # 60m of which is for the delivery of substance misuse services , # 18m for the delivery of mental health services and # 34m for the delivery of support to people with a Learning Disability . Mental health services include : Talking therapies -- providing support over the phone , online and face-to-face to support people with depression , stress or anxiety to feel more in control . Community services -- support for individuals in their local community to set goals that improve their mental health and wellbeing . This includes providing housing , employment and welfare support and services for people with personal budgets . Crisis services -- emotional , practical and clinical support , to help individuals resolve their crisis and develop coping strategies to prevent and manage future episodes . Turning Point 's services provide a community-based alternative to hospital admissions for those experiencing a crisis . Specialist and forensic services -- for those with more enduring needs , Turning Point provide residential services including a therapeutic rehabilitation and recovery programme to help people develop the skills needed to live independently in a homely environment . Carers support -- Turning Point provide breaks for carers , while they take over the caring duties , including specific support for those with young onset dementia . Supported accommodation -- supporting residents with their daily living tasks such as shopping and cooking , and also support with education opportunities such as applying for volunteer work and to local colleges . Individual placement and support ( ips ) service -- the service challenges the perception that people with mental health issues can not work , by focusing on supporting people to attain competitive employment and providing training and support on the job . Learning disability services include : Supported living -- supporting people to take control of their own lives by providing flexible , outcome-focused support ; enabling people to have increased choice and control over their daily lives , increase their skills , independence and social inclusion , including accessing training and employment opportunities . Outreach -- to enable people to maintain their tenancy , manage their finances , get involved with their community and increase their daily living skills . Day opportunities -- opportunities to engage in meaningful work including one-to-one support to set and achieve personal goals , Residential care -- Turning Point provide a number of residential care services for people with a wide range of support needs . Turning Point use assistive technology and other aids and equipment to support people to maintain and increase their independence , alongside our dedicated staff team . Residential care with learning disability nurses -- Turning Point provides community-based residential care with nursing to individuals with a learning disability and complex health needs . Each person is supported by a team of support workers and nurses working in close partnership with local health professionals . Support for people under the mental health act -- Turning Point deliver community-based support within a highly specialist independent service . With support focussed on enhancing people 's quality of life and reducing challenging behaviour . Substance misuse services include : County-wide integrated drug and alcohol services , including young people 's services and family support Care co-ordination Supported living -- supporting people to develop skills to live more independently as they move through their drug and alcohol recovery . Psychosocial support which can include group work and 1:1 counselling Residential detox -- Turning Point support people 's recovery with group work , peer support and helping them to attend additional support groups and supporting people 's recovery with group work , peer support and helping them to attend additional support groups . Residential rehabilitation -- intensive therapeutic support in an abstinent living environment to support those who may not have succeeded in traditional community settings . Criminal justice system -- services work with clients at the point of their arrest , during their time in prison and after their release to tackle the root causes of offending and support positive integration back into the community . Education , training and employment support In 2015 the charity denied accusations of `` black on black racism '' in its appeal against the decision of an earlier employment tribunal that Adebowale had unfairly dismissed the charity 's IT director , Ibukun Adebayo . The tribunal did find that Adebayo 's actions in accessing lewd emails about her from the charity 's deputy chief executive to Adebowale , constituted gross misconduct , but ruled that this did not justify Adebowale 's actions . Adebayo 's lawyers said that the actions were unfair because the deputy chief executive 's behaviour `` was more serious than the claimant 's by way of his seniority and position as sponsor of Turning Point 's equal opportunities policy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d54de18f999e4d409711fdc7c959f6", "text": "Elsie de Wolfe Elsie de Wolfe , also known as Lady Mendl , ( December 20 , 1859 ? -- July 12 , 1950 ) was an American actress , interior decorator , nominal author of the influential 1913 book The House in Good Taste , and a prominent figure in New York , Paris , and London society . According to The New Yorker , `` Interior design as a profession was invented by Elsie de Wolfe , '' although the praise is not strictly true . De Wolfe was certainly the most famous name in the field until the 1930s , but the profession of interior decorator/designer was recognized as a promising one as early as 1900 , five years before she received her first official commission , The Colony Club in New York . During her married life ( from 1926 until her death in 1950 ) the press often referred to her as Lady Mendl . She was born in New York City and died at Versailles , France . Cremated , her ashes were placed in a common grave , the lease expired , in Pere Lachaise Cemetery , Paris", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae13681606576cd348b07394840afe28", "text": "Landmark Trust The Landmark Trust is a British building conservation charity , founded in 1965 by Sir John and Lady Smith , that rescues buildings of historic interest or architectural merit and then makes them available for holiday rental . The Trust 's headquarters is at Shottesbrooke in Berkshire . Most Trust properties are in England , Scotland and Wales . Several are on Lundy Island off the coast of north Devon , operated under lease from the National Trust . In continental Europe there are Landmark sites in Belgium , France and Italy . Five properties are in the United States -- all in Vermont -- one of which , Naulakha , was the home of Rudyard Kipling in the 1890s . The Trust is a charity registered in England & Wales and in Scotland . The American sites are owned by an independent sister charity , Landmark Trust USA . There is also an Irish Landmark Trust . Those who rent `` Landmarks '' provide a source of funds to support restoration costs and building maintenance . The first rentals were in 1967 when six properties were available . In 2015 the Trust had 196 properties available . Landmark sites include forts , farmhouses , manor houses , mills , cottages , castles , gatehouses , follies and towers and represent historic periods from medieval to the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5650266bab4567db9cf89b9387aad4", "text": "Eleanor Cripps Kennedy Eleanor Eliza Cripps Kennedy ( 1825 -- 1913 ) was a Canadian businesswoman , musician , artist , and author . Born in London , England , on 2 November 1825 , Kennedy emigrated to the Red River Settlement ( now Manitoba ) with her husband William Kennedy in 1861 to establish a mission school for the Church of England . Though they tried to return to England in 1862 , they were trapped by a Sioux uprising in Minnesota that prevented them from leaving the province by their intended route . After returning to Red River , the couple imported the second piano to appear in the settlement , on which Kennedy performed . They built the first frame house in Manitoba in 1866 , which they called `` Maple Grove '' . Kennedy organized a clothing club during the `` severe grasshopper plagues of the later 1860s '' . Known locally as `` The Duchess '' , she was heavily involved in efforts to open a hospital in the settlement . The Kennedys were next caught up in the Red River Rebellion in 1869 -- Eleanor was said to have personally delivered a letter to Louis Riel asking him to stop the fighting . `` Distressing '' gossip arose that she had petitioned for the life of Riel and demanded the death of Thomas Scott . She appealed to Robert Machray to address the source of the rumours , her parish priest , from whom she refused to take communion ; she threatened to leave the church if this was not done , and Machray had the priest apologize . After the entrance of the province of Manitoba into Canadian Confederation , Kennedy established a millinery business to import clothing and foodstuffs , which provided the family with financial support while William was stricken with rheumatism . While it was initially successful , `` William began stocking inferior products , accepting land deeds and scrip in payment '' , resulting in its eventual failure . William died in January 1890 . Kennedy moved to Virden , Manitoba , where she painted nature works , played organ at the local church , and wrote poetry . She died on 4 October 1913 and was buried in St. Andrews , Manitoba .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eaecd2ef6720579f577c56a57234267", "text": "Fawcett Society The Fawcett Society is an organisation in the United Kingdom that campaigns for women 's rights . The organisation 's roots date back to 1866 , when Millicent Garrett Fawcett dedicated her life to the peaceful campaign for women 's suffrage . It is a charity registered with the Charity Commission and has a membership of around 3,000 alongside some high-profile supporters such as Jenni Murray , Bill Bailey , Kate Mosse , Josie Long and Patrick Stewart . The organisation states that it campaigns on `` women 's representation in politics and public life ; pay , pensions and poverty ; valuing caring work ; and the treatment of women in the justice system '' . It uses `` independent research and evidence to better understand key issues and generate media coverage , reports and briefings that both increase awareness and put pressure on powerful policy and decision makers to act . '' There are autonomous , self managed , regional Fawcett Society groups which work in their local areas , from East London to Bristol to safeguard the rights of women . The library and archives of the Society , formerly the Fawcett Library , are now part of the Women 's Library at the British Library of Political and Economic Science , the main library of the London School of Economics and Political Science .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80", "text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b", "text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0108f305c4f22874d4b1a2b8778b37fb", "text": "Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II The evacuation of civilians in Britain during the Second World War was designed to protect civilians in Britain , particularly children , from the risks associated with aerial bombing of cities by moving them to areas thought to be less at risk . Operation Pied Piper , which began on 1 September 1939 , officially relocated more than 3.5 million people . Further waves of official evacuation and re-evacuation occurred on the south and east coasts in June 1940 , when a seaborne invasion was expected , and from affected cities after the Blitz began in September 1940 . There were also official evacuations from the UK to other parts of the British Empire , and many non-official evacuations within and from the UK . Other mass movements of civilians included British citizens arriving from the Channel Islands , and displaced people arriving from continental Europe . The Government Evacuation Scheme was developed during summer 1938 by the Anderson Committee and implemented by the Ministry of Health . The country was divided into zones , classified as either `` evacuation '' , `` neutral '' , or `` reception '' , with priority evacuees being moved from the major urban centres and billeted on the available private housing in more rural areas . Each zone covered roughly a third of the population , although several urban areas later bombed had not been classified for evacuation . In early 1939 , the reception areas compiled lists of available housing . Space for a couple of thousand people was found , and the government also constructed camps which provided a few thousand additional spaces . In summer 1939 , the government began to publicise its plan through the local authorities . They had overestimated demand : only half of all school-aged children were moved from the urban areas instead of the expected 80 % . There was enormous regional variation : as few as 15 % of the children were evacuated from some urban areas , while over 60 % of children were evacuated in Manchester and Belfast and Liverpool . The refusal of the central government to spend large sums on preparation also reduced the effectiveness of the plan . In the event over 1,474,000 people were evacuated .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dbe4a414c8ec7a3725e69fd7118efa63", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 3) The third season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31 , 2013 , and concluded on June 9 , 2013 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season is based roughly on the first half of A Storm of Swords ( the third of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by George R. R. Martin , of which the series is an adaptation ) . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10 , 2012 , nine days after the second season 's premiere . Production began in July 2012 . The show was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia , Iceland and Morocco . The story takes place in a fictional world , primarily upon a continent called Westeros , with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos . Like the novel , the season follows the climatic battle at Kings Landing . Season three like the previous season mainly centres around the war of the five kings ; after the death of Renly Baratheon ( Gethin Anthony ) , all four kings in Westeros believes to have a claim to the Iron Throne , besides Robb Stark ( Richard Madden ) , who seeks vengeance for the death of his father , Lord Eddard `` Ned '' Stark ( Sean Bean ) . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Ciarán Hinds , Nathalie Emmanuel and Iwan Rheon . Critics praised the show 's production values and cast . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . It won 2 of the 16 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated , it received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ( Dinklage ) , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series ( Clarke ) and Outstanding Drama Series . It also won the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a7b7dc6507c639331728d04136e0cb", "text": "Game of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire , George R. R. Martin 's series of fantasy novels , the first of which is A Game of Thrones . It is filmed at Titanic Studios in Belfast , on location in the United Kingdom , and in Canada , Croatia , Iceland , Malta , Morocco , Spain , and the United States . The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17 , 2011 , and its sixth season ended on June 26 , 2016 . The series was renewed for a seventh season , which is scheduled to premiere on July 16 , 2017 , and will conclude with its eighth season in 2018 . Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos , Game of Thrones has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast . The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms , with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne . The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm 's deposed ruling dynasty ; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North . Game of Thrones has attracted record viewership on HBO and has a broad , active , international fan base . It has been acclaimed by critics , particularly for its acting , complex characters , story , scope , and production values , although its frequent use of nudity and violence ( including sexual violence ) has attracted criticism . The series has received 38 Primetime Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Drama Series in 2015 and 2016 , more than any other primetime scripted television series . Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation ( 2012 -- 2014 ) , a 2011 Peabody Award , and four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama ( 2012 and 2015 -- 2017 ) . Of the ensemble cast , Peter Dinklage has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ( 2011 and 2015 ) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film ( 2012 ) for his performance as Tyrion Lannister . Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke , Kit Harington , Maisie Williams , Diana Rigg , and Max von Sydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances in the series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9", "text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0864f6f01f1d8ae2b7e7e8c17b53ec", "text": "Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault . The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574b707fd36c1d91314092f0440c4bd4", "text": "David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b27f037852dcfd92ab77f8833dab56e", "text": "Life (UK TV series) Life is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC in association with The Open University . It was first broadcast as part of the BBC 's Darwin Season on BBC One and BBC HD from October to December 2009 . The series takes a global view of the specialised strategies and extreme behaviour that living things have developed in order to survive ; what Charles Darwin termed `` the struggle for existence '' . Four years in the making , the series was shot entirely in high definition . Life premiered on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom consisting of ten 50-minute episodes . The opening programme gives a general introduction to the series , a second look at plants , and the remainder are dedicated to some of the major animal groups . They aim to show common features that have contributed to the success of each group , and to document intimate and dramatic moments in the lives of selected species chosen for their charisma or their extraordinary behaviour . A ten-minute making-of feature Life on Location aired at the end of each episode , taking the total running time to 60 minutes . Life is produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and The Open University . It is distributed under licence by the BBC in over 50 other countries , including by the Discovery Channel in the United States and Skai TV in Greece . The original script was written and narrated by David Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69eb15ab00123c7d58a586a3504c4d50", "text": "Blackadder Goes Forth Blackadder Goes Forth is the fourth and final series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Ben Elton , which aired from 28 September to 2 November 1989 on BBC One . The series placed the recurring characters of Blackadder , Baldrick and George in a trench in Flanders during World War I , and followed their various doomed attempts to escape from the trenches to avoid certain death under the misguided command of General Melchett . The series is particularly noted for its criticism of the British Army leadership during the campaign , and also refers to a number of famous figures of the age . In addition , the series is remembered for the poignant ending of the final episode . Despite initial concerns that the comedy series might trivialise the events of the war , the series won widespread acclaim on its release , and won the British Academy Television Award for Best Comedy Series in 1989 . It has since become regarded as a classic television sitcom , and in 2000 was placed 16th by industry professionals in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes compiled by the British Film Institute . However , some historians have criticized it for presenting an oversimplified view of the war , reinforcing the popular notion of `` lions led by donkeys '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8ff5e5ccef373441d5aefc5d5f9731b", "text": "The Robinsons The Robinsons is a British comedy television series that debuted on BBC Two on 5 May 2005 . The show 's central character is a divorced reinsurance actuary , Ed Robinson ( played by Martin Freeman ) , who realises that reinsurance is not his passion and decides to rethink his life . The series is written and directed by Mark Bussell and Justin Sbresni . The show 's executive producers include Jon Plowman and Michele Buck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b340b11ac156cccd93e0f0936f0e7a", "text": "The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him . Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187c4140abf5905d0515b92e5d37b6b2", "text": "Camelot (TV series) Camelot is a 2011 historical-fantasy-drama television series which premiered on 1 April 2011 . It was co-produced by the Starz cable network and GK-TV which began production during the summer of 2010 . The series , based on the Arthurian legend , was produced by Graham King , Morgan O'Sullivan and Michael Hirst . A special preview showing of the pilot episode `` Homecoming '' was aired on Starz Friday night , 25 February 2011 . On 30 June 2011 Starz announced it was not going to order new seasons of Camelot , citing significant production challenges , predominantly scheduling conflicts with some members of the cast , including Joseph Fiennes , Jamie Campbell Bower and Eva Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33149ae166aaa4c7f40c6b82e9745a", "text": "Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) . Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4221ab081020f438422f6f8002e62c", "text": "Ben Crompton Benjamin `` Ben '' Lorton Crompton ( born 1974 ) is an English actor , best known as one of the stars of the BBC sketch show Man Stroke Woman and Eddison Tollett in the HBO series Game of Thrones . In addition he appeared as Colin in the BBC Three sitcom Ideal with Johnny Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad511207d14bf63d9a7cf8c5596b89d0", "text": "The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series , created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15 , 2015 to November 17 , 2015 . On November 18 , 2015 , Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bbbe05f56179be63676836a621696a", "text": "Youngers Youngers is a British comedy drama series created by Benjamin Kuffuor and Levi David Addai . It began airing on E4 on 20 March 2013 . It is produced by Big Talk Productions . The series has been picked up for international distribution by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "30bc1f2472c513813979754bf9f4e4b1", "text": "David Schwimmer David Lawrence Schwimmer ( born November 2 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer ( 1996 ) , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool ( 1998 ) , Six Days , Seven Nights ( 1998 ) , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces ( 2000 ) . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing ( 2006 ) , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl ( s ) in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b39ea1f3e9b64b8f8b6996da4c748b00", "text": "Moramanga Moramanga is a city ( commune urbaine ) in Madagascar . Between the capital city Antananarivo and the east coast . The name Mora-manga literally means `` easy to beautify '' . The city of Moramanga has an important place in the history of Madagascar . It was in Moramanga , on the night of the 29th of March 1947 that the Malagasy Uprising against French colonial rule started . Moramanga is also the capital city of the Bezanozano people ( one of the eighteen Ethnic groups of Madagascar ) . Moramanga is in the Alaotra-Mangoro region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e621ca2f6f159bf8d0d8732e09e8b45", "text": "Barsoomian language Barsoomian is the constructed language of the fictional Barsoomians , the sapient humanoid inhabitants of Mars in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was developed from Burroughs ' examples and descriptions by Paul Frommer for the 2012 film John Carter of Mars ; Frommer also created the Na ' vi language for Avatar . Spoken Barsoomian has mostly lexical words , with the equivalent of grammatical words such as prepositions and pronouns conveyed telepathically . There are few inflections , and word order is fixed to verb -- subject -- object . Possession is indicated by juxtaposing the object with the possessor , as in Malay . There is a word that makes direct object definite , as in Hebrew . The vocabulary is relatively simple , with little poetic language . Some inflection is found in the pronouns . For the object , the initial consonant is suffixed : tu `` I '' , tut `` me '' ; ki `` he '' , kik `` him '' . To form the plural , the consonants are voiced : du `` we '' , dud `` us '' , gi `` they '' . The effect of the language is staccato . There are ten vowels , five long and five short , transcribed short a e i o u and long aa ey ee oa oo ; diphthongs are ao ( as in how ) and ay ( as in high ) . Consonants are similar to English ( b d j g , p t -LSB- linktʃtj -RSB- k , v z , f -LSB- linkθth -RSB- s h , r l , m n , w y ) , with the addition of the velar fricatives ch -LSB- blinkx -RSB- and gh -LSB- blinkɣ -RSB- . Consonants , both voiced and unvoiced , may also be long or short . In the books it is mentioned that Barsoomian is the only language spoken on the entire planet of Barsoom . Therefore , there never are any language barriers between different people from Barsoom , no matter what country or city on the planet they originate from . Written versions of Barsoomian however can differ greatly between different cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7acd50be89f029165fc41d84c7b7e232", "text": "Ross Geller Ross Geller , Ph.D. , is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends , portrayed by David Schwimmer . Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy , pathetic but lovable demeanor . He is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict , often leading to an arcing storyline within a show . His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time , as well as Entertainment Weeklys `` 30 Best ` Will They/Won ' t They ? ' TV Couples '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e987e945a3de05a96f0cf985c8f74348", "text": "Merina people The Merina people , also known as the Imerina , Antimerina or Hova , are the largest ethnic group in Madagascar . They are the `` highlander '' Malagasy ethnic group of the African island , and one of the country 's eighteen official ethnic groups . Their origins are mixed , predominantly with Malayo-Indonesians arriving before the 5th century AD , then many centuries later by Arabs , Africans and other ethnic groups . They speak the Merina language , and one of their dialects is the official Malagasy language of Madagascar . The Merina people are most commonly found in the center of the island ( former Antananarivo Province ) . Beginning in the late 18th century , Merina sovereigns expanded the political region under their control from their interior capital , outwards into the island , with their king Radama I ultimately helping unite the island under their rule . The French fought two wars with the Merina people in 1883-1885 and in 1895 , colonized Madagascar in 1895 -- 96 , and abolished the Merina monarchy in 1897 . They built innovative and elaborate irrigation infrastructure and highly productive rice farms in high plateaus of Madagascar by the 18th century . The Merina people were socially stratified with hierarchical castes , inherited occupations and endogamy , as well as one where two of the major and long serving monarchs of the Merina people were queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5cc0e2448b3fa2f66a91d0c39005a67", "text": "Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long , black and white ringed tail . It belongs to Lemuridae , one of five lemur families , and is the only member of the Lemur genus . Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar . Known locally in Malagasy as maky ( -LSB- makʲ -RSB- , spelled maki in French ) or hira , it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island . It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs . The animal is diurnal , being active exclusively in daylight hours . The ring-tailed lemur is highly social , living in groups of up to 30 individuals . It is also female dominant , a trait common among lemurs . To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds , groups will huddle together . The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe , sitting upright facing its underside , with its thinner white fur towards the sun . Like other lemurs , this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands . The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents . As one of the most vocal primates , the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls . Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur , despite the lack of a large brain ( relative to simiiform primates ) , can organize sequences , understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities . Despite reproducing readily in captivity and being the most populous lemur in zoos worldwide , numbering more than 2,000 individuals , the ring-tailed lemur is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction and hunting for bush meat and the exotic pet trade . At present ( as of early 2017 ) , the population in the wild is believed to have crashed as low as 2,000 individuals due to habitat loss , poaching and hunting , making them far more critically endangered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f61bfcf3c052cbd567a81e4ac173d5", "text": "Sanguma This article is about the band . For the tradition of herbal medicines , see herbal medicine , or black magic . Sanguma was a Papua New Guinean musical ensemble active from 1977 to 1985 . They combined music from the cultural tradition of Papua New Guinea with Western instruments and were one of the first Papua New Guinean music groups to perform internationally . Sanguma formed at the National Arts School in 1977 and performed in their homeland at the South Pacific Festival of Arts in 1980 . Sanguma were nurtured very closely in their early days by the Australian musician Ric Halstead , who was a lecturer at the National Arts School in Port Moresby from whence Sanguma originated . Sanguma produced three albums in cassette format ; the two eponymously titled Sanguma 1 and Sanguma 2 in the late 1970s and in 1983 , ` Sanguma Suites ' , an adventurous excursion into progressive/traditional/rock / jazz/fusion composed by band members Tony Subam ( East Sepik Province ) and Sebastian Miyoni ( Milne Bay Province ) and ostensibly by these two musicians rather than the band Sanguma , but as the band featured heavily on the album it was in all but name a Sanguma album . The first two albums were somewhat better received than was Sanguma Suites as they were closer to the traditional music of Papua New Guinea . The last album utilised modern amplified instrumentation to supplement the traditional flutes , drums and vocal sequences . Sanguma supported UK reggae band Steel Pulse on a tour of the USA West Coast in 1983 , receiving favourable reviews and attracting interest in Papua New Guinea 's traditions and indirectly promoting the nascent tourist industry . Hearing the Future : The Music and Magic of the Sanguma Band , by Denis Crowdy , was published in January 2016 by University of Hawai'i Press in their series on Music and Performing Arts of Asia and the Pacific . A brief description of the book is as follows : `` During the turbulent decades of the 1970s and 1980s , Papua New Guinea gained political independence from a colonial hold that had lasted almost a century . It was an exciting time for a diverse group of pioneering musicians who formed a band they named `` Sanguma . '' These Melanesian artists heard an imagined future and performed it during a socially and politically critical time for the region . They were united under one goal : to create a sound that represented the birth of a new , sovereign , and distinctly Melanesian nation ; and to express their values , identities , and cosmology through their music and performance . Sanguma 's experimental music sounded the complex expectations and pressures of their modern nation and helped to steer its postcolonial journey through music . In Hearing the Future , Australian ethnomusicologist Denis Crowdy documents and analyzes the music and activities of the Sanguma band , arguing that their music was a vital form of cultural expression in sync with sociopolitical change then taking place in PNG . Drawing from rock , jazz , and nascent `` world music '' influences , Sanguma reached audiences far from their home nation , introducing the world to modern music , Melanesia-style , with its fusion of old and new , local and global . Performances ranged from ensembles of Melanesian log drums ( garamuts ) to extended songs and improvisations involving electric guitars , synthesizers , saxophone , trumpet , bamboo percussion , panpipes , and kuakumba flutes . The band sang in a variety of local vernacular languages , as well as in Tok Pisin and English . To further emphasize their ancestral style , the musicians wore decorative headdresses and body decoration from all around the nation , along with distinctive pants featuring indigenous designs . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72bdb3a518a9ff0a00b80183a3e63826", "text": "Matthew Sunderland Matthew `` Matt '' Sunderland ( born c. 1972 ) is a New Zealand Actor , Writer and Director . He performed the lead role of David Gray in the feature film Out of the Blue , based on the events of the Aramoana Massacre . At the New Zealand Screen Awards in 2008 he won Best Actor Award for this role . Sunderland also stars as Uncle Rory in Cannes Winner Daniel Borgmans debut Feature The Weight of Elephants Produced by Zentropa films and Severe Features . Sunderland was also nominated for a Best Actor Award in the 2006 NZ Screen Awards for Natures Way , which screened In Competition at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006 . His other feature film roles include A Song of Good , Christmas , Stringer , Woodenhead Existence and The Devil 's Rock as well as more than twenty short films . Matthew made his directorial/screenwriting debut with the short film Tuffy which deals with estrangement between a father and son , in small town New Zealand . Sunderland graduated from The New Zealand Drama School Toi Whakaari in 1997 and has concentrated on New Zealand film work with numerous theatre excursions also . He has appeared at the Silo Theatre ( Fool for Love , Blasted ) , and the Herald Theatre ( Trainspotting ) in Auckland , and the Court Theatre in Christchurch ( Peninsula ) . In 2013 Matt played in the stage adaption of Kate Grenville 's Booker Prize -- winning The Secret River with the Sydney Theatre Company , to 5 star reviews , which toured throughout Australia . Sunderland appeared in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as White Dragon , in a storyline concluding the 3 year Kieran Mitchell story arc . In 2016 , Sunderland played the role of a drunken man resisting alien abduction in the music video for Bergschrund by DJ Shadow & Nils Frahm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa953bad38bca1fbf0fe3cb22da64299", "text": "Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music . The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change . The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28216602d5707917952e5b2258bf72f", "text": "David Soren (animator) David Soren ( born April 19 , 1973 ) is a Canadian director , writer , voice actor , and storyboard artist at DreamWorks Animation . His most notable work are TV specials based on the Madagascar film franchise , Merry Madagascar , and Madly Madagascar . He directed the 2013 animated feature film Turbo , which is based on his own original concept .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ba0f175d9635a0afe64b8e6ef0547c4", "text": "The Last Unicorn (film) The Last Unicorn is a 1982 animated fantasy film directed and produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass . It was produced by Rankin/Bass Productions for ITC Entertainment and animated by Topcraft . Based on the novel The Last Unicorn written by Peter S. Beagle , who also wrote the film 's screenplay , the film is about a unicorn who , upon learning that she is the last of her species in the world , goes on a quest to find out what has happened to the others of her kind . The film includes the voices of Alan Arkin , Jeff Bridges , Mia Farrow , Angela Lansbury , and Christopher Lee . The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb , and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra , with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell . The film earned $ 2,250,000 on its opening weekend and grossed $ 6,455,330 domestically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94266326488e4f097079b5654dc970e6", "text": "Frosty the Snowman (film) Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 animated Christmas television special based on the song `` Frosty the Snowman '' . The program , which first aired on December 7 , 1969 on CBS ( where it still airs to this day ) , was produced for television by Rankin/Bass Productions and featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante as the film 's narrator ( Durante 's final performance in a film ) and Jackie Vernon as the title character . Arthur Rankin , Jr. and Jules Bass wanted to give the show and its characters the look of a Christmas card , so Paul Coker , Jr. , a greeting card and Mad magazine artist , was hired to do the character and background drawings . The animation was produced by Mushi Production in Japan , with then-Mushi staffer Osamu Dezaki among the animation staff . Rankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television as he had done with Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer . TV Guide ranked the special number 4 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4adef51ed73ab6a1efd701170b5c494", "text": "Marc Schubring Marc Schubring ( born 13 April 1968 in Berlin ) is a German composer . Marc Schubring was born in Berlin , studied composition with Theo Brandmüller at the University of the Saarland , was Head of Theatrical Music at the Saarland State Theatre , Saarbrücken from 1994 to 1999 and is a member of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theatre Workshop , New York and the Dramatists Guild of America . He has been associated with the author Wolfgang Adenberg since 1990 in a productive collaboration which has given birth to two of the most frequently produced German-language musicals : Fletsch -- Saturday Bite Fever ( 1993 , book : Holger Hauer ) and Emil und die Detektive , which was premiered at the Theater am Potsdamer Platz in Berlin in 2001 . The partnership also created Cyrano de Bergerac ( 1995 , revised 2009 ) , Moulin Rouge Story ( 2008 ) , Der Mann , der Sherlock Holmes war ( 2009 ) , Tell ( 2012 , book : Hans Dieter Schreeb ) and Zum Sterben schön ( 2013 ) . Most recently , the latest Schubring-Adenberg musical , '' Pünktchen und Anton `` after Erich Kästner , was given its first performance at the Junges Theater Bonn in September 2014 . In 2000 Marc Schubring wrote the chamber opera nimmerlandmensch based on texts by Birger Sellin , and in 2003 he adapted the music of Das Feuerwerk by Paul Burkhard for the Burgtheater in Vienna , for which he also created the arrangements . For the Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin , he produced compositions for the review Rhythmus Berlin ( 2003 ) and the score for the children 's review Der Zauberer von Camelot ( 2007 , book/lyrics : Lutz Hübner ) . He wrote additional songs for the musical Friedrich -- Mythos und Tragödie ( 2012 ) and for Kolpings Traum ( 2013 ) . For the Koblenz Theatre , he created the music for the family musicals Das Dschungelbuch ( 2012 ) and Jim Knopf ( 2013 ) . The Hanau Brothers Grimm Festival commissioned him to write the musical Aschenputtel ( 2014 ) . In addition , Marc Schubring regularly writes film music for feature films and documentaries for television stations such as ZDF , KiKa , WDR and arte . In 2015 he wrote musicals such as `` Gefährliche Liebschaften ( Dangerous Liaisons ) `` for the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz , Munich , Der gestiefelte Kater ( Puss in Boots ) for Hanau and Double Trouble based on Kästner 's Das doppelte Lottchen for Washington , D.C.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c60fd9e43d38bd22a696fbf8982e6ef5", "text": "David Sant David Sant is a Spanish English director , writer , actor and voice actor . He was born in Catalonia , Spain . He is best known for the role of Cartoon Head from series two of the British television show Ideal and is also known for playing the title role and the other male characters in the season 5 -- 6 revival of Pingu , replacing Carlo Bonomi . He has directed many television series including Jonathan Creek , Benidorm and Stella . He has also appeared the theatrical roles , including Mindbender , presented by the theater company Peepolykus , and All in the Timing by David Ives , also presented by Peepolykus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b1eba584a7dd1136a3e5b74820dde7", "text": "Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b02ca9b9186714ec9e6fad281ace7cf3", "text": "Scummy Man Scummy Man is a short film , written and directed by Paul Fraser and produced by Mark Herbert and Diarmid Scrimshaw , based on the song `` When the Sun Goes Down '' by the Arctic Monkeys , and released on DVD on 10 April 2006 by Domino Records . The film , like the song , focuses on prostitution in Sheffield , and uses the same actors as the music video to document a night in the life of the fictional ` Nina ' , a 15-year-old drug addict who works as a prostitute in the Neepsend district . The film stars Lauren Socha as ` Nina ' and Stephen Graham as George , known by the nickname of ` Scummy Man ' , a violent and manipulative ` customer ' of ` Nina 's , who attacks and intimidates both ` Nina ' and those who try to help her escape prostitution , such as a magician who offers her a job as his assistant in his act . The magician becomes a victim of the Scummy Man 's behaviour but is not without his own flaws , as the film-maker begs if anyone is really inherently good . In order to achieve a documentary feel for the footage , the film was shot in 16 mm film by Danny Cohen . The DVD includes an extra film titled Just Another Day , which is more hopeful and upbeat in tone , and focuses on how every day events , such as being offered a lift by a taxicab driver , present opportunity and hope for her future . Just Another Day depicts the same chain of events , but from the perspective of the taxi driver who brings the Scummy Man to Nina , who takes pity on her as she reminds him of his own daughter who died young and would have been the same age as Nina were she still alive . The name of the film comes from a line in `` When the Sun Goes Down '' , describing the `` customer '' of the girl featured in the song , The film won an award for `` Best Music DVD '' at the 2007 NME Awards on 1 March 2007 . The only band member to appear in the film is Matt Helders . He is offered oral sex by Nina at the beginning of the film , but turns it down , saying he is going to band practice . Besides this , Helders and Alex Turner are seen carrying musical equipment through a gate in the credits of Just Another Day , but they do not feature in the film itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa279afaedbb879902248e65ff41fa9b", "text": "First Born (TV series) First Born is a British television serial produced by the BBC in 1988 . Charles Dance starred as genetic researcher Edward Forester , whose work leads him to create a man-gorilla hybrid , using sperm from an unknown sperm donor and cells taken from a female gorilla . He then raises the baby as his own son , only to find that there are horrifying consequences for playing God . Vasco Sabino played the adolescent hybrid , Gor , in episode 3 . Other notable cast members included Jamie Foster , Julie Peasgood , Gabrielle Anwar , Philip Madoc , Sharon Duce and Roshan Seth . A portion of filming took place in and around the North Wiltshire area , with the Foresters family home scenes having been filmed on location in Calne . Woodland scenes from Episode 2 were primarily filmed on location at Savernake Forest near Marlborough , but were subsequently mixed with footage filmed on location in Switzerland . Longleat Safari Park was also used in filming as the setting for the kidnap scenes at the end of Episode 2 . The three-part serial was written by Ted Whitehead ( adapted from the novel Gor Saga by Maureen Duffy ) , produced by Sally Head and directed by Philip Saville . The theme tune was composed by Hans Zimmer . 2entertain Ltd released the serial on Region 2 DVD in the UK on 17 July 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fd0043c39190764bdc6319b0c498e06", "text": "Schlager (film) Schlager , or The Hit , is an Israeli comic musical film of 1979 . The script and lyrics writer and film director was Assi Dayan , the music was written by Svika Pick , and the stars were HaGashash HaHiver ( the Trackers ) trio . Comparing to other projects of Dayan , Pick , or the Trackers , this film did not sell well and did not take central place in the Israeli culture . However , one of its songs , `` Shir Ha ` frecha '' ( `` The Bimbo Song '' ) , performed by Ofra Haza , became Haza 's signature song .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "43570035e1453d670a0cbd027e319096", "text": "Australia Australia ( -LSB- əˈstreɪliə -RSB- , -LSB- ɒ - -RSB- , -LSB- - ljə -RSB- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east ; and New Zealand to the south-east . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century , Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians , who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups . After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several territories . The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia has the world 's 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income ( IMF ) . With the second-highest human development index globally , the country ranks highly in quality of life , health , education , economic freedom , and civil liberties and political rights . Australia is a member of the United Nations , G20 , Commonwealth of Nations , ANZUS , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , World Trade Organization , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , and the Pacific Islands Forum .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f87fb69dd3b8130f3865782144c9737", "text": "Classical music in Australia The earliest western musical influences in Australia can be traced to two distinct sources : in the first settlements , the large body of convicts , soldiers and sailors who brought the traditional folk music of England , Wales , Scotland and Ireland ; and the first free settlers , some of whom had been exposed to the European classical music tradition in their upbringing . Very little music has survived from this early period , although there are samples of music originating from Hobart and Sydney that date back to the early 19th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246fc3cc221a4c4179d48ec10a9b89f9", "text": "Conservation in Australia Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy . Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world , with a large portion of species endemic to Australia . Preserving this wealth of biodiversity is important for future generations . Animal habitats like reefs and forests must be preserved in order to preserve population and diversity of animal species . Conservation is vital for future study and for field research to be taken , and because biological richness is an unmeasurable aesthetic that may be developed into commercial recreational attractions . According to Janine Benyus , the potential for advances in biomimicry in Australia are great because the extreme weather and conditions found here provide an excellent evolutionary incubator . Research on natural processes can only occur if habitat is preserved and organisms continue to thrive . Federal and State governments manage protected areas and national parks ; a number of non-governmental organizations are also involved in conservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc5ee4c572fcb0c1d643d2dce54774c2", "text": "Convict women in Australia Convict women in Australia were British prisoners whom the government increasingly sent out during the era of transportation ( 1787-1868 ) in order to develop the penal outpost of New South Wales ( now a state of Australia ) into a viable colony . These women faced extreme difficulty in achieving freedom , solvency and respectability . They would be employed in ` factories ' ( equivalent of the English workhouse ) but often had to find their own accommodation , and would be under great pressure to pay for it with sexual services . In this way , all the women convicts tended to be regarded as prostitutes . But it is a popular misconception that they had originally been convicted of prostitution , as this was not a transportable offence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa3df386e038ee76ba9ec1639e4cb8c2", "text": "Pilbara The Pilbara ( -LSB- ˈpɪlbərʌ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈpɪlbrʌ -RSB- ) is a large , dry , thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia . It is known for its Aboriginal peoples ; its ancient landscapes ; the red earth ; its vast mineral deposits , in particular iron ore ; and as a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna . It is one of nine regions of the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , and is also a bioregion under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia ( IBRA ) . The region has an estimated population of 48,610 . The Pilbara covers an area of 502,000 km2 , which includes some of Earth 's oldest rock formations . It includes landscapes of coastal plains and mountain ranges with cliffs and gorges . The major settlements of the region are Port Hedland , Karratha and Newman . The three main ports in this region are Port Hedland , Dampier and Port Walcott . The area is known for its petroleum , natural gas and iron ore deposits , which contribute significantly to Australia 's economy . Other than mining , pastoral activities as well as fishing and tourism are the main industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee1147a5f73e9c8d8c4722d6a5b1259e", "text": "Journals of the First Fleet EngvarB | date = January 2014 ) There are 20 known contemporary accounts of the First Fleet made by people sailing in the Fleet , including journals ( both manuscript and published ) and letters . The eleven ships of the Fleet , carrying over 1,000 convicts , soldiers and seamen , left England on 13 May 1787 and arrived in Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788 before relocating to Port Jackson to establish the first European settlement in Australia , a penal colony which became Sydney . At least 12 people on the Fleet kept a journal of their experiences , some of which were later published , while others wrote letters home during the voyage or soon after their arrival in Australia . These personal accounts of the voyage were made by people including surgeons , officers , soldiers , ordinary seamen , and Captain Arthur Phillip , who commanded the expedition . Only one known account , that of James Martin , was by a transported convict . Their journals document the day to day experiences of those in the Fleet , and record significant events including the first contact between the European settlers and the Aboriginal people of the area . In 2009 , the manuscript journals were included in The Australian Memory of the World Register , a regional register associated with the UNESCO international Memory of the World programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9193c1145d3392c90a2a48ace0e843b2", "text": "Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation 's sovereign . Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy , largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government , while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia . The present monarch is Elizabeth II , styled Queen of Australia , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General , in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen . In each of the states , the monarch is represented by a governor , appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of each of her respective state governments . The Australian monarch , besides reigning in Australia , separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms . This developed from the former colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom , but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eafd7646a529d3ffaa3887b0abd1f5a", "text": "Flora Australiensis Flora Australiensis : a description of the plants of the Australian Territory , more commonly referred to as Flora Australiensis , and also known by its standard abbreviation Fl . Austral. , is a seven-volume flora of Australia published between 1863 and 1878 by George Bentham , with the assistance of Ferdinand von Mueller . It was one of the famous Kew series of colonial floras , and the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished . In total the flora included descriptions of 8125 species . Bentham prepared the flora from Kew ; with Mueller , the first plant taxonomist residing permanently in Australia , loaning the entire collection of the National Herbarium of Victoria to Bentham over the course of several years . Mueller had been dissuaded from preparing a flora from Australia while in Australia by Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker since historic collections of Australian species were all held in European herbaria which Mueller could not access from Australia . Mueller did eventually produce his own flora of Australia , the Systematic Census of Australian Plants published in 1882 extended the work of Bentham with the addition of new species and taxonomic revisions . Flora Australiensis was the standard reference work on the Australian flora for more than a century . As late as 1988 , James Willis wrote that `` Flora Australiensis still remains the only definitive work on the vascular vegetation of the whole continent . '' According to Nancy Burbidge , `` it represents a prodigious intellectual effort never equalled . '' Flora Australiensis is credited with forming the basis of subsequently published regional floras ; 19th century floras were published for all states except Western Australia , they were for the most part extracts of this work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3b83d3b58674e2eb066b66b9f53efa1", "text": "Land council Land councils , also known as land and sea councils , are Australian community organisations , generally organised by region , that are commonly formed to represent the Indigenous Australians who occupied their particular region before the arrival of European settlers . They have historically advocated for recognition of traditional land rights , and also for the rights of Indigenous people in other areas such as equal wages and adequate housing . Some states , such as the Northern Territory , have laws that provide for the existence of land councils and allocate them responsibilities for representing Aboriginal people in various matters . Other states do not have such laws , or have laws that provide for the existence of Aboriginal organisations that do not call themselves land councils to provide functions similar to those provided by land councils in some states . An example of this is in Victoria , where there are laws providing for organisations called ` Registered Aboriginal Parties ' , which provide functions in relation to Aboriginal people similar to those provided by land councils in , say , the Northern Territory . Most land councils provide representation and organisation in relation to native title matters for Indigenous Australians , and receive funding from the Australian Commonwealth Government to do this work . However , Commonwealth native title laws do not require such representation and organisation to be provided by land councils , and there are many other sorts of organisations that also provide these sorts of services . Most land councils were formed since the late 1970s to gain native title and other forms of Aboriginal land rights . Some land councils can be governed by other , larger councils , which federate multiple local land councils for representation at the state and federal level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a8318b031e05541a91e64bc403acf2", "text": "Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa . It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia , and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa , as one of its provinces . It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa . It was originally only about half the size of the present province , with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent Kingdom of Zululand ( KwaZulu in Zulu ) . Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban , and eventually the Boers accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure . A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony . The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s . Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations , so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India . As a result of the importation of Indian labourers , Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de18b0889f1e1c305f5c85d594a9a448", "text": "Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 . During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century . Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eff29fae5bdf194cd9d63037ee37d05", "text": "Civil disturbances in Western Australia This is a list of civil disturbances in Western Australia . Some of the civil disturbances in this list are considered to be race riots , prison riots , and religious conflicts -- often Protestant versus Catholic groups . The earliest civil disturbances were actions by the local indigenous population dealing with European settlers . Demonstrations and Protests are linked to a range of issues over time . In the convict era , there were collective actions by convicts . Organised labour had to deal with issues on the Goldfields in the 1890s and 1900s with demonstrations and protest actions , while in Perth these occurred in the 1960s and 1970s over war and race issues . There are some incidents in the 19th century where the causes are less clear . A restricted press and limited means of some groups to gain avenues to express their grievances in a dominated society , means that some disturbances were suppressed literally and disguised in the public record . In some cases some smaller disturbances ( alcohol-related fights ) in the Goldfields ( Kalgoorlie , Boulder and Coolgardie for instance ) would not be considered full-scale riots , but nonetheless the charges found either in newspaper or police records would suggest a significance beyond a simple incidence of drunken behaviour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "710112ae4524c2e33871fa9660e121fb", "text": "1894 Colonial Conference The Colonial Conference of 1894 was called by the government of Canada to continue discussion begun at the First Colonial Conference in 1887 on a proposal to lay a telegraph cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean to create a communications link between Canada and Australasia and , by extension , to the rest of the British Empire as part of what became referred to as the All Red Line network of cables throughout the Empire . The opening ceremonies were in the Senate Chamber in the Centre Block of the Canadian parliament buildings but day-to-day meetings occurred in the offices of the Minister of Trade and Commerce . The Earl of Jersey attended the conference as the representative of the British government and was instructed to listen and report back but not to make any commitments on behalf of the government . All self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony . Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities . The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined . Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada , New Zealand , the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony . Unlike other colonial conference , the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers . Resolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of `` one colony , one vote '' but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office . In addition to discussing telecommunications issues , the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire , however , this resolution was opposed by Australia 's largest colonies , New South Wales and Queensland , who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia 's protective tariffs . The proposal would be made again to the 1897 Colonial Conference but was not agreed to and would not be acted upon until the British Empire Economic Conference in 1932 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae00b01ff5714ca87cf9c882cdff5e9b", "text": "Mount Pleasant, Victoria Mount Pleasant is the oldest residential suburb of Ballarat , Victoria , Australia . It is located on the southern extremity of the city between the Yarrowee Creek and the White Horse Range . Physically it is largely cut off from the rest of Ballarat which contributes to a sense of a suburb apart . The traditional Wathaurung country was first invaded in 1836 when the Yuille brothers established a sheep run that included the sheltered corner under the escarpment later named Mount Pleasant . In those days , before there was a town at Ballarat , Buninyong was the nearest township . When the gold rush of 1851 brought thousands of diggers to nearby Golden Point , Mount Pleasant was left alone as no gold was initially found there . Its peacefulness made it attractive to a number of Cornish miners and their families who had come to Australia to settle permanently . These Wesleyans were the founders of the community . As devout and sober church people they sought a place to live away from the drunken mayhem of the diggings around Main Road . The converging lines of the main streets that lead into Mount Pleasant from the north ( Barkly , Humffray and Bond streets ) follow the original tracks that connected it to the Main Road commercial area in the 1850s . In December 1854 , on the gentle slope above the creek , the Cornish families set up their tents and established a school , a memorial to which can be found near the reserve . This quiet life was rudely disrupted in late 1856 when gold was found and for a few years Mount Pleasant itself suffered all the disturbances of a rush . The newer housing development beyond Elsworth Street is where much of the surface mining took place . There were several hotels near where the sewerage pipe now runs , When the alluvial gold ran out , the community settled down and its Methodist character reasserted itself . By the end of the century all the hotels had been closed . From the 1870s a string of Chinese market gardens were established along the creek . Humffray Street and even Morton Street were busy with shops . A very active community developed with sporting teams and cultural activities . The tent school soon became a well-attended denominational school next to the church . When the colonial government introduced free , compulsory and secular education , the Methodist school closed and in 1874 all 500 pupils marched to the new State School in Cobden Street , the first to be built in Ballarat . Until the 1970s Mount Pleasant was a largely self-contained community . It was the end of the line . From 1926 until 1972 an electric tram terminated at Bartles Corner ( the corner of Barkly and Cobden streets ) , where there were two general stores , a post office , a butcher , a cake shop and a shoe repairer . Everyone shopped locally . With the closure of the church and the everyday shops , it is mainly the primary school , which traces its origins back to the beginning of Mount Pleasant as a suburb , which continues as a communal centre . The suburb is bordered by the Yarrowee River to the west , Gladstone Street to the north , Magpie and Britain Street to the east and Ballarat Goldfields to the south . While Mount Pleasant is organized primarily on a grid plan , the converging lines of some streets indicate their origins as tracks before the streets were made . Th housing stock is solid but modest , with many Victorian era Single-family detached homes on larger than average blocks . There is some new industrial activity along Humffray Street below the reserve , where once there were several tanneries and a string of Chinese market gardens . The newer housing estate to the south of Elsworth Street is on the site of the alluvial gold rush of the late 1850s and traces of mining can still be seen . At the , Mount Pleasant had a population of 2,122 . A single bus service , the Buninyong ( Route 11 ) connects Mount Pleasant to the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c836114e5d1b60cee67ada046bb807d", "text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia . Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay . The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo . The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e907392a67c5c3467c07050fa2945c07", "text": "Colony of New South Wales The colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901 , when it became a State in the federal Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901 . At its greatest extent , the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales , Queensland , Victoria , Tasmania , and South Australia , as well as New Zealand . The first `` responsible '' self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary which in those days accounted also as the Premier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ba99564c10b31cb89cb4b8eb7a7a21", "text": "Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom . The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002967cf86b0e9a87178e7323df0093e", "text": "Western Desert cultural bloc The Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres , including the Gibson Desert , the Great Victoria Desert , the Great Sandy and Little Sandy Deserts in the Northern Territory , South Australia and Western Australia . The Western Desert cultural bloc can be said to stretch from the Nullarbor in the south to the Kimberley in the north , and from the Percival Lakes in the west through to the Pintupi lands in the Northern Territory . The term is often used by anthropologists and linguists when discussing the 40 or so Aboriginal groups that live there , who speak dialects of one language , often called the Western Desert language . Apart from the Canning Stock Route and the Rabbit-proof fence , white contact with this part of Australia was very rare , until the 1960s : No one had been out there . The desert , as far as the Department -LSB- WA Dept of Suppy -RSB- was concerned ... was an unknown , as it was to the whole of Western Australia . The Warburton Ranges -LSB- were -RSB- as far as anybody got . People in those days knew absolutely nothing about Aborigines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b26c0b8d50f80f238ff82c48073c42c1", "text": "History of Indigenous Australians The history of Aboriginal Australians is thought to have spanned 30,000 to 45,000 years , although some estimates have put the figure at up to 60,000 years before European settlement . The Aboriginal Australians lived with a strong dependence on the land , and also the water . Each group developed skills for the area in which they would live -- hunting or fishing or gathering . In the early 1900s it was commonly believed that the Indigenous population of Australia was going to become extinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a", "text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b269ab8e2cf6e45605ab64bace0f77eb", "text": "Bob Dylan Bob Dylan ( -LSB- ˈdɪlən -RSB- born Robert Allen Zimmerman ; May 24 , 1941 ) is an American poetic songwriter , singer , painter , writer , and Nobel prize laureate . He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades . Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s , when his songs chronicled social unrest . Early songs such as `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' and `` The Times They Are a-Changin ' '' became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement . Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival , his six-minute single `` Like a Rolling Stone '' , recorded in 1965 , enlarged the range of popular music . Dylan 's lyrics incorporate a wide range of political , social , philosophical , and literary influences . They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture . Initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie , Robert Johnson , and Hank Williams , Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres . His recording career , spanning more than 50 years , has explored the traditions in American song -- from folk , blues , and country to gospel , rock and roll , and rockabilly to English , Scottish , and Irish folk music , embracing even jazz and the Great American Songbook . Dylan performs with guitar , keyboards , and harmonica . Backed by a changing lineup of musicians , he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour . His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career , but his songwriting is considered his greatest contribution . Since 1994 , Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings , and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries . As a musician , Dylan has sold more than 100 million records , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award . Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , Minnesota Music Hall of Fame , Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame , and Songwriters Hall of Fame . The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a special citation for `` his profound impact on popular music and American culture , marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power . '' In May 2012 , Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama . In 2016 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature `` for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4dba2b1e818eff89b9d07ad1319d2d9c", "text": "The Folk Singer `` The Folk Singer '' is a folk song , written by Charles E. Daniels and American musician Johnny Cash and first recorded by Cash in 1968 . It is also known as `` Folk Singer '' or , less often , `` The Singer '' . Allegedly about American pop singer Tommy Roe , `` The Folk Singer '' was first recorded in 1968 and released as a b-side on a 45 RPM live reissue of Cash 's `` Folsom Prison Blues '' single in April 1968 . Later recorded by Burl Ives ( on the album , The Times They Are A-Changin ' ) the same year and Glen Campbell ( on the album , Try a Little Kindness ) in 1970 , the song reached a wider audience from these versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4d562c6295c6ab09750333b4cd8581c", "text": "As I Went Out One Morning `` As I Went Out One Morning '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding . He has only performed this song live once , in the early phase of the Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour . The lyrics to `` As I Went Out One Morning '' tell about a man who offers a hand to a woman in chains , but realizes that she wants more than he is offering , and that `` she meant to do -LSB- him -RSB- harm . '' A character identified as Tom Paine then appears , `` command -LSB- s -RSB- her to yield , '' and apologizes to the narrator for the woman 's actions . Tom Paine as a figure may represent common sense or civil liberties , which the historical Tom Paine championed . However , it is also likely that this song references the prestigious Tom Paine Award that Dylan received in 1963 from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee . Dylan delivered an acceptance speech and was booed and rushed from the stage when he claimed to have empathy for some of Lee Harvey Oswald feelings . The song bears a resemblance to the W. H. Auden poem As I Walked Out One Evening , including sharing the same iambic meter and quatrain form . Dylan 's use of harmonica on the song is distinctive . The flatted second ( as well as third , sixth , and seventh ) identifies the musical mode as Phrygian . Since the song is in F# minor ( played in D minor on a guitar with a capo at the fourth fret ) , Dylan must be playing a D harmonica . The usual modes for diatonic harmonica in minor keys are Aeolian and Dorian ( A or E harmonicas in the key of F# minor ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdbf7a7d002c9d954de2947191ecb08", "text": "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band The Byrds that was first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band 's second single , `` All I Really Want to Do '' . It was also included on The Byrds ' debut album , Mr. Tambourine Man . Written by Gene Clark , who also sings the lead vocal , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' features some of The Byrds ' early musical trademarks , including Jim McGuinn 's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar ; Clark 's pounding tambourine ; McGuinn , Clark and David Crosby 's complex harmony singing ; and a country-influenced guitar solo . Although it was initially released as a B-side , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that `` All I Really Want to Do '' spent on the Billboard charts . As a result , the song actually managed to chart in its own right at number 103 . Since its release , the song has become a rock music standard , inspiring a number of cover versions over the years . It is also considered by many critics to be one of the band 's , as well as Clark 's , best and most popular songs , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it at number 234 on their list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ea472bbc7dcbd7d9ef6616659bbcce", "text": "He Was a Friend of Mine `` He Was a Friend of Mine '' is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend . The earliest known version of the song is titled `` Shorty George '' ( Roud 10055 ) and was first recorded by musicologist couple John A. and Ruby Terrill Lomax in 1939 at the Clemens State Farm in Brazoria County , Texas in a version performed by African-American inmate Smith Casey , who accompanied himself on guitar . Alan Lomax described the song as a `` blues '' that was `` a dirge for a dead comrade . '' The song has since been recorded by many artists , including Bob Dylan , Dave Van Ronk , The Washington Squares , Bobby Bare , Mercury Rev , The Black Crowes , The Mitchell Trio , Willie Nelson , Nanci Griffith , Cat Power , The Leaves and , in a reworded version , The Byrds . The version recorded by Willie Nelson was used in the film Brokeback Mountain and inaccurately credits Bob Dylan as the songwriter . Dylan had arranged an early version of the tune in 1961 and his version can be heard on the compilation album The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "270250372c4caef17c9be8d848d2f11f", "text": "Clarence Ashley Clarence `` Tom '' Ashley ( September 29 , 1895 -- June 2 , 1967 ) was an American musician and singer , who played the clawhammer banjo and the guitar . He began performing at medicine shows in the Southern Appalachian region as early as 1911 , and gained initial fame during the late 1920s as both a solo recording artist and as a member of various string bands . After his `` rediscovery '' during the folk revival of the 1960s , Ashley spent the last years of his life playing at folk music concerts , including appearances at Carnegie Hall in New York and at the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5717a4082da9bd8328a615f329ba60b8", "text": "Never Ending Tour 2009 The Never Ending Tour is the popular name for Bob Dylan 's endless touring schedule since June 7 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8e09608139c5026cbabbefb7278087e", "text": "Shelter from the Storm `` Shelter from the Storm '' is a song by Bob Dylan , released on his 15th studio album , Blood on the Tracks , in 1975 . Along with `` Tangled Up in Blue '' , `` Shelter from the Storm '' was one of two songs from Blood on the Tracks to be re-released on the 2000 compilation The Essential Bob Dylan . The song also appears on two live albums by Bob Dylan -- Hard Rain ( from a May 1976 performance ) and At Budokan ( recorded in February 1978 ) . A first take of the song , from the same recording session that produced the album track , is featured in the soundtrack of the 1996 film Jerry Maguire . This outtake was also included on The Best of Bob Dylan , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) . Further appearances are in the Alias episode `` Trust Me '' , the Criminal Minds episode `` The Instincts '' , the FlashForward episode `` Believe '' , and the movies Warm Bodies , St. Vincent , and Steve Jobs . The Criminal Minds episode also includes several notations about Dylan , and the quote , `` I think the truly natural things are dreams , which nature ca n't touch with decay , '' is read by the fictional character Spencer Reid ( played by Matthew Gray Gubler ) . The song also appeared in the Numb3rs second season finale , `` Hot Shot , '' and in the third episode of the National Geographic Channel 's 2016 miniseries Mars . The song has been covered by Manfred Mann 's Earth Band , released on their 1996 studio album Soft Vengeance . Jimmy Lafave recorded the song on his 1992 live record Austin Skyline . The song has also been covered by jazz singer Cassandra Wilson on Belly of the Sun . Soul Flower Union as 嵐からの隠れ家 ( Arashi kara no Kakurega ) covered the song on their 2002 studio album Love ± Zero . Rodney Crowell covered the song , with EmmyLou Harris for Crowell 's 2005 album The Outsider . In 2006 , English singer-songwriter Steve Adey reinterpreted the song , slowing it down to a funeral pace . Adey 's version made The Times top songs of 2006 . The song is used in the movie , including as the ending credits theme Steve Jobs ( 2015 film ) . The song is used as the ending credits theme in the movie St. Vincent . Bill Murray is seen in the back yard listening to the song and singing along .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5769efafdfdc996ffa93fcfeb059cdff", "text": "Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued . The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre . A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock . In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c831825eb0d0f567d93b410b0529ef6", "text": "Gonesville `` Gonesville '' is a song by Bob Weir , which is the second single from his third solo album , Blue Mountain . Written by Weir in collaboration with members of The National ; Josh Ritter , Josh Kaufman , Scott Devendorf , Joe Russo , and The Walkmen 's Walter Martin , along with lyricists Gerrit Graham and John Perry Barlow . The producers are Josh Kaufman and Daniel Goodwin . `` Gonesville '' premiered on Rolling Stone 's website for streaming . `` Gonesville , '' is a bouncy , sing-along track that was co-written by Josh Ritter . Elias Leight , from Rolling Stone , described the song as `` Weir and his band shambling cheerfully here : The bass line hints at the verve of honky tonk , the harmonica scoots forward and the lead guitar spits lively licks . A raft of backing vocalists join in during the chorus , adding to the cool , festive air , and `` Gonesville '' comes to a close with a jaunty group chant . '' Speaking about the inspiration for song , Weir described the song as `` being a take on a Rockabilly tune . I was trying to go back and channel Elvis for the vocal , and for the music as well . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dc3b534912313458dd8031abbb8f90f", "text": "Never Ending Tour 2016 The Never Ending Tour is the popular name for Bob Dylan 's endless touring schedule since June 7 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ddc459fa27a75d6cdb150f62034283", "text": "Changing of the Guards `` Changing of the Guards '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released in 1978 as a single and as the first track on his album Street-Legal . As an A-side single it failed to reach the Billboard Top 100 . However , the song has been included on compilation albums : Bob Dylan 's Greatest Hits Volume 3 , released in 1994 , and the Deluxe Edition of Dylan , released in 2007 . A slightly longer mix of `` Changing of the Guards '' , including an extended fade , was included on editions of Street-Legal released in 1999 and 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52b1c19a7b8ef3b539c20352f78eed40", "text": "Gordon Lightfoot Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. . ( born November 17 , 1938 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who achieved international success in folk , folk-rock , and country music , and has been credited for helping define the folk-pop sound of the 1960s and 1970s . He has been referred to as Canada 's greatest songwriter and internationally as a folk-rock legend . Lightfoot 's songs , including `` For Lovin ' Me '' , `` Early Morning Rain '' , `` Steel Rail Blues '' , `` Ribbon of Darkness '' -- a number one hit on the U.S. country chart with Marty Robbins 's cover in 1965 -- and `` Black Day in July '' about the 1967 Detroit riot , brought him international recognition in the 1960s . He experienced chart success in Canada with his own recordings , beginning in 1962 with the No. 3 hit Me ) I 'm the One '' . Lightfoot 's recordings then made an impact on the international music charts as well in the 1970s , with songs such as `` If You Could Read My Mind '' ( 1970 ) his first U.S. top 10 hit reaching # 5 . `` Sundown '' ( 1974 ) a # 1 hit , `` Carefree Highway '' ( 1974 ) which followed reaching # 10 , `` Rainy Day People ( 1975 ) at # 25 , and `` The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' ( 1976 ) ( No. 2 , Hot 100 ) . Some of Lightfoot 's albums have achieved gold and multi-platinum status internationally . His songs have been recorded by some of the world 's most renowned recording artists , including Elvis Presley , Johnny Cash , Hank Williams Jr. , The Kingston Trio , Marty Robbins , Jerry Lee Lewis , Neil Young , Bob Dylan , Judy Collins , Barbra Streisand , Johnny Mathis , Herb Alpert , Harry Belafonte , Scott Walker , Sarah McLachlan , Eric Clapton , John Mellencamp , Jack Jones , Bobby Vee , Roger Whittaker , Peter , Paul and Mary , Glen Campbell , The Irish Rovers , Nico , Olivia Newton-John , Paul Weller , and Ultra Naté . Robbie Robertson of the Band described Lightfoot as `` a national treasure '' . Bob Dylan , also a Lightfoot fan , called him one of his favorite songwriters and , in an often-quoted tribute , Dylan observed that when he heard a Lightfoot song he wished `` it would last forever '' . Lightfoot was a featured musical performer at the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary , Alberta . He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree ( arts ) in 1979 and the Companion of the Order of Canada -- Canada 's highest civilian honour -- in 2003 . In November 1997 , Lightfoot was awarded the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award , Canada 's highest honour in the performing arts . On February 6 , 2012 , Lightfoot was presented with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario . In June that year he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame . On June 6 , 2015 , Lightfoot received an honorary doctorate of music in his hometown of Orillia from Lakehead University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de60318ce38b649a963c1fc6e0fd825a", "text": "Dueling pianos Dueling pianos ( also known simply as `` sing-along '' ) is a form of entertainment , usually on stage with two grand pianos , each played by a professional player who sings and entertains ; humor and audience participation are prevalent . Usually these types of piano bars have substantial sound systems , and most of the songs performed are rock and roll , `` classic rock '' , Top 40 , R&B , or country , played primarily by request . The modern format originated in late 1986 at Alley Cats in Dallas , Texas , and was based on the old-style dueling pianos still found at Pat O'Brien 's Bar in New Orleans . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63bcd0ad8581cff77de8accb18452339", "text": "List of Billboard number-one Americana/folk albums Americana/Folk Albums ( formerly Folk Albums ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling `` current releases by traditional folk artists , as well as appropriate titles by acoustic-based singer-songwriters '' in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated December 5 , 2009 , as a 15-position chart with its first number-one title being the Bob Dylan Christmas album Christmas in the Heart . It has since expanded to a 25-position chart . In May 2016 , Billboard renamed the chart to `` Americana/Folk Albums '' , with the increasing popularity of Americana music , giving more recognition to acts which lean more towards Americana than folk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe038b9bba4787c3cd73732a8933bbc6", "text": "Set You Free This Time `` Set You Free This Time '' is a song by the American folk rock band The Byrds , written by band member Gene Clark and first released in December 1965 on the group 's Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! album . According to Clark , the song was written in just a few hours during The Byrds ' 1965 British tour , after a night spent carousing with Paul McCartney at the Scotch of St James club in London . The song 's lead vocal is performed by Clark , who also plays acoustic guitar and harmonica on the track . `` Set You Free This Time '' concerns the breakup of a relationship and Clark 's vocal inflections and densely worded lyrics suggest the influence of Bob Dylan . The song also has a vague country rock feel to it , largely due to the song 's melody and Clark 's harmonica solo . The chord progression and rhythm of the song , however , are atypical of country music . Following its appearance on the Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! album , the song was issued as the A-side of a single on January 10 , 1966 . However , initial sales were relatively poor , with the single only managing to reach # 79 on the Billboard Hot 100 . As a result , Columbia Records in America began promoting the single 's B-side `` It Wo n't Be Wrong '' instead , which resulted in the single eventually climbing to # 63 . In the UK , after a review in the NME stated that the B-side was better than `` Set You Free This Time '' , CBS Records went a step further and actually re-released the single with `` It Wo n't Be Wrong '' as the A-side . This re-issuing of essentially the same single twice within two weeks caused confusion among British radio DJs over which of the two songs they should play and contributed to the single 's failure to chart . To accompany its UK release as a single , the BBC commissioned a short promotional film from The Byrds . However , on the day of filming a physical altercation occurred between the band 's manager Jim Dickson and rhythm guitarist David Crosby and although some footage was shot , the clip was never aired . Despite its lack of commercial success , the single release of `` Set You Free This Time '' gained mostly positive reviews in the music press . The first edition of Crawdaddy ! magazine described it as `` a lovely , moving song with Dylan-like 20-syllabal lines deckful of well chosen words . '' In the UK , Penny Valentine was complimentary in her review of the song for Disc magazine , commenting `` On first play , I did n't like it - but now I do . It 's rather unByrd-like and very , very Dylan-like . It 's slow and gentle and rather sad about never being a person who had much , and though she laughed at him and has now come for help , he does n't hold a grudge . Ahh ! '' The Beatles ' drummer , Ringo Starr , reviewing the single for Melody Maker , commented `` I only heard it the other day . They can do no wrong in my book . Great record , man , I love the voices . '' During February 1966 , The Byrds performed `` Set You Free This Time '' on the U.S. television programs Hollywood A Go-Go , Where The Action Is , The Lloyd Thaxton Show , and Shivaree . However , the song disappeared from the band 's live concert repertoire following Clark 's departure from the group in March 1966 . During his solo career , Clark would often return to the song in live concerts and consequently , it appears on his live albums In Concert and Silverado ' 75 : Live & Unreleased . The Byrds ' recording of `` Set You Free This Time '' is included on several of the band 's compilation albums , including The Original Singles : 1965 -- 1967 , Volume 1 , The Essential Byrds , There Is a Season , and the expanded and remastered edition of The Byrds ' Greatest Hits . It has also been included on the Gene Clark compilations , Echoes , American Dreamer 1964 -- 1974 , Flying High , and Set You Free : Gene Clark in The Byrds 1964 -- 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c958093508eee2550beb4bdf325a5ba", "text": "Mama, You Been on My Mind `` Mama , You Been on My Mind '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan . Written in 1964 during a trip to Europe , the song dealt with his recent breakup with his girlfriend , Suze Rotolo . Dylan first recorded the song in June of that year during a session for his album Another Side of Bob Dylan . However , the song was not included on the album , and Dylan 's version remained unreleased until 1991 . In total , in the 1990s and 2000s four versions were put out on Dylan 's Bootleg Series of releases , including two live performances with Joan Baez from 1964 and 1975 . Many artists have covered the song , including Baez , Jeff Buckley , Judy Collins , Ricky Nelson , Johnny Cash , George Harrison , Dion and the Belmonts , Linda Ronstadt , and Rod Stewart on his 1972 album Never a Dull Moment . Dylan himself has performed the song more than 200 times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bb890a551065fc1592dee537ef460b", "text": "Mozambique (song) `` Mozambique '' is a song written by Bob Dylan and Jacques Levy that was originally released on Dylan 's 1976 album Desire . It was also released as a single and reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . At the time of the song 's release , the titular country of Mozambique had just emerged from a ten-year insurgency war against Portugal which led to Mozambique 's independence . As a result , some left wing supporters wanted to see the song as lending support to the newly independent country . However , the lyrics of the song do n't support such an interpretation , being slight and treating the country as merely a place for a romantic getaway in the sun , apart from a fleeting reference to `` people living free '' . This angered some of Dylan 's fans . Music critic Paul Williams suggests that `` Mozambique '' may have had its genesis in Dylan 's desire to write a song about Marseilles . The melody received more praise than the lyrics . Robert Shelton describes the tune as `` playful . '' Authors Oliver Trager and John Nogowski both describe the melody as `` great '' and particularly praise the violin playing of Scarlet Rivera . Author Oliver Trager describes `` Mozambique '' as `` a light love song with lighter political overtones . '' Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls it `` effervescent '' and `` Dylan at his breeziest . '' Paul Williams considers `` Mozambique '' to be one of several songs on Desire with `` wonderful , inventive , pleasure-giving '' music which nonetheless fails to reach the intensity and unity of the other songs because the lyrics are `` a little too vague , too clever '' and `` too distanced . '' Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin considers the song to be a `` ditty dredged up from the bottom of the barrel , '' `` ghastly '' and `` the weakest song on Desire . '' `` Mozambique '' was also released as a single as a follow up to the Top 40 hit `` Hurricane '' and it reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Heylin suggests that Dylan may have released it as a single over songs fans might have preferred -- particularly `` Sara '' -- to spite fans who criticized the song for its slight lyrics trivializing the conflict in Mozambique . The song also appeared on the compilation album Masterpieces . A live performance was included in the television special Hard Rain but not on the associated album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8b530eef8d685d6c5e9af238b9c4acc1", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 45th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 45th United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 45th Congress ( March 4 , 1877 -- March 3 , 1879 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ffc247822980ff94653996b2ea59f3", "text": "Congressional pension Congressional pension is a pension made available to members of the United States Congress . Members who participated in the congressional pension system are vested after five ( 5 ) years of service . A full pension is available to members 62 years of age with 5 years of service ; 50 years or older with 20 years of service ; or 25 years of service at any age . A reduced pension is available depending upon which of several different age/service options is chosen . If Members leave Congress before reaching retirement age , they may leave their contributions behind and receive a deferred pension later . The current pension program , effective January 1987 , is under the Federal Employees Retirement System ( FERS ) , which covers members and other federal employees whose federal employment began in 1984 or later . This replaces the older Civil Service Retirement System ( CSRS ) for most members of congress and federal employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d7d2af0f7f79880747c9844e8df1df", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 75th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 75th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 75th Congress ( January 3 , 1937 -- January 3 , 1939 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ac872e4dc56537d41246610e0b8907", "text": "Ways & Means Committee (Georgia House) The House Ways & Means Committee is a 30 member legislative body consisting of a chairman , a vice-chairman , a secretary , two ex officio , and 25 members . The Committee operates under a House mandate as the chief tax-writing committee in the House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee66503a5a459a97c559edd6dc41882a", "text": "List of African-American United States Representatives The United States House of Representatives has had 139 elected African-American members , of which 133 have been Representatives from U.S. states and 6 have been Delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia . The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress , which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States . The US Census Bureau defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa . The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa . During the founding of the federal government , African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved . No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen 's race , color , or previous condition of servitude . Twenty-seven states ( plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia ) have sent an African-American representative to the U.S. House . Joseph Rainey was the first African-American representative to be seated in the U.S. House . He served South Carolina 's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War . Out of all 132 elected or appointed African-American members , 34 have been women . Fifteen states have sent African-American women to the U.S. House , the first being Shirley Chisholm from New York 's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Movement . The current 114th Congress has a record 46 African-American Representatives or Delegates , including 20 African-American women . Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts . These congressional districts are gerrymandered , limit serious challenges to their re-election , and limit their abilities to represent a larger , more diverse constituency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf2977c19064dc65308559631e93cf44", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 8th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 8th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 8th Congress ( March 4 , 1803 -- March 3 , 1805 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members . This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 8th Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89afb571c3956b255222092e5c997d92", "text": "Disqualification of convicted representatives in India On 10 July 2013 , the Supreme Court of India , in its judgement of the Lily Thomas v. Union of India case ( along with Lok Prahari v. Union of India ) , ruled that any Member of Parliament ( MP ) , Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) or Member of a Legislative Council ( MLC ) who is convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two year imprisonment , loses membership of the House with immediate effect . This is in contrast to the earlier position , wherein convicted members held on to their seats until they exhausted all judicial remedy in lower , state and supreme court of India . Further , Section 8 ( 4 ) of the Representation of the People Act , which allowed elected representatives three months to appeal their conviction , was declared unconstitutional by the bench of Justice A. K. Patnaik and Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya . In an attempt to overturn this decision , the Representation of the People ( Second Amendment and Validation ) Bill , 2013 , was introduced into the Rajya Sabha on 30 August by Law Minister Kapil Sibal ; by the proposed amendment , representatives would not be disqualified immediately after conviction . The Indian government also filed a review petition , which the Supreme Court dismissed . On 24 September , a few days before the fodder scam verdict , the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance . However , Rahul Gandhi , Vice-President of the Indian National Congress , made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting : `` It 's complete nonsense . It should be torn up and thrown away . '' Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi 's comments indicated total confusion within the government , and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Within 5 days , both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October . On 1 October 2013 , Rasheed Masood became the first MP to lose his membership of parliament under the new guidelines , when he was sentenced to four years imprisonment for cheating , forgery and corruption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c21f434d1744e53e4294572447114b", "text": "Parliament of Romania The Parliament of Romania ( Parlamentul României ) is the national legislature of Romania , consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( Camera Deputaților ) , and the Senate ( Senat ) . Its meeting place is at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest . Prior to the modification of the Constitution in 2003 , the two houses had identical attributes . A text of a law had to be approved by both houses . If the text differed , a special commission ( comisie de mediere ) was formed by deputies and senators , that `` negotiated '' between the two houses the form of the future law . The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament . After the 2003 referendum , a law still has to be approved by both houses , but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other , in capacity of `` deciding chamber '' ( cameră decizională ) . If that first chamber adopts a law proposal ( relating to its competences ) , it is passed on to the other one , which can approve or reject . If it makes amendments , the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber , the decision of which is final . In 2009 , a referendum was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300 . Although the referendum passed , the results are not binding , a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the constitution being required to achieve this .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9046d1ac8b2f6ddebfc3c6c5c0dc918f", "text": "United States House Rules Subcommittee on Rules and the Organization of the House The Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House is a subcommittee within the House Rules Committee Under the Committee rules , as amended for the 110th Congress , the Rules and the Organization of the House subcommittee will have general responsibility for measures or matters related to relations between the two Houses of Congress , relations between the Congress and the Judiciary , and internal operations of the House . This subcommittee has the primary responsibility for the continued examination of the committee structure and jurisdictional issues of all House Committees . In the past , the subcommittee has considered measures dealing with `` fast track '' procedures for consideration of trade legislation , prohibitions on unfunded mandates , the recodification of the rules of the House , issues relating to a 21st-century Congress and the impact of technology on the process and procedures of the House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83102a27d098cfc63c4c5ad57e4a5add", "text": "National Council (Switzerland) The National Council ( Nationalrat , Conseil national , Consiglio nazionale , Cussegl naziunal ) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland , the upper house being the Council of States . With 200 seats , the National Council is the larger of the two houses . Adult citizens elect the council 's members , who are called National Councillors for four year terms . These members are apportioned to the Swiss cantons in proportion to their population . Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Berne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65016a7b51042f2f5ec65739edf49cc", "text": "Alaska House of Representatives The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska . The House is composed of 40 members , each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 Census figures . Members serve two-year terms without term limits . With 40 representatives , the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower house in the United States . The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9d4648fd7ca7c820c286c27e96f622", "text": "300s BC (decade)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa4abbec4c7f507ea56f591ffb8ddc", "text": "Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings . The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol : Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 ) Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 ) Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 ) The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol : Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 ) Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 ) Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 ) A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 . The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6230469d7f1c54e71d2c861c2e9b38f1", "text": "The Congressional Effect The Congressional effect is a stock market phenomenon where stock prices tend to show a correlation in performance and volatility to the operating schedules of the US Congress . The phenomenon was coined as `` The Congressional effect '' by Eric T. Singer , a New York based finance professional and mutual fund manager . Singer found that in aggregate , the S&P 500 Index performs better on days both houses of Congress are out of session versus days when both houses of Congress are in session . There is also a decrease in volatility as measured by standard deviation . Congressional effect management found that the S&P 500 Index had a daily annualized price appreciation of 0.31 % on days Congress was In session from January 1 , 1965 to December 31 , 2008 . Over that same time span there was a 16.15 % annualized price gain on trading days Congress was Out of session . From January 1 , 2008 to December 31 , 2008 Congressional Effect Management shows an acceleration of the Congressional effect . Over the aforementioned span in session days saw an annualized price decrease of − 12.45 % while out of session days saw an annualized increase of 8.81 % . The effect was first reported on in Barrons on March 2 , 1992 by Singer and entitled `` Legislator , Go Home ! -- How Congress Can Help the Stock Market '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ba0cd1f0519ff63939b96e33d55f1a", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 41st Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 41st United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 41st Congress ( March 4 , 1869 -- March 3 , 1871 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42a35590f2373868dc9b41152e2ebec", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement . The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "749b15283f57491e4f09ddc8c4a08eea", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 5th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 5th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 5th Congress ( March 4 , 1797 -- March 3 , 1799 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members . This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 5th Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a7bee6922129676c568365e1a77f03b", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 6th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 6th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 6th Congress ( March 4 , 1799 -- March 3 , 1801 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members . This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 6th Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3340212f52bb96eeca080d8d06ba680", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 88th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 88th United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 88th Congress ( January 3 , 1963 -- January 3 , 1965 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7174bb8c09e512eda6c605ca2c0ae898", "text": "Saamy Saamy is a 2003 Indian Tamil action film written and directed by Hari . presented by K. Balachander and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy under banner Kavithalayaa Productions . The film stars Vikram , Trisha and Kota Srinivasa Rao in the lead . music was composed by Harris Jayaraj . Upon release , the film was highly successful at the box office . It was remade in Telugu as Lakshmi Narasimha ( 2004 ) starring Nandamuri Balakrishna and Asin , in Bengali as Barood starring Mithun Chakraborty , in Kannada as Ayya ( 2005 ) starring Darshan and Rakshitha and later in Hindi as Policegiri ( 2013 ) starring Sanjay Dutt and Prachi Desai . Like other films directed by Hari , this film also specialises a particular city and this time it is Tirunelveli . Saamy along with Kaakha Kaakha started a trend of police films in Tamil such as Bheeshmar , Gambeeram , Anjaneya and many others . Kota Srinivasa Rao made his debut in Tamil as a villain in this film . This film was dubbed in Hindi as ` Policewala Gunda 3 ' by Goldmines Telefilms .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "df159dbd0bef491b9736c9095d44fa36", "text": "Aditya Pancholi Aditya Pancholi ( born Nirmal Pancholi , 12 September 1965 ) is an Indian film actor , producer and playback singer who appears in Bollywood films . He started his career as a lead actor but found more success with supporting and negative roles and received a Filmfare nomination for the Best Performance in a Negative Role for Yes Boss ( 1997 ) . Pancholi began his career with television movies produced by Nari Hira and ventured into mainstream Bollywood cinema with Sasti Dulhan Mehnga Dulha ( 1986 ) . Pancholi first came to limelight with an important role in Maha-Sangram ( 1990 ) . He had the peak of his career between the late 1980s and early 1990s . He initially gave critically acclaimed performances as a lead actor in films like Kab Tak Chup Rahungi ( 1988 ) , Qatil ( 1988 ) , Kahan Hai Kanoon ( 1989 ) , Sailaab ( 1990 ) , Laal Paree ( 1991 ) , Naamcheen ( 1991 ) , Yaad Rakhegi Duniya ( 1992 ) , Chor Aur Chaand ( 1993 ) and Surakshaa ( 1995 ) but failed to find commercial success . His biggest commercial success as a lead actor and his most well-known performance was in Mahesh Bhatt 's Saathi ( 1991 ) . After failing to make a mark as a lead actor , Pancholi became a supporting actor in multi-starrer movies like Ladaai ( 1988 ) , Jaadugar ( 1989 ) , Aatish : Feel the Fire ( 1994 ) and Aankhen ( 2002 ) and became synonymous for negative roles in movies like Awwal Number ( 1990 ) , Jung ( 1996 ) , Khilona ( 1996 ) , Yes Boss ( 1997 ) , Hameshaa ( 1997 ) , Jung ( 2000 ) and Musafir ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e465b13ee920ce088820db4f43e39c10", "text": "Sirf Tum Sirf Tum ( Only You ) is a Bollywood film directed by Agathian . It was released on 11 June 1999 . The film features Sanjay Kapoor , Priya Gill , Sushmita Sen , Simran Bagga and Jackie Shroff . It is a remake of the National Award-winning Tamil film Kadhal Kottai , which starred Ajith Kumar and Devayani in lead roles . The movie was filmed in Nanital , Kerala and Houston . It was also remade in Dhaka-Kolkata as Hothat Brishti directed by Basu Chatterjee in 1999 starring Ferdous Ahmed and Priyanka Trivedi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e781a6450d10157519c30e6ea8d967a", "text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e86ec2469ea563ae3fc93c2b8f977dd6", "text": "Untitled Sanjay Dutt biopic Untitled Sanjay Dutt Biopic is an upcoming Indian biographical drama film , written and directed by Rajkumar Hirani and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra . The film is based on the life of actor Sanjay Dutt , with Ranbir Kapoor portraying the role of Dutt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2ca512edd92ee289172a16208cbec4", "text": "Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather . Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' . The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353b856cb52d97d8e04d9a0bc2a9d489", "text": "Sanjay Bhatia Sanjay Bhatia is an Indian actor and script writer known for Bollywood films such as Drishyam ( 2015 ) , Prem Aggan ( 1998 ) and Airlift ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d062fddc9c2718d6ee30a9d1173e0089", "text": "Aalavandhan Aalavandhan ( Born to Rule ) is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film directed by Suresh Krissna , and produced by S. Thanu . The film stars Kamal Haasan in dual roles , with Raveena Tandon , Manisha Koirala , Vallabh Vyas , and Milind Gunaji in supporting roles . It is among the earliest magic realism films in India . The film features soundtrack composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy and background score composed by Mahesh Mahadevan . The film was also shot in Hindi ( as Abhay ) and dubbed in Telugu under that same title . The film is an adaptation of the novel Dayam that was written by Kamal Haasan in 1984 . Although a critical and commercial failure during its release , Aalavandhan won the National Film Award for Best Special Effects . Over time , the film has become a cult classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fa2c424e175c0503ef1f99f6b9a64df", "text": "Ekka Saka Ekka Saka is a Tulu language film directed by K.Sooraj shetty Starring Hitesh Naik and Sonal Montero in lead roles and Naveen D Padil , Bhojaraj Vamanjoor , Aravind Bolar , Tennis Krishna , Achyuth Kumar , Padmaja Rao , Umanath Kotian , Sudha Belavadi , Sathish Bandale , Shobhraj , Chaitra Shetty , Ravi Surathkal , Sundar Rai Mandara , Chandrahas Kadri , Sandeep Shetty , Prasanna Shetty , Shobha Rai , Raghavendra Rai and Monica in supporting roles.Ekka Saka is produced under the banner of Lukumi Cine Creations by Ln Kishore D Shetty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a3cd2a5bcd0fe284e19b2fe5407c92", "text": "Sanam (film) Sanam is a 1997 Hindi drama film directed and produced by Aziz Sejawal . While written by Anees Bazmee , it starred Sanjay Dutt , Manisha Koirala , Vivek Mushran , Anupam Kher , Dalip Tahil , Kader Khan , Anjan Srivastav , Gulshan Grover and Shakti Kapoor . The music , composed by Anand-Milind , was the biggest strengths of this film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6671c7be965b681788449a292b7fda4d", "text": "B. Saroja Devi B. Saroja Devi is an Indian actress , who has acted in Kannada , Tamil , Telugu and Hindi movies . One of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema , she acted in around 200 films over six decades . She is known by the epithets `` Abinaya Saraswathi '' ( Saraswati of acting ) in Kannada and `` Kannadathu Paingili '' ( Kannada 's Parrot ) in Tamil At the age of 17 , Saroja Devi got her big break with her debut movie itself , that 's the Kannada film Mahakavi Kalidasa ( 1955 ) . In Telugu cinema , she made her debut with Panduranga Mahatyam ( 1959 ) , and starred in a number of successful films until the late 1970s . The Tamil film Nadodi Mannan ( 1958 ) made her one of the top actresses in Tamil cinema . After her marriage in 1967 , she continued to be second in demand actress in Tamil films till 1974 , but she continued to be one of the top actresses in Telugu and Kannada cinema from 1958 until the 1980s . She also starred in Hindi films until the mid-1960s , starting with Paigham ( 1959 ) . She played the lead heroine in 161 consecutive films in 29 years between 1955 and 1984 . Saroja Devi received the Padma Sri , the fourth-highest civilian honour , in 1969 and Padma Bhushan , third highest civilian award , in 1992 from the Government of India , honourary doctorate from Bangalore University and Kalaimamani award from Tamil nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6286e53de3a54e56795f523437f2059", "text": "Heera (1973 film) Heera is a 1973 producer and directed by Sultan Ahmed . The film stars Sunil Dutt , Asha Parekh and Shatrughan Sinha in lead role . The film was a `` Hit '' at the box office and ranked 9th in top grossers on 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46c20b60f41366ce9559729036582f96", "text": "Arundhati (2009 film) Arundhati is a 2009 Indian Telugu dark fantasy film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna and written by Chintapalli Ramana , starring Anushka Shetty , Sonu Sood , Arjan Bajwa and Sayaji Shinde . The film was released on 16 January 2009 to positive reviews and emerged as a commercial success , also became second highest grossing Telugu film of all-time . Owing to its success , it was later dubbed into Tamil and Malayalam with the same title and in Oriya as Mantrasakti . The movie was also dubbed in Hindi as ArundhatiEk Anokhi Kahani by Sumeet Arts . It is remade in Bengali as Arundhati starring Koel Mallick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4858012210bc9e70f1f6b5965d7e13c", "text": "List of accolades received by Enthiran Enthiran ( Robot ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction film directed by S. Shankar and produced by Kalanithi Maran . Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with Sujatha Rangarajan and Madhan Karky . The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Danny Denzongpa , Santhanam , and Karunas playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by A. R. Rahman while the cinematography , visual effects , editing , and art direction were handled by R. Rathnavelu , V. Srinivas Mohan , Anthony , and Sabu Cyril respectively . The film 's story revolves around a scientist 's struggle to control his creation , an android robot whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions . The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist 's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Robot . Produced on an estimated budget of 1.32 billion , Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of 1.79 billion according to a report by the Sun TV Network . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its cinematography , visual effects , art direction , costume design , and Rajinikanth 's performance . As of 2017 , the film has won 24 awards from 37 nominations . At the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , Enthiran won two awards for Best Special Effects ( Mohan ) and Best Production Design ( Cyril ) . The film was nominated in nine categories at the 58th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Cinematographer ( Rathnavelu ) , Best Art Director ( Cyril ) , and Best Costume Design ( Manish Malhotra ) . At the 5th Vijay Awards , the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven , including Best Villain and Favourite Hero ( Rajinikanth ) , Favourite Film ( Maran ) , and Favourite Director ( Shankar ) . Enthiran won three awards at the 12th IIFA Awards under the Best Special Effects , Best Art Direction , and Best Makeup categories . Among other wins , the film received three Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , two Screen Awards and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each , one Mirchi Music Award , and a special award at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dff18c753ebcca38344e86497f8bb3c", "text": "Engineer (film) Engineer is a shelved Tamil language film directed by Gandhi Krishna and written by Sujatha originally slated to be released in 1999 . The film was based on the true story of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project and was being made in Tamil with planned versions in Telugu and Hindi too . The film had featured Arvind Swamy and Madhuri Dixit in the leading roles , with music composed by A.R. Rahman and cinematography by Jeeva . However , the film was shelved after 80 percent of shooting was completed . Despite reports in 2004 with a new look with a different cast and producer , this has proved to be untrue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c38d37e94ee11f305669bba935afc3b", "text": "Swara Bhaskar Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu ( born 9 April 1988 ) is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry . She has received two Filmfare Award nominations and her prime achievements have made her one of the most noticed actresses of the Hindi cinema . Bhaskar , the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar , was born and raised in Delhi . After receiving her bachelor 's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi , she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master 's in Sociology . Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama Madholal Keep Walking , a commercial failure . She achieved further mainstream attention for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu ( 2011 ) . Her performance in the film was well received by critics and she garnered a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . Bhaskar was praised for portraying an aggressive lover in the critically acclaimed romantic drama Raanjhanaa ( 2013 ) , for which she earned her second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . She then played supporting roles in the romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns ( 2015 ) and the romantic drama Prem Ratan Dhan Payo ( 2015 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Her starring roles in the comedy drama Nil Battey Sannata ( 2016 ) , and the drama Anaarkali of Aarah ( 2017 ) were widely acclaimed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc98137812821f7809c8b41d2303afc", "text": "Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular . The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' . The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4025cd37ac5c178df125889bbc22c3c", "text": "Utsav Utsav ( Hindi : उत्सव ; English : The Festival ) is a 1984 Hindi drama film , produced by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Girish Karnad . The film is based 2nd-century BC Sanskrit play , Mrichakatika ( The Little Clay Cart ) by Shudraka . The film stars Shankar Nag , Shashi Kapoor , Rekha , Amjad Khan , Anuradha Patel , Shekhar Suman , Anupam Kher , Neena Gupta , Kulbhushan Kharbanda , Annu Kapoor , Sanjana Kapoor and Kunal Kapoor . The role of Samsthanak played by Shashi Kapoor , who is also the producer of this movie , was originally to be played by Amitabh Bachchan . However , in July 1982 Bachchan met with a major accident in Bangalore , therefore the producer himself decided to step in . The film 's music is by Laxmikant Pyarelal and is still noted for its songs like , ` Mann Kyun Behka ' , a rare duet by Asha Bhosle and Lata Mangeshkar , and Anuradha Paudwal 's ` Mere Man Baje Mridang ' for which she won the Filmfare Best Female Playback Award in 1985 . Suresh Wadkar also has a song , ` Saanj Dhale Gagan Tale ' . The Central Board of Film Certification of India gave this movie `` A '' certificate which means `` Restricted to adults '' on 23 August 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9db04cea140bb2b59021dd18f84ee11", "text": "Charnon Ki Saugandh Charanon Ki Saugandh is a 1988 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by K. Bapaiah , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Amrita Singh , Nirupa Roy , Prem Chopra , Kader Khan , Shakti Kapoor , Raj Kiran and Kader Khan . The film was a remake of Tamil film Savaale Samali .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9f7ad5221f61007444ba0e631a9bede8", "text": "Holly Hunter Holly Hunter ( born March 20 , 1958 ) is an American actress and producer . For her performance as Ada McGrath in the 1993 film The Piano , she won the Academy Award for Best Actress , BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Drama , and the Cannes Best Actress Award . She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News ( 1987 ) , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm ( 1993 ) and Thirteen ( 2003 ) . A seven-time Emmy Award nominee , Hunter won Emmys for Roe vs. Wade ( 1989 ) and The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom ( 1993 ) . She also starred in the TNT drama series Saving Grace ( 2007 -- 10 ) . Her other film roles include Raising Arizona ( 1987 ) , Always ( 1989 ) , Copycat ( 1995 ) , Crash ( 1996 ) , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? ( 2000 ) , The Incredibles ( 2004 ) and Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ec124f1f5664897184af737d01d67751", "text": "Aunjanue Ellis Aunjanue L. Ellis ( born February 21 , 1969 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress , and producer . She began her acting career in theater , and made her film debut in Girls Town . She later had leading roles in a number of independent movies , and co-starred in several mainstream films . Ellis is best known for her roles in films Men of Honor ( 2000 ) , The Caveman 's Valentine ( 2001 ) , Undercover Brother ( 2002 ) , Ray ( 2004 ) , The Express ( 2008 ) , The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) and The Help ( 2011 ) . On television , Ellis had regular role in the ABC police drama series High Incident ( 1996 -- 97 ) , and later co-starred in a number of short-lived dramas . She had recurring roles on The Practice , True Blood , and The Mentalist , and played roles in a number of made for television movies , such as Gifted Hands : The Ben Carson Story ( 2009 ) and Abducted : The Carlina White Story ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , Ellis played the leading role in the miniseries The Book of Negroes , based on bestselling novel by Lawrence Hill . She received critical acclaim and a Critic 's Choice Award nomination for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Later that year , she began starring as Miranda Shaw in the ABC thriller series Quantico . In 2016 , Ellis played Nancy Turner , Nat Turner 's mother , in the critically acclaimed period drama film , The Birth of a Nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d2b95b7b72772787c5dfd13d7211", "text": "Janet De Gore Janet De Gore ( age , place of birth , and other personal information unknown ) is a former actress best known for her supporting roles on the ABC television series , The Law and Mr. Jones , in which she portrayed the legal secretary , Marsha Spear , to attorney Abraham Lincoln Jones , played by James Whitmore ( 1921 -- 2009 ) . A second costar , Conlan Carter ( born 1934 ) , portrayed the legal assistant , C.E. Carruthers . Carter later joined the cast of ABC 's Combat ! . Thereafter , De Gore played the young widow Louise Howard , the attractive romantic interest of Richard Crenna ( 1927 -- 2003 ) in his revised role as the recently widowed Luke McCoy on CBS ' The Real McCoys . The situation comedy starring Walter Brennan had premiered on ABC in 1957 but switched networks and nights from Thursday to Sunday opposite Bonanza on NBC for its final year . Kathleen Nolan , who played Crenna 's on-screen wife , Kate McCoy , left the series after five years ; it was announced that Nolan 's character had died . Butch Patrick , later of CBS 's The Munsters , played Greg Howard , Louise 's 9-year-old son , in the revised The McCoys . Most of De Gore 's acting occurred between 1952 and 1966 . Her early roles were in dramatic anthologies , including Hallmark Hall of Fame , the Philco Television Playhouse , and Kraft Television Theatre . In 1960-1961 , as she joined Four Star 's The Law and Mr. Jones cast , she also appeared in episodes of two Warner Brothers series , Will Hutchins ' western Sugarfoot and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. 's detective series , 77 Sunset Strip , both on ABC . In 1964 , she appeared as a flight attendant in the episode `` Second Chance '' of the ABC science fiction series The Outer Limits . In 1965 , she appeared on Chuck Connors ' short-lived NBC western Branded . In 1966 , her last year of television credits , De Gore appeared on The Farmer 's Daughter ( ABC ) with Inger Stevens , Perry Mason ( CBS ) with Raymond Burr , and NBC 's powerhouse western Bonanza , which had destroyed The McCoys in the 1962-1963 ratings . Her Bonanza role on the episode entitled `` Tommy '' was that of Allie Miller . She is believed to reside in the Greater Los Angeles Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1f583ec7e857432bc2001bb0929cb9", "text": "Laura San Giacomo Laura San Giacomo ( born November 14 , 1962 ) is an American actress known for playing the role of Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me ! , Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman , and Cynthia in Sex , Lies , and Videotape as well as other work on television and in films . She played the role of Holly Hunter 's childhood best friend on the TNT crime drama series Saving Grace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63ceb0ca6b5d8851f700c5f1074f5a85", "text": "Holly Ross Holly Ross is a musician who was the guitarist and lead vocalist from Angelica ; an all-female punk rock band from Lancaster , England . Her singing was described as `` soft as butter Lancastrian tones . '' Since the split of Angelica in 2002 , Ross concentrated on her personal life and career until returning to music in 2006 , with a new band formed with husband David Blackwell called The Lovely Eggs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84a2a392a2807f5f7b0fd11ee9cf28a", "text": "Holly Keller Holly Keller ( born 1942 ) is an American writer and illustrator of children 's books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89ec5ce8f8b1a7d48eb84e97d9016628", "text": "Holly Miranda Holly Miranda ( born 21 September 1982 ) is an American singer-songwriter and musician . Besides being trained in piano , Holly is a self-taught guitar and trumpet player . In 2001 , she recorded High Above The City , a 20-track solo album available only at shows . In the fall of 2003 , Holly met and teamed up with Alex Lipsen , producer and keys player . The project evolved into The Jealous Girlfriends , a four-piece band based in Williamsburg , Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765", "text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ac73a1753269928971cf7aeece88e9", "text": "Arizona Bushwhackers Arizona Bushwhackers is a 1968 Western film starring Howard Keel and Yvonne de Carlo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4bb4b318a9d6cb787f8e72dddec84f5", "text": "Holly Smith Holly Smith may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "637b42ebdc6ae39427c83a8118418fe9", "text": "Holly Quin-Ankrah Holly Quin-Ankrah ( born 1987 ) is an actress from Warrington , England . She began her acting career as a teenager , playing Karen Young in the long-running CBBC drama series Grange Hill . She is also known for her lead role on the talent show drama Rock Rivals and a regular role as Cheryl Gray on Coronation Street between 2010 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f25b1fa4d8b43a394dbda2c14b9bc026", "text": "The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son , Mark McCain . It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork , New Mexico Territory . The show was filmed in black-and-white , half-hour episodes . The Rifleman aired on ABC from September 30 , 1958 , to April 8 , 1963 , as a production of Four Star Television . It was one of the first prime time series on American television to show a widowed parent raising a child . The program was titled to reflect McCain 's use of a Winchester rifle , customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action . He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits of every episode , as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da5c193517be3d69c39e9b742df3c44", "text": "María Elena Holly María Elena Holly ( born December 20 , 1932 ) is the widow of rock and roll pioneer Buddy Holly . She owns the rights to his name , image , trademarks , and other intellectual property . In 2010 , Santiago-Holly ( Santiago is Maria 's maiden name ) co-founded , with Peter Bradley , `` The Buddy Holly Educational Foundation '' also known as TBHEF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c03758f5f3b4ca8273c959802f6e80", "text": "Natural Causes (Skylar Grey album) Natural Causes is the third studio album by American recording artist Skylar Grey . It is her second album since her stage name change from Holly Brook to Skylar Grey . It was released on September 23 , 2016 , by KidinaKorner and Interscope Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e164e903b478fb1ce5d1da77aba9a0f4", "text": "Jacqui McQueen Jacqueline Bernadette `` Jacqui '' McQueen ( also Malota and Ashworth ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Claire Cooper . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 26 September 2006 and was introduced by series producer Bryan Kirkwood as part of the McQueen family . Cooper has stated that whilst Lucy Allan produced the serial she was not used and Jacqui had `` lost her identity '' . In 2010 when Paul Marquess took over the role , he recognised she was an under used character split her apart from her on-screen family , subsequently increasing her role within the show . Jacqui has been portrayed as a `` tough ex-con '' and is extremely feisty , she often takes on the matriarch role within her family . She is also described as loyal and is one of a few characters to remain faithful within a relationship in the serial itself . Many of Jacqui 's early storylines revolved around her life of crime , marrying illegal immigrant Aleksander Malota ( Jon Lolis ) to pay off debts and her wayward relationship with Tony Hutchinson ( Nick Pickard ) , which became popular with viewers . One of her most prominent early plots involved her desire to have her own child after a miscarriage left her unable to , this resulted in failed adoption , various surrogate mother stories involving her family and eventually led to the breakdown of her relationship with Tony . Jacqui 's later storylines involved her relationship with racist Des Townsend ( Kris Deedigan ) , covering up Calvin Valentine 's ( Ricky Whittle ) murder , being blackmailed and held at knife point for sex and a `` surprise relationship '' with Rhys Ashworth ( Andrew Moss ) which also become very popular with audiences . In 2011 Jacqui made a rape accusation against Gilly Roach ( Anthony Quinlan ) , whether Gilly is guilty or innocent was decided by a jury composed of viewers . The storyline subsequently resulted in Gilly being found not guilty . Various critics have praised the character because of her `` feisty and tough persona '' . Others have criticised her `` chav '' dress sense and accused her of being a `` trollop '' . Cooper has received various award nominations for her portrayal . It was later announced that Cooper had quit Hollyoaks and Jacqui departed Hollyoaks on 26 April 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ddeaba91f052a4138dc03883459dfe0", "text": "J. Hunter Holly Joan Carol Holly ( 1932 -- 1982 ) was a science fiction author who wrote under the pseudonym J. Hunter Holly in the late 1950s until the mid-1970s . Holly lived and wrote in Lansing , Michigan and from her various book dedications , had a strong love of cats . Holly graduated from Michigan State University during 1954 with a B.A. in psychology . Her affiliations at the University were Phi Kappa , Tau Sigma & Psi Chi . She was the recipient of the Hinman superior student scholarship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9468c3e3cc103d90b5f0512a81cee3", "text": "Lydia Hart Lydia Hart is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Lydia Kelly . Lydia was created by series producer Bryan Kirkwood as one of many characters introduced that year . She made her debut in the soap on 4 March 2009 , and remained for ten months . Lydia 's storylines focus on homosexuality , obsessiveness and murder . The seemingly level-headed music lover and friend of Josh Ashworth ( Sonny Flood ) , she is portrayed as opinionated , passionate young student who had a love of music and protecting her family , for example her young sister Persephone Hart ( Elizabeth Hadley ) who also appeared in the show for a period of three months . Lydia 's relationship to the sexually confused Sarah Barnes ( Loui Batley ) was central to the character for seven months of the year culminating with her screen death in October 2009 after she was murdered by Lydia . Other storylines included her ongoing on-off relationship with ex-girlfriend Charlotte Lau ( Amy Yamazaki ) and continued feuds with Archie ( Stephen Beard ) and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) . The characters departure was announced in December 2009 , when the character was arrested for the attempted murder of Zoe at Sarah 's graveside after stabbing her , resulting in her being charged for the murder of Sarah and the attempted murder of Zoe , with Lydia making her final appearance on 1 January 2010 . The parachute stunt won a British Soap Award in 2010 . The aftermath storyline has received mixed reviews from critics . Some have favoured Lydia 's `` bunny boiling '' and others described it as a `` drawn out and boring storyline . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "440c6b87c8a888ad38ac6e288015b12f", "text": "Southern Arizona Southern Arizona is a region of the United States comprising the southernmost portion of the State of Arizona . It sometimes goes by the name Gadsden or Baja Arizona , which means `` Lower Arizona '' in Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf066fac604b5da08cb5932d16ba1c8", "text": "Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 . This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again . In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429882a80799f6ef3de6c26a1513b17a", "text": "Hunter House Publishers Hunter House Publishers is a publishing company based in Alameda , California which was established in 1978 . It is a small publishing press `` specializing in self-help books about health , relationships , abuse and sexuality . '' Two of its award-winning books are Look Great , Live Green : Choosing Beauty Solutions That Are Planet-Safe and Budget-Smart , a Benjamin Franklin Book Award winner , and The Highly Intuitive Child : A Guide to Understanding and Parenting Unusually Sensitive and Empathic Children , a finalist , in the 2010 Benjamin Franklin Book , from the Independent Book Publishers Association .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7a7d896d62aa694f7c5ad31c68c1552f", "text": "Jerry Lewis Jerry Lewis ( born Joseph Levitch ; March 16 , 1926 ) is an American actor , comedian , singer , film producer , film director , screenwriter and humanitarian . He is known for his slapstick humor in film , television , stage and radio . He and Dean Martin were partners as the hit popular comedy duo of Martin and Lewis . Following that success , he was a solo star in motion pictures , nightclubs , television shows , concerts , album recordings and musicals . Lewis served as national chairman of the Muscular Dystrophy Association and hosted the live Labor Day broadcast of the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon for 44 years . Lewis has received several awards for lifetime achievements from the American Comedy Awards , Los Angeles Film Critics Association , Venice Film Festival , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and been honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bbb03449ffb8494a09c8cfb64f3c42bf", "text": "Jerry Carroll (comedian) Jerry Carroll ( born 1959 ) is an American comedian , speaker and farmer based in based in Raleigh , North Carolina . Also known as The Willow Spring Wildman , Carroll is best known for his role as co-host on television 's `` Amazing America with Sarah Palin '' . Carroll started his career as a comedian in 1993 after working as a full-time farmer for several years . He has opened concerts for several music artists including Michael Bolton , Patty Loveless , Lyle Lovett , and Larry Gatlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7732a767494f540d131d168b0b7c88e", "text": "Mean Old Man Mean Old Man is the 40th studio album by rock and roll pioneer Jerry Lee Lewis . Like his previous album Last Man Standing , this album features duets with famous artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e63184c7dd1f1531d94798984c3ac3ea", "text": "Jerry Garcia Jerome John Garcia ( August 1 , 1942 -- August 9 , 1995 ) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist , best known for his work as the lead guitarist and as a vocalist with the band the Grateful Dead , which came to prominence during the counterculture era in the 1960s . Although he disavowed the role , Garcia was viewed by many as the leader or `` spokesman '' of the group . One of its founders , Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire thirty-year career ( 1965 -- 1995 ) . Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects , including the Saunders -- Garcia Band ( with longtime friend Merl Saunders ) , the Jerry Garcia Band , Old and in the Way , the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo , Legion of Mary , and the New Riders of the Purple Sage ( which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson ) . He also released several solo albums , and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician . He was well known for his distinctive guitar playing and was ranked 13th in Rolling Stone 's `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' cover story . Later in life , Garcia was sometimes ill because of his diabetes , and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life . Although his overall health improved somewhat after that , he also struggled with heroin and cocaine addictions , and was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack in August 1995 at the age of 53 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cac3bdc3ab2910f6993a7d76352154fd", "text": "Raymond Lee Harvey Raymond Lee Harvey was an Ohio-born unemployed American drifter . He was arrested by the Secret Service after being found carrying a starter pistol with blank rounds , ten minutes before President Jimmy Carter was to give a speech at the Civic Center Mall in Los Angeles on May 5 , 1979 . Although he had a history of mental illness , police investigated his claims that he was part of a four-man operation to assassinate the president . He claimed that he had been approached by three Latino men staying at the Alan Hotel who gave him the starter pistol , and asked him to shoot it into the ground to create a diversion , so they could then shoot the president from their hotel room during the distraction . According to Harvey , he fired seven blank rounds from the starter pistol on the hotel roof on the night of May 4 , to test how much noise it would make . He then spent the night in a room taken by one of the men , whom he knew as `` Julio '' , but who was later identified as a 21-year-old illegal Mexican alien who gave the name Osvaldo Espinoza Ortiz . At the time of his arrest , Harvey had eight spent rounds in his pocket , as well as 70 unspent blank rounds for the gun . The names `` Lee Harvey '' and `` Osvaldo '' ( Osvaldo is the Spanish equivalent to `` Oswald '' ) drew comparisons to Lee Harvey Oswald , who assassinated President John F. Kennedy . This led conspiracy theorists to claim that the incident was set up to scare Carter into submission . Although originally dismissed as `` a tale spun by an intoxicated man , '' police investigating the claims found a room in the Alan Hotel rented under the name `` Umberto Camacho , '' the name of an alleged conspirator given by Ortiz , containing a shotgun case and three unspent rounds of ammunition . The occupant had checked out of the hotel room the day of the alleged assassination attempt . Harvey was jailed on a $ 50,000 bond , given his transient status , and Ortiz was alternately reported as being held on a $ 100,000 bond as a material witness or held on a $ 50,000 bond being charged with burglary from a car . Charges against the pair were ultimately dismissed for a lack of evidence . His age at the time of the event has been alternately given as 34 or 35 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5e7bd92ef9981648ea421bd06a7082", "text": "The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980 , on CBS for Saturday mornings . The show lasted two seasons ( with season two consisting of reruns ) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry packages , and also occasionally appeared on Cartoon Network and Boomerang , as well as , in 2013 , airing on UK satellite channel Pop . Most voices were done by Frank Welker ( mainly Tom and Jerry ) and Filmation head Lou Scheimer provided the voice of Nibbles ( erroneously giving him an adult voice ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e13f89971285933091f48347955703", "text": "Miami cannibal attack On May 26 , 2012 , a naked male assailant named Rudy Eugene attacked and gruesomely maimed homeless man Ronald Poppo underneath a tram bridge crossing the MacArthur Causeway in Miami , Florida , making headlines across the world . During the 18-minute filmed encounter Eugene erroneously and erratically accused Poppo of stealing his Bible , then beat him unconscious , removed Poppo 's pants , and bit and chewed the flesh off most of his face above the beard , including his left eye . This rendered Poppo permanently blind in both eyes and grossly disfigured his face . Due to the incident 's bizarrely grotesque nature and subsequent worldwide media coverage , Eugene came to be dubbed the `` Miami Zombie '' and the `` Causeway Cannibal '' . The attack ended when Eugene was fatally shot by a Miami PD officer after failing to respond to commands instructing him to stop , and reportedly even snarled at police . Although friends and family interviewed immediately afterward filled in details of Eugene 's life , the reason for the attack remains unclear due to Eugene 's death . Eugene , 31 , was employed at a car wash at the time and was a divorced former high school football player with a series of petty criminal arrests from age 16 until most recently in 2009 . Poppo , 65 , a graduate of Manhattan 's prestigious Stuyvesant High School , was homeless and had long been presumed dead by his estranged family . While police sources speculated that the use of a legal recreational synthetic stimulant party drug such as `` bath salts '' ( which have a notorious reputation for the psychotic effects of the drug on some individuals ) might have been a contributing factor , experts expressed doubt about this hypothesis , since toxicology reports were only able to identify cannabis/marijuana in Eugene 's system , leaving the ultimate cause of his behavior unknown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddfd8eb4a424353ef83937d694155431", "text": "Nick Tosches Nick Tosches ( -LSB- ˈtɑːʃəs -RSB- born October 17 or 23 , 1949 ) is an American journalist , novelist , biographer , and poet . His 1982 biography of Jerry Lee Lewis , Hellfire , was praised by Rolling Stone magazine as `` the best rock and roll biography ever written . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8365a24d7b35f4506554729747e3389e", "text": "Mark Lewis (storyteller) Mark Lewis ( February 16 , 1954 -- December 7 , 2014 ) was an American storyteller , actor , and teacher . He began his storytelling career while a student at John Muir High School in Pasadena , California , winning regional drama competitions with his telling of `` How the Grinch Stole Christmas '' and `` Jabberwocky '' , two pieces that became staples of his professional storytelling repertory . In 1971 , he formed a performing partnership with singer-songwriter-actor Craig Coulter , and together , as Coulter & Lewis , they developed an enthusiastic local following performing songs ( some original ) , poetry , children 's stories , and skits . This was the beginning of Lewis 's professional career . Among their earliest engagements were regular appearances at the comedy club `` The Ice House '' in Pasadena . In the early 1980s , in the final seasons of the Coulter & Lewis partnership , the duo performed shows at the Smothers Theater at Pepperdine University and was engaged by the Los Angeles Music Center to perform in Los Angeles area schools with the `` Music Center on Tour '' program . Lewis was part of the Renaissance Pleasure Faires that took place in Agoura , California in the 1970s - 1990s , serving first as the black-hooded and silent Executioner . He later took on speaking roles that allowed him to share his storytelling gifts with Faire-goers . Lewis received two Emmy Awards for his show `` Word Pictures '' on WTTW in Chicago , and he had a syndicated radio show . He appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his voice can still be heard on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride in Disneyland . He was a featured performer on the TV series Northern Exposure on CBS and Leverage on TNT ( as Santa/Jack in `` The Ho Ho Ho Job '' , 2012 ) . Lewis was an illustrator and he wrote four books , among them Kaliban 's Christmas : A Special Tale of Magic ( Puffin Books , 1987 ) , The Secret of the Quilt ( Book One of The Counterpane Collection ) with illustrations by Laura Kelly ( Laughing Moon Productions , 1992 ) , and the ibook Anna and the Sun ( Lulu.com , 2011 ) . He performed in several films and commercials for national audiences and worked as a Creative Content Provider for Microsoft , Disney Imagineering , Universal Studios , and Silicon Gaming Inc. . He was a real magician as a storyteller . Lewis organized storytelling workshops , and he was a member of the faculty at Unitarian Universalist Camp de Benneville Pines Family Camp and Camp Bravo , a summer theater camp for teens , teaching storytelling and stagecraft . He was a part-time college professor of Presentation Skills in the University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication in Eugene . He also volunteered for the Oregon chapter of the International Thespian Society . Lewis died on December 7 , 2014 , of medical complications following foot surgery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2447009fae744625f2dcb33a537854", "text": "Jerry Raymond Jerry Raymond was an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b1cedc9e35a993b7902b2994de0397", "text": "The Day the Clown Cried The Day the Clown Cried is an unreleased 1972 American drama film directed by and starring Jerry Lewis . It is based on a script of the same name by Joan O'Brien , who had co-written the original script with Charles Denton ten years previously . The film was met with controversy regarding its premise and content , which features a circus clown who is imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp . Lewis has repeatedly insisted that The Day the Clown Cried would never be released because it is an embarrassingly `` bad work '' that he is ashamed of .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "464b6252b82533d9c8fe8155c67bcc49", "text": "Country Class Country Class is an album by Jerry Lee Lewis , released on Mercury Records in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1616fcb130d8406ef1190cdfa3f7a2d", "text": "Hollywood or Bust Hollywood or Bust is a 1956 film comedy starring the team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis . The picture was filmed from April 16 to June 19 , 1956 and released on December 6 , 1956 by Paramount Pictures , almost five months after the Martin and Lewis partnership split up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df31f8d1951afd099b5fb68bfcf624fe", "text": "The Late Show The Late Show may refer to : The Late Show is an umbrella title used by numerous local television stations in North America from the 1950s to the 1990s for their late night broadcasts of old movies Late Show ( CBS TV series ) , an American television talk show broadcast on CBS since 1993 , formerly hosted by David Letterman , and currently hosted by Stephen Colbert . Late Show with David Letterman ( 1993 -- 2015 ) The Late Show with Stephen Colbert ( 2015 -- present ) The Late Show ( Australian TV series ) , the Australian comedy television show of 1992 -- 1993 The Late Show ( Fox TV series ) , ( 1986-1988 ) a late-night American talk show broadcast by the Fox Network starring Joan Rivers for its first seven months followed by Arsenio Hall in 1987 and then Ross Shafer in 1988 and guest hosts at various times . The Late Show a late night entertainment and talk show which currently airs in Scotland on STV Glasgow from 2015 The Late Show ( BBC TV series ) , a British arts series which aired from late 1989 to 1995 The Late Show ( CBC radio ) , a radio documentary program about obituaries The Late Show ( film ) , a film from 1977 written and directed by Robert Benton Late Show , a 1999 German film by director Helmut Dietl The Late Show ( album ) , a live album by jazz saxophonists Eddie `` Lockjaw '' Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 The Late Show ( 1950s TV series ) , a 1957 -- 1959 Australian television variety series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0111754cfa70b5985082469fbbbb347", "text": "Tom Lewis (American politician) Thomas F. `` Tom '' Lewis ( October 26 , 1924 -- August 1 , 2003 ) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida . Lewis was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . After graduating from high school , he joined the U.S. Air Force , serving briefly in World War II . He was stationed in Florida during his service , and after his discharge in 1954 , decided to live there permanently . Lewis earned a business degree from the University of Florida . He took a job at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft and became an important executive . In 1964 , Lewis was elected to the first of two , four-year terms as mayor of North Palm Beach , Florida . He left the airline industry in 1972 to become involved in the booming real estate business . That same year , he was elected to the Florida House of Representatives , serving until a successful run for the Florida Senate in 1980 . In 1982 , Lewis successfully ran for a seat in Congress . He served until his retirement in 1995 , representing the 12th District from 1983 to 1993 and the 16th District from 1993 to 1995 . He sat on the Committee on Agriculture for twelve years . Lewis died in 2003 of natural causes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc9719f127b915043d3a4b01e11d9fc", "text": "Lennie Briscoe Leonard W. `` Lennie '' Briscoe is a fictional character on NBC 's long-running police procedural and legal drama television series Law & Order . He was created by Walon Green and René Balcer , and was portrayed by Jerry Orbach . He was featured on the show for 12 seasons , from 1992 to 2004 ; making him one of the longest-serving main characters in the series ' 20-year-run history , as well as the longest-serving police detective on the show . He also appeared in three Law & Order spin-offs , and was part of the original cast of Law & Order : Trial by Jury , appearing in only the first two episodes due to Orbach 's death . He appears in 282 episodes ( 273 episodes of Law & Order , two episodes of Law & Order : Trial by Jury , one episode of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , three episodes of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , and three episodes of Homicide : Life on the Street ) , the TV movie Exiled and the Law & Order video games Dead on the Money , Double or Nothing , Justice is Served and Legacies . Orbach 's performance as Briscoe on the New York-based series was so popular that it resulted in him being declared a `` Living Landmark '' by the New York Landmarks Conservancy , along with fellow longtime series cast member Sam Waterston ( who portrayed the prosecutor Jack McCoy on the show ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e296351e111268e33e413da4fdaf45a5", "text": "Eddie Lewis (American football) Edward Lee `` Eddie '' Lewis ( born December 15 , 1953 ) is a former professional American football defensive back in the National Football League . He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks . Lewis was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the 2nd round ( 57th overall pick ) of the 1976 NFL Draft . He played five seasons for the San Francisco 49ers ( 1976 -- 1979 ) and the Detroit Lions ( 1979 -- 1980 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e084ea2bfca326ec2e52d65a161a8830", "text": "Vincent Cassel Vincent Cassel ( -LSB- vɛ̃sɑ̃ kasɛl -RSB- ; born Vincent Crochon , 23 November 1966 ) is a French actor best known to English-speaking audiences through his film performances in Ocean 's Twelve and Ocean 's Thirteen , as well as Black Swan . Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b3c7773beaa630d0b0ec1cad9b8ddd", "text": "Mesrine (2008 film) Mesrine is a two-part ( Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One ) 2008 French film directed by Jean-François Richet and written by Abdel Raouf Dafri and Richet . The first part 's script was based on the autobiographical book L'instinct de mort by French gangster Jacques Mesrine , while the second part detailed Mesrine 's criminal career after his escape from prison , and his subsequent brutal end . The film has been referred to as the French version of the American film Scarface which starred Al Pacino . The Blood wrote a song about Mesrine which preceded both the 1984 , and 2008 movies . The song featured on the 1983 album False Gestures For A Devious Public .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1cbab48a7ed1e7f4671c6940cfbb5e47", "text": "Ashanti (1979 film) Ashanti ( also called Ashanti , Land of No Mercy ) is a 1979 action adventure film , produced by Georges-Alain Vuille , and directed by Richard Fleischer . Despite its impressive cast and setting ( on location in the Sahara , and in Kenya , Israel , and Sicily ) , it was widely panned by critics upon release . Michael Caine was reportedly very disappointed with the project and claims it was the third worst film along with his previous films The Magus and The Swarm ( despite appearing in other failures in the 1980s ) , after director Fleischer and co-star Beverly Johnson , were both removed from filming two-thirds of the way through the shoot . Fleischer departed after being hospitalised with sunstroke . However , an interview with Ms. Johnson included on the 2013 Severin Films Blu-ray edition of Ashanti makes no reference to these `` removals , '' suggesting that they may belong to myth . This is one of William Holden 's final films . Both Fleischer and cinematographer Tonti had previously worked together on Barabbas ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b5fe110e81f8f84f3a264caede1d6bc", "text": "Cassel Cassel may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8cebf8bb1005ae1128b9e3ca77f9bc0", "text": "Strength and Honour Strength and Honour is a boxing film that was shot in Cork , Ireland . Filming took place in the city and county including Kinsale , Rochestown , Passage West and the un-opened maternity ward of the Cork University Hospital as well as the new airport . The film had its market premiere screening at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007 , and won the `` Best Picture '' and `` Best Actor '' awards at the Boston Film Festival . It was released on November 20 , 2007 in Ireland and was tested on a limited capacity in the United States on December 7 , 2007 . It was given a 15A rating in Ireland . After the U.S. testing , the film was re-cut taking 13 minutes off it . In 2009 , the Film was selected to screen at the Writers Guild of America and received a review in the Los Angeles Times that described it as ` another Slumdog Millionaire ' . Later the same year , Michael Madsen and Mark Mahon appeared on the TODAY show in New York , as there was such strong word of mouth about the Film . On March 17 , 2010 , Mark Mahon and the film 's main cast were invited by Prince Albert of Monaco to a private Royal screening at the Palace of Monaco . The film 's tagline was : '' Wounds Heal , Scars Fade , Hope is for Everyone '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10659ac63fe05be6564369be94f39d08", "text": "38th César Awards The 38th Annual César Awards ceremony , presented by the French Academy of Cinema Arts and Techniques ( Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma ) , was held on 22 February 2013 , at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris . The ceremony was chaired by Jamel Debbouze , with Antoine de Caunes as master of ceremonies . Nominations were announced 25 January 2013 . Michael Haneke 's film Amour , nominated in ten categories , won in five , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bfbb35eeecc286c31dfc2bf9ab574b", "text": "Combat Shock Combat Shock is a 1986 action war drama film written and directed by Buddy Giovinazzo and distributed by Troma Entertainment . The plot of the film takes place in Staten Island , and follows an unemployed Vietnam veteran living in total poverty with his nagging wife , his deformed baby due to Ricky having been exposed to Agent Orange that the US was spraying as a defoliant over Vietnam , and junkie friends . Unable to get a job and surrounded by the depravity of urban life and crime , he begins to lose his grip on sanity . The film received mixed reviews when it was released . Film Threat 's Christopher Curry praised the film for its gritty realism , and Troma president Lloyd Kaufman calls it one of the company 's true `` masterpieces '' ; however , shockcinemamagazine.com called it `` one of the ugliest , nastiest , most depressing movies of the decade '' ( though the review itself was a positive one ) , and Videohound described the film as `` relentlessly bleak ... you wo n't find a more depressing film outside an art-house cinema '' . Tagline : Fighting , killing , maiming ... Agent Orange and the torture cages were the easy part !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d71e25d8eb4727fcad437aa508cecc6c", "text": "Le Pèlerin de Camp Nou Le Pèlerin de Camp Nou ( English : `` Captain Majid '' ) is a 2009 feature film produced in the north-central African country of Chad . A work of `` no-budget '' digital cinema , it experienced international release at the Festival du Film PanAfricain in Cannes , France , in April 2009 , and was featured at festivals in Montreal , Toronto , and London in 2009 before screening at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9eafb9d6d54eab1f906ded9d30de863", "text": "Virgil (film) Virgil is a 2005 comedy drama film written and directed by French-Tunisian director Mabrouk El Mechri , his first feature film . It had its first public screening in movie theaters starting September 2005 . The film is about the life of a French boxer in the French suburbs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69814b9010da65433a9f7d05e740b25d", "text": "Assassin (rap crew) Assassin is a French hardcore rap group formed in the 18th Arrondissement of Paris . The group was formed in 1985 by Rockin ' Squat and Solo . Later , Doctor L joined them , as well as DJ Clyde . The group had a significant presence on the French underground music scene in the 1980s and 1990s , with lyrics referencing social inequalities and denouncing commercialism . Rockin ' Squat is Mathias Crochon , Jean-Pierre Cassel 's son and brother of Vincent Cassel . He has tried for more than 15 years to elevate the mind of the ghetto , similar to KRS-One , Immortal Technique , and Chuck D in America . The group undertook national tours in France in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51d94f981bf1cdb6f889821e87e757a", "text": "Paul Vandervort Paul Jeffrey Vandervort ( born February 5 , 1985 ) is an American actor , film producer , and former model . Vandervort first appeared on the reality television series `` The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency '' during season 4 . During his time there he was attracted to another model , Traci . He is known on the modeling front , most notably for landing a national modeling campaign for Abercrombie & Fitch in 2008 . Since , he has modeled for Ed Hardy , Zoom ! Whitening , and Nike , as well as other companies . One year after making his television debut , Vandervort continued to appear in other TV shows and in 2010 made the switch to film appearing in several TV movies . He currently resides in Los Angeles since 2008 . Vandervort serves as CEO of the 2013 formed media production company , ( VEI ) Vandervort Entertainment Inc. . VEI shot their first film , Hollywood Miles in April 2014 . VEI 's first full-length feature film , `` Limelight '' , a screenplay written by Vandervort that he also starred in , was filmed in Los Angeles and Bel Air in Summer 2015 and completed post-production in late 2016 . Worldwide sales rights for Limelight were acquired by Taylor & Dodge and the movie is scheduled to premiere and begin distribution in early 2017 . Vandervort Entertainment Inc. has two new feature films scheduled for pre-production in 2017 . Craigslist Mafia , and an Untitled Thriller written by Paul Vandervort and his Limelight co-star Sean Kanan . In Summer 2016 , Vandervort took on his first project as director . The project is tentatively titled `` Welcome to my World '' which is a teenage sports drama awaiting a series pickup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f47b9f1e350e975f128b03b8a5a664b", "text": "Cyril Frankel Cyril Frankel ( born 28 December 1921 ) is a retired British film and television director . His career in television began in 1953 and he directed for over 30 TV programmes until 1990 . He was born in Stoke Newington , London . He directed many episodes of popular British TV shows , such as The Avengers , and the pilot episodes of the ITC Entertainment shows Randall and Hopkirk ( Deceased ) and Department S in 1969 . In 1970 , he directed `` Timelash '' , an episode of UFO , which he described as a very interesting script and one of his personal favourites . Frankel also directed many documentaries and feature films , including Never Take Sweets from a Stranger ( 1960 ) and School for Scoundrels ( 1960 ; taking over from Robert Hamer , who was credited as sole director ) . One of his films , Man of Africa ( 1953 ) - the first film to feature a cast made up of relatively unknown black actors - was not released and was lost for some time . A complete copy has since been discovered and has been screened at a number of international film festivals . In terms of documentaries , Frankel supervised some of the films that were broadcast for the BBC arts series Monitor ( 1958 -- 65 ) , among which was the first ballet programme to be filmed and edited to the choreography . Prior to his retirement , he became the ceramics expert for Bonhams auction house . A book , Modern Pots : Hans Coper , Lucie Rie and their Contemporaries - The Lisa Sainsbury Collection , was co-authored by Frankel and published in 2000 . His memoir , Eye to Eye , was published by Bank House Books in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "945b8432ce1706a3a178bcc22285b783", "text": "Omar Killed Me Omar Killed Me ( Omar m ' a tuer ) is a 2011 drama film directed by Roschdy Zem . The film was selected as the Moroccan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards . On 18 January 2012 , the film was named as one of the nine shortlisted entries for the Oscars . Zem , Olivier Gorce , Rachid Bouchareb and Olivier Lorelle were collectively nominated for the César Award for Best Adaptation and Sami Bouajila was nominated for the César Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07b21d6b2f811392f5f921d9678e10ea", "text": "Cop or Hood Cop or Hood ( Flic ou voyou ) is a 1979 French crime and action film directed by Georges Lautner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1953afd8df8f3c0453b179a84238db2", "text": "Assassination (1987 film) Assassination is a 1987 action-thriller film about a bodyguard who is assigned to protect the First Lady of the United States against an assassination plot . The film was directed by Peter R. Hunt and stars Charles Bronson , Jill Ireland , Charles Howerton , Jan Gan Boyd , Stephen Elliott and Chris Alcaide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9301d5457182f3e200252e98bbf617f8", "text": "Vendetta for the Saint Vendetta for the Saint is a 1964 mystery novel featuring the character of Simon Templar , alias `` The Saint '' . The novel is credited to Leslie Charteris , who created the Saint in 1928 , but the book was actually authored by Harry Harrison , a noted science fiction author who also wrote the syndicated Saint comic strip . Although Harrison wrote the majority of the book as a ghost writer , he indicates in an interview that Charteris did contribute to the final book ( albeit in a very minor way ) . . The reference work The Saint : A Complete History by Burl Barer , however , indicates that Charteris was heavily involved in editing the book . This was the first Saint volume published after Charteris chose to step back from actively writing the adventures and would be followed by a number of books credited to Charteris but actually written by other authors . Charteris remained as editor of the books , approving stories and revising material when needed . These books would be mostly based upon teleplays from the TV series or scenarios from the comic strip ; the next wholly original Saint literary stories would n't be published until the novella collection Catch the Saint more than a decade later . Vendetta for the Saint was the first full-length Saint novel published since The Saint Sees it Through was published 18 years earlier . In 1969 a television adaptation of the novel ( see below for details ) was released as a theatrical film , also entitled Vendetta for the Saint .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c64dd44e779cd04f88d16046eb946ee", "text": "Carnosaur (film) Carnosaur is a 1993 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Adam Simon . The film stars Diane Ladd , Raphael Sbarge , Jennifer Runyon , and Harrison Page . The film 's plot revolves around a mad scientist who plans to recreate dinosaurs and destroy humanity . The film is loosely based on the 1984 novel Carnosaur by John Brosnan ( under the pseudonym of Harry Adam Knight ) . The book and film have little in common , with the exception of the villain 's same basic motive , and the explicit gore and violence . It was the only film based on a Brosnan novel to be produced in America . The film was released to theaters on May 21 , 1993 by Concorde Films , just four weeks before the larger-scale blockbuster Jurassic Park . As a result , Carnosaur may be considered a `` mockbuster '' . Diane Ladd 's daughter Laura Dern was one of the stars of Jurassic Park . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 1,753,979 at the box office on a budget of $ 850,000 . Critical reception was poor however , with film critic Roger Ebert naming it the worst movie of 1993 . The film 's financial success spawned two official sequels , Carnosaur 2 in 1995 and Carnosaur 3 : Primal Species in 1996 . The second film fared poorly at the box office and the remainders were released direct-to-video . Stock footage from the first three films was used in the spin-offs Raptor and The Eden Formula .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e7b46e371c73845b31893ac450172dae", "text": "Shia LaBeouf Shia Saide LaBeouf ( -LSB- ˈʃaɪ.ə _ ləˈbʌf -RSB- born June 11 , 1986 ) is an American actor , performance artist , and filmmaker . He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens , a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003 . He made his film debut in Holes ( 2003 ) , based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar . In 2004 , he made his directorial debut with the short film Let 's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac ( 2011 ) , starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi . In 2007 , LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf 's Up . The same year he was cast in Michael Bay 's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky , the main protagonist of the series . Despite mixed reviews , Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007 . LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen ( 2009 ) and Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) , both also box office successes . In 2008 , he played Henry `` Mutt Williams '' Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise . His other films include Wall Street : Money Never Sleeps ( 2010 ) , Lawless ( 2012 ) , The Company You Keep ( 2012 ) , Nymphomaniac ( 2013 ) and Fury ( 2014 ) . Since 2014 , LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf , Rönkkö & Turner .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e0c58aefbe73c64ae97821686d488230", "text": "Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition The BT Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition , commonly called the Young Scientist Exhibition , is an Irish annual school students ' science competition that has been held in the Dublin , Ireland , every January since the competition was founded by Fr . Tom Burke & Dr. Tony Scott in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "318111dcca2f876bfbb7c0c986fa4f28", "text": "Albert Daniels Albert Daniels ( born January 8 , 1983 in Bronx , New York ) , also known as Albe Back , often stylized ALBe . Back , is an actor , artist , producer , poet , and rapper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea4c519aa43f008e736c4f28ac973900", "text": "Big Little Lies (miniseries) Big Little Lies is an American black comedy-drama HBO miniseries created and written by David E. Kelley , based on the novel of the same name by Liane Moriarty . The series began filming in January 2016 . The miniseries consists of seven episodes , all directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . It premiered on February 19 , 2017 and concluded on April 2 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f0c8575db54ee4d12e66c9492458c5", "text": "Morris Chestnut Morris Lamont Chestnut , Jr. ( born January 1 , 1969 ) is an American actor . He first came to attention for his role in the 1991 film Boyz n the Hood . He has appeared in numerous feature films and on television series , including the starring role of pathologist Dr. Beaumont Rosewood , Jr. . in the Fox TV series Rosewood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4f109a6f98f07abff559e204e34fc", "text": "Anne Bloom Anne Bloom ( born January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) , 1947 , in Los Angeles ) is an American former film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6870d39f3480abf3a226337ebb3134e8", "text": "Mohammad Bannout Mohammad Ali Bannout ( محمد علي بنوت ; born 17 December 1976 , in Beirut , Lebanon ) , informally referred to as Moe Bannout , is a Lebanese IFBB professional bodybuilder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75be56ab42a2346aba89d0951da9bfd4", "text": "Adam G. Simon Adam Gregory Simon ( born March 13 , 1977 ) is an American actor and writer . He started his professional career as an actor in theatre with roles in the early 2000s and then made his television and film debut . Simon is the writer of Man Down , a post-apocalyptic thriller directed by Dito Montiel which stars Shia LaBeouf , Kate Mara , Gary Oldman , Jai Courtney and Clifton Collins , Jr. . . Simon is also the writer of Synapse , a film where he also makes his theatrical acting debut . Directed by veteran music video director Kenlon Clark . Synapse stars Sophina Brown , Henry Simmons , Joshua Alba and Simon himself . Synapse is the first theatrical content produced by Los Angeles Center Studios and Hollywood Locations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7bd9f9bdac2af58d43937630af0fbd", "text": "Julie Ann Emery Julie Ann Emery ( born January 16 , 1975 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29b95c5afb057a4622fb197de54d51ed", "text": "Borg vs. McEnroe Borg vs. McEnroe is an upcoming Swedish biographical film focusing on the famous rivalry between famous tennis players Björn Borg and John McEnroe at the 1980 Wimbledon Championships . The film is directed by Janus Metz Pedersen , from a screenplay written by Ronnie Sandahl , and stars Sverrir Gudnason , Shia LaBeouf , Stellan Skarsgård , Tuva Novotny , and Robert Emms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba45ab4e17d078915a96a8e9f440000", "text": "Iraqi Australians Iraqi Australians are Australian citizens who identify themselves to be Iraqi descent . Since the 1991 Gulf War , thousands of Iraqis have found refuge in Australia . The total of population is estimated to be as high as 80,000 . Australia 's Iraqi-born population includes Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Armenians , Mandeans , Turkmens and Jews . The first year in which the Australian Census of Population and Housing recorded the Iraq-born separately was 1976 , when the population was 2,273 . By 1986 , the population had risen to 4,516 . By the end of the Gulf War in 1991 , it numbered 5,186 , mainly in New South Wales and Victoria . Many recent arrivals have entered Australia under the Humanitarian programme . The Gulf War and the quelling of uprisings of the Shi'a and the Kurds in Iraq resulted in a large increase in the number of Iraqis coming to Australia after 1991 . There were 24,760 Iraq-born people in Australia at the 2001 Census , making up 0.6 per cent of the overseas-born population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c07204e1d93498dda80abda30ac8b0", "text": "January Low Wye San January Low Wye San ( born 23 August 1985 ) is a Malaysian Indian Classical dancer of Chinese Indian descent . She specializes in the classical dance forms of Orissi and Bharathanatyam . Dancing under the tutelage of guru Ramli Ibrahim since she was 8 , she developed into a promising artist and was soon labeled his protégé . She had her arangetram ( solo graduation dance ) when she was 18 and went to receive the 2003 Kakiseni Award for Best Solo Performer for her performance . Since then she has toured around the world with the Sutra Dance Theatre , performing in Sydney , New York , Ukaraine , Paris , India , Italy and Malaysia . She also appeared in Malaysian musician Pete Teo 's national unity music video `` Here in My Home last '' in 2008 , starring alongside 49 other personalities , including football pundit Shebby Singh , Air Asia chief executive officer Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes , model Amber Chia , comedian Harith Iskander and actors Maya Karin . She has appeared in various magazines , most recently on the cover of Tatler Malaysia 's May 2009 arts issue . In May 2009 , she resigned from Sutra Dance Theatre and is in Seoul till November as part of a residency program in conjunction with the Seoul International Dance Festival to be held in South Korea later this year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb31dc4afc3d69fb40cd7d21457fd05f", "text": "Fjögur píanó `` Fjögur píanó '' is a song by Icelandic band Sigur Rós from their sixth studio album , Valtari . Two official music videos were released . The first , directed by Alma Har ` el and starring Shia LaBeouf and Denna Thomsen , premiered on June 18 , 2012 . The second premiered on 15 October and was directed by Anafelle Liu , Dio Lau and Ken Ngan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f8f20767b2d01e760e77bf06314d1be", "text": "Mohammad Raad Mohammad Raad ( Arabic : محمد رعد ; born 1 January 1955 ) is a Shia Lebanese member of parliament representing the Nabatiyeh district . He presides Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc in the Lebanese parliament , which is part of the 8 March Alliance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "303832b459ced8404420a583db024b92", "text": "National Police Day (Egypt) National Police Day is a national holiday in Egypt that occurs each year on 25 January . The holiday commemorates and is a remembrance for 50 police officers killed and more wounded when they refused British demands to hand over weapons and evacuate the Ismaïlia Police Station on 25 January 1952 . The British Army surrounded the police station , then brought tanks in and took over the station . The event was photographed by a local man and photos were published , inciting anger and riots throughout Egypt . January 25 was declared as an official holiday in 2009 by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to recognize the efforts of Egyptian police to maintain security and stability in Egypt and acknowledge their sacrifices . When the Egyptian police drifted away from their duty of keeping civilians and country safe and began humiliating people to back Mubarak 's corrupt regime , a number of Egyptian opposition groups had chosen this day to start mass protests in 2011 , which turned into a massive popular revolution which swept = an revolution | Revolution of 25 January -RSB- -RSB- . President Hosni Mubarak stepped down from office , and the Supreme Council of the armed forces took over the governing of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f498c2c60f5aca71df38726e73a82b0", "text": "Laila Shereen Sakr Laila Shereen Sakr ( born 1971 ) , known by her moniker , VJ Um Amel , is an Egyptian -- American digital media theorist and artist . She is the founder of the digital lab , R-Shief , Inc. , an Annenberg Fellow , and a PhD candidate in Media Arts + Practice at the University of Southern California 's School of Cinematic Arts . In her manifesto , she writes , `` I reappropriate emerging technologies in processes that are both creatively productive and critically analytical to offer insight into how people from different backgrounds and political actors can not only survive , but also become more empowered to create change in an increasingly networked culture . '' She holds an M.F.A. in Digital Arts and New Media from University of California , Santa Cruz and an M.A. in Arab Studies from Georgetown University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e109d4013bb6a1d2d3f9b5d1d5f365", "text": "January 2016 Tel Aviv shooting On 1 January 2016 , an Israeli Arab gunman opened fire on several businesses on Dizengoff Street , in Tel Aviv , Israel , killing two people and injuring seven others . He also killed a taxi driver while fleeing . Selfie videos from his cell phone were later made public by the Shin Bet , with the videos leading officials to believe that the attack was inspired by ISIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b028a4d8a55bf5c78500272e5c4b42", "text": "Syro-Lebanese in Egypt The Syro-Lebanese of Egypt ( شوام مصر , transliterated : Shawam Masr ) ( Syro-Libanais d'Egypte ) , also known as the Levantines of Egypt , are an ethnic minority group in Egypt . They are Egyptians who have ancestry originating from the Levant , mostly what is now Syria and Lebanon . The majority of Egypt 's historic Syro-Lebanese community is Christian ( Melkite Greek Catholic , Greek Orthodox , and Maronite Catholic ) , although some families were also Muslim ( Shia/Sunni ) and Jewish . Since antiquity , there has always been a Levantine presence in Egypt , however , they started becoming a distinctive minority in Egypt around the early 18th century . The majority of Syro-Lebanese migrants who arrived in Egypt during this time were French-speaking and highly influenced by the European Culture . By the dawn of the 20th century , the Syro-Lebanese of Egypt were considered a powerful and cosmopolitan community that played an important role in both Egypt 's economy and culture . Due to the rise in nationalism along with the loss of economic freedoms during the 1950s , most of Egypt 's Syro-Lebanese community left the country immigrating to the Americas , Europe , and Australia , as well as many returning to their native Lebanon ( especially Beirut ) and Syria . Notable descendants of Egypt 's Syro-Lebanese community include the world-renowned Egyptian actor Omar Sharif ( born Michel Chalhoub ) and Egyptian film director Youssef Chahine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708dd697f22de9df5302abfe741b6c7", "text": "Timeline of events related to Abu Sayyaf (2016) This article contains a timeline of events from January 2016 to December 2016 related to the IS-linked Abu Sayyaf . This article contains information about the events committed by or on behalf of the Abu Sayyaf , as well as events performed by groups who oppose them .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dfb27b851aab7289601afd42cbebc7ac", "text": "Pink Floyd Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London . They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music . Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics , sonic experimentation , extended compositions and elaborate live shows , they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in the history of popular music . Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals , Nick Mason on drums , Roger Waters on bass and vocals , and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals . They gained popularity performing in London 's underground music scene during the late 1960s , and under Barrett 's leadership released two charting singles and a successful debut album , The Piper at the Gates of Dawn ( 1967 ) . Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967 ; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health . Waters became the band 's primary lyricist and conceptual leader , devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon ( 1973 ) , Wish You Were Here ( 1975 ) , Animals ( 1977 ) , The Wall ( 1979 ) and The Final Cut ( 1983 ) . The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the best-selling albums of all time . Following creative tensions , Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979 , followed by Waters in 1985 . Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd ; Wright rejoined them as a session musician and , later , a band member . The three produced two more albums -- A Momentary Lapse of Reason ( 1987 ) and The Division Bell ( 1994 ) -- and toured through 1994 . After nearly two decades of acrimony , Gilmour , Wright , and Mason reunited with Waters in 2005 to perform as Pink Floyd in London as part of the global awareness event Live 8 ; Gilmour and Waters later stated they have no plans to reunite as a band again . Barrett died in 2006 , and Wright in 2008 . The final Pink Floyd studio album , The Endless River ( 2014 ) , was recorded without Waters and based largely on unreleased material . Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 . By 2013 , the band had sold more than 250 million records worldwide , including 75 million certified units in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9fcb49e359c9aba64fa2637a490e279", "text": "Liverpool Wall of Fame The Liverpool Wall of Fame on Mathew Street , Liverpool , England , in front of the Cavern Club is a litany of , and a tribute to , the groups which played at the original Cavern Club , including acts from the city which have reached number one in the UK Singles Chart . The wall also features a disc for every Liverpool musical act that had a number one hit . It was unveiled on 14 March 2001 by Lita Roza , whose song '' ( How Much Is ) That Doggie in the Window ? '' was the first Liverpool based act 's song to reach number one in the UK . It features 54 Liverpool number 1 UK chart hits since 1952 , and also incorporates an award winning musical themed seat . The wall is dominated by The Beatles , who have 17 discs thereon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1180a96d63e173bba71137487f802208", "text": "The Doors (album) The Doors is the debut album by the American rock band the Doors , released on January 4 , 1967 . The album features their breakthrough single `` Light My Fire '' and the lengthy song `` The End '' with its Oedipal spoken word section . The Doors was not only one of the albums to have been most central to the progression of psychedelic rock , but is also one of the most acclaimed recordings in all of popular music . In 2012 , it was ranked number 42 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 greatest albums of all time . The original album has sold 20 million copies , and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame ; `` Light My Fire '' was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . It has been reissued several times on CD , including a 2007 remaster and a 2017 `` 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition . '' In 2015 , the Library of Congress selected The Doors for inclusion in the National Recording Registry based on its cultural , artistic or historical significance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6812dcc233cc093a755c4b6e2dbda64b", "text": "Bob Dylan Blues `` Bob Dylan Blues '' is a song written in 1965 by Syd Barrett , the founder of Pink Floyd . Recorded during sessions for Barrett , it was unreleased until it turned up in 2001 and was released on The Best of Syd Barrett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06abd001f67147bbe0ff06a9897e34ae", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death . The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work . The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress . A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e68109c50a1f213acdee5983ba035b", "text": "Pink Lady (band) is a Japanese female pop music duo of the late 1970s and early 1980s , featuring Mitsuyo Nemoto ( `` Mie '' , born March 9 , 1958 ) and Keiko Masuda ( `` Kei '' , born September 2 , 1957 ) . In Japan , they are remembered for a run of pop-chart hits from roughly 1976 to 1979 , but in the United States , they are best known for their short-lived 1980 NBC TV variety show Pink Lady , later released on DVD under the title Pink Lady and Jeff . Pink Lady is one of only two Japanese artists to have reached the Billboard Top 40 , hitting # 37 with the single `` Kiss in the Dark '' ; the other was Kyu Sakamoto with the original Japanese-language version of `` Sukiyaki '' . They are also the first Japanese act to have ever performed in Seoul , South Korea , in November 1980 . In June 1979 Billboard magazine stated the duo had sales of over 72 million US dollars in Japan , and stated in September 1980 that Pink Lady 's singles had grossed over $ 40 million , their album releases over $ 25 million , and their TV appearances , such as commercials and product sponsorship , near $ 35 million -- a combined total exceeding $ 100 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "346ad9f9977edad9d66cc88bcc5a3dfd", "text": "Echoes (Pink Floyd song) `` Echoes '' is a composition by Pink Floyd including fully extended instrumental passages , continuous sound effects , and musical improvisation . Written in 1970 by all four members of the group , `` Echoes '' provides the extended finale to Pink Floyd 's album Meddle . The track has a running time of 23:31 and takes up the entire second side of the vinyl and cassette recordings . It also appears in shortened form as the fifth track on the compilation album which took its name , Echoes : The Best of Pink Floyd . `` Echoes '' is the third-longest song in Pink Floyd 's catalogue , after `` Atom Heart Mother '' ( 23:44 ) and the combined segments of `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond '' ( 26:01 ) . Unlike those pieces , it is not explicitly divided into separate parts ; however , the composition was originally assembled from separate fragments and was later split in two parts to serve as both the opening and closing numbers in the band 's film Live at Pompeii . It retains the title as the longest song by Pink Floyd that is not split into parts . The song was used to open the band 's 1987 A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour after not being played for over a decade , but was retired again after 11 shows . The song was finally revived again for Gilmour 's 2006 On an Island Tour where it was performed every night and a live version was released on Live in Gdańsk and Remember That Night .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ba9e1a80bb1922277087b62563f21f", "text": "Phantasmagoria in Two `` Phantasmagoria in Two '' is a song that was composed by Tim Buckley , as opposed to the Larry Beckett/Tim Buckley collaboration that was more commonly credited during Buckley 's earlier years , and released ( with Once I Was ) as the third and final single from his second studio album , Goodbye and Hello . The song - which is dominated by hauntingly psychedelic intertwining guitar and piano sequences - is lyrically much like the majority of the other Buckley solo compositions of the time ( such as Pleasant Street , Once I Was and Wings ) , with less of a specifically metaphoric and more of a purely ambiguous approach to the topic in question . However , despite these lyrical similarities , musically , it is perhaps the most deeply psychedelic of Buckley 's published recordings . Indeed , when recorded in June 1967 , it was the height of the psychedelic era and yet despite being very much of its time , the single failed to reach anything like a significant chart position . A slower , live version of the song was performed during his 1968 concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London , England , released in 1990 as Dream Letter : Live in London 1968 . This performance was also included on the 2001 compilation album Morning Glory : The Tim Buckley Anthology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13ab0408f5505353f9786b05a8a23d85", "text": "Patronaat Patronaat is one of the 10 largest alternative pop music halls in the Netherlands and was established in 1984 . It is located at the Zijlsingel in Haarlem , near the city center . In 2003 the old building was replaced with a brand new concert hall , which was being used for the first time in 2005 . Between September 2003 until May 2005 a temporary location at the Oostvest functioned as Haarlem 's concert hall . The new building was designed by architect Paul Diederen of the architecture firm Diederen Dirriox Architecten of Eindhoven . The building 's capacity was significantly increased with a large hall for 1000 visitors , a second one for some 350 guests and a music bar for 100 people , which has live music three days in the week , free of admission . A total of 500 events is organised every year , for some 140.000 people . With a strong program and a character of its own Patronaat provides progressive pop music and meets the wishes of its catchment . Over the years artists like Willy DeVille , Solomon Burke , Tori Amos , Dick Dale , Herman Brood , Living Colour , Bo Diddley , dEUS , Zita Swoon , Gabriel Rios , Rickie Lee Jones , The Gutter Twins , Steve Lukather , José Feliciano , Babyshambles , Calexico , Michael Franti & Spearhead , but also heavy acts like Limp Bizkit , Anthrax , The Bloodhound Gang , Marillion , The Misfits , Danko Jones , Soulfly , Therapy ? , New Model Army , Y&T , Neurosis , Cradle of Filth , Obituary , D.R.I. , Helmet , Dimmu Borgir and Deicide , as well as large names in the electronic music world like Paul Kalkbrenner , Dave Clarke , Knife Party , Steve Aoki , Modeselektor , Jeff Mills , James Holden , DJ Hell , Orbital , Leftfield , Battles , Pendulum , Chase & Status , Nero , Camo & Krooked , Andy C , Sub Focus , Aphrodite , Ed Rush , Benga , Skream , Caspa and Rusko have found their way to the Haarlem venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "567b3abcb8d34b5cf21cd6bf52dc7d3b", "text": "Floyd Rose The Floyd Rose Locking Tremolo , or simply Floyd Rose , is a type of locking vibrato arm for a guitar . Floyd D. Rose invented the locking vibrato in 1977 , the first of its kind , and it is now manufactured by a company of the same name . The Floyd Rose gained popularity in the 1980s through guitarists like Eddie Van Halen , Neal Schon , Brad Gillis , Joe Satriani , Steve Vai , and Alex Lifeson , who used its ability to stay in tune even with extreme changes in pitch . Its tuning stability comes through the double-locking design that has been widely regarded as revolutionary ; the design has been listed on Guitar Worlds `` 10 Most Earth Shaking Guitar Innovations '' and Guitar Players `` 101 Greatest Moments in Guitar History 1979 -- 1983 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccbb4d606aa4a72b909d5d5be9fef6ad", "text": "The Dogs of War (song) `` The Dogs of War '' is a song by Pink Floyd from their 1987 album , A Momentary Lapse of Reason . It was the third single from the album in the US and Australia . Live versions have an extended intro , an extended middle solo for the saxophone , a guitar and sax duel and a longer outro as compared to the album version . The track was a minor rock radio hit in the US and reached # 16 on MTV 's Video Countdown in May 1988 . `` The Dogs of War '' describes politicians orchestrating wars , suggesting the major influence behind war is money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e004fcde5b6d1025bc5e225f8ca096", "text": "Brain Damage (song) `` Brain Damage '' is the ninth track from English rock band Pink Floyd 's 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon . It was sung on record by Roger Waters ( with harmonies by David Gilmour ) , who would continue to sing it on his solo tours . Gilmour sang the lead vocal when Pink Floyd performed it live on their 1994 tour ( as can be heard on Pulse ) . The band originally called this track `` Lunatic '' during live performances and recording sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb80a4b7a0048876e819c19086e2f998", "text": "Scarlet Party Scarlet Party was formed in Essex , England , in the early 1980s . The founder members were , singer/songwriters Graham Dye , and brother Steven Dye , with drummer Sean Heaphy . They began to perform at many top venues , to a well established following , and had already recorded an album of original material , and were signed to a major record company , when joined by fourth member , Mark Gilmour , brother of Pink Floyd 's David Gilmour , on lead guitar . The debut single , `` 101 Dam-Nations '' , was released on EMI 's famous Parlophone label , on 16 October 1982 , alongside a special re-release of Love Me Do , celebrating The Beatles ' 20th anniversary at EMI . This helped to get Scarlet Party noticed , and with the voice of Graham Dye , uncannily resembling that of John Lennon , a television , radio , and magazine , publicity campaign , helped to reinforce the connection . The single was enthusiastically received ( Kate Bush described it as her favourite ) , and reached number 44 in the UK Singles Chart . The follow-up single `` Eyes Of Ice '' reached number 8 in the Portuguese chart . The single was released in February 1983 , on ice-clear vinyl , which was a request from the band , and all art-work for the sleeve was created by Graham Dye , using coloured pencils . EMI then decided not to release the completed album , which was to be called ` Scarlet Skies ' . ` Scarlet Skies ' , was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in 1981-82 , but has never been officially released . The linked songs explore themes of war , love , and alienation , in styles reminiscent of both the mini pop operas of The Who , and the progressive concept albums of Pink Floyd . The band recorded more original songs written by the Dye brothers , as a four-piece , until the departure of Mark Gilmour at the end of 1983 , and then , once again , as a three-piece , also working on other projects , including a musical cartoon adventure based on the band , none of which were taken on by EMI . Scarlet Party continued performing live shows , joined briefly by new member Micky Portman on bass , and recorded several more tracks at Abbey Road Studios . However , the band now feeling disheartened , and disappointed in EMI , decided to call it a day at the end of 1985 . Graham Dye went on to work as lead vocalist , on several albums by The Alan Parsons Project , and more recently , a new version of `` 101 Dam-Nations '' was made , featuring Graham and Steven Dye , together with Phil Collins of Genesis , playing the drums . The brothers requested the help of Alan Parsons to produce the recording , which is not yet available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fbbdd0923ce5afcc744feb9382d4f1", "text": "Back Against the Wall Back Against the Wall is an album released in 2005 by Billy Sherwood in collaboration with a number of ( mostly ) progressive rock artists as a tribute to Pink Floyd 's album The Wall . A sequel , also organised by Sherwood , was released the next year : Return to the Dark Side of the Moon was a tribute to Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa3f98cac8a405d420cda6d13d37e60", "text": "Southampton Dock `` Southampton Dock '' is a song from Pink Floyd 's 1983 album , The Final Cut . In World War II , many soldiers departed from Southampton to fight against the Germans . In the eighties , Southampton was again used as a departure base , this time for the Falklands War . The song describes a woman who waves the soldiers `` Goodbye again '' . The song includes a snippet of the theme from the track `` It 's Never too Late '' , a song originally written and recorded for Pink Floyd The Wall but was cut before the final band production demo of August 12 , 1979 . `` It 's Never Too Late '' was later reworked and the melody was incorporated into the second section of `` Southampton Dock '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d210cd1cf931994d1ed34c2b8995cc", "text": "Pink Floyd Revisited Pink Floyd Revisited is a live DVD recorded by rock band Mostly Autumn in 2004 . This was a recording of a one-off concert at the Civic Hall in Stratford-Upon-Avon where they played a whole set of Pink Floyd covers . It was only available for a limited period of time and has become quite sought after by Mostly Autumn fans . The V Shows DVD was also included in the same box making it a double DVD set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42b88008e85db745220144ef5fa1f20d", "text": "Lobby Loyde Lobby Loyde ( born John Baslington Lyde , 18 May 1941 -- 21 April 2007 ) , also known as John Barrie Lyde or Barry Lyde , was an Australian rock music guitarist , songwriter and producer . He was a member of two 1960s groups : Purple Hearts , which had a Top 40 hit with `` Early in the Morning '' in 1966 , and Wild Cherries with their hit `` That 's Life '' in 1967 . He became a leading figure in the 1970s Australian pub rock scene , particularly as a member of Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs on their No. 8 album , The Hoax Is Over ( 1971 ) and Coloured Balls for a Top 20 album Ball Power ( 1973 ) . He was briefly a member of Rose Tattoo during 1979 to 1980 . His solo work includes the psychedelic album , Plays with George Guitar ( 1971 ) and the space opera , Beyond Morgia : The Labyrinths of Klimster ( 2007 ) . Known for his plectrum guitar technique , Loyde inspired a legion of Australian musicians , and was also cited as an influence by international musicians such as Kurt Cobain and Henry Rollins . He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2006 where his Rose Tattoo band mate , Angry Anderson acknowledged his prowess , `` More than anyone else , Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound , long before Angus -LSB- Young -RSB- or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo . Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could . People are still trying to copy it today '' . Loyde died of lung cancer in April 2007 and was survived by his children , Shane , Frances , Rebecca , Vyvyan and Lucinda , and his second wife Debbie Nankervis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa0e0f38a47f282318e1ccd350f9da1", "text": "Concerts at Knebworth House The Knebworth Festival is a recurring open air rock and pop concert held on the grounds of the Knebworth House in Knebworth , England . The festival first occurred in 1974 when The Allman Brothers Band , The Doobie Brothers and other artists attracted 60,000 people . Since then the venue has hosted numerous outdoor concerts , featuring artists including Pink Floyd , Lynyrd Skynyrd , The Rolling Stones , Genesis , Frank Zappa , Led Zeppelin , The Beach Boys , Deep Purple , Queen , Status Quo , Paul McCartney , Eric Clapton , Elton John , Robert Plant , Dire Straits , Oasis , Robbie Williams , Europe and the Red Hot Chili Peppers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8207672018a5f468f4148b848bcc0516", "text": "My Own Private Idaho My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant , loosely based on Shakespeare 's Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V , and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves . The story follows two friends , Mike and Scott , as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mike 's hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mike 's mother . Van Sant originally wrote the screenplay in the 1970s , but discarded it after reading John Rechy 's 1963 novel City of Night and concluding that Rechy 's treatment of the subject of street hustlers was better than his own . Over the years , Van Sant rewrote the script , which comprised two stories : that of Mike and the search for his mother , and Scott 's story as a modern update of the Henry IV plays . Van Sant had difficulty getting Hollywood financing , and at one point considered making the film on a minuscule budget with a cast of actual street kids . After Van Sant sent copies of his script to Reeves and then Reeves showed it to Phoenix , both agreed to star in the film on each other 's behalf . My Own Private Idaho had its premiere at the 48th Venice International Film Festival , and received largely positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert and those of The New York Times and Entertainment Weekly . The film was a moderate financial success , grossing over $ 6.4 million in North America , which was above its estimated budget of $ 2.5 million . Phoenix received several awards for his performance in the film , including the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 1991 Venice Film Festival , Best Male Lead from the Independent Spirit Awards , and Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fbfbdb69b9ae41428b121de835aaee9f", "text": "On My Own (film) On My Own is a 1991 film starring Judy Davis and Matthew Ferguson . Ferguson plays Simon Henderson , a student at an Ontario boarding school , whose father lives in Hong Kong , and whose mother ( played by Davis ) is from England . The plot revolves around Simon coming to terms with the revelation that his mother suffers from schizophrenia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb79effc20dd887ab3c6cb3e51fc199", "text": "24th Venice International Film Festival The 24th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 24 August to 7 September 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e93d816e77a9acdcc61b45cb010a4c79", "text": "Palm Springs Festival of Festivals Palm Springs Festival of Festivals used to take place in October/November Palm Springs , California . It was established in 2001 by Craig Prater , Executive Director , as a showcase of short and feature films as a challenge to the longer-standing Palm Springs International Film Festival , of which Prater had previously been director . The festival aimed to attract all ages of the community , with the inclusion of a four-day International Children 's Film Festival complete with a youth panel of jurors and awards created by elementary age children to acknowledge participants . All profits from the Children 's Festival were donated to the Children 's Museum of the Desert . The Palm Springs chapter of Women in Film sponsored the award ceremony . Awards included Best Female Director , Best New Director , The Hadassah Award , The Passion Latino Award , Best Jewish Film , The Diversity Awareness Award , Audience Awards and the Vision Award , given to the best digital film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec8420c51221e70e54d889b5dd7cdc4", "text": "Talent for the Game Talent for the Game is a 1991 film about a baseball scout , directed by Robert M. Young . It starred Edward James Olmos and Lorraine Bracco , in her first film after Goodfellas , with Terry Kinney , Jamey Sheridan , and Jeff Corbett as co-stars . Scenes were filmed on the Palouse in the small town of Genesee , Idaho , between Lewiston and Moscow , and nearby Garfield , Washington . Other scenes were shot in northern Idaho at Kellogg . After a disappointing debut in a limited number of theaters in Florida , it went quickly to video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f9627831de3636f4ff32e856aa66333", "text": "Changchun Film Festival The Changchun Film Festival is a biennial international film festival held in the Chinese city of Changchun . Ostensibly international , its award for best film , the Golden Deer has nevertheless primarily been awarded to Chinese and other East Asia-region films . It was first held in 1992 and was founded in part by the Changchun Film Studio ( now the Changchun Film Studio Group Corporation ) . The festival is funded in part by the Ministry of Radio , Cinema , and Television , the provincial government of Jilin , and the Changchun municipal government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfcf712016410e2ab90a10445e6a506", "text": "Bare Bones International Film Festival The Bare Bones International Film and Music Festival was founded in 1999 by the Darkwood Film Arts Institute ( DFAI ) in the city of Muskogee , Oklahoma to showcase independent motion picture projects with budgets of less than 1 million dollars ( hence Bare Bones ) . The festival runs for eleven days each year in late April at several venues in downtown Muskogee . MovieMaker Magazine called Bare Bones a `` small-town festival that celebrates indie auteurs , directors , screenwriters , actors and cinematographers in a big way . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81c1e5654c102c2c52e3f2949c6a3df", "text": "New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f728ad1c87b5e28871eaeb8a989b8d33", "text": "1976 Deauville American Film Festival The 2nd Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from August 31 to September 5 , 1976 . This year , the festival auctioned film posters of the films screening at the festival , which continued over subsequent years . The festival was non-competitive in nature and remained so until 1995 . The festival introduced Lucien Barrière Prize for Literature , which was awarded every year during the Festival to an American author . The festival contained three different sections in its programme , in which 38 feature films were screened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc44239d6ab94c62e139e928ed9470e1", "text": "Idaho wine Idaho wine refers to wine made from the U.S. state of Idaho . Idaho has a long history of wine production with the first vineyards in the Pacific Northwest being planted here in the 1860s . Like in other areas Prohibition in the United States virtually wiped out the Idaho wine industry in the early twentieth century only to have it resurrected again in the 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0fb3dacabd19579d66cd88cd8c2fe9", "text": "FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania The FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania in Schwerin ( filmkunstfest Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , founded in 1991 -- just after the fall of the wall -- is today one of East Germany 's largest film festivals with more than 17,000 visitors . It has a competition for feature film , documentary film and short film to be produced or co-produced in Germany , Austria or Switzerland . The main prize is the Flying Ox ( Fliegender Ochse ) , a hint to the armorial bearings of the State of Mecklenburg , the Taurus . The main prize is endowed with 10.000 $ by the Ministry of Education , Science and Culture Mecklenburg-Pomerania . The Findling Award is by the umbrella organization of the art house cinemas , cultural cinemas and film clubs , the Verband für Filmkommunikation . The festival takes place usually in the first week of May .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d19d848e78e0b6ee38eb9ce676359e74", "text": "Love Your Shorts Film Festival The Love Your Shorts Film Festival is a film festival held in Sanford , Florida , around Valentine 's Day . The Festival screens only short films under 30 minutes in length . Films are divided into different blocks for screening . Audience members at each block vote for their favorite film and winners are announced on the spot . The winning films from each block advance to a final block for a panel of judges to pick the overall festival winner . Winners of each block earn the festival 's award , the `` Monroe , '' an original piece of metal artwork named after Sanford 's Lake Monroe . At the end of each block a brief Q&A session is conducted between the filmmakers and audience members . The Festival hosts an hour-long moderated filmmakers panel in which movie techniques and filmmaker triumphs and tribulations are discussed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ac3fcc2a5f7f09b1f47bc946f3f8c8", "text": "August (2008 film) August is a 2008 American drama film directed by Austin Chick and presented by 57th & Irving . The screenplay by Howard A. Rodman focuses on two brothers , ambitious dot-com entrepreneurs attempting to keep their company afloat as the stock market begins to collapse in August 2001 , one month prior to the 9/11 attacks . The film premiered as an official selection of the Spectrum section at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb00d95fd1e80b91338b5073e5e43c3", "text": "Chicago Underground Film Festival Chicago Underground Film Festival , ( CUFF ) founded in 1994 , occurs each spring at various venues in Chicago , Illinois , US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d9822d7933fa9c0b2ec669576446c4", "text": "28th Berlin International Film Festival The 28th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 22 February to 5 March 1978 . The festival opened with Opening Night by John Cassavetes and closed with Steven Spielberg 's out of competition film Close Encounters of the Third Kind . This was the first year the festival was held in February . The jury awarded the Golden Bear to Spain for its contribution to the festival . The three Spanish films which were screened at the festival and won it were short film Ascensor directed by Tomás Muñoz and feature films La palabras de Max by Emilio Martínez Lázaro and Las truchas by José Luis García Sánchez . A new section for children was introduced at the festival . The Part 2 of the retrospective dedicated to Marlene Dietrich was shown at the festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f5d86b8ae48165fa29a134835cb0c6", "text": "Sam & Me Sam & Me is a 1991 Canadian film directed by well-known Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta . It was her debut movie as a director . The film went on to win an honourable mention at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383f683414572849c927d55424f578ff", "text": "Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world . The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo . The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02c2b172be6df3bd35a8108336336d0c", "text": "A More Perfect Union (film) A More Perfect Union : America Becomes a Nation is a 1989 American feature film dramatizing the events of the Constitutional Convention . The film was produced by Brigham Young University to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the drafting of the United States Constitution , and many professors from BYU 's School of Fine Arts and Communications were involved in its production either as actors or in other capacities . After its release , the film was officially recognized by the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution as `` of exceptional merit '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b8bdf44ec2aa3a7f88e9d792793b5bd", "text": "Idaho (band) Idaho is an American rock band formed in 1992 in Los Angeles , California , United States , founded as a duo by high school friends Jeff Martin and John K. Berry . The two had played in various bands and projects together since 1981 . They were eventually signed to Caroline Records in December 1992 by Brian Long , then released the The Palms EP and Year After Year full-length in 1993 . Martin and Berry switched off on drumming duties and shared in the songwriting . Idaho drew frequent comparisons to American Music Club , Red House Painters and Codeine due to vocal , lyrical , and instrumental similarities . Idaho toured the U.S. with similar-minded artists like Red House Painters , Half String , Low , and Cranes in 1993-1995 . Dan Seta joined as a multi-instrumentalist on Three Sheets to the Wind , the band 's third album , along with Terry Borden - bass ( later of the Pete Yorn band ) and Mark Lewis ( West Indian Girl ) on drums . Seta and Lewis had previously been in the band Pet Clarke together , along with Geoff Gans and former Let 's Active touring bassist Janine Cooper , who went on to join Downy Mildew . Idaho have played dates in Europe with Lali Puna and Dirty Three Martin had recorded some solo songs ( including `` Never Back Again '' ) in 1984 in the U.K. , but a solo career never materialized . Idaho 's music is traditionally categorized as slowcore or sadcore . The band has released nine full-length albums , as well as numerous EPs and singles , dating back to 1992 . Idaho became primarily the vehicle of singer-songwriter Martin , who has performed the most recent of Idaho 's albums almost entirely on his own . To this day , he remains the band 's sole songwriter and principal musician . His foreboding four-string tenor guitar playing ( he has had several such guitars custom-made for him ) is a hallmark of most Idaho albums , though later releases rely more heavily on piano . 1998 album Alas featured vocals on a few songs by Melissa Auf der Maur . Idaho 's sonic stylings range from existentially introspective songs to cathartic screaming , though their music falls in the first category the majority of the time . Their release , The Lone Gunman , often eschews the traditional song structure for more instrumental experimentation . In December 2008 Idaho contributed their track `` Santa Claus Is Weird '' to an Indiecater Records festive compilation titled An Indiecater Christmas . Martin has recently done music for U.S. television shows , films , and documentaries . On January 9 , 2016 , John Berry died in his sleep .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e9b23da2757ca0f678fcf66d6a14b512", "text": "Loni Love Loni Love ( born July 12 , 1970 or 1971 ) is an American comedian and actress . While working as an electrical engineer in 2003 , Love began to pursue a career in music engineering . She was the runner-up on Star Search 2003 and was named among the `` Top 10 Comics to Watch '' in both Variety and Comedy Central in 2009 . She is currently one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with Jeannie Mai , Tamera Mowry and Adrienne Bailon , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e0dc92871249fcd80400bfbd1f42c601", "text": "Love and Kisses (song) `` Love and Kisses '' is a dance-pop song performed by Australian singer Dannii Minogue . The song was written by Alvin Moody , and produced by Moody , Vincent Bell and Dancin ' Danny D for Minogue 's debut album Love and Kisses ( 1991 ) . It was released as Minogue 's debut single in February 1990 in Australia and on 18 March 1991 in the United Kingdom . It entered the top ten in the UK and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4be251114d41374bb92b55f89b5bfb", "text": "Without Love (film) Without Love is a 1942 play by Philip Barry , later made into a 1945 romantic comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn . The film was directed by Harold S. Bucquet from a screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart based on the Barry play . Lucille Ball also stars in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f224280fc6c49f7b1aef16ff3c913c27", "text": "Only Love Only Love may refer to : `` Only Love '' ( Nana Mouskouri song ) ( 1986 ) `` Only Love '' ( Wynonna Judd song ) ( 1993 ) `` Only Love '' ( The Braxtons song ) ( 1997 ) `` Only Love '' ( Anggun song ) ( 2011 ) `` Only Love '' ( Ben Howard song ) ( 2012 ) `` Only Love '' ( Shaggy song ) ( 2015 ) `` Only Love '' , Brotherhood of Man song from the album Singing a Song ( 1979 ) `` Only Love '' , a song by Alkaline Trio from the album My Shame Is True ( 2013 ) Only Love , a 1997 novel by Erich Segal Only Love , a novel by Ann Maxwell writing as Elizabeth Lowell Only Love ( film ) , 1998 made-for-TV film starring Marisa Tomei", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dbac271cd6c6d975dc7d424483d7ae2", "text": "All About Love All About Love may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d222ae64ba0d2dc3ff8a7c5609bea09", "text": "Sporting Love Sporting Love was a musical written by Stanley Lupino with music by Billy Mayerl . It opened at the Gaiety Theatre , London on March 31 , 1934 and ran for 302 performances . In 1936 it was adapted as a film Sporting Love starring Lupino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ab802b2d3cc46160261fda0afbacd8d", "text": "Love&Live Love & Live is the first extended play by South Korean girl group LOOΠΔ 's sub-unit LOOΠΔ 1/3 . It was released on March 13 , 2017 , by Blockberry Creative and distributed by CJ E&M . The album contains five tracks , including the title track of the same name . The repackage , Love & Evil , was released on April 27 , 2017 , and contains seven to eight tracks , including three new tracks and , depending on the version , a remix of either `` Love & Live '' or `` You And Me Together '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d19d848e78e0b6ee38eb9ce676359e74", "text": "Love Your Shorts Film Festival The Love Your Shorts Film Festival is a film festival held in Sanford , Florida , around Valentine 's Day . The Festival screens only short films under 30 minutes in length . Films are divided into different blocks for screening . Audience members at each block vote for their favorite film and winners are announced on the spot . The winning films from each block advance to a final block for a panel of judges to pick the overall festival winner . Winners of each block earn the festival 's award , the `` Monroe , '' an original piece of metal artwork named after Sanford 's Lake Monroe . At the end of each block a brief Q&A session is conducted between the filmmakers and audience members . The Festival hosts an hour-long moderated filmmakers panel in which movie techniques and filmmaker triumphs and tribulations are discussed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa42c3de7bbf316faf99573e31ac3f1", "text": "Love to Love Love to Love may refer to : Love to Love ( film ) , a 2003 Dutch film Love to Love ( TV series ) , a 2000s Filipino show `` Love to Love '' , a song by The Monkees from Monkee Business `` Love to Love '' , a song by UFO from Lights Out", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e10ae9c10ac3ecfd0bf88ad04824dee9", "text": "Toxic Love Toxic Love ( Amore tossico ) is a 1983 Italian drama film directed by Claudio Caligari . The film depicts a realistic and graphic portrayal of the heroin addiction that afflicted many young drifters in the eighties . The cast was entirely made of amateur actors , of whom most of them were or had been drug addicts . The film premiered at the 40th Venice International Film Festival , in which it won the De Sica Award . It was also screened at the San Sebastián International Film Festival , in which Michela Mioni was awarded best actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7beb6db9e6c7a3f78bc63b3000cdedbf", "text": "Lona Cultural Lona Cultural is a theatre in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757e8192fc9901c04a3eba876e65756d", "text": "Loha (1987 film) Loha is a 1987 Hindi film directed by Raj N. Sippy . It was released in India on 23 January 1987 . It stars Dharmendra , Shatrughan Sinha , Karan Kapoor , Madhavi , Mandakini and Amrish Puri . The film was one of that year 's highest grossing films . The film became Dharmendra 's first hit of the year 1987 , where he went on to deliver 7 more outright hits and hence , represented one of his best career years as well as an all-time record year for any Hindi film star . The film 's music became popular also , most notably , `` Isa Pir na musa pir , sabse bada hain paisa pir '' picturised beautifully on the male leads of the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80155fc806070dbf0005968fca572d38", "text": "Love Songs (Yanni album) Love Songs is a compilation album by Keyboardist Yanni , released on the Private Music label in 1999 . The album peaked at # 1 on Billboard 's `` Top New Age Albums '' chart and at # 98 on the `` Billboard 200 '' chart in the same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bf1f22e59e171ce656023185f03aa9", "text": "A Wrong Way to Love A Wrong Way to Love ( Amarsi male ) is a 1969 Italian drama film . It was directed by Fernando Di Leo . It stars Nieves Navarro , Gianni Macchia , Micaela Pignatelli , Lucio Dalla , and Lea Lander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1db7ef5ce481651b446c320687bfdd", "text": "Love Rules (film) Love Rules is a 2004 comedy film starring Joey Lawrence and Maggie Lawson , airing on ABC Family . On its premiere night , Love Rules opened up with 4.1 million viewers tuning in for its premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ccc92cde1ee4a9009b4d60dda68361", "text": "Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64347edd6e17c0c1a1bebdba03687883", "text": "Love Exchange (film) Love Exchange is an Indian 2015 Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by Raj V Shetty and produced by Nadia Ali Shirazi under the Winds of Change Entertainment banner . The film was released on 30 October 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f527ba873b9bd2e6adbd50e0ba74b87f", "text": "Love in Nepal Love in Nepal is a 2004 Bollywood romantic thriller film directed by Rajat Mukherjee which was released on 6 March 2004 . Unlike Sonu Nigam in the male lead , who is otherwise a well known Bollywood playback singer , the film has Nepali film actress Jharana Bajracharya and Richa Ghimire from Nepal and Flora Saini in the female lead . This is Sonu Nigam 's second film as the male lead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd9a5be598ec1ff7e60e13b1c251388e", "text": "Love & Understanding Love & Understanding is the seventh studio album by the funk band Kool & the Gang , released in 1976 . The album had mild success . Three tracks , `` Hollywood Swinging '' , `` Summer Madness '' and `` Universal Sound '' were recorded live at the Rainbow Theatre in London , England . The song `` Summer Madness '' was used in the motion picture Rocky as radio background during a scene in Rocky 's home . It is also featured in the soundtrack of the videogame Tony Hawk 's Project 8 , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , and in a Nike commercial . `` Hollywood Swinging '' is featured in the soundtrack of Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a83ddaa1eca7a61974df9f2516d8bee", "text": "Hema Malini Hema Malini ( `` Hema Malini Chakravarty '' ) ( born 16 October 1948 , Ammankudi ( Orathanadu ) , Tamil Nadu , India ) is an Indian actress , director , producer , dancer and politician . 1963 she made acting debut in Tamil film `` Ithu Sathiyam '' as a dancer resp . supporting actress . Malini first acted in main role in Sapno Ka Saudagar ( 1968 ) , and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films , primarily as the lead actress . In most of her films , she starred opposite her husband ; Dharmendra and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand . Malini was initially promoted as the `` Dream Girl '' , and in 1977 starred in a film of the same name . She has played both comic and dramatic roles , as well as being a dancer . She has appeared in more than 150 films . During her career , Malini received eleven nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress , winning the award in 1972 . In 2000 , Malini won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and also the Padma Shri , the fourth-highest civilian honour awarded by the Government of India . In 2012 , the Sir Padampat Singhania University conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Malini in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema . Malini served as chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation . In 2006 , Malini received Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts ( SaMaPa ) Vitasta award from Bhajan Sopori in Delhi for her contribution and service to Indian culture and dance . In 2013 , she received the NTR National Award from Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contribution to Indian cinema . From 2003 to 2009 , Malini was elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper House of parliament , as a representative of the Bharatiya Janata Party . In 2014 , Malini was elected to the Lok Sabha . Malini has been involved with charitable and social ventures . Currently , Malini is also a life member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ) . She was the top and successful actress of her time . She has been praised by critics for dancing and acting", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f8ec26539927636125db9bde019fc8", "text": "Love Simple Love Simple is a 2009 romantic comedy film written and directed by Mark von Sternberg and starring Francisco Solorzano , Patrizia Hernandez , John Harlacher , Caitlin Fitzgerald and Israel Horovitz . The film is currently available on DVD through Synergetic Distribution and also for download and VOD on iTunes movie store . The producers of the film have partnered with the SLE Lupus Foundation , donating 10 % of their proceeds from all sales to the organization .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b506d4f2a7e58a0c905f41161e51a86d", "text": "North Korea North Korea , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula . Pyongyang is the nation 's capital and largest city . To the north and northwest the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in China ) and Tumen rivers ; it is bordered to the south by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two . In 1910 , Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan . After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel by the United States and the Soviet Union , with the north occupied by the Soviets and the south by the Americans . Negotiations on reunification failed , and in 1948 , separate governments were formed : the socialist Democratic People 's Republic of Korea in the north , and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south . An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire , but no peace treaty was signed . North Korea officially describes itself as a self-reliant socialist state and formally holds elections . Critics regard it as a totalitarian dictatorship . Various media outlets have called it Stalinist , particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around Kim Il-sung and his family . International organizations have assessed that human rights violations in North Korea have no parallel in the contemporary world . The Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) , led by a member of the ruling family , holds power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members . Juche , an ideology of national self-reliance , was introduced into the constitution as a `` creative application of Marxism -- Leninism '' in 1972 . The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms . Most services such as healthcare , education , housing and food production are subsidized or state-funded . From 1994 to 1998 , North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 3.5 million people , and the country continues to struggle with food production . North Korea follows Songun , or `` military-first '' policy . It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel , with a total of 9,495,000 active , reserve , and paramilitary personnel . Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world , after China , the United States , and India . It possesses nuclear weapons . North Korea is an atheist state with no official religion and where public religion is discouraged .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efba722d112828808f43048049571dc6", "text": "2006 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted on July 5 , 2006 . The Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or North Korea ) reportedly fired at least seven separate missiles . These included one long-range Taepodong-2 missile and short-range Scud derived missiles including the enlarged Nodong missile . The Taepodong-2 was estimated by United States intelligence agencies as having a potential range reaching as far as Alaska , the missile reached a distance of about 250 miles from northern California . North Korea made its first public acknowledgement of the tests on July 6 , through its foreign ministry , describing them as `` successful '' and part of `` regular military drills to strengthen self-defense , '' insisting that it had the legal right to do so . The country warned of `` stronger physical actions '' if it were put under pressure by the international community . On July 8 , CNN reported that the U.S. had deployed the USS Mustin , a guided missile destroyer , to the Japanese port of Yokosuka , home of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet . A spokeswoman said that the deployment was not related to the test-firings , and it had been previously planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d1a2576ea45a8585266a0c387d01ffc", "text": "Rason Rason ( formerly Rajin-Sŏnbong ; -LSB- ɾa.sʌn , ɾa.dʑin.sʌn.boŋ -RSB- ) is a North Korean city and ice-free port in the Sea of Japan in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea . It is in the Kwanbuk region and location of the Rason Special Economic Zone . In South Korean pronunciation , the initial `` R '' of the name is pronounced as `` N '' , ( 나선 , Naseon ) as per standard Korean phonology . In 2000 , the name was shortened from `` Rajin-Sŏnbong '' to `` Rason '' . During the 1930s , the Japanese called it Rashin ; at that time , it was an important port at the end of a railroad line . It was liberated by the Red Army on 14 August 1945 . Before 1991 , Rason was used by the Soviet Union as an alternative warm-water port in case Vladivostok was unavailable . From 1993 to 2004 , it was administered separately from North Hamgyŏng as the directly governed city ( Chikhalsi ) of Rason . Prior to 1993 and from 2004 to 2009 , the city had been part of the North Hamgyŏng Province . Since 2010 , the city is a `` special city '' , again breaking from provincial control , but different from its older designation as a directly governed city . What this means in practice is unclear . Rason borders Jilin province of China and Khasansky District in Primorsky Krai of Russia . China is making investments in the port as it gives it access to the Sea of Japan . In July 2011 , the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) gave a green light to the China 's domestic trade cargo to be shipped via its port of Rajin from northeast to east China . Coal is shipped from nearby Chinese mines to Shanghai . A casino by the sea caters to Chinese visitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ba8a7145bc2428a80c1d873626125c", "text": "Cho Ki-chon Cho Ki-chon ( 조기천 6 November 1913 -- 31 July 1951 ) was a Russian-born North Korean poet . He is regarded as `` a founding father of North Korean poetry '' whose distinct Soviet-influenced style of lyrical epic poetry in the socialist realist genre became an important feature of North Korean literature . He was nicknamed `` Korea 's Mayakovsky '' after the writer whose works had had an influence on him and which implied his breaking from the literature of the old society and his commitment to communist values . After a remark made by Kim Jong-il on his 2001 visit to Russia , North Korean media has referred to Cho as the `` Pushkin of Korea '' . Cho was dispatched by the Soviet authorities to liberated Korea when the Red Army entered in 1945 . By that time , he had substantial experience with Soviet literature and literature administration . The Soviets hoped that Cho would shape the cultural institutions of the new state based on the Soviet model . For the Soviets , the move was successful and Cho did not only that but also significantly developed socialist realism as it would become the driving force of North Korean literature and arts . Cho offered some of the earliest contributions to Kim Il-sung 's cult of personality . His most famous work is Mt. Paektu ( 1947 ) , a lyrical epic praising Kim Il-sung 's guerrilla activities and promoting him as a suitable leader for the new North Korean state . Other notable works by Cho include , a seemingly non-political love poem which was later adapted as a popular song that is known in both North and South Korea . During the Korean War , Cho wrote wartime propaganda poems . He died during the war in an American bombing raid . He and his works are still renowned in North Korean society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e3e66797fb41d2ffd43d092aa8e66d4", "text": "Songwon County Songwŏn County is a kun , or county , in southwestern Chagang province , North Korea . It borders Usi and Kop ` ung counties to the north , Tongsin to the east , and Hŭich ' ŏn to the south , as well as North P'yŏngan 's Tongchang county to the west . Originally part of Chosan , it was established as a separate county in 1949 , when Chagang province was created . The Ch ` ongch ' ŏn and Chungman Rivers both flow through Songwŏn . The terrain is mountainous , with the Pinandŏk and Chogyuryong Mountains rising in the county 's south . The highest peaks are in the north ; the tallest is Koambong , 1,744 m above sea level . The climate is continental but relatively wet ; the frost begins in early October and lifts in late April . The chief local industry is logging , with 93 % of the county covered by forestland . Livestock , particularly cattle , are also raised , and crops including maize and rice are grown . A 67 km ² reservoir has been built across the Chungman ( completed in 1980 ) , and is used for hydroelectric power .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "050ce1425f85fa0edbe6d205723ec1be", "text": "Ahobiryong Mountains The Ahobiryong Mountains are a mountain range stretching from north to south in central North Korea . The range straddles the border between North Hwanghae and Kangwon provinces . The most famous part of the range is located near Kaesong , the ancient capital of the Koryo dynasty , located in North Hwanghaew ; because of its natural beauty , it is sometimes called the `` Kumgangsan '' of Kaesong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fb5d5e2272458f5368305131ae5435d", "text": "North Korea–Russia border The border between Russia and North Korea , according to the official Russian definition , consists of 17 km of `` terrestrial border '' and 22.1 km ( 12 nautical miles ) of `` maritime border '' . It is the shortest of the international borders of Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1afa0588d3c5eb7a6a106082164a7521", "text": "MiG Alley `` MiG Alley '' was the name given by United Nations ( UN ) pilots to the northwestern portion of North Korea , where the Yalu River empties into the Yellow Sea . During the Korean War , it was the site of numerous dogfights between UN fighter pilots and their opponents from North Korea ( including some unofficially crewed by Soviet airmen ) and the People 's Republic of China . Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 were the aircraft used during most of the conflict , and the area 's nickname was derived from them . It was the site of the first large-scale jet-vs-jet air battles , with the North American F-86 Sabre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e3f44636696916ece16c1dc070d89f5", "text": "Hwanggumpyong Island Hwanggumpyong Island is an island on the Yalu River , which forms a section of the land border between North Korea and China . It now belongs to North Korea , due to ethnic Koreans living on the island at the time of the 1962 border treaty . The island is an exclave on the otherwise Chinese side of the river . In June 2011 , an agreement with China was made to establish a joint free trade area on Hwanggumpyong and Wihwa Islands , and the China border area near Dandong . By 2013 the site had been prepared , and free trade area of over 300 acres may be ready for operation in about two years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe1760e53ee09e0e52e68c45f1dd569", "text": "Pyongnam Line The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp ' o and the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch ` on . The length of the line is 89.9 km . It also serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line . It also connects to the Ryonggang Line and the freight-only Taean Line . On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the Sŭngri ( `` Victory '' ) project to modernise the P'yŏngnam Line from Namp ' o to P'yŏngyang and the P'yŏngdŏk Line from P'yŏngyang to Chedong was held . The project , supported by Russia , is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the Russian Railways as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km of the North Korean rail network , and would include the construction of a north-south freight bypass around P'yŏngyang . The overall project cost is estimated to be around US $ 25 billion , and it is expected that exports of coal , rare earth and non-ferrous metals from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23b98423b55c0f6b6ed1c80aeb382f82", "text": "Suiyuan Suiyuan was a historical province of China . Suiyuan 's capital was Guisui ( now Hohhot ) . The abbreviation was 綏 ( pinyin : suí ) . The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot , Baotou , Wuhai , Ordos , Bayan Nur , and parts of Ulaan Chab , all today part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Suiyuan was named after a district in the capital established in the Qing Dynasty . In the early 1930s Suiyuan was occupied by the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan , who mined Suiyuan 's iron , reorganized the province 's finances , and brought over 4,000 acre of land under cultivation for the first time . Most of the work and settlement of Suiyuan at this time was done by Shanxi farmer-soldiers under the direction of retired officers from Yan 's army . Yan 's control of Suiyuan was sufficient to cause one visiting reporter to refer to Suiyuan as a `` colony '' of Shanxi . The Suiyuan Campaign took place in Suiyuan during the Second Sino Japanese War . It became a part of the puppet state of Mengjiang from 1937 to 1945 under Japanese rule . During the Chinese Civil War in 1935 , Communist leader Mao Zedong promised Mongol leaders a `` unified autonomous '' administration which would include all `` historic '' Mongol lands within China , in exchange for Mongol support against the Kuomintang . This promise included the declaration that `` Under no circumstances should other -LSB- non-Mongol ethnic groups -RSB- be allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation '' . But following the Communist victory in 1949 , the administrators of the soon-to-be `` Mongolian '' territories with Han Chinese majorities , the biggest of which was Suiyuan with a population of over 2 million , resisted annexation by the new Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . In 1954 , Mao reached a compromise with Suiyuan , which involved the Mongols ' taking over the administration of Suiyuan , but stipulated that the Han natives not be expelled from the territory . Uradyn Bulag thus notes that `` ironically '' , the Mongols ' territorial ambitions against Suiyuan resulted in their becoming a `` small minority within their own -LSB- enlarged -RSB- autonomous region '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cba1d9de88870e0ca0a34fea472fd4e", "text": "Three Confederate States of Gojoseon The three Gojoseon kingdoms are states noted in history texts such as Joseon Sangosa ( 1924 -- 25 ) , and have been researched by several historians , although not completely accepted by all scholars . In popular Korean history , drawing on the Korean founding myth , Gojoseon ( 고조선 , 2333 BCE -- 239 BCE ) was an early state of Korea that was established around Liaoning , southern Manchuria , and the northern Korean peninsula . It was anciently known simply as Joseon , but is now referred to as Gojoseon , i.e. `` Ancient Joseon '' to distinguish it from the much later ( 14th century ) Kingdom of Joseon . According to some sources , Gojoseon was a kingdom formed by the union of three confederacies , or Samhan : Majoseon , Jinjoseon and Beonjoseon . These three confederacies were also known as Mahan , Byeonhan , and Jinhan . In conventional Korean history , these three confederacies appeared following Gojoseon 's break-up , in the central and southern Korean Peninsula , until they were fully absorbed into the Three Kingdoms of Korea around the 4th century CE . Therefore , these later Samhan must be distinguished from the `` former Samhan '' , or Samjoseon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c02a4def8ea1103ad847a38f246f91dc", "text": "Amur Acquisition The Amur Annexation refers to the incorporation of the southeast corner of Siberia into Russia in 1858 -- 60 . The two areas involved are the Priamurye between the Amur River and the Stanovoy Range to the north and the Primorye which runs down the coast from the Amur mouth to the Korean border ; and does not include Sakhalin Island . The territory of Outer Manchuria was formerly under the control of the Qing dynasty . In the modern-day geography of Russia , Priamurye ( `` the Amur Lands '' ) roughly corresponds to the Amur Oblast and the southern half of the Khabarovsk Krai , while Primorye ( `` the Maritime Lands '' ) corresponds to the Primorsky Krai ( and , possibly , adjacent sections of Khabarovsk Krai ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa36a875c5605dde0a4d6cfadb1779e", "text": "Songun Songun is the `` military first '' policy of North Korea , prioritizing the Korean People 's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources . `` Military first '' as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea , with `` military-first politics '' dominating the political system ; `` a line of military-first economic construction '' acting as an economic system ; and `` military-first ideology '' serving as the guiding ideology . Songun elevates the Korean People 's Army within North Korea as an organization and as a state function , granting it the primary position in the North Korean government and society . It guides domestic policy and international interactions . It is the framework for the government , designating the military as the `` supreme repository of power '' . The North Korean government grants the Korean People 's Army the highest economic and resource-allocation priority and positions it as the model for society to emulate . Songun is also the ideological concept behind a shift in policies since 1994 which emphasize the people 's military over all other aspects of state and society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44a15b1c3b64c2da89f466d67824c5f", "text": "Pyeongtaek Pyeongtaek ( -LSB- pʰjʌŋ.tʰɛ̝k̚ -RSB- ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . Located in the southwestern part of the province , Pyeongtaek was founded as a union of two districts in 940 , during the Goryeo dynasty . It was elevated to city status in 1986 , and is home to a South Korean naval base and a large concentration of United States troops . The Korean government plans to transform Pyeongtaek city to an international economic hub to coincide with the move of the United States Forces Korea ( USFK ) to Pyeongtaek . During the Korean War it was the site of an early battle between US and North Korean forces , the Battle of Pyongtaek . It is the location of Pyeongtaek University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003dad6a3f114a0dab939422b0821436", "text": "Emblem of South Korea The National Emblem of the Republic of Korea ( Hangul : 대한민국의 국장 / Hanja : -LSB- -LSB- ) consists of the taeguk symbol present on the country 's national flag surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon bearing the inscription `` The Republic of Korea '' ( Daehan Minguk ) , the official name of the country , in Hangul characters . The Taegeuk represents peace and harmony . The five petals all have meaning and are related to Korea 's national flower , the Hibiscus syriacus , or Rose of Sharon ( mugunghwa . The emblem was adopted in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6864461c9e9ea0ea0ba9ae0a4ff9202", "text": "North Korea–Norway relations North Korea -- Norway relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Norway and the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly known as North Korea . Neither country maintains an embassy in the other , although North Korea formerly had an embassy in the Norwegian capital Oslo . The Norwegian ambassador in Seoul is also accredited to North Korea , as is the North Korean one in Stockholm to Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "938a53ae3ecb2a4ff2048cbfc12fee14", "text": "Yon Hyong-muk Yon Hyong-muk , also spelt as Yong Hyong-muk ( November 3 , 1931 -- October 23 , 2005 ) was a long-serving politician in North Korea and at the height of his career the most powerful person in that country outside the Kim family . He was Prime Minister of North Korea from 1988 to 1992 . He was born in Kyongwon County and had a strong revolutionary background in his family . He was educated locally and employed as a farm worker . Yon was educated in Czechoslovakia and by the 1950s , he was firmly established within the hierarchy of the Workers ' Party of Korea . In 1967 he was selected as a deputy to the Supreme People 's Assembly . During the 1970s , Yon further advanced in the Party and by the middle 1980s he was regarded as the fourth most powerful person in North Korea after Kim Il-sung , Kim Jong-il , and veteran marshal and defence minister O Chin-u . He was a candidate member of the Politburo from the early 1980s and became Prime Minister of North Korea in 1989 . During this era , Yon served as Minister of Heavy Industry and this consolidated his role in the North 's large armaments sector . In this period , as Kim Il-sung and O Chin-u were both already past eighty , Yon took an important role in relations between North and South Korea . He worked hard in this field as Prime Minister and was regarded as the chief negotiator behind the Agreement on Reconciliation , Non-aggression and Exchanges and Cooperation between the South and the North ( also known as the `` South-North Basic Agreement '' ) of 1991 . At the time he called it `` the most valuable achievement ever made between the South and North Korean authorities . '' For the rest of the 1990s , Yon was the chief figure behind efforts to reconcile the two Koreas . However , by the 2000s , Yon was declining in health and his role in North Korean politics had become largely ceremonial by the time he died - presumably of pancreatic cancer for which he had received treatment in Russia in 2004 at the well protected Central Clinical Hospital . He died in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed30a6f20cd19226ecee9f6bfe82c4c0", "text": "Terentii Shtykov Terentii Fomich Shtykov ( Russian : Терентий Штыков ; Korean : 테렌티 스티코프 ; -- 25 October 1964 ) was effectively the first supreme leader of North Korea , as the de facto head of its 1945-1951 military occupation and the first Soviet Ambassador to North Korea from 1948 until 1950 . Shtykov 's support for Kim Il-sung was crucial in Kim 's rise to power , and the two persuaded Stalin to allow the Korean War to begin in June 1950 . A protégé of the influential politician Andrei Zhdanov , General Shtykov served as a political commissar during World War II , ending up on the Military Council of the Primorskiy Military District . Through direct access to Joseph Stalin , Shtykov became the `` real supreme ruler of North Korea , the principal supervisor of both the Soviet military and the local authorities . '' Shtykov conceived of the Soviet Civil Administration , supported Kim 's appointment as head of the North Korean provisional government , and assisted Stalin with editing the first North Korean constitution . As the preeminent representative of the Soviet Union 's political authority over the nascent North Korea from October 1945 until December 1950 , Shtykov 's legacy was to aid the Kim family 's rise to power . The war they started freed Kim from Soviet domination ; China intervened following North Korea 's poor military performance in the early autumn . Shtykov was fired as ambassador in December and demoted to major general the following month . He later served as the Soviet ambassador to Hungary from 1959 to 1960 . Andrei Lankov asserts that Shtykov made more impact on Korean history than any foreigner other than Japanese colonial politicians , and that he was `` the actual architect of the North Korean state as it emerged in 1945-50 . '' Several of Shtykov 's policies , most notably North Korean land reform , are today credited to Kim Il-sung by official North Korean media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ccbe42c5afb30c6ff5b4ab7e352f95c", "text": "Gangnam District The Gangnam District is one of the 25 local government districts which make up the city of Seoul , South Korea . Gangnam -LSB- kaŋnam -RSB- literally means `` South of the ( Han ) River '' . As of the 2010 census , Gangnam District had a population of 527,641 , making it the 4th most populated district in Seoul . Gangnam District is the third largest district in Seoul , with an area of 39.5 km2 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0314ed79a13b000b4569ab961fea39c3", "text": "One by One (Foo Fighters album) One by One is the fourth studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on October 22 , 2002 by RCA . The album is the first to feature guitarist Chris Shiflett . Production on the album was troubled , with initial recording sessions considered unsatisfying and raising tensions between the band members . They eventually decided to redo the album from scratch during a two-week period at frontman Dave Grohl 's home studio in Alexandria , Virginia . The songs on the album , which include the successful singles `` All My Life '' and `` Times Like These '' , have been noted for their introspective lyrics and a heavier and more aggressive sound compared to the band 's earlier work , which Grohl said was intended to translate the energy of the Foo Fighters ' live performances into a recording . The album was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Ireland and the United Kingdom and sold over one million copies in the United States . One by One was positively received by critics , winning a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2004 -- the second Grammy Award for Best Rock Album won by the band -- and praised for its sound and production . However , some considered the work inferior to the band 's previous albums , and the musicians themselves eventually grew distasteful of the record as a whole .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a813da0ddda40251f99f790c0802f1c3", "text": "Exciter Tour Exciter Tour was a 2001 concert tour by the English electronic band Depeche Mode in support of the group 's tenth studio album , Exciter , which was released in May 2001 . The tour began with a North American leg ; the group performed one rehearsal show and two `` warm-up '' concerts before the official tour began in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in mid-June . The leg continued until mid-August , concluding with two shows in Anaheim , California . In late August 2001 , the group began a European leg , which started in Tallinn and culminated in early November in Mannheim , Germany . This was the final show of the tour ; a second European leg had been planned for the summer of 2002 but this never happened . In total , the band played 84 concerts , performing to over 1.5 million people in 24 countries . The concerts in Paris were filmed and issued in May 2002 on a DVD release entitled One Night in Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971e5f6797ce441932a881cbb185cf67", "text": "The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' . Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes . The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 . Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58d89c197fc81a0f2c175522e42eb447", "text": "Ultimate Collection (No Angels album) Ultimate Collection is a box set by the German pop group No Angels , released by Polydor Records on June 30 , 2003 ( see 2003 in music ) in German-speaking Europe . It comprises both Special Winter Edition reissues of their first two albums Elle ` ments ( 2001 ) and Now ... Us ! ( 2002 ) , as well as a DVD , containing their When the Angels Swing ( 2002 ) swing concert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1d71187cdfcf8d076e14b6560e088f9", "text": "The One (Backstreet Boys song) `` The One '' is a song by American boy band Backstreet Boys . It was released on May 16 , 2000 , as the fourth and final single from their third studio album Millennium ( 1999 ) . In a 2001 interview on The View , the group stated they never really intended `` The One '' as their fourth single . The group held a poll on TRL allowing fans to choose the next single from their album , and after Nick Carter himself called in and voted for `` The One '' , his large fan-base followed . The rest of the group had preferred the song `` Do n't Want You Back '' , which had been leading in votes up to that point . A sneak preview of this song was released on the Selections from A Night Out with the Backstreet Boys CD on November 17 , 1998 and had a slightly different sound to it ; another preview was shown at the end of Britney Spears ' album ... Baby One More Time ( under the title `` I 'll Be the One '' ) two months later . This song was also used as the opening song in the shōnen anime Hanada Shōnen-shi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af91b88ac2134d00e485e0f6ea57410", "text": "Twenty Five (album) Twenty Five is a greatest hits album by George Michael released on 2006 , celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career . It was released on 13 November 2006 by Sony BMG . It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number 23 on the Billboard 200 , and it reached the top 20 on most other album charts . After Michael 's death in December 2016 , the album re-entered the Billboard 200 at a new peak position of number 12 . The album mostly contains songs from Michael 's solo career , but also from his earlier days with Wham ! . The album is sold in two formats : a 2-CD set and a limited edition 3-CD set . The 2-CD set contains 26 tracks , including four recorded with Wham ! and three new songs : `` An Easier Affair '' , `` This Is Not Real Love '' ( a duet with the British singer Mutya Buena ) and a new version of `` Heal the Pain '' , recorded with Paul McCartney . The limited edition 3-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks , including one with Wham ! and another new song called `` Understand '' . The 2-CD version was released in the United States on 1 April 2008 , with two changes : `` Feeling Good '' replaced the Wham ! track `` Freedom '' , and `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' ( from Songs from the Last Century ) replaced `` Round Here '' , a track from Patience that was not released as a single in the US . A 3-CD limited deluxe version was released in the United States exclusively by Best Buy . The track listing for the third CD is the same as the international version , but unlike the 2-CD US version , it includes `` Freedom '' instead of `` Feeling Good '' . The 3-CD version is packaged in a digipak . It includes a 36-page colour booklet with lyrics for every track , along with screen shots from the videos for most of the tracks on the first two CDs . A Twenty Five DVD was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "212a71dad5783005650f1da6edb53be0", "text": "The One (Gary Allan song) `` The One '' is a song written by Karen Manno and Billy Lee , and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan . The song reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart , and was released in January 2002 as the second single from his album Alright Guy . This song also entered the Top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , marking Allan 's first Top 40 entry on that chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c55be52a697b56b5d3455e41df5922b1", "text": "21st Century Boogie 21st Century Boogie is the debut album by Paddy Milner , released on June 24 , 2002 . Paddy Milner 's music shows many influences ranging from pop-rock through to jazz , classical and British folk . 21st Century Boogie shows his attention to blues and boogie-woogie . It was released to a flood of outstanding reviews , solidly sealing his reputation as one of the most original musicians . During the year of release on Paul Jones 's Radio 2 show , the album was placed in the year 's top ten records , whilst Milner himself was shortlisted for the British Blues Keyboard Player of 2002 . Jools Holland has become an ardent fan , telling Milner `` You make the piano sing '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30b987ae9546528bbf0aa1b186ffc66", "text": "Orange County: The Soundtrack Orange County The Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2002 film of the same name starring Jack Black and Colin Hanks . The album features new releases by Foo Fighters ( `` The One '' ) and The Offspring ( `` Defy You '' ) along with songs by Crazy Town and Brian Wilson , among others . The first pressings had an extra album with four songs by up-and-coming artists . The album peaked at number 62 on the Billboard 200 , and at number 6 on the Top Soundtracks chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ae464d393de6b20be92ed5cd2fdf56", "text": "Army of One (album) Army of One is the thirteenth studio album by the American heavy metal band Riot . It was released on July 12 , 2006 . According to the official website , the album was recorded in 2003 and Mike DiMeo was effectively out of the band by the time it was released . This would be his last studio album with the band . It is the last Riot album to feature long time bassist Pete Perez and the first to feature drummer Frank Gilchriest , primarily known for his work with the band Virgin Steele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f021d205c9e142314488fc19bc894c83", "text": "Under the Influence – 21 Years of Flying Nun Records Under the Influence -- 21 Years of Flying Nun Records is a double album that includes tracks by various bands signed or related to the Flying Nun Records label . The album was planned as a celebration of the 21st anniversary of Flying Nun Records . Bands invited to be part of the album were asked to record one or two songs . If two songs then one should be a cover of a Flying Nun song that influenced or inspired them and the other song should be a new and unreleased song of their own . These were all to be recorded on a single day at York Street Studio on 22 March 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41755e9268085c4be013c5ddedc763c1", "text": "The Very Best of Toto The Very Best of Toto is a greatest-hits compilation album of the American band Toto , released on October 14 , 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049d371b0d8b170256be641bc84788d2", "text": "One Wrench One Wrench is Avail 's fifth studio album , and their first full-length album released on Fat Wreck Chords , from 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff44ca6a4a89a11e77d02c978f43fd36", "text": "To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69fa27122ad5e2722691c560d991eac", "text": "2002 in UFC The year 2002 is the 10th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2002 the UFC held 7 events beginning with , UFC 35 : Throwdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e229ace03574123e063610fc83a8140c", "text": "Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8049dd6b56b64cc0a89b80699f32f2da", "text": "2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 . The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e21cc6e4ea605332ea7ee612264ae76", "text": "One Live Night One Live Night is a 1995 semi-acoustic live album by heavy metal band Dokken . The reunited Dokken recorded the album during their 1995 tour . The album went virtually unheard at the time of its release . Released at the time when grunge and alternative rock were dominating mainstream rock music , MTV had no interest in featuring glam metal acts ; so Dokken decided to do their own `` unplugged '' album . This intimate performance included versions of `` Tooth and Nail '' , `` Into the Fire '' and `` Alone Again '' , as well as covers of the Beatles ' `` Nowhere Man '' and Emerson , Lake & Palmer 's `` From the Beginning '' . One Live Night was also released on VHS and later DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bfa8e3def19b39a48733449dc650fc4", "text": "Big Ones Big Ones is one of the many compilation albums by the American rock band Aerosmith , released on November 1 , 1994 by Geffen Records ( see 1994 in music ) . Big Ones featured twelve hits from the band 's three consecutive multi-platinum albums , Permanent Vacation ( 1987 ) , Pump ( 1989 ) , and Get a Grip ( 1993 ) , as well as the hit `` Deuces are Wild '' from The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience ( 1993 ) , and two new songs , `` Blind Man '' and `` Walk on Water '' , which were recorded during a break in the band 's Get a Grip Tour . These songs were also included on the band 's 2001 compilation album Young Lust : The Aerosmith Anthology . Big Ones is the band 's second bestselling compilation album , reaching # 6 on the Billboard charts , and selling four million copies in the United States alone . The album quickly became a worldwide hit reaching the Top 10 in nine countries before the end of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240404f7bb74f50e1a2f93745a7c3392", "text": "Swing, Swing `` Swing , Swing '' is a song by American rock band The All-American Rejects , released as their debut single from their self-titled debut studio album on December 2 , 2002 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c551f57403080c4200c07a09da25278b", "text": "Bad and Boujee `` Bad and Boujee '' is a song by American hip hop group Migos . It was released on October 28 , 2016 as the lead single from their second studio album Culture . It was released by Quality Control Entertainment , 300 Entertainment , and Atlantic Records . The song features vocals from American rapper Lil Uzi Vert , and was produced by Metro Boomin , with co-production by G Koop . In late December 2016 , `` Bad and Boujee '' became an Internet phenomenon , spawning a large number of memes with the lyrics `` rain drop , drop top '' . This viral trend would help its commercial performance and cause the song to spike into the top ten and later peak at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the week of January 21 , 2017 , making it the first number one single for both Migos and Lil Uzi Vert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a3d145e6f48110d5738dbc738998d9", "text": "Culture (Migos album) Culture ( stylized as C U L T U R E ) is the second studio album by American hip hop group Migos . It was released on January 27 , 2017 , by Quality Control Music , 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records . The album features guest appearances from DJ Khaled , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Travis Scott and Lil Uzi Vert , while the production was handled by Metro Boomin and Murda Beatz , among others . The album was supported by three singles : `` Bad and Boujee '' featuring Lil Uzi Vert , `` T-Shirt '' and `` Slippery '' featuring Gucci Mane . Culture received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 . It also topped the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , becoming Migos ' first number one album on both charts . It also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c3176cf44d3c89776c4cff323133893b", "text": "Mafia (B.U.G. Mafia album) Mafia is the debut studio album by Romanian hip hop group B.U.G. Mafia , released September 20 , 1995 on local Bucharest-based label Amma Sound . Production for the album was handled by group member and founder Tataee , with various composers and keyboardists giving co-production . Heavily influenced by N.W.A. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , the album has been viewed as the pioneering record of gangsta rap in Romania . With its ever-present profanity and violent lyrics , it helped to give birth to this then-new genre of music in Romania . As hip hop music was quite new in Romania at the time , the album attracted many rock fans , who appreciated the group 's aggressive approach towards music . In spite of poor sound quality and practically no professional promotion , Mafia achieved moderate success and quite favorable reviews . The album is still known for being the third hip hop album to be released in Romania by a record label . It had 15 tracks and featured guest performances from M&G , Marijuana , Coco , Vlad `` Ben '' Blându and actress Rona Hartner . Tataee has stated that he considers the album the group 's worst release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de", "text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e8ba33ecfe077d526f4b1adc6b30979", "text": "Lil Durk discography The discography of Lil Durk , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of two studio albums , six mixtapes and six singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87911452950363e4de5d8ab944bad686", "text": "Bitch Bad `` Bitch Bad '' is a song performed by rapper Lupe Fiasco . It is the second single off his album Food & Liquor II : The Great American Rap Album Pt . 1 . It was released on June 25 , 2012 . `` Bitch Bad '' tackles misogyny in hip hop culture and the use of the word `` bitch '' in rap music , the effects of these things on society and children , and the psychological concept of the Madonna-whore complex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca1fbe4e2a64b979220e20410d3f92e", "text": "Looks Like a Job For... Looks Like a Job For ... is the fifth album by emcee Big Daddy Kane , released in 1993 on Cold Chillin ' Records . After the commercial failure of his 1991 album Prince of Darkness , Kane was able to regain his past acclaim , with an album that was considered as a return to his past greatness . Unlike his past albums , Kane involved a large number of outside producers for the project , including future production stars the Trackmasters , Easy Mo Bee , and Large Professor . Looks Like a Job For ... featured Kane 's first Top 40 Billboard Hot 100 hit , `` Very Special , '' as well as the underground hip-hop hit `` How U Get a Record Deal ? '' and a remix of the track '' 'N uff Respect , '' which was originally from the soundtrack of the film Juice . Album guests include Kane 's brother Little Daddy Shane , Kane 's backup dancers Scoob & Scrap Lover , and Spinderella of Salt-N-Pepa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c60907d85d35cbc9ca48d6b463ba4ee", "text": "Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 . As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks . Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d31eb5e687382f726f42ef33d831de7e", "text": "Ugly (Bubba Sparxxx song) `` Ugly '' was the lead single from American hip hop music artist Bubba Sparxxx 's debut album , Dark Days , Bright Nights . The song was produced and featured guest vocals from famed producer Timbaland . The song features a sample of Missy Elliott 's `` Get Ur Freak On '' and uncredited backing vocals by Elliott 's former protégée Tweet . The single was a success for Bubba , peaking at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaking at number six on both the Billboard Hot Rap Singles and Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . To date , `` Ugly '' is Bubba 's second biggest hit , his 2005 single `` Ms. New Booty '' being his most successful . Outside the United States , the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom and the top twenty of the charts in the Netherlands and Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "093c8720c63138edc8d558d4f04fedb9", "text": "Dumb Shit `` Dumb Shit '' ( also known by the censored version title `` Dumb S ** t '' ) , is a song by American singer Tyrese . It features vocals from American rapper Snoop Dogg . It was released on March 10 , 2015 as the first single off his sixth studio album Black Rose , on the record label Voltron Recordz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c963516cc3d91425bfa181ef0f1a547", "text": "Young Jeezy discography The discography of Young Jeezy , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of seven studio albums , two independent albums , fifteen mixtapes , thirty-seven singles ( including nineteen as a featured artist ) and forty music videos . He has also released an album as a member of Boyz N Da Hood , as well with USDA , who are artists on his label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84d3ac46118ae53508df648fd347a51d", "text": "The Big Zane Theory The Big Zane Theory is the second album by rapper , Zane ( Formerly Lil ' Zane ) . It was released on August 19 , 2003 through Priority Records . The album failed to match the success of Zane 's previous album , as it charted at # 191 on the Billboard 200s chart with 7,000 copies the first week . The album also charted at # 39 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums.The only single that was released on the album was `` Tonite , I 'm Yours '' which peaked at # 87 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs.To date the album sold close to 40,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a5b8dba9286693dad2b0d51d513207e", "text": "The Good, the Bad, the Sexy The Good , The Bad , The Sexy is the ninth studio album by American recording artist Joe . The album was released on October 18 , 2011 . `` Gone Away '' , which leaked onto the internet in late July , was thought to be a track on the album , but according to Joe 's Twitter on August 1 , 2011 it is not . Joe said , `` The Neptunes song that hit the net today IS me , but we recorded that a loooong time ago . Years ago . It will not be on the new album '' The album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 and number two on the Hot R&B / Hip Hop albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b36a35d4c61914e9c86ef2540d9a1e38", "text": "Hood Go Crazy `` Hood Go Crazy '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Tech N9ne , taken from his fifteenth studio album Special Effects ( 2015 ) . The song was released on February 26 , 2015 as the album 's lead single . It was produced by N4 . The song 's chorus is rapped by B.o.B and features a guest verse from fellow American rapper 2 Chainz . The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) April 28 , 2016 , for selling over 500,000 digital copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee0d6c082d3cfb5e5503eed39f02847d", "text": "Lil Uzi Vert discography The discography of American recording artist Lil Uzi Vert consists of three extended plays ( EPs ) , five mixtapes and 14 singles ( including seven singles as a featured artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a63d26164801c2803214413a0c0e2cd", "text": "I'm Bad `` I 'm Bad '' ( sometimes spelled I 'm BAD ) is the first single from LL Cool J 's second album , Bigger and Deffer . It was released in 1987 for Def Jam Recordings and was produced by the production group , The L.A. Posse and LL Cool J himself , with Russell Simmons executive producing the single . I 'm Bad made it onto several Billboard charts . It was L L 's Hot 100 debut , reaching # 84 . It also hit # 4 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , # 2 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales , # 34 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play and # 8 on the UK Singles Chart . This single was followed by `` I Need Love '' and `` Go Cut Creator Go '' . The song samples the `` Theme from S.W.A.T. '' by Rhythm Heritage , LL Cool J 's `` Rock the Bells '' , Federal Signal Corporation 's famous Q2B siren , and an interpolation of the theme song from the 1960s syndicated animated series Courageous Cat and Minute Mouse . Diss track `` The Syndicate '' by Ice-T , mimmicks the song 's hook . The song would be sampled in return in Deejay Punk-Roc 's My Beatbox which appeared in Thrasher : Skate & Destroy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cbd7b761302d2ec8f068ee9a534d6bf", "text": "Uncut Dope: Geto Boys' Best Uncut Dope : Geto Boys ' Best is the first compilation album by the Geto Boys , released on November 17 , 1992 , on Rap-a-Lot and Priority Records . The album peaked at # 147 on the Billboard 200 . The compilation contained tracks from their first four albums : Grip It ! On That Other Level ( 1989 ) , The Geto Boys ( 1990 ) and We Ca n't Be Stopped ( 1991 ) , although their first album , Making Trouble ( 1988 ) , is only represented by the DJ recording , `` Balls and My Word '' ( renamed to `` And My Word '' in the album 's liner notes ) . Uncut Dope also contained two previously unreleased songs : `` The Unseen '' ( which is the first Geto Boys song with Big Mike ) and `` Damn It Feels Good to Be a Gangsta . '' The latter had a prominent appearance in the movie Office Space .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f7c7cf88ef01730456bf1861c60e07b3", "text": "Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun , orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days . It has the longest rotation period ( 243 days ) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets . It has no natural satellites . It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty . It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon , reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 , bright enough to cast shadows at night and , though rare , occasionally be visible in broad daylight . Because Venus orbits within Earth 's orbit it is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun ; its maximum angular distance from the Sun ( elongation ) is 47.8 ° . Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth 's `` sister planet '' because of their similar size , mass , proximity to the Sun , and bulk composition . It is radically different from Earth in other respects . It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets , consisting of more than 96 % carbon dioxide . The atmospheric pressure at the planet 's surface is 92 times that of Earth , or roughly the pressure found 900 m underwater on Earth . Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System , with a mean surface temperature of 735 K , even though Mercury is closer to the Sun . Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid , preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light . It may have had water oceans in the past , but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect . The water has probably photodissociated , and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field . Venus 's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism . As one of the brightest objects in the sky , Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed . It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures , and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the `` morning star '' and `` evening star '' . Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky , as early as the second millennium BC . As the closest planet to Earth , Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration . It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft ( Mariner 2 in 1962 ) , and the first to be successfully landed on ( by Venera 7 in 1970 ) . Venus 's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light , and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991 . Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions , but they are hindered by Venus 's hostile surface conditions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e70b74f20990e91ea2053889a20c05d3", "text": "Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia is an astronomy website , founded in Paris , France at the Meudon Observatory by Jean Schneider in February 1995 , which maintains a database of all the currently known and candidate extrasolar planets , with individual `` note '' pages for each planet and a full list interactive catalog spreadsheet . The main catalogue comprises databases of all of the currently confirmed extrasolar planets as well as a database of unconfirmed planet detections . The databases are frequently updated with new data from peer-reviewed publications and conferences . In their respective pages , the Planets are listed along with their basic properties such as the year of planet 's discovery , mass , radius , orbital period , semi-major axis , eccentricity , inclination , longitude of periastron , time of periastron , maximum time variation , and time of transit , including all error range values . The individual planet data pages also contain the data on the parent star such as Name , Distance ( pc ) , Spectral Type , Effective Temperature , Apparent Magnitude V , Mass , Radius , Age , Right Asc . Coord. , Decl . Coord . Even when they are known , not all of these figures are listed in the interactive spreadsheet catalog . And many missing planet figures that would simply require the application of Kepler 's third law of motion are left blank . Most notably absent on all pages is the star 's luminosity . As of June 2011 , the catalog aims to include objects up to 25 Jupiter masses , an increase on the previous inclusion criteria of 20 Jupiter masses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b92296aee714f2041cf85157e0372ee", "text": "23 Librae b 23 Librae b ( 23 Lib b ) is an extrasolar Jovian planet discovered in 1999 orbiting the star 23 Librae . It orbits in its star 's habitable zone . As of 1999 , the planet was known to have at least 1.5 times Jupiter 's mass . The planet orbits 23 Librae at an average distance of 0.82 AUs , which is between that of Venus and the Earth in the Solar System .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f612266ce82bfd2093cb1a64ca660f4", "text": "Celestial globe Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky . They omit the Sun , Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars , but the ecliptic , along which the Sun moves , is indicated . There is an issue regarding the `` handedness '' of celestial globes . If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere , then the star field will appear back-to-front on the surface of the globe ( all the constellations will appear as their mirror images ) . This is because the view from Earth , positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere , is of the inside of the celestial sphere , whereas the celestial globe is viewed from the outside . For this reason , celestial globes are often produced in mirror image , so that at least the constellations appear the `` right way round '' . Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent . The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe , so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere . However , the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre , but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it , far from its centre . Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside , through its transparent surface , produces serious distortions . Opaque celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed , so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe , are often viewed in a mirror , so the constellations have their familiar appearances . Written material on the globe , names of constellations etc. , is printed in reverse , so it can easily be read in the mirror . Category : Navigational equipment Category : Globes Category : Spheres", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12baab3eb0b8f1ebae087da4cc380045", "text": "Distant minor planet The term distant minor planet is used by the International Astronomical Union 's Minor Planet Center to refer collectively to those minor planets found in the outer Solar System that are not commonly thought of as `` asteroids '' . Included are the populations centaurs , Neptune trojans , and trans-Neptunian objects . All distant objects have a semi-major axis ( average distance from the Sun ) greater than 6 AU , which is just beyond the planet Jupiter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2119531976dbcbff408a558a4a7a18e", "text": "Jupiter trojan The Jupiter trojans , commonly called Trojan asteroids or just Trojans , are a large group of asteroids that share the orbit of the planet Jupiter around the Sun . Relative to Jupiter , each Trojan librates around one of Jupiter 's two stable Lagrangian points , , lying 60 ° ahead of the planet in its orbit , and , 60 ° behind . Jupiter trojans are distributed in two elongated , curved regions around these Lagrangian points with an average semi-major axis of about 5.2 AU . The first Jupiter trojan discovered , 588 Achilles , was spotted in 1906 by German astronomer Max Wolf . A total of 6,178 Jupiter trojans have been found . By convention they are each named after a mythological figure from the Trojan War , hence the name `` Trojan '' . The total number of Jupiter trojans larger than 1 km in diameter is believed to be about , approximately equal to the number of asteroids larger than 1 km in the asteroid belt . Like main-belt asteroids , Jupiter trojans form families . Jupiter trojans are dark bodies with reddish , featureless spectra . No firm evidence of the presence of water , or any other specific compound on their surface has been obtained , but it is thought that they are coated in tholins , organic polymers formed by the Sun 's radiation . The Jupiter trojans ' densities ( as measured by studying binaries or rotational lightcurves ) vary from 0.8 to 2.5 g · cm − 3 . Jupiter trojans are thought to have been captured into their orbits during the early stages of the Solar System 's formation or slightly later , during the migration of giant planets . The term `` trojan '' has come to be used more generally to refer to other small Solar System bodies with similar relationships to larger bodies : for example , there are both Mars trojans and Neptune trojans , and Saturn has trojan moons . NASA has announced the discovery of an Earth trojan . The term `` Trojan asteroid '' is normally understood to specifically mean the Jupiter trojans because the first Trojans were discovered near Jupiter 's orbit and Jupiter currently has by far the most known Trojans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2d308273827653f0f850534fa196261", "text": "Venus snow Venus snow is a brightening of the radar reflection from the surface of Venus at high elevations . The `` snow '' appears to be a mineral condensate of lead sulfide and bismuth sulfide precipitated from the atmosphere at altitudes above 2600 metres . The nature of the `` snow '' was initially unknown . In radar images , smooth surfaces such as lava plains generally appear dark , while rough surfaces such as impact debris appear bright . The composition of the rock also alters the radar return : conductive material , or material with a high dielectric constant , appears brighter . It was therefore initially difficult to determine whether the high-altitude areas of Venus were different from the lowlands in chemical composition or in texture . Possible explanations included loose soil , different rates of weathering at high and low elevations , and chemical deposition at high elevation . It could not be water ice , which can not exist in the extremely hot , dry conditions of the Venusian surface . Data from the radar mapper on the Pioneer Venus orbiter suggested an explanation in terms of chemical composition . It was hypothesized that the underlying rock contained iron pyrite or other metallic inclusions that would be very reflective . At the high temperatures found on the surface of Venus , these minerals would gradually evaporate . Faster weathering at high elevation might continually expose new material , causing the highlands to appear brighter than lowlands . High-resolution radar observations by the Magellan probe by 1995 began to favor the hypothesis that metallic compounds sublimate in lower , warmer altitudes and deposit in higher , cooler areas . Candidates included tellurium , pyrite , and other metal sulfides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8acb079bfbc9e61a1d0915bc41c5f7", "text": "Kepler-10c Kepler-10c is an exoplanet orbiting the G-type star Kepler-10 , located around 568 light-years away in Draco . Its discovery was announced by Kepler in May 2011 , although it had been seen as a planetary candidate since January 2011 , when Kepler-10b was discovered . The team confirmed the observation using data from NASA 's Spitzer Space Telescope and a technique called Blender that ruled out most false positives . Kepler-10c was the third transiting planet to be confirmed statistically ( based on probability rather than actual observation ) , after Kepler-9d and Kepler-11g . The Kepler team considers the statistical method that led to the discovery of Kepler-10c as what will be necessary to confirm many planets in Kepler 's field of view . Kepler-10c orbits its host star every forty-five days at a quarter of the average distance between the Sun and Earth . It has a radius more than double that of Earth , but a higher density , suggesting a mainly rocky composition with around 5 -- 20 % ices by mass . For comparison , the Earth 's oceans represent only 0.02 % of our planet 's mass , with an additional amount potentially a few times this stored in the mantle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f47860c6e04cdb7565ac2c699c8a2f4", "text": "Planet (disambiguation) A planet , in astronomy , is one of a class of celestial bodies that orbit stars . ( A dwarf planet is a similar , but officially mutually exclusive , class of body . ) For articles on specific types of planet , see List of planets Planet or Planets may also refer to : Planets in astrology , another concept referring to celestial bodies but as used in prophecy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92259f16ddcbb3cdd5b7a36f1dcbe04", "text": "Phoebe Regio Phoebe Regio is a regio on the planet Venus . It lies to the southeast of Asteria Regio . It is 2852 km in diameter and is the principal feature of the V41 quadrangle , to which it gave its name . The Venera 13 and Venera 14 landers landed near there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a6ad7cb89ce1b64cb85e4c8339b2e80", "text": "Crust (geology) In geology , the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite , which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle . The crusts of Earth , the Moon , Mercury , Venus , Mars , Io , and other planetary bodies have been generated largely by igneous processes , and these crusts are richer in incompatible elements than their respective mantles . The Earth 's crust is composed of distinctly different continental crust and oceanic crust , which have different chemical compositions and physical properties , and which were formed by different geological processes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b09accab910265a136d84f3e59683792", "text": "Nine Views Nine Views ( Devet pogleda ) is an ambiental installation in Zagreb , Croatia which , together with the sculpture Prizemljeno Sunce ( The Grounded Sun ) , makes up a consistent model of the Solar System . Prizemljeno Sunce by Ivan Kožarić was first displayed in 1971 by the building of the Croatian National Theatre , and since then changed location a few times . Since 1994 it has been situated in the Bogovićeva Street . It is simply a bronze sphere around 2 metres in diameter . In 2004 , artist Davor Preis had a two-week exhibition in the Josip Račić Exhibition Hall in Margaretska Street in Zagreb , and afterwards he placed 9 models of the planets of the Solar System around Zagreb , to complete a model of the entire solar system . The models ' sizes as well as their distances from the Prizemljeno Sunce are all in the same scale as the Prizemljeno Sunce itself . Preis did this installation with very little or no publicity , so his installation is n't well known among citizens of Zagreb . On a few occasions individuals or small groups of people , particularly physics students , `` discovered '' that there was a model of the solar system in Zagreb . One of the earliest efforts to find all of the planets was started in November 2004 on the web forum of the student section of Croatian Physics Society . The locations of the planets are as follows : Mercury - 3 Margaretska Street Venus - 3 Ban Josip Jelačić Square Earth - 9 Varšavska Street Mars - 21 Tkalčićeva Street Jupiter - 71 Voćarska Street Saturn - 1 Račićeva Street Uranus - 9 Siget ( not at the residential building but at the garage across the street ) Neptune - Kozari Way 48 Pluto - Bologna Alley ( underpass ) - included in the installation before being demoted to dwarf planet The system is at scale 1:680 000 000 . Earth 's model is about 1.9 cm in size and at 225 m distance from the sun 's model , while Pluto 's model is 7.7 km away from it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69bc3a61ebb4bbb1ab76be1543a36674", "text": "Venera The Venera ( , -LSB- vʲɪˈnʲɛrə -RSB- ) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus , Venera being the Russian name for Venus . As with some of the Soviet Union 's other planetary probes , the later versions were launched in pairs with a second vehicle being launched soon after the first of the pair . Ten probes from the Venera series successfully landed on Venus and transmitted data from the surface of Venus , including the two Vega program and Venera-Halley probes . In addition , thirteen Venera probes successfully transmitted data from the atmosphere of Venus . Among the other results , probes of the series became the first human-made devices to enter the atmosphere of another planet ( Venera 4 on October 18 , 1967 ) , to make a soft landing on another planet ( Venera 7 on December 15 , 1970 ) , to return images from the planetary surface ( Venera 9 on June 8 , 1975 ) , and to perform high-resolution radar mapping studies of Venus ( Venera 15 on June 2 , 1983 ) . The later probes in the Venera series successfully carried out their mission , providing the first direct observations of the surface of Venus . Since the surface conditions on Venus are extreme , the probes only survived on the surface for durations varying between 23 minutes ( initial probes ) up to about two hours ( final probes ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec84e2c83ee0cc1deb1551714908e11", "text": "Sister ship A sister ship is a ship of the same class as or of virtually identical design to another ship . Such vessels share a nearly identical hull and superstructure layout , similar displacement , and roughly comparable features and equipment . Often , sisters become more differentiated during their service as their equipment ( in the case of military ships , their armament ) are separately altered . For instance , the U.S. warships , , , and are all sister ships , each being an . The most famous sister ships were the White Star Line 's , and . As with some other liners , the sisters worked as running mates . Other sister ships include the Royal Caribbean International 's and . Half-sister refers to a ship of the same class but with some significant differences . One example of half-sisters are the First World War-era British s where the first two ships had four 15 in guns , but the last ship , , had two 18 in guns instead . Another example is the American s of the Second World War that came in `` long-hull '' and `` short-hull '' versions . The generally accepted commercial distinctions of a sister ship are the following : Type : Identical main type ( bullk , tank , RoRo , etc. . ) DWT : ± 10 % on the DWT ( If the ship is 100,000 DWT , 90,000 to 110,000 DWT ) Built : ± 5 years ( if the ship is built in 2000 , built 1995 to 2005 ) Builder : Identical shipbuilding company name ( not the ship yard location or the country of build ) The critical overriding criteria are the same hull design . For example , the popular TESS-57 standard design built by Tsunishi Shipbuilding are built in Japan , China , and the Philippines . All the ships of this design are classed as sister ships . The International Maritime Organization defined sister ship in IMO resolution MSC/Circ .1158 in 2006 . Criteria included these : A sister ship is a ship built by the same yard from the same plans . The acceptable deviation of lightship displacement should be between 1 and 2 % of the lightship displacement of the lead ship , depending on the length of the ship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa1f7b55f46d5a449f2e5c4626ba9da", "text": "Kepler (spacecraft) Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars . Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler , the spacecraft was launched on March 7 , 2009 , into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit . Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets , Kepler sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view . These data are transmitted to Earth , then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that cross in front of their host star . Kepler is part of NASA 's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost , focused primary science missions . The telescope 's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system . The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development , mission operations since December 2009 , and scientific data analysis . The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years , but greater-than-expected noise in the data , from both the stars and the spacecraft , meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals . Initially , in 2012 , the mission was expected to be extended until 2016 , but on July 14 , 2012 , one of the spacecraft 's four reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning , and completing the mission would only be possible if all other reaction wheels remained reliable . Then , on May 11 , 2013 , a second reaction wheel failed , disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission . On August 15 , 2013 , NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels . This meant the current mission needed to be modified , but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting . NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans `` potentially including an exoplanet search , using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters '' . On November 18 , 2013 , the K2 `` Second Light '' proposal was reported . This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller , dimmer red dwarfs . On May 16 , 2014 , NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension . , Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems , along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates . Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler K2 mission . In November 2013 , astronomers estimated , based on Kepler space mission data , that there could be as many as 40 billion rocky , Earth-size exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way . It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars . The nearest such planet may be 12 ly away , according to the scientists . On January 6 , 2015 , NASA announced the 1,000 th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope . Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars : three of the four , Kepler-438b , Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b , are almost Earth-size and likely rocky ; the fourth , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth . On May 10 , 2016 , NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler , the single largest finding of planets to date . Since 1988 , over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed by all detection methods , including the Kepler mission ( specifically , planets in planetary systems , including multiple planetary systems , have been confirmed , as of ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28fcf756eb852e3df99510059a11d67d", "text": "Phoebe (moon) Phoebe ( -LSB- ˈfiːbi -RSB- ; Greek : Φοίβη Phoíbē ) is an irregular satellite of Saturn with a mean diameter of 213 km . It was discovered by William Henry Pickering on 17 March 1899 from photographic plates that had been taken starting on 16 August 1898 at the Boyden Observatory near Arequipa , Peru , by DeLisle Stewart . It was the first satellite to be discovered photographically . Phoebe was the first target encountered upon the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft in the Saturn system in 2004 , and is thus unusually well-studied for an irregular satellite of its size . Cassini '' 's trajectory to Saturn and time of arrival were specifically chosen to permit this flyby . After the encounter and its insertion into orbit , Cassini '' did not go much beyond the orbit of Iapetus . Phoebe is roughly spherical and has a differentiated interior . It was spherical and hot early in its history and was battered out of roundness by repeated impacts . It is believed to be a captured centaur that originated in the Kuiper belt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7faa3660429b834a15392a432f7e948", "text": "Terra Nostra Terra Nostra is Latin for `` Our earth '' . It may also refer to : Terra Nostra ( novel ) , a 1975 novel by Carlos Fuentes Terra Nostra ( telenovela ) , a Brazilian telenovela", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da3513538bd3fe59d197d6cf45111335", "text": "Pioneer Venus project The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft , the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe , launched to Venus in 1978 . The program was managed by NASA 's Ames Research Center . The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4 , 1978 , and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus . It continued to transmit data until October 1992 . The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe deployed four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere on December 9 , 1978 . All four probes transmitted data throughout their descent to the surface . One probe survived landing and transmitted data from the surface for over an hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4d1d5e9570d3fd66d4c04e7abdec6a", "text": "Geodetic astronomy Geodetic astronomy or astro-geodesy is the application of astronomical methods into networks and technical projects of geodesy . The most important topics are : Establishment of geodetic datum systems ( e.g. ED50 ) or at expeditions apparent places of stars , and their proper motions precise astronomical navigation astro-geodetic geoid determination modelling the rock densities of the topography and of geological layers in the subsurface Satellite geodesy using the background of stars Monitoring of the Earth rotation and polar wandering Contribution to the time system of physics and geosciences Important measuring techniques are : Latitude and longitude determination by theodolites , tacheometers , astrolabes or zenith cameras time and star positions by observation of star transits , e.g. by meridian circles ( visual , photographic or CCD ) Azimuth measurements for the exact orientation of geodetic networks for mutual transformations between terrestrial and space methods for improved accuracy by means of `` Laplace points '' at special fixed points Vertical deflection measurements and their use in geoid determination in mathematical reduction of very precise networks for geophysical and geological purposes ( see above ) Modern spatial methods VLBI with radio sources ( quasars ) Astrometry of stars by scanning satellites like Hipparcos or the future Gaia . The accuracy of these methods depends on the instrument and its spectral wavelength , the measuring or scanning method , the time amount ( versus economy ) , the atmospheric situation , the stability of the surface resp . the satellite , on mechanical and temperature effects to the instrument , on the experience and skill of the observer , and on the accuracy of the physical-mathematical models . Therefore the accuracy reaches from 60 '' ( navigation , ~ 1 mile ) to 0,001 '' and better ( a few cm ; satellites , VLBI ) , e.g. : angles ( vertical deflections and azimuths ) ± 1 '' up to 0,1 '' geoid determination & height systems ca. 5 cm up to 0,2 cm astronomical lat/long and star positions ± 1 '' up to 0,01 '' HIPPARCOS star positions ± 0,001 '' VLBI quasar positions and Earth 's rotation poles 0,001 to 0,0001 '' ( cm ... mm )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc6b44e625eb505fce99e0a5b9e1f7d", "text": "Venera 4V-2 Venera 4V-2 ( Венера 4В-2 ) was a series of two identical spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union , consisting of Venera 15 and Venera 16 . Both unmanned orbiters were to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems . The spacecraft were identical and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27e0a6184f20e893c8ca85504d560eb9", "text": "In the Garden of Venus In the Garden of Venus is the sixth studio album by Modern Talking , released on 30 November 1987 in Germany and in other territories . The album 's success , due to the lack of promotion , was rather moderate in comparison with the success that all the previous five albums experienced . In the Garden of Venus is also the last album before the first official separation of the German act in 1987 ; the duo however , reunited in 1998 and restarted things off with their comeback album Back for Good . The album In the Garden of Venus contains the single `` In 100 Years '' which charted at No. 30 in Germany . The album In the Garden of Venus the lyrics and the music of which were produced by Dieter Bohlen was released through Hansa label and distributed by Ariola , BMG .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45", "text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f0d7e9fa022abff58ae6db95de49e87", "text": "We Have Never Been Modern We Have Never Been Modern is a 1991 book by Bruno Latour , originally published in French as Nous n'avons jamais été modernes : Essai d'anthropologie symétrique ( English translation : 1993 ) . The book is an `` anthropology of science '' that explores the dualistic distinction modernity makes between nature and society . Pre-modern peoples , argues Latour , made no such division . Contemporary matters of public concern such as global warming , the HIV/AIDS pandemic and emerging biotechnologies mix politics , science , popular and specialist discourse to such a degree that a tidy nature/culture dualism is no longer possible . This inconsistency has given rise to post-modern and anti-modern movements . Latour attempts to reconnect the social and natural worlds by arguing that the modernist distinction between nature and culture never existed . He claims we must rework our thinking to conceive of a `` Parliament of Things '' wherein natural phenomena , social phenomena and the discourse about them are not seen as separate objects to be studied by specialists , but as hybrid made and scrutinized by the public interaction of people , things and concepts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18", "text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62eeab70dbf5974f29f9e6b603f020f5", "text": "Planet of the Apes (disambiguation) Planet of the Apes is a film and media franchise involving a world where humans and intelligent apes clash for control . Planet of the Apes may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38e377b202bb0f9f207fc1ba8e8c3de", "text": "Dawn of Humanity Dawn of Humanity is a 2015 American documentary film that was released online on September 10 , 2015 , and aired nationwide in the United States on September 16 , 2015 . The PBS NOVA National Geographic film , in one episode of two hours , was directed and produced by Graham Townsley . The film describes the 2013 discovery , and later excavation , of the fossil remains of Homo naledi , an extinct species of hominin assigned to the genus Homo , found within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system , located in the Cradle of Humankind , South Africa . Additionally , the National Geographic Society has multiple videos on its website covering different phases of the discovery and excavation of the fossils during a two-year period . , fossils of at least fifteen individuals , amounting to 1550 specimens , have been excavated from the cave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a", "text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "862cf9510c921ed911fe23391f5106c9", "text": "The Human Zoo (book) The Human Zoo is a book written by the British zoologist Desmond Morris , published in 1969 . It is a follow-up to his earlier book The Naked Ape ; both books examine how the biological nature of the human species has shaped the character of the cultures of the contemporary world . The Human Zoo examines the nature of civilized society , especially in the cities . Morris compares the human inhabitants of a city to the animal inhabitants of a zoo , which have their survival needs provided for , but at the cost of living in an unnatural environment . Humans in their cities , and animals in their zoos , both have food and shelter provided for them , and have considerable free time on their hands . But they have to live in an unnatural environment , and are both likely to have problems in developing healthy social relationships , both are liable to suffer from isolation and boredom , and both live in a limited amount of physical space . The book explains how the inhabitants of cities and zoos have invented ways to deal with these problems , and the consequences that follow when they fail at dealing with them . From this point of view , Morris examines why civilized society is the way it is . He offers explanations of the best and the worst features of civilized society . He examines the magnificent achievements of civilized society , the sublime explorations that make up science and the humanities , as well as the horrible behaviors of this same society such as war , slavery , and rape . This book , and Morris 's earlier book The Naked Ape , are two of the early works in the field of sociobiology , which have both contributed much to contemporary understandings of society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9277bc54d04700ec5b5c5869075ae8", "text": "The Voyage that Shook the World The Voyage That Shook The World is a 2009 dramatised documentary film commissioned by Creation Ministries International , a Christian Young Earth creationist organisation , and produced by Fathom Media . It was released to mark the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin 's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his seminal work On the Origin of Species . A historian featured in the film has stated that the creationist backing of the film had been concealed when he agreed to take part , that the editing of his words could give a false impression of his views , and that the film presents a historically distorted portrait of Darwin . Creation Ministries agreed that they had set up a `` front company '' to approach experts . They denied any deception and stated that one of the interviewees had admitted that while the producers had `` cherry picked '' comments they `` did n't distort what we said '' , and compared their approach to that used by the BBC in making documentaries . The three historians featured in the film subsequently issued a statement that they had been misrepresented by the film company 's selective reconstruction of Darwin 's voyage . CMI countered these claims with extended quotes from the interviews of the historians . Their response was described as appearing to be sound in specific aspects by American skeptic Jim Lippard , who had not seen the film at that time . Having seen the film , he described it as trying to hide its own creationism , which becomes increasingly apparent as the film progresses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d690047f28a8de055d5e247ee11a249", "text": "Animal language Animal languages are forms of non-human animal communication that show similarities to human language . Animals communicate by using a variety of signs such as sounds or movements . Such signing may be considered complex enough to be called a form of language if the inventory of signs is large , the signs are relatively arbitrary , and the animals seem to produce them with a degree of volition ( as opposed to relatively automatic conditioned behaviors or unconditioned instincts , usually including facial expressions ) . In experimental tests , animal communication may also be evidenced through the use of lexigrams ( as used by chimpanzees and bonobos ) . While the term `` animal language '' is widely used , researchers agree that animal languages are not as complex or expressive as human language . Many researchers argue that animal communication lacks a key aspect of human language , that is , the creation of new patterns of signs under varied circumstances . ( In contrast , for example , humans routinely produce entirely new combinations of words . ) Some researchers , including the linguist Charles Hockett , argue that human language and animal communication differ so much that the underlying principles are unrelated . Accordingly , linguist Thomas A. Sebeok has proposed to not use the term `` language '' for animal sign systems . Marc Hauser , Noam Chomsky , and W. Tecumseh Fitch assert an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods of animal and human language .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "364d7f6ce7dda05ab3dc42a0fb25be30", "text": "International Space Station The International Space Station ( ISS ) is a space station , or a habitable artificial satellite , in low Earth orbit . Its first component launched into orbit in 1998 , and the ISS is now the largest man-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth . The ISS consists of pressurised modules , external trusses , solar arrays , and other components . ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets , and American Space Shuttles . The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology , human biology , physics , astronomy , meteorology , and other fields . The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars . The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 and by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft . It completes orbits per day . The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews , following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut , Almaz , and Mir stations as well as Skylab from the US . The station has been continuously occupied for since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 2000 . This is the longest continuous human presence in low Earth orbit , having surpassed the previous record of held by Mir . The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft : the Russian Soyuz and Progress , the American Dragon and Cygnus , the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle , and formerly the Space Shuttle and the European Automated Transfer Vehicle . It has been visited by astronauts , cosmonauts and space tourists from 17 different nations . After the US Space Shuttle programme ended in 2011 , Soyuz rockets became the only provider of transport for astronauts at the International Space Station , and Dragon became the only provider of bulk cargo return to Earth ( called downmass ) . Soyuz has very limited downmass capability . The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies : NASA , Roscosmos , JAXA , ESA , and CSA . The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements . The station is divided into two sections , the Russian Orbital Segment ( ROS ) and the United States Orbital Segment ( USOS ) , which is shared by many nations . , the American portion of ISS is being funded until 2024 . Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024 but has proposed using elements of the Russian Orbital Segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK . On 28 March 2015 , Russian sources announced that Roscosmos and NASA had agreed to collaborate on the development of a replacement for the current ISS . NASA later issued a guarded statement expressing thanks for Russia 's interest in future co-operation in space exploration but fell short of confirming the Russian announcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b551f83cadac0030b06e3338070e8ed0", "text": "Biology Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms , including their structure , function , growth , evolution , distribution , identification and taxonomy . Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field , composed of many branches and subdisciplines . However , despite the broad scope of biology , there are certain unifying concepts within it that consolidate it into single , coherent field . In general , biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life , genes as the basic unit of heredity , and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species . It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition known as homeostasis . Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied , the kinds of organisms studied , and the methods used to study them : biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life ; molecular biology studies the complex interactions among biological molecules ; botany studies the biology of plants ; cellular biology examines the basic building-block of all life , the cell ; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of tissues , organs , and organ systems of an organism ; evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life ; and ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "18026fc25f87c42b3a0322494747fb2a", "text": "Biologist A biologist , is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology , the scientific study of life . Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter . Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding , in fields such as medicine , industry and agriculture . While `` biologist '' can apply to any scientist studying biology , most biologists research and specialise in specific fields . In this way , biologists investigate large-scale organism interactions ( ecology ) , whole multicellular organisms , organs , tissues , cells , and small-scale cellular and molecular processes . Other biologists study less direct aspects of life , such as phylogeny and evolution . Biologists conduct research based on the scientific method , to test the validity of a theory , with hypothesis formation , experimentation and documentation of methods and data . There are many types of biologists . Some work on microorganisms , while others study multicellular organisms . There is much overlap between different fields of biology such as botany , zoology , microbiology , genetics and evolutionary biology , and it is often difficult to classify a biologist as only one of them . Many jobs in biology as a field require an academic degree . A doctorate or its equivalent is generally required to direct independent research , and involves a specialization in a specific area of biology . Many biological scientists work in research and development . Some conduct fundamental research to advance our knowledge of living organisms , including bacteria and other pathogens . This research enhances understanding and adds to the scientific database of literature . Furthermore , it often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment . These biological scientists mostly work in government , university , and private industry laboratories . Many expand on specialized research that they started in post-graduate qualifications , such as a doctorate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ed7da206cdb966e4032b3d16cca7863", "text": "AREA Science Park The Trieste AREA Science Park is composed of two neighbouring campus developments located near the exit from the motorway linking Venice to Austria and Slovenia . It covers 50 hectares , extendable to 150 , in the magnificent natural setting of the Kras Plateau . Operational since 1982 , the AREA Science Park was founded with the initial aim of providing a link between the business community and the many high-level international scientific institutions in Trieste . It is now the most important multi-sector science park in Italy and one of the foremost in Europe . The park has about 23,000 sq metres of laboratory space equipped with specialised apparatus , experimental and safety equipment , in addition to offices and service facilities ( Conference Centre , meeting rooms , teaching labs , cafeteria , etc. ) . An additional area of about 1,500 sq metres is currently available for new activities . The following services are also available : information and computers , legal , fiscal and accounting consultancy , engineering and plant technology , occupational health and safety , marketing and promotion , information and assistance on EU programmes . There are incentives for small and medium-sized companies entering into research contracts with the AREA Science Park . They may be direct ( contributions to cover costs , in capital or towards interest payments ) or in other forms of support ( purchase of hired instruments , fellowships , assistance and consultancy services ) . `` Research laboratories whose aim is to promote industry in technologically advanced sectors with a substantial and highly-qualified workforce '' intending to establish themselves in the AREA Science Park may also have access to financing provided by Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . Intensive training of school-leavers and graduates has so far led to jobs for over 100 young people in the research and productive structures within the Science Park or outside it . The fellowships awarded by the Consortium privilege training in the institutes , centres and companies of the Area itself . Under the programmes included in the European Commission Objective 2 , the Consortium supervises the training of graduates in the sector of innovation transfers to create solid bonds between the world of research and small and medium-sized companies . The Science Park currently has 38 established units , divided into the following sectors : highly specialised research and training centres ; research and development and service centres of outside companies ; new companies originating from the availability of specialised services , know-how and facilities encouraged by the Park ; the special ELETTRA Laboratory project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "877d1c09b37db7db245745c62f8249c8", "text": "List of International Space Station crew This is a list of crew to the International Space Station ( ISS ) , in alphabetical order . The suffix ( twice , thrice , ... ) refers to the individual 's number of spaceflights to the ISS , not his or her total number of spaceflights . Entries without a female symbol are men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "307524bfac255acc7cced1029fd5ceba", "text": "Progress M1-6 Progress M1-6 , identified by NASA as Progress 4 or 4P , was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station . It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft , with the serial number 255 . Progress M1-6 was launched on the maiden flight of the Soyuz-FG carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . Launch occurred at 22:32:40 GMT on 20 May 2001 . The spacecraft docked with the Aft port of the Zvezda module at 00:23:57 GMT on 23 May . It remained docked for three months before undocking at 06:02 GMT on 22 August to make way for Progress M-45 . It was deorbited at 09:00 GMT on the same day , burning up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean , with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 09:50 GMT . Progress M1-6 carried supplies to the International Space Station , including food , water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8dc9cb371d031a65fd8ad795f2bf631", "text": "Mars Express Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . The Mars Express mission is exploring the planet Mars , and is the first planetary mission attempted by the agency . `` Express '' originally referred to the speed and efficiency with which the spacecraft was designed and built . However `` Express '' also describes the spacecraft 's relatively short interplanetary voyage , a result of being launched when the orbits of Earth and Mars brought them closer than they had been in about 60,000 years . Mars Express consists of two parts , the Mars Express Orbiter and the Beagle 2 , a lander designed to perform exobiology and geochemistry research . Although the lander failed to fully deploy after it landed on the Martian surface , the orbiter has been successfully performing scientific measurements since early 2004 , namely , high-resolution imaging and mineralogical mapping of the surface , radar sounding of the subsurface structure down to the permafrost , precise determination of the atmospheric circulation and composition , and study of the interaction of the atmosphere with the interplanetary medium . Due to the valuable science return and the highly flexible mission profile , Mars Express has been granted six mission extensions , the latest until the end of 2016 . Some of the instruments on the orbiter , including the camera systems and some spectrometers , reuse designs from the failed launch of the Russian Mars 96 mission in 1996 ( European countries had provided much of the instrumentation and financing for that unsuccessful mission ) . The design of Mars Express is based on ESA 's Rosetta mission , on which a considerable sum was spent on development . The same design was also used for the Venus Express mission in order to increase reliability and reduce development cost and time . Because of these redesigns and repurposings , the total cost of the project was about $ 345 million - less than half of comparable U.S. missions . On 19 October 2014 , the ESA reported the Mars Express is healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of Mars on 19 October 2014 -- as are , as well , all NASA Mars orbiters and ISRO 's orbiter , the Mars Orbiter Mission . Arriving at Mars in 2003 , ago ( and counting ) , it is the second longest surviving , continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth , behind only NASA 's still active 2001 Mars Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1502cd1725a4b35e9e0da188c5dada33", "text": "Expedition 42 Expedition 42 was the 42nd expedition to the International Space Station . It began on 10 November 2014 with the undocking of Soyuz TMA-13M , returning the crew of Expedition 41 to Earth and ended with the undocking of Soyuz TMA-14M in March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8691f7bc27b04ac3278ec69aff6cc198", "text": "Hypothetical types of biochemistry Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry speculated to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time . The kinds of living organisms currently known on Earth all use carbon compounds for basic structural and metabolic functions , water as a solvent , and DNA or RNA to define and control their form . If life exists on other planets or moons , it may be chemically similar ; it is also possible that there are organisms with quite different chemistries -- for instance involving other classes of carbon compounds , compounds of another element , or another solvent in place of water . The possibility of life-forms being based on `` alternative '' biochemistries is the topic of an ongoing scientific discussion , informed by what is known about extraterrestrial environments and about the chemical behaviour of various elements and compounds . It is also a common subject in science fiction . The element silicon has been much discussed as a hypothetical alternative to carbon . Silicon is in the same group as carbon on the periodic table and , like carbon , it is tetravalent , although the silicon analogs of organic compounds are generally less stable . Hypothetical alternatives to water include ammonia , which , like water , is a polar molecule , and cosmically abundant ; and non-polar hydrocarbon solvents such as methane and ethane , which are known to exist in liquid form on the surface of Titan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d39987bc6fb6129c4e65ca60e9e335e2", "text": "STS-98 STS-98 was a 2001 Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis . STS-98 delivered to the station the Destiny Laboratory Module . All mission objectives were completed and the shuttle reentered and landed safely at Edwards Air Force Base on 20 February 2001 , after twelve days in space , six of which were spent docked to the ISS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea62ef8e34eeb0a5f1f61511ac731877", "text": "Ex vivo Ex vivo ( Latin : `` out of the living '' ) means that which takes place outside an organism . In science , ex vivo refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on tissue from an organism in an external environment with minimal alteration of natural conditions . Ex vivo conditions allow experimentation on an organism 's cells or tissues under more controlled conditions than is possible in in vivo experiments ( in the intact organism ) , at the expense of altering the `` natural '' environment . A primary advantage of using ex vivo tissues is the ability to perform tests or measurements that would otherwise not be possible or ethical in living subjects . Tissues may be removed in many ways , including in part , as whole organs , or as larger organ systems . Examples of ex vivo specimen use include : assays ; finding cancer treatment agents that are effective against the organism 's cancer cells measurements of physical , thermal , electrical , mechanical , optical and other tissue properties , especially in various environments that may not be life-sustaining ( for example , at extreme pressures or temperatures ) ; realistic models for surgical procedure development ; investigations into the interaction of different energy types with tissues ; or as phantoms in imaging technique development . The term ex vivo means that the samples to be tested have been extracted from the organism . The term in vitro ( `` within the glass '' ) means the samples to be tested are obtained from a repository , in the case of cancer cells a strain that would produce favorable results , then grown to produce a control sample and the number of samples required for the number of tests . These two terms are not synonymous even though the testing in both cases is `` within the glass '' . The results of ex vivo only apply to the organism supplying the cell whereas the in vitro results only apply to the cell line used . In cell biology , ex vivo procedures often involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus , usually under sterile conditions with no alterations , for up to 24 hours to obtain sufficient cells for the experiments . Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation . Using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ex vivo . One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ) assay . In this assay , angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism ( chicken ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33339442506465ae45721816e1d63ab1", "text": "Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets ( ASTEP ) is a program established by NASA to sponsor research projects that advance the technology and techniques used in planetary exploration . The objective is to enable the study of astrobiology and to aid the planning of extraterrestrial exploration missions while prioritizing science , technology , and field campaigns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "770ca7b0b122323c1a8b83340e25c9dc", "text": "NASA Space Flight Medal The NASA Space Flight Medal is a decoration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . According to its statutes , it is awarded `` for significant achievement or service during individual participation as a civilian or military astronaut , pilot , mission specialist , payload specialist , or other space flight participant in a space flight mission . '' In practice , the medal is bestowed upon any astronaut ( US or foreign ) who flies aboard a United States space mission , and typically every subsequent flight is honored with an additional award . Multiple awards of the decoration are annotated either by award stars or oak leaf clusters ( depending on the civilian or military status of the recipient and , if military , the branch of service ) . The NASA Space Flight Medal is also authorized for wear on active uniforms of the United States military and is worn after all military decorations . For those who perform an act of gallantry or heroic action while engaged in a U.S. space mission , NASA also presents an award known as the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . This is separate award from the Medal of Honor which is a U.S. military decoration for extreme bravery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f15c532de8dc2077d50e5899b3878fd9", "text": "Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz ( Союз , meaning `` union '' , GRAU index 11A511 ) is a family of expendable launch systems developed by OKB-1 , and manufactured by Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center in Samara , Russia . The Soyuz launch vehicle is the most frequently used launch vehicle in the world . After the U.S. Space Shuttle program ended in 2011 , Soyuz rockets became the only launch vehicle able to transport astronauts to the International Space Station . The Soyuz vehicles are used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft as part of the Soyuz program , as well as to launch unmanned Progress supply spacecraft to the International Space Station and for commercial launches marketed and operated by Starsem and Arianespace . All Soyuz rockets use RP-1 and liquid oxygen ( LOX ) propellant , with the exception of the Soyuz-U2 , which used Syntin , a variant of RP-1 , with LOX . In the United States , it has the Library of Congress designation A-2 . The Soyuz family is a subset of the R-7 family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39625112dd4ca45197582f9943fd4058", "text": "Space Corps (Star Corps) Space Corps , also colloquially referred to as the Star Corps ( Red Dwarf 1996 Log Book ) , Space Federation ( `` Back in the Red , Part Three '' ) and the Star Fleet ( Last Human and `` Back to Earth , Part Two '' ) , is the umbrella organization which regulated all interplanetary and interstellar space flight to and from Earth , from the British science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf . They were responsible for the creation of spaceships , the colonisation of the Galaxy , and the introduction of holograms , GELFs and artificial intelligences such as mechanoids and Simulants throughout the Galaxy . The Space Corps is somewhat analogous to Star Trek 's Starfleet and is responsible for the administrative organisation of all space travel in the Red Dwarf Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1cda50ebc72369abb0c847f0aaabcc0", "text": "Origins of the International Space Station Origins of the International Space Station covers the origins of ISS . The International Space Station program represents a combination of three national space station projects : the Russian/Soviet Mir-2 , NASA 's Freedom including the Japanese Kibō laboratory , and the European Columbus space stations . Canadian robotics supplement these projects . In the early 1980s , NASA planned to launch a modular space station called Freedom as a counterpart to the Soviet Salyut and Mir space stations . In 1984 the ESA was invited to participate in Space Station Freedom , and the ESA approved the Columbus laboratory by 1987 . The Japanese Experiment Module ( JEM ) , or Kibō , was announced in 1985 , as part of the Freedom space station in response to a NASA request in 1982 . In Rome in early 1985 , science ministers from the European Space Agency ( ESA ) countries approved the Columbus programme , the most ambitious effort in space undertaken by that organisation at the time . The plan spearheaded by Germany and Italy included a module which would be attached to Freedom , and with the capability to evolve into a full-fledged European orbital outpost before the end of the century . The space station was also going to tie the emerging European and Japanese national space programmes closer to the US-led project , thereby preventing those nations from becoming major , independent competitors too . In September 1993 , American Vice-President Al Gore and Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin announced plans for a new space station , which eventually became the International Space Station . They also agreed , in preparation for this new project , that the United States would be involved in the Mir programme , including American Shuttles docking , in the Shuttle -- Mir Programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c2e9c96c79f2ae855cc96b18d6a78c7", "text": "STS-134 STS-134 ( ISS assembly flight ULF6 ) was the penultimate mission of NASA 's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of . This flight delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and an ExPRESS Logistics Carrier to the International Space Station . Mark Kelly served as the mission commander . STS-134 was expected to be the final space shuttle mission if STS-135 did not receive funding from Congress . However , in February 2011 , NASA stated that STS-135 would fly `` regardless '' of the funding situation . STS-135 , flown by Atlantis , took advantage of the processing for STS-335 , the Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if the STS-134 crew became stranded in orbit . Changes in the design of the main payload , AMS-02 , as well as delays to STS-133 , led to delays in the mission . The first launch attempt on 29 April 2011 was scrubbed at 12:20 pm by launch managers due to problems with two heaters on one of the orbiter 's auxiliary power units ( APU ) . Endeavour launched successfully at 08:56:28 EDT ( 12:56:28 UTC ) on 16 May 2011 , and landed for the final time on 1 June 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99848b741eb1d9d98f3c3f9a8eb03ee", "text": "STS-78 STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program , flown partly in preparation for the International Space Station project . The mission used the Space Shuttle Columbia , which lifted off successfully from Kennedy Space Center 's launch pad 39-B on 20 June 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b98454cf3c3ee5d8592dc0712c33ffb", "text": "Scientific research on the International Space Station Scientific research on the International Space Station is a collection of experiments that require one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit . The primary fields of research include human research , space medicine , life sciences , physical sciences , astronomy and meteorology . The 2005 NASA Authorization Act designated the American segment of the International Space Station as a national laboratory with the goal of increasing the use of the ISS by other federal agencies and the private sector . Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body . Subjects currently under study include muscle atrophy , bone loss , and fluid shift . The data will be used to determine whether space colonisation and lengthy human spaceflight are feasible . As of 2006 , data on bone loss and muscular atrophy suggest that there would be a significant risk of fractures and movement problems if astronauts landed on a planet after a lengthy interplanetary cruise ( such as the six-month journey time required to fly to Mars ) . Large scale medical studies are conducted aboard the ISS via the National Space Biomedical Research Institute ( NSBRI ) . Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity study in which astronauts ( including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka ) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts . The study considers the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions in space . Usually , there is no physician on board the ISS , and diagnosis of medical conditions is a challenge . It is anticipated that remotely guided ultrasound scans will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations where access to a trained physician is difficult . Researchers are investigating the effect of the station 's near-weightless environment on the evolution , development , growth and internal processes of plants and animals . In response to some of this data , NASA wants to investigate microgravity 's effects on the growth of three-dimensional , human-like tissues , and the unusual protein crystals that can be formed in space . The investigation of the physics of fluids in microgravity will allow researchers to model the behaviour of fluids better . Because fluids can be almost completely combined in microgravity , physicists investigate fluids that do not mix well on Earth . In addition , an examination of reactions that are slowed by low gravity and temperatures will give scientists a deeper understanding of superconductivity . The study of materials science is an important ISS research activity , with the objective of reaping economic benefits through the improvement of techniques used on the ground . Other areas of interest include the effect of the low gravity environment on combustion , through the study of the efficiency of burning and control of emissions and pollutants . These findings may improve our knowledge about energy production , and lead to economic and environmental benefits . Future plans are for the researchers aboard the ISS to examine aerosols , ozone , water vapour , and oxides in Earth 's atmosphere , as well as cosmic rays , cosmic dust , antimatter , and dark matter in the universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c739f8fe269549ab644eb45958da68f6", "text": "Videometer A videometer is a European designed automatic docking system that guides an Automated Transfer Vehicle ( ATV ) towards the docking port of the Russian Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station ( ISS ) . The ATV uses relative global positioning system ( GPS ) in order to close in on the ISS up to a distance of 249 m. Thereafter the ATV uses two videometers , together with additional data from telegoniometers , to automatically complete the docking maneuver . Both videometers are active during rendezvous with one acting as a back-up . Retroreflectors located on the aft end of Zvezda module accurately reflect pulsed laser beams emitted by the videometer on the front of the ATV . The spot patterns of laser light returned from the passive reflectors are analysed by the image processors on the ATV to give its relative position and orientation to the ISS . The beam travel time to the videometer 's 26 retroreflectors , contained in a 25mm cube , compute the distance between the two spacecraft and thus allowing it to identify , approach and mate to Zvezda 's docking mechanism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ed9ebbd55ff23bee958acc52973766", "text": "Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ) is a Japanese national research organization of astrophysics using rockets , astronomical satellites and interplanetary probes which played a major role in Japan 's space development . Since 2003 , it is a division of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3a6e33c97b6b0ca14d451ca6740d21fa", "text": "Green Day Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt . For much of the group 's career , the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool , who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band 's second studio album , Kerplunk ( 1991 ) . Guitarist Jason White , who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999 , was an official member from 2012 to 2016 . Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley , California . The band 's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout ! Records . In 1994 , its major label debut Dookie ( released through Reprise Records ) became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Green Day was widely credited , alongside fellow California punk bands Sublime , Bad Religion , The Offspring , and Rancid , with popularizing and reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States . Green Day 's three follow-up albums , Insomniac ( 1995 ) , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , and Warning ( 2000 ) did not achieve the massive success of Dookie , though they were still successful , with Insomniac and Nimrod reaching double platinum and Warning achieving platinum status . The band 's rock opera , American Idiot ( 2004 ) , reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation , selling six million copies in the U.S. . The band 's eighth studio album , 21st Century Breakdown , was released in 2009 and achieved the band 's best chart performance to date . 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! , which were released in September , November and December 2012 respectively . The band 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio was released on October 7 , 2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , their third album to do so . Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide . The group has won five Grammy Awards : Best Alternative Album for Dookie , Best Rock Album for American Idiot , Record of the Year for `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , Best Rock Album for the second time for 21st Century Breakdown and Best Musical Show Album for American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording . In 2010 , a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway . The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards : Best Musical , Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design , losing only the first . Also in 2010 , Green Day was ranked no. 91 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . On April 18 , 2015 , the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of the 2015 class in their first year of eligibility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d201daa29afd613993ea1ed97cf21f9", "text": "Green Day discography The American punk rock band Green Day has released 12 studio albums , two live albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , four video albums , 10 extended plays , four box sets , 42 singles , ten promotional singles , and 39 music videos . The band has sold over 85 million records worldwide , including more than 30 million in the United States alone . Green Day released their first two studio albums , 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours ( 1991 ) ( consisting of the original `` 39/Smooth '' as well as their first two EP 's `` 1,000 Hours '' and `` Slappy '' ) and Kerplunk ( 1991 ) , through the independent label Lookout ! Records before signing to major label Reprise Records . Dookie , the band 's first album on the label and third studio album overall , was released in February 1994 . It was a breakout success , selling over 10 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide . Dookie spawned five singles , including the international hits `` Longview '' , Basket Case '' and `` When I Come Around '' . The album placed Green Day at the forefront of the 1990s punk rock revival . Insomniac , the band 's fourth studio album , was released in October 1995 . While not as successful as Dookie , the album managed to peak at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Nimrod followed in October 1997 ; it peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 . Four singles were released from Nimrod ; the most successful of these was `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' , which hit the top ten in countries such as Australia and Canada . The band 's sixth studio album Warning was released in October 2000 to mild commercial success , peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and only earning a gold certification from the RIAA . Their seventh studio album American Idiot reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation . Becoming the band 's first album to top the Billboard 200 , American Idiot sold over six million copies in the United States , and over 14 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five commercially successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' , and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . The band 's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown followed in May 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . Two singles from the album -- `` Know Your Enemy '' and `` 21 Guns '' -- became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 . A trilogy of studio albums -- ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! -- were released toward the end of 2012 . ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! and ¡ Tré ! peaked at numbers two , nine and thirteen respectively on the Billboard 200 . In 2016 , another studio album , Revolution Radio was released and topped the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9bb3c879e696130288da20a8491dd82f", "text": "Sugo Music Group Sugo Music Group is a San Francisco based music and video distribution , manufacturing , marketing , and sales company that works with independent artists , labels , and other music content providers under Sony Music and The Orchard . It serves distribution under The Orchard a subsidiary of Sony Music to distribute content through various channels , music stores , big box retailers , gift shops , wholesalers , TV , Internet and mobile . The company offers its technical , marketing , and distribution services to a wide range of independent artists and labels from all genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a096452a22f0807c7d59cf9d5007bf88", "text": "Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' . Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel . Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d869031454f57e51aac9b98dcafbf01", "text": "Greentrax Recordings Greentrax Recordings are a Scottish record label that specialises in Scottish traditional music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55366a7d572389fc977b3472d8854629", "text": "Revolution Radio Tour The Revolution Radio Tour is a concert tour by American punk rock band Green Day in support of the group 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio . The tour is currently set to have 112 dates in North America , Europe , Australia , and New Zealand from September 2016 through November 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce423552c64eb0f12659f3232c3fbf90", "text": "Every Day Is Exactly the Same `` Every Day Is Exactly the Same '' is the third single by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their album With Teeth . It is the twenty-first official Nine Inch Nails release . The commercial single was released on April 4 , 2006 as an EP . It was also billed as the companion remix disc to With Teeth , much to the chagrin of Trent Reznor . The song went for adds on R&R 's alternative rock chart in November 2005 . The radio single reached # 1 on the Billboard Modern Rock singles chart in the Modern Rock Tracks category and # 12 in the Mainstream Rock Tracks category . The song also reached number one on the Canadian Singles Chart , and received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 49th annual Grammy Awards . Though a planned music video was scrapped in the post-production stage , `` Every Day Is Exactly the Same '' still topped Billboard 's 2006 year-end Hot Dance Singles Sales chart , it has so far spent 94 weeks on the chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8761f5f0b3cf9fb55a7e3f22545a1515", "text": "Greater Kensington (string band) Greater Kensington is a string band in Philadelphia 's annual Mummers Parade . The Greater Kensington String Band was organized in 1946 and first marched in the New Year 's Day Mummers Parade in 1948 . The band , known as `` GKSB '' , has taken first prize on three occasions and has finished in the top ten forty one times including seventeen years in the top five . GKSB started in 1946 on Front Street below Lehigh Avenue and moved to a location atop the Cumberland Sho-bar at Kensington Avenue and `` A '' Street beneath the Market -- Frankford Line . In 1960 the band relocated and established its headquarters at 2844 `` D '' Street . The band is a charter member of the Philadelphia Mummers String Band Association and , as such , can never change its name . So when the band moved in 1966 to Tacony , it still carried the name of Greater Kensington String Band . The band owns its headquarters on Edmund Street in Northeast Philadelphia . The band has joined with the Mayfair Optimist Club and the Mayfair-Holmesburg Merchants Association to sponsor and help organize the Annual Thanksgiving Day Parade on Frankford Avenue since 1974 . In 1975 the band acquired a catering club license making the hall available for rentals . While New Year 's Day is the band 's big event of the year , the group has performed nationally , with past performances in Tennessee , Minnesota , Wisconsin , Illinois , the New England states , New Jersey , Maryland , Delaware and throughout Pennsylvania . They have also performed at the Quebec Winter Carnival , the Carnival de Libertad in Cuba , Oktoberfest in Kitchener-Waterloo , Ontario , the P. T. Barnum Festival in Connecticut and the Nebraska State Fair . They performed at the 1984 inauguration of Mayor Wilson Goode at the Academy of Music and as part of Goode 's bid for Philadelphia to host Super Bowl XXI . The band has also marched in the Miss America Parade , performed on the Merv Griffin Show , Philadelphia 's Puerto Rican Day parade , with the USO and in a command performance at Constitution Hall in Washington , D.C. with Charlie Daniels and the Rockettes in 1991 . In 2004 , the band performed in front of a live crowd of 280,000 people in the Chinese New Year Parade in Hong Kong . They have also performed in the Grand Opera House , appeared on the same bill with the Philadelphia Orchestra , and played across the Brooklyn Bridge when it was re-dedicated . In 1983 , the band was selected to represent the East Coast and was one of only four bands to perform at the National Sports Festival held at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs . The group was named the championship band and was personally congratulated by Bob Hope who was the Olympic Committee Co-Chairman . Also in 1983 , the band was a plaintiff in a federal lawsuit aimed at preventing planned changes to the Mummer 's Parade . In September 2007 , the Tacony warehouse that they were renting was destroyed by arson . The band lost thousands of dollars worth of tools , set pieces and an inventory of thousands of ostrich feathers . The total loss was estimated at $ 20,000 , with $ 6,000 of that being feathers alone . As of December 2007 , they are unsure if their insurance will cover the loss . While bands typically spend most of the year preparing for the parade on New Years Day , the band was able to rebuild most of their planned sets and props in time for the 2008 parade . The band publicly cited help from supporters and their competitors in the parade , with help coming from every other string band in the city and critically needed feathers from South Philadelphia , Avalon , Woodland and Trilby . In 1963 , Sure Records released the band 's album `` String Band Sound of All-Time Favorites '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cee6de857fdca9be35e3819a722b310", "text": "Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina . Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers . The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia . The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records . The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana . Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina . Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States . In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e0edcf954940be802dd3a7cf95dd87", "text": "The Ministry Years The Ministry Years is a two-volume posthumous compilation album series by American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green , originally released in 1987 and 1988 . Each two-disc volume covers half of Green 's recording career : 1977-1979 and 1980-1982 . Included with each volume is a 19-page booklet insert . These compilation albums are treated with several previously unreleased songs ( denoted by a ** below ) . Both volumes were re-released in 1999 with new covers ( seen at right ) patterned after the `` Songs of ... '' series . The re-issue also included a digital copy of the book No Compromise : The Life Story of Keith Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9290bd2c09c49fad40889922836454cf", "text": "Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders . In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d54b50c1380ed0208926e5f110ca5ad0", "text": "Saves the Day Saves the Day is an American Pop Punk band from Princeton , New Jersey , formed in 1994 . The band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Chris Conley , guitarist Arun Bali , bassist Rodrigo Palma , and drummer Dennis Wilson . After forming under the name Sefler in 1994 , Saves the Day released their debut studio album , Ca n't Slow Down , in 1998 . It was followed by Through Being Cool ( 1999 ) , which featured their first single , `` Shoulder to the Wheel '' . Stay What You Are was released in 2001 , peaking at number 100 on the Billboard 200 . It spawned two successful music videos on MTV2 , for the singles `` At Your Funeral '' and `` Freakish '' , and has since sold 300,000 copies . After the success of Stay What You Are , Saves the Day signed to Dreamworks Records , who co-released their next studio album , In Reverie , with Vagrant Records . The album peaked at number 27 on the Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Independent Albums chart . Their latest , self-titled LP was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9632eb397df39837a3c832ab52f32aa", "text": "Slappy Slappy is the second EP by American punk rock band Green Day . It was released in the Summer of 1990 through Lookout ! Records . Upon its release , several different colors of vinyl were available in limited quantities . Billie Joe Armstrong cited the extended play as the one on which Green Day began to find its sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f361f7923bdc520f955cd254191ed7b", "text": "Green market The green market is the distribution of refurbished , used , repaired , recycled , discontinued or new products in working condition . They are sold through brokers and resellers , sometimes through the original manufacturer . The goods are suitable for resale to customers as a lower cost alternative to buying new goods from standard distribution channels such as retail stores .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47db44b7b184f62745a6c59daba61c8", "text": "Pansy Division Pansy Division is an American rock band formed in San Francisco , California in 1991 by singer-songwriter Jon Ginoli and bassist Chris Freeman . Conceived as the first openly gay rock band featuring predominantly gay musicians , Pansy Division 's music , a mix of pop punk and power pop , focuses mainly on LGBT issues , sex and relationships , often presented in a humorous light . In 1993 , the band signed to punk label Lookout ! Records and received international notoriety touring with Green Day in 1994 , becoming the most commercially successful band of the queercore movement which began in the 1980s . As of September 2016 , Pansy Division have released seven studio albums and three B-side compilations , among other recordings . In 2008 , the band were the subject of the documentary film entitled Pansy Division : Life in a Gay Rock Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525f4d6786af5c5ea8c0270dd7f9d1c", "text": "Oakland Coffee Works Oakland Coffee Works is a coffee company founded by Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt of the rock band Green Day . Focusing on sustainability , it is the first coffee company in the world to offer only 100 % fully organic and compostable-packaged products . The Financial Times reported Oakland Coffee 's launch in December 2015 as was the world 's first fully compostable 12 oz . coffee bags and fully compostable single-serve coffee cups . Oakland Coffee sources their beans in the High Andes of Peru , and also in Bolivia and Honduras , and the coffee is organic and fair trade . Oakland Coffee also launched a grass roots charitable organization in 2013 , working in partnership with Crescendos Alliance to support communities in Peru in regions where the coffee beans are grown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6311c9839418caf2141e8994c9a80fc3", "text": "Foxboro Hot Tubs Foxboro Hot Tubs is a garage rock side project of Green Day , formed in 2007 . The band includes all members of Green Day , and features Kevin Preston of Prima Donna Their first album Stop Drop and Roll !!! was released on April 22 , 2008 . The name `` Foxboro Hot Tubs '' is the alias Green Day uses to book secret shows . When performing as Foxboro Hot Tubs , Billie Joe Armstrong and Jason White go by the names Reverend Strychnine Twitch and Frosco Lee respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ab8929791c70018bdf05c520f41fa252", "text": "Modern Family Modern Family ( stylized as modern family ) is an American television mockumentary sitcom that premiered on ABC on September 23 , 2009 , which follows the lives of Jay Pritchett and his family , all of whom live in suburban Los Angeles . Pritchett 's family includes his second wife , her son and his stepson , as well as his two adult children and their spouses and children . Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan conceived the series while sharing stories of their own `` modern families '' . Modern Family employs an ensemble cast . The series is presented in mockumentary style , with the fictional characters frequently talking directly into the camera . The series premiered on September 23 , 2009 , and the eighth season premiered on September 21 , 2016 . The series was renewed for a ninth and tenth season on May 10 , 2017 . Modern Family was acclaimed by critics throughout its first season , although reception has become more mixed as the series has progressed . The show won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in each of its first five years and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series four times , twice for Eric Stonestreet and twice for Ty Burrell , as well as the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series twice for Julie Bowen . It has so far won a total of 22 Emmy awards from 75 nominations . It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 2011 . The broadcast syndication rights to the series were sold to USA Network and 10 Fox affiliates and CW affiliate WLVI for a fall 2013 premiere . The success of the series led to it being the tenth-highest revenue-generating show for 2012 , earning $ 2.13 million an episode .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "98357baac99a30cba65876572fcae5f0", "text": "Airport 2010 `` Airport 2010 '' is the twenty-second episode of the American television sitcom series Modern Family and the twenty-second episode of the series overall . It premiered on May 5 , 2010 , on ABC . The episode was written by Bill Wrubel & Dan O'Shannon and directed by Jason Winer . In the episode , Gloria invites the whole family on a getaway to Hawaii for Jay 's birthday much to Jay 's chagrin . While waiting for their flight , Mitchell realizes that he does not have his wallet - that includes his ID - with him and he has to go back and get it . Phil offers to drive him back home , something that upsets Claire because Phil leaves her alone while he knows how much nervous she is when they are about to fly . Manny is kept for questioning after his name matches a name on a no-fly list and Haley flirts with a boy while Dylan is trapped inside the Dunphy 's house . The episode references Lost which guest starred Julie Bowen . `` Airport 2010 '' has received positive reviews from critics with a lot praising of Ed O'Neill 's performance as Jay . Despite the positive reviews the episode dropped three-tenths from last week 's episode , `` Travels with Scout '' , and was viewed by an estimated 9.32 million households according to the Nielsen Media Research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91ac05cfc75898684bb05eb46fb8da40", "text": "En Garde (Modern Family) `` En Garde '' is the seventh episode of the ABC sitcom Modern Family and the seventh episode of the series overall . It premiered on ABC in the United States on November 4 , 2009 . The episode was written by Danny Zuker and directed by Randall Einhorn . In the episode , Manny takes up fencing and he is quite talented . Jay is very proud of Manny , something that causes Mitchell 's childhood ice skating trauma to resurface . These feelings cause Mitchell to confront Claire about it , who he finds responsible for it . Phil tries to find Luke 's hidden talents after Manny 's success but without any luck . `` En Garde '' became the highest rated scripted show in its timeslot and has received positive reviews from critics with Jesse Tyler Ferguson naming it his `` personal favorite '' episode . It also won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series ( Half-Hour ) and Animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e259200c40200742d2e071eebd90ec", "text": "Motherland (TV series) Motherland is a British sitcom , all about navigating the trials and traumas of middle-class motherhood . A pilot episode , written by a team including Graham Linehan and Sharon Horgan , was first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2016 as part of BBC 2 's `` Sitcom Season '' . It starred Anna Maxwell Martin as Julia an overstressed working mother , trying to juggle the demands of her children , her husband and her job . The BBC subsequently ordered a full series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5969224c9a4cc25d97fcfc023d274d82", "text": "FM (1989 TV series) FM is an American television sitcom , which aired on NBC in 1989 and 1990 . The series title was a pun , referring both to the show 's setting at an FM radio station and to its themes of female-male interaction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3901bbb784cbb48369017f6c241fff5d", "text": "Our Children, Ourselves `` Our Children , Ourselves '' is the 12th episode of the second season of the American television comedy series , Modern Family and the 36th overall episode of the series . Executive producers Dan O'Shannon & Bill Wrubel wrote the episode , and Adam Shankman directed it . The episode originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on January 12 , 2011 . It featured guest star Mary Lynn Rajskub as Mitchell 's ex-girlfriend . In this episode , the dedication of Alex to learning makes Phil and Claire question themselves . Gloria tries to meet new friends . Mitchell runs into an ex-girlfriend while out with his current boyfriend , Cameron . `` Our Children , Ourselves '' received generally positive reviews from television critics with many praising the `` twist ending '' to Mitchell and Cameron 's storyline . According to the Nielsen Media Research , the episode was viewed by 11.12 million households during its original broadcast , and received a 4.2 rating/10 percent share among viewers in the 18 -- 49 demographic and became the second highest-rated ABC program of the original week it aired after Grey 's Anatomy . Sarah Hyland does not appear in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10a18bf5882aabf412561d741c67e278", "text": "ClosetCon '13 `` ClosetCon ' 13 '' is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom Modern Family , and the series ' 104th overall . It was aired on November 20 , 2013 . The episode was written by Ben Karlin and directed by Fred Savage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c4a4d9eed611824a9de7f1eb3fe8061", "text": "Manny Get Your Gun `` Manny Get Your Gun '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the sitcom , Modern Family and the 32nd overall . It originally aired November 17 , 2010 on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) . The episode was written by Danny Zuker , from a story by Modern Family co-creator , Christopher Lloyd and was directed by Michael Spiller . In the episode , everyone gathers at a restaurant for Manny 's birthday when Manny has a mini-life crisis of getting older ; Phil and Claire have a race to see who can get there faster ; and Mitchell and Cam get stuck at the mall looking for a gift . `` Manny Get Your Gun '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics with Joel Keller of TV Squad naming it `` one of the better ones of the season . According to the Nielsen Media Research , the episode received the same ratings as the previous episode , `` Chirp '' and became the second highest rated scripted series of the original week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2572baf0999d66750ee146f7646b2438", "text": "Haley's 21st Birthday `` Haley 's 21st Birthday '' is the tenth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom Modern Family , and the series ' 130th episode overall . It originally aired on December 10 , 2014 . The episode was written by Abraham Higginbotham and directed by Alisa Statman . The episode centers on Haley 's 21st birthday . Claire , Gloria , Mitchell and Cameron take Haley to a bar so she can have her first drink , while Phil wants to buy her a car as a gift . Jay tries to help bring down the cost of the car using business negotiation tactics . Manny , Luke and Alex stay home to babysit Lily who asks them if they know how babies are made . `` Haley 's 21st Birthday '' received mixed reviews from the critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf811c36aec0c51370349d6bcffd87bc", "text": "Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches . `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony . The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5eefaf2611f0156355a72da1d799110", "text": "Family Ties (disambiguation) Family Ties is a 1980s American TV sitcom . Family Ties may also refer to : Family Ties ( album ) , a 2006 album by Daddy X Family Ties ( film ) , a 2006 South Korean film Family Ties ( novel ) , a 2010 novel by Danielle Steel Family Ties ( story collection ) , a 1960 book by Clarice Lispector X-wing Rogue Squadron : Family Ties , a 1998 story arc in the comics series X-wing : Rogue Squadron Television episodes `` Family Ties '' ( Arrested Development ) `` Family Ties '' ( Bakugan Battle Brawlers : New Vestroia ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Bill ) `` Family Ties '' ( Blue Bloods ) `` Family Ties '' ( Crossing Jordan ) `` Family Ties '' ( Dangerous Minds ) `` Family Ties '' ( Farscape ) `` Family Ties '' ( NYPD Blue ) `` The Family Ties '' , The O.C. `` Family Ties '' ( Parental Guidance ) `` Family Ties '' ( Renegade ) `` Family Ties '' ( Stargate SG-1 ) `` Family Ties '' ( Stormworld ) `` Family Ties : Part I '' ( Third Watch ) `` Family Ties : Part II '' ( Third Watch ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Upper Hand ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Vampire Diaries ) `` Family Ties '' ( Whistler ) `` Family Ties '' ( X-Men )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f1e01ea636516b1e035b05016c0755", "text": "Monty (TV series) Monty is an American sitcom that aired on Fox from January 11 to February 15 , 1994 . The series starred Henry Winkler as Monty Richardson , a loud , obnoxious conservative TV commentator . Richardson had also written a best-selling book titled I 'm Right . I 'm Right . I 'm Right . Shut Up . The series also starred Tom McGowan as his executive producer and David Schwimmer as his left-leaning son . Monty hoped to capitalize on the same family dynamic that made the television show All in the Family a success in the 1970s . However , the show was canceled after six episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39e802faf5a1627b2245133f31c9d0ce", "text": "That's Life (1998 TV series) That 's Life is an American television sitcom that premiered March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series is about a blue-collar family living in Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46af923242529eb85c15e75453731c3e", "text": "List of The Middle characters The Middle is an American sitcom about a working-class family living in Indiana and facing the day-to-day struggles of home life , work , and raising children . The Middle premiered September 30 , 2009 , on the ABC network and is airing its eighth season as of 201617 . It features Everybody Loves Raymond star Patricia Heaton and Scrubs star Neil Flynn . Below is a list of characters central to the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43a0ab5a2662bf73620e313cabe6a84d", "text": "My Family (series 2) The second series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 31 August and 30 November 2001 . The second series was commissioned after good ratings from the first series . The opening episode , `` All Roads Lead To Ramon '' , re-introduces the five main characters from the first series , with the addition of Brian , played by Kevin Bishop , who appeared in nearly every episode in the series . All thirteen episodes in series two are thirty minutes in length . The series was produced by Rude Boy Productions , a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron . The series was filmed at Pinewood Studios in London , in front of a live audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df16298573023a45572f137e6d319eaa", "text": "Blindsided (Modern Family) `` Blindsided '' is the third episode of the eighth season of the American sitcom Modern Family . It aired on October 5 , 2016 on American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) . The episode is directed by Ryan Case and written by Stephen Levitan .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cd219075c8ef4a9a6f5f4277796a7a41", "text": "Henry VIII of England Henry VIII ( 28 June 1491 -- 28 January 1547 ) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death . Henry was the second Tudor monarch , succeeding his father , Henry VII . Henry is best known for his six marriages and , in particular , his efforts to have his first marriage , to Catherine of Aragon , annulled . His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation , separating the Church of England from papal authority and appointing himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England . Despite his resulting excommunication , Henry remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings . Domestically , Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution , ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England . Besides asserting the sovereign 's supremacy over the Church of England , he greatly expanded royal power during his reign . Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent , and those accused were often executed without a formal trial , by means of bills of attainder . He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers , some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour . Thomas Wolsey , Thomas More , Thomas Cromwell , Richard Rich , and Thomas Cranmer all figured prominently in Henry 's administration . He was an extravagant spender and used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert into royal revenue the money that was formerly paid to Rome . Despite the influx of money from these sources , Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin due to his personal extravagance as well as his numerous costly continental wars , particularly with Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V , as he sought to enforce his claim to the Kingdom of France . At home , he oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 and following the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 he was the first English monarch to rule as King of Ireland . His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive , educated , and accomplished king , and he has been described as `` one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne '' . He was an author and composer . As he aged , Henry became severely obese and his health suffered , contributing to his death in 1547 . He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful , egotistical , harsh , and insecure king . He was succeeded by his son Edward VI .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aab01e9e04c394d55253a80008cb0222", "text": "Irish Confederate Wars The Irish Confederate Wars , also called the Eleven Years ' War ( derived from the Irish language name Cogadh na hAon Bhliana Déag ) , took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653 . It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms -- a series of civil wars in the kingdoms of Ireland , England and Scotland ( all ruled by Charles I ) . The conflict in Ireland essentially started by pitting the native Irish Catholics against English and Scottish Protestant colonists and their supporters , and ended with Royalists , Irish Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians fighting the ultimate winners , the English Parliament . It was both a religious and an ethnic conflict -- fought over who would govern Ireland , whether it would be governed from England , which ethnic and religious group would own most of the land , and which religion would predominate in the country . It was the most destructive conflict in Irish history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3431ff779409c6a42b7f6db0898de72", "text": "Anglo-Scottish Wars The Anglo-Scottish Wars were a series of wars fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland following the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century , and ended by the Union of the Crowns in 1603 , wherein England and Scotland entered a personal union . After the Wars of Scottish Independence , England and Scotland fought several times during the 14th , 15th and 16th centuries . In most cases , one country attempted to take advantage of weakness or instability in the other . For example , James II of Scotland attempted to regain Berwick during the Wars of the Roses in England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af77b7e6c4d952eb18e58021ef1cc16", "text": "Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy . Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright . Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3124e026b6eb838591a0d6e708448eb7", "text": "Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle Charles Howard , 1st Earl of Carlisle ( 1629 -- 24 February 1685 ) was an English military leader and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660 and was created Earl of Carlisle in 1661 . Howard was the son and heir of Sir William Howard of Naworth in Cumberland , by Mary , daughter of William , Lord Eure , and great-grandson of Lord William Howard , `` Belted Will '' ( 1563 -- 1640 ) , the third son of Thomas Howard , 4th Duke of Norfolk . In 1645 he conformed to the Church of England and supported the government of the Commonwealth , being appointed High Sheriff of Cumberland in 1650 . He bought Carlisle Castle and became governor of the town . He distinguished himself at the Battle of Worcester on Cromwell 's side and made a member of the council of state in 1653 , chosen captain of the protector 's body-guard and selected to carry out various public duties . In 1653 he was nominated as Member of Parliament for the Four Northern Counties in the Barebones Parliament . He was elected MPP for Cumberland in 1654 . In 1655 Howard was given a regiment , was appointed a commissioner to try the northern rebels , and a deputy major-general of Cumberland , Westmorland and Northumberland . He was re-elected MP for Cumberland in 1656 . In 1657 he was included in Cromwell 's House of Lords and voted for the protector 's assumption of the royal title the same year . In 1659 he urged Richard Cromwell to defend his government by force against the army leaders , but his advice being refused he used his influence in favor of a restoration of the monarchy , and after Richard 's fall he was imprisoned . In April 1660 he sat again in parliament for Cumberland , and at the Restoration was made custos rotulorum and Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland and Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland . On 20 April 1661 Howard was created Baron Dacre of Gillesland , Viscount Howard of Morpeth , and Earl of Carlisle ; the same year he was made Vice-Admiral of Northumberland , Cumberland and Durham , and in 1662 joint commissioner for the office of Earl Marshal . In 1663 he was appointed ambassador to Russia , Sweden and Denmark , and in 1668 he carried the Garter to Charles XI of Sweden . In 1667 Howard was made lieutenant-general of the forces and joint commander-in-chief of the four northernmost counties . In 1672 he became one of the commissioners for the office of Lord Lieutenant of Durham , and in 1673 deputy earl marshal . He commanded a regiment in the fresh-raised Blackheath Army of 1673 , which was intended to see action against the Dutch . Following the Treaty of Westminster the regiment was disbanded . In 1678 he was appointed governor of Jamaica , and reappointed governor of Carlisle . He died in 1685 , and was buried in York Minster . He married Anne ( d. 1696 ) , daughter of Edward Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Escrick , by whom he had six children : Edward Howard , 2nd Earl of Carlisle ( c. 1646 -- 1692 ) Lady Katherine Howard ( 29 July 1662 -- March 1682 ) Hon. Frederick Christian Howard ( 5 November 1664 -- October 1684 ) , killed at the Siege of Luxembourg Hon. Charles Howard ( 5 September 1668 -- 3 April 1670 ) Lady Mary Howard ( d. 27 October 1708 ) , married Sir John Fenwick , 3rd Baronet Lady Anne Howard , married Richard Graham , 1st Viscount Preston Colonel Thomas Howard ( died 1678 ) , notorious for the 1662 duel where he left Henry Jermyn , 1st Baron Dover for dead ( they being rivals for the affections of Anna Talbot , Countess of Shrewsbury ) , was his younger brother . He was pardoned and soon afterwards married as her third husband Mary Stewart , Duchess of Richmond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d1b16d8172809d5fc03a4c79b43c70b", "text": "Aaron of Lincoln Aaron of Lincoln ( born at Lincoln , England , about 1125 , died 1186 ) was an English Jewish financier . He is believed to have been the wealthiest man in Norman England ; it is estimated that his wealth exceeded that of the King . He is first mentioned in the English pipe-roll of 1166 as creditor of King Henry II for sums amounting to # 616 12s 8d in nine of the English counties . He conducted his business through agents , and sometimes in conjunction with Isaac , fil Joce ; by these methods building up what was practically a great banking association that spread throughout England . He made a speciality of money lending for the purpose of building abbeys and monasteries . Among those built were the Abbey of St. Albans , Lincoln Minster , Peterborough Cathedral , and no fewer than nine Cistercian abbeys . They were all founded between 1140 and 1152 , and at Aaron 's death remained indebted to him in no less a sum than 6,400 marks . Some of these debts may , however , have been incurred by the abbeys in order to acquire lands pledged to Aaron . Thus the abbot of Meaux took over from Aaron lands pledged to the latter in the sum of 1,800 marks ; Aaron at the same time promising to commute the debt for a new one of only 1,260 marks , which was paid off by the abbey . After Aaron 's death the original deed for 1,800 marks was brought to light , and the king 's treasury demanded from the abbey the missing 540 marks . This incident indicates how , on the one hand , Aaron 's activity enabled the abbeys to get possession of the lands belonging to the smaller barons , and , on the other , how his death brought the abbeys into the king 's power . Aaron not only advanced money on land , but also on corn , armour , and houses , and in this way acquired an interest in properties scattered through the eastern and southern counties of England . By the time he died , in 1186 , he was perhaps the richest man in Britain , his wealth possibly exceeding the king 's . Upon his death Henry II seized his property as the escheat of a Jewish usurer , and the English crown thus became universal heir to his estate . The actual cash treasure accumulated by Aaron was sent over to France to assist Henry in his war with Philip Augustus , but the vessel containing it went down on the voyage between Shoreham and Dieppe . However , the indebtedness of the smaller barons and knights remained , and fell into the hands of the king to the amount of # 15,000 , owed by some 430 persons distributed over the English counties . So large was the amount that a separate division of the exchequer was constituted , entitled `` Aaron 's Exchequer '' ( Madox , History of the Exchequer , folio ed. , p. 745 ) , and was continued till at least 1201 , that is , fifteen years later , for on the pipe-roll of that year most of the debts to Aaron ( about # 7,500 ) are recorded as still outstanding to the king , showing that only half the debts had been paid over by that time , though , on the death of Aaron , the payment of interest ceased automatically , since the king , as a Christian , could not accept usury . In 1190 , Richard de Malbis ( Richard Malebisse ) , a debtor of Aaron of Lincoln , led an attack on the family of Aaron 's late agent in York that resulted in the death of the entire Jewish community , some 150 men , women , and children , at York Castle . A house sometimes associated with Aaron of Lincoln still stands , also known as Norman House , and is probably the oldest private stone dwelling in England the date of which can be fixed with precision ( before 1186 ) . While the house is associated with a Jewish banker , and historically known as `` Aaron the Jew 's house '' , it is not known whether the house actually had any association with Aaron of Lincoln . Originally the house had no windows on the ground floor -- an omission probably intended to increase the facilities for protection or defence . What makes Aaron significant is that his career illustrates the manner in which the medieval Jewish communities could be organised into a banking association reaching throughout an entire country . Still , the ultimate fate of the wealth thus acquired shows that , in the last resort , the state obtained the chief benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "854d3456c113f0998d28d2f5fa59363c", "text": "First English Civil War The First English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1646 ) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War ( or `` Wars '' ) . `` The English Civil War '' was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 , and includes the Second English Civil War ( 1648 -- 1649 ) and the Third English Civil War ( 1649 -- 1651 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fde5ddcc4b4c2224353528f242a3397", "text": "The Battlefields of England The Battlefields of England was a work of non-fiction by A. H. Burne first published in 1950 by Methuen . A sequel , More Battlefield of England , followed in 1952 . In 1996 the two works were combined under `` The Battlefields of England '' title . The book explores battlefields in respect of the following battles : Caradoc 's Last Fight AD 51 The Battle of Mount Badon AD 500 The Battle of Deorham AD 577 Wansdyke and the Battle of Ellandun AD 825 The Battle of Ashdown 8 January 871 The Battle of Ethandun AD 878 The Battle of Brunanburh AD 937 The Battle of Maldon August 991 The Battle of Assingdon 18 October 1016 The Battle of Stamford Bridge 25 September 1066 The Battle of Hastings 14 October 1066 The Battle of the Standard , or Northallerton : 22 August 1138 The Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264 ) The Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265 ) The Battle of Neville 's Cross 17 October 1346 The Battle of Otterburn 19 August 1388 The Battle of Shrewsbury 21 July 1403 The First Battle of St. Albans 22 May 1455 The Battle of Blore Heath 23 September 1459 The Second Battle of St. Albans 17 February The Battle of Towton 29 March 1461 The Battle of Barnet 14 April 1471 The Battle of Tewkesbury 14 May 1471 The Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485 The Battle of Stoke Field 16 June 1487 The Battle of Flodden 9 September 1513 The Battle of Edgehill 22 October 1642 The Battle of Lansdown 5 July 1643 The Battle of Roundway Down 13 July 1643 The First Battle of Newbury 20 October 1643 The Battle of Cheriton 29 March 1644 The Battle of Marston Moor 2 July 1644 The Second Battle of Newbury 28 October 1644 The Battle of Naseby 14 June 1645 The Battle of Langport 10 July 1645 The Battle of Worcester 3 September 1651 The Battle of Sedgemoor 6 July 1685", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c0fb33144bf6111219f8debcea388b", "text": "Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted colonial trade to England . They were first enacted in 1651 and throughout that time until 1663 , and were repealed in 1849 . They reflected the policy of mercantilism , which sought to keep all the benefits of trade inside the Empire , and to minimize the loss of gold and silver to foreigners . They prohibited the colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands , Spain , France , and their colonies . The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 , 1663 , 1670 , and 1673 , with subsequent minor amendments . The Acts formed the basis for English overseas trade for nearly 200 years . Additionally the Acts restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships . The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years ' War , and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish embargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic . The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade . Within a few years , English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade in the Iberian Peninsula , the Mediterranean and the Levant . Even the trade with English colonies ( partly still in the hands of the royalists , as the English Civil War was in its final stages and the Commonwealth of England had not yet imposed its authority throughout the English colonies ) was `` engrossed '' by Dutch merchants . English direct trade was crowded out by a sudden influx of commodities from the Levant , Mediterranean and the Spanish and Portuguese empires , and the West Indies via the Dutch Entrepôt , carried in Dutch ships and for Dutch account . The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports . A precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England , except in ships owned by that company . This principle was now generalised . In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods '' ... from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth . '' Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus . In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State of the Commonwealth prepared a general policy designed to impede the flow of Mediterranean and colonial commodities via Holland and Zeeland into England . On the whole , the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed , except for the Molasses Act of 1733 , which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s . Stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment of Great Britain by merchants in the American colonies . This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution in the late 18th century , even though the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the `` costs imposed on -LSB- American -RSB- colonists by the trade restrictions of the Navigation Acts were small . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298e7e2abb9c3ac5a2efe85795916333", "text": "Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 . The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London . The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bc7fbefc48531de84eb8c3930732e8f", "text": "Battle of the Holme The Battle of the Holme took place in East Anglia on 13 December 902 between the Anglo-Saxon men of Kent and the East Anglian Danes . Its location is unknown but may have been Holme in Huntingdonshire ( now part of Cambridgeshire ) . Following the death of Alfred the Great in 899 , his son Edward the Elder became king , but his cousin Æthelwold , the son of Alfred 's elder brother , King Æthelred , claimed the throne . His bid was unsuccessful , and he fled to the Northumbrian Danes , who , according to one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , accepted him as king . In 902 Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Mercia and north Wessex . Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and the Danish army was forced to return to defend its own territory . Edward then retreated , but the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire , and they met the Danes at the battle of the Holme . The course of the battle is unknown , but the Danes appear to have won as according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle they `` kept the place of slaughter '' . However , they suffered heavy losses including Æthelwold , Eohric , probably the Danish king of East Anglia , Brihtsige , son of the ætheling Beornoth , and two holds , Ysopa and Oscetel . The battle thus ended Æthelwold 's Revolt . Kentish losses included Sigehelm , father of Edward the Elder 's third wife , Eadgifu of Kent . The West Saxon chronicler who gave the fullest account of the battle was at pains to explain why Edward and the rest of the English were not present , as if this had been a subject of criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad7ab1027ccd61d81a5c662580f9ab5", "text": "Ralph fitzStephen Ralph fitzStephen ( sometimes Ralf fitzStephen ; died either 25 July 1202 or c. 1204 ) was an English nobleman and royal official . Ralph had brothers named William fitzStephen , and Eustace . They were probably the sons of Stephen the chamberlain , who is mentioned as a royal chamberlain in the pipe roll for 1156 -- 57 . Ralph was a royal chamberlain for King Henry II of England and King Richard I of England , serving in that office until at least 1191 . His work would have involved not just household duties , but the financial aspects of the office , both accepting monies owed to the royal household and paying salaries and other expenses of the king 's chamber . In 1170 he was appointed as one of the `` tutors '' to the eldest living son of the king , Henry . Ralph was a frequent witness on royal charters , and during the last years of Henry 's reign was also responsible for the maintenance of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine , who was incarcerated in house arrest by the king . Ralph was Sheriff of Gloucestershire , from 1171 to 1175 , succeeded by his brother William . Ralph served as a royal justice for the southwest in 1176 and continued as a justice in other counties until 1190 . He assessed the tallage , a tax , from 1176 to 1190 also . In 1184 , Henry II summoned Ralph as a Serjeant-at-law , one of the first identifiable members of that order in the historical record . King Henry gave Ralph the manors of Wapley and Winterbourne in Gloucestershire . In the feudal inquest of 1166 , Ralph listed him as holding half a knight 's fee at the honour of Totnes , one fee from the bishop of Exeter , and two fees at Crich in Derbyshire that were part of Hubert fitzRalph 's honour there . At some point , he held a fee at Blackwell , Derbyshire from Robert fitzRandulf , as he gave that fee as a marriage portion to his niece Idonea when she married William fitzRandulf . Sometime between 1186 and 1190 , Ralph granted a third of a knight 's fee at Potterspury in Northamptonshire to Geoffrey fitzPeter , another royal official . Ralph married Maud or Matilda , the daughter of Robert de Calz . According to the historian Katharine Keats-Rohan , the marriage took place sometime before 1177 , as on that date he was given the forestership of Sherwood Forest which had been held by Robert de Calz . But Julia Boorman in Ralph 's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says the marriage occurred around 1184 or 1185 . Ralph controlled Sherwood Forest until 1197 , as well as Chippenham Forest in Wiltshire from 1176 to 1190 . Ralph may be the same as the Ralph fitzStephen who was given custody of Guildford Castle in Surrey in 1192 and 1193 . According to Keats-Rohan , Ralph died around 1204 and had no issue from his marriage . Boorman , however , states he died on 25 July 1202 . According to Keats-Rohan , Maud/Matilda married Adam fitzPeter of Birkin after Ralph 's death , but Boorman says that Maud/Matilda was the widow of fitzPeter when she married Ralph . Ralph gave gifts to Haverholme Priory , Darley Abbey , Gloucester Abbey , and Stanley Abbey . In 1225 the king recognized Richard of Gloucester as Ralph 's nearest heir and confirmed his custody of Winterbourne . Boorman speculates that Richard might have been Ralph 's son by a previous marriage before Maud/Matilda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "306cb1322ba8603d4699ada265555fb7", "text": "Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke Robert Greville , 2nd Baron Brooke ( May 1607 -- 2 March 1643 ) was an English Civil War Roundhead General . Greville was the cousin and adopted son of Fulke Greville , 1st Baron Brooke , and thus became the second Lord Brooke , and owner of Warwick Castle . He was born in 1607 , and entered parliament for Warwick in 1628 . He attended parliament and took part in some debates , but an investigation took place into his election for Warwick , and it was voided on 31 May 1628 . Before a by-election could take place , Greville 's adopted father died , on 30 September 1628 , and Robert succeeded to the peerage that year , and thereafter was able to sit in the House of Lords . He was involved in the foundation of Saybrooke in Connecticut . Greville was imprisoned by Charles I at York in 1639 for refusing to take the oath to fight for the king , and soon became an active member of the parliamentary party ; taking part in the Civil War he defeated the Royalists in a skirmish at Kineton in August 1642 . During the Civil War , he commanded Parliament forces in Warwickshire and Staffordshire and was looked on by many as the Earl of Essex 's eventual successor . In 1642 he gained the victory of Kineton . He took Stratford-upon-Avon in February , 1643 and was killed shortly afterwards besieging Lichfield Cathedral on 2 March . Greville was reportedly shot by a sniper ( a concealed person who fired at Greville with a rifle ) and many consider him to be the first recorded victim of sniper fire . Brooke was eulogized as a friend of toleration by John Milton . He wrote on philosophical , theological and current political topics . The Cambridge History of English and American Literature said of Greville , : He was an ardent puritan , and , in 1641 , wrote A Discourse opening the nature of that Episcopacie which is exercised in England , aimed at the political power of the bishops . In the same year was published his philosophical work The Nature of Truth . In this work , he refuses to distinguish between philosophy and theology . `` What is true philosophy but divinity ? '' he asks , `` and if it be not true , it is not philosophy . '' Greville married Lady Catherine Russell , daughter of Francis Russell , 4th Earl of Bedford and Hon. Catherine Brydges , circa 1630 . They had three children : Francis Greville , 3rd Baron Brooke Robert Greville , 4th Baron Brooke Fulke Greville , 5th Baron Brooke ( d. 22 October 1710 ) , father of Algernon Greville ( MP ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8c09f6b067a17dcf372a25bae50619", "text": "Crisis of the Late Middle Ages The crisis of the Late Middle Ages refers to a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt . Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society : demographic collapse , political instabilities and religious upheavals . A series of famines and plagues , beginning with the Great Famine of 1315 -- 17 and especially the Black Death of 1348 , reduced the population perhaps by half or more as the Medieval Warm Period came to a close and the first century of the Little Ice Age began . Popular revolts in late medieval Europe and civil wars between nobles within countries such as the Wars of the Roses were common -- with France fighting internally nine times -- and there were international conflicts between kings such as France and England in the Hundred Years ' War . The unity of the Roman Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism . The Holy Roman Empire was also in decline ; in the aftermath of the Great Interregnum ( 1247 -- 1273 ) , the Empire lost cohesion and politically the separate dynasties of the various German states became more important than their common empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8f439da72c8fe00aa94f21d65362b7c", "text": "Anglo-French War Anglo-French War may refer to any war fought between England ( and after 1707 , Britain ) and France , including : Anglo-French War ( 1202 -- 04 ) - French invasion of Normandy . Anglo-French War ( 1213 -- 14 ) -- rivalry between the Capetian dynasty and the House of Plantagenet , ended by the French Victory at the Battle of Bouvines . French invasion of England ( 1215-1217 ) - Part of the First Barons War . Saintonge War ( 1242 -- 43 ) - Ended in a French Victory at the Battle of Taillebourg . Anglo-French War ( 1294 -- 98 and 1300-03 ) -- conflict which revolved around Gascony and ended by the Treaty of Paris ( 1303 ) . Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) Anglo-French War ( 1496 -- 98 ) - part of the Italian War of 1494 -- 98 Anglo-French War ( 1512 -- 14 ) -- part of the War of the League of Cambrai Anglo-French War ( 1522 -- 26 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1521 -- 26 Anglo-French War ( 1542 -- 46 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1542 -- 46 Anglo-French War ( 1557 -- 59 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1551 -- 59 Anglo-French War ( 1627 -- 29 ) -- part of the Huguenot rebellions Anglo-French War ( 1666 -- 67 ) -- a minor corollary of the Second Anglo-Dutch War Anglo-French War ( 1689 -- 97 ) -- part of the Nine Years ' War Anglo-French War ( 1702 -- 13 ) -- part of the War of the Spanish Succession Anglo-French War ( 1744 -- 48 ) -- part of the War of the Austrian Succession Anglo-French War ( 1756 -- 63 ) -- part of the Seven Years ' War Anglo-French War ( 1778 -- 83 ) -- French Victory ; Tobago , Senegal and territories in India acquired by France . Linked to the American Revolutionary War Anglo-French War ( 1793 -- 1802 ) -- part of the French Revolutionary Wars Anglo-French War ( 1803 -- 14 ) -- part of the Napoleonic Wars , including the Peninsular War Anglo-French War ( 1815 ) -- part of the Napoleonic Wars , the Waterloo Campaign", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "496d036bc56ec44a1ddd920b747a17b9", "text": "Islam Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) . Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam . Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3606e22799291aceb28b7c428aedfc8f", "text": "Ahmadiyya in Australia Ahmadiyya is an Islamic movement in Australia , first formally founded in the country in the 1980s , during the era of the fourth caliph . However , the history of the Community dates back to the early 20th century , during the lifetime of the founder of the movement , Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , with the first contacts arising as a consequence of Australians travelling to British India , and also as a consequence of early , `` Afghan '' camel drivers settling in Australia during the mid to late 19th century . Today there are at least four mosques , in four of the six Australian states , representing an estimated 3,000 Australian Ahmadi Muslims in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea585ef60ef268227fe9497a4433d6c", "text": "Christian population growth Christian population growth is the population growth of the global Christian community . According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey , there were 2.19 billion Christians around the world in 2010 , more than three times as much from the 600 million recorded in 1910 . According to a 2015 Pew Research Center study , by 2050 , the Christian population is expected to be 2.9 billion . Protestantism is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world . From 1960 to 2000 , the global growth of the number of reported Evangelical Protestants grew three times the world 's population rate , and twice that of Islam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be306f9ad85a563c50eca5a75e705826", "text": "Dar al-Islam Dar al-Islam ( دار الإسلام , literally '' ) Dar al-Islam , one of the divisions of the world in Islam Dar es Salaam , the largest city in Tanzania Dar al-Islam ( organisation ) , a small non-profit organisation in New Mexico , USA Dar al-Islam ( magazine ) , a French-language magazine published by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d19e9227b9a22dd7560294eb1087f4", "text": "National Islamic Front The National Islamic Front ( الجبهة الإسلامية القومية transliterated : al-Jabhah al-Islamiyah al-Qawmiyah ) was an Islamist political organization founded in 1976 and led by Dr. Hassan al-Turabi that influenced the Sudanese government starting in 1979 , and dominated it from 1989 to the late 1990s . It was one of only two Islamic revival movements to secure political power in the 20th century ( the other being the followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in the Islamic Republic of Iran ) . The NIF emerged from Muslim student groups that first began organizing in the universities during the 1940s , and its main support base has remained the college educated . It supported the maintenance of an Islamic state run on sharia and rejected the concept of a secular state . It took a `` top down '' or `` Islamisation from above '' approach of `` infiltrating Sudan 's state apparatus , army , and financial system '' . It demonstrated itself to be both politically adept and ruthless in its use of violence , in particular in the internal conflicts of the Second Sudanese Civil War and the Darfur conflict , as well in the provisioning of proxy forces such as the Lord 's Resistance Army , West Nile Bank Front and Uganda National Rescue Front II against Uganda . In the late 1990s , the Front changed its name to National Congress , and the `` gross human rights violations '' of the regime 's early years gave way to `` more subtle methods of social control such as restrictions on the right to freedom of expression , opinion , religion , association , and movement . '' In 1999 al-Turabi and his supporters were expelled from the Congress by Sudan 's ruler Omar Hassan al-Bashir , and subsequently founded the rival Popular Congress Party which has remained in opposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a540bb1faa31e05df879e6f5aa58906", "text": "Early Islamic philosophy Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar ( early 9th century CE ) and lasting until the 6th century AH ( late 12th century CE ) . The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age , and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science ; for Renaissance Europe , the influence represented `` one of the largest technology transfers in world history . '' . This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) at the end of 12th century . The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries , namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa , though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries , in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish : Avicennism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , and Transcendent theosophy . Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation , the isnad or `` backing '' ; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims , the ijtihad , which could be generally applied to many types of questions ( although which to apply it to is an ethical question ) ; the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process ; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality , and that moral choices are prior to any investigation or concern with either ; the separation of theology ( kalam ) and law ( shariah ) during the early Abbasid period , a precursor to secularism ; the distinction between religion and philosophy , marking the beginning of secular thought ; the beginning of a peer review process ; early ideas on evolution ; the beginnings of the scientific method , an important contribution to the philosophy of science ; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic ; the beginning of social philosophy , including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict ; the beginning of the philosophy of history ; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa ; and distinguishing between essence and existence . Saadia Gaon , David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas , Maimonides , and Thomas Aquinas , were influenced by the Mutazilite work , particularly Avicennism and Averroism , and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek , Jewish , Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century , and taken during the Reconquista in 1492 . Early Islamic philosophy can be divided into clear sets of influences , branches , schools , and fields , as described below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fb4113d7413929c579331a33e3c97c", "text": "Religion in Sweden Lutheran Christianity is officially the largest religion in Sweden , with 6.1 million Swedish citizens being members of the Church of Sweden . The high membership figure is mainly due to the fact that until 1996 all newborn children with at least one parent being a member of the church were also made members . Other Christian Churches include the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden , practiced by 5 % of the population . The rest of the population are either irreligious or members of other religious groups . Sweden was Christianized from Norse paganism during a long period , not final until the 1130s . Since the 16th century , Sweden has been predominantly Lutheran . From the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s until 2000 , the Lutheran Church of Sweden ( Svenska kyrkan ) was the state church . As of 2016 , 61.2 % of Swedish citizens are members of the Church of Sweden , compared to over 95 % in 1970 , and 83 % in 2000 . Despite that , religion in Sweden plays a limited role compared to the European average , and even many church members participate in religious activities for only cultural reasons , and do not believe in Christianity . Atheism and agnosticism are widespread in Swedish society . In a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010 , just 18 % of Swedish citizens responded that `` they believe there is a god '' , although a further 45 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 17 % answered yes to the question `` Is religion an important part of your daily life ? '' . A survey found that only 15 % of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus , while another 15 % identified as atheists , and a quarter as agnostic . Less than 4 % of the Church of Sweden membership attends public worship during an average week ; about 2 % are regular attendees . Some scholars consider the nation to be a place where religion is regarded with `` benign indifference '' . The history of the Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the 17th century , and there are about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden today , of whom about 7,000 belong to a Jewish religious congregation . Because of immigration in the latter part of the 20th century , there is today a sizeable minority of Muslims ( 5 % of population ) and Roman Catholics ( 2 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d83ea9aec42cd100a7db5a55d39a487c", "text": "Entry by troops Entry by troops is a term that developed in the Bahá ' í Faith to describe a process of expansion when the Faith would emerge from relative obscurity , and masses of people would become Bahá ' ís . It is not meant to suggest militancy - the word `` troops '' is used for its secondary meaning of `` large groups of people '' . The term first appeared in Bahá ` u 'll áh 's Suriy-i-Haykal . The Bahá ' í Faith currently claims at least 6 million members , in almost every country of the world . It is the second most widespread , behind Christianity , and ranks among the fastest growing in many parts of the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2af45b9db4f072fb6a778b0247f207dd", "text": "Religion in Pakistan The state religion in Pakistan is Islam , which is practiced by about 95 -- 98 % of the 195,343,000 people of the nation . The remaining 2 -- 5 % practice Christianity , Hinduism and other religions . Muslims are divided into the following sects : the majority of them practice Sunni Islam , while 5 -- 20 % are Shias and 0.22 % -2.2 % are Ahmadi . Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi Fiqh Islamic law school . The majority of Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā ` Ashariyyah Islamic law school , with significant minority groups who practice Ismailism , which is composed of Nizari ( Aga Khanis ) , Mustaali , Dawoodi Bohra , Sulaymani , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f86ae52130d5483bb674a70f3c73d", "text": "Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there . The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun . Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' . Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057dc19851baca6fc2ee45da309aa116", "text": "Hanbali The Hanbali school is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) . It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( d. 855 ) , and was institutionalized by his students . The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools , the others being the Hanafi , Maliki and Shafi`i . Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran , the Hadiths ( sayings and customs of Muhammad ) , and the views of Sahabah ( Muhammad 's companions ) . In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam , the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law , a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept . Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam . It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar , where it is the official fiqh . Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in four emirates of UAE ( Sharjah , Umm al-Quwain , Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman ) . Large minorities of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain , Oman and Yemen and within Iraqi and Jordanian bedouins . The Hanbali school experienced a reformation in the Wahhabi-Salafist movement . Historically the school was small ; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation around the world by way of their interpretation of the school 's teachings . As a result of this , the school 's name has become a controversial one in certain quarters of the Islamic world due to the influence he is believed by some to have had upon these teachings , which cites Ibn Hanbal as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah . However , it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal 's own beliefs actually played `` no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism , '' as there is evidence , according to the same authors , that `` the older Hanbalite authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis , '' rich as medieval Hanbali literature is in references to saints , grave visitation , miracles , and relics . Historically , the Hanbali school was treated as simply another valid interpretation of Islamic law , and many prominent medieval Sufis , such as Abdul Qadir Jilani , were Hanbali jurists and mystics at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c63a63a5d9bf44e0a4b2fc277fe833", "text": "Historiography of early Islam The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century , from Muhammad 's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661 , and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate , terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc870fcae6adbfeed2b1db8e2c02f7a", "text": "Izala Society Izala Society , formally Jama'at Izalat al Bid ' a Wa Iqamat as Sunna ( Society of Removal of Innovation and Re-establishment of the Sunna ) , also called JIBWIS , is an Islamic movement originally established in Northern Nigeria to fight what it sees as the bid ' a , ( innovation ) , practiced by the Sufi brotherhoods . It is one of the largest Islamic societies in Nigeria , Chad , Niger , and Cameroon . Izala was established 1978 in Jos , Nigeria by Sheikh Ismaila Idris ( 1937-2000 ) , `` in reaction to the Sufi brotherhoods '' , specifically the Qadiri and Tijan Sufi orders . According to Ramzi Amara , Today the Izala is one of the largest Islamic societies not only in Northern Nigeria , but also in the South and even in the neighbouring countries ( Chad , Niger , and Cameroon ) . It is very active in Da ` wa ( propagation of the faith ) and especially in education . The Izala has many institutions all over the country and is influential at the local , state , and even federal levels . The group has been called a salafist organization `` that embraces a legalist and scripture centered understanding of Islam '' . David Commins has described it as the fruit of missionary work by the Saudi Arabian funded and led World Muslim League . `` Essential texts '' for members of the Izala Society are `` Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 's treatise of God 's unity and commentaries by his grandsons '' . Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was the founder of the Wahhabi mission , the official Islamic interpretation of Saudi Arabia . He saw Sufism as rife with idolatry ( shirk ) . The Izala Society has been labeled as infidels by Islamist group Boko Haram , due to their willingness to work with the Nigerian government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb48d25cb72012d6067cf93c010627e", "text": "Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament . According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53310c9f579c8f595c7ceed70b41d1e2", "text": "1st millennium The first millennium was a period of time that began on January 1 , AD 1 , and ended on December 31 , AD 1000 , of the Julian calendar . It was the first period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era . In Europe and the Mediterranean , the first millennium was a time of great transition . The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire , followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity , the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations . The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe , and marked by the Viking expansion in the west , the rise of the Byzantine Empire in the east , and by the Islamic conquests throughout the Near East , North Africa and the Iberian peninsula , culminating in the Islamic Golden Age ( 700 -- 1200 AD ) . In Arabia , in the mid-7th century , a man called Muhammad became the leader and the final prophet of Islam . After his death , his companions extended the religion . In East Asia , the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances , notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia . In China , the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . In Japan , a sharp increase in population followed when farmers ' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields . The Yamato court was established . In South Asia , the Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium , until the formation of the Gupta Empire . In Mesoamerica , the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era ( 200 -- 900 AD ) . Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica . In South America , pre-Incan , coastal cultures flourished , producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world . In North America , the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys . Numerous cities were built ; Cahokia , the largest , was based in present-day Illinois , and may have had 30,000 residents at its peak about 1250 AD . The circumference of the 10-story-high Monks Mound at Cahokia was larger than that of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan or the Great Pyramid in Egypt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c83c0e07880a171e45efa7d10d1a0cc", "text": "Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e1f8174298d4a836aa64d22ac51b23", "text": "Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' . As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East . The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations . In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7bef75a50c108845a76efa1dd03edf", "text": "Mirza Tahir Ahmad Mirza Tahir Ahmad ( -LSB- ) ( 18 December 1928 -- 19 April 2003 ) was Khalifatul Masih IV ( خليفة المسيح الرابع , khalīfatul masīh al-rābi ) and the head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community . He was elected as the fourth successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 10 June 1982 , the day after the death of his predecessor , Mirza Nasir Ahmad . Following the Ordinance XX that was promulgated by the government of Pakistan in 1984 , which prohibited Ahmadi Muslims from any public expression of the Islamic faith , Tahir Ahmad left Pakistan and migrated to London , England , provisionally moving the headquarters of the community to the Fazl Mosque in London . He is noted particularly for his question and answer sessions which he held regularly with people from around the world and for his Quranic discourses . Under his leadership , there was an acceleration in the number of Quran translations produced by the community ; and during his caliphate , the community experienced structural and financial growth on an international level , including the launch of the first Muslim satellite television network , Muslim Television Ahmadiyya in 1994 through which he could communicate televised messages to the community globally and have his sermons and other public engagements transmitted throughout the world through this medium . Tahir Ahmad also authored many books including , Some Distinctive Features of Islam ; Christianity : a Journey From Facts to Fiction ; Murder in the name of Allah , and his magnum opus Revelation , Rationality , Knowledge & Truth . He initiated various funds for humanitarian causes such as the Maryam Shaadi Fund , used to assist deserving parents in marrying off their daughters , the Sayyidna Bilal Fund , for the welfare and upkeep of the families of martyrs who have been killed in the cause of the community and the Yatama Fund to provide financial assistance to orphans especially in Africa , India and Bangladesh . In 1994 , he also initiated the international charity organization Humanity First .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0c5892fec0693a1570892b034f4e6f02", "text": "Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) Teen Wolf is an American television series developed by Jeff Davis for MTV . It is loosely based on the 1985 film of the same name , and stars Tyler Posey as a teenager named Scott McCall , who is bitten by a werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him , and Dylan O'Brien as `` Stiles '' Stilinski , Scott 's best friend . The series has received generally positive reviews from critics and is a fan favorite on social media . Teen Wolf premiered on June 5 , 2011 , following the 2011 MTV Movie Awards . On July 9 , 2015 , Teen Wolf was renewed for a sixth season of 20 episodes , which premiered on November 15 , 2016 . On July 21 , 2016 , the cast announced at Comic Con that the sixth season would be the series ' final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6cdcb52cb8dce0f08f3674910375480", "text": "Teen Wolf Teen Wolf is a 1985 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Rod Daniel and written by Jeph Loeb and Matthew Weisman . The film stars Michael J. Fox as a high school student who discovers that his family has an unusual pedigree when he finds himself transforming into a werewolf .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf01cfc6d09f903849cb9fd70ab409b", "text": "Wolfe Video Wolfe Video is the oldest and largest exclusive distributor of LGBT films in North America . Founded in 1985 in New Almaden by Kathy Wolfe , the company began as a consumer mail order distribution company for lesbian VHS videos but has evolved over the years to become a full-service distributor of LGBT films . Wolfe releases LGBT films on DVD in North America as well as doing film festival bookings , foreign sales , US digital delivery , and broadcast sales for its library of more than one hundred feature films and dozens of shorts and documentaries . Notable Wolfe releases over the years include the film Big Eden , the 20th Anniversary DVD release of Desert Hearts , Were the World Mine , and Thom Fitzgerald 's AIDS drama 3 Needles . Significant Wolfe DVD releases in recent years include the Sundance Film Festival award-winner Undertow , the acclaimed French drama Tomboy , the multiple award-winner Gayby , and Swedish lesbian romance Kiss Me ( With Every Heartbeat ) . Wolfe has also released two films by the writer and director Stephen Cone , including The Wise Kids and Henry Gamble 's Birthday Party . In June 2012 the company launched a new worldwide LGBT movie-watching platform , WolfeOnDemand . In 2015 , Wolfe Video donated its complete library of lesbian movies to the June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1feb0ae158aa48c4f791a10e3d36b2", "text": "Sylvester (film) Sylvester is a 1985 American family drama film directed by Tim Hunter and starring Richard Farnsworth and Melissa Gilbert . The movie was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07331940ff1d6b8a7a9919112fa748d2", "text": "American Teen (film) American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein ( On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture ) and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 . Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7625b9ce7ae12d50dee22baeaf2f5294", "text": "Fox hunting Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking , chase and , if caught , the killing of a fox , traditionally a red fox , by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds , and a group of unarmed followers led by a `` master of foxhounds '' ( `` master of hounds '' ) , who follow the hounds on foot or on horseback . Fox hunting with hounds , as a formalised activity , originated in England in the sixteenth century , in a form very similar to that practised until 2005 , when the traditional form was made unlawful in England and Wales . A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002 , but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other countries , including : Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , Italy , and the United States . In Australia , the term also refers to the hunting of foxes with firearms , similar to deer hunting or spotlighting . In much of the world , hunting in general is understood to relate to any game animals or weapons ( e.g. , deer hunting with bow and arrow ) ; in Britain and Ireland , `` hunting '' without qualification implies fox hunting ( or other forms of hunting with hounds -- beagling , drag hunting , hunting the clean boot , mink hunting , or stag hunting ) , as described here . This sport is controversial , particularly in the UK , where its traditional form was banned in Scotland in 2002 , and in England and Wales in November 2004 ( law enforced from February 2005 ) , although certain modified forms of hunting foxes with hounds are still within the law , and shooting foxes as vermin also remains lawful . Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture , and useful for reasons of conservation and pest control , while opponents argue that it is cruel and unnecessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "821035cead0e4d7becad6fe6d5f8d13d", "text": "Frankie Muniz Francisco `` Frankie '' Muñiz IV ( born December 5 , 1985 ) is an American actor , musician , writer , producer , race car driver , and band manager . In the early-to-mid 2000s , he garnered fame as the star of the Fox television family sitcom Malcolm in the Middle , which earned him an Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations . In 2003 , he was considered `` one of Hollywood 's most bankable teens . '' In 2008 , he put his acting career on hold to pursue an open wheel racing career . He competed in the Atlantic Championship . In 2012 , he joined the band Kingsfoil as a drummer ; however , he left the band in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcee6a2b36a194326948982328e4421b", "text": "The Adventures of a Two-Minute Werewolf The Adventures of a Two-Minute Werewolf , also called The Adventures of a 2-Minute Werewolf is a 1985 television film produced by ABC television as part of its ABC Weekend Special series ( an after school special ) . It is based on the young adult novel of the same name by Gene DeWeese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439a58a3f98129599a7e2fcecd747779", "text": "Mythology of Teen Wolf The mythology of the MTV supernatural action drama series Teen Wolf follows a teenager named Scott McCall ( Tyler Posey ) , who is bitten by an Alpha werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him and Dylan O'Brien as `` Stiles '' Stilinski , Scott 's best friend . Most mythological elements in Teen Wolf relate to supernatural creatures and draws heavily from Greek mythology , Norse mythology , Japanese mythology , Aztec mythology , Native American beliefs and Celtic herbalism . The show has created its own unique mythos centered around shapeshifters and their connections to one-another throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049a8a4675cbf07e952a1b7a6f125767", "text": "Huckleberry Fox George Fox , better known as Huckleberry Fox ( 1974 ) , is an American actor who performed in Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . and the Disney film The Blue Yonder ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b10faf65f39752918e7ebe0096b4464", "text": "Alpha (The X-Files) `` Alpha '' is the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network on March 28 , 1999 in the United States . The episode was written by Jeffrey Bell , and directed by Peter Markle . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Alpha '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1 , being watched by 17.7 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly negative reviews from critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate several killings blamed on an Asian dog called the Wanshang Dhole , thought to be extinct . Mulder and Scully join an obstinate Sheriff , a seemingly eccentric hunter , and a reclusive canine expert to find it . However , there is more mystery to the expert than meets the eye . `` Alpha '' was based on a single motif -- `` Scary dogs in the City '' -- written by Jeffrey Bell onto a notecard . The episode went through several drafts before being readied right before filming began . Several of the scenes featuring the Chinese freighter were created either through digital technology or through the combination of matte paintings and actual filmed footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a8c2cb01d046f57a7f2d3da2d83b609", "text": "The Wolf The Wolf may refer to : In film : The Wolf ( film ) , a 2004 film directed by Miguel Courtois Winston Wolf , a fictional character played by Harvey Keitel in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction In music : The Wolf ( Andrew W.K. album ) The Wolf ( Shooter Jennings album ) `` The Wolf '' ( Mumford & Sons song ) `` The Wolf '' , a song by The Banner from Frailty `` The Wolf '' , a song by Motörhead from Rock 'n' Roll `` The Wolf '' , a song by Fever Ray `` The Wolf '' , a song by Eddie Vedder from Into the Wild `` The Wolf '' , a song by Phildel from The Disappearance of the Girl In literature : The Wolf ( magazine ) , an independent literary magazine based in the UK . In radio :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31305df864419575b5fd70f08701414", "text": "Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5149c0a02e730ec3414f2c6a48fb31af", "text": "The Long Hot Summer (1985 film) The Long Hot Summer is a 1985 television film starring Don Johnson . It is a remake of the 1958 film of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b5c95811fc6d563a6c38826694957d", "text": "Next Summer Next Summer ( L'été prochain ) is a 1985 French drama film directed by Nadine Trintignant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9c1011eba39e4e58025d15e5fc4e1c1", "text": "War Wolves (film) War Wolves is a 2009 television movie that originally aired on the Syfy network on March 8 , 2009 . The film stars John Saxon and Michael Worth , who also serves as the film 's director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5ff268e958577953e358be8bb557ce", "text": "Foxes in popular culture The fox appears in the folklore of many cultures as a figure of cunning or trickery , or as a familiar animal possessed of magic powers . The fox is also sometimes associated with transformation . In Europe , in the Middle Ages and Renaissance , foxes , which were associated with wiliness and fraudulent behavior , were sometimes burned as symbols of the Devil . The term `` foxy '' in English ( `` having the qualities of a fox '' ) can also connote attractiveness , sexiness or being red-haired . The term to `` outfox '' means `` to beat in a competition of wits '' , the synonym with `` outguess '' , `` outsmart '' or `` outwit '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "890e4a539c2bc915072bd90a36be0b4d", "text": "Toronto Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario . With a population of 2,731,571 , it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City , New York City , and Los Angeles . Toronto is the centre of the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , the most populous metropolitan area in Canada , and anchors the Golden Horseshoe , a heavily urbanized region that is home to 9.2 million people , or over 26 % of the population of Canada . A global city , Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years . The city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe , used by the Wyandot , Iroquois , and the Mississauga . Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s , after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787 , when the Mississaugas surrendered the area to the British Crown . The British established the town of York , and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by U.S. troops . York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834 , and became the capital of the province of Ontario during Canadian Confederation in 1867 . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2 . Located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario , Toronto is situated on a broad sloping plateau intersected by an extensive network of rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , with 140 independently unique and clearly defined official neighbourhoods making up the city . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada , with nearly 50 % of residents belonging to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins represented among its inhabitants . While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language , there are over 160 different languages spoken in the city . Toronto is a prominent centre for music , theatre , motion picture production , and television production , and is home to the headquarters of Canada 's major national broadcast networks and media outlets . Its varied cultural institutions , which include numerous museums and galleries , festivals and public events , entertainment districts , national historic sites , and sports activities , attract over 25 million tourists each year . Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings , in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere , the CN Tower . As Canada 's commercial capital , the city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange , the headquarters of Canada 's five largest banks , and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations . Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology , design , financial services , life sciences , education , arts , fashion , business services , environmental innovation , food services , and tourism .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "db5b40afedbfa6775bbd619f95a488a9", "text": "Silverthorn, Toronto Silverthorn , often misspelled as Silverthorne , is a neighbourhood in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It was part of the former City of York before the amalgamation of Toronto in 1998 . The approximate boundaries are the GO Transit Barrie line railway tracks to the east , Black Creek Drive and the CP railway line to the west and the former boundaries of the City of York to the north and south . The neighbourhood west of Black Creek Drive is known as Keelesdale . For demographic purposes , the city breaks the area down into two neighbourhoods Keelesdale-Eglinton West , south of Eglinton , and Beechborough-Greenbrook north of Eglinton . Silverthorn contained the central commercial district for the former City of York along Eglinton Avenue where the York Civic Centre , which housed York 's municipal offices , is located . The area has a large number of Roman Catholics many of whom are Italian and Portuguese by descent . However , Silverthorn is very diverse and includes many Baptists , Buddhists and other Christians . Latin Americans , Blacks and Southeast Asians are also well represented in this area ( source : Statistics Canada 2001 ) . North of Eglinton , nearly two-thirds of the Silverthorn 's population resides in rental units , many of them in low-rise apartment buildings . South of Eglinton the area retains its working class character , though the majority of residents are owners ( almost 60 % ) . Although the houses are modest they are also single detached and owned . There is an above-average contingency of Romance language speakers including Portuguese , Italian and Spanish . This area contains the western end of Eglinton West . The hilly terrain of the Silverthorn is comparable to nearby areas but distinguishable compared with the city , which in general slopes south to the lake . The winding and one-way streets make through traffic a non-factor for ball playing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "350ca1629265c21a1e98fd67483d7c6a", "text": "St. Lawrence Hall St. Lawrence Hall is a meeting hall in Toronto , Ontario , located at the corner of King Street East and Jarvis Street . It was created to be Toronto 's public meeting hall home to public gatherings , concerts , and exhibitions . Its main feature was a thousand-seat amphitheater . For decades the hall was the centre of Toronto 's social life , before larger venues took over much of this business . Today the hall continues as a venue for events including weddings , conferences , and art shows . The location was previously part of the Market Square area , and had been the site of the first permanent market buildings . A fire in 1841 caused the northern portions of this building to be pulled down , leading to the building of the current St. Lawrence Market in 1850 a block south at what was then Palace Street , and today known as Front Street . The vacated area at the corner of King and Jarvis was in the heart of the growing community . The Renaissance Revival style building was designed by William Thomas . It was here that prominent politicians such as John A. Macdonald and George Brown , Fathers of Confederation , addressed the people of Toronto . It was the main venue for musicians and other performers who came to the city . The lower levels were integrated into the market and were home to stores and businesses . A third storey section of the building was known as St. Patrick Hall , an important meeting place for the Irish Catholic Benevolent Union . By the 1870s the growing city had a number of larger and more suitable performance venues and the Hall entered a long decline . It continued to serve a number of roles , including several years as the home of the National Ballet . The city of Toronto fully restored the hall in 1967 to mark the Centennial of Confederation ( and rebuilt the east wing which had completely collapsed ) . That same year it was designated as a National Historic Site . The first two Juno Awards ceremonies were presented here in 1970 and 1971 . A remote detonated explosion , standing in for the groundbreaking of Canada 's Wonderland theme park in the York Region town of Maple , took place from the Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7b49973e2099804680e21d179580ae", "text": "Toronto Hunt Club The Toronto Hunt Club was established by British Army officers of the Toronto garrison ( Fort York ) in 1843 . It held gymkhana equestrian events at various sites around the city . In 1895 it acquired its first permanent home in a rural area east of the city between Kingston Road and the waterfront . In 1898 the streetcar was extended eastward to the site , and soon the area became a cottage district and then streetcar suburb of Toronto . This forced the equestrian activities to move further afield . In 1907 the horses were thus moved to a site in Thornhill ( Steeles ' Corner at Steeles Avenue and Yonge Street ) . In 1919 the club moved to a location closer to town at Eglinton Avenue and Avenue Road . Known as the Eglinton Hunt Club , a polo arena , clubhouses and other facilities were erected . The 1930s saw the club run into financial difficulties , however . In 1939 , with the outbreak of the Second World War , the large site was purchased by the federal government and turned into a secret Royal Canadian Air Force research facility , the No. 1 Clinical Investigation Unit . Noted scientists Frederick Banting and Wilbur R. Franks were employed there , and it was at the CIU that Franks invented the anti gravity g-suit . The club was also home to RCAF No. 1 Initial Training School , a unit of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan . After the war it became the RCAF Staff School , and remained an officer training facility of the Canadian Forces until closed in 1994 . By 1998 the Government of Canada transferred the property to the Toronto Catholic District School Board and the Marshall McLuhan Catholic Secondary School was built there . The area surrounding the old Eglinton Hunt Club is now an established residential neighbourhood of Forest Hill . The original Hunt Club site in Scarborough was turned into a nine-hole golf course in the 1930s , and it remains an exclusive private golfing club today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2cd3e7a812f0497835912b06eb2611c", "text": "East Toronto East Toronto was an incorporated community , later annexed into Old Toronto , in Ontario , Canada . It covered much of the present day neighbourhood , the Upper Beaches , stretching up to Danforth Avenue in the north . The central street in the community was Main Street , running between Danforth Avenue to Kingston Road . The commercial center of the town was located at the intersection of Main Street and Lake View , which is present-day Main Street and Gerrard Street . Following the annexation of East Toronto , Main Street retained its name despite Toronto 's `` Main Street '' being historically considered as Yonge Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a9de4da0911d466a917d989ce43ffb", "text": "Invasion of Quebec (1775) The Invasion of Quebec in 1775 was the first major military initiative by the newly formed Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . The objective of the campaign was to gain military control of the British Province of Quebec ( modern day Canada ) , and convince the French-speaking Canadiens to join the revolution on the side of the Thirteen Colonies . One expedition left Fort Ticonderoga under Richard Montgomery , besieged and captured Fort St. Johns , and very nearly captured British General Guy Carleton when taking Montreal . The other expedition left Cambridge , Massachusetts under Benedict Arnold , and traveled with great difficulty through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec City . The two forces joined there , but were defeated at the Battle of Quebec in December 1775 . Montgomery 's expedition set out from Fort Ticonderoga in late August , and began besieging Fort St. Johns , the main defensive point south of Montreal , in mid-September . After the fort was captured in November , Carleton abandoned Montreal , fleeing to Quebec City , and Montgomery took control of the city before heading for Quebec with an army much reduced in size by expiring enlistments . There he joined Arnold , who had left Cambridge in early September on an arduous trek through the wilderness that left his surviving troops starving and lacking in many supplies and equipment . These forces joined before Quebec City in December , where they assaulted the city in a snowstorm on the last day of the year . The battle was a disastrous defeat for the Americans ; Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded , while the city 's defenders suffered few casualties . Arnold then conducted an ineffectual siege on the city , during which Loyalist sentiments were boosted by successful propaganda campaigns , and General David Wooster 's blunt administration of Montreal served to annoy both supporters and detractors of the Americans . The British sent several thousand troops , including General John Burgoyne and Hessian allies , to reinforce those in the province in May 1776 . General Carleton then launched a counter-offensive , ultimately driving the smallpox-weakened and disorganized American forces back to Fort Ticonderoga . The Americans , under Arnold 's command , were able to hinder the British advance sufficiently that an attack could not be mounted on Fort Ticonderoga in 1776 . The end of the campaign set the stage for Burgoyne 's campaign of 1777 to gain control of the Hudson River valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b471935efc6200b815ce0351427a86c", "text": "Governor's Bridge, Toronto Governor 's Bridge is a bridge and small neighbourhood in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , located to the east of Rosedale and Moore Park , and like them is one of the most expensive in Toronto . Unlike them it was part of the former city of East York . The neighbourhood is named for the Governor 's Bridge that crosses the Moore Park Ravine and connects the area to Rosedale . Governor 's Bridge 's boundaries are the Canadian Pacific Railroad to the north , Bayview Avenue to the south and east , and Mud Creek as part of the Moore Park Ravine to its intersection with Pottery Road to the west . It contains all residential properties on the streets currently known as Governor 's Road , Nesbitt Drive , Douglas Crescent , True Davidson Drive and Hampton Park Crescent , as of May 1 , 2009 . The neighbourhood is divided into two sections by a smaller set of railway tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc152025c41569cc80726c78b0eb09ae", "text": "York North York North was a federal riding in Ontario , Canada , that was in the House of Commons of Canada from Confederation in 1867 until 2004 . The federal riding was eliminated in 2003 when it was redistributed between two new ridings of Newmarket -- Aurora and York -- Simcoe . Another small section was incorporated into Oak Ridges -- Markham . The riding covered the northern suburbs of the city of Toronto often including such towns as Aurora , Vaughan , Newmarket , Richmond Hill and Markham . The borders changed often , however , most notably in 1996 when the riding was so altered that it contained very little of the same territory as before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adc6d6662cd0b56cec60463794c9ca69", "text": "HMCS Toronto (K538) HMCS Toronto was a that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War and as a from 1953-1956 . She was named for Toronto , Ontario . She was later acquired by the Royal Norwegian Navy and renamed Garm and then again in 1965 as HNoMS Valkyrien . Toronto was ordered 1 February 1943 as Giffard ( after Giffard , Quebec ) as part of the 1943-1944 River-class building program . She was laid down on 10 May 1943 by Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd. at Lauzon and launched 18 September 1943 . Her name was changed to Toronto and she was commissioned into the RCN on 6 May 1944 with the pennant K538 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144ad55e650f9836fd9f92a358152679", "text": "William Barclay McMurrich William Barclay McMurrich ( November 1 , 1842 -- September 6 , 1908 ) was a Canadian lawyer and politician . He was the mayor of Toronto from 1881 to 1882 . He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada . Born in Toronto , the son of John McMurrich and Janet Dixon , McMurrich was educated at Knox Academy and Upper Canada College . He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1863 and a Master of Arts degree in 1864 from the University of Toronto . He then studied law and was called to the Bar in 1866 . He was a practising lawyer . In 1868 , he was elected a public school trustee for the St. Andrew 's ward and served in this position for eight years . In 1879 , he was elected to the Toronto City Council for the St. Patrick 's Ward . In 1881 , he was elected mayor of Toronto and re-elected in 1882 . He did not run in 1883 instead was a candidate for the Canadian House of Commons in the riding of West Toronto in the 1882 federal election . He lost to James Beaty , Jr. . He died while at a cottage on Lake Joseph in 1908 and was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c19a95e64d89fa7960023309d3f3f6", "text": "Adelaide Street Court House The Adelaide Street Court House , or York County Court House , is a historic former courthouse located at 57 Adelaide Street East in the St. Lawrence neighbourhood of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It served as a court house from 1852 until 1900 . It currently houses Terroni restaurant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e938a1097d20061ff1ce3c4b502c86f", "text": "German Mills Creek German Mills Creek is a river in the municipalities of Markham , Richmond Hill , Toronto and Vaughan in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario , Canada . It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and is a left tributary of the East Branch Don River . It originates in Vaughan ( near Bathurst Street and the King -- Vaughan Town Line ) , flows south through Richmond Hill and Markham , and empties into the East Branch Don River in the East Don Parklands in Toronto , south of Steeles Avenue between Bayview Avenue and Leslie Street . It is part of a number of streams , swamps and swales located near the Oak Ridges Moraine . It is named after the pioneer settlement German Mills , founded by William Berczy in 1796 . The settlement disappeared after a few years , but the creek retained the name . The Richmond Hill portions of the river snake through residential development with a very narrow greenbelt on either side of the creek . The Markham sections run through a mix of residential , commercial and light industrial areas . Duncan Woods Creek is a small left tributary that flows northwest to German Mills Creek in Toronto , at the southeast corner of Steeles Avenue and Leslie Street . There are a few undeveloped portions along the creek , mostly as parks in Markham . The creek 's approximate length is 10 km .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9fbbc8a4106890130e8a26531135fe4", "text": "Metropolitan Street Railway (Toronto) The Metropolitan Street Railway was the operator of the Metropolitan line in the Toronto area that started out as a local horsecar line and transformed itself into an electric radial line extending to Lake Simcoe . In 1904 , the railway was acquired by the Toronto and York Radial Railway ( T&YRR ) and became the T&YRR Metroplolitan Division . In 1922 , the City of Toronto acquired the T&YRR and contracted Ontario Hydro to manage the four T&YRR lines including the Metropolitan . In 1927 , the TTC took over the operation of the Metropolitan Line to Sutton , and renamed it the Lake Simcoe line . In 1930 , the TTC closed the Metropolitan Line but shortly reopened the portion between Glen Echo and Richmond Hill operating it as the North Yonge Railways until 1948 . This article is more about the Metropolitan line than about the company that spawned it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1b2a2978e2b039af30d27c5737f26ff", "text": "Toronto municipal election, 1909 Municipal elections were held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , on January 1 , 1909 . Joseph Oliver was easily re-elected to his second term as mayor . One of the central issues of the campaign was whether the city should construct a bridge over the Don River connecting to Danforth Avenue . A referendum was held as part of the vote , and the bridge was approved . It would be built as the Prince Edward Viaduct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "879728b88b6c63bceb4a6677ae3cbb34", "text": "204th Battalion (Beavers), CEF The 204th ( Toronto Beavers ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Toronto , Ontario , the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city and surrounding district . According to a local paper , the 204th were recruiting at a rate of 450 per month , and since authorization had raised $ 27,000 for recruiting expenses . This source claimed that the 204th held the record for recruiting among units authorized in Toronto since 1916 . The 204th were quartered at the Government and Transportation buildings at the Exhibition Camp , located on the Canadian National Exhibition grounds in Toronto . On March 16 , 1917 , the colours of the 204th ( Toronto Beavers ) Battalion were deposited in the Legislative Assembly Chamber at the Ontario Parliament Buildings . The unit marched from their quarters at Exhibition Camp to the Parliament Buildings headed by their battalion band . Family members witnessed the ceremony of depositing the colours for safe-keeping until after the war . The unit was paraded at full strength outside the building with the men standing at a salute as the colours passed through the doors carried by Lieutenant-Colonel William Herbert Price , and Lieutenant Hitchens with an escort of 40 men . Sir William Howard Hearst was in attendance among other prominent local figures . On March 19 it was announced that the 204th would soon be leaving Toronto for eastern Canada to continue with their training . After sailing to England in March 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 2nd Reserve Battalion on May 4 , 1917 . The 204th ( Toronto Beavers ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieutenant-Colonel Price . Price was a member for the Parkdale electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , and was a Barrister . The fate of the 204th was discussed in a July 1917 interview with Major Ernest George Switzer , who had gone overseas as second in command of the 204th . Switzer had returned to his home in July 1917 and was interviewed by a local reporter . He explained that most of the men of the 204th went to the 3rd and 75th Battalions , and some went into the ranks of the 5th Division . After the war a battalion association was established for veterans of the 204th . In June 1919 nearly 400 veterans of the 204th gathered at Victoria Hall in Toronto for the purpose of forming this battalion association . The officers elected included Lieutenant-Colonel Price as honorary president . The lobby of Old City Hall ( Toronto ) bears an ornate plaque in honour of the former 204th men who died during their military service in the First World War . 102 names are listed on this plaque , but this may be incomplete . Toronto 's Cenotaph is directly in front of this building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b860f94fb0f73c748099f20621920e52", "text": "First Toronto Post Office Toronto 's First Post Office ( or Fourth York Post Office ) is an 1834 post office in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is the oldest purpose-built and the only surviving example , of a post office that functioned as a department of the British Royal Mail in Canada . After its use as a post office , it was part of a Roman Catholic boys ' school and later a cold storage building . Located at 260 Adelaide Street East , the building now houses a museum and a full-service post office , run by the Town of York Historical Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af607b8548116cd3f55a7a47d6fae95f", "text": "David Breakenridge Read David Breakenridge Read ( 13 June 1823 -- 11 May 1904 ) was a Canadian lawyer , educator , author , and Mayor of Toronto in 1858 . Read was Mayor of Toronto from November 11 , 1858 to December 31 , 1858 . He served a mere 50 fifty days , thus making him the shortest serving Mayor of that city . Born in Merrickville , Ontario , the sixth child of John Landon Read -LSB- 1789 - ?? -RSB- and Janet Breakenridge -LSB- 1795-1832 -RSB- . Read was educated in Brockville , and , at the age of thirteen , was accepted into Toronto 's Upper Canada College . Four years later , 1840 , he was admitted to the Law Society of Upper Canada . Read began his law articles while working for George Sherwood in Brockville . His studies were finished with John Ross in Belleville and then John Willoughby Crawford in Toronto . Read was admitted into the bar in 1845 . He then began a law practice which became successful.In 1845 he served as Barrister at Law . He married Emily Ballard , born 1827 , daughter of Norman Ballard . The couple had seven children . In November 1855 , he was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada . The next year , Read was appointed by Attorney General John A.MacDonald to a commission to revise the statutes of Upper Canada . Read served as a junior commissioner and was the commission 's secretary . In 1858 , he was elected to Toronto City Council as alderman for St Patrick 's Ward . Council appointed him Mayor of Toronto on November 11 , 1858 after his predecessor , William Henry Boulton , announced his resignation . He served in that post until December 31 of that year , when Adam Wilson was elected to take that post . He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada . Read continued to serve in the Law Society until his retirement in April 1881 at the age of 55 . In November 1902 , at the age of 79 , Read suffered a stroke that would leave him bedridden for the final year and half until his death . He died on May 11 , 1904 , and was buried among many of his colleagues in a private funeral at St. James Cemetery in Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aeabccda1911b59bafcb8f24d7e90f2", "text": "Toronto Islands The Toronto Islands ( formerly known as Island of Hiawatha and also known as Menecing , meaning `` On the Island '' in the Ojibwa language ) are a chain of small islands in Lake Ontario , south of mainland Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Comprising the only group of islands in the western part of Lake Ontario , the Toronto Islands are located just offshore from the city centre , and provide shelter for Toronto Harbour . The islands are home to parkland , the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , several yacht clubs , Centreville Amusement Park , and Hanlan 's Beach . The island community is considered to be the largest urban car-free community in North America , although some service vehicles are permitted . Access to the Islands is by ferry , including the City of Toronto ferries operating from Jack Layton Ferry Terminal at the foot of Bay Street , or by water taxis . The island is a popular recreation destination . Recreational bicyclists are accommodated on the ferries . There is a public bicycle sharing station operated by Bike Share Toronto at Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and bicycles and quadracycles can be rented at Centre Island . Canoes , kayaks and paddle boats can also be rented on the island . A frisbee golf course exists on the island . The main beach is along the south shore and the beach on the west shore is clothing-optional . There is ample park land suitable for picnicking which is popular , several playgrounds , and several gardens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b933b12aeff860235a840f839e493a1", "text": "East York Town Centre East York Town Centre is a shopping centre in the East York district of Toronto , Ontario , Canada , located at 45 Overlea Blvd. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "591bc0c4df42273b70f9489d8dab5954", "text": "Battle of Cobleskill The Battle of Cobleskill ( also known as the Cobleskill massacre ) was an American Revolutionary War raid on the frontier settlement of Cobleskill , New York on May 30 , 1778 . The battle , having taken place in the modern-day village of Warnerville , NY near Cobleskill-Richmondville High School , marked the beginning of a phase in which Loyalists and Iroquois , encouraged and supplied by British authorities in the Province of Quebec , raided and destroyed numerous villages on what was then the United States western frontier of New York and Pennsylvania . A small party of Iroquois entered Cobleskill and drew the local defenders into a trap set by a much larger party of Iroquois and Loyalists under the command of Joseph Brant . After killing a number of the militia and driving off the remainder , Brant 's forces destroyed much of the settlement . New York 's defenders retaliated against Brant 's actions against Cobleskill and other communities by destroying Iroquois villages later in the year , and Continental Army forces destroyed more Iroquois villages in the Sullivan Expedition of 1779 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9ec406831e7afb91d9bb227163b77bf", "text": "Bloor Street Bloor Street is a major east -- west residential and commercial thoroughfare in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct , which spans the Don River Valley , westward into Mississauga where it ends at Central Parkway . East of the viaduct , Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way . The street , approximately 25 km long , contains a significant cross-sample of Toronto 's ethnic communities . It is also home to Toronto 's famous shopping street , the Mink Mile . The street is named after Joseph Bloore ( a clerical error caused his name to drop an `` e '' ) , a brewer and land speculator of this area in the 19th century who founded the Village of Yorkville in 1830 . He is buried at Necropolis Cemetery on Bayview Avenue and Rosedale Valley Road . A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to the Don Valley Parkway , and then continues east along Danforth Avenue .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7a7d896d62aa694f7c5ad31c68c1552f", "text": "Jerry Lewis Jerry Lewis ( born Joseph Levitch ; March 16 , 1926 ) is an American actor , comedian , singer , film producer , film director , screenwriter and humanitarian . He is known for his slapstick humor in film , television , stage and radio . He and Dean Martin were partners as the hit popular comedy duo of Martin and Lewis . Following that success , he was a solo star in motion pictures , nightclubs , television shows , concerts , album recordings and musicals . Lewis served as national chairman of the Muscular Dystrophy Association and hosted the live Labor Day broadcast of the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon for 44 years . Lewis has received several awards for lifetime achievements from the American Comedy Awards , Los Angeles Film Critics Association , Venice Film Festival , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and been honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c2cb91d376000c34481bc263744ebb4f", "text": "The Full Monty (musical) The Full Monty is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally and score by David Yazbek . In this Americanized musical stage version adapted from the 1997 British film of the same name , six unemployed Buffalo steelworkers , low on both cash and prospects , decide to present a strip act at a local club after seeing their wives ' enthusiasm for a touring company of Chippendales . One of them , Jerry , declares that their show will be better than the Chippendales dancers because they 'll go `` the full monty '' -- strip all the way . As they prepare for the show , working through their fears , self-consciousness , and anxieties , they overcome their inner demons and find strength in their camaraderie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "464b6252b82533d9c8fe8155c67bcc49", "text": "Country Class Country Class is an album by Jerry Lee Lewis , released on Mercury Records in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f926a0b954b9f180726d1e6d2fb49f", "text": "Jerry Ellis (author) Jerry Ellis ( born 1947 ) is an American author of fiction and non-fiction works best known for the book Walking the Trail written after he walked the 900 mile route of the Cherokee Trail of Tears . Ellis has been profiled and his books reviewed in several national and regional publications and on public television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e63184c7dd1f1531d94798984c3ac3ea", "text": "Jerry Garcia Jerome John Garcia ( August 1 , 1942 -- August 9 , 1995 ) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist , best known for his work as the lead guitarist and as a vocalist with the band the Grateful Dead , which came to prominence during the counterculture era in the 1960s . Although he disavowed the role , Garcia was viewed by many as the leader or `` spokesman '' of the group . One of its founders , Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire thirty-year career ( 1965 -- 1995 ) . Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects , including the Saunders -- Garcia Band ( with longtime friend Merl Saunders ) , the Jerry Garcia Band , Old and in the Way , the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo , Legion of Mary , and the New Riders of the Purple Sage ( which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson ) . He also released several solo albums , and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician . He was well known for his distinctive guitar playing and was ranked 13th in Rolling Stone 's `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' cover story . Later in life , Garcia was sometimes ill because of his diabetes , and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life . Although his overall health improved somewhat after that , he also struggled with heroin and cocaine addictions , and was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack in August 1995 at the age of 53 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36961bc07e7951a855db3e243ab4049a", "text": "Jerry Williams (singer) Jerry Williams ( born Sven Erik Fernström ; 15 April 1942 ) , a Swedish rock and roll singer and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7732a767494f540d131d168b0b7c88e", "text": "Mean Old Man Mean Old Man is the 40th studio album by rock and roll pioneer Jerry Lee Lewis . Like his previous album Last Man Standing , this album features duets with famous artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c0ee38741e4176efc8462e58785be71", "text": "Leon Lewis Julius Warren Lewis ( April 8 , 1833 -- October 28 , 1920 ) was an American writer of popular fiction . He used the name Leon Lewis and wrote under that name among others . Lewis was born in Southington , Connecticut , the son of James D. Lewis and Patty Bishop . At the age of 21 , he was living in Massachusetts and considered himself an author . He began his writing career in Boston , which led him to become editor of the flash paper Life in Boston . Lewis was a summer guest sometime in the 1870s at a boarding house owned by Thomas Nickerson . He was a retired sailor who had survived the sinking of the whaleship Essex as a cabin boy . ( The first mate 's 1821 account of the disaster , as well as personal contact with the captain , inspired Herman Melville in writing his 1851 novel Moby Dick . ) Lewis encouraged Nickerson to write down his story and in 1876 received from Nickerson a manuscript with additional accounts of his life . Lewis did nothing with the material , but a friend of his secured the trunk that contained it during Lewis ' crisis with creditors in 1879 . It was discovered by the friend 's family in 1960 . In 1860 Lewis married Harriet Newell O'Brien ( 1841 -- 1878 ) of Penn Yan , New York . The couple began writing serials for the New York Weekly and the New York Ledger . Harriet Lewis died on May 20 , 1878 . In January 1879 , Lewis disappeared from Penn Yan owing more than $ 50,000 . He sailed with his deceased wife 's 15-year-old niece , Julia E. Wheelock ( b. 1865 ) , daughter of disabled Civil War veteran Cyrus Wheelock ( 1837 -- 5 Feb 1918 ) and Helen Elizabeth O'Brien ( 1843 -- 1906 ) , and married her in Brazil . During the 1880s he wrote boys ' stories in England . Their daughter Harriet Wheelock Lewis was born in London , England , became a teacher in Connecticut and later married Carl Asahel French . Their son Leon Lewis ( 15 March 1885 in Greenport , Long Island , New York -- 26 February 1976 in Farmington Hills , Michigan ) lived in New Hartford most of his life , spending his final years with his daughter Leona L. Lewis and her husband Nicholas Pedersen in Michigan . By 1910 , Lewis was living with his sister Sara in New Hartford , Connecticut . Lewis and Julia were divorced in 1913 . Living with his sister in Bakersville , Connecticut , he died October 28 , 1920 , in a Winsted , Connecticut , hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fff91cad6b4ada2c4474f91313fd18da", "text": "Simon Lewis (writer) Simon Lewis ( born 1971 ) is a novelist and screenwriter , born in Newport , Monmouthshire , in 1971 . He went to school in Monmouth then studied Art and Art History at Goldsmiths College in London . After graduation , he travelled extensively in Asia , before beginning work as a travel writer for Rough Guides publishing . He has since worked on five editions of the Rough Guide to China and is sole author of the Rough Guide to Shanghai and the Rough Guide to Beijing . His first novel , Go , a thriller about backpackers , was written in a village in the Himalayas . It was first published by small press Pulp Books in 1998 , but , following favourable press , was picked up by Corgi ( 1999 ) . It has since been translated into Swedish , German and Italian . His second novel , Bad Traffic , is a crime thriller about people smugglers . It was published in 2008 by Sort of Books , and in 2009 by Scribner in the US . It has been translated into Swedish , German , Italian , French , Japanese and Turkish . Simon was selected as one of 21 `` writers to watch '' at the 2008 the Guardian Hay Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0560c9f4a72200237cdb2549d36aad2a", "text": "The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 . From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music . The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' . Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis . Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show . Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band . Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film . The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1616fcb130d8406ef1190cdfa3f7a2d", "text": "Hollywood or Bust Hollywood or Bust is a 1956 film comedy starring the team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis . The picture was filmed from April 16 to June 19 , 1956 and released on December 6 , 1956 by Paramount Pictures , almost five months after the Martin and Lewis partnership split up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5e7bd92ef9981648ea421bd06a7082", "text": "The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980 , on CBS for Saturday mornings . The show lasted two seasons ( with season two consisting of reruns ) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry packages , and also occasionally appeared on Cartoon Network and Boomerang , as well as , in 2013 , airing on UK satellite channel Pop . Most voices were done by Frank Welker ( mainly Tom and Jerry ) and Filmation head Lou Scheimer provided the voice of Nibbles ( erroneously giving him an adult voice ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b1cedc9e35a993b7902b2994de0397", "text": "The Day the Clown Cried The Day the Clown Cried is an unreleased 1972 American drama film directed by and starring Jerry Lewis . It is based on a script of the same name by Joan O'Brien , who had co-written the original script with Charles Denton ten years previously . The film was met with controversy regarding its premise and content , which features a circus clown who is imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp . Lewis has repeatedly insisted that The Day the Clown Cried would never be released because it is an embarrassingly `` bad work '' that he is ashamed of .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92fef07e1bb381a5249b2315ffb5ee9", "text": "Boxen (C. S. Lewis) Boxen is a fictional world that C. S. Lewis ( `` Jack '' ) and his brother W. H. Lewis ( `` Warren '' ) created as children . The world of Boxen was created when Jack 's stories about Animal-Land and Warnie 's stories about India were brought together . In Surprised by Joy , Jack explains that the union of Animal-Land and India took place `` sometime in the late eighteenth century ( their eighteenth century , not ours ) '' . During a time when influenza was ravaging many families , the Lewis brothers were forced to stay indoors and entertain themselves by reading . They read whatever books they could find , both those written for children and adults . Influenced by Beatrix Potter 's animals , C.S. Lewis wrote about Animal-Land , complete with details about its economics , politics/government , and history , as well as illustrations of buildings and characters . The stories were published posthumously as Boxen : The Imaginary World of the Young C. S. Lewis Edited by Walter Hooper and first published by London : Collins May 28 , 1985 . First American edition : San Diego : Harcourt , Brace , Javanovich , October 17 , 1985 . ( republished as Boxen : Childhood Chronicles Before Narnia ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d0ef81b728628170cd847a416f9eeb6", "text": "Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' . The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes : `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . '' While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works . Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! '' Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5de4983deb733a868c9d3182db79831", "text": "Dave Jeser David Mark Douglas `` Dave '' Jeser ( born September 25 , 1977 ) is an American television writer and co-creator with Matt Silverstein of Drawn Together . He has also written for other television shows including 3rd Rock from the Sun , The Man Show , Action , Greg the Bunny , Axe Cop , The Goode Family and The Cleveland Show , and also created the MTV animated comedy DJ & the Fro in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8365a24d7b35f4506554729747e3389e", "text": "Mark Lewis (storyteller) Mark Lewis ( February 16 , 1954 -- December 7 , 2014 ) was an American storyteller , actor , and teacher . He began his storytelling career while a student at John Muir High School in Pasadena , California , winning regional drama competitions with his telling of `` How the Grinch Stole Christmas '' and `` Jabberwocky '' , two pieces that became staples of his professional storytelling repertory . In 1971 , he formed a performing partnership with singer-songwriter-actor Craig Coulter , and together , as Coulter & Lewis , they developed an enthusiastic local following performing songs ( some original ) , poetry , children 's stories , and skits . This was the beginning of Lewis 's professional career . Among their earliest engagements were regular appearances at the comedy club `` The Ice House '' in Pasadena . In the early 1980s , in the final seasons of the Coulter & Lewis partnership , the duo performed shows at the Smothers Theater at Pepperdine University and was engaged by the Los Angeles Music Center to perform in Los Angeles area schools with the `` Music Center on Tour '' program . Lewis was part of the Renaissance Pleasure Faires that took place in Agoura , California in the 1970s - 1990s , serving first as the black-hooded and silent Executioner . He later took on speaking roles that allowed him to share his storytelling gifts with Faire-goers . Lewis received two Emmy Awards for his show `` Word Pictures '' on WTTW in Chicago , and he had a syndicated radio show . He appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his voice can still be heard on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride in Disneyland . He was a featured performer on the TV series Northern Exposure on CBS and Leverage on TNT ( as Santa/Jack in `` The Ho Ho Ho Job '' , 2012 ) . Lewis was an illustrator and he wrote four books , among them Kaliban 's Christmas : A Special Tale of Magic ( Puffin Books , 1987 ) , The Secret of the Quilt ( Book One of The Counterpane Collection ) with illustrations by Laura Kelly ( Laughing Moon Productions , 1992 ) , and the ibook Anna and the Sun ( Lulu.com , 2011 ) . He performed in several films and commercials for national audiences and worked as a Creative Content Provider for Microsoft , Disney Imagineering , Universal Studios , and Silicon Gaming Inc. . He was a real magician as a storyteller . Lewis organized storytelling workshops , and he was a member of the faculty at Unitarian Universalist Camp de Benneville Pines Family Camp and Camp Bravo , a summer theater camp for teens , teaching storytelling and stagecraft . He was a part-time college professor of Presentation Skills in the University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication in Eugene . He also volunteered for the Oregon chapter of the International Thespian Society . Lewis died on December 7 , 2014 , of medical complications following foot surgery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddfd8eb4a424353ef83937d694155431", "text": "Nick Tosches Nick Tosches ( -LSB- ˈtɑːʃəs -RSB- born October 17 or 23 , 1949 ) is an American journalist , novelist , biographer , and poet . His 1982 biography of Jerry Lee Lewis , Hellfire , was praised by Rolling Stone magazine as `` the best rock and roll biography ever written . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fee2f35fca096ad96a46e3b8e0e70f8d", "text": "The Ren & Stimpy Show The Ren & Stimpy Show , often simply called Ren & Stimpy , is an American children 's / adult animated television series created by John Kricfalusi for Nickelodeon . The series follows the adventures of title characters Ren , an emotionally unstable chihuahua , and Stimpy , a good-natured , dimwitted cat . It premiered on August 11 , 1991 as one of the original three Nicktoons , along with Rugrats and Doug . Throughout its run , the show was controversial for its off-color humor , sexual innuendo , dark humor , adult jokes , and violence , similar to Rocko 's Modern Life . This controversy contributed to the production staff 's altercations with Nickelodeon 's Standards and Practices department . The show ended on December 16 , 1995 , with a total of five seasons and 52 episodes . Ren & Stimpy received mixed to very positive reviews during its original run then later widespread critical acclaim after its run , and has developed a cult following . The series is often cited as paving the way for animated shows like Beavis and Butt-Head and South Park . A spin-off for adult audiences , Ren & Stimpy `` Adult Party Cartoon '' , aired in 2003 on Spike , but was cancelled soon after its debut .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c082addea8ba5942ed8f8c4a30604cc8", "text": "It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown It 's the Easter Beagle , Charlie Brown ! is the 12th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz . It originally debuted on CBS on April 9 , 1974 at 8 p.m. CBS aired it annually from 1974 to 2000 , and from 2001 to 2014 it continued to air in some years on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20906a7c6099341bdf0b1c7c2cf1f2ce", "text": "The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show is a 60-minute Saturday morning animated package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from November 8 , 1980 to September 18 , 1982 . The program contained segments of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo and Richie Rich . The Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo shorts represents the sixth show in which Scooby-Doo appears . This was the only Hanna-Barbera package series for which Scooby-Doo was given second billing and also notable for Richie Rich 's debut in animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d01ec3ef2688d85405c2a105ae103094", "text": "Toon-Us-In Toon-Us-In is a Korean animation studio that has animated episodes of The Ren and Stimpy Show , Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys , Watership Down : Home on the Down , some Peanuts specials , and Love Story of Juliet . In addition , they animated the main titles for Hey Arnold ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d2257025108e2ffeae42729650760", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11 , 1986 , and May 23 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8638780b97bb4dfa47ae5d675930a97", "text": "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 1991–1992 The following is a list of recurring Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) characters and sketches introduced between September 28 , 1991 , and May 16 , 1992 , the seventeenth season of SNL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7b778f21ee862cf7ac72b356595f0", "text": "Renga Media Renga Media ( originally Renga Studios ) is a British multimedia and animation company located in Brighton . It was established in 1995 , and is run by creator Tony Luke alongside producers Simon Moorhead and Doug Bradley . Partners include Alan Grant , Yasushi Nirasawa and Jim Brathwaite , chairman of S.E.E.D.A. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f277de82a67c9867ca84cf27db82fe93", "text": "You and Me Kid You and Me , Kid is an American children 's television series which premiered on The Disney Channel on April 18 , 1983 . The series was hosted by Sonny Melendrez who was joined by the You and Me Players ( Toni Attell , Caleb Chung , Mitchell Young Evans , Gary Schwartz and Ricci Mann ) . Each show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was dedicated to building interactive skills between parents and their toddler children . The shows contained five segments : Let 's Go ! ( exercise skills ) You and Me Theater ( creative drama ) Famous and 1/2 ( celebrities and their children ) Ssh ! ( listening and observation skills ) Mime Your Own Business ( pantomime ) Its theme song Just You and Me , Kid was sung by Robin Frederick . The show ran for 130 episodes and reruns continued to air on the channel until September 29 , 1991 . Four VHS tapes were released by Walt Disney Home Video in the mid-1980s for the then new video home rental market . Each tape contained four episodes and have since become hard to find . In 1988 , a store with same name opened up at Disney Village Marketplace which sold children 's apparel , games and toys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c850737d99f3248016cee7d5c2b8fd3d", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 11) The eleventh season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between November 9 , 1985 , and May 24 , 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5583a4b82a194fe8d075ba071148f4a5", "text": "The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show is the sixth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo . It premiered on September 10 , 1983 , and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program made up of two eleven-minute short cartoons . In 1984 , the name of the show was changed to The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries , with the actual show format remaining the same . The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries ran for another season on ABC . The series airs reruns on Cartoon Network 's classics channel Boomerang . Thirteen half-hour episodes , composed of twenty-four separate segments were produced under the New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo title in 1983 , and thirteen more episodes , composed of twenty separate segments were produced under the name The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries in 1984 . At the time , Margaret Loesch , who served as supervising executive for the series , also worked for another animation production company Marvel Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e370e95c72d81237f64146dd84fe054", "text": "Red vs. Blue (season 11) The eleventh season of the American action comedy science fiction animated/machinima web series Red vs. Blue premiered on June 14 , 2013 , and concluded on November 11 , 2013 . The series is created and produced by Rooster Teeth Productions and is loosely based in the Halo universe . The season premiered on June 14 , 2013 , while the rest of the episodes were released on Rooster Teeth 's website on Mondays starting June 24 , 2013 . It is the first season of the Chorus Trilogy . The season returns to a similar format that was used in the Blood Gulch Chronicles , where both teams are in a boxed canyon and do nothing but talk to each other . Also like the first seven seasons of the series , Season 11 '' featured no pre-rendered character animation sequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d7ec0f20ad751c06b1585c6b0a98f", "text": "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto . The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5780453ca16bb2f2ec6338ce4d226066", "text": "Space Stars Space Stars is a 60-minute Saturday morning animated program block produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on NBC from September 12 , 1981 to September 11 , 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b43d81acfd7dc4876dc68c70eb69e87a", "text": "The Howard Stern Show (WWOR) The Howard Stern Show is an American late-night television variety show , hosted by radio personality Howard Stern . It aired Saturdays , beginning at 11:00 pm , from July 14 , 1990 to August 8 , 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c", "text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0004b2483fa7fa9b9f34757eaa19b483", "text": "The Adventures of Mark & Brian The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2a32a2f37f40787ee067c20f9cc70eb", "text": "BBC World Service Television BBC World Service Television , often abbreviated to WSTV ( World Service Television ) , was the name of two BBC international satellite television channels between 1991 and 1995 . It was the BBC 's first foray into worldwide television broadcasting . In Europe , it was the successor to BBC TV Europe , replacing it on 11 March 1991 . The service was also launched in Asia as a 24-hour news and information service with minor differences , a precursor to BBC World News , launched on 14 October 1991 . Unlike BBC World Service at the time , it was not funded by the British government with a grant-in-aid . Instead , it was funded by commercial advertising , with commercials were inserted locally by the cable or satellite providers . In the years that followed , the BBC would insert news headlines and other updates to fill the gaps , known as the break fillers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db52a86fc24dc98295463344031ee6b", "text": "The Yogi Bear Show The Yogi Bear Show is an animated television series about the misadventures of picnic basket stealing bear Yogi in Jellystone Park . The show debuted in syndication on January 30 , 1961 , and ran for 33 episodes until January 6 , 1962 , and included two segments , Snagglepuss and Yakky Doodle . The show had a two-year production run .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "679b4e6991bde0b8077ce31d2197a5d4", "text": "Internet The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite ( TCP/IP ) to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web ( WWW ) , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System ( DNS ) , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN ) . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7d43bef6a8408a15eb809058e3ccfc3f", "text": "Parallel Line Internet Protocol The Parallel Line Internet Protocol ( PLIP ) is a computer networking protocol for direct computer-to-computer communications using the parallel port normally used for connections to a printer . The Parallel Line Internet Protocol provides Link Layer services for the Internet Protocol , the protocol used for forming small local area networks and large computer networks , such as the Internet , enabling computers without standard dedicated networking hardware , such as Ethernet , but with older parallel port devices , to communicate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d65410f4572423abf97a42547cd6ab62", "text": "Convergence (routing) Convergence is the state of a set of routers that have the same topological information about the internetwork in which they operate . For a set of routers to have converged , they must have collected all available topology information from each other via the implemented routing protocol , the information they gathered must not contradict any other router 's topology information in the set , and it must reflect the real state of the network . In other words : In a converged network all routers `` agree '' on what the network topology looks like . Convergence is an important notion for a set of routers that engage in dynamic routing . All Interior Gateway Protocols rely on convergence to function properly . To have converged it is the normal state of an operational autonomous system . The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol BGP typically never converges because the Internet is too big for changes to be communicated fast enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b5b222457da99469d8fe6d17047643", "text": "Many-to-many The many-to-many communication paradigm is one of three major Internet computing paradigms , characterized by multiple users contributing and receiving information , with the information elements often interlinked across different websites . Developments such as file sharing , blogs , Wikis , and tagging are media forms that reflect this paradigm ; these contrast with both the one-to-one ( characterized by e-mail , FTP , and Telnet ) and one-to-many ( characterized by websites ) paradigms . With the evolution to the full `` many-to-many '' computing paradigm , people can input and receive information to and from the Internet ; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope ; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools , and the definition of `` many '' will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations , products , processes , events , and concepts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8912100f99e01c2688cbb106ea0f4187", "text": "Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented . This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service . There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream . IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications . Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers . `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing . The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients . One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle . The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a8a2aff3f1563b622f07e2c27eb184c", "text": "IDEA1 IDEA1 is a Wireless Sensor Network simulator , more precisely a node simulator including network models . It is based on SystemC language , and on SCNSL -LSB- 1 -RSB- alpha library . That library was a starting point , and it has been deeply modified and improved . IDEA1 is composed of accurate models for each of the nodes hardware devices : sensor , microcontroller , radio-frequency transceiver and energy module . Network Simulator NS-2 is used in the same research field , but for higher level validations ( protocols , routing ... ) . NS-2 is more focussed on these high levels , whereas IDEA1 has more hardware ( PHY ) details , for example accurate power and latency . Indeed , IDEA1 is composed of measurement-validated models ( in hardware ) that include Electrical Power , Energy and delays for several hardware devices ( 3 sensors , 2 microcontrollers , 3 radio-frequency devices ) . Models are based on Finite State Machines that include timing ( for processing , communications ... ) and electrical consumption . It has been developed for 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz ( IEEE 802.15.4 ) radio-frequency devices , but will be extended for multimedia applications . These low-level models are used to simulate Wireless Sensor Networks at high ( network ) level . It permits to explore design space in order to best choose hardware devices and IEEE 802.15.4 mode . IDEA1 is currently developed at INL -LSB- 2 -RSB- , Lyon Institute of Nanotechnologies , France . Related papers can be found in and in", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13183645770b11aeb3fb960a8b74022", "text": "Personal area network A personal area network ( PAN ) is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers , telephones , tablets and personal digital assistants . PANs can be used for communication amongst the personal devices themselves ( interpersonal communication ) , or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet ( an uplink ) where one `` master '' device takes up the role as internet router . A wireless personal area network ( WPAN ) is a low-powered PAN carried over a short-distance wireless network technology such as : INSTEON IrDA Wireless USB Bluetooth Z-Wave ZigBee Body Area Network The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters . A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire . Although a ( secured ) Wi-Fi tethering connection could be used by only one single user it is not considered to be a PAN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e59bbecafb523b6f6ee05258df0cb2", "text": "Video server A video server is a computer-based device ( also called a `` host '' ) dedicated to delivering video . Unlike personal computers , being multi-application devices , a video server is designed for one purpose ; provisioning video , often for broadcasters . A professional-grade video server performs recording , storage , and playout of multiple video streams without any degradation of the video signal . Broadcast quality video servers often store hundreds of hours of compressed audio and video ( in different codecs ) , play out multiple and synchronised simultaneous streams of video by , and offer quality interfaces such as SDI for digital video and XLR for balanced analog audio , AES/EBU digital audio and also Time Code . A genlock input is usually provided to provide a means of synchronizing with the house reference clock , thereby avoiding the need for timebase correction or frame synchronizers . Video servers usually offer some type of control interface allowing them to be driven by broadcast automation systems that incorporate sophisticated broadcast programming applications . Popular protocols include VDCP and the 9-Pin Protocol . They can optionally allow direct to disk recording using the same codec that is used in various post-production video editing software packages to prevent any wasted time in transcoding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "354f18e455131b9933c1d0eef0050443", "text": "Link Access Procedure for Modems Link Access Procedure for Modems ( LAPM ) is part of the V. 42 error correction protocol for modems . LAPM is an error control protocol defined in ITU-T recommendations V. 42 . Like many data link layer protocols , it is a variant of HDLC . Like the Microcom Networking Protocols that preceded it , LAPM uses cyclic redundancy checking ( CRC ) and retransmission of corrupted data ( ARQ ) to ensure data reliability . Error control protocols such as LAPM use frames of variable lengths , each beginning with a header and ending with a frame check sequence trailer ( a cyclic redundancy check ) . Correctly received packets are acknowledged , and unacknowledged packets are automatically retransmitted ( ARQ ) . The larger the payload included in each frame , the smaller the relative cost of transmitting the header and trailer bits . Usually LAPM adds only about 5 percent framing overhead . This is a noticeable improvement over the fixed 25 % overhead of start and stop bits required by direct asynchronous serial communication , but obviously such large frames impose a cost in the form of communication latency . LAPM has an optional Selective reject ( SREJ ) functionality which allows it to resend only the corrupted frames , providing faster recovery from an error . The ITU-T V. 42 LAPM procedure is considered more robust than the Microcom Networking Protocols ( MNP ) that preceded it , and has a more sophisticated and powerful data compression option in V. 42bis , allowing much greater data throughput . V. 42bis added a string compression algorithm called BTLZ ( British Telecom Lempel Ziv ) , in which frequently occurring strings of characters are replaced by code words . The `` dictionary '' of strings is dynamically maintained during transmission and keeps track of changes in the data ; new strings are added and old strings are deleted . As the data may not always be compressible ( for example encrypted or pre-compressed data ) the modem has the ability to switch between compressed and uncompressed modes of operation . Compression performance is continually monitored and , if no compression is obtained , the modem transmits the data in uncompressed form . Even while in uncompressed mode , the modem monitors the characteristics of the data and switches compression back on as soon as some benefit can be achieved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873bacc0cc20a39548c3de88ecd608f7", "text": "Internet transit Internet transit is the service of allowing network traffic to cross or `` transit '' a computer network , usually used to connect a smaller Internet service provider ( ISP ) to the larger Internet . Technically , it consists of two bundled services : The advertisement of customer routes to other ISPs , thereby soliciting inbound traffic toward the customer from them The advertisement of other ISPs ' routes ( usually but not necessarily in the form of a default route or a full set of routes to all of the destinations on the Internet ) to the ISP 's customer , thereby soliciting outbound traffic from the customer towards these networks . In the 1970s and early 1980s-era Internet , the assumption was made that all networks would provide full transit for one another . In the modern private-sector Internet , two forms of interconnect agreements exist between Internet networks : transit , and peering . Transit is distinct from peering , in which only traffic between the two ISPs and their downstream customers is exchanged and neither ISP can see upstream routes over the peering connection . A transit free network uses only peering ; a network that uses only unpaid peering and connects to the whole Internet is considered a Tier 1 network . In the 1990s , the network access point concept provided one form of transit . The transit service is typically priced per megabit per second per month , and customers are often required to commit to a minimum volume of bandwidth , and usually to a minimum term of service as well . Some transit agreements provide `` service-level agreements '' which purport to offer money-back guarantees of performance between the customer 's Internet connection and specific points on the Internet , typically major Internet exchange points within a continental geography such as North America . These service level agreements still provide only best-effort delivery since they do not guarantee service the other half of the way , from the Internet exchange point to the final destination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d902796a08d8b8f05a0cf049bd7ac40", "text": "Arduino Arduino is an open source , computer hardware and software company , project , and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world . The project 's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software , which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License ( LGPL ) or the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) , permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone . Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form , or as do-it-yourself kits . Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers . The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output ( I/O ) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ( shields ) and other circuits . The boards feature serial communications interfaces , including Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) on some models , which are also used for loading programs from personal computers . The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++ . In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains , the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment ( IDE ) based on the Processing language project . The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea , Italy , aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators . Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots , thermostats , and motion detectors . The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea , Italy , where some of the founders of the project used to meet . The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea , who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a213fd3ba98c818ccc8ba4b991f4822", "text": "InterStream Transit Protocol Protocol Helper : istp : / / Organization : InterStream Industry Association The InterStream Transit Protocol ( ISTP ) is a secure protocol that allows Internet Service Providers ( ISPs ) to offer high bandwidth multimedia services over their networks . The ISTP application is installed as a new protocol handler into browsers . It includes components which enable Internet Service Providers to obtain incremental revenue from subscribers , advertisers , other ISPs , and streaming video providers in exchange for using premium bandwidth services on their networks . ISTP uses the handle system to index and reference rich media objects on the existing Web . Content is indexed into the handle system by users with ISTP clients who access existing HTTP , RTP , or MMS content . Once the content is indexed , it can be natively referenced by the handle system and streamed over the InterStream Media Grid infrastructure . Indexed rich media objects from the InterStream Media Grid are associated with individual portals . Portals are designated by a `` handle prefix '' , istp : / / prefix_name . The prefix_name designates a portal for members of the InterStream association . By default , istp : / / designates the `` default '' InterStream portal . By linking ISTP content , Web Site owners and hosts may embed video from other providers . An overt goal of the protocol has been to fix the pervasive copyright issues surrounding the distribution of video on the Internet . ISTP as a new MIME subtype and protocol handler enables web site owners to link to the video in the form in which the content owner wishes it to be presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b93de8a5d19bba8468a3b089e5ed7d", "text": "Internet Research Steering Group The Internet Research Task Force ( IRTF ) is managed by the IRTF chair in consultation with the Internet Research Steering Group ( IRSG ) . The IRSG membership includes the IRTF chair , the chairs of the various IRTF research groups and other individuals ( members at large ) from the research or IETF communities . IRSG members at large are chosen by the IRTF chair in consultation with the rest of the IRSG and on approval by the Internet Architecture Board . In addition to managing the research groups , the IRSG may from time to time hold topical workshops focusing on research areas of importance to the evolution of the Internet , or more general workshops to , for example , discuss research priorities from an Internet perspective . The IRSG also reviews and approves documents published as part of the IRTF document stream ( RFC 5743 ) . The current members of the IRSG are listed on the IRTF homepage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2528cab7de2e455229e4e9ddc8049dc", "text": "Microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer 's central processing unit ( CPU ) on a single integrated circuit ( IC ) , or at most a few integrated circuits . The microprocessor is a multipurpose , clock driven , register based , digital-integrated circuit which accepts binary data as input , processes it according to instructions stored in its memory , and provides results as output . Microprocessors contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic . Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system . The integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip or on a few chips greatly reduced the cost of processing power , increasing efficiency . Integrated circuit processors are produced in large numbers by highly automated processes resulting in a low per unit cost . Single-chip processors increase reliability as there are many fewer electrical connections to fail . As microprocessor designs get better , the cost of manufacturing a chip ( with smaller components built on a semiconductor chip the same size ) generally stays the same . Before microprocessors , small computers had been built using racks of circuit boards with many medium - and small-scale integrated circuits . Microprocessors combined this into one or a few large-scale ICs . Continued increases in microprocessor capacity have since rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete ( see history of computing hardware ) , with one or more microprocessors used in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9630f1d7afa6d75f2b1a7aa464daff", "text": "Asynchronous Layered Coding Asynchronous Layered Coding ( ALC ) is an Internet protocol for content delivery in a reliable , massively scalable , multiple-rate , and congestion-controlled manner . Specified in RFC 5775 , it is an IETF proposed standard . The protocol is specifically designed to provide massive scalability using IP multicast as the underlying network service . Massive scalability in this context means the number of concurrent receivers for an object is potentially in the millions , the aggregate size of objects to be delivered in a session ranges from hundreds of kilobytes to hundreds of gigabytes , each receiver can initiate reception of an object asynchronously , the reception rate of each receiver in the session is the maximum fair bandwidth available between that receiver and the sender , and all of this can be supported using a single sender . Because ALC is focused on reliable content delivery , the goal is to deliver objects as quickly as possible to each receiver while at the same time remaining network friendly to competing traffic . Thus , the congestion control used in conjunction with ALC should strive to maximize use of available bandwidth between receivers and the sender while at the same time backing off aggressively in the face of competing traffic . The sender side of ALC consists of generating packets based on objects to be delivered within the session and sending the appropriately formatted packets at the appropriate rates to the channels associated with the session . The receiver side of ALC consists of joining appropriate channels associated with the session , performing congestion control by adjusting the set of joined channels associated with the session in response to detected congestion , and using the packets to reliably reconstruct objects . All information flow in an ALC session is in the form of data packets sent by a single sender to channels that receivers join to receive data . ALC does specify the Session Description needed by receivers before they join a session , but the mechanisms by which receivers obtain this required information is outside the scope of ALC . An application that uses ALC may require that receivers report statistics on their reception experience back to the sender , but the mechanisms by which receivers report back statistics is outside the scope of ALC . In general , ALC is designed to be a minimal protocol instantiation that provides reliable content delivery without unnecessary limitations to the scalability of the basic protocol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89d20e4f91ecbf537570b99dc50ac48", "text": "Modem A modem ( modulator-demodulator ) is a network hardware that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information . The goal is attempting to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data . Modems can be used with any means of transmitting analog signals , from light emitting diodes to radio . A common type of modem is one that turns the digital data of a computer into modulated electrical signal for transmission over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital data . Modems are generally classified by the maximum amount of data they can send in a given unit of time , usually expressed in bits per second ( symbol bit/s , sometimes abbreviated `` bps '' ) , or bytes per second ( symbol B/s ) . Modems can also be classified by their symbol rate , measured in baud . The baud unit denotes symbols per second , or the number of times per second the modem sends a new signal . For example , the ITU V. 21 standard used audio frequency shift keying with two possible frequencies , corresponding to two distinct symbols ( or one bit per symbol ) , to carry 300 bits per second using 300 baud . By contrast , the original ITU V. 22 standard , which could transmit and receive four distinct symbols ( two bits per symbol ) , transmitted 1,200 bits by sending 600 symbols per second ( 600 baud ) using phase shift keying .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3214b51acc98e175861bc7698da211", "text": "Parallel communication In data transmission , parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits ( bits ) simultaneously . It contrasts with serial communication , which conveys only a single bit at a time ; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link . The basic difference between a parallel and a serial communication channel is the number of electrical conductors used at the physical layer to convey bits . Parallel communication implies more than one such conductor . For example , an 8-bit parallel channel will convey eight bits ( or a byte ) simultaneously , whereas a serial channel would convey those same bits sequentially , one at a time . If both channels operated at the same clock speed , the parallel channel would be eight times faster . A parallel channel may have additional conductors for other signals , such as a clock signal to pace the flow of data , a signal to control the direction of data flow , and handshaking signals . Parallel communication is and always has been widely used within integrated circuits , in peripheral buses , and in memory devices such as RAM . Computer system buses , on the other hand , have evolved over time : parallel communication was commonly used in earlier system buses , whereas serial communications are prevalent in modern computers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f36775fe3174dd8be91d31f44b687e42", "text": "Low latency (capital markets) Low latency is a topic within capital markets , where the proliferation of algorithmic trading requires firms to react to market events faster than the competition to increase profitability of trades . For example , when executing arbitrage strategies the opportunity to `` arb '' the market may only present itself for a few milliseconds before parity is achieved . To demonstrate the value that clients put on latency , a large global investment bank has stated that every millisecond lost results in $ 100m per annum in lost opportunity . What is considered `` low '' is therefore relative but also a self-fulfilling prophecy . Many organisations and companies are using the words `` ultra low latency '' to describe latencies of under 1 millisecond , but it is an evolving definition , with the amount of time considered `` low '' ever-shrinking . There are many factors which impact on the time it takes a trading system to detect an opportunity and to successfully exploit that opportunity , including : Distance between the exchange and the trading system Distance between two trading venues , in the case of for example arbitrage Efficiency of the trading system architecture : Network adaptors Choice of operating system Efficiency of the code / logic Choice of the programming language Traditional CPU vs FPGA Cabling choices : Copper vs fibre vs microwave , From a networking perspective , the speed of light `` c '' dictates one theoretical latency limit : a trading engine just 150 km ( 93 miles ) down the road from the exchange can never achieve better than 1ms return times to the exchange before one even considers the internal latency of the exchange and the trading system . This theoretical limit assumes light is travelling in a straight line in a vacuum which in practise is unlikely to happen : Firstly achieving and maintaining a vacuum over a long distance is difficult and secondly , light can not easily be beamed and received over long distances due to many factors , including the curvature of the earth , interference by particles in the air , etc. . Light travelling within dark fibre cables does not travel at the speed of light - `` c '' - since there is no vacuum and the light is constantly reflected off the walls of the cable , lengthening the effective path travelled in comparison to the length of the cable and hence slowing it down . There are also in practice several routers , switches , other cable links and protocol changes between an exchange and a trading system . As a result , most low latency trading engines will be found physically close to the exchanges , even in the same building as the exchange ( co-location ) to further reduce latency . To further reduce latency , new technologies are being employed . Wireless data transmission technology can offer speed advantages over the best cabling options , as signals can travel faster through air than fiber . Wireless transmission can also allow data to move in a straighter , more direct path than cabling routes . A crucial factor in determining the latency of a data channel is its throughput . Data rates are increasing exponentially which has a direct relation to the speed at which messages can be processed . Also , low-latency systems need not only to be able to get a message from A to B as quickly as possible , but also need to be able to process millions of messages per second . See comparison of latency and throughput for a more in-depth discussion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "708b993d70514e2e46349152e3010327", "text": "Communications, Computers, and Networks (Scientific American) The Scientific American special Issue on Communications , Computers , and Network , is a special issue of Scientific American dedicated to articles concerning impending changes to the internet in the period prior to the expansion and mainstreaming of the world wide web via Mosaic and Netscape . This issue contained essays by a number of important computer science and internet pioneers . It bore the promotional cover title : Scientific American presents the September 1991 Single Copy Issue : Communications , Computers , and Networks", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a88c9dbb4b897adb13797a42795262e", "text": "UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRAN ( short for `` Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network '' ) is a collective term for the network and equipment that connects mobile handsets to the public telephone network or the Internet . It contains the base stations , which are called Node B 's and Radio Network Controllers ( RNCs ) which make up the UMTS radio access network . This communications network , commonly referred to as 3G ( for 3rd Generation Wireless Mobile Communication Technology ) , can carry many traffic types from real-time Circuit Switched to IP based Packet Switched . The UTRAN allows connectivity between the UE ( user equipment ) and the core network . The RNC provides control functionalities for one or more Node Bs . A Node B and an RNC can be the same device , although typical implementations have a separate RNC located in a central office serving multiple Node Bs . Despite the fact that they do not have to be physically separated , there is a logical interface between them known as the Iub . The RNC and its corresponding Node Bs are called the Radio Network Subsystem ( RNS ) . There can be more than one RNS present in a UTRAN . There are four interfaces connecting the UTRAN internally or externally to other functional entities : Iu , Uu , Iub and Iur . The Iu interface is an external interface that connects the RNC to the Core Network ( CN ) . The Uu is also external , connecting the Node B with the User Equipment ( UE ) . The Iub is an internal interface connecting the RNC with the Node B. And at last there is the Iur interface which is an internal interface most of the time , but can , exceptionally be an external interface too for some network architectures . The Iur connects two RNCs with each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6359be6e46dd4d036ded1809a52e4f82", "text": "Switching circuit theory Switching circuit theory is the mathematical study of the properties of networks of idealized switches . Such networks may be strictly combinational logic , in which their output state is only a function of the present state of their inputs ; or may also contain sequential elements , where the present state depends on the present state and past states ; in that sense , sequential circuits are said to include `` memory '' of past states . An important class of sequential circuits are state machines . Switching circuit theory is applicable to the design of telephone systems , computers , and similar systems . Switching circuit theory provided the mathematical foundations and tools for digital system design in almost all areas of modern technology . From 1934 to 1936 , NEC engineer Akira Nakashima published a series of papers showing that the two-valued Boolean algebra , which he discovered independently , can describe the operation of switching circuits . His work was later cited and elaborated on in Claude Shannon 's seminal 1938 paper `` A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits '' . The principles of Boolean algebra are applied to switches , providing mathematical tools for analysis and synthesis of any switching system . Ideal switches are considered as having only two exclusive states , for example , open or closed . In some analysis , the state of a switch can be considered to have no influence on the output of the system and is designated as a `` do n't care '' state . In complex networks it is necessary to also account for the finite switching time of physical switches ; where two or more different paths in a network may affect the output , these delays may result in a `` logic hazard '' or `` race condition '' where the output state changes due to the different propagation times through the network .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ed6aa2ad18939af7fff034f81c3290e", "text": "Tom Brady Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. ( born August 3 , 1977 ) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He is one of only two players to win five Super Bowls ( the other being Charles Haley ) , the only quarterback to win five and the only player to win them all playing for one team . After playing college football for the University of Michigan , Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft . In Brady 's 15 seasons as a starter , he has quarterbacked the Patriots to seven Super Bowl appearances , the most for any player in history . Brady has been honored with four Super Bowl MVP awards ( Super Bowl XXXVI , XXXVIII , XLIX , and LI ) , the most ever by a single player , has won two league MVP awards ( 2007 and 2010 ) , has been selected to 12 Pro Bowls , and has led his team to more division titles ( 14 ) than any other quarterback in NFL history . As of the end of the 2016 season , Brady is fourth all-time in career passing yards , fourth in career touchdown passes , and third in career passer rating . His career postseason record is 25 -- 9 , winning more playoff games than any other quarterback , and he has appeared in more playoff games than any player at any position . Brady has never had a losing season as a starting quarterback in the NFL . His 208 combined regular-season and postseason wins are also the most of any quarterback in NFL history . Because of his accomplishments and accolades , many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time . Due to his late draft selection , Brady is considered to be the biggest `` steal '' in the history of the NFL Draft . For his alleged involvement in the highly publicized Deflategate football tampering scandal , Brady was suspended for the first four games of the 2016 NFL season . Subsequently , Brady went on to win Super Bowl LI and Super Bowl MVP . Brady has been married to Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen since 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8f2cba3bd169bf262c695ec68e6926da", "text": "1987 NFL Draft The 1987 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 28 -- 29 , 1987 , at the Marriot Marquis in New York City , New York . The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9919f31c05bcca76ed9707b74bb16a3f", "text": "1961 NFL expansion draft The 1961 NFL expansion draft was a National Football League ( NFL ) draft in which a new expansion team , named the Minnesota Vikings , selected its first players . That selection was provided by the expansion draft , held on January 26 , 1961 . In August 1959 , a group of Minneapolis businessmen were awarded a franchise in the new American Football League ( AFL ) . In January 1960 , they forfeited their AFL membership and were awarded a 90 % stake in the 14th franchise of the NFL ( the other 10 % , under a decades-old agreement , went to former Duluth Kelleys/Eskimos owner Ole Haugsrud ) . Though the ownership group had participated in the 1960 American Football League draft before jumping leagues to the NFL , they did not take any of the players they selected in that draft with them . As such , they entered the 1961 draft with an empty roster . So that the Vikings could become competitive with existing teams , the league awarded the Vikings the first pick in the 1961 NFL draft and gave them the opportunity to select current players from existing teams . In the expansion draft , the existing franchises listed players from which the Vikings could select to switch to the new team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f33518f42fb59cf2f80c410f4af3a400", "text": "List of New England Patriots first-round draft picks The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region . Since 1960 , the Patriots have selected 61 players in the first round , five of these being the first overall pick . Due to trades , the team did not make a first round selection during the 1972 , 1974 , 2000 , 2009 , 2013 , 2016 , or 2017 drafts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "392d4c900d43a58584990beb38feba3d", "text": "1974 New England Patriots season The New England Patriots finished the National Football League 's 1974 season with a record of seven wins and seven losses , and finished tied for third in the AFC East Division . The Pats stunned the Super Bowl Champion Miami Dolphins in Week 1 at Schaffer Stadium . The Pats would go on to win their first five games on their way to a 6-1 start . However , they would struggle in the second half winning only one game before finishing with a 7-7 record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "527c321841cf0ee7c61b797d336602c9", "text": "Bobby Leo Bobby Leo is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver , tailback , kick returner , and punt returner for two seasons for the Boston Patriots . He was a prominent football figure at Harvard and Everett High School , both in Massachusetts . Leo is the only Massachusetts High School football athlete to earn All-Scholastic honors for three years . He did so despite missing half his senior year to a separated shoulder early in the season against Arlington High School . Leo attended Harvard College where he played football , baseball and ran track . A Sports Illustrated college football feature in its 10/31/1966 issue praised Leo and included a photo and quotations from an interview with him after an important Harvard victory against Dartmouth . Leo earned All-Ivy honors , was named the top back in New England and was an honorable mention All-American . He is a member of the Harvard Hall of Fame . Leo was drafted by the Boston Patriots in the first combined NFL/AFL draft in 1967 . He remains the earliest Harvard player drafted by the Patriots , taken as the Patriots ' 5th draft pick in the seventh round , and is still the only Harvard player to score a touchdown for the Patriots . After serving a stint in the military , Leo joined the team toward the end of the season in 1967 . His first game was a memorable one . On national television against the Buffalo Bills , Leo was the primary kick and punt returner for the Patriots . He electrified the crowd at Fenway Park with one of the top 10 longest punt returns in the American Football League that season , a 42-yard sprint past the entire Bills coverage team , before slipping on the mud in Fenway 's baseball infield dirt , inside the ten yard line , while evading the Bills punter . His first professional reception was a 25-yard touchdown in the final moments of the game . The following season , during the Patriots training camp at Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , Leo impressed the coaching staff with his speed as compared to the Patriots latest draft picks . The training camp issue of Pats Patter ( the Patriots official newsletter ) featured a photo of Leo exhibiting his heroics for the Patriots at Fenway Park in that late season game with the caption `` Leo exhibits his breakaway potential against the Buffalo Bills , '' along with a brief piece describing his amazing speed . He started camp that year back at his college position as a tailback . Indeed , he was listed as second of five players on the depth chart in the team 's official 1968 Patriots Media Guide at the halfback position . During the long preseason ( which included games against both AFL and NFL teams ) , the coaching staff decided to move him to receiver again , with great success . He had a productive game at that position against the Saints in a game played at Tulane University . Against the Jets in a game in Richmond , Virginia , he led the team both in pass receptions and receiving yards , and was moved to the starting lineup the following week against the Dolphins . He concluded his success at flanker by scoring in an AFL v. NFL game against the Philadelphia Eagles at his old stomping grounds , Harvard Stadium , and serving as the team 's primary kick and punt returner . The promotional materials for that game featured Leo prominently with a photo and article noting how well he played in when he joined the club the prior year and predicting that we would see `` quite a bit of action '' at both flanker back and halfback in the 1968 season . However , various injuries held him back as other veteran receivers pushed for more playing time , but he maintained his starting spot on the punt and kick return squads as the regular season began . After returning punts and kickoffs in the first game of the regular season in Buffalo , the following week Leo suffered a serious injury in a practice scrimmage inflicted by a teammate and was hospitalized for four days . As a result of a bye week for the Patriots in week two of the regular season , the team had a week layoff before their next game , and was required to make roster moves because their primary punter was hurt as well . The coaching staff asked Leo to accept a temporary assignment to the taxi squad as he recovered from his injury . Leo refused , and retired from the game . After the 1968 season , Leo decided to return to academics , attending law school in the Boston area and practicing law for many years thereafter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240774435a545023ba5e7201f76d0f53", "text": "AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent . These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams . The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure . Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with . The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others . Category : American Football League draft Category : National Football League Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4b9728116e3e317e5f8c20011221ce1", "text": "David Carr (American football) David Duke Carr ( born July 21 , 1979 ) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was drafted by the Houston Texans first overall in the 2002 NFL Draft . He played college football at Fresno State . Carr also played professionally for the Carolina Panthers , New York Giants , and San Francisco 49ers . He received a Super Bowl ring as a backup for the Giants after their victory over the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLVI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c0abd67eca9314f5ddbbbedd4ec636", "text": "1966 NFL expansion draft The 1966 NFL expansion draft was a National Football League ( NFL ) draft in which a new expansion team , named the Atlanta Falcons , selected its first players . On June 30 , 1965 , NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle So that the Falcons could become competitive with existing teams , the league awarded the Falcons the first pick in the 1966 NFL Draft , supplemented with the final pick in the first five rounds . The NFL also gave the new team the opportunity to select current players from existing teams . That selection was provided by the expansion draft , held on February 15 , 1966 . In this draft , held six weeks after the regular draft , the existing franchises listed players from which the Falcons could select to switch to the new team . Each of the 14 established teams froze 29 players on their 40-man rosters that opened the 1965 season ( That made 154 players available . ) . Atlanta picked one of the 11 and then each team froze two more . Atlanta was able to select two more for a total of 42 players chosen . The Falcons paid $ 8.5 million for the franchise . ( Feb 17 , 1966 St. Petersburg Times . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af45b1e16282563987d16f1782285af1", "text": "Raymond Clayborn Raymond DeWayne Clayborn ( born January 2 , 1955 in Fort Worth , Texas ) is a former American Football cornerback who played for the New England Patriots ( 1977 -- 1989 ) and Cleveland Browns ( 1990 , 1991 ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Before his NFL career , attended Green B. Trimble Technical High School and played for the University of Texas at Austin . Clayborn had a superb career with the Patriots , making the Pro Bowl three times , pairing with Hall of Famer Mike Haynes to form one of the finest cornerback tandems in modern NFL history . As a rookie , he returned 28 kickoffs for 869 yards and a league-leading 3 touchdowns , giving him an NFL-best and Patriots franchise record 31.0 yards per return average . He was instrumental in the New England 's 1985 AFC Title season , recording six regular season interceptions and providing shutdown coverage as the wild-card entry Patriots won three road playoff games en route to an improbable appearance in Super Bowl XX . In the Patriots 31-14 Conference Championship win over the Miami Dolphins , Clayborn helped frustrated Miami quarterback Dan Marino into having a terrible game during which he completed only 20 of 48 passes for 248 yards . Clayborn made one of two Patriots interceptions during the upset . In the subsequent 46-10 loss against the Bears in Super Bowl XX , the Patriots were undone by turnovers and smothered by Chicago 's crushing 46 defense . Though Bears quarterbacks completed only 12 passes for 258 yards with no touchdowns , New England 's secondary was beaten several times on catches for big gains . Clayborn recovered one of two Chicago fumbles while watching his offense turn the ball over six times . An infamous story about a 1979 lockerroom confrontation between Clayborn and Boston Globe reporter Will McDonough has it that Clayborn , frustrated by his play after a 56-3 rout of the New York Jets , got into a shoving match with McDonough . The writer is said to have knocked the 6 ' 0 '' 200 lbs . Pro Bowl corner into a laundry cart , but the story is likely apocryphal . Clayborn finished his career with 36 interceptions , which he returned for 555 yards and a touchdown . He also returned 57 kickoffs for 1,538 yards and 3 touchdowns , and recovered 4 fumbles . At the time of his retirement , his 36 interceptions were a Patriots record . He is currently the NFL Uniform Program Representative for the Houston Texans . He was elected to the New England Patriots Hall of Fame in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b87290a9efa71c876a7c6db8ab03ad", "text": "National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday . In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN . The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80387cd03bb54a876958aa4b65ff66b3", "text": "History of the New England Patriots The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William `` Billy '' Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers , owned by Joseph Sullivan , were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League ( AFL ) on November 16 , 1959 . The following winter , locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team 's official name . On February 20 , 1960 , Sullivan chose `` Boston Patriots '' , which was suggested by 74 fans , among them Larry Kepnes . Immediately thereafter , artist Phil Bissell developed the `` Pat Patriot '' logo . The Patriots ' time in the AFL saw them without a regular home stadium . Nickerson Field , Harvard Stadium , Fenway Park , and Alumni Stadium , all in or near Boston , served as home fields during their time in the American Football League . Early Patriots stars included defensive tackles Jim Lee `` Earthquake '' Hunt and Houston Antwine ; quarterback Vito `` Babe '' Parilli ; and flanker-placekicker Gino `` The Duke '' Cappelletti . Hunt , Parilli and Cappelletti played every year of the existence of the AFL , with Hunt and Cappelletti spending all ten years with the Patriots . Cappelletti was the all-time leading scorer in the AFL . Later the Patriots were joined by such stars as defensive end Larry Eisenhauer , fullback Jim Nance , and middle linebacker and future Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti . Cappelletti and Nance were AFL Most Valuable Players , Cappelletti in 1964 and Nance in 1966 . Buoniconti and Antwine were later named to the American Football League All-Time Team . The Boston Patriots defeated the Buffalo Bills in an AFL Eastern Division playoff game in 1963 , and played in the 1963 AFL championship game , losing to the San Diego Chargers 51 -- 10 . Although they would not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years , in the AFL , the Patriots often challenged the dominant Bills for the Eastern Division title . When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970 , the Patriots were placed in the AFC East division , where they still play today . The following year , the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , a suburb of Boston , which would serve as their home for 30 years ; the team also changed their name to the New England Patriots to reflect the location change , as well as its following throughout the region as its only NFL team ( though both New York City teams have substantial followings in parts of Connecticut as well ) . During the 1970s , the Patriots had some success , earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976 -- as a wild card-berth -- and in 1978 -- as AFC East champions . They would lose both games . In 1985 , they returned to the playoffs , and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX , which they lost against the Chicago Bears 46 -- 10 . Following their Super Bowl loss , they returned to the playoffs in 1986 , but lost in the first round . The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years . They changed ownership several times in that period , being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988 , who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992 . Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis , Missouri , but sold the team two years later to current owner , local businessman Robert Kraft in 1994 . Though Orthwein 's period as owner was short and controversial , he did oversee major changes to the team . Former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells was hired in 1993 , and the drastic changes were made the same year to the Patriots uniforms , changing their primary colors from their traditional red and white to blue and silver , and introducing a new logo . Parcells would bring the Patriots to two playoff appearances , including Super Bowl XXXI , which they lost to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 35 -- 21 . Pete Carroll , Parcells ' successor , would also take the team to the playoffs twice . Bill Belichick , current head coach , was hired in 2000 , and a new home field , Gillette Stadium was opened in 2002 . Under Belichick , the team won three Super Bowls in four years , and finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16 -- 0 record , becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated , and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games ; however , they ended that season with an 18-1 record after their loss to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII . The Patriots have made the playoffs in 12 of the 15 seasons that Belichick has been coach , missing them only in 2000 ( his first season ) , 2002 , and 2008 . They later faced the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1 , 2015 , and won by a score of 28-24 . The Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d803127c8dffe9c66c3bd3499364ea39", "text": "Matt Ryan (American football) Matthew Thomas Ryan ( born May 17 , 1985 ) , nicknamed Matty Ice , is an American football quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League ( NFL ) . After playing college football for Boston College , Ryan was drafted by the Falcons with the third overall pick in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft . Ryan was Boston College 's starting quarterback from 2005 to 2007 , leading them to three bowl victories and a 25 -- 7 record in 32 starts . He threw for 200 or more yards 15 times and is third all time in school history in passing yards and in pass completions . He earned MVP of the game honors at the 2005 MPC Computers Bowl . In 2007 , Ryan led his team to an ACC Atlantic Division championship and was named ACC Player of the Year . During his rookie year , Ryan started all 16 games for the Falcons and led them to the playoffs with an 11 -- 5 season record . He earned honors as the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year . In 2016 , Ryan was the NFL 's Most Valuable Player and led the Falcons to Super Bowl LI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a8f87fb1b025cbfeed6d741926ee26e", "text": "List of Miami Dolphins first-round draft picks The Miami Dolphins , a professional American football team based in Miami , Florida , are part of the Eastern Division of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Dolphins were founded by Joseph Robbie and Danny Thomas in 1965 . They began playing in the American Football League ( AFL ) as an expansion team in 1966 and joined the NFL as part of the AFL -- NFL merger in 1967 . They first participated in the 1966 AFL Annual Player Selection Meeting , more commonly known as the NFL Draft . In the annual NFL Draft , each franchise seeks to add new players to its roster . Teams are ranked in reverse order based on the previous season 's record , with the worst record picking first , the second worst picking second and so on . The two exceptions to this order are made for teams that appeared in the previous Super Bowl ; the Super Bowl champion always picks 32nd , and the Super Bowl loser always picks 31st . Teams have the option of trading away their picks to other teams for different picks , players , cash , or a combination thereof . Thus , it is not uncommon for a team 's actual draft pick to differ from their assigned draft pick , or for a team to have extra or no draft picks in any round due to these trades . As an expansion team in the AFL , the Dolphins were granted the first two picks in the 1966 American Football League Draft . They selected Jim Grabowski and Rick Norton with the first and second picks , respectively . The Dolphins ' first selection as an NFL team was Bob Griese , a quarterback from Purdue . The team 's most recent first-round selection was Laremy Tunsil , an Offensive tackle from Mississippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae1e2d15ad6b79e11916dbad13b78fc", "text": "Jacoby Brissett Jacoby Brissett ( born December 11 , 1992 ) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Florida and NC State . He was drafted by the Patriots in the third round of the 2016 NFL Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534fd679e6e2ba42edfba47ca765a4ca", "text": "Charles Haley Charles Lewis Haley ( born January 6 , 1964 ) is a former American football linebacker and defensive end who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the San Francisco 49ers ( 1986 -- 1991 , 1998 -- 1999 ) and the Dallas Cowboys ( 1992 -- 1996 ) . A versatile defensive player , Haley began his career as a specialty outside linebacker , eventually progressing to pass-rusher and finally full-fledged defensive end . He is the first five-time Super Bowl champion , and is one of only two such players , the other being Tom Brady . Haley was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011 and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c3f4430725f3cfbc512eda18da149f", "text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers . The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record . NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 . The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6691e846e6e08e23c520f3fc5970ff38", "text": "2004 NFL Draft The 2004 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 24 -- 25 , 2004 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City . No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year . The draft was shown on ESPN both days and eventually moved to ESPN2 both days . The draft began with the San Diego Chargers selecting Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning with the first overall selection . Manning was later traded to the New York Giants for their first selection , fourth overall pick Philip Rivers of NC State . There were 32 compensatory selections distributed among 16 teams , with the Eagles , Rams , and Jets each receiving 4 compensatory picks . The draft set several records , including the most wide receivers selected in the first round , with seven . Another record set by the draft was the most trades in the first round , with twenty-eight trades . The University of Miami set an NFL record for the most first rounders drafted with 6 . Ohio State set an NFL draft record having 14 total players selected through all rounds . As of 2012 , this draft also has two other records attached to it : it became the draft with the shortest time between having multiple quarterbacks being drafted and starting for Super Bowl winners ( Ben Roethlisberger for the 2005 Steelers , and Manning for the 2007 Giants ) and it has become the first draft ever to have produced two QBs who each won multiple Super Bowls ( with Roethlisberger winning his second in 2008 and Eli his second in 2011 ) . The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of : __ TOC __", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a6c15bebec9f59a3cd28f99b6b2eb706", "text": "Carole King Carole King ( born Carol Joan Klein , February 9 , 1942 ) is an American composer and singer-songwriter . She is the most successful female songwriter of the latter half of the 20th century , having written or co-written 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1955 and 1999 . King also wrote 61 hits that charted in the UK , making her the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts between 1952 and 2005 . King 's career began in the 1960s when she , along with her then husband Gerry Goffin , wrote more than two dozen chart hits for numerous artists , many of which have become standards . She has continued writing for other artists since then . King 's success as a performer in her own right did not come until the 1970s , when she sang her own songs , accompanying herself on the piano , in a series of albums and concerts . After experiencing commercial disappointment with her debut album Writer , King scored her breakthrough with the album Tapestry , which topped the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks in 1971 and remained on the charts for more than six years . King has made 25 solo albums , the most successful being Tapestry , which held the record for most weeks at No. 1 by a female artist for more than 20 years . Her most recent non-compilation album was Live at the Troubadour in 2010 , a collaboration with James Taylor that reached number 4 on the charts in its first week and has sold over 600,000 copies . Her records sales were estimated at more than 75 million copies worldwide . She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting . She is the recipient of the 2013 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song , the first woman to be so honored . She is also a 2015 Kennedy Center Honoree .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7ab7550a846cef7dbbf8396e7cdbe988", "text": "Theatre Museum Canada The Theatre Museum Canada was founded by Herbert Whittaker in 1982 , for the purpose of preserving and celebrating Canada 's theatrical cultural heritage . The museum 's honorary patron is Christopher Plummer . One of Theatre Museum Canada 's ongoing projects is the Legends Library , which consists of filmed interviews of Canadian theatre icons such as William Hutt and Robert LePage . In addition to their online exhibits , the museum tours exhibits to various venues in Toronto . On August 30 , 2011 David Mirvish announced that a space of 9,675 square feet was to be allocated for the Museum in a `` great location '' in Toronto 's theatre district . located at 355 King Street West . The museum will have a home in the new King Blue Condominium , Retail and Hotel project at King Street & Blue Jays Way . This is just down the street from The TIFF Bell Lightbox - and about 2 blocks away from the proposed Mirvish/Gehry Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e8e1bf63f9b129d9d0f5344ae18dfab", "text": "King, Ontario King ( 2016 population 24,512 ) is a township in York Region north of Toronto , within the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario , Canada . The rolling hills of the Oak Ridges Moraine are the most prominent visible geographical feature of King . The Holland Marsh , considered to be Ontario 's `` vegetable basket '' , straddles King Township and Bradford West Gwillimbury . King is known for its horse and cattle farms . Though King is predominantly rural , most of its residents inhabit the communities of King City , Nobleton , and Schomberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8bc7561cd21abe37928cbee8755339", "text": "Betty Kennedy Betty Margaret Hannah Kennedy , ( January 4 , 1926 -- March 20 , 2017 ) was a Canadian broadcaster , journalist , author , and Senator , who is best known for her work on radio and television . Born and raised in Ottawa , Ontario , the daughter of Walter Herbert Styran and Janet Kincaid ( McPhee ) Styran , Kennedy graduated from Lisgar Collegiate Institute , and began her career with the Ottawa Citizen . She became a broadcaster , as a host of a local radio show , during a newspaper strike . She was soon hired away by CFRB in Toronto where she became host of The Betty Kennedy Show in 1959 ; the daily interview and public affairs show remained on the air for 27 years with Kennedy interviewing 25,000 guests ranging from Pierre Trudeau to Debbie Reynolds . In 1962 , she joined the panel of the current affairs quiz show Front Page Challenge on CBC Television , remaining with the show until it went off the air in 1995 . She wrote two books : Gerhard : A love story ( 1975 ) , about her late first husband , and Hurricane Hazel ( 1979 ) . Kennedy also had a vital career as an Executive Producer for television . Her series , Insight with Betty Kennedy , aired on TV Ontario ( OECA ) during the early 1970s . Robert Gardner , who worked with Kennedy as a studio director on the series , said of her : `` She was remarkable . We would tape five half hour interviews live-to-tape in a single day . She would prep each of the sessions with very prominent guests and would flawlessly interview them . Often there was only a space of fifteen minutes between each program . There were no re-takes and not a single chance for error . '' She also executive-produced Leave this Not to Cain ( narrated by Pierre Berton ) , This Vibrant Land , and she hosted An Eye for Eternity ( the international fine arts exhibition at Montreal ) . Kennedy 's first husband , businessman Gerhard Kennedy , died of cancer in 1975 . Her second husband was G. Allan Burton ( 1915 -- 2002 ) , CEO and Chairman of now defunct Simpsons department stores . She was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien on June 20 , 2000 . She retired less than six months later on her 75th birthday . Kennedy resided in Campbellville , Ontario , near Milton , Ontario with Burton . Kennedy died on March 20 , 2017 , aged 91 . Kennedy was named to both the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame and the Canadian News Hall of Fame and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c834d6a0cd3d792f9136ac727ead41a", "text": "Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics . Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada . Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6af495d04116d39b116267b36b19a76", "text": "Norman Foote Norman Mervyn Barrington-Foote is a Canadian musician , songwriter , and comedian . Foote is originally from Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . He has been nominated for four Juno Awards for Best Children 's Album in 1990 , 1993 , 2001 , and won in 2010 . He has written for Walt Disney Records , Shari Lewis , CBC 's syndicated TV show Scoop and Doozie , KOBA 's production of Nelvana 's Little Bear Live and Backyardigans Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a366b2844e836b66ed81991a20454674", "text": "List of number-one singles of 2007 (Canada) From January 2007 to June 2007 , the number-one singles in Canada were compiled by the American-based music sales tracking company , Nielsen SoundScan . The chart is compiled every Wednesday , and is published by Jam ! Canoe on Thursdays . In June 2007 , Billboard magazine created the Canadian Hot 100 , a chart specifically designed for Canada and the first Hot 100 chart that Billboard created for a country outside the United States . The chart first appeared in the Billboard issue dated June 16 , 2007 , and was made available for the first time via their online services on June 7 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae4ecc1f16a4c1c6edd97e1d78976fe", "text": "Artis Award The Artis Award is based on popular vote and is presented for achievements in French-Canadian ( Québécois ) television ; called in French the Prix Artis . Many notable Québécois performing artists have been honored with this award , like Rémy Girard ( 2006 ) . The Artis Award is the successor of the MetroStar Award . The sponsorship of this award and its name were changed in 2006 . From the current Artis Gala website : '' ... This gala enables the public to honor its favorite artists from Québécois television . '' ( '' ... ce gala permet au public de rendre hommage à ses artistes favoris de la télévision québécoise . '' ) At the first Gala Artis , held in Montreal on Sunday , April 30 , 2006 , Céline Dion performed `` Tout près du bonheur '' ( in French only ) with Marc Dupré .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29d1b29f4c9e83edfaa8784ee119f99c", "text": "Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Achievement in Music – Original Song The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Achievement in Music : Original Song to the best original song in a Canadian motion picture . From 1980 to 2011 , the award was presented as part of the Genie Awards ; since 2012 , it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f096cc4f73e6b6bc209bb331e34dc524", "text": "Carole Carole is a feminine given name ( see Carl for more information ) . Carole may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e432359ea7f5c5cee055bdaadf72cfd7", "text": "Ottawa Folklore Centre The Ottawa Folklore Centre was an instrument and music store in Ottawa , the national capital of Canada . It closed in July 2015 due to bankruptcy . It mostly sold stringed instruments , such as guitars , banjos , basses , and many uncommon ethnic instruments . It sells mostly acoustic guitars , although it does sell electric guitars and amplifiers . The Ottawa Folklore Centre published books of Canadian music . Titles include : Coast to Coast Fever ( out of print ) ; All the Diamonds , an early collection of songs by Bruce Cockburn ; The Stan Rogers Songbook ; Roma McMillan 's Valley Waltzes ( out of print ) ; Rumours of Glory , the second collection of songs by Bruce Cockburn ; The Canadian Pub Caroler , edited by Shelley Posen four part rare Christmas songs ; Maddie 's Beginner Tin Whistle Method and The Music of Canoesongs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d0d1f53ef6b3d671afd3dfb121e177", "text": "Canadian Musical Reproduction Rights Agency The Canadian Musical Reproduction Rights Agency Ltd. ( CMRRA ) is a music licensing agency based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Founded in 1975 , CMRRA is a music licensing collective representing music rightsholders who range in size from large multinational music publishers to individual songwriters . On their behalf , CMRRA issues licences to individuals or organizations for the reproduction of songs on various media . Licensees pay royalties to CMRRA which , in turn , CMRRA distributes to its publisher clients . The royalty rates are determined pursuant to negotiated agreements or tariffs certified by the Copyright Board of Canada . Online licensing and the broadcast mechanical are carried on through CMRRA 's joint venture with Montreal-based SODRAC , CMRRA-SODRAC Inc. ( CSI ) Representation by CMRRA is open to any person , firm or corporation which owns or administers one or more musical works with respect to Canada . CMRRA is governed by a Board of Directors elected every two years by the members of the Canadian Music Publishers Association ( CMPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988984b2de74fae0388e1e9e197f0a36", "text": "Carole Facal Carole Facal , is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Quebec . She writes and performs mainly in French under the stage name Caracol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b89b5f6a7edc7331eea7e8fd5b90f28", "text": "Juno Award for Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year The Juno Award for `` Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year '' has been awarded since 1994 , as recognition each year for the best Christian/Gospel music album in Canada . A separate organization , GMA Canada , hands out a full array of awards for Canadian Contemporary Christian/Gospel music , covering a wide range of genres , each year with the annual Covenant Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee259ca1aed86189a076c1cbd1b539bb", "text": "Bivouac Mountain Encyclopedia The Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia is an organization based in Vancouver , British Columbia founded in 1995 to provide information on Canada 's mountains , backroads and trails . It is aimed at hikers and mountaineers , a similar audience to the Canadian Alpine Journal or a guidebook . The articles are supported by a GIS database and mapping system . The organization maintains a structured database of mountains for all Canada with access trails and backroads . The online reference database has about 30,000 mountains , 4000 backroads and 3000 trails . The initial core of the website was the mountain , road and trail databases . In 2009 , a project was begun to upgrade the road and trail database , taking advantage of the newer air photos currently available via Google Earth . This has resulted in numerous corrections to previous data based on government maps . Roads and trails were classified and color coded according to their current conditions reported by about 7000 road bulletins written by eye witness users of the roads . In October 2000 , a major project involving about 30 volunteer editors was begun to catalog every Canadian and US mountain . The initial scope was to catalog every peak over 300 meters of topographic prominence . The source of the data in Canada was the 1:50,000 series National Topographic Series maps , and in the United States , the USGS maps . In British Columbia the source was the TRIM data published by British Columbia Basemap . The catalog involved charting and cataloging many peaks without official name . Many of these peaks had `` standing names '' in the previous authoritative guidebooks such as Climber 's Guide to the Rocky Mountains of Canada , first published in 1921 , and `` A Guide to Climbing and Hiking in Southwestern British Columbia '' published in 1986 by Bruce Fairley , and these were adopted by Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia . Previously uncharted peaks were assigned letter codes , geographic names and provisional names . The first phase of the cataloging was completed in 2003 and from then on , a steady trickle of updates were made as errors were reported . In 2012 , a major project was begun to systematically recheck every peak , now plotted on the newer mapping systems of the website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1035c8448112954a89eb8c326a5d933", "text": "Court and Spark Court and Spark is a 1974 album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . It was an immediate commercial and critical success -- and remains her most successful album . Released in January 1974 , it was Mitchell 's sixth studio album ; it infuses her folk rock style , which she developed throughout her previous five albums , with jazz inflections . It reached No. 2 in the United States and No. 1 in Canada and eventually received a Double Platinum certification by the RIAA , the highest of Mitchell 's career . It also reached the Top 20 in the UK and was voted the best album of the year for 1974 in The Village Voice Pazz & Jop Critics Poll . In 2003 it was listed at # 111 in Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa75609c4bb251645c001931defc7099", "text": "Juno Awards of 1994 The Juno Awards of 1994 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 20 March 1994 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre . Roch Voisine was the host for the ceremonies , which were taped that afternoon for broadcast that evening on CBC Television . Nominations were announced 8 February 1994 . Starting in 1994 , the Best New Solo Artist combined the former Most Promising Male and Female Vocalist categories . Reggae also received its own category , after years of being included under banners such as `` world beat '' or mixed with calypso . A new category for aboriginal music was also introduced and was awarded by Robbie Robertson . The award faced controversy after nominee Sazacha Red Sky was accused of cultural appropriation by Leonard George son of Chief Dan George , the alleged writer of the song that has since been registered as Public Domain , because she was not personally a member of the Tsleil-Waututh First Nation and according to Leonard George did not have the right to record it under their cultural traditions . His son Leonard George sought a legal injunction to prevent the award from being presented at the Juno Awards ceremony at all , and a final compromise revising Red Sky 's nomination to reflect the album instead of the song was announced on the morning of the ceremony . Around the time of the 1994 ceremonies , there were plans to host the 1995 ceremonies in Winnipeg . However , Juno organisers CARAS was demanding substantial funding from the Winnipeg committee attempting to host the awards . Atlantic group The Rankin Family was the major winner in 1994 , winning awards in four categories including Entertainer of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89abecc61396f73d421c1fed36cfe8c", "text": "Red Leaf Records Red Leaf Records was founded in January 1965 by independent Canadian record producers Duff Roman and Danny Mostoway ( Roman Records ) , Art Snider and David Pears ( Chateau , Canatal , ACT ) and Stan Klees ( Tamarac , Bigland ) , . Believing that radio stations , record dealers and consumers had become confused by the profusion of small labels whose releases were far and few between and scantily promoted and advertised , Red Leaf 's founders retired their own labels to join forces in a national super-independent Each unit operated independent of each other , but capitalized on the identity of a larger , cohesive organization . The next year ( 1966 ) the label won the Juno Gold Leaf award for `` Canadian Content Company '' . Beginning in early 1965 , Red Leaf released records by a wide array of artists , including rock and pop acts like The Paupers David Clayton Thomas and Bobby Vann from Toronto , The Characters from Ottawa and The British Modbeats from St. Catharines . Other releases featured soul singers Shirley Matthews and Jay Jackson , girl groups like The Allan Sisters and The Charmaines , the country duo The Rainvilles , novelty records by The Teenyboppers and radio jock Dave Mickey , and even a Christmas 45 . The label released two LP 's and about three dozen singles before dissolving in the late 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e2386492e00c845b7c1a6a3eed20ca", "text": "Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia . Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbef9f5d6eb2383f9a6439ee8b8832a2", "text": "Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields . In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton . The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens . The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada . As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a1892430e90c9101d0da284d1cbc57d2", "text": "Washington (state) Washington ( -LSB- ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States located north of Oregon , west of Idaho , and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia on the coast of the Pacific Ocean . Named after George Washington , the first President of the United States , the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory , which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute . It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889 . Olympia is the state capital . Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington , D.C. , the capital of the U.S. , which is often shortened to Washington . Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles ( 184,827 sq km ) , and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people . Approximately 60 percent of Washington 's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area , the center of transportation , business , and industry along the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea , an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands , deep fjords , and bays carved out by glaciers . The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west , mountain ranges in the west , central , northeast and far southeast , and a semi-arid basin region in the east , central , and south , given over to intensive agriculture . Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States , after California . Mount Rainier , an active stratovolcano , is the state 's highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet ( 4,392 m ) and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States . Washington is a leading lumber producer . Its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir , hemlock , ponderosa pine , white pine , spruce , larch , and cedar . The state is the biggest producer of apples , hops , pears , red raspberries , spearmint oil , and sweet cherries , and ranks high in the production of apricots , asparagus , dry edible peas , grapes , lentils , peppermint oil , and potatoes . Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue , and the commercial fishing of salmon , halibut , and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state 's economy . Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles , shipbuilding and other transportation equipment , lumber , food processing , metals and metal products , chemicals , and machinery . Washington has over 1,000 dams , including the Grand Coulee Dam , built for a variety of purposes including irrigation , power , flood control , and water storage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17684f4c093ee1f072122528b4f5e4e0", "text": "Seattle Seattle ( -LSB- siˈætəl -RSB- ) is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 704,352 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1 % . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1 % annual growth rate . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 mi south of the Canada -- United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling . The Seattle area was previously inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named `` Seattle '' in 1852 , after Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes . Logging was Seattle 's first major industry , but by the late-19th century , the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush . Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company , which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing . The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s , with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region . In 1994 , Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle . The stream of new software , biotechnology , and Internet companies led to an economic revival , which increased the city 's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000 . Seattle has a noteworthy musical history . From 1918 to 1951 , nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street , from the current Chinatown / International District , to the Central District . The jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles , Quincy Jones , Ernestine Anderson , and others . Seattle is also the birthplace of hip-hop sensation Neema , rock musician Jimi Hendrix , origin of the bands Nirvana , Pearl Jam , Soundgarden , Alice in Chains and the alternative rock subgenre grunge .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1324503cd8b963dafc63b698e9397d4a", "text": "District of Columbia statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including a combined statistical area and a metropolitan statistical area in the District of Columbia . The district has no counties or other legal subdivisions . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas . thumb | 578px | An enlargeable map of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b26d75ef4e937bed4c1d7636de757fd", "text": "Unison, Virginia Unison is an unincorporated community village in Loudoun County , Virginia . It is located approximately five miles from Middleburg in the Loudoun Valley . Founded in about 1740 by Quakers who had migrated down from Pennsylvania , via Maryland and across the Potomac to the fertile farmlands of Northern Virginia , the village and its surrounds - later to become known as Union , and then Unison - was referred to as `` Greenland '' or `` Butterland '' in early 1800 's deeds . The name `` Butterland '' was said to have come about as a nod to the Royal taxes at the time being collected in pounds of butter , rather than coin . In 1813 Virginia 's General Assembly chartered the village as the Town of Union . That same year the federal government established the Union Post Office , discontinued twice in its early years , from 1820-1824 , and in 1828 . The post office was reestablished in 1829 under Union 's new name of Unison which was forced on the town largely because Monroe Court House in Monroe County , VA had taken the name Union a few years prior , even though its own post office had been established 4 years after Loudoun 's Union post office . Unfortunately for Loudoun 's Union , Monroe County got preferred treatment because their courthouse was situated in their town of Union . By the 1830s Unison was the 4th largest town in Loudoun County . Yardley Taylor , writing for Joseph Martin 's Gazetteer of Virginia in 1835 , used the old name `` Union '' to identify Unison and counted 25 dwellings , 3 houses of worship , a school , 2 general stores , a blacksmith , and a tavern . Among the 135 inhabitants there were a number of professionals including a lawyer and 3 physicians . As the prospect of a civil war loomed on the horizon at the opening of the 1960s , the last vote of the Unison Precinct on May 23 , 1961 - a count to affirm Virginia 's secession from the Federal Union - was 150-0 , the largest shutout vote for secession in the county . All the Quaker pacifists had remained home during the voting , so their voices against secession were never heard . During the war the village was the scene of a pitched fight between forces under J.E.B. Stuart and Union cavalry , infantry and artillery in what is now known as the Battle of Unison . Because of the time gained by Stuart 's delaying tactics at Unison , a major portion of Lee 's force had crossed the Blue Ridge , reached Culpeper and now had time to regroup and prepare for the next major encounter between the two sides at Fredricksburg . Lee 's army and his capital were saved . On November 5 , 1862 , the New York Times correspondent aptly reported `` Stuart ... balked what might have been a splendid success '' . On Sept. 22 , 2011 , due to the successful efforts of the Unison Preservation Society 's research and documentation into the important historical significance of the battles and skirmishes that took place in and around the Unison area , Virginia 's State Review Board and Virginia 's Historic Resources Board both voted unanimously to place the 8,000-acre Unison Battlefield Historic District in the Virginia Landmarks Register . They simultaneously recommended to the National Park Service that the battlefield be placed on the National Register of Historic Places . The United States National Park Service approved the recommendation from the State of Virginia , and the Unison Battlefield Historic District is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places . After the war Unison continued to hold its distinction of Loudoun County 's 4th largest town for only a few more years . By the late 1870s towns along the railroad line running through western Loudoun County , which missed Unison by 8 miles , saw their populations boom , and soon outstripped Unison in both commercial and population importance . Unison 's post office remained until 1919 when the mails were discontinued to the town , the post office was closed , and mail delivery moved to the post office in nearby town of Round Hill which was served by the Washington and Old Dominion Rail Road . However , even into the middle of the 20th century , Unison maintained itself as a viable town with its own churches , general store , and a saddle shop , and even a baseball team that played in the Loudoun baseball leagues . By the 1980s the town had been in decline , too far away from the new highways that now carried the bulk of Loudoun 's commerce and population . By the 1990s the town had become little more than a sleepy residential enclave with only 50 permanent residences and 14 or so houses . The last retail enterprise , the Unison Store , a general store that had been in continuous business since 1880 , closed in August 1996 because there was n't enough trade to keep it alive . In 2001 the vacant Unison Store building was being considered by a buyer as a tear down . This news prompted a local gathering of residents to attempt to save the building . They formed a 501 -LSB- c -RSB- 3 non-profit group , incorporated as `` The Unison Preservation Society '' , their stated goal to help protect and preserve the historic village and surrounding countryside of Unison . As a result of their efforts Unison was placed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in 2002 as the Unison Historic District , and on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 . The store was purchased at highest bid by a local business at a public auction in 2001 , and the building subsequently renovated . It was used as an office business until April 2013 when the building was again sold . It was purchased this time by a local philanthropist , Dr. Betsee Parker , owner of Huntlands , who then gifted the building to the Unison Preservation Society . The old Unison Store is now a community center , serving the village and the surrounding area . The population count of Unison is now about 30 , greatly outnumbered by the horses in the surrounding farms . The village contains a single United Methodist Church , and a number of private home businesses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46efcbf1a2f4066a860694ff7f44e5a2", "text": "Thurston County, Washington Thurston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington . As of the 2010 census , its population was 252,264 . The county seat and largest city is Olympia , the state capital . Thurston County was created out of Lewis County by the government of Oregon Territory on January 12 , 1852 . At that time , it covered all of the Puget Sound region and the Olympic Peninsula . On December 22 of the same year , Pierce , King , Island , and Jefferson counties were split off from Thurston County . It is named after Samuel R. Thurston , the Oregon Territory 's first delegate to Congress . Thurston County comprises the Olympia-Tumwater , WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Seattle-Tacoma , WA Combined Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43aa32f1544718353f5a458fbc132264", "text": "Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad The Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad ( earlier Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad and Transportation Company ) was a narrow gauge railroad and was the first railroad in Seattle , Washington . Despite its ambitious name , actual construction never went beyond King County , the county of which Seattle itself is the seat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798323e601502f3534ba08fcbde29c58", "text": "Seattle City Hall Seattle City Hall ( also known as the Seattle Municipal Building ) is located in downtown Seattle , Washington , between 4th Avenue and 5th Avenue . The building houses the offices of the Seattle City Council and the Mayor of Seattle . Most city departments are located in the nearby Seattle Municipal Tower . In 2003 , the Seattle city government moved into a new , `` green '' city hall building . Until 1962 , the city government operated from the King County Courthouse , alongside the King County government . The new City Hall and Plaza , together with the adjacent Seattle Municipal Tower , Seattle Justice Center , and ( unbuilt ) Civic Square , comprise the Seattle Civic Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66318c39836b6c7e3e014f16d8986311", "text": "Chief Seattle Chief Seattle ( c. 1786 -- June 7 , 1866 ) was a Suquamish Tribe ( Suquamish ) and Dkhw ` Duw ` Absh ( Duwamish ) chief . A prominent figure among his people , he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers , forming a personal relationship with `` Doc '' Maynard . The city of Seattle , in the U.S. state of Washington , was named after him . A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native Americans ' land rights had been attributed to him . However , what he actually said has been lost through translation and rewriting . The name Seattle is an anglicization of the modern Duwamish conventional spelling Si'ahl , equivalent to the modern Lushootseed spelling siʔaɫ -LSB- ˈsiʔaːɬ -RSB- . He is also known as Sealth , Seathle , Seathl , or See-ahth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94fa370dfe1fb564f963a9c6a8cd75d5", "text": "Blacksburg, Virginia Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County , Virginia , United States , with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census . Blacksburg is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech ( Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ) . Blacksburg , Christiansburg , and Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery , Pulaski , and Giles counties for statistical purposes . The MSA has an estimated population of 159,587 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia . The town and Virginia Tech campus have a long tradition of safety and living satisfaction , despite the Virginia Tech shootings that occurred on April 16 , 2007 . In 2011 , BusinessWeek named Blacksburg the `` Best Place in the U.S. to Raise Kids '' . Also in 2011 , readers of Southern Living named Blacksburg the `` Best College Town in the South '' . Its public transportation system , Blacksburg Transit , which also connects to the neighboring town of Christiansburg , has repeatedly received recognition for the quality of its service . Blacksburg High School , which in 2013 unveiled its new state-of-the-art building , is often ranked among the top schools of the nation for its academics and its Soccer , Track , and Cross Country teams are also among the top in the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a835fda983a4396f4eca11d5a8d864ec", "text": "Virginia Beach Fire Department The Virginia Beach Fire Department ( VBFD ) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Virginia Beach , Virginia . The department protects an area of 249 sqmi as well as 59 sqmi of inland waterways and 38 mi of shoreline . The independent city is home to a population of 448,479 , not including the summer population growth due to tourism , making it the most populous city in Virginia and the 39th largest city in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca13816be33efc08856316485641073", "text": "Ocean View (Norfolk) Ocean View is a coastal region in the independent city of Norfolk , Virginia in the United States . It has several miles of shoreline on the Chesapeake Bay to the north , starting with Willoughby Spit to the west and the Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek in the independent city of Virginia Beach on the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb6ae41733378048adb7ee008274472", "text": "Charlottesville, Virginia Charlottesville , colloquially C'ville and formally the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,210 . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . This means a Charlottesville resident will list the City of Charlottesville as both their county and city on official paperwork . Charlottesville has eighteen distinctive neighborhoods . It is named after the British Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with the County of Albemarle for statistical purposes , bringing its steadily growing population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Fluvanna , Greene and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . While both served as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71 mi historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 mi northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Thomas Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border with Albemarle . Monticello , located 3 mi southeast of the city , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Located on a hilltop overlooking Charlottesville , Monticello attracts thousands of tourists every year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3b88000b2e9477d38b74fe08be7e7f5", "text": "West Virginia State Police The West Virginia State Police is a paramilitary organization , state law enforcement agency in the United States that provides statewide police services to the 1.83 million residents in West Virginia . It is the fourth oldest state police agency and was born in the second extraordinary session of the West Virginia Legislature on June 19 , 1919 as a result of uprisings surrounding organized labor in the coal and mine industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba017e50845374ac16abdf884b68fd0", "text": "Mason Neck, Virginia Mason Neck is a peninsula jutting into the Potomac River to the south of Washington , D.C. , in the U.S. state of Virginia . It is surrounded by Belmont Bay to the west , the Potomac River to the south and east , Gunston Cove to the northeast , and Pohick Bay to the north-northeast . The census-designated place ( CDP ) of Mason Neck forms the southernmost section of Fairfax County , in northern Virginia , and comprises an area of 51.8 sqkm , two-thirds of which is preserved as parkland by regional , state , and national authorities . The population of the Mason Neck CDP was 2,005 as of the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7f71b919a7dc2d0149edd966d0a880", "text": "Government of Virginia The government of Virginia combines the three branches of authority in the Commonwealth of Virginia . The current Governor of Virginia is Terry McAuliffe . The State Capitol building in Richmond was designed by Thomas Jefferson , and the cornerstone was laid by Governor Patrick Henry in 1785 . Virginia currently functions under the 1971 Constitution of Virginia . It is the Commonwealth 's seventh constitution . Under the Constitution , the government is composed of three branches : legislative , executive , and judicial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f365543f0fac5af9137ce957210b994", "text": "Virginia Department of Education The Virginia Department of Education is the state education agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is headquartered in the James Monroe Building in Richmond . The department is headed by the Secretary of Education , who is a member of the Virginia Governor 's Cabinet , and the Superintendent of Public Instruction , a position that is also appointed by the Governor of Virginia . The State Superintendent is responsible for heading the department and for overseeing Virginia 's 16 public colleges and universities , the Virginia Community College System , the commonwealth 's five higher education centers , and Virginia 's public museums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6669465a82a59a1f4d5b6b31a83ecdd3", "text": "Southeast, Washington, D.C. Southeast ( SE or S.E. ) is the southeastern quadrant of Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , and is located south of East Capitol Street and east of South Capitol Street . It includes the Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods , the Navy Yard , the Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling ( JBAB ) , the U.S. Marine Barracks , the Anacostia River waterfront , Eastern Market , the remains of several Civil War-era forts , historic St. Elizabeths Hospital , RFK Stadium , Nationals Park , and the Congressional Cemetery . It is also contains a landmark known as `` The Big Chair , '' located on Martin Luther King Avenue . The quadrant is bisected by the Anacostia River , with the portion that is west of the river sometimes referred to as `` Near Southeast '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c539f29a95a48f29315a99331a07753", "text": "Beacon Hill, Seattle Beacon Hill is a hill and neighborhood in southeast Seattle , Washington . The municipal government subdivides it into North Beacon Hill , Mid-Beacon Hill , Holly Park , and South Beacon Hill , though most people who live there simply call it `` Beacon Hill . '' Former home to the world headquarters of Amazon.com and present home to the Seattle Division of the Department of Veterans Affairs ' Puget Sound Health Care System , the hill offers views of downtown , the Industrial District , Elliott Bay , First Hill , Rainier Valley , and , when the weather is good , Mount Rainier and the Olympic Mountains . It is roughly bounded on the west by Interstate 5 , on the north by Interstate 90 , on the east by Rainier Avenue South , Cheasty Boulevard South , and Martin Luther King Junior Way South , and on the south by the Seattle city boundary . It is part of Seattle 's South End . Homes on the northern part of the hill were mostly built in the early 1900s ; thus , North Beacon Hill contains many excellent examples of Craftsman bungalows and Seattle box houses , a local variant of the Foursquare style . The American Planning Association ( APA ) , an organization of `` planners , citizens and elected officials - committed to making great communities happen '' , named Beacon Hill as one of the 30 Great Places in America . The features of Beacon Hill that constitute an APA Great Place include urban design and aesthetics , multi-modal transportation , a variety of uses within the neighborhood , sustainability , community participation and involvement , and memorable character . Beacon Hill was also recognized for having the largest Olmsted-planned green space in Seattle , known as Jefferson Park . The neighborhood is highly treasured by its businesses and residents , and the neighborhood is highly involved in local planning affairs such as open space , public safety , and transportation . The Beacon Hill neighborhood prides itself on many fine foods and restaurants , a highly rated hair salon , the best live music venue , and a place for kids activities , all voted for as some of the `` Best of 2012 '' by Seattle Magazine ( online version not currently available ) . The City of Seattle , in partnership with Beacon BIKES , created the Beacon Hill Family Bicycle and Pedestrian Circulation Plan , a ten-year plan to increase pedestrian bicycle networks serving highly used greenways , intersections , and cycle tracts within the neighborhood as a measure to increase safety for all users . The plan was awarded the 2012 VISION 2040 Award from the Puget Sound Regional Council . Beacon Hill is home to the `` Beacon Rocks ! '' performance series , beginning its 5th season in 2014 on the last Sunday of June , July and August . This event featuring a variety of types of performances is held on the Roberto Maestas Festival Street and produced by Beacon Hill 's neighborhood community arts group `` ROCKiT Community Arts '' . Beacon Hill has recently become known for their Food Forest , a new project that has created neighborhood urban farming west of Jefferson Park . The Beacon Food Forest has gained national attention in the news , receiving recognition from the Associated Press , CBS , Gawker , and HLN , to name a few . A 2012 article in Seattle Weekly stated that Beacon Hill was soon to `` boast the biggest public food forest in the country '' with seven lush acres containing a community park and an edible landscape , including such plantings as walnuts , chestnuts , berry shrubs and vegetables . The idea started with a community-led group that secured $ 22,000 in Neighborhood Matching Funds from the Department of Neighborhoods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8fbb1b6f2788f8bcbcfe99ac449b25d", "text": "Supreme Court of Virginia The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts , as well as the criminal law , family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia . It is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States . It was known as the Supreme Court of Appeals until 1970 , when it was renamed the Supreme Court of Virginia , because of it 's ability to have final jurisdiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00da4508c83cdda9031b07b522a9e472", "text": "Virginia Washington Monument The Virginia Washington Monument , also known as the Washington Monument , is an 19th-century neoclassical statue of George Washington located on the public square in Richmond , Virginia . It is the terminus for Grace Street . The cornerstone of the monument was laid in 1850 and it became the second equestrian statue of Washington to be unveiled in the United States ( following the one in Union Square , New York City , unveiled in 1856 ) . It was not completed until 1869 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed32818c3272caf8b6b240baa8e8486", "text": "Seattle process The Seattle process or Seattle way is a term stemming from the political procedure in Seattle and King County , and to a lesser extent other cities and the Washington state government . The term has no strict definition but refers to the pervasively slow process of dialogue , deliberation , participation , and municipal introspection before making any decision and the time it takes to enact any policy . An early definition came from a 1983 editorial in the Seattle Weekly , `` the usual Seattle process of seeking consensus through exhaustion . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "67fa07df73f38e9a6fe75a8104436e85", "text": "Penny Dreadful (TV series) Penny Dreadful is a British-American horror drama television series created for Showtime and Sky by John Logan , who also acts as executive producer alongside Sam Mendes . The show was originally pitched to several US and UK channels , and eventually landed with Showtime , with Sky Atlantic as co-producer . It premiered at the South by Southwest film festival on March 9 and began airing on television on April 28 , 2014 , on Showtime on Demand . The series premiered on Showtime on May 11 , 2014 , the first in an eight-episode season . After the third-season finale on June 19 , 2016 , series creator John Logan announced that Penny Dreadful had ended as the main story had reached its conclusion . The title refers to the penny dreadfuls , a type of 19th-century British fiction publication with lurid and sensational subject matter . The series draws upon many public domain characters from 19th-century British and Irish fiction , including Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde 's The Picture of Dorian Gray ; Mina Harker , Abraham Van Helsing , Dr. Seward , Renfield , and Count Dracula from Bram Stoker 's Dracula ; Victor Frankenstein and his monster from Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ; and Dr. Henry Jekyll from Robert Louis Stevenson 's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d90468b90f1d7c991b6e75b14c9939f", "text": "Tales from the Darkside Tales from the Darkside is an American anthology horror TV series created by George A. Romero ; it debuted in 1983 . Each episode was an individual short story that often ended with a plot twist . The series ' episodes spanned the genres of horror , science fiction , and fantasy , and some episodes featured elements of black comedy or more lighthearted themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3258b7bf2a590007bf80e295a18e122", "text": "Press Gang Press Gang is a British children 's television comedy-drama consisting of 43 episodes across five series that were broadcast from 1989 to 1993 . It was produced by Richmond Film & Television for Central , and screened on the ITV network in its regular weekday afternoon children 's strand , Children 's ITV , typically in a 4:45 pm slot ( days varied over the course of the run ) . Aimed at older children and teenagers , the programme was based on the activities of a children 's newspaper , the Junior Gazette , produced by pupils from the local comprehensive school . In later series it was depicted as a commercial venture . The show interspersed comedic elements with the dramatic . As well as addressing interpersonal relationships ( particularly in the Lynda-Spike story arc ) , the show tackled issues such as solvent abuse , child abuse and firearms control . Written by ex-teacher Steven Moffat , more than half the episodes were directed by Bob Spiers , a noted British comedy director who had previously worked on classics such as Fawlty Towers . Critical reception was very positive , particularly for the quality of the writing , and the series has attracted a cult following with a wide age range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca08c07666069519ce3f6bdc17428b9", "text": "Mad Dogs (U.S. TV series) Mad Dogs is a dark-comic thriller television series available for viewing on Amazon 's Amazon Prime subscription service . It is a partial remake of the British show , also named Mad Dogs , that aired from 2011 to 2013 . The show 's first season consisted of 10 episodes , expanding on the British version 's first season 's four hours of content . It began airing on January 22 , 2016 in the U.S. , U.K. , and Germany , with an early release of the show available in December 2015 . The plot is a `` cocktail of testosterone and bad decision-making '' , focused on the angst of a group of 40-something underachieving American men who become caught in a `` vacation from hell '' . The cast is a unique blend of film actors with mostly episodic television credits to their name , including Billy Zane as a man wealthy from underworld connections who invites his friends for a stay in Belize , Michael Imperioli as an irresponsible but good-hearted former traveling musician , Romany Malco as a family man , and Ben Chaplin ( who starred in the Zane role in the UK version of the show ) as an embittered teacher . The show 's few women actors , including Allison Tolman and María Botto ( reprising her role from the UK series ) , provide contrast to the male leads . Showrunner Cris Cole adapted the show from his own drama in the UK . It was originally under development at the FX network . Cole noted that because the American version is 10 hours to the British version 's first season 's four hours , the last six hours of the American version are `` virgin territory '' and have no comparative to the original . Rights to air the show were sold by Sony Pictures Television for more than 140 countries prior to the initial Amazon airing . In late February 2016 , Amazon announced that it had opted not to renew the series . Although the original intention had been for the show to be a 10 episode limited series , Amazon and the show leadership had broached the idea of a potential second season . During filming of scenes of the pilot episode in Puerto Rico , actor Steve Zahn contracted dengue fever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f5da7ea2fc10b46bc33f920711a034a", "text": "List of Scream episodes Scream is an American slasher horror television series developed by Jill Blotevogel , Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie for MTV and is based on the slasher film series of the same name created by Kevin Williamson . The series premiered of June 30 , 2015 , following the airing of the second episode of the fifth season of Teen Wolf , to mixed reviews from critics , though it has slowly earned a strong fan base throughout its run . As of October 18 , 2016 , 24 episodes of Scream have aired , concluding the second season . Following the airing of the second season finale , it was announced that a two-hour Halloween special would air on October 18 , 2016 . On October 14 , 2016 , MTV renewed the series for a third season to consist of 6 episodes , which will premiere in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702dbf4febd6f7c34ee9b380e211abf5", "text": "The Baddies `` The Baddies '' is an episode of the award-winning British comedy television series The Goodies . This episode is also known as `` The Nicest Person in the World '' and `` Double Trouble '' and as `` Bad Copies '' . Written by The Goodies , with songs and music by Bill Oddie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c41d9f90eb41fb82c9f061065c36348", "text": "The Mysteries of London The Mysteries of London is a penny dreadful or city mysteries novel begun by George W. M. Reynolds in 1844 . Reynolds wrote the first two series of this long-running narrative of life in the seedy underbelly of mid-nineteenth-century London . Thomas Miller wrote the third series and Edward L. Blanchard wrote the fourth series of this immensely popular title . Michael Angelo in Penny Dreadfuls and Other Victorian Horrors writes : Reynolds had read Eugène Sue while in Paris and was particularly impressed by his novel Les Mystères de Paris ( The Mysteries of Paris ) . It inspired Reynolds to write and publish a penny part serial , The Mysteries of London ( 1845 ) , in which he paralleled Sue 's tale of vice , depravity , and squalor in the Parisian slums with a sociological story contrasting the vice and degradation of London working-class life with the luxury and debaucheries of the hedonistic upper crust . An early socialist and a Chartist sympathizer , Reynolds had a genuine social conscience , and he contrived to stitch into the pages of his books diatribes against social evils and class inequities . ( 79 ) Instalments were published weekly and contained a single illustration and eight pages of text printed in double columns . The weekly numbers were later bound in cloth covers with a fresh title page and table of contents and offered as complete works of fiction . Later Victorian editions of The Mysteries of London carried the subtitle : Stories of Life in the Modern Babylon . After Reynolds quit The Mysteries of London , he began a new title : The Mysteries of the Court of London , which ran from 1848 until 1856 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b75b4d412512ce048599045b52ff7562", "text": "The House of Gristle The House of Gristle was a British children 's comedy sketch series for Children 's BBC which ran for nine weeks in the spring of 1994 . This was the Gristle family that had previously appeared in Dizzy Heights . This was mainly down to Steve Nallon 's puppetry and voice talents . The main concept behind the show was that an ordinary family , the Gristles , had been given their own television series and so they produced a sort amateur `` Family Television Channel '' , creating their own special versions of television programmes of the day . The series had parodies , sketches and its own serial . The serial , a comic gothic horror send up called The Curious Case of Dr Van Rental , was later broadcast as a whole in 1995 as a one-off special . In the series Steve Nallon played Vera Gristle , the mum of the family , who spent most of her time eating . The series was produced and directed by Martin Hughes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b787a280a61806a490288adf9b6a2b", "text": "Casualty (series 15) The fifteenth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 16 September 2000 and finished on 28 April 2001 . It saw another increase , this time to 36 episodes , including two hour-long self-contained ` specials ' , Sympathy for the Devil ( episode 8 ) and Something from the Heart ( episode 23 ) , which were shown in addition to the regular Saturday night episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e01a48d25c2f96d3ca92dfcb8b062a2", "text": "Catastrophe (2015 TV series) Catastrophe is a British sitcom first broadcast on 19 January 2015 on Channel 4 . It stars Sharon Horgan as Sharon Morris and Rob Delaney as Rob Norris , who get together after she becomes pregnant following a brief affair while he is in the UK on business . Carrie Fisher , Ashley Jensen , and Mark Bonnar play supporting characters in the series . The show was renewed for a second series in January 2015 and began broadcasting from 27 October 2015 , having been brought forward from its original schedule of early 2016 . In July 2016 , Catastrophe was renewed for a third and fourth series . The third series , which began broadcasting in the UK on 28 February 2017 , comprises 6 episodes -- which all became available in the Untied States on April 28 , 2017 , hosted by Amazon . The fourth series of the show is scheduled for 2018 . For her performance in the show , Sharon Horgan was nominated for a 2016 British Academy Television Awards for Best Female Comedy Performance in 2016 . Both Horgan and Delaney won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Writer : Comedy . The show was nominated for a Peabody Award . In July 2016 , the show received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing For a Comedy Series , going to Horgan and Delaney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28b8f2059ead97d1ff281f84a452e02", "text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 13 , 2013 , at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network . Executive producers are John Wells , Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn , with producer Michael Hissrich . The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7 , 2013 . The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers , becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date . The episode airing February 17 , `` The Sins of My Caretaker '' , received 1.31 million total viewers , its lowest rated episode of the season . The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8971d897130fbdc0e8102abc12c4212d", "text": "Deadly Deadly may refer to : Deadliness , the ability to cause death Deadly ( film ) , a 1991 Australian film Deadly ( novel series ) , a children 's book series by Morris Gleitzman and Paul Jennings Deadly ( AU TV series ) , an Australian children 's television cartoon series Deadly ( UK TV series ) , a British wildlife documentary series Karla ( film ) , a 2006 American motion picture originally titled Deadly Alan Dedicoat ( born 1954 ) , BBC announcer nicknamed `` Deadly '' A modern colloquialism used by Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders to indicate ` cool , rockin , fantastic ' . See the Deadly Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5eef938da97c74a237ce397602b4b64", "text": "The Penny Dreadfuls Present... The Penny Dreadfuls Present ... is a British radio comedy programme , written and performed by comedy troupe the Penny Dreadfuls , with each episode looking at a different member of The Brothers Faversham , a collection of heroes of Victorian Britain . The first series was produced and broadcast by the BBC for BBC Radio 7 and aired between January and February 2008 . The second series was broadcast in October 2008 , and was repeated on BBC Radio 4 in December 2008 and January 2009 . An episode on Guy Fawkes was broadcast in BBC Radio 4 's Afternoon Play '' slot on 5 November 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5f79d06fb0537da9393ad1a0b138cd", "text": "Mystery and Imagination Mystery and Imagination is a British television anthology series of classic horror and supernatural dramas . Five series were broadcast from 1966 to 1970 by the ITV network and produced by ABC and ( later ) Thames Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "29b53ca5ba964987900a5a617b26e705", "text": "Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman ( January 26 , 1925 -- September 26 , 2008 ) was an American actor , IndyCar driver , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He won and was nominated for numerous awards , winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Cannes Film Festival Award , an Emmy Award , and many others . Newman 's other films include The Hustler ( 1961 ) , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) as Butch Cassidy , The Sting ( 1973 ) , and The Verdict ( 1982 ) . However , he is perhaps best remembered for his role as the title character in Cool Hand Luke ( 1967 ) . Despite being colorblind , Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing , and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing . He was a co-founder of Newman 's Own , a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity . As of January 2017 , these donations have totaled over US$ 485 million . He was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network , a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need . In 1988 , Newman founded the SeriousFun Children 's Network , a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d148db2d225c54b42d116bfebecdf2f3", "text": "Sandler Foundation Sandler Foundation is a charitable foundation formed in 1991 with support from Herbert Sandler and Marion Sandler . In 2006 , the Sandlers made a contribution of $ 1.3 billion to the foundation , which was the second largest American charitable contribution of 2006 . Sandler Foundation is a spend-down foundation as the Sandlers have signed The Giving Pledge . The Sandlers founded ProPublica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17aadc56fb50fdacc04c07f2fa4cc33", "text": "Philanthropy Advisory Service The FasterCures Philanthropy Advisory Service ( PAS ) is an online information resource for medical philanthropists . The goal of the web-based service is to accelerate drug and therapy development by increasing support and directing funds to high impact , nonprofit disease research organizations . It provides data about diseases and associated research organizations , allowing philanthropists to make informed investment decisions , match their interests to specific research organizations , and assess the outcome of their philanthropic investment . PAS features disease reports with up-to-date scientific data on each profiled disease , organizational reports with information and assessment data about the priorities and practices of various research organizations and a searchable research database . The PAS is currently in its pilot phase and focuses on four diseases : Alzheimer 's disease , multiple sclerosis , malaria , and tuberculosis . It provides information about 22 research organizations related to these diseases . At this time , it is available for free to those who register as Premier Users . The PAS began development in 2007 , and the pilot program was publicly launched on April 28 , 2009 . The program was established by FasterCures/The Center for Accelerating Medical Solutions , with funding support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Pioneer Portfolio of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d303d79483f56f28a13979b372d717", "text": "Mark Newman Mark Newman is a British physicist and Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan , as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute . He is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems , for which he was awarded the 2014 Lagrange Prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9412026a92fc45918c8d9af3f8c3c2ac", "text": "List of wealthiest charitable foundations This is a list of wealthiest charitable foundations worldwide . It consists of the 36 largest charitable foundations , private foundations engaged in philanthropy , and other charitable organizations . Only nonprofit foundations are included in this list . Organisations that are part of a larger company are excluded , such as holding companies . The entries are ordered by the size of the organisation 's financial endowment ( that is , the value of assets net of liabilities , or invested donations ) . The endowment value is an estimate measured in United States dollars , based on the exchange rates on December 31 , 2016 . Due to fluctuations in holdings , currency exchange and asset values , this list only represents the valuation of each foundation on a single day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b59bdf59c70ce53bd767d57733a2a26", "text": "Ernest Newman Ernest Newman ( 30 November 1868 -- 7 July 1959 ) was an English music critic and musicologist . Grove 's Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes him as `` the most celebrated British music critic in the first half of the 20th century . '' His style of criticism , aiming at intellectual objectivity in contrast to the more subjective approach of other critics , such as Neville Cardus , was reflected in his books on Richard Wagner , Hugo Wolf , Richard Strauss and others . He was music critic of The Sunday Times from 1920 until his death nearly forty years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9b65fb78b03e3c69d3a235c7a6a17a4", "text": "Neighborhoods in Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul , Minnesota is noted for its neighborhoods . The city has been called `` fifteen small towns with one mayor '' , owing to the neighborhood-based life of much of the city . Saint Paul is partially governed by not 15 but 17 City Districts . On Saint Paul 's largely blue-collar East Side alone there are more than two dozen well-known , historically significant neighborhoods within four City Districts . District 4 , for example , has three historic neighborhoods : Dayton 's Bluff , Swede Hollow , and Mounds Park . The most populous districts , 2 and 5 , have more than a dozen neighborhoods between them . While Saint Paul has long been recognized for its citizen activism , some neighborhoods receive more individual planning attention than others , because tax funds are doled out to annually elected volunteer neighborhood boards based on City District boundaries , not neighborhood boundaries . These boards are called District Councils . The District Council system was established in 1975 to encourage grass-roots involvement . The Councils were also created to help spend federal funds through the recently created Community Development Block Grants . The District Councils share $ 1.2 million from the city of Saint Paul . In 2015 , community participation funds given to the District Councils ranged from $ 51,873 to $ 109,475 . The councils also have other revenue streams , such as grants and donations . Most councils have significant power on land-use issues . Besides providing advisory recommendations to city officials on development issues , district councils also identify neighborhood needs , initiate community programs and recruit and nurture neighborhood leaders and volunteers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8ae7a621b9d4fcec1e80f75b841c6c", "text": "Robert Mayer (philanthropist) Sir Robert Mayer ( 5 June 1879 -- 9 January 1985 ) was a German-born philanthropist , businessman , and a major supporter of music and young musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a03577e95d344494d5a28d0f391a361", "text": "The Prize (1963 film) The Prize is a 1963 spy film starring Paul Newman , Elke Sommer and Edward G. Robinson . It was directed by Mark Robson , produced by Pandro S. Berman and adapted for the screen by Ernest Lehman from the novel of the same name by Irving Wallace . It also features an early score by prolific composer Jerry Goldsmith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b9d99acfbefe8ce7a555a76b5f044d7", "text": "Newman University Newman University may refer to : Newman University , Birmingham , a Catholic university in Birmingham , England Newman University , Wichita , a Catholic liberal arts university in Wichita , Kansas , United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "072878d89b7d4275eb92dd74e04122f8", "text": "Youth philanthropy Youth philanthropy is the donation of time , energy or resources , including money , by children and youth towards philanthropic causes . According to one study , `` youth philanthropy is , at the broadest level , youth giving of their time , talents and treasure . '' It is seen as an effective means in which youth develop knowledge of and participate in philanthropic projects such as volunteering , grant writing , and community service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4e9c82fc628bbac69f6560596fee99e", "text": "Federal grants in the United States In the United States , federal grants are economic aid issued by the United States government out of the general federal revenue . A federal grant is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States . Grants are federal assistance to individuals , benefits or entitlements . A grant is not used to acquire property or services for the federal government 's direct benefit . Grants may also be issued by private non-profit organizations such as foundations , not-for-profit corporations or charitable trusts which are all collectively referred to as charities . Outside the United States grants , subventions or subsidies are used to in similar fashion by government or private charities to subsidize programs and projects that fit within the funding criteria of the grant-giving entity or donor . Grants can be unrestricted , to be used by the recipient in any fashion within the perimeter of the recipient organization 's activities or they may be restricted to a specific purpose by the benefactor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedfe213cfb0011c39276a6a4c129da7", "text": "Cardinal Newman College Cardinal Newman College is a Catholic sixth form college close to the centre of Preston . The College was graded `` outstanding '' by Ofsted in May 2009 . The College was then granted `` Beacon college '' status by the Learning and Skills Improvement Service in November 2010 . The College was ranked as the best sixth form college in England according to the Sunday Times ' analysis of A-level performance for 2011 . With nine other high-performing sixth form colleges , the College was a founder-member of the Maple Group of colleges in March 2013 . The College has undergone significant new build and refurbishment since 2008 . This has included the addition of the newly built St Cecilia 's Building in 2009 , the acquisition of the St Augustine 's Centre in 2010 and the St Francis Building in 2015 , situated next to the St Mary 's Building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90419674080e647919066859876a1ffa", "text": "Apologia Pro Vita Sua Apologia Pro Vita Sua ( Latin : A defense of one 's own life ) is John Henry Newman 's defense of his religious opinions , published in 1864 in response to Charles Kingsley of the Church of England after Newman quit his position as the Anglican vicar of St. Mary 's , Oxford . John Henry Newman was regarded as a premier religious figure even before writing this definitive essay . The backdrop for the essay was a mid-century Anglican theological controversy in which Newman and other Anglicans were calling for a return to a former more disciplined and traditional authoritarian hierarchy . Friction during the years from 1833 to 1841 led Newman and his allies in the Oxford Movement to publish a statement , the Tracts for the Times , to which Newman was a contributor . The tensions culminated in Newman 's 1845 resignation as Anglican vicar of St. Mary 's , Oxford and his departure from the Anglican church seeking the Roman Catholics . -LSB- 1 -RSB- . One of Newman 's rivals was Anglican Charles Kingsley of the Broad Church party , who responded to Newman 's departure with attacks impeaching his truthfulness and honor . The flowing , almost poetic prose of the Apologia Pro Vita Sua was a spiritual autobiographical defense to Kingsley 's attacks . Newman 's book was influential with both churches and Newman was ultimately ordained by the Roman Catholics , where he soon became established as one of the foremost exponents of Catholicism in England . -LSB- 1 -RSB- The book was very well received and became a bestseller , remaining in print today . A revised version of the Apologia Pro Vita Sua with many passages rewritten and some parts omitted , was published in 1865 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d220879c5544496a6ff19f43e79b46", "text": "The National Fund The National Fund is a British charity whose purpose is to pay off the final amount of the United Kingdom national debt . The fund was set up in 1928 with a # 500,000 anonymous donation . It has been suggested that the donor pledged the money as a response to a 1919 Financial Times editorial by then-Financial Secretary to the Treasury Stanley Baldwin , which suggested patriotic rich citizens to voluntarily contribute towards paying the national debt accumulated from World War I. The fund , which is managed by Barclays , is worth # 351.4 m as of February 2013 . As of February 2012 , it was the United Kingdom 's 29th richest charity . Since 2009 , Barclays has been trying to release the funds . The donor stipulated that part of the funds to be released if `` in -LSB- the trustees -RSB- opinion at any time or times national exigencies -LSB- should -RSB- require '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21cb55be73b54b72505b9ebca8df9a20", "text": "The Young Philadelphians The Young Philadelphians is a 1959 drama film starring Paul Newman , Barbara Rush , Robert Vaughn and Alexis Smith , and directed by Vincent Sherman . The film is based on the 1956 novel , The Philadelphian , by Richard P. Powell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e2c18dead7e53f9498d499a6c34de39", "text": "Philip Green Memorial Trust The Philip Green Memorial Trust ( PGMT ) , was formed in 1985 by Cyril Paskin following the death of his close friend and fellow philanthropist , Philip Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ab3cd1b224c0eb4a73e1024bda5577", "text": "Philanthropist (disambiguation) A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare ; a person who practices philanthropy . Philanthropist may also refer to : The Philanthropist , academic journal The Philanthropist ( play ) by Christopher Hampton ( 1971 ) The Philanthropist ( Cincinnati , Ohio ) abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist ( TV series ) , television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feffd885d04a1d0da448903905e9cfc4", "text": "Inside Philanthropy Inside Philanthropy is a news website about large philanthropic foundations and wealthy donors , created by David Callahan in 2013 . It aims to increase oversight and transparency in large-scale philanthropy . The site provides news on major philanthropy and its trends , and presents profiles of big donors in particular categories such as donors from the technology industry , donors from the financial industry , and supporters of major education and healthcare initiatives . It also rates foundation program officers by their performance , rather than by the nonprofits they fund . It issues its own set of awards , such as the Philanthropist of the Year award and the Boldest Philanthropic Vision award . The site has been noted for naming wealthy people who Inside Philanthropy considers as scoring relatively poorly on `` relative generosity '' , or percentage of wealth that a person has given away , even if they still give out a comparatively large amount of money in absolute terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4109a59132f34fabafaca4b67d430a", "text": "Newman College (University of Melbourne) Newman College is a Roman Catholic co-educational residential college affiliated with the University of Melbourne . During the university year it houses about 200 undergraduate students and about 80 postgraduate students and tutors . The college was named after Cardinal John Henry Newman , a former Anglican and major figure in the Oxford Movement who became a Roman Catholic in the 19th century . The college continues to commemorate the life of Newman through events such as the `` Cardinal Newman Dinner '' and the prominent positioning of his portrait in the dining hall . Although most strongly affiliated with the University of Melbourne , a small number of undergraduate students attend RMIT University , Monash University Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences located on Royal Parade or the Australian Catholic University . The collegiate system was a response to the secular nature of the university , as each of the major Christian churches were given land to the north of the main campus to establish institutions in which to teach religion . The college motto is Luceat Lux Vestra , translating from Latin as `` Let Your Light Shine '' . At its opening the administration of the college was entrusted to the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ) who continue its administration to the present day . As of 2015 , the rector of the college is Father Bill Uren , , a former chaplain and rector ( 1987 -- 1990 ) of Newman College .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca8ebc22a904f02658dd8810bb6f6c6a", "text": "Imagine Dragons Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas , Nevada , consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds , lead guitarist Wayne Sermon , bassist Ben McKee , and drummer Daniel Platzman . The band first gained exposure in 2012 with the releases of their debut studio album Night Visions and its first single `` It 's Time '' . Billboard placed them at the top of their `` Year In Rock '' rankings for 2013 , and named them their `` Breakthrough Band of 2013 '' . Rolling Stone named their single `` Radioactive '' from Night Visions the `` biggest rock hit of the year '' , and MTV called them `` the year 's biggest breakout band '' . Night Visions peaked at number two on the weekly US Billboard 200 chart and the UK Albums Chart . The band 's second studio album Smoke + Mirrors was released in 2015 , and reached number one in the US , Canada and the UK . Imagine Dragons has won two American Music Awards for Favorite Alternative Artist , a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance , five Billboard Music Awards , and a World Music Award . In May 2014 , the band was nominated for a total of fourteen different Billboard Music Awards , including Top Artist of the Year and a Milestone Award , which recognizes innovation and creativity of artists across different genres . As of January 2017 , Imagine Dragons have sold 9 million albums and 27 million singles worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca9e7c60c83501d1abbe9b61c332a6c4", "text": "The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison . The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died . Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out . British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c1291e8056c4859233b345063517843", "text": "Weathermaker Music Weathermaker Music is the record label owned by the American rock band Clutch and their manager Jack Flanagan . Weathermaker Music LLC was formed in June 2008 . Weathermaker Music was mostly known to work with Clutch and their side project , the psychedelic jazz-rock alter ego The Bakerton Group . In 2012 Weathermaker signed and released product by The Company Band , and The Mob . Both groups include Weathermaker Music principal owners . On March 19th , 2013 Weathermaker Music released the Clutch record '' Earth Rocker '' on CD and vinyl . At the end of 2013 Weathermaker Music released `` Earth Rocker Live '' which is a double 12 inch vinyl picture disc version of the `` Earth Rocker '' studio release on one LP , and the same track listing recorded live from various cities on their 2013 USA tour on the second LP . In 2013 Weathermaker Music signed Deep Swell , featuring Clutch member Tim Sult on guitar . Their record , `` Lore of the Angler '' was released October 15th , 2013 . Weathermaker Music signed the Maryland-based group Lionize in 2013 as well . Entitled `` Jetpack Soundtrack '' , this Lionize record was released on February 18th , 2014 in North America , April 11th , 2014 in Europe , and February 14th , 2014 in the UK . The Lionize signing marks the label 's first signing of an independent artist to Weathermaker Music . In the summer of 2014 Weathermaker Music completed the Earth Rocker release cycle with a very special Double Vinyl 12 '' Picture Disc for collectors and released `` Earth Rocker Deluxe '' , a 2xCD / DVD set . CD1 of the deluxe version features the original studio recordings with two previously unreleased songs , CD2 is a live version of all ER songs recorded at various stops on the Earth Rocker World Tour during the summer of 2013 and the DVD is a recording of Clutch 's Denver , CO show from ( 11/14/13 ) . As a bonus , the DVD contains three promotional videos , two of which were directed by Aisha Tyler . Clutch released their 11th studio record `` Psychic Warfare '' on October 2nd , 2015 via Weathermaker Music . The first video from the album was `` X-Ray Visions '' , Directed by Dan Winters . The album reached # 11 on the Top 100 Billboard chart and # 1 on both the Hard Rock and Rock Billboard charts . The second video from `` Psychic Warfare '' was `` A Quick Death in Texas '' , directed and shot by My Good Eye ( David Brodsky / Allison Woest ) . Clutch also participated in '' 10 Bands 1 Cause '' breast cancer awareness program with a limited edition pink vinyl offering released September 18th , 2015 distributed via RED . This vinyl will be reissued by Weathermaker Music on black vinyl on October 7th , 2016 . On Saturday April 16th 2016 Weathermaker Music will be releasing a Clutch special limited edition 12 '' vinyl release for Record Store Day . The album will contain two previously unreleased tracks from the Psychic Warfare sessions : `` Mad Sidewinder '' and `` Outland Special Clearance '' . These two tracks , specifically mastered for this vinyl configuration by Paul Logus , will be on side A . The reverse side will have a large scale etching taken from the Psychic Warfare CD booklet design created by Dan Winters . The jacket is hand numbered thick clear plastic showing the full art design , thus making this piece for Record Store Day 2016 a unique collectors ' item for all Clutch fans . On September 20th , 2016 Weathermaker Music re-issued their first ever official release '' WM001 , Full Fathom Five , Audio Field Recordings '' on a 2x disc vinyl Gatefold offering . Weathermaker Music has signed distribution agreements with Sony/RED in North America , as well as international distribution agreements with Rough Trade Distribution in Europe , including the UK , and Rocket Distribution in Australia . Weathermaker Music Label Manager is Stefan Koster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a98a33eae86f70867ff5cddcb2a3d0e", "text": "Visions (Cliff Richard song) `` Visions '' is a song released in 1966 by Cliff Richard . The song spent 12 weeks on the UK 's Record Retailer chart , peaking at No. 7 , while reaching No. 1 in Israel , No. 1 in Malaysia , No. 1 in Singapore , No. 4 in Ireland , and No. 40 in Germany . Cliff would usually sing the chorus of the song , `` When Will We Meet Again '' , at the end of his TV show It 's Cliff Richard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef0e7cf243340811360e675e41b58d2", "text": "Machine Dreams Machine Dreams is the second studio album by Swedish electronic band Little Dragon . It was released on 17 August 2009 by Peacefrog Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a94c2100280c711d2413b3e08f31e0", "text": "A Night to Remember (Johnny Mathis album) A Night to Remember is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released in April 2008 by Columbia Records . In the liner notes for the album , executive producer Jay Landers writes that `` Johnny combed through his personal album collection and chose 12 songs sure to evoke faces and places from those golden days when 45s were stacked on the record player and local deejays played songs you could actually hum the melody to . '' The album reached number 29 on the UK album chart during its two weeks there in August 2008 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f7e6c292e7a3b3f81824d6720500d3c", "text": "The Nightlines Sessions The Nightlines Sessions is a 1998 album by Rheostatics . The album was recorded as a live session for the final episode of CBC Stereo 's late night music program Night Lines , hosted by David Wisdom . It is a largely tossed-off and improvised affair , showing the band indulging their silly sides . It is an enjoyable diversion for fans , but even the band acknowledges that casual listeners will likely find it weird and unlistenable . The session aired on August 31 , 1997 . One song from the session , `` Stolen Car '' , had appeared on an earlier Rheostatics album ( 1997 's Double Live ) . Another song , `` The Junction Foil Ball '' , was rerecorded for the later Night of the Shooting Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27aaa90b1f6e9dd7c59ab7118cab5ca0", "text": "Scandinavian Nights Scandinavian Nights is a double live album by the British hard rock band Deep Purple . It was originally recorded by Swedish National Radio for a radio show called Tonkraft at the Stockholm Konserthuset on 12 November 1970 , but not released until 1988 . The tapes were re-mixed by Tom Leader at Angel Studios in London . It remains the prime example of the early Mk II set list and ferocious concert dynamics . The set list comprises songs from the album Deep Purple in Rock and long instrumentals from earlier albums . The two songs `` Mandrake Root '' and `` Wring that Neck '' took up half the concert in the early days , until the Fireball tour . The US double CD , released in 1992 , was titled Live and Rare , while the European double vinyl and double CD , released in 1988 , were both titled Scandinavian Nights . The European vinyl release contained a limited edition picture booklet . The track timings printed ( on both European vinyl and CD ) refer to the length of the actual songs , in-between pauses are not included , but the timings on the US CDs do include the pauses . The original master tapes were later discovered and remixed for a re-release as Live in Stockholm by Purple Records in 2005 , with improved sound quality . On the original release the song running order was adjusted to fit the timing-restrictions of vinyl , and the CD edition unnecessarily mimicked this ; Live in Stockholm features the set list in the correct order . A new edition of the album , titled Stockholm 1970 , was released in 2014 by EDEL as part of `` The Official Deep Purple ( Overseas ) Live Series '' with additional material : two songs recorded in Paris in 1970 ; contemporary Jon Lord interview ; a bonus DVD with Deep Purple 's performance at Granada TV in 1970 , previously released on VHS as Doing Their Thing . The original 1988 album cover was featured in Pitchfork Media 's 2005 list of `` The Worst Record Covers of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d35643f2daa8c9be700a7ae9622c812", "text": "Night Verses Night Verses are an American post-rock band with members from Long Island , New York and Fullerton , California . The group consists of Lead vocalist Douglas Robinson , Guitarist Nick DePirro , Bassist Reilly Herrera and Drummer/Digital Percussionist Aric Improta . The band has 3 releases to date and is currently signed to Graphic Nature/Equal Vision Records ( US ) and Southworld Records ( UK ) . Night Verses self-released their Out of the Sky EP on May 15 , 2012 and their debut full length Lift Your Existence on June 25 , 2013 via Easy Killer and Southworld Records . Both of which were produced by Portland based engineer Kris Crummett ( Closure in Moscow , Dance Gavin Dance , Emarosa , Efecto Amalia ) . They have shared the stage with the likes of Letlive. , Converge , The Chariot , Norma Jean , Protest the Hero , HRVRD , and A Lot Like Birds", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f65e4348ee4caf8908d521bd3cea4132", "text": "Dan Reynolds (musician) Daniel Coulter `` Dan '' Reynolds ( born July 14 , 1987 ) is an American musician , multi-instrumentalist , and record producer . He is the lead vocalist for the rock band Imagine Dragons . Reynolds also released an EP in 2011 , titled Egyptian - EP , as a duo with Aja Volkman of Nico Vega under the moniker Egyptian . He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feceb56b7c9bb419d5a28a375e08d072", "text": "G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world . G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards . Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de7a4b37374ad5aded251be10bcd5f1a", "text": "Embodied imagination Embodied imagination is a therapeutic and creative form of working with dreams and memories pioneered by Dutch Jungian psychoanalyst Robert Bosnak and based on principles first developed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung , especially in his work on alchemy , and on the work of American archetypal psychologist James Hillman , who focused on soul as a simultaneous multiplicity of autonomous states . The technique of embodied imagination takes dreaming as the paradigm for all work with images . While dreaming , everyone experiences dreams as embodied events in time and space ; that is , the dreamer is convinced that he or she is experiencing a real event in a real environment . Bosnak describes how a dream `` instantaneously presents a total world , so real that you are convinced you are awake . You do n't just think so , you know it in the same way you now know you are awake reading this book . '' So from the perspective of dreaming , the image is a place . Based on this notion , the dreamer can re-enter the landscape of the dream and flash back into its images to more fully and deeply explore and experience them . The dreamer explores the images of the dream while in a hypnagogic state , a state of consciousness between waking and sleeping . While in this state , the dreamer is asked a series of questions that help him or her to re-experience the dream by describing details of its landscape and image . Once fully immersed in the images that the dream environment presents , the dreamer is then also invited to feel and identify the feelings and sensations manifested in the body from a variety of dream perspectives . Perspectives explored are both that of the dream ego as well any `` others '' that appear in the dream . These `` others '' may be , for example , another person , an animal , or a physical object . Approaching dream figures in this way is consistent with archetypal psychologist James Hillman 's prescription for therapeutic work in regard to the phenomena of psychic multiplicity . Drawing upon Carl Jung 's realization that `` the ego complex is not the only complex in the psyche , '' Hillman described the psyche to be not a singular unified whole defined by the ego point of view , but rather a self-organizing multiplicity of autonomous selves . In the technique of embodied imagination , for each of these `` selves '' or `` states '' representing various perspectives , the dreamer then feels , identifies , and locates the feelings and sensations in his or her body . At the conclusion of the dreamwork session , the dreamer simultaneously holds in conscious awareness these differentiated and complex states of embodied feeling and sensation . The act of holding these multiple disparate states at the same time creates a psychical tension from which a completely new image or feeling state spontaneously emerges from the dreamer 's psyche . This new image or state presents a completely new and previously unknown awareness to the dreamer , one through which the dreamer often feels changed , transformed , or greatly expanded in the ability to embody and feel intensely . After working with a dream in this way , one dreamer , a woman whose name is Ariel , later reflected , `` That dreamwork warded off my seasonal depression which always starts in the autumn . I could already feel it creeping up at the time of the dream . And with the dreamwork it just stopped and retreated and never came back . I did n't have it all winter . '' Ariel 's transformation is typical of those who practice this method of working with dreams . Using the technique of embodied imagination in dreamwork , the body becomes the theater for a vivid complexity of states , which leads along `` alchemical '' lines to profound psychical transformation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da94e68c0f97f8c8da249411c9cf861c", "text": "Desiderii Marginis Desiderii Marginis is a dark ambient music project from Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43224d254f6340d6ae36eed38564511e", "text": "Beyond Reality (album) Beyond Reality is the 2002 debut album of Dreamtale . Marco Hietala from Nightwish and Tarot sings on track number 4 and 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53493bbb81bede0a6efa4a2997e01232", "text": "Infinity (Vivid album) Infinity is the debut album released by the Japanese band Vivid . This was released in two different versions : a limited CD+DVD edition , and a regular CD only edition . It is the band 's first studio album and first album after going major with EPIC Records . The regular edition came with an extra track , `` EVER '' . The song `` live your life '' was also used as a theme song for the multiplayer online role-playing game Dragon Nest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310186e506601f761fa609448a8613ef", "text": "Deliria Deliria : Faerie Tales for a New Millennium is an `` interactive urban fantasy setting '' created by Phil Brucato . The title refers to an altered state of awareness in which several levels of reality can be perceived at once , to both good and ill effect . The core concept behind Deliria is one of `` ordinary people in an extraordinary world . '' Inspired by classical fairy tales and urban fantasy , the setting presents a multicultural world in which magic is always present but often invisible . To `` twilight people '' who encounter the magical realm , the world becomes a frightening yet wonderful place . Meanwhile , the immortal faeries , or aelderfolk , regard mortal humanity with a mixture of awe and terror . The accelerating pace of human imagination reverberates through both worlds , bringing changes that many aelders fear . Within the tensions of this setting , ordinary people become heroes - or villains - in their own new fairy tales . Inspired by authors like Charles de Lint , Erik Davis and Francesca Lia Block , films like Edward ScissorHands and Practical Magic , world music and ethereal wave music , and TV shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Deliria 's setting emphasizes `` normal people '' over superheroes . As a role-playing game , it features a flexible rules system , collaborative storytelling , and a character-crafting process based on telling stories about the character . Deliria has also been noted for its vivid digital art , evocative short stories , and emphasis of `` courage rather than carnage . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b62e6e7a5667fc65bc03817d198a877", "text": "Tales of Mystery and Imagination (Nocturnal Rites album) Tales of Mystery and Imagination is the second album by Swedish power metal band Nocturnal Rites , their first on Century Media . It received distribution in Europe in February 1998 after being initially released only in Japan . In 2005 , the album was re-issued as a 2-disc compilation titled , Lost in Time : The Early Years of Nocturnal Rites . The compilation featured previously unreleased demos and acoustic re-recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cabada0eee4656bae67d1e40778c48e", "text": "Imagination (Gorgon City song) `` Imagination '' is a song by English electronic music production duo Gorgon City . It features the vocals from South-London vocalist Katy Menditta from their debut studio album Sirens . It was written by Gorgon City , Katy Menditta , Emeli Sandé , Mustafa Omer and James Murray and produced by Gorgon City and musical group Mojam . It was released as an EP with three additional remixes on 31 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d5b718808062b42a32c51db151d57b", "text": "Demons of the Night EP Demons of the Night is the first EP and second single from New Zealand metal band , Demoniac . It was limited to 500 copies worldwide and was only pressed to 7 '' vinyl from French Label Osmose Productions . It contained two tracks from the 1999 full-length album The Fire and the Wind on side 1 and on side 2 it contained two non album tracks", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df35034c4b0f6d7ad461fcbbcd99b476", "text": "Have You Heard (The Moody Blues song) `` Have You Heard '' is a 1969 song by the progressive rock band The Moody Blues . Written by the band 's keyboardist Mike Pinder , `` Have You Heard '' is actually a two-part song , and both parts were recorded and released in 1969 on the Moody Blues Album On the Threshold of a Dream . Both parts of `` Have You Heard '' make up two parts of a three-part suite that concludes the album , with the first part beginning the suite and the second part ending it . The second part of this suite is an instrumental song named `` The Voyage '' , which was also composed by Pinder . In contrast to the calm , major-key `` Have You Heard , '' `` The Voyage '' starts with a triumphant orchestral passage leading to an ominous , minor-key theme played first on oboe and mellotron and then on piano , before ending with a minor chord and then returning to the major-key `` Have You Heard . '' This three-part suite is preceded by a short spoken-word prelude called `` The Dream '' . The beginning of `` The Dream '' somewhat describes a typical nightmare , since the whole album 's concept is about dreams . The final line of `` The Dream '' actually includes the album 's title : `` Live hand in hand , and together we 'll stand on the threshold of a dream . '' `` The Dream '' was written by the Moody Blues ' drummer Graeme Edge , but was recited in the recording by Pinder himself . This song was used at the beginning and end of the winter finale episode of Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. on February 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "046e6dcbf994cf481ee9af16cb3eb3d6", "text": "Night Sports Night Sports is the fifth studio album by American duo 3OH ! 3 . The album is their first album released under Fueled By Ramen , where the band signed in February 2016 . The album was released on May 13 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]